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Ferreira-Gomes J, Garcia MM, Nascimento D, Almeida L, Quesada E, Castro-Lopes JM, Pascual D, Goicoechea C, Neto FL. TLR4 Antagonism Reduces Movement-Induced Nociception and ATF-3 Expression in Experimental Osteoarthritis. J Pain Res 2021; 14:2615-2627. [PMID: 34466029 PMCID: PMC8403032 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s317877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor involved in the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), but also a "danger-sensing" receptor that recognizes host-derived endogenous molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The involvement of TLR4 in rheumatic diseases is becoming evident, as well as its potential role as a target for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, increasing evidence also suggests that TLR4 is implicated in chronic pain states. Thus, in this study, we evaluated whether a systemic administration of a synthetic antagonist of TLR4 (TLR4-A1) could decrease nociception and cartilage degradation in experimental osteoarthritis (OA). Furthermore, as the activation transcription factor (ATF)-3 serves as a negative regulator for TLR4-stimulated inflammatory response, we also evaluated the effect of TLR4 inhibition on ATF-3 expression in primary afferent neurons at the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Methods OA was induced in adult male Wistar rats through an intra-articular injection of 2 mg of sodium mono-iodoacetate (MIA) into the left knee. From days 14 to 28 after OA induction, animals received an intraperitoneal injection of either TLR4-A1 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. Movement- and loading-induced nociception was evaluated in all animals, by the Knee-Bend and CatWalk tests, before and at several time-points after TLR4-A1/vehicle administration. Immunofluorescence for TLR4 and ATF-3 was performed in L3-L5 DRG. Knee joints were processed for histopathological evaluation. Results Administration of TLR4-A1 markedly reduced movement-induced nociception in OA animals, particularly in the Knee-Bend test. Moreover, the increase of ATF-3 expression observed in DRG of OA animals was significantly reduced by TLR4-A1. However, no effect was observed in cartilage loss nor in the neuronal cytoplasmic expression of TLR4 upon antagonist administration. Conclusion The TLR4 antagonist administration possibly interrupts the TLR4 signalling cascade, thus decreasing the neurotoxic environment at the joint, which leads to a reduction in ATF-3 expression and in nociception associated with experimental OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira-Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Garcia
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Madrid, Spain.,High Performance Experimental Pharmacology research group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Diana Nascimento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia Almeida
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ernesto Quesada
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José Manuel Castro-Lopes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Pascual
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Madrid, Spain.,High Performance Experimental Pharmacology research group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Madrid, Spain.,High Performance Experimental Pharmacology research group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Fani Lourença Neto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Misery L, Brenaut E, Pierre O, Le Garrec R, Gouin O, Lebonvallet N, Abasq-Thomas C, Talagas M, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Besner-Morin C, Fluhr JW, Leven C. Chronic itch: emerging treatments following new research concepts. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4775-4791. [PMID: 34463358 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, itch pathophysiology was poorly understood and treatments were poorly effective in relieving itch. Current progress in our knowledge of the itch processing, the numerous mediators and receptors involved has led to a large variety of possible therapeutic pathways. Currently, inhibitors of IL-31, IL-4/13, NK1 receptors, opioids and cannabinoids, JAK, PDE4 or TRP are the main compounds involved in clinical trials. However, many new targets, such as Mas-related GPCRs and unexpected new pathways need to be also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- LIEN, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Emilie Brenaut
- LIEN, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Gouin
- LIEN, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Abasq-Thomas
- LIEN, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Matthieu Talagas
- LIEN, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Catherine Besner-Morin
- LIEN, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France.,Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joachim W Fluhr
- LIEN, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cyril Leven
- LIEN, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,EA3878, FCRIN INNOVTE, groupe d'étude thrombose Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmaco-Toxicology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
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53
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Cortical representation of experimental periodontal pain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15738. [PMID: 34344918 PMCID: PMC8333250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate central pain representations during loading of the periodontium induced by orthodontic and occlusal stress. Nineteen healthy male volunteers (25.7 ± 2.8 years) were tested on two consecutive days: after phenotyping (questionnaires) and determination of warmth (WPT) and heat (HPT) pain thresholds, functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed as event-related paradigm including 36 tooth clenchings of 3 s duration, alternating with rest periods varying between 20–30 s. The task was performed in absence (T1) and 24 h after placement of an elastic separator between the second bicuspid and the first molar on the right side of the lower jaw (T2). No significant changes in WPT and HPT were observed but pain ratings were significantly elevated at T2. Significantly elevated activation at T2, as compared to T1, was found in bilateral sensorimotor cortex, bilateral secondary sensory cortex, supplementary motor area, right rolandic operculum, and bilateral insula. Our data show for the first time in humans that periodontal stimulation, as tested by tooth clenching in the presence of an elastic separator, goes along with specific expressions of pain at behavioral and neuronal network levels. Findings supplement the existing neuroimaging literature on odontogenic pain.
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Abstract
Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system have been described mostly in the context of diseases. More recent studies have begun to reveal how certain immune cell-derived soluble effectors, the cytokines, can influence host behaviour even in the absence of infection. In this Review, we contemplate how the immune system shapes nervous system function and how it controls the manifestation of host behaviour. Interactions between these two highly complex systems are discussed here also in the context of evolution, as both may have evolved to maximize an organism's ability to respond to environmental threats in order to survive. We describe how the immune system relays information to the nervous system and how cytokine signalling occurs in neurons. We also speculate on how the brain may be hardwired to receive and process information from the immune system. Finally, we propose a unified theory depicting a co-evolution of the immune system and host behaviour in response to the evolutionary pressure of pathogens.
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55
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Shiro Y, Arai YC, Ikemoto T, Ueda W, Ushida T. Correlation Between Gut Microbiome Composition and Acute Pain Perception in Young Healthy Male Subjects. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 22:1522-1531. [PMID: 33260215 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, there has been growing interest in the gut-brain axis because it is emerging as a player influencing the health status of the host human. It is a known fact that the gut microbiome (GM) through the gut-brain axis has been implicated in numerous diseases. We previously reported that stool condition was associated with pain perception. Stool consistency and constipation are known to be associated with GM composition. Thus, we imagine that GM composition could influence pain perception. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between GM composition and pain perception and psychological states in young healthy male subjects. SUBJECTS A total of 42 healthy young male volunteers completed the present study. METHODS The volunteers' pain perceptions were assessed by pressure pain threshold, current perception threshold, temporal summation of pain, and conditioned pain modulation, and a questionnaire on psychological state was obtained. During the current perception threshold examination, we used 5, 250, and 2,000 Hz to stimulate C, Aδ, and Aβ fibers. In addition, GM composition was evaluated by using 16S rRNA analysis. RESULTS Pressure pain threshold showed a significant and negative correlation with Bacteroidetes phylum, in contrast to a significant and positive correlation with Firmicutes phylum. Current perception threshold of Aδ and Firmicutes phylum showed a significant correlation. There was a negative correlation between anxiety state and Bifidobacterium genus. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between psychological states and pain perceptions. CONCLUSION The present study showed that acute pain perception was associated with GM composition in young healthy males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Shiro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Young-Chang Arai
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Institute of Physical Fitness, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Ikemoto
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Wasa Ueda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hosogi Hospital, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ushida
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Institute of Physical Fitness, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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56
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Han X, Shao J, Ren X, Li Y, Yu W, Lin C, Li L, Sun Y, Xu B, Luo H, Zhu C, Cao J, Li Z. The different mechanisms of peripheral and central TLR4 on chronic postsurgical pain in rats. J Anat 2021; 239:111-124. [PMID: 33730389 PMCID: PMC8197940 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a common complication after surgery; however, the underlying mechanisms of CPSP are poorly understood. As one of the most important inflammatory pathways, the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway plays an important role in chronic pain. However, the precise role of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in CPSP remains unclear. In the present study, we established a rat model of CPSP induced by skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) and verified the effects and mechanisms of central and peripheral TLR4 and NF-κB on hyperalgesia in SMIR rats. The results showed that TLR4 expression was increased in both the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of SMIR rats. However, the TLR4 expression pattern in the spinal cord was different from that in DRGs. In the spinal cord, TLR4 was expressed in both neurons and microglia, whereas it was expressed in neurons but not in satellite glial cells in DRGs. Further results demonstrate that the central and peripheral TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the SMIR-induced CPSP by different mechanisms. In the peripheral nervous system, we revealed that the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway induced upregulation of voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) in DRGs, triggering peripheral hyperalgesia in SMIR-induced CPSP. In the central nervous system, the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway participated in SMIR-induced CPSP by activating microglia in the spinal cord. Ultimately, our findings demonstrated that activation of the peripheral and central TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway involved in the development of SMIR-induced CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
