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Sharif I, Aleem S, Farooq J, Rizwan M, Younas A, Sarwar G, Chohan SM. Salinity stress in cotton: effects, mechanism of tolerance and its management strategies. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:807-820. [PMID: 31402811 PMCID: PMC6656830 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is classified as moderately salt tolerant crop with salinity threshold level of 7.7 dS m-1. Salinity is a serious threat for cotton growth, yield and fiber quality. The sensitivity to salt stress depends upon growth stage and type of salt. Understanding of cotton response to salinity, its resistance mechanism and looking into management techniques may assist in formulating strategies to improve cotton performance under saline condition. The studies have showed that germination, emergence and seedling stages are more sensitive to salinity stress as compared to later stages. Salt stress results in delayed flowering, less fruiting positions, fruit shedding and reduced boll weight which ultimately affect seed cotton yield. Depressed activities of metabolic enzymes viz: acidic invertase, alkaline invertase and sucrose phophate synthase lead to fiber quality deterioration in salinity. Excessive sodium exclusion or its compartmentation is the main adaptive mechanism in cotton under salt stress. Up regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants genes offer important adaptive potential to develop salt tolerant cotton varieties. Seed priming is also an effective approach for improving cotton germination in saline soils. Intra and inter variation in cotton germplasm could be used to develop salt tolerant varieties with the aid of marker assisted selection. Furthermore, transgenic approach could be the promising option for enhancing cotton production under saline condition. It is suggested that future research may be carried out with the combination of conventional and advance molecular technology to develop salt tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Sharif
- Cotton Research Station, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Aleem
- Vegetable Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Abia Younas
- Cotton Research Station, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Deng C, Hao X, Shi M, Fu R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Feng Y, Makunga NP, Kai G. Tanshinone production could be increased by the expression of SmWRKY2 in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 284:1-8. [PMID: 31084862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones are the main bioactive diterpenes in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, are widely used for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the biosynthetic mechanisms of these compounds have not yet been fully explained. In this study, a transcription factor named SmWRKY2 was isolated and functionally characterized. Multiple sequence analysis indicated it was classified into subgroup I of the WRKY family. Expression pattern showed that SmWRKY2 was mainly expressed in the stem and leaf and was inducible by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Subcellular localization showed that SmWRKY2 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of SmWRKY2 in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots significantly increased the expression of SmDXS2 and SmCPS, resulting in increased accumulation of tanshinones and the highest total tanshinone content was detected in OE-SmWRKY2-1 line, which was 1.83 times of the control. Meanwhile, tanshinone production was slightly reduced in the antisense-SmWRKY2 line. Dual-Luciferase assay showed that SmWRKY2 can positively regulate SmDXS2 and SmCPS expression, However, Y1H and EMSA experiments indicate that SmWRKY2 only binds to the W-box of the SmCPS promoter. Our study shows that SmWRKY2 is a positive regulator of tanshinone biosynthesis by mainly activating SmCPS. This study thus sheds new light on the regulatory role of SmWRKY2 in tanshinone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Deng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China; Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Rong Fu
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Nokwanda P Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China; Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China.
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Li Z, Li L, Zhou K, Zhang Y, Han X, Din Y, Ge X, Qin W, Wang P, Li F, Ma Z, Yang Z. GhWRKY6 Acts as a Negative Regulator in Both Transgenic Arabidopsis and Cotton During Drought and Salt Stress. Front Genet 2019; 10:392. [PMID: 31080461 PMCID: PMC6497802 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought and high salinity are key limiting factors for cotton production. Therefore, research is increasingly focused on the underlying stress response mechanisms of cotton. We first identified and cloned a novel gene encoding the 525 amino acids in cotton, namely GhWRKY6. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that GhWRKY6 was induced by NaCl, PEG 6000 and ABA. Analyses of germination rate and root length indicated that overexpression of GhWRKY6 in Arabidopsis resulted in hypersensitivity to ABA, NaCl, and PEG 6000. In contrast, the loss-of-function mutant wrky6 was insensitive and had slightly longer roots than the wild-type did under these treatment conditions. Furthermore, GhWRKY6 overexpression in Arabidopsis modulated salt- and drought-sensitive phenotypes and stomatal aperture by regulating ABA signaling pathways, and reduced plant tolerance to abiotic stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) enrichment, reduced proline content, and increased electrolytes and malondialdehyde (MDA). The expression levels of a series of ABA-, salt- and drought-related marker genes were altered in overexpression seedlings. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology revealed that down-regulation of GhWRKY6 increased salt tolerance in cotton. These results demonstrate that GhWRKY6 is a negative regulator of plant responses to abiotic stress via the ABA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Anyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anyang, China
| | - Kehai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yanpeng Din
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wenqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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Yue H, Chang X, Zhi Y, Wang L, Xing G, Song W, Nie X. Evolution and Identification of the WRKY Gene Family in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020131. [PMID: 30754717 PMCID: PMC6409747 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY gene family plays a unique role in plant stress tolerance. Quinoa is a cultivated crop worldwide that is known for its high stress tolerance. The WRKY gene family in quinoa has not yet been studied. Using a genome-wide search method, we identified 1226 WRKY genes in 15 plant species, seven animal species, and seven fungi species. WRKY proteins were not found in animal species and five fungi species, but were, however, widespread in land plants. A total of 92 CqWRKY genes were identified in quinoa. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, these CqWRKY genes were classified into three groups. The CqWRKY proteins have a highly conserved heptapeptide WRKYGQK with 15 conserved elements. Furthermore, a total of 25 CqWRKY genes were involved in the co-expression pathway of organ development and osmotic stress. The expression level of more than half of these CqWRKY genes showed significant variation under salt or drought stress. This study reports, for the first time, the findings of the CqWRKY gene family in quinoa at the genome-wide level. This information will be beneficial for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in crops, such as quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xi Chang
- Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, Xizang, China.
