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Sari NP, van IJzendoorn MH, Jansen P, Bakermans-Kranenburg M, Riem MME. Higher Levels of Harsh Parenting During the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Netherlands. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2022; 27:156-162. [PMID: 34134541 PMCID: PMC9003755 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211024748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the impact of COVID-19 indicate that pandemic-related distress increases risks for child maltreatment, although data on the scope of this problem are still scarce. Here, we assessed whether parents with toddlers (n = 206) more often used harsh discipline during the lockdown in the Netherlands compared to a matched parent sample collected prior to the pandemic (n = 1,030). Parents were matched on background characteristics using propensity score matching. We found that harsh parenting levels were significantly elevated compared to pre-pandemic levels. Harsh parenting behaviors with a low prevalence before COVID-19 increased most strongly: shaking, calling names, and calling the child stupid. These results suggest that parental tolerance for children's disobedience is lower under the adverse circumstances of COVID-19 and, as a result, abusive parenting responses are more difficult to inhibit. Thus, a lockdown seems to increase risks for child maltreatment, underscoring the need for effective support strategies for at-risk families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novika Purnama Sari
- Department Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pauline Jansen
- Department Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon M. E. Riem
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Eickels RLV, Zemp M, Grütter J. Familiäre Unterstützung als Schutzfaktor für Jugendliche während der COVID-19-Pandemie. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Familie stellt in Krisen einen zentralen Schutzfaktor für Jugendliche dar. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersuchte die Zusammenhänge zwischen familiärer Unterstützung, der Sorge um die Gesundheit anderer und der psychischen Belastung von Jugendlichen. Methode: Daten einer Online-Studie zum Ende des 1. Lockdowns 2020 in Österreich und der Schweiz wurden mittels eines Strukturgleichungsmodells analysiert. Ergebnisse: Familiäre Unterstützung hing positiv mit der Sorge um die Gesundheit anderer und negativ mit psychischer Belastung zusammen. Die Schweizer Jugendlichen berichteten höhere Sorge um die Gesundheit anderer sowie eine geringere psychische Belastung. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die familiäre Unterstützung spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Befinden und Erleben von Jugendlichen während der Pandemie.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Zemp
- Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Österreich
| | - Jeanine Grütter
- Empirische Bildungsforschung, Universität Konstanz, Deutschland
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Demirdogen ES, Orak I, Cansever OM, Warikoo N, Yavuz M. The associations between metacognition problems, mindfulness, and internalizing symptoms in university students quarantined due to Covid-19 in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:560-567. [PMID: 35020211 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations between internalizing problems, metacognition problems, and mindfulness levels in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN AND METHODS Depression, anxiety, and stress levels were compared between university students quarantined in dormitories and their homes under curfew conditions. The direct and indirect associations between internalizing problems, metacognition problems, and mindfulness levels of students under quarantine were evaluated. FINDINGS Metacognition problems and low mindfulness levels were associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms under quarantine conditions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Therapeutic interventions focusing on metacognition problems and mindfulness levels may reduce the negative psychological effects of quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi S Demirdogen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Orak
- Department of Psychology, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem M Cansever
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nishchint Warikoo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Aldershot Centre for Health, Aldershot, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mesut Yavuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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54
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Association between Mothers’ Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Lives and Their Children’s Social Competence: Sequential Mediating Effects of Mothers’ Social Connectedness and Parenting Stress. ADONGHAKOEJI 2022. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2022.43.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on daily lives and their children’s social competence, as perceived by mothers, through sequential mediating effects of the mothers’ social connectedness and parenting stress.Methods: Participants were 315 mothers with children 3-5 years old in Korea. An online survey using a questionnaire was conducted and preliminary analyses were carried out as descriptive statistics using SPSS Statistics 22.0. Research models were examined by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.4 program.Results: The results revealed that the COVID-19 impact on daily life as perceived by mothers did not show a significant direct effect on their children’s social competence. However, it had a significant indirect effect on children’s social competence through the mothers’ parenting stress, but a nonsignificant effect through the mothers’ social connectedness. Additionally, it had an indirect effect on children’s social competence through sequential mediating effects of both, the mothers’ social connectedness and parenting stress.Conclusion: These findings empirically confirmed the relationships among the perceived impact of COVID-19, mothers’ social connectedness, parenting stress, and their children’s social competence. Furthermore, the results illustrated that high levels of COVID-19 impact on daily lives could lead to low levels of children’s social competence through the effects of mothers’ social connectedness and parenting stress, suggesting a comprehensive framework of social contextual and parenting socio-psychological factors to understand children’s social competence. Therefore, the findings could help to identify points of effective intervention for children’s social-emotional development within a context of mother-child relation in the current epidemic situations.
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Hamid MA, Rahat Qureshi A, Kapoor S, Shabbir W, Arulchelvan A, Vanama M, Abdi F, Gunaseelan L. Mental Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Ontario’s Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e22526. [PMID: 35345734 PMCID: PMC8954999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health and wellbeing of Ontario's youth. Our study investigated the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on the pediatric population of Ontario, using a survey derived from the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) system to identify children who may benefit from seeking professional help. Our cross-sectional study examined the potential risk factors that contributed to worsening mental health and wellbeing in children, including changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and physical activity levels, as well as the diagnosis of a family member with COVID-19. Our study found that 24%, 9.4%, and 15.5% of participants exhibited symptoms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), respectively, according to the RCADS system. Furthermore, there were significant associations between the presence of symptoms and the diagnosis of a family member with COVID-19 or a frontline worker in the family. This suggests a need to create interventions to support the families of frontline workers and those directly affected by a COVID-19 diagnosis.