| | - Jinping Shao
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yaru Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Caihong Lin
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of AnesthesiologyGeneral Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLAGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Luo
- Klinik für AugenheilkundeCharité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthGermany
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyGothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhisong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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57
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Yang X, Zhu L, Zhao B, Hu J, Deng F, Lei S, Yao ZW, Liu K. Screening and Identification of Key Genes, Pathways, and Drugs Associated with Neuropathic Pain in Dorsal Horn: Evidence from Bioinformatic Analysis. J Pain Res 2021; 14:1813-1826. [PMID: 34168490 PMCID: PMC8217596 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s312117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neuropathic pain is a devastating complex condition occurring post-nervous system damage. Microglia in dorsal horn drives neuropathic pain as a kind of immune cell. We aimed to find potential differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and candidate pathways, which induced neuropathic pain, and to identify some new transcription factors and therapeutic drugs via bioinformatic analysis. Methods The microarray profile GSE60670 was downloaded and analyzed. DEGs were screened and analyzed through Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) network. Respectively, transcription factors (TFs) and potential therapeutic drugs for DEGs were predicted through NetworkAnalyst and DGIdb databases. At last, we chose top 10 DEGs for external validation. Results A total of 100 DEGs were identified. The results of pathway and GO analyses were closely related to malaria inflammatory pathway and inflammatory response. Three necessary PPI modules and 9 hub genes were identified in PPI analysis, and 277 DEG-TF pairs were found among 54 DEGs and 32 TF. Moreover, 22 candidate drugs were found to match 9 hub genes. External validation of 9 of the top 10 DEGs were consistent with bioinformatic analysis. Conclusion This study provided comprehensive analyses for the functional gene sets and pathways related to neuropathic pain and promoted our understanding of the mechanism or therapy of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingcheng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wen Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Kim HS, Hashimoto T, Fischer K, Bernigaud C, Chosidow O, Yosipovitch G. Scabies itch: an update on neuroimmune interactions and novel targets. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1765-1776. [PMID: 33960033 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frequently described as 'the worst itch' one can ever experience scabies itch is the hallmark of Sarcoptes scabiei mite infestation. Notably, the itchiness often persists for weeks despite scabicides therapy. The mechanism of scabies itch is not yet fully understood, and effective treatment modalities are still missing which can severely affect the quality of life. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the scope of itch in scabies and highlight candidate mechanisms underlying this itch. We herein discuss scabies itch, with a focus on the nature, candidate underlying mechanisms and treatment options. We also synthesize this information with current understanding of the mechanisms contributing to non-histaminergic itch in other conditions. Itch is a major problem in scabies and can lead to grave consequences. We provide the latest insights on host-mite interaction, secondary microbial infection and neural sensitization with special emphasis on keratinocytes and mast cells to better understand the mechanism of itch in scabies. Also, the most relevant current modalities remaining under investigation that possess promising perspectives for scabies itch (i.e. protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) inhibitor, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) antagonist) are discussed. Greater understanding of these diverse mechanisms may provide a rational basis for the development of improved and targeted approaches to control itch in individuals with scabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Dr Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Fischer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Bernigaud
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil et Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,Research Group Dynamic, EA7380, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, USC ANSES, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - O Chosidow
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil et Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,Research Group Dynamic, EA7380, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, USC ANSES, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - G Yosipovitch
- Dr Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Driving effect of BDNF in the spinal dorsal horn on neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2021; 756:135965. [PMID: 34022262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by direct or indirect damage to the nervous system and is a common symptom of many diseases. The mechanisms underlying the onset and persistence of NP are unclear. Therefore, research concerning these mechanisms has become an important focus in the medical field. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophic factor family of signaling molecules. BDNF is an important regulator of neuronal development, synaptic transmission, and cellular and synaptic plasticity, which are essential for nerve maintenance and repair. However, BDNF is upregulated in the spinal dorsal horn and can promote NP by activating glial cells, reducing inhibitory functions and enhancing excitement after nociceptive stimulation. This review considers the relationship between NP and BDNF signaling in the spinal dorsal horn and discusses potentially related pathological mechanisms.
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60
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Uhelski ML, Li Y, Fonseca MM, Romero-Snadoval EA, Dougherty PM. Role of innate immunity in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135941. [PMID: 33961945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that the innate immune system plays an essential role in the generation of many types of neuropathic pain including that which accompanies cancer treatment. In this article we review current findings of the role of the innate immune system in contributing to cancer treatment pain at the distal endings of peripheral nerve, in the nerve trunk, in the dorsal root ganglion and in the spinal dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Uhelski
- The Department of Pain Medicine Research, The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Yan Li
- The Department of Pain Medicine Research, The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Miriam M Fonseca
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Patrick M Dougherty
- The Department of Pain Medicine Research, The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States.
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61
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Jiang ZJ, Li QY, Zhang YY, Zeng MX, Hu H, Zhang FM, Bi LB, Gu JH, Liu XJ. Deletion of MyD88 adaptor in nociceptor alleviates low-dose formalin-induced acute pain and persistent pain in mice. Neuroreport 2021; 32:378-385. [PMID: 33661805 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor mediates signaling by Toll-like receptors and some interleukins (ILs) in neural and non-neuronal cells. Recently, MyD88 protein was found to express in primary sensory neurons and be involved in the maintenance of persistent pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant, chronic constriction injury and chemotherapy treatment in rodents. However, whether MyD88 in nociceptive neurons contributes to persistent pain induced by intraplantar injection of formalin remains elusive. Here, using conditional knockout (CKO) mice, we found that selective deletion of Myd88 in Nav1.8-expressing primary nociceptive neurons led to reduced pain response in the recovery phase of 1% formalin-induced mechanical pain and impaired the persistent thermal pain. Moreover, CKO mice exhibited reduced phase II pain response in 1%, but not 5%, formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain. Finally, nociceptor MyD88 deletion resulted in less neuronal c-Fos activation in spinal dorsal horns following 1% formalin stimulation. These data suggest that MyD88 in nociceptive neurons is not only involved in persistent mechanical pain but also promotes the transition from acute inflammatory pain to persistent thermal hyperalgesia induced by low-dose formalin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Jie Jiang
- Pain and Related Disease Research Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province
| | - Qing-Yi Li
- Pain and Related Disease Research Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing
| | - Mei-Xing Zeng
- Pain and Related Disease Research Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province
| | - Han Hu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Ming Zhang
- Pain and Related Disease Research Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province
| | - Ling-Bo Bi
- Pain and Related Disease Research Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province
| | - Jia-Hui Gu
- Pain and Related Disease Research Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province
| | - Xing-Jun Liu
- Pain and Related Disease Research Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province
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Sensory neuron-associated macrophages as novel modulators of neuropathic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e873. [PMID: 33981924 PMCID: PMC8108583 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system comprises an infinity of neural networks that act in the communication between the central nervous system and the most diverse tissues of the body. Along with the extension of the primary sensory neurons (axons and cell bodies), a population of resident macrophages has been described. These newly called sensory neuron-associated macrophages (sNAMs) seem to play an essential role in physiological and pathophysiological processes, including infection, autoimmunity, nerve degeneration/regeneration, and chronic neuropathic pain. After different types of peripheral nerve injury, there is an increase in the number and activation of sNAMs in the sciatic nerve and sensory ganglia. The activation of sNAMs and their participation in neuropathic pain development depends on the stimulation of pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors and Nod-like receptors, chemokines/cytokines, and microRNAs. On activation, sNAMs trigger the production of critical inflammatory mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines (eg, TNF and IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species that can act in the amplification of primary sensory neurons sensitization. On the other hand, there is evidence that sNAMs can produce antinociceptive mediators (eg, IL-10) that counteract neuropathic pain development. This review will present the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the participation of sNAMs in peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain development. Understanding how sNAMs are activated and responding to nerve injury can help set novel targets for the control of neuropathic pain.