| | - Yongqiang Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guangwei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Weining Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Luan Q, Chen C, Liu M, Li Q, Wang L, Ren Z. CsWRKY50 mediates defense responses to Pseudoperonospora cubensis infection in Cucumis sativus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:59-69. [PMID: 30709494 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), an economically important vegetable crop, is often infected by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (P. cubensis), which results in inhibited growth and reduced yield. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in plant disease resistance. However, little is known about the function of WRKY TFs in cucumber downy mildew resistance. In this study, we reported that CsWRKY50, a cucumber WRKY subgroup Ⅱc TF localized in the nucleus, plays an important role in cucumber defense responses to downy mildew. In addition, several putative cis-acting elements involved in abiotic stress responsiveness were also identified in the CsWRKY50 promoter. Expression analysis revealed that CsWRKY50 can be induced by P. cubensis infection, abiotic stress and diverse signaling molecules. The overexpression of CsWRKY50 in cucumber enhanced the resistance of the plant to the fungal pathogen P. cubensis. In addition, less ROS accumulated in 35S:CsWRKY50 transgenic plants infected by the pathogen due to the higher expression levels of antioxidant enzymes. Importantly, after P. cubensis infection, the transcript levels of several hormone-related defense genes were also upregulated in transgenic plants, including SA- and JA-responsive genes and SA-synthesis genes. Collectively, our results indicate that CsWRKY50 positively regulates cucumber disease resistance to P. cubensis via multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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56
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Ma Q, Xia Z, Cai Z, Li L, Cheng Y, Liu J, Nian H. GmWRKY16 Enhances Drought and Salt Tolerance Through an ABA-Mediated Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1979. [PMID: 30740122 PMCID: PMC6357947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest families of TFs in plants and play multiple roles in plant development and stress response. In the present study, GmWRKY16 encoding a WRKY transcription factor in soybean was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. GmWRKY16 is a nuclear protein that contains a highly conserved WRKY domain and a C2H2 zinc-finger structure, and has the characteristics of transcriptional activation ability, presenting a constitutive expression pattern with relative expression levels of over fourfold in the old leaves, flowers, seeds and roots of soybean. The results of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that GmWRKY16 could be induced by salt, alkali, ABA, drought and PEG-6000. As compared with the control, overexpression of GmWRKY16 in Arabidopsis increased the seed germination rate and root growth of seedlings in transgenic lines under higher concentrations of mannitol, NaCl and ABA. In the meantime, GmWRKY16 transgenic lines showed over 75% survival rate after rehydration and enhanced Arabidopsis tolerance to salt and drought with higher proline and lower MDA accumulation, less water loss of the detached leaves, and accumulated more endogenous ABA than the control under stress conditions. Further studies showed that AtWRKY8, KIN1, and RD29A were induced in GmWRKY16 transgenic plants under NaCl treatment. The expressions of the ABA biosynthesis gene (NCED3), signaling genes (ABI1, ABI2, ABI4, and ABI5), responsive genes (RD29A, COR15A, COR15B, and RD22) and stress-related marker genes (KIN1, LEA14, LEA76, and CER3) were regulated in transgenic lines under drought stress. In summary, these results suggest that GmWRKY16 as a WRKY TF may promote tolerance to drought and salt stresses through an ABA-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenglin Xia
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhandong Cai
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Nian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang MQ, Huang QX, Lin P, Zeng QH, Li Y, Liu QL, Zhang L, Pan YZ, Jiang BB, Zhang F. The Overexpression of a Transcription Factor Gene VbWRKY32 Enhances the Cold Tolerance in Verbena bonariensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1746. [PMID: 32063911 PMCID: PMC7000379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress poses a serious threat to the survival and bloom of Verbena bonariensis. The enhancement of the cold tolerance of V. bonariensis is the central concern of our research. The WRKY transcription factor (TF) family was paid great attention to in the field of abiotic stress. The VbWRKY32 gene was obtained from V. bonariensis. The VbWRKY32 predicted protein contained two typical WRKY domains and two C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. Under cold stress, VbWRKY32 in leaves was more greatly induced than that in stems and roots. The overexpression (OE) in V. bonariensis increased cold tolerance compared with wild-type (WT). Under cold stress, the OE lines possessed showed greater recovery after cold-treatment restoration ratios, proline content, soluble sugar content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes than WT; the relative electrolyte conductivity (EL), the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2 -) are lower in OE lines than that in WT. In addition, a series of cold-response genes of OE lines were compared with WT. The results revealed that VbWRKY32 worked as a positive regulator by up-regulating transcription levels of cold-responsive genes. The genes above can contribute to the elevation of antioxidant activities, maintain the membrane stability, and raise osmotic regulation ability, leading to the enhancement of the survival capacity under cold stress. According to this work, VbWRKY32 could serve as an essential gene to confer enhanced cold tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-qi Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-xiang Huang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin-han Zeng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Qing-lin Liu,
| | - Qing-lin Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Qing-lin Liu,
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-zhi Pan
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei-bei Jiang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang X, Liu J, Wu L, Wang Z, Zhang S. GbWRKY1, a member of the WRKY transcription factor family identified from Gossypium barbadense, is involved in resistance to Verticillium wilt. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1667873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Genetics Laboratory, College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Genetics Laboratory, College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Lizhu Wu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, PR China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Genetics Laboratory, College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Genetics Laboratory, College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