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56
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Durmuş M, Öztürk Z. The Effect of COVID-19 Outbreak on Older Adults' Hopelessness, Loneliness and Spiritual Well-Being in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:851-865. [PMID: 34997453 PMCID: PMC8740876 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the hopelessness, loneliness and spiritual well-being of older adults and the relationship between these three concepts during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used a cross-sectional, descriptive approach. Data were collected between October 13 and November 13, 2020, with 476 individuals over 65 years living in three different cities in Turkey. Data were collected using a demographic information form, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS) and Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp). During the COVID-19 outbreak, it was found that there was a significant negative relationship between hopelessness, loneliness and spiritual well-being of older adults. In this study, it was found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of hopelessness and loneliness among older adults was below the average score, and their spiritual well-being levels were moderate. Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended that practices which increase hope, strengthen social ties and spiritual support, should be implemented for older individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic period or any other times during which social distancing is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Durmuş
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mus Alparslan University, 49100, Muş, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Öztürk
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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57
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Xu Y, Jedwab M, Wu Q, Levkoff SE, Xu L. Risk and protective factors associated with grandparent kinship caregivers' psychological distress in COVID-19: Kinship license status as a moderator. CHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK 2022; 27:41-54. [PMID: 34548838 PMCID: PMC8444840 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 and its related policy measures have increased the psychological distress of individuals, including grandparent kinship caregivers. Guided by the Resilience Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation, this study examines relationships between material hardship, parenting stress, social support, resilience and psychological distress of grandparent kinship caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the moderating role of kinship license status on these relationships. Kinship care licensing is a prerequisite to receiving financial assistance and other supporting services from the government. We administered a cross-sectional survey of grandparent kinship caregivers (N = 362) in the United States. Logistic regression results indicated that material hardship was associated with higher odds of experiencing psychological distress, whereas resilience and social support were associated with lower odds. Kinship license status moderated the relationships of social support and resilience with psychological distress. Results suggest that additional emergency funds and more tailored financial services should be provided to meet material needs, and interventions with a focus on resilience and social support are particularly needed. The moderating effects of license status indicate that some interventions should be specifically implemented among licensed kinship caregivers, whereas parallel services should be provided to kinship caregivers regardless of their license status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Xu
- College of Social WorkUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Merav Jedwab
- School of Social WorkHadassah Academic CollegeJerusalemIsrael
| | - Qi Wu
- School of Social WorkArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Sue E. Levkoff
- College of Social WorkUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Social WorkUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
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58
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Fan Q, Li Y, Gao Y, Nazari N, Griffiths MD. Self-Compassion Moderates the Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-18. [PMID: 35039750 PMCID: PMC8754517 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation during adolescence is essential for suicide prevention. One potential risk factor is body dissatisfaction which appears to peak during adolescence. The present study investigated the self-compassion buffering effects in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and suicidal ideation. A convenience sample comprising 580 adolescents (mean age 16.35 years; SD = .87; range 14-18 years) was recruited from public schools. The results indicated a strong positive association between body dissatisfaction and suicidal ideation (Cohen's f 2 = .25). The association was significantly moderated by the self-compassion (β = - .16, SE = .04, p = .01, t = 2.4.34, .95% CI [- .16, - .01]). Structural equation modeling analysis showed that the lack of self-kindness was associated with a moderate suicidal ideation level (Cohen's f 2 = .14). Also, higher levels of self-judgment predicted suicidal ideation with a moderate to large effect size (Cohen's f 2 = .28). The findings suggest that therapeutic programs designed to develop self-compassion should be implemented to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation among adolescents with body dissatisfaction. The findings empirically show that a higher degree of self-judgment is strongly associated with suicidal thoughts among adolescents, which must be systematically addressed in clinical studies on suicidal risk. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00727-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- Institute of Mental Health, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 210017 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yang Li
- Mental Health Education Center, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Nabi Nazari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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59
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Nazari N, Hernández RM, Ocaña-Fernandez Y, Griffiths MD. Psychometric Validation of the Persian Self-Compassion Scale Youth Version. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:385-397. [PMID: 35018198 PMCID: PMC8736317 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Empirical research investigating self-compassion is a rapidly developing field, and it is potentially crucial in early adolescence. The primary aim of the present study was to psychometrically evaluate the Persian translation of the Self-Compassion Scale Youth version (SCS-Y) and evaluate its factor structure among young adolescents. The second aim was to explore the buffering effect of self-compassion against the negative effect of difficulties in emotion regulation on COVID-19-related anxiety. Methods A sample of young students (n = 532; mean age 13.57 years) completed an online survey, which included the SCS-Y, Patient Health Questionnaire, Difficulties In Emotion Regulation Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Youth Life Orientation Test, Brief Resilience Scale, and Brief 10-Item Big Five Inventory. First-order (six-factor) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and bi-factor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) analysis were used to evaluate the factor structure of the SCS-Y. Results Results showed that the SCS-Y had very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.88; McDonald's omega coefficient: 0.90), composite reliability (0.87), and adequate test-retest reliability after 4 weeks (0.60). The first-order (six-factor) CFA and bi-factor ESEM analysis demonstrated the SCS-Y had excellent dimensionality. Further analysis found negative associations between self-compassion with both depression and neuroticism, and positive associations between self-compassion with both resilience and optimism. Moreover, self-compassion moderated the association between emotion dysregulation and anxiety generated by the COVID-19. Overall, the findings indicated that the SCS-Y had acceptable criterion-related validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Conclusions The findings provide evidence that the SCS-Y is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the six factors of self-compassion among younger adolescents. Based on the study's findings, self-compassion appears to be a protective factor against mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic for younger adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Nazari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ronald M Hernández