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Chang C, Liu HK, Yeh CB, Yang ML, Liao WC, Liu CH, Tseng TJ. Cross-Talk of Toll-Like Receptor 5 and Mu-Opioid Receptor Attenuates Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Mechanical Hyperalgesia through a Protein Kinase C Alpha-Dependent Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1891. [PMID: 33673008 PMCID: PMC7918001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors, are reported as potential modulators for neuropathic pain; however, the desired mechanism is still unexplained. Here, we operated on the sciatic nerve to establish a pre-clinical rodent model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) in Sprague-Dawley rats, which were assigned into CCI and Decompression groups randomly. In Decompression group, the rats were performed with nerve decompression at post-operative week 4. Mechanical hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were obviously attenuated after a month. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-immunoreactive (ir) expression increased in dorsal horn, particularly in the inner part of lamina II. Additionally, substance P (SP) and isolectin B4 (IB4)-ir expressions, rather than calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP)-ir expression, increased in their distinct laminae. Double immunofluorescence proved that increased TLR5-ir expression was co-expressed mainly with IB4-ir expression. Through an intrathecal administration with FLA-ST Ultrapure (a TLR5 agonist, purified flagellin from Salmonella Typhimurium, only the CCI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was attenuated dose-dependently. Moreover, we confirmed that mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and phospho-protein kinase Cα (pPKCα)-ir expressions but not phospho-protein kinase A RII (pPKA RII)-ir expression, increased in lamina II, where they mostly co-expressed with IB4-ir expression. Go 6976, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor, effectively reversed the FLA-ST Ultrapure- or DAMGO-mediated attenuated trend towards mechanical hyperalgesia by an intrathecal administration in CCI rats. In summary, our current findings suggest that nerve decompression improves CCI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia that might be through the cross-talk of TLR5 and MOR in a PKCα-dependent manner, which opens a novel opportunity for the development of analgesic therapeutics in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Hung-Kai Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lin Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Liao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - To-Jung Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
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Midavaine É, Côté J, Marchand S, Sarret P. Glial and neuroimmune cell choreography in sexually dimorphic pain signaling. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:168-192. [PMID: 33582232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major global health issue that affects all populations regardless of sex, age, ethnicity/race, or country of origin, leading to persistent physical and emotional distress and to the loss of patients' autonomy and quality of life. Despite tremendous efforts in the elucidation of the mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic pain, the identification of new potential pain targets, and the development of novel analgesics, the pharmacological treatment options available for pain management remain limited, and most novel pain medications have failed to achieve advanced clinical development, leaving many patients with unbearable and undermanaged pain. Sex-specific susceptibility to chronic pain conditions as well as sex differences in pain sensitivity, pain tolerance and analgesic efficacy are increasingly recognized in the literature and have thus prompted scientists to seek mechanistic explanations. Hence, recent findings have highlighted that the signaling mechanisms underlying pain hypersensitivity are sexually dimorphic, which sheds light on the importance of conducting preclinical and clinical pain research on both sexes and of developing sex-specific pain medications. This review thus focuses on the clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the existence of sex differences in pain neurobiology. Attention is drawn to the sexually dimorphic role of glial and immune cells, which are both recognized as key players in neuroglial maladaptive plasticity at the origin of the transition from acute pain to chronic pathological pain. Growing evidence notably attributes to microglial cells a pivotal role in the sexually dimorphic pain phenotype and in the sexually dimorphic analgesic efficacy of opioids. This review also summarizes the recent advances in understanding the pathobiology underpinning the development of pain hypersensitivity in both males and females in different types of pain conditions, with particular emphasis on the mechanistic signaling pathways driving sexually dimorphic pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élora Midavaine
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Marchand
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Iannotta M, Belardo C, Trotta MC, Iannotti FA, Vitale RM, Maisto R, Boccella S, Infantino R, Ricciardi F, Mirto BF, Ferraraccio F, Panarese I, Amodeo P, Tunisi L, Cristino L, D’Amico M, di Marzo V, Luongo L, Maione S, Guida F. N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine, a Natural Monosaccharide-Based Glycolipid, Inhibits TLR4 and Prevents LPS-Induced Inflammation and Neuropathic Pain in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031491. [PMID: 33540826 PMCID: PMC7867376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key receptors through which infectious and non-infectious challenges act with consequent activation of the inflammatory cascade that plays a critical function in various acute and chronic diseases, behaving as amplification and chronicization factors of the inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that synthetic analogues of lipid A based on glucosamine with few chains of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, bind MD-2 and inhibit TLR4 receptors. These synthetic compounds showed antagonistic activity against TLR4 activation in vitro by LPS, but little or no activity in vivo. This study aimed to show the potential use of N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine (PGA), a bacterial molecule with structural similarity to the lipid A component of LPS, which could be useful for preventing LPS-induced tissue damage or even peripheral neuropathies. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed that PGA stably binds MD-2 with a MD-2/(PGA)3 stoichiometry. Treatment with PGA resulted in the following effects: (i) it prevented the NF-kB activation in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells; (ii) it decreased LPS-induced keratitis and corneal pro-inflammatory cytokines, whilst increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines; (iii) it normalized LPS-induced miR-20a-5p and miR-106a-5p upregulation and increased miR-27a-3p levels in the inflamed corneas; (iv) it decreased allodynia in peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin or formalin, but not following spared nerve injury of the sciatic nerve (SNI); (v) it prevented the formalin- or oxaliplatin-induced myelino-axonal degeneration of sciatic nerve. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We report that PGA acts as a TLR4 antagonist and this may be the basis of its potent anti-inflammatory activity. Being unique because of its potency and stability, as compared to other similar congeners, PGA can represent a tool for the optimization of new TLR4 modulating drugs directed against the cytokine storm and the chronization of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Rosa Maisto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Flavia Ricciardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Benito Fabio Mirto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Franca Ferraraccio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.)
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.)
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Lea Tunisi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Michele D’Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Vincenzo di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Universitè Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
- I.R.C.S.S., Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
- I.R.C.S.S., Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-0815667658 (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-0815667658 (F.G.)
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Leiguarda C, Villarreal A, Potilinski C, Pelissier T, Coronel MF, Bayo J, Ramos AJ, Montaner A, Villar MJ, Constandil L, Brumovsky PR. Intrathecal Administration of an Anti-nociceptive Non-CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Reduces Glial Activation and Central Sensitization. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:818-834. [PMID: 33502706 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-09983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain associates with spinal glial activation and central sensitization. Systemic administration of IMT504, a non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotide originally designed as an immunomodulator, exerts remarkable anti-allodynic effects in rats with complete Freund´s adjuvant (CFA)-induced hindpaw inflammation. However, the anti-nociceptive mechanisms of IMT504 remain unknown. Here we evaluated whether IMT504 blocks inflammatory pain-like behavior by modulation of spinal glia and central sensitization. The study was performed in Sprague Dawley rats with intraplantar CFA, and a single lumbosacral intrathecal (i.t.) administration of IMT504 or vehicle was chosen to address if changes in glial activation and spinal sensitization relate to the pain-like behavior reducing effects of the ODN. Naïve rats were also included. Von Frey and Randall-Selitto tests, respectively, exposed significant reductions in allodynia and mechanical hypersensitivity, lasting at least 24 h after i.t. IMT504. Analysis of electromyographic responses to electrical stimulation of C fibers showed progressive reductions in wind-up responses. Accordingly, IMT504 significantly downregulated spinal glial activation, as shown by reductions in the protein expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD11b/c, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the phosphorylated p65 subunit of NFκB, evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. In vitro experiments using early post-natal cortical glial cultures provided further support to in vivo data and demonstrated IMT504 internalization into microglia and astrocytes. Altogether, our study provides new evidence on the central mechanisms of anti-nociception by IMT504 upon intrathecal application, and further supports its value as a novel anti-inflammatory ODN with actions upon glial cells and the TLR4/NFκB pathway. Intrathecal administration of the non-CpG ODN IMT504 fully blocks CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and hypersensitivity, in association with reduced spinal sensitization. Administration of the ODN also results in downregulated gliosis and reduced TLR4-NF-κB pathway activation. IMT504 uptake into astrocytes and microglia support the concept of direct modulation of CFA-induced glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leiguarda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - A Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - C Potilinski
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - T Pelissier
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - M F Coronel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - J Bayo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - A J Ramos
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
- Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - A Montaner
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein", CONICET, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina
| | - M J Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - L Constandil
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Pablo R Brumovsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina.
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Zhou M, Li C. Clinical Value and Potential Target of miR-27a-3p in Pulpitis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:158-165. [PMID: 34237753 DOI: 10.1159/000516136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the clinical values of miR-27a-3p for pulpitis patients, and its association with TLR4. METHODS Sixty-six patients with pulpitis and 34 cases without pulpitis were recruited; the pulp tissue and serum samples were collected from each participant. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for measurement of gene expression levels. The diagnosis values were assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve. The target gene of miR-27a-3p was confirmed by the luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS MiR-27a-3p was downregulated in both serum and pulp tissue of pulpitis patients. MiR-27a-3p could distinguish pulpitis patients from healthy controls and might be a predictor for the development of irreversible pulpitis. A high level of TLR4 was also detected in both peripheral blood monocytes and pulp tissues from pulpitis patients and showed a negative association with the miR-27a-3p level. TLR4 was a direct target gene of miR-27a-3p. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION MiR-27a-3p might be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of pulpitis and predict the development of irreversible pulpitis. MiR-27a-3p might be involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis via targeting TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Wuhan University Qingshan Branch, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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TLR8 in the Trigeminal Ganglion Contributes to the Maintenance of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:550-562. [PMID: 33355900 PMCID: PMC8055805 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is a significant health problem but the involved mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have recently been demonstrated to be expressed in the dorsal root ganglion and involved in chronic pain. Here, we show that TLR8 was persistently increased in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in model of TNP induced by partial infraorbital nerve ligation (pIONL). In addition, deletion or knockdown of Tlr8 in the TG attenuated pIONL-induced mechanical allodynia, reduced the activation of ERK and p38-MAPK, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the TG. Furthermore, intra-TG injection of the TLR8 agonist VTX-2337 induced pain hypersensitivity. VTX-2337 also increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, induced the activation of ERK and p38, and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the TG. These data indicate that TLR8 contributes to the maintenance of TNP through increasing MAPK-mediated neuroinflammation. Targeting TLR8 signaling may be effective for the treatment of TNP.