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Higuera JJ, Garrido-Gala J, Lekhbou A, Arjona-Girona I, Amil-Ruiz F, Mercado JA, Pliego-Alfaro F, Muñoz-Blanco J, López-Herrera CJ, Caballero JL. The Strawberry FaWRKY1 Transcription Factor Negatively Regulates Resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in Fruit Upon Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:480. [PMID: 31057583 PMCID: PMC6482226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) is a major food crop worldwide, due to the flavor, aroma and health benefits of the fruit, but its productivity and quality are seriously limited by a large variety of phytopathogens, including Colletotrichum spp. So far, key factors regulating strawberry immune response remain unknown. The FaWRKY1 gene has been previously proposed as an important element mediating defense responses in strawberry to Colletotrichum acutatum. To get further insight into the functional role that FaWRKY1 plays in the defense mechanism, Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation was used both to silence and overexpress the FaWRKY1 gene in strawberry fruits (Fragaria ×ananassa cv. Primoris), which were later analyzed upon C. acutatum inoculation. Susceptibility tests were performed after pathogen infection comparing the severity of disease between the two agroinfiltrated opposite halves of the same fruit, one half bearing a construct either for FaWRKY1 overexpression or RNAi-mediated silencing and the other half bearing the empty vector, as control. The severity of tissue damage was monitored and found to be visibly reduced at five days after pathogen inoculation in the fruit half where FaWRKY1 was transiently silenced compared to that of the opposite control half and statistical analysis corroborated a significant reduction in disease susceptibility. Contrarily, a similar level of susceptibility was found when FaWRKY1 overexpression and control fruit samples, was compared. These results unravel a negative regulatory role of FaWRKY1 in resistance to the phytopathogenic fungus C. acutatum in strawberry fruit and contrast with the previous role described for this gene in Arabidopsis as positive regulator of resistance against the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae. Based on previous results, a tentative working model for WRKY75 like genes after pathogen infection is proposed and the expression pattern of potential downstream FaWRKY1 target genes was also analyzed in strawberry fruit upon C. acutatum infection. Our results highlight that FaWRKY1 might display different function according to species, plant tissue and/or type of pathogen and underline the intricate FaWRKY1 responsive defense regulatory mechanism taking place in strawberry against this important crop pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Higuera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Garrido-Gala
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ayman Lekhbou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Arjona-Girona
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Amil-Ruiz
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Servicio Central de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José A. Mercado
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Juan Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos J. López-Herrera
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - José L. Caballero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: José L. Caballero,
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Gu L, Ma Q, Zhang C, Wang C, Wei H, Wang H, Yu S. The Cotton GhWRKY91 Transcription Factor Mediates Leaf Senescence and Responses to Drought Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1352. [PMID: 31736997 PMCID: PMC6828947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play essential roles in the plant response to leaf senescence and abiotic stress. However, the WRKY TFs involved in leaf senescence and stress tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are still largely unknown. In this study, a WRKY gene, GhWRKY91, was isolated and thoroughly characterized. Transcriptional activity assays showed that GhWRKY91 could activate transcription in yeast. The expression pattern of GhWRKY91 during leaf senescence, and in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress was evaluated. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) activity driven by the GhWRKY91 promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis was reduced upon exposure to ABA and drought treatments. Constitutive expression of GhWRKY91 in Arabidopsis delayed natural leaf senescence. GhWRKY91 transgenic plants exhibited increased drought tolerance and presented delayed drought-induced leaf senescence, as accompanied by reinforced expression of stress-related genes and attenuated expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs). Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed that GhWRKY91 directly targets GhWRKY17, a gene associated with ABA signals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. A transient dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that GhWRKY91 activated the expression of GhWRKY17. Our results suggest that GhWRKY91 might negatively regulate natural and stress-induced leaf senescence and provide a foundation for further functional studies on leaf senescence and the stress response in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuxun Yu
- *Correspondence: Hantao Wang, ; Shuxun Yu,
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Shi WY, Du YT, Ma J, Min DH, Jin LG, Chen J, Chen M, Zhou YB, Ma YZ, Xu ZS, Zhang XH. The WRKY Transcription Factor GmWRKY12 Confers Drought and Salt Tolerance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4087. [PMID: 30562982 PMCID: PMC6320995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKYs are important regulators in plant development and stress responses. However, knowledge of this superfamily in soybean is limited. In this study, we characterized the drought- and salt-induced gene GmWRKY12 based on RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. GmWRKY12, which is 714 bp in length, encoded 237 amino acids and grouped into WRKY II. The promoter region of GmWRKY12 included ABER4, MYB, MYC, GT-1, W-box and DPBF cis-elements, which possibly participate in abscisic acid (ABA), drought and salt stress responses. GmWRKY12 was minimally expressed in different tissues under normal conditions but highly expressed under drought and salt treatments. As a nucleus protein, GmWRKY12 was responsive to drought, salt, ABA and salicylic acid (SA) stresses. Using a transgenic hairy root assay, we further characterized the roles of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress tolerance. Compared with control (Williams 82), overexpression of GmWRKY12 enhanced drought and salt tolerance, increased proline (Pro) content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content under drought and salt treatment in transgenic soybean seedlings. These results may provide a basis to understand the functions of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress responses in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China.
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yong-Tao Du
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Dong-Hong Min
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Long-Guo Jin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China.