- Unidad de Virtualización Académica, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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60
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Heers M, Lipps O. Overwhelmed by Learning in Lockdown: Effects of Covid-19-enforced Homeschooling on Parents' Wellbeing. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 164:323-343. [PMID: 35761906 PMCID: PMC9218707 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-022-02936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the closure of schools due to the Covid-19-pandemic, parents of schoolchildren had to quickly adapt their daily schedules by taking over responsibilities of homeschooling for their children, while arranging their own schedule. This study first identifies the parents who are most challenged by having to ensure homeschooling responsibilities and then assesses how homeschooling affects different dimensions of parents' wellbeing. Analyzing data from a large general population-representative panel survey in Switzerland, we compare subjective wellbeing before the Covid-19-outbreak to wellbeing at the end of the semi-lockdown. Almost one fifth of parents report being sometimes overwhelmed by homeschooling obligations for their children. Women, mid-aged and lower-educated individuals as well as those with young children and a lower income are particularly overwhelmed. Being sometimes overwhelmed by homeschooling does not cause changes in life satisfaction, stress and negative affect. Yet, it leads to a decrease in positive affect. We derive recommendations for educational and public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Heers
- FORS, c/o University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Lipps
- FORS, c/o University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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61
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Chung G, Lanier P, Wong PYJ. Mediating Effects of Parental Stress on Harsh Parenting and Parent-Child Relationship during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Singapore. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022. [PMID: 32895601 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io.vnf4j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Because of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, "Circuit-breaker" safety distancing was implemented in Singapore from April to May 2020. Schools and workplaces were closed and parents had to balance telecommuting with parenting responsibilities. Coupled with the high degree of economic uncertainty and reduced social support, these circumstances are hypothesized to increase parenting stress. Based on the Parental Stress Model, this study aims to understand how parents' perceived impact of COVID-19 increased harsh parenting and reduced parent-child relationship closeness through the mediating effects of parenting stress. We collected data from 258 parents living in Singapore using online surveys disseminated through Facebook and community organizations. Our predictor was the perceived impact of COVID-19. Parental stress (mediator) was measured with the Parental Stress Scale. Two outcomes were used: parent-child relationship closeness and harsh parenting (spanking, yelling). Using mediation analysis in the SEM framework, we tested the indirect effects using bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. Our results indicated that parenting stress was a significant mediator in the relationship between the perceived impact of COVID-19 and (a) parent-child closeness (indirect effect = -.30, Bootstrap 99% CI[-.59, -.11]) and (b) harsh parenting (indirect effect = .58, Bootstrap 99% CI[.25, .94]). The impact of COVID-19 and stay-home orders can increase parenting stress. This, in turn, has a negative impact on parenting by affecting parents' relationship with their children and increasing the use of harsh parenting. Given that these are risk factors for potential child abuse, supporting parents and mitigating the impact of COVID-19 are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Chung
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro Street CB# 3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550 USA
| | - Paul Lanier
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro Street CB# 3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550 USA
| | - Peace Yuh Ju Wong
- Department of Social Work, National University of Singapore, BLK AS3 Level 4, 3 Arts Link Singapore, 117570 Singapore, Singapore
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62
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Chung G, Lanier P, Wong PYJ. Mediating Effects of Parental Stress on Harsh Parenting and Parent-Child Relationship during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Singapore. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022; 37:801-812. [PMID: 32895601 PMCID: PMC7467635 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-020-00200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Because of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, "Circuit-breaker" safety distancing was implemented in Singapore from April to May 2020. Schools and workplaces were closed and parents had to balance telecommuting with parenting responsibilities. Coupled with the high degree of economic uncertainty and reduced social support, these circumstances are hypothesized to increase parenting stress. Based on the Parental Stress Model, this study aims to understand how parents' perceived impact of COVID-19 increased harsh parenting and reduced parent-child relationship closeness through the mediating effects of parenting stress. We collected data from 258 parents living in Singapore using online surveys disseminated through Facebook and community organizations. Our predictor was the perceived impact of COVID-19. Parental stress (mediator) was measured with the Parental Stress Scale. Two outcomes were used: parent-child relationship closeness and harsh parenting (spanking, yelling). Using mediation analysis in the SEM framework, we tested the indirect effects using bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. Our results indicated that parenting stress was a significant mediator in the relationship between the perceived impact of COVID-19 and (a) parent-child closeness (indirect effect = -.30, Bootstrap 99% CI[-.59, -.11]) and (b) harsh parenting (indirect effect = .58, Bootstrap 99% CI[.25, .94]). The impact of COVID-19 and stay-home orders can increase parenting stress. This, in turn, has a negative impact on parenting by affecting parents' relationship with their children and increasing the use of harsh parenting. Given that these are risk factors for potential child abuse, supporting parents and mitigating the impact of COVID-19 are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Chung
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro Street CB# 3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550 USA
| | - Paul Lanier
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro Street CB# 3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550 USA
| | - Peace Yuh Ju Wong
- Department of Social Work, National University of Singapore, BLK AS3 Level 4, 3 Arts Link Singapore, 117570 Singapore, Singapore