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Lagomarsino VN, Kostic AD, Chiu IM. Mechanisms of microbial-neuronal interactions in pain and nociception. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2020; 9:100056. [PMID: 33392418 PMCID: PMC7772816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of how microorganisms communicate with sensory afferent neurons. How pathogenic microorganisms directly communicate with nociceptor neurons to inflict pain on the host. Symbiotic bacterial communication with gut-extrinsic sensory afferent neurons. Plausible roles on how gut symbionts directly mediate pain and nociception.
Nociceptor sensory neurons innervate barrier tissues that are constantly exposed to microbial stimuli. During infection, pathogenic microorganisms can breach barrier surfaces and produce pain by directly activating nociceptors. Microorganisms that live in symbiotic relationships with their hosts, commensals and mutualists, have also been associated with pain, but the molecular mechanisms of how symbionts act on nociceptor neurons to modulate pain remain largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the known molecular mechanisms of how microbes directly interact with sensory afferent neurons affecting nociception in the gut, skin and lungs. We will touch on how bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens signal to the host to inflict or suppress pain. We will also discuss recent studies examining how gut symbionts affect pain. Specifically, we will discuss how gut symbionts may interact with sensory afferent neurons either directly, through secretion of metabolites or neurotransmitters, or indirectly,through first signaling to epithelial cells or immune cells, to regulate visceral, neuropathic and inflammatory pain. While this area of research is still in its infancy, more mechanistic studies to examine microbial-sensory neuron crosstalk in nociception may allow us to develop new therapies for the treatment of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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70
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Gong Y, Li N, Lv Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Yang T, Wang H, Zhao X, Chen Z, Dou B, Chen B, Guo Y, Guo Y, Xu Z. The neuro-immune microenvironment of acupoints-initiation of acupuncture effectiveness. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:189-198. [PMID: 32645257 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0420-361rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a centuried and unfading treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proved to exert curative effects on various disorders. Numerous works have been put in to uncover the effective mechanisms of acupuncture. And the interdependent interaction between acupuncture and acupoint microenvironment is a crucial topic. As a benign minimally invasive stimulation, the insertion and manipulation of needle at acupoint could cause deformation of local connective tissue and secretion of various molecules, such as high mobility group box 1 and ATP. The molecules are secreted into extracellular space and bind to the corresponding receptors thus active NF-κB, MAPK, ERK pathways on mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and monocytes/macrophages, among others. This is supposed to trigger following transcription and translation of immune factors and neural active substance, as well as promote the free ion movement (such as Ca2+ influx) and the expansion of blood vessels to recruit more immune cells to acupoint. Finally, acupuncture could enhance network connectivity of local microenvironment at acupoints. The earlier mentioned substances further act on a variety of receptors in local nerve endings, transmitting electrical and biochemical signals to the CNS, and giving full play to the acupuncture action. In conclusion, we portrayed a neuro-immune microenvironment network of acupoints that medicates the acupuncture action, and would lay a foundation for the systematic study of the complex network relationship of acupoints in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Gong
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningcen Li
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongxi Lv
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Nankai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Municipal Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Changzhi City, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Baomin Dou
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
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71
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Rinne M, Mätlik K, Ahonen T, Vedovi F, Zappia G, Moreira VM, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Leino S, Salminen O, Kalso E, Airavaara M, Xhaard H. Mitoxantrone, pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine are toll-like receptor 4 antagonists, inhibit NF-κB activation, and decrease TNF-alpha secretion in primary microglia. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105493. [PMID: 32730846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes various endogenous and microbial ligands and is an essential part in the innate immune system. TLR4 signaling initiates transcription factor NF-κB and production of proinflammatory cytokines. TLR4 contributes to the development or progression of various diseases including stroke, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, and better therapeutics are currently sought for these conditions. In this study, a library of 140 000 compounds was virtually screened and a resulting hit-list of 1000 compounds was tested using a cellular reporter system. The topoisomerase II inhibitor mitoxantrone and its analogues pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine were identified as inhibitors of TLR4 and NF-κB activation. Mitoxantrone was shown to bind directly to the TLR4, and pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine were shown to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in primary microglia. The inhibitory effect on NF-κB activation or on TNFα production was not mediated through cytotoxity at ≤ 1 µM concentration for pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine treated cells, as assessed by ATP counts. This study thus identifies a new mechanism of action for mitoxantrone, pixantrone, and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine through the TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju Rinne
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kert Mätlik
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Ahonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Vedovi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, P.zza Rinascimento, 6 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Giovanni Zappia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Urbino Carlo Bo, P.zza Rinascimento, 6 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Vânia M Moreira
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, G4 0RE Glasgow, U.K; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Leino
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Salminen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital. FI-00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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72
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Kanno K, Shimizu K, Shinoda M, Hayashi M, Takeichi O, Iwata K. Role of macrophage-mediated Toll-like receptor 4-interleukin-1R signaling in ectopic tongue pain associated with tooth pulp inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:312. [PMID: 33081813 PMCID: PMC7576725 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The existence of referred pain and ectopic paresthesia caused by tooth pulp inflammation may make definitive diagnosis difficult and cause misdiagnosis or mistreatment; thus, elucidation of that molecular mechanism is urgent. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying ectopic pain, especially tongue hyperalgesia, after tooth pulp inflammation. Methods A rat model with mandibular first molar tooth pulp exposure was employed. Tooth pulp exposure-induced heat and mechanical-evoked tongue hypersensitivity was measured, and immunohistochemical staining for Iba1, a marker of active macrophages, IL-1β, IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RΙ), and toll-like receptor 4 in the trigeminal ganglion was performed. In addition, we investigated the effects of injections of liposomal clodronate Clophosome-A (LCCA), a selective macrophage depletion agent, lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist), IL-1β, or heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70, a selective agonist of toll-like receptor 4), to examine changes in tongue hypersensitivity and in the regulation of IL-1RΙ, toll-like receptor 4, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) biosynthesis. Results At day 1 after tooth pulp exposure, obvious tooth pulp inflammation was observed. Tooth pulp exposure-induced heat and mechanical tongue hypersensitivity was observed from days 1 to 3 after tooth pulp exposure. The production of IL-1β in activated macrophages and toll-like receptor 4 and IL-1RΙ expression were significantly increased in trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue following tooth pulp exposure. Intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of LCCA significantly suppressed tongue hypersensitivity; however, toll-like receptor 4 and IL-1RΙ expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue was not significantly altered. Intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of LPS-RS significantly suppressed tongue hypersensitivity and reduced IL-1RΙ expression in the trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue following tooth pulp exposure. Intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of recombinant Hsp70 significantly promoted tongue hypersensitivity and increased IL-1RI expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue in naive rats. Furthermore, intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of recombinant IL-1β led to tongue hypersensitivity and enhanced TRPV1 expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue in naive rats. Conclusions The present findings suggest that the neuron-macrophage interaction mediated by toll-like receptor 4 and IL-1RI activation in trigeminal ganglion neurons affects the pathogenesis of abnormal tongue pain following tooth pulp inflammation via IL-1RI and TRPV1 signaling in the trigeminal ganglion. Further research may contribute to the establishment of new therapeutic and diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kanno
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimizu
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan. .,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeichi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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73
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Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of rosmarinic acid on nervous system disorders: an updated review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:1779-1795. [PMID: 32725282 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the worldwide interest is growing to use medicinal plants and their active constituents to develop new potent medicines with fewer side effects. Precise dietary compounds have prospective beneficial applications for various neurodegenerative ailments. Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenol and is detectable most primarily in many Lamiaceae families, for instance, Rosmarinus officinalis also called rosemary. This review prepared a broad and updated literature review on rosmarinic acid elucidating its biological activities on some nervous system disorders. Rosmarinic acid has significant antinociceptive, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative effects. In this regard, we classified and discussed our findings in different nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, depression, Huntington's disease, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, spinal cord injury, stress, anxiety, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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74
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The Role of the Microbiome and Microbiome-Derived Metabolites in Atopic Dermatitis and Non-Histaminergic Itch. Am J Clin Dermatol 2020; 21:44-50. [PMID: 32910440 PMCID: PMC7584541 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) have revealed that skin microbiome dysbiosis plays an important role in the disease. In this review, we describe how changes in the structure and function of the microbiome are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. We highlight recent data showing that differential changes in microbial diversity, both within and across communities from different body habitats (including the skin, gut, and oral mucosa), are associated with the development and severity of AD. We also describe recent evidence demonstrating that the metabolic activity of the skin microbiome can act as a regulator of inflammation, with alterations in the level of a skin microbiome-derived tryptophan metabolite, indole-3-aldehyde (IAId), being shown to play a role in AD. The various mechanisms by which interactions between the microbiome and components of the non-histaminergic pathway result in itch in AD are also discussed.