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Wang L, Liu F, Zhang X, Wang W, Sun T, Chen Y, Dai M, Yu S, Xu L, Su Y, Que Y. Expression Characteristics and Functional Analysis of the ScWRKY3 Gene from Sugarcane. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124059. [PMID: 30558233 PMCID: PMC6321069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant-specific WRKY transcriptional regulatory factors have been proven to play vital roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there are few studies on the WRKY gene family in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). In the present study, the characterization of a new subgroup, IIc WRKY protein ScWRKY3, from a Saccharum hybrid cultivar is reported. The ScWRKY3 protein was localized in the nucleus of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and showed no transcriptional activation activity and no toxic effects on the yeast strain Y2HGold. An interaction between ScWRKY3 and a reported sugarcane protein ScWRKY4, was confirmed in the nucleus. The ScWRKY3 gene had the highest expression level in sugarcane stem pith. The transcript of ScWRKY3 was stable in the smut-resistant Saccharum hybrid cultivar Yacheng05-179, while it was down-regulated in the smut-susceptible Saccharum hybrid cultivar ROC22 during inoculation with the smut pathogen (Sporisorium scitamineum) at 0⁻72 h. ScWRKY3 was remarkably up-regulated by sodium chloride (NaCl), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), but it was down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Moreover, transient overexpression of the ScWRKY3 gene in N. benthamiana indicated a negative regulation during challenges with the fungal pathogen Fusarium solani var. coeruleum or the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in N. benthamiana. The findings of the present study should accelerate future research on the identification and functional characterization of the WRKY family in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Tingting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Mingjian Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shengxiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Combinatorial Interactions of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Plants and Their Molecular Mechanisms: Systems Biology Approach. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:636-650. [PMID: 29943149 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants are continually facing biotic and abiotic stresses, and hence, they need to respond and adapt to survive. Plant response during multiple and combined biotic and abiotic stresses is highly complex and varied than the individual stress. These stresses resulted alteration of plant behavior through regulating the levels of microRNA, heat shock proteins, epigenetic variations. These variations can cause many adverse effects on the growth and development of the plant. Further, in natural conditions, several abiotic stresses causing factors make the plant more susceptible to pathogens infections and vice-versa. A very intricate and multifaceted interactions of various biomolecules are involved in metabolic pathways that can direct towards a cross-tolerance and improvement of plant's defence system. Systems biology approach plays a significant role in the investigation of these molecular interactions. The valuable information obtained by systems biology will help to develop stress-resistant plant varieties against multiple stresses. Thus, this review aims to decipher various multilevel interactions at the molecular level under combinatorial biotic and abiotic stresses and the role of systems biology to understand these molecular interactions.
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Bao W, Wang X, Chen M, Chai T, Wang H. A WRKY transcription factor, PcWRKY33, from Polygonum cuspidatum reduces salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1033-1048. [PMID: 29691637 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PcWRKY33 is a transcription factor which can reduce salt tolerance by decreasing the expression of stress-related genes and increasing the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). WRKY transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we report a group I WRKY gene from Polygonum cuspidatum, PcWRKY33, that encodes a nucleoprotein, which specifically binds to the W-box in the promoter of target genes to regulate their expression. The results from qPCR and promoter analysis show that expression of PcWRKY33 can be induced by various abiotic stresses, including NaCl and plant hormones. Overexpression of PcWRKY33 in Arabidopsis thaliana reduced tolerance to salt stress. More specifically, several physiological parameters (such as root length, seed germination rate, seedling survival rate, and chlorophyll concentration) of the transgenic lines were significantly lower than those of the wild type under salt stress. In addition, following exposure to salt stress, transgenic plants showed decreased expression of stress-related genes, a weakened ability to maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis, decreased activities of reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) scavenging enzymes, and increased accumulation of ROS. Taken together, these results suggest that PcWRKY33 negatively regulates the salt tolerance in at least two ways: by down-regulating the induction of stress-related genes and by increasing the level of cellular ROS. In sum, our results indicate that PcWRKY33 is a group I WRKY transcription factor involved in abiotic stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Bao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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Mzid R, Zorrig W, Ben Ayed R, Ben Hamed K, Ayadi M, Damak Y, Lauvergeat V, Hanana M. The grapevine VvWRKY2 gene enhances salt and osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:277. [PMID: 29872608 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to assess the implication of WRKY transcription factor in the molecular mechanisms of grapevine adaptation to salt and water stresses. In this respect, a full-length VvWRKY2 cDNA, isolated from a Vitis vinifera grape berry cDNA library, was constitutively over-expressed in Nicotiana tabacum seedlings. Our results showed that transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher seed germination rates and better growth, under both salt and osmotic stress treatments, when compared to wild type plants. Furthermore, our analyses demonstrated that, under stress conditions, transgenic plants accumulated more osmolytes, such as soluble sugars and free proline, while no changes were observed regarding electrolyte leakage, H2O2, and malondialdehyde contents. The improvement of osmotic adjustment may be an important mechanism underlying the role of VvWRKY2 in promoting tolerance and adaptation to abiotic stresses. Principal component analysis of our results highlighted a clear partition of plant response to stress. On the other hand, we observed a significant adaptation behaviour response for transgenic lines under stress. Taken together, all our findings suggest that over-expression of VvWRKY2 gene has a compelling role in abiotic stress tolerance and, therefore, would provide a useful strategy to promote abiotic stress tolerance in grape via molecular-assisted breeding and/or new biotechnology tools.