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63
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Orgilés M, Francisco R, Delvecchio E, Espada JP, Mazzeschi C, Pedro M, Morales A. Psychological Symptoms in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese Youth During the COVID-19 Health Crisis: A Longitudinal Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:853-862. [PMID: 34173126 PMCID: PMC8233185 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to slow down the spread of the COVID-19, a lockdown was declared in the first term of 2020 in many European countries, applying different restrictions measures. Although the psychological effects of home confinement in children have been described, there is a lack of longitudinal research examining the impact of the confinement over time. The present study analyzes the evolution of the psychological wellbeing of children and adolescents from three European countries with different restrictions. Parents of 624 Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years old completed the "Impact Scale of COVID-19 and Home Confinement on Children and Adolescents" two, five, and eight weeks after the lockdown. Results show a different pattern for each country. Children from Italy, the first European country that applied a lockdown, were better adapted than Spanish and Portuguese children the first two weeks after confinement but they were more psychologically impacted by home confinement at the eight-week assessment. Portuguese children, who followed a general duty of home confinement, were the best adapted to the situation, with no significant differences over time. A significant change was found in anxiety symptoms in Spanish children, with a decrease at the last assessment. Findings suggest that long confinements and hard restrictions affect children, so prevention measures should be applied during confinements to prevent psychological problems in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Orgilés
- Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de La Universidad S/N, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | | - José P. Espada
- Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de La Universidad S/N, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Marta Pedro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Morales
- Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de La Universidad S/N, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
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Chung G, Lanier P, Wong PYJ. Mediating Effects of Parental Stress on Harsh Parenting and Parent-Child Relationship during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Singapore. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022; 37:801-812. [PMID: 32895601 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/vnf4j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Because of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, "Circuit-breaker" safety distancing was implemented in Singapore from April to May 2020. Schools and workplaces were closed and parents had to balance telecommuting with parenting responsibilities. Coupled with the high degree of economic uncertainty and reduced social support, these circumstances are hypothesized to increase parenting stress. Based on the Parental Stress Model, this study aims to understand how parents' perceived impact of COVID-19 increased harsh parenting and reduced parent-child relationship closeness through the mediating effects of parenting stress. We collected data from 258 parents living in Singapore using online surveys disseminated through Facebook and community organizations. Our predictor was the perceived impact of COVID-19. Parental stress (mediator) was measured with the Parental Stress Scale. Two outcomes were used: parent-child relationship closeness and harsh parenting (spanking, yelling). Using mediation analysis in the SEM framework, we tested the indirect effects using bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. Our results indicated that parenting stress was a significant mediator in the relationship between the perceived impact of COVID-19 and (a) parent-child closeness (indirect effect = -.30, Bootstrap 99% CI[-.59, -.11]) and (b) harsh parenting (indirect effect = .58, Bootstrap 99% CI[.25, .94]). The impact of COVID-19 and stay-home orders can increase parenting stress. This, in turn, has a negative impact on parenting by affecting parents' relationship with their children and increasing the use of harsh parenting. Given that these are risk factors for potential child abuse, supporting parents and mitigating the impact of COVID-19 are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Chung
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro Street CB# 3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550 USA
| | - Paul Lanier
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro Street CB# 3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550 USA
| | - Peace Yuh Ju Wong
- Department of Social Work, National University of Singapore, BLK AS3 Level 4, 3 Arts Link Singapore, 117570 Singapore, Singapore
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Wang Y, Zhang X. Influence of Parental Psychological Flexibility on Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Coping Style. Front Psychol 2021; 12:783401. [PMID: 34956003 PMCID: PMC8692367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.783401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy hinders the establishment of immune barrier in children. Psychological flexibility may be a key contributing factor to pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and self-efficacy and coping style play an important role in the relationship, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on parents from June 2021 to July 2021. A total of 382 parents were recruited for an online-investigation. Serial mediation models were used to examine whether self-efficacy and coping style mediated in the psychological flexibility-pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy linkage. Result: Psychological flexibility was negatively related to pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (r = −0.198, P < 0.001). Coping styles rather than self-efficacy played a mediating role independently (95% CI: −0.263 to −0.058). Serial mediation analyses indicated that self-efficacy and coping style co-play a serial mediating role in the association of psychological flexibility and pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (95% CI: −0.037 to −0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that high psychological flexibility, high self-efficacy, and positive coping style were conducive to the lower pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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66
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Olhaberry M, Sieverson C, Franco P, Romero M, Tagle T, Iribarren D, Honorato C, Muzard A. The impact of COVID-19 on experiences of pregnancy and/or early parenting in Chile. Infant Ment Health J 2021; 43:8-23. [PMID: 34932824 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has impacted families' mental health around the globe. In June 2020, 1163 parents of high (43%), middle (47%), and low socioeconomic status (SES) (10%) participated in an online survey developed to explore how daily life changes and restrictions that came with COVID-19 affected the experiences of pregnancy and/or parenting children under the age of 5 in Chile. The survey's design had an exploratory and descriptive scope, with a mix of qualitative and quantitative questions. With the aim of exploring differences before and after COVID-19, two time periods were established, and the 47-item questionnaire covered participants' sociodemographic information, support networks, health concerns, mood changes, self-regulation, adult and children's perceived well-being, parental competencies and parents' perceptions of the unborn baby and/or their children's needs. The results relative to retrospective reporting of pre-pandemic levels, showed an increase in children's crying and tantrums as well as in parental irritability and sadness. Additionally, decreases in the ability to calm down and sleep quality in both parents and children were identified. Finally, at a qualitative level, COVID-19 stands out both as an opportunity to get to know their children better and as a stressor related to parental burn-out and discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Olhaberry