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75
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Donnelly CR, Chen O, Ji RR. How Do Sensory Neurons Sense Danger Signals? Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:822-838. [PMID: 32839001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensory neurons are activated by physical and chemical stimuli, eliciting sensations such as temperature, touch, pain, and itch. From an evolutionary perspective, sensing danger is essential for organismal survival. Upon infection and injury, immune cells respond to pathogen/damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and produce inflammatory mediators that activate sensory neurons through neuro-immune interactions. Sensory neurons also express TLRs and other PRRs that directly sense danger signals after injury or during infection, leading to pain, itch, or analgesia. In addition to slow-acting canonical TLR signaling, TLRs function uniquely in sensory neurons through non-canonical coupling to ion channels, enabling rapid modulation of neuronal activity. We discuss how sensory neurons utilize TLRs and other PRR pathways to detect danger signals in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Donnelly
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ouyang Chen
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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76
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Lin B, Wang Y, Zhang P, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Chen G. Gut microbiota regulates neuropathic pain: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:103. [PMID: 32807072 PMCID: PMC7433133 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a sustained and nonreversible condition characterized by long-term devastating physical and psychological damage. Therefore, it is urgent to identify an effective treatment for NP. Unfortunately, the precise pathogenesis of NP has not been elucidated. Currently, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has drawn increasing attention, and the emerging role of gut microbiota is investigated in numerous diseases including NP. Gut microbiota is considered as a pivotal regulator in immune, neural, endocrine, and metabolic signaling pathways, which participates in forming a complex network to affect the development of NP directly or indirectly. In this review, we conclude the current understanding of preclinical and clinical findings regarding the role of gut microbiota in NP and provide a novel therapeutic method for pain relief by medication and dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China.
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77
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Liu J, Li X, Ke A. High-mobility group box-1 induces mechanical pain hypersensitivity through astrocytic connexin 43 via the toll-like receptor-4/JNK signaling pathway. Synapse 2020; 75:e22184. [PMID: 32761652 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) on mechanical pain hypersensitivity and the underlying mechanism. Mouse primary astrocytes were isolated and treated as specified. A CCK-8 assay was used to determine cytotoxicity and a gap junctional communication assay was performed. Ethidium bromide (EtBr) uptake was used to evaluate the hemichannel activity of primary astrocytes. A mouse model of neuropathic pain was developed and paw withdrawal threshold was used to evaluate hind paw sensitivity. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to determine mRNA and protein expression of genes, respectively. ELISA was used to measure the release of inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with HMGB-1 increased the expression of both toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in mouse primary astrocytes. HMGB-1 also promoted gap junctional intercellular communication and hemichannel function. Our results also demonstrated that HMGB-1-regulated Cx43 through the JNK signaling pathway, and Cx43 was involved in HMGB-1-mediated inflammation in astrocytes. In vivo analysis supported the idea that HMGB-1-induced mechanical hypersensitivity was associated with Cx43. We therefore conclude that HMGB-1-induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity occurs through modulating astrocytic Cx43 via the TLR-4/JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Ana Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
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78
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Jiang BC, Liu T, Gao YJ. Chemokines in chronic pain: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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79
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NLRP2 inflammasome in dorsal root ganglion as a novel molecular platform that produces inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Pain 2020; 160:2149-2160. [PMID: 31162334 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain hypersensitivity is associated with activation of primary afferent neurons. This study investigated the existence of the inflammasome in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the functional significance in the development of inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Tissue inflammation was induced in male C57BL/6 mice with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or ceramide injection into the hind paw. Behavioral testing was performed to investigate inflammation-induced pain hypersensitivity. Ipsilateral L5 DRGs were obtained for analysis. Expression of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) was analyzed with real-time PCR. Cleaved interleukin (IL)-1β and NLRP2 expression was investigated with immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Caspase 1 activity was also measured. A caspase 1 inhibitor and NLRP2 siRNA were intrathecally administered to inhibit NLRP2 inflammasome signaling in DRG. Cleaved IL-1β expression was significantly increased after CFA injection in small-sized DRG neurons. The amount of cleaved IL-1β and caspase 1 activity were also increased. Among several NLRs, NLRP2 mRNA was significantly increased in DRG after CFA injection. NLRP2 was expressed in small-sized DRG neurons. Intrathecal injection of a caspase 1 inhibitor or NLRP2 siRNA reduced CFA-induced pain hypersensitivity and cleaved IL-1β expression in DRG. Induction of cleaved IL-1β and NLRP2 in DRG neurons was similarly observed after ceramide injection. NLRP2 siRNA inhibited ceramide-induced pain hypersensitivity. These results confirmed the existence of NLRP2 inflammasome in DRG neurons. Activation of the NLRP2 inflammasome leads to activation of DRG neurons and subsequent development of pain hypersensitivity in various types of tissue inflammation.
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80
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Cevikbas F, Lerner EA. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Itch. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:945-982. [PMID: 31869278 PMCID: PMC7474262 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is a topic to which everyone can relate. The physiological roles of itch are increasingly understood and appreciated. The pathophysiological consequences of itch impact quality of life as much as pain. These dynamics have led to increasingly deep dives into the mechanisms that underlie and contribute to the sensation of itch. When the prior review on the physiology of itching was published in this journal in 1941, itch was a black box of interest to a small number of neuroscientists and dermatologists. Itch is now appreciated as a complex and colorful Rubik's cube. Acute and chronic itch are being carefully scratched apart and reassembled by puzzle solvers across the biomedical spectrum. New mediators are being identified. Mechanisms blur boundaries of the circuitry that blend neuroscience and immunology. Measures involve psychophysics and behavioral psychology. The efforts associated with these approaches are positively impacting the care of itchy patients. There is now the potential to markedly alleviate chronic itch, a condition that does not end life, but often ruins it. We review the itch field and provide a current understanding of the pathophysiology of itch. Itch is a disease, not only a symptom of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Cevikbas
- Dermira, Inc., Menlo Park, California; and Harvard Medical School and the Cutaneous Biology Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Ethan A Lerner
- Dermira, Inc., Menlo Park, California; and Harvard Medical School and the Cutaneous Biology Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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81
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Abstract
A limited number of peripheral targets generate pain. Inflammatory mediators can sensitize these. The review addresses targets acting exclusively or predominantly on sensory neurons, mediators involved in inflammation targeting sensory neurons, and mediators involved in a more general inflammatory process, of which an analgesic effect secondary to an anti-inflammatory effect can be expected. Different approaches to address these systems are discussed, including scavenging proinflammatory mediators, applying anti-inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting proinflammatory or facilitating anti-inflammatory receptors. New approaches are contrasted to established ones; the current stage of progress is mentioned, in particular considering whether there is data from a molecular and cellular level, from animals, or from human trials, including an early stage after a market release. An overview of publication activity is presented, considering a IuPhar/BPS-curated list of targets with restriction to pain-related publications, which was also used to identify topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin I Ciotu
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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82
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Sung Kim H, Yosipovitch G. THE SKIN MICROBIOTA AND ITCH: Is There a Link? THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2020; 13:S39-S46. [PMID: 33282109 PMCID: PMC7710288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that emanates primarily from the skin. The chemical mediators that drive neuronal activity originate from a complex interaction between keratinocytes, inflammatory cells, nerve endings, and the skin microbiota, relaying itch signals to the brain. Stress also exacerbates itch via the skin-brain axis. Recently, the microbiota has surfaced as a major player to regulate this axis, notably during stress settings aroused by actual or perceived homeostatic challenge. The routes of communication between the microbiota and brain are slowly being unraveled and involve neurochemicals (i.e., acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines, and corticotropin) that originate from the microbiota itself. By focusing on itch biology and by referring to the more established field of pain research, this review examines the possible means by which the skin microbiota contributes to itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Sung Kim
- Dr. Kim is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami in Miami, Florida, the Department of Dermatology at Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea, and the Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea
- Dr. Yosipovitch is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami in Miami, Florida
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr. Kim is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami in Miami, Florida, the Department of Dermatology at Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea, and the Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea
- Dr. Yosipovitch is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami in Miami, Florida
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83
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The Skin Microbiota and Itch: Is There a Link? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041190. [PMID: 32331207 PMCID: PMC7230651 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that emanates primarily from the skin. The chemical mediators that drive neuronal activity originate from a complex interaction between keratinocytes, inflammatory cells, nerve endings and the skin microbiota, relaying itch signals to the brain. Stress also exacerbates itch via the skin–brain axis. Recently, the microbiota has surfaced as a major player to regulate this axis, notably during stress settings aroused by actual or perceived homeostatic challenge. The routes of communication between the microbiota and brain are slowly being unraveled and involve neurochemicals (i.e., acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines, corticotropin) that originate from the microbiota itself. By focusing on itch biology and by referring to the more established field of pain research, this review examines the possible means by which the skin microbiota contributes to itch.