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66
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Cao W, Wang Y, Shi M, Hao X, Zhao W, Wang Y, Ren J, Kai G. Transcription Factor SmWRKY1 Positively Promotes the Biosynthesis of Tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:554. [PMID: 29755494 PMCID: PMC5934499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones, one group of bioactive diterpenes, were widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. WRKYs play important roles in plant metabolism, but their regulation mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza remains elusive. In this study, one WRKY transcription factor SmWRKY1 was isolated and functionally characterized from S. miltiorrhiza. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed SmWRKY1 shared high homology with other plant WRKYs such as CrWRKY1. SmWRKY1 was found predominantly expressed in leaves and stems, and was responsive to salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and nitric oxide (NO) treatment. Subcellular localization analysis found that SmWRKY1 was localized in the nucleus. Over-expression of SmWRKY1 significantly elevated the transcripts of genes coding for enzymes in the MEP pathway especially 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (SmDXS) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (SmDXR), resulted in over fivefold increase in tanshinones production in transgenic lines (up to 13.7 mg/g DW) compared with the control lines. A dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC) assay showed that SmWRKY1 can positively regulate SmDXR expression by binding to its promoter. Our work revealed that SmWRKY1 participated in the regulation of tanshinones biosynthesis and acted as a positive regulator through activating SmDXR in the MEP pathway, thus provided a new insight to further explore the regulation mechanism of tanshinones biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Cao
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Ullah A, Sun H, Yang X, Zhang X. A novel cotton WRKY gene, GhWRKY6-like, improves salt tolerance by activating the ABA signaling pathway and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:439-454. [PMID: 29027659 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are transcriptional regulators of signaling pathways involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we report that ectopic expression of the GhWRKY6-like gene significantly improved salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana while silencing the GhWRKY6-like increase the sensitivity to abiotic stresses in cotton. GhWRKY6-like was localized to the nucleus. Expression of GhWRKY6-like was remarkably induced by salt, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. For further characterization, the GhWRKY6-like gene was cloned and transformed into Arabidopsis. Our findings showed that the germination rate and root length were significantly improved in plants overexpressing GhWRKY6-like vs wild type (WT) under salt, mannitol and ABA treatments. Additionally, the overexpressing lines showed greater salt tolerance than WT plants in soil. In addition, overexpressing plants accumulated less H2 O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), while higher proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were detected under salt and osmotic stresses. In contrast, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GhWRKY6-like in cotton showed enhanced sensitivity compared to WT plants during salt and drought stresses. Additionally, expression analysis of stress-responsive genes in GhWRKY6-like Arabidopsis revealed that there was increased expression of genes involved in the ABA signaling pathway (AtABF4, AtABI5 and AtMYC2) and osmotic stress (AtSOS2, AtRD29a and AtRD29b). Our results revealed that GhWRKY6-like enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis by scavenging reactive oxygen species and regulating the ABA signaling pathway. We suggest that overexpression of the GhWRKY6-like gene in cotton will enhance tolerance against salt, drought and osmotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ullah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Heng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Karkute SG, Gujjar RS, Rai A, Akhtar M, Singh M, Singh B. Genome wide expression analysis of WRKY genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under drought stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ashraf J, Zuo D, Wang Q, Malik W, Zhang Y, Abid MA, Cheng H, Yang Q, Song G. Recent insights into cotton functional genomics: progress and future perspectives. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:699-713. [PMID: 29087016 PMCID: PMC5814580 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics has transformed from futuristic concept to well-established scientific discipline during the last decade. Cotton functional genomics promise to enhance the understanding of fundamental plant biology to systematically exploit genetic resources for the improvement of cotton fibre quality and yield, as well as utilization of genetic information for germplasm improvement. However, determining the cotton gene functions is a much more challenging task, which has not progressed at a rapid pace. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the recent tools and resources available with the major advances in cotton functional genomics to develop elite cotton genotypes. This effort ultimately helps to filter a subset of genes that can be used to assemble a final list of candidate genes that could be employed in future novel cotton breeding programme. We argue that next stage of cotton functional genomics requires the draft genomes refinement, re-sequencing broad diversity panels with the development of high-throughput functional genomics tools and integrating multidisciplinary approaches in upcoming cotton improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Waqas Malik
- Genomics LabDepartment of Plant Breeding and GeneticsFaculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPunjabPakistan
| | - Youping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Muhammad Ali Abid
- Genomics LabDepartment of Plant Breeding and GeneticsFaculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPunjabPakistan
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Guoli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
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Gu L, Li L, Wei H, Wang H, Su J, Guo Y, Yu S. Identification of the group IIa WRKY subfamily and the functional analysis of GhWRKY17 in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191681. [PMID: 29370286 PMCID: PMC5784973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant defense, stress response, leaf senescence, and plant growth and development. Previous studies have revealed the important roles of the group IIa GhWRKY genes in cotton. To comprehensively analyze the group IIa GhWRKY genes in upland cotton, we identified 15 candidate group IIa GhWRKY genes in the Gossypium hirsutum genome. The phylogenetic tree, intron-exon structure, motif prediction and Ka/Ks analyses indicated that most group IIa GhWRKY genes shared high similarity and conservation and underwent purifying selection during evolution. In addition, we detected the expression patterns of several group IIa GhWRKY genes in individual tissues as well as during leaf senescence using public RNA sequencing data and real-time quantitative PCR. To better understand the functions of group IIa GhWRKYs in cotton, GhWRKY17 (KF669857) was isolated from upland cotton, and its sequence alignment, promoter cis-acting elements and subcellular localization were characterized. Moreover, the over-expression of GhWRKY17 in Arabidopsis up-regulated the senescence-associated genes AtWRKY53, AtSAG12 and AtSAG13, enhancing the plant’s susceptibility to leaf senescence. These findings lay the foundation for further analysis and study of the functions of WRKY genes in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Libei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Junji Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yaning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