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Sieverson
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Franco
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Romero
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Trinidad Tagle
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Iribarren
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Honorato
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Muzard
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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Waller R, Powell T, Rodriguez Y, Corbett N, Perlstein S, White LK, Barzilay R, Wagner NJ. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children's Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:1012-1023. [PMID: 33405026 PMCID: PMC7786862 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered family life, but whether family exposures to and worries about the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted child conduct problems (CP) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits is unknown. Thus, we evaluated 303 parents (Mage = 38.04; SD = 5.21; 92.4% biological mothers) and children (Mage = 6.43; SD = 2.13; 51.8% female) during a four-month period early in the pandemic. We examined associations between parental exposures to COVID-19, parental worries about the pandemic, harsh and warm parenting practices, and child CP and CU traits. Although more parental worries were not directly related to parenting practices, more worry about COVID-19 was specifically related to higher levels of child CP, particularly parental worries about themselves or family members contracting the virus. Our findings add to a growing literature demonstrating the burden that the pandemic has placed on families and its implications for children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tralucia Powell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuheiry Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Natalie Corbett
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samantha Perlstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lauren K White
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J Wagner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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68
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Zengin M, Başoğul C, Yayan EH. The effect of online solution-focused support program on parents with high level of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomised controlled study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14839. [PMID: 34514706 PMCID: PMC8646687 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety levels of parents with children aged 3-6 years because of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to examine the effects of Solution-Focused Support Program (SFSP) applied to parents with a high level of anxiety. METHODS The study was conducted as a parallel-group, randomised controlled design. The sample of the study consisted of 77 parents who were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (control group n = 40; intervention group n = 37). One session of online SFSP was applied to the intervention group each week and 4 sessions were applied in total. No intervention was applied to the control group. The data were collected using introductory information form and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) programme and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) 23 application were used in the analysis of the data. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine a hypothesised model that SFSP has both direct and indirect effects on the anxiety levels of parents. RESULTS The state and trait anxiety mean scores of the intervention group decreased compared with the pre-intervention mean scores after the implemented programme. While this difference between state anxiety scores was statistically significant (P ≤ .001), the difference between trait anxiety scores was not statistically significant (P > .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test STAI total scores of the control group. CONCLUSIONS In the study, it has been found that SFSP applied to parents with a high level of anxiety is an effective method in reducing the state anxiety levels of parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mürşide Zengin
- Department of Pediatric NursingFaculty of Health SciencesAdıyaman UniversityAdıyamanTurkey
| | - Ceyda Başoğul
- Department of Psychiatric NursingFaculty of Health SciencesAdıyaman UniversityAdıyamanTurkey
| | - Emriye Hilal Yayan
- Department of Pediatric NursingFaculty of Health Sciencesİnönü UniversityMalatyaTurkey
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69
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Asl EM, Boostani H, Behrouzian F, Rostami H. The mediating role of compassion in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and COVID-19 burnout. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:413. [PMID: 35071619 PMCID: PMC8719540 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1580_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus has caused fundamental changes in our way of life, leading to a wave of psychological distress associated with the COVID-19 epidemic, including stress, anxiety, perceived threats, and fear. Considering the psychological consequences of COVID-19, the present study was conducted with the aim of mediating the role of compassion in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and COVID-19 burnout. MATERIALS AND METHODS The design of the present study was descriptive correlation. The present study population included all students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2020. Two hundred and fifty-one students were selected and completed the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Questionnaire, Compassion Scale, and COVID-19 Burnout Scale. Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation model were performed using SPSS version 18 and LISREL 8.8. RESULTS The results showed that COVID-19 burnout had a positive and significant relationship with the overall score of anxiety syndrome (r = 0.42, P = 0.01), while it has a negative and significant relationship with compassion (r = -0.37, P = 0.01). Compassion also has a significant negative relationship with anxiety syndrome (r = -0.35, P = 0.01). In addition, the results of path analysis showed that compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and COVID-19 burnout. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the present study, it can be said that compassion acts as a protective factor against the negative effects of anxiety syndrome. Therefore, this factor can be considered in the development of prevention and treatment programs for burnout caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mousavi Asl
- Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Hospital, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hatam Boostani
- Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Hospital, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Behrouzian
- Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Hospital, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Rostami
- Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Hospital, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ilari B, Cho E, Li J, Bautista A. Perceptions of Parenting, Parent-Child Activities and Children's Extracurricular Activities in Times of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2021; 31:409-420. [PMID: 34840489 PMCID: PMC8611177 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-02171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of parenting and parent-child activities in American families with children aged 0-16 after social distance measures were put in place. Through an online questionnaire, we examined the extent to which parental role, age, education, and perceptions of work productivity impacted parent perceptions of six parenting categories (positive parenting, inconsistent discipline, positive relationships, positive emotions, self-efficacy, and routine management) during the initial months of the pandemic. We also examined children's participation in extracurricular activities, before and after measures of social distancing were implemented. Perceptions of parenting did not differ based on parental roles, education and age, but work productivity had an impact on parents' perceptions of their own feelings and emotions. Parents who described themselves as highly productive reported higher scores for positive emotions, suggesting a link between work and parental wellbeing. A discrepancy was found between the activities that parents liked and disliked doing with their children, with homework and academic activities being the least liked of all. Children's participation in extracurricular activities was also significantly reduced after social distancing was mandated, with arts activities (music in particular) suffering the least amount of reduction. Findings are discussed considering earlier studies on parenting during COVID-19 and concerted cultivation. Implications for future parenting research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ilari
- University of Southern California, Thornton School of Music, 840 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Eun Cho
- University of California Riverside, Experimental Acoustics Research Studio (EARS), 1935 Chicago Avenue, Unit B, Riverside, CA 92507 USA
| | - Jialin Li
- University of Southern California, Thornton School of Music, 840 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Alfredo Bautista
- Education University of Hong Kong - Department of Early Childhood Education, 10 Lo Ping Rd, Ting Kok, Hong Kong, SAR China
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71
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Dollberg DG, Hanetz-Gamliel K, Levy S. COVID-19, child's behavior problems, and mother's anxiety and mentalization: A mediated moderation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-12. [PMID: 34776719 PMCID: PMC8577641 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the direct and indirect links between COVID-19, maternal anxiety symptoms, and child behavior problems as well as the mediation-moderation links of mothers' anxiety symptoms and mentalization skills with the prediction of child behavior problems. A sample of 140 Israeli mothers with preschool children comprised the study's two groups: A COVID-19 group (n = 53), recruited shortly after the pandemic outbreak, and a pre-COVID-19 group (n = 87), recruited prior to the pandemic. Mothers completed online questionnaires regarding their own anxiety symptoms (BSI anxiety subscale) and their children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors (CBCL). Maternal mentalization was assessed via the mind-mindedness representational procedure. Findings showed that mothers in the COVID-19 group experienced more anxiety symptoms and perceived their children as having more externalizing and internalizing behaviors compared to mothers in the pre-COVID-19 group. Mothers' anxiety symptoms mediated the effect of the pandemic on children's behaviors so that the higher the mothers' anxiety, the more externalizing and internalizing behaviors among the children. Mothers' mentalization moderated the association between the pandemic and the children's externalizing behaviors. Specifically, when mothers showed higher mentalization skills (higher mind-mindedness), the indirect effect of anxiety on the link between COVID-19 and children's externalizing behaviors was weaker compared to when mothers showed lower mentalization skills (lower mind-mindedness). The implications of these findings for preventive and treatment interventions that aim to reduce maternal anxiety and enhance mentalization skills to prevent children's behavior problems in the context of COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna G. Dollberg
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Keren Hanetz-Gamliel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Sigal Levy
- Statistics Education Unit, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Rabenu Yeruham St, P.O.B. 8401, 6818211 Yaffo, Israel
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Sullivan ADW, Forehand R, Acosta J, Parent J, Comer JS, Loiselle R, Jones DJ. COVID-19 and the Acceleration of Behavioral Parent Training Telehealth: Current Status and Future Directions. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2021; 28:618-629. [PMID: 34629838 PMCID: PMC8488182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated social distancing guidelines have accelerated the telehealth transition in mental health. For those providing Behavioral Parent Training (BPT), this transition has called for moving sessions that are traditionally clinic-based, active, and directive to engaging, supporting, and treating families of children with behavior disorders remotely in their homes. Whereas many difficulties accompany this transition, the lessons learned during the current public health crisis have the potential to transform BPT service delivery on a large scale in ways that address many of its long-standing limitations. We describe both challenges and opportunities and consider the possibilities inherent in a large scale BPT service delivery model capable of increasing the reach and impact of evidence-based treatment for all families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Acosta
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University
| | - Justin Parent
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University
| | - Jonathan S Comer
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University
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Marzilli E, Cerniglia L, Tambelli R, Trombini E, De Pascalis L, Babore A, Trumello C, Cimino S. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Families' Mental Health: The Role Played by Parenting Stress, Parents' Past Trauma, and Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11450. [PMID: 34769967 PMCID: PMC8583183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
International research has evidenced the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families, and the key role played by parenting stress levels. Although significant associations with parents' past trauma and resilience have been shown, this study aimed to explore their complex interplay on the relationship between parents' peritraumatic distress due to COVID-19, parenting stress, and children's psychopathological difficulties. We recruited 353 parents with children aged two to 16 years via an online survey during the Italian second wave of COVID-19. Parents' peritraumatic distress due to COVID-19, parenting stress, past trauma and resilience, and children's psychological difficulties were assessed through self-report and report-form questionnaires. Parents' past traumas significantly predicted peritraumatic distress due to COVID-19 and children's psychological difficulties. The relationship between past traumas and children's psychological difficulties was serial mediated by parents' peritraumatic distress and parenting stress. Direct and total effects of parent's resilience on parent's peritraumatic distress were not significant, but there were significant indirect effects via parenting stress and via parents' peritraumatic distress and parenting stress, indicating inconsistent mediation. This study evidenced the key risk and protective role played by, respectively, parents' past traumas exposure and resilience on the relationship between parents' psychological difficulties due to COVID-19, parenting stress, and children's psychological difficulties, with important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Marzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena Trombini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (E.T.); (L.D.P.)