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84
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Xu X, Yang K, Zhang F, Liu W, Wang Y, Yu C, Wang J, Zhang K, Zhang C, Nenadic G, Tao D, Zhou X, Shang H, Chen J. Identification of herbal categories active in pain disorder subtypes by machine learning help reveal novel molecular mechanisms of algesia. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104797. [PMID: 32278044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is highly prevalent and poorly controlled, of which the accurate underlying mechanisms need be further elucidated. Herbal drugs have been widely used for controlling various pain disorders. The systematic integration of pain herbal data resources might be promising to help investigate the molecular mechanisms of pain phenotypes. Here, we integrated large-scale bibliographic literatures and well-established data sources to obtain high-quality pain relevant herbal data (i.e. 426 pain related herbs with their targets). We used machine learning method to identify three distinct herb categories with their specific indications of symptoms, targets and enriched pathways, which were characterized by the efficacy of treatment to the chronic cough related neuropathic pain, the reproduction and autoimmune related pain, and the cancer pain, respectively. We further detected the novel pathophysiological mechanisms of the pain subtypes by network medicine approach to evaluate the interactions between herb targets and the pain disease modules. This work increased the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of pain subtypes that herbal drugs are participating and with the ultimate aim of developing novel personalized drugs for pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Kuo Yang
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, TCM-X Centre/Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Changying Yu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junyao Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, DaLian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Goran Nenadic
- Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dacheng Tao
- School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Xuezhong Zhou
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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85
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Type I Interferons Act Directly on Nociceptors to Produce Pain Sensitization: Implications for Viral Infection-Induced Pain. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3517-3532. [PMID: 32245829 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3055-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the first signs of viral infection is body-wide aches and pain. Although this type of pain usually subsides, at the extreme, viral infections can induce painful neuropathies that can last for decades. Neither of these types of pain sensitization is well understood. A key part of the response to viral infection is production of interferons (IFNs), which then activate their specific receptors (IFNRs) resulting in downstream activation of cellular signaling and a variety of physiological responses. We sought to understand how type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) might act directly on nociceptors in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to cause pain sensitization. We demonstrate that type I IFNRs are expressed in small/medium DRG neurons and that their activation produces neuronal hyper-excitability and mechanical pain in mice. Type I IFNs stimulate JAK/STAT signaling in DRG neurons but this does not apparently result in PKR-eIF2α activation that normally induces an anti-viral response by limiting mRNA translation. Rather, type I IFNs stimulate MNK-mediated eIF4E phosphorylation in DRG neurons to promote pain hypersensitivity. Endogenous release of type I IFNs with the double-stranded RNA mimetic poly(I:C) likewise produces pain hypersensitivity that is blunted in mice lacking MNK-eIF4E signaling. Our findings reveal mechanisms through which type I IFNs cause nociceptor sensitization with implications for understanding how viral infections promote pain and can lead to neuropathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is increasingly understood that pathogens interact with nociceptors to alert organisms to infection as well as to mount early host defenses. Although specific mechanisms have been discovered for diverse bacterial and fungal pathogens, mechanisms engaged by viruses have remained elusive. Here we show that type I interferons, one of the first mediators produced by viral infection, act directly on nociceptors to produce pain sensitization. Type I interferons act via a specific signaling pathway (MNK-eIF4E signaling), which is known to produce nociceptor sensitization in inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. Our work reveals a mechanism through which viral infections cause heightened pain sensitivity.
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86
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Kaelberer MM, Caceres AI, Jordt SE. Activation of a nerve injury transcriptional signature in airway-innervating sensory neurons after lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L953-L964. [PMID: 32159971 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00403.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs and the immune and nervous systems functionally interact to respond to respiratory environmental exposures and infections. The lungs are innervated by vagal sensory neurons of the jugular and nodose ganglia, fused together in smaller mammals as the jugular-nodose complex (JNC). Whereas the JNC shares properties with the other sensory ganglia, the trigeminal (TG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), these sensory structures express differential sets of genes that reflect their unique functionalities. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in mice to identify the differential transcriptomes of the three sensory ganglia types. Using a fluorescent retrograde tracer and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we isolated a defined population of airway-innervating JNC neurons and determined their differential transcriptional map after pulmonary exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major mediator of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after infection with gram-negative bacteria or inhalation of organic dust. JNC neurons activated an injury response program, leading to increased expression of gene products such as the G protein-coupled receptor Cckbr, inducing functional changes in neuronal sensitivity to peptides, and Gpr151, also rapidly induced upon neuropathic nerve injury in pain models. Unique JNC-specific transcripts, present at only minimal levels in TG, DRG, and other organs, were identified. These included TMC3, encoding for a putative mechanosensor, and urotensin 2B, a hypertensive peptide. These findings highlight the unique properties of the JNC and reveal that ALI/ARDS rapidly induces a nerve injury-related state, changing vagal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Isabel Caceres
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, North Carolina.,Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program (ITEHP), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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87
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Wang TT, Xu XY, Lin W, Hu DD, Shi W, Jia X, Wang H, Song NJ, Zhang YQ, Zhang L. Activation of Different Heterodimers of TLR2 Distinctly Mediates Pain and Itch. Neuroscience 2020; 429:245-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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88
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Korgaonkar AA, Li Y, Sekhar D, Subramanian D, Guevarra J, Swietek B, Pallottie A, Singh S, Kella K, Elkabes S, Santhakumar V. Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling in Neurons Enhances Calcium-Permeable α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Currents and Drives Post-Traumatic Epileptogenesis. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:497-515. [PMID: 32031699 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury is a major risk factor for acquired epilepsies, and understanding the mechanisms underlying the early pathophysiology could yield viable therapeutic targets. Growing evidence indicates a role for inflammatory signaling in modifying neuronal excitability and promoting epileptogenesis. Here we examined the effect of innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on excitability of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and epileptogenesis after brain injury. METHODS Slice and in vivo electrophysiology and Western blots were conducted in rats subject to fluid percussion brain injury or sham injury. RESULTS The studies identify that TLR4 signaling in neurons augments dentate granule cell calcium-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor (CP-AMPAR) currents after brain injury. Blocking TLR4 signaling in vivo shortly after brain injury reduced dentate network excitability and seizure susceptibility. When blocking of TLR4 signaling after injury was delayed, however, this treatment failed to reduce postinjury seizure susceptibility. Furthermore, TLR4 signal blocking was less efficacious in limiting seizure susceptibility when AMPAR currents, downstream targets of TLR4 signaling, were transiently enhanced. Paradoxically, blocking TLR4 signaling augmented both network excitability and seizure susceptibility in uninjured controls. Despite the differential effect on seizure susceptibility, TLR4 antagonism suppressed cellular inflammatory responses after injury without impacting sham controls. INTERPRETATION These findings demonstrate that independently of glia, the immune receptor TLR4 directly regulates post-traumatic neuronal excitability. Moreover, the TLR4-dependent early increase in dentate excitability is causally associated with epileptogenesis. Identification and selective targeting of the mechanisms underlying the aberrant TLR4-mediated increase in CP-AMPAR signaling after injury may prevent epileptogenesis after brain trauma. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:497-515.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata A Korgaonkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Dipika Sekhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Deepak Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Jenieve Guevarra
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Bogumila Swietek
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Alexandra Pallottie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Sukwinder Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Kruthi Kella
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
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89