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Jing Z, Liu Z. Genome-wide identification of WRKY transcription factors in kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) and analysis of WRKY expression in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:429-446. [PMID: 29892845 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As one of the largest transcriptional factor families in plants, WRKY transcription factors play important roles in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. To date, WRKY genes in kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) remain poorly understood. In our study, o total of 97 AcWRKY genes have been identified in the kiwifruit genome. An overview of these AcWRKY genes is analyzed, including the phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron structures, synteny and expression profiles. The 97 AcWRKY genes were divided into three groups based on the conserved WRKY domain. Synteny analysis indicated that segmental duplication events contributed to the expansion of the kiwifruit AcWRKY family. In addition, the synteny analysis between kiwifruit and Arabidopsis suggested that some of the AcWRKY genes were derived from common ancestors before the divergence of these two species. Conserved motifs outside the AcWRKY domain may reflect their functional conservation. Genome-wide segmental and tandem duplication were found, which may contribute to the expansion of AcWRKY genes. Furthermore, the analysis of selected AcWRKY genes showed a variety of expression patterns in five different organs as well as during biotic and abiotic stresses. The genome-wide identification and characterization of kiwifruit WRKY transcription factors provides insight into the evolutionary history and is a useful resource for further functional analyses of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Jing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Weinan Vocational and Technical College, Weinan Fruit Industry Institute, Weinan, 714026, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhande Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Kiranmai K, Lokanadha Rao G, Pandurangaiah M, Nareshkumar A, Amaranatha Reddy V, Lokesh U, Venkatesh B, Anthony Johnson AM, Sudhakar C. A Novel WRKY Transcription Factor, MuWRKY3 ( Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. Verdc.) Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:346. [PMID: 29616059 PMCID: PMC5864901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress has adverse effects on growth, water relations, photosynthesis and yield of groundnut. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are the plant-specific TFs which regulate several down-stream stress-responsive genes and play an essential role in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. We found that WRKY3 gene is highly up-regulated under drought stress conditions and therefore isolated a new WRKY3TF gene from a drought-adapted horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. Verdc.). Conserved domain studies revealed that protein encoded by this gene contains highly conserved regions of two WRKY domains and two C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. The fusion protein localization studies of transient MuWRKY3-YFP revealed its nuclear localization. Overexpression of MuWRKY3 TF gene in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) showed increased tolerance to drought stress compared to wild-type (WT) plants. MuWRKY3 groundnut transgenics displayed lesser and delayed wilting symptoms than WT plants after 10-days of drought stress imposition. The transgenic groundnut plants expressing MuWRKY3 showed less accumulation of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2∙-), accompanied by more free proline, total soluble sugar content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes than WT plants under drought stress. Moreover, a series of stress-related LEA, HSP, MIPS, APX, SOD, and CAT genes found up-regulated in the transgenic groundnut plants. The study demonstrates that nuclear-localized MuWRKY3 TF regulates the expression of stress-responsive genes and the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes which results in improved drought tolerance in groundnut. We conclude that MuWRKY3 may serve as a new putative candidate gene for the improvement of stress resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurnool Kiranmai
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - Gunupuru Lokanadha Rao
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Merum Pandurangaiah
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - Ambekar Nareshkumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | | | - Uppala Lokesh
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - Boya Venkatesh
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - A. M. Anthony Johnson
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - Chinta Sudhakar
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
- *Correspondence: Chinta Sudhakar,
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73
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Wang C, Lu G, Hao Y, Guo H, Guo Y, Zhao J, Cheng H. ABP9, a maize bZIP transcription factor, enhances tolerance to salt and drought in transgenic cotton. PLANTA 2017; 246:453-469. [PMID: 28474114 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ABP9 , encoding a bZIP transcription factor from maize, enhances tolerance to multiple stresses and may participate in the ABA signaling pathway in transgenic cotton by altering physiological and biochemical processes and stress-related gene expression. Abiotic stresses, such as soil salinity and drought, negatively affect growth, development, and yield in cotton. Gene ABP9, which encodes a bZIP transcription factor, binds to the abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive-element (ABRE2) motif of the maize catalase1 gene. Its expression significantly improves tolerance in Arabidopsis to multiple abiotic stresses, but little is known about its role in cotton. In the present study, the ABP9 gene was introduced into upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar R15 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and 12 independent transgenic cotton lines were obtained. Cotton plants over-expressing ABP9 have enhanced tolerance to salt and osmotic stress. Under stress, they developed better root systems in a greenhouse and higher germination, reduced stomatal aperture, and stomatal density in a growth chamber. Under drought conditions, survival rate and relative water content (RWC) of transgenic cotton were higher than those of R15 plants. Under salt and osmotic stresses, chlorophyll, proline, and soluble sugar contents significantly increased in transgenic cotton leaves and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower than in R15. Overexpression of ABP9 also enhanced oxidative stress tolerance, reduced cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through increased activities of antioxidative enzymes, and alleviated oxidative damage to cell. Interestingly, ABP9 over-expressing cotton was more sensitive to exogenous ABA than R15 at seed germination, root growth, stomatal aperture, and stomatal density. Moreover, ABP9 overexpression upregulated significantly the transcription levels of stress-related genes such as GhDBP2, GhNCED2, GhZFP1, GhERF1, GhHB1, and GhSAP1 under salt treatment. Conjointly, these results showed that overexpression of ABP9 conferred enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in cotton. The stress-tolerant transgenic lines provide valuable resources for cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Hao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang C, Wang D, Yang C, Kong N, Shi Z, Zhao P, Nan Y, Nie T, Wang R, Ma H, Chen Q. Genome-wide identification of the potato WRKY transcription factor family. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181573. [PMID: 28727761 PMCID: PMC5519183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play pivotal roles in regulation of stress responses. This study identified 79 WRKY genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic relationships, WRKY genes were classified into three major groups. The majority of WRKY genes belonged to Group II (52 StWRKYs), Group III had 14 and Group I consisted of 13. The phylogenetic tree further classified Group II into five sub-groups. All StWRKY genes except StWRKY79 were mapped on potato chromosomes, with eight tandem duplication gene pairs and seven segmental duplication gene pairs found from StWRKY family genes. The expression analysis of 22 StWRKYs showed their differential expression levels under various stress conditions. Cis-element prediction showed that a large number of elements related to drought, heat and salicylic acid were present in the promotor regions of StWRKY genes. The expression analysis indicated that seven StWRKYs seemed to respond to stress (heat, drought and salinity) and salicylic acid treatment. These genes are candidates for abiotic stress signaling for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenghui Yang