| | - Leonardo De Pascalis
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (E.T.); (L.D.P.)
| | - Alessandra Babore
- Laboratory of Dynamic Psychology, Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Carmen Trumello
- Laboratory of Dynamic Psychology, Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00186 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (R.T.)
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A Relational Sociological Analysis on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Syrian Migrants' Lives in Turkey: The Case of Mersin Province. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2021; 23:1645-1666. [PMID: 34658672 PMCID: PMC8505110 DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic which expeditiously turned into a global health crisis also triggered many risks and uncertainties especially for vulnerable groups such as migrants and refugees as a result of the measures restricting social, economic, and educational life as well as mobility. According to the relational sociological perspective, each uncertainty process creates various changes on social networks and relationships, and these relational changes also affect identities, roles, and relational strategies. With this study, it is aimed to explore the economic, social, and familial impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on Syrian migrants’ lives in Turkey from a relational sociological perspective. The data in the study is obtained by semi-structured qualitative interviews with 13 Syrian citizens living in Mersin province of Turkey. According to the findings of the study, the suspension or slowdown of economic activities due to the pandemic has caused not only an uncertainty about the future, but also a change in familial positions and roles. Also the accepted norms of social relations have been inevitably suspended resulting in increased ambiguity. Strengthening the network of solidarity within relatives and building stronger relationships within the family are common relational strategies of the participants to mitigate the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak, but these strategies will not be adequate if the lockdown process is prolonged. Considering the fact that the lockdown measures can be tightened again at any time, social and economic policies should be expanded to include the Syrian migrants in Turkey.
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Aguiar J, Matias M, Braz AC, César F, Coimbra S, Gaspar MF, Fontaine AM. Parental Burnout and the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Portuguese Parents Experienced Lockdown Measures. FAMILY RELATIONS 2021; 70:927-938. [PMID: 34548725 PMCID: PMC8444754 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to analyze parental burnout (PB) and establish a comparison between the times before (Wave 1) and during (Wave 2) the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic brought additional stress to families. The pandemic could be particularly difficult for parents experiencing parental burnout, a condition that involves four dimensions: an overwhelming sense of exhaustion, emotional distancing from the child, saturation or a loss of fulfillment with the parental role, and a sharp contrast between how parents used to be and how they see themselves now. METHOD A quasi-longitudinal research design was adopted, comparing two cross-sectional studies among Portuguese parents (N = 995), with an interval of 2 years between each wave of data collection. Participants were surveyed voluntarily through an online questionnaire located on the institutional web platform of the universities involved in the study. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to take into account the associations among variables, alongside controlling the possible confounding effects. RESULTS Parents have overall higher parental burnout scores in Wave 2 than Wave 1, with increased exhaustion, emotional distancing, and contrast, but decreased saturation. Although parental burnout levels remain higher for mothers across the two Waves, the growth is greater for fathers than for mothers. CONCLUSION Reconciling childcare with paid work is a stressful and new experience for many fathers. However, results suggest that even amid a crisis, some parents had the opportunity to deeply bond with their children. IMPLICATIONS We expect this work to encourage stakeholders to consider proper intervention strategies to address potential parental burnout. Also, initiatives that strengthen gender equity within parenting context are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Aguiar
- Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Matias
- Center for Psychology and Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Filipa César
- Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- Center for Psychology and Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Gaspar
- Center for Social Studies and Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Koletzko L, Klucker E, Le Thi TG, Breiteneicher S, Rubio-Acero R, Neuhaus L, Stark RG, Standl M, Wieser A, Török H, Koletzko S, Schwerd T. Following Pediatric and Adult IBD Patients through the COVID-19 Pandemic: Changes in Psychosocial Burden and Perception of Infection Risk and Harm over Time. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4124. [PMID: 34575235 PMCID: PMC8464949 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19-associated restrictions impact societies. We investigated the impact in a large cohort of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. METHODS Pediatric (pIBD) and adult patients and pIBD parents completed validated questionnaires for self-perceived stress (Perceived Stress Questionnaire, PSQ) and quality of life from July to October 2020 (1st survey) and March to April 2021 (2nd survey). Analyses were stratified by age groups (6-20, >20-40, >40-60, >60 years). Perceived risk of infection and harm from COVID-19 were rated on a 1-7 scale. An index for severe outcome (SIRSCO) was calculated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Of 820 invited patients, 504 (62%, 6-85 years) patients and 86 pIBD parents completed the 1st, thereof 403 (80.4%) the 2nd survey. COVID-19 restrictions resulted in cancelled doctoral appointments (26.7%), decreased physical activity, increased food intake, unintended weight gain and sleep disturbance. PSQ increased with disease activity. Elderly males rated lower compared to females or younger adults. PSQ in pIBD mothers were comparable to moderate/severe IBD adults. Infection risk and harm were perceived high in 36% and 75.4%. Multivariable logistic models revealed associations of higher perceived risk with >3 household members, job conditions and female gender, and of perceived harm with higher SIRSCO, unintended weight change, but not with gender or age. Cancelled clinic-visits were associated with both. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies prior 2nd infection wave were positive in 2/472 (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS IBD patients report a high degree of stress and self-perceived risk of complications from COVID-19 with major differences related to gender and age. Low seroprevalence may indicate altered immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Koletzko