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Maher DP, Walia D, Heller NM. Suppression of Human Natural Killer Cells by Different Classes of Opioids. Anesth Analg 2020; 128:1013-1021. [PMID: 30801358 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of regional and other opioid-sparing forms of anesthesia has been associated with a decrease in the recurrence of certain malignancies. Direct suppression of human natural killer cells by opioids has been postulated to explain this observation. However, the effect of different classes of opioids on suppression of natural killer cell cytotoxicity has not been systematically characterized. METHODS After confirming that freshly isolated natural killer cells from peripheral human blood express opioid receptors, cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of clinically used or receptor-specific opioid agonists. We also evaluated the effect of pretreatment with receptor-specific antagonists or naloxone. Treated natural killer cells were then coincubated with a carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-labeled target tumor cell line, K562. Annexin V staining was used to compare the percent of tumor cell apoptosis in the presence of opioid-pretreated and untreated natural killer cells. Treated samples were compared to untreated samples using Kruskal-Wallis tests with a post hoc Dunn correction. RESULTS Morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, loperamide, [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin, and U-50488 significantly decreased natural killer cell cytotoxicity. When natural killer cells were pretreated with naloxone, cyprodime, and nor-binaltorphimine before exposure to morphine, there was no difference in natural killer cytotoxicity, compared to the amount observed by untreated natural killer cells. Fentanyl, O-desmethyltramadol, and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin did not change natural killer cell cytotoxicity compare to untreated natural killer cells. CONCLUSIONS Incubation of isolated natural killer cells with certain opioids causes a decrease in activity that is not observed after naloxone pretreatment. Suppression of natural killer cell cytotoxicity was observed with μ- and κ-receptor agonists but not δ-receptor agonists. These data suggest that the effect is mediated by μ- and κ-receptor agonism and that suppression is similar with many clinically used opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot P Maher
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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90
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Kringel D, Kaunisto MA, Kalso E, Lötsch J. Machine-learned analysis of global and glial/opioid intersection-related DNA methylation in patients with persistent pain after breast cancer surgery. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:167. [PMID: 31775878 PMCID: PMC6881976 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial cells in the central nervous system play a key role in neuroinflammation and subsequent central sensitization to pain. They are therefore involved in the development of persistent pain. One of the main sites of interaction of the immune system with persistent pain has been identified as neuro-immune crosstalk at the glial-opioid interface. The present study examined a potential association between the DNA methylation of two key players of glial/opioid intersection and persistent postoperative pain. METHODS In a cohort of 140 women who had undergone breast cancer surgery, and were assigned based on a 3-year follow-up to either a persistent or non-persistent pain phenotype, the role of epigenetic regulation of key players in the glial-opioid interface was assessed. The methylation of genes coding for the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a major mediator of glial contributions to persistent pain or for the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) was analyzed and its association with the pain phenotype was compared with that conferred by global genome-wide DNA methylation assessed via quantification of the methylation in the retrotransposon LINE1. RESULTS Training of machine learning algorithms indicated that the global DNA methylation provided a similar diagnostic accuracy for persistent pain as previously established non-genetic predictors. However, the diagnosis can be based on a single DNA based marker. By contrast, the methylation of TLR4 or OPRM1 genes could not contribute further to the allocation of the patients to the pain-related phenotype groups. CONCLUSIONS While clearly supporting a predictive utility of epigenetic testing, the present analysis cannot provide support for specific epigenetic modulation of persistent postoperative pain via methylation of two key genes of the glial-opioid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Kringel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mari A Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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91
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Electroacupuncture Alleviates Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Rats via Suppressing TLR4 Signaling and TRPV1 Upregulation in Sensory Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235917. [PMID: 31775332 PMCID: PMC6929119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse effect during paclitaxel treatment resulting in sensory abnormalities and neuropathic pain during chemotherapy and in cancer survivors. Conventional therapies are usually ineffective and possess adverse effects. Here, we examined the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on a rat model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain and related mechanisms. EA robustly and persistently alleviated paclitaxel-induced pain hypersensitivities. Mechanistically, TLR4 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) and downstream signaling MyD88 (Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88) and TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vallinoid 1) were upregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRGs) of paclitaxel-treated rats, whereas EA reduced their overexpression. Ca2+ imaging further indicated that TRPV1 channel activity was enhanced in DRG neurons of paclitaxel-treated rats whereas EA suppressed the enhanced TRPV1 channel activity. Pharmacological blocking of TRPV1 mimics the analgesic effects of EA on the pain hypersensitivities, whereas capsaicin reversed EA’s effect. Spinal astrocytes and microglia were activated in paclitaxel-treated rats, whereas EA reduced the activation. These results demonstrated that EA alleviates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain via mechanisms possibly involving suppressing TLR4 signaling and TRPV1 upregulation in DRG neurons, which further result in reduced spinal glia activation. Our work supports EA as a potential alternative therapy for paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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92
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Woller SA, Choi SH, An EJ, Low H, Schneider DA, Ramachandran R, Kim J, Bae YS, Sviridov D, Corr M, Yaksh TL, Miller YI. Inhibition of Neuroinflammation by AIBP: Spinal Effects upon Facilitated Pain States. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2667-2677. [PMID: 29847797 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) reduces lipid raft abundance by augmenting the removal of excess cholesterol from the plasma membrane. Here, we report that AIBP prevents and reverses processes associated with neuroinflammatory-mediated spinal nociceptive processing. The mechanism involves AIBP binding to Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and increased binding of AIBP to activated microglia, which mediates selective regulation of lipid rafts in inflammatory cells. AIBP-mediated lipid raft reductions downregulate LPS-induced TLR4 dimerization, inflammatory signaling, and expression of cytokines in microglia. In mice, intrathecal injections of AIBP reduce spinal myeloid cell lipid rafts, TLR4 dimerization, neuroinflammation, and glial activation. Intrathecal AIBP reverses established allodynia in mice in which pain states were induced by the chemotherapeutic cisplatin, intraplantar formalin, or intrathecal LPS, all of which are pro-nociceptive interventions known to be regulated by TLR4 signaling. These findings demonstrate a mechanism by which AIBP regulates neuroinflammation and suggest the therapeutic potential of AIBP in treating preexisting pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Woller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eun Jung An
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hann Low
- Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dina A Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roshni Ramachandran
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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93
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The NGF R100W Mutation Specifically Impairs Nociception without Affecting Cognitive Performance in a Mouse Model of Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type V. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9702-9715. [PMID: 31685654 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0688-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a key mediator of nociception, acting during the development and differentiation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and on adult DRG neuron sensitization to painful stimuli. NGF also has central actions in the brain, where it regulates the phenotypic maintenance of cholinergic neurons. The physiological function of NGF as a pain mediator is altered in patients with Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy type V (HSAN V), caused by the 661C>T transition in the Ngf gene, resulting in the R100W missense mutation in mature NGF. Homozygous HSAN V patients present with congenital pain insensitivity, but are cognitively normal. This led us to hypothesize that the R100W mutation may differentially affect the central and peripheral actions of NGF. To test this hypothesis and provide a mechanistic basis to the HSAN V phenotype, we generated transgenic mice harboring the human 661C>T mutation in the Ngf gene and studied both males and females. We demonstrate that heterozygous NGFR100W/wt mice display impaired nociception. DRG neurons of NGFR100W/wt mice are morphologically normal, with no alteration in the different DRG subpopulations, whereas skin innervation is reduced. The NGFR100W protein has reduced capability to activate pain-specific signaling, paralleling its reduced ability to induce mechanical allodynia. Surprisingly, however, NGFR100W/wt mice, unlike heterozygous mNGF+/- mice, show no learning or memory deficits, despite a reduction in secretion and brain levels of NGF. The results exclude haploinsufficiency of NGF as a mechanistic cause for heterozygous HSAN V mice and demonstrate a specific effect of the R100W mutation on nociception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The R100W mutation in nerve growth factor (NGF) causes Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy type V, a rare disease characterized by impaired nociception, even in apparently clinically silent heterozygotes. For the first time, we generated and characterized heterozygous knock-in mice carrying the human R100W-mutated allele (NGFR100W/wt). Mutant mice have normal nociceptor populations, which, however, display decreased activation of pain transduction pathways. NGFR100W interferes with peripheral and central NGF bioavailability, but this does not impact on CNS function, as demonstrated by normal learning and memory, in contrast with heterozygous NGF knock-out mice. Thus, a point mutation allows neurotrophic and pronociceptive functions of NGF to be split, with interesting implications for the treatment of chronic pain.