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nana Kong
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunyou Nan
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tengkun Nie
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruoqiu Wang
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoli Ma
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (HM); (QC)
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (HM); (QC)
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75
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Kage U, Yogendra KN, Kushalappa AC. TaWRKY70 transcription factor in wheat QTL-2DL regulates downstream metabolite biosynthetic genes to resist Fusarium graminearum infection spread within spike. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42596. [PMID: 28198421 PMCID: PMC5309853 DOI: 10.1038/srep42596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A semi-comprehensive metabolomics was used to identify the candidate metabolites and genes to decipher mechanisms of resistance in wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing QTL-2DL against Fusarium graminearum (Fg). Metabolites, with high fold-change in abundance, belonging to hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs): such as coumaroylagmatine, coumaroylputrescine and Fatty acids: phosphatidic acids (PAs) were identified as resistance related induced (RRI) metabolites in rachis of resistant NIL (NIL-R), inoculated with Fg. A WRKY like transcription factor (TF) was identified within the QTL-2DL region, along with three resistance genes that biosynthesized RRI metabolites. Sequencing and in-silico analysis of WRKY confirmed it to be wheat TaWRKY70. Quantitative real time-PCR studies showed a higher expression of TaWRKY70 in NIL-R as compared to NIL-S after Fg inoculation. Further, the functional validation of TaWRKY70 based on virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) in NIL-R, not only confirmed an increased fungal biomass but also decreased expressions of downstream resistance genes: TaACT, TaDGK and TaGLI1, along with decreased abundances of RRI metabolites biosynthesized by them. Among more than 200 FHB resistance QTL identified in wheat, this is the first QTL from which a TF was identified, and its downstream target genes as well as the FHB resistance functions were deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaykumar Kage
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, 2111 Lakeshore road, Sainte Anne De Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X3V9
| | - Kalenahalli N. Yogendra
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, 2111 Lakeshore road, Sainte Anne De Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X3V9
| | - Ajjamada C. Kushalappa
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, 2111 Lakeshore road, Sainte Anne De Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X3V9
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76
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Jiang J, Ma S, Ye N, Jiang M, Cao J, Zhang J. WRKY transcription factors in plant responses to stresses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:86-101. [PMID: 27995748 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY gene family is among the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) in higher plants. By regulating the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, these TFs play critical roles in some plant processes in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Various bodies of research have demonstrated the important biological functions of WRKY TFs in plant response to different kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses and working mechanisms. However, very little summarization has been done to review their research progress. Not just important TFs function in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, WRKY also participates in carbohydrate synthesis, senescence, development, and secondary metabolites synthesis. WRKY proteins can bind to W-box (TGACC (A/T)) in the promoter of its target genes and activate or repress the expression of downstream genes to regulate their stress response. Moreover, WRKY proteins can interact with other TFs to regulate plant defensive responses. In the present review, we focus on the structural characteristics of WRKY TFs and the research progress on their functions in plant responses to a variety of stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shenghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nenghui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Ecology Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology Shenzhen Base, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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77
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Wu J, Chen J, Wang L, Wang S. Genome-Wide Investigation of WRKY Transcription Factors Involved in Terminal Drought Stress Response in Common Bean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:380. [PMID: 28386267 PMCID: PMC5362628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factor plays a key role in drought stress. However, the characteristics of the WRKY gene family in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are unknown. In this study, we identified 88 complete WRKY proteins from the draft genome sequence of the "G19833" common bean. The predicted genes were non-randomly distributed in all chromosomes. Basic information, amino acid motifs, phylogenetic tree and the expression patterns of PvWRKY genes were analyzed, and the proteins were classified into groups 1, 2, and 3. Group 2 was further divided into five subgroups: 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, and 2e. Finally, we detected 19 WRKY genes that were responsive to drought stress using qRT-PCR; 11 were down-regulated, and 8 were up-regulated under drought stress. This study comprehensively examines WRKY proteins in the common bean, a model food legume, and it provides a foundation for the functional characterization of the WRKY family and opportunities for understanding the mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - Jibao Chen
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University,Nanyang, China
| | - Lanfen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shumin Wang,
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78
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Genome-wide Identification and Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Analysis of WRKY Components of Mulberry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30794. [PMID: 27477686 PMCID: PMC4967854 DOI: 10.1038/srep30794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry is known to be sensitive to several biotic and abiotic stresses, which in turn have a direct impact on the yield of silk, because it is the sole food source for the silk worm. WRKYs are a family of transcription factors, which play an important role in combating various biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 54 genes with conserved WRKY motifs in the Morus notabilis genome. Motif searches coupled with a phylogenetic analysis revealed seven sub-groups as well as the absence of members of Group Ib in mulberry. Analyses of the 2K upstream region in addition to a gene ontology terms enrichment analysis revealed putative functions of mulberry WRKYs under biotic and abiotic stresses. An RNA-seq-based analysis showed that several of the identified WRKYs have shown preferential expression in the leaf, bark, root, male flower, and winter bud of M. notabilis. Finally, expression analysis by qPCR under different stress and hormone treatments revealed genotype-specific responses. Taken together, our results briefs about the genome-wide identification of WRKYs as well as their differential response to stresses and hormones. Importantly, these data can also be utilized to identify potential molecular targets for conferring tolerance to various stresses in mulberry.
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79
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He GH, Xu JY, Wang YX, Liu JM, Li PS, Chen M, Ma YZ, Xu ZS. Drought-responsive WRKY transcription factor genes TaWRKY1 and TaWRKY33 from wheat confer drought and/or heat resistance in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:116. [PMID: 27215938 PMCID: PMC4877946 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is one of the major causes of crop loss. WRKY transcription factors, as one of the largest transcription factor families, play important roles in regulation of many plant processes, including drought stress response. However, far less information is available on drought-responsive WRKY genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the three staple food crops. RESULTS Forty eight putative drought-induced WRKY genes were identified from a comparison between de novo transcriptome sequencing data of wheat without or with drought treatment. TaWRKY1 and TaWRKY33 from WRKY Groups III and II, respectively, were selected for further investigation. Subcellular localization assays revealed that TaWRKY1 and TaWRKY33 were localized in the nuclei in wheat mesophyll protoplasts. Various abiotic stress-related cis-acting elements were observed in the promoters of TaWRKY1 and TaWRKY33. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that TaWRKY1 was slightly up-regulated by high-temperature and abscisic acid (ABA), and down-regulated by low-temperature. TaWRKY33 was involved in high responses to high-temperature, low-temperature, ABA and jasmonic acid methylester (MeJA). Overexpression of TaWRKY1 and TaWRKY33 activated several stress-related downstream genes, increased germination rates, and promoted root growth in Arabidopsis under various stresses. TaWRKY33 transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed lower rates of water loss than TaWRKY1 transgenic Arabidopsis lines and wild type plants during dehydration. Most importantly, TaWRKY33 transgenic lines exhibited enhanced tolerance to heat stress. CONCLUSIONS The functional roles highlight the importance of WRKYs in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua He
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Research Center of Wheat Engineering Technology of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050041, China
| | - Jia-Ming Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pan-Song Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
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80
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Phukan UJ, Jeena GS, Shukla RK. WRKY Transcription Factors: Molecular Regulation and Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:760. [PMID: 27375634 PMCID: PMC4891567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants in their natural habitat have to face multiple stresses simultaneously. Evolutionary adaptation of developmental, physiological, and biochemical parameters give advantage over a single window of stress but not multiple. On the other hand transcription factors like WRKY can regulate diverse responses through a complicated network of genes. So molecular orchestration of WRKYs in plant may provide the most anticipated outcome of simultaneous multiple responses. Activation or repression through W-box and W-box like sequences is regulated at transcriptional, translational, and domain level. Because of the tight regulation involved in specific recognition and binding of WRKYs to downstream promoters, they have become promising candidate for crop improvement. Epigenetic, retrograde and proteasome mediated regulation enable WRKYs to attain the dynamic cellular homeostatic reprograming. Overexpression of several WRKYs face the paradox of having several beneficial affects but with some unwanted traits. These overexpression-associated undesirable phenotypes need to be identified and removed for proper growth, development and yeild. Taken together, we have highlighted the diverse regulation and multiple stress response of WRKYs in plants along with the future prospects in this field of research.
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81
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Chen C, Sun X, Duanmu H, Zhu D, Yu Y, Cao L, Liu A, Jia B, Xiao J, Zhu Y. GsCML27, a Gene Encoding a Calcium-Binding Ef-Hand Protein from Glycine soja, Plays Differential Roles in Plant Responses to Bicarbonate, Salt and Osmotic Stresses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141888. [PMID: 26550992 PMCID: PMC4638360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium, as the most widely accepted messenger, plays an important role in plant stress responses through calcium-dependent signaling pathways. The calmodulin-like family genes (CMLs) encode Ca2+ sensors and function in signaling transduction in response to environmental stimuli. However, until now, the function of plant CML proteins, especially soybean CMLs, is largely unknown. Here, we isolated a Glycine soja CML protein GsCML27, with four conserved EF-hands domains, and identified it as a calcium-binding protein through far-UV CD spectroscopy. We further found that expression of GsCML27 was induced by bicarbonate, salt and osmotic stresses. Interestingly, ectopic expression of GsCML27 in Arabidopsis enhanced plant tolerance to bicarbonate stress, but decreased the salt and osmotic tolerance during the seed germination and early growth stages. Furthermore, we found that ectopic expression of GsCML27 decreases salt tolerance through modifying both the cellular ionic (Na+, K+) content and the osmotic stress regulation. GsCML27 ectopic expression also decreased the expression levels of osmotic stress-responsive genes. Moreover, we also showed that GsCML27 localized in the whole cell, including cytoplasm, plasma membrane and nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplasts and onion epidermal cells, and displayed high expression in roots and embryos. Together, these data present evidence that GsCML27 as a Ca2+-binding EF-hand protein plays a role in plant responses to bicarbonate, salt and osmotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Agronomy College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Huizi Duanmu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Ailin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Bowei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jialei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
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