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94
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Nasser SA, Afify EA. Sex differences in pain and opioid mediated antinociception: Modulatory role of gonadal hormones. Life Sci 2019; 237:116926. [PMID: 31614148 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex-related differences in pain and opioids has been the focus of many researches. It is demonstrated that women experience greater clinical pain, lower pain threshold and tolerance, more sensitivity and distress to experimentally induced pain compared to men. Sex differences in response to opioid treatment revealed inconsistent results. However, the etiology of these disparities is not fully elucidated. It is, therefore, conceivable now that this literature merits to be revisited comprehensively. Possible multifaceted factors seem to be associated. These include neuroanatomical, hormonal, neuroimmunological, psychological, social and cultural aspects and comorbidities. This review aims at providing an overview of the substantial literature documenting the sex differences in pain and analgesic response to opioids from animal and human studies within the context of the modulatory effects of the aforementioned factors. A detailed and critical discussion of the cellular and molecular signaling pathways underlying the modulatory actions of gonadal hormones in the sexual dimorphism in pain processing and opioid analgesia is extensively presented. It is indicated that sexual dimorphic activation of certain brain regions contributes to differential pain sensitivity between females and males. Plausible crosstalk between sex hormones and neuroimmunological signaling pertinent to toll-like and purinergic receptors is uncovered as causal cues underlying sexually dimorphic pain and opioid analgesia. Conceivably, a thorough understanding of these factors may aid in sex-related advancement in pain therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elham A Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Liu F, Chen Y, Liu R, Chen B, Liu C, Xing J. Long noncoding RNA (MEG3) in urinal exosomes functions as a biomarker for the diagnosis of Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (HIC). J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1227-1237. [PMID: 31595563 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7) is functionally involved in the pathogenesis of Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (HIC). In addition, maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is implicated in many urethral diseases. In this study, we aimed to verify the hypothesis that exosomal MEG3 in urine can be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker for HIC. METHODS Electron microscopy was utilized to observe the distribution of urinary exosomes between the case group and the control group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was utilized to compare the diagnostic values of MEG3 and miR-19a-3p. Computational analysis and luciferase assay were conducted to identify the correlation between MEG3 and miR-19a-3p as well as between TLR7 and miR-19a-3p. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to establish the signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HIC. RESULTS When age and gender distributions are excluded, urinary exosomes were equally distributed between case and control groups. The area under the curve of MEG3 was larger than that of miR-19a-3p, indicating that MEG3 has a better value in the diagnosis of HIC. In addition, patients with HIC showed elevated MEG3 expression and inhibited miR-19a-3p expression, thus establishing a negative correlation between MEG3 and miR-19a-3p. MEG3 and TLR7 were both identified as targets of miR-19a-3p, establishing a MEG3/miR-19a-3p/TLR7 signaling pathway, in which MEG3 enhances the expression of TLR7 via inhibiting the expression of miR-19a-3p. CONCLUSION MEG3 level was upregulated in patients with HIC. In addition, MEG3 downregulated miR-19a-3p expression while upregulating TLR7 expression. Furthermore, MEG3 contributes to the pathogenesis of HIC. Therefore, exosomal MEG3 in urine can be used as a biomarker for HIC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuedong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rongfu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinchun Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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96
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Microbiota: a novel regulator of pain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 127:445-465. [PMID: 31552496 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the various regulators of the nervous system, the gut microbiota has been recently described to have the potential to modulate neuronal cells activation. While bacteria-derived products can induce aversive responses and influence pain perception, recent work suggests that "abnormal" microbiota is associated with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we review how the gut microbiota modulates afferent sensory neurons function and pain, highlighting the role of the microbiota/gut/brain axis in the control of behaviors and neurological diseases. We outline the changes in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, and their influence on painful gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, both direct host/microbiota interaction that implicates activation of "pain-sensing" neurons by metabolites, or indirect communication via immune activation is discussed. Finally, treatment options targeting the gut microbiota, including pre- or probiotics, will be proposed. Further studies on microbiota/nervous system interaction should lead to the identification of novel microbial ligands and host receptor-targeted drugs, which could ultimately improve chronic pain management and well-being.
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97
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Pain regulation by gut microbiota: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:637-654. [PMID: 31551115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain, has received increasing attention. The gut microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral pain, whereas recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota may also play a critical role in many other types of chronic pain, including inflammatory pain, headache, neuropathic pain, and opioid tolerance. We present a narrative review of the current understanding on the role of gut microbiota in pain regulation and discuss the possibility of targeting gut microbiota for the management of chronic pain. Numerous signalling molecules derived from gut microbiota, such as by-products of microbiota, metabolites, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators, act on their receptors and remarkably regulate the peripheral and central sensitisation, which in turn mediate the development of chronic pain. Gut microbiota-derived mediators serve as critical modulators for the induction of peripheral sensitisation, directly or indirectly regulating the excitability of primary nociceptive neurones. In the central nervous system, gut microbiota-derived mediators may regulate neuroinflammation, which involves the activation of cells in the blood-brain barrier, microglia, and infiltrating immune cells, to modulate induction and maintenance of central sensitisation. Thus, we propose that gut microbiota regulates pain in the peripheral and central nervous system, and targeting gut microbiota by diet and pharmabiotic intervention may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the management of chronic pain.
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98
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Abstract
Astrocytes are critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS. Increasing evidence suggests that a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic pain, may result from astrocyte 'gliopathy'. Indeed, in recent years there has been substantial progress in our understanding of how astrocytes can regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission via neuronal-glial and glial-glial cell interactions, as well as the involvement of spinal and supraspinal astrocytes in the modulation of pain signalling and the maintenance of neuropathic pain. A role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic itch is also emerging. These developments suggest that targeting the specific pathways that are responsible for astrogliopathy may represent a novel approach to develop therapies for chronic pain and chronic itch.
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99
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Chen G, Zhang YQ, Qadri YJ, Serhan CN, Ji RR. Microglia in Pain: Detrimental and Protective Roles in Pathogenesis and Resolution of Pain. Neuron 2019; 100:1292-1311. [PMID: 30571942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The previous decade has seen a rapid increase in microglial studies on pain, with a unique focus on microgliosis in the spinal cord after nerve injury and neuropathic pain. Numerous signaling molecules are altered in microglia and contribute to the pathogenesis of pain. Here, we discuss how microglial signaling regulates spinal cord synaptic plasticity in acute and chronic pain conditions with different degrees and variations of microgliosis. We highlight that microglial mediators such as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are powerful neuromodulators that regulate synaptic transmission and pain via neuron-glial interactions. We also reveal an emerging role of microglia in the resolution of pain, in part via specialized pro-resolving mediators including resolvins, protectins, and maresins. We also discuss a possible role of microglia in chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yawar J Qadri
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Hale Transformative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Macrophage Toll-like Receptor 9 Contributes to Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Male Mice. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6848-6864. [PMID: 31270160 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3257-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remains a pressing clinical problem; however, our understanding of sexual dimorphism in CIPN remains unclear. Emerging studies indicate a sex-dimorphic role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in driving neuropathic pain. In this study, we examined the role of TLR9 in CIPN induced by paclitaxel in WT and Tlr9 mutant mice of both sexes. Baseline pain sensitivity was not affected in either Tlr9 mutant male or female mice. Intraplantar and intrathecal injection of the TLR9 agonist ODN 1826 induced mechanical allodynia in both sexes of WT and Tlr4 KO mice but failed to do so in Tlr9 mutant mice. Moreover, Trpv1 KO or C-fiber blockade by resiniferatoxin failed to affect intraplantar ODN 1826-induced mechanical allodynia. Interestingly, the development of paclitaxel-evoked mechanical allodynia was attenuated by TLR9 antagonism or Tlr9 mutation only in male mice. Paclitaxel-induced CIPN caused macrophage infiltration to DRGs in both sexes, and this infiltration was not affected by Tlr9 mutation. Paclitaxel treatment also upregulated TNF and CXCL1 in macrophage cultures and DRG tissues in both sexes, but these changes were compromised by Tlr9 mutation in male animals. Intraplantar adoptive transfer of paclitaxel-activated macrophages evoked mechanical allodynia in both sexes, which was compromised by Tlr9 mutation or by treatment with TLR9 inhibitor only in male animals. Finally, TLR9 antagonism reduced paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia in female nude mice (T-cell and B-cell deficient). Together, these findings reveal sex-dimorphic macrophage TLR9 signaling in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major side effect in cancer patients undergoing clinical chemotherapy treatment regimens. The role of sex dimorphism with regards to the mechanisms of CIPN and analgesia against CIPN remains unclear. Previous studies have found that the infiltration of immune cells, such as macrophages into DRGs and their subsequent activation promote CIPN. Interestingly, the contribution of microglia to CIPN appears to be limited. Here, we show that macrophage TLR9 signaling promotes CIPN in male mice only. This study suggests that pathways in macrophages may be sex-dimorphic in CIPN. Our findings provide new insights into the role of macrophage signaling mechanisms underlying sex dimorphism in CIPN, which may inspire the development of more precise and effective therapies.
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