- Department of Medicine II, LMU Klinikum, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.K.); (S.B.); (L.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Elisabeth Klucker
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Kinderspital, LMU Klinikum, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.K.); (T.G.L.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Thu Giang Le Thi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Kinderspital, LMU Klinikum, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.K.); (T.G.L.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Simone Breiteneicher
- Department of Medicine II, LMU Klinikum, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.K.); (S.B.); (L.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU Klinikum, 80802 Munich, Germany; (R.R.-A.); (A.W.)
| | - Lukas Neuhaus
- Department of Medicine II, LMU Klinikum, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.K.); (S.B.); (L.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Reneé G. Stark
- Institute of Health Economics and Healthcare Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU Klinikum, 80802 Munich, Germany; (R.R.-A.); (A.W.)
| | - Helga Török
- Department of Medicine II, LMU Klinikum, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.K.); (S.B.); (L.N.); (H.T.)
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Kinderspital, LMU Klinikum, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.K.); (T.G.L.T.); (T.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tobias Schwerd
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Kinderspital, LMU Klinikum, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.K.); (T.G.L.T.); (T.S.)
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77
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Meißner U, Carbon CC. ["Co-Ki"-No support for pediatricians on supplying parents with evidence-based information]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021; 169:963-967. [PMID: 34511642 PMCID: PMC8422049 DOI: 10.1007/s00112-021-01306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Meißner
- Kinderarztpraxis PD Dr. Meißner, Hainstr. 20, 96047 Bamberg, Deutschland
| | - Claus-Christian Carbon
- Lehrstuhl für Allg. Psychologie & Methodenlehre, Markusplatz 3, 96047 Bamberg, Deutschland
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78
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Self-Compassion and Rumination Type Mediate the Relation between Mindfulness and Parental Burnout. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168811. [PMID: 34444555 PMCID: PMC8393602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown increased the day-to-day challenges faced by parents, and thereby may have increased parental burnout risk. Therefore, identifying parental burnout protection factors is essential. This study aimed to assess the protective role of the following factors which can be increased through mindfulness practice: trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and concrete vs. abstract ruminations. A total of 459 parents (Mage = 40; 98.7% female) completed self-reported questionnaires at two-time points to assess the predictive role of mindfulness on parental burnout, self-compassion and rumination type, and the mediating role of self-compassion and rumination type in the relation between mindfulness and parental burnout. Results showed that trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and rumination type at Time 1 predicted levels of parental burnout at Time 2. Self-compassion (indirect effects: b = − 22, 95% CI = [−38, −05], p < 0.01), concrete ruminations (indirect effects: b = −20, 95% CI = [−32, −09], p < 0.001), and abstract ruminations (indirect effects: b = −0.54, 95% CI = [−71, −37], p < 0.001) partially mediated the relation between trait-mindfulness and parental burnout. These findings showed that trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and concrete (vs. abstract) ruminations may help prevent parental burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results contribute to the field of research on parental burnout prevention and will allow for the development of effective approaches to mental health promotion in parents.
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79
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Lessard LM, Puhl RM. Adolescents' Exposure to and Experiences of Weight Stigma During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:950-959. [PMID: 34313727 PMCID: PMC8344898 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has increased attention to the proliferation of pediatric obesity amidst significant changes in weight-related health functioning (e.g., compromised physical activity, limited food access, increased stress). The present cross-sectional study investigated adolescents' feelings about their bodies and perceived changes in weight stigma from peers, parents, and social media during the pandemic. METHODS Four hundred fifty-two adolescents (11-17 years old) completed an online survey during the Fall of 2020. Measures assessed perceived changes in exposure to weight stigmatizing social media content (stress eating jokes, weight gain memes) and experiences of weight stigma (weight-based bullying, teasing, hurtful comments) by parents and peers, as well as body dissatisfaction, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Weight status and gender were examined as individual difference variables. RESULTS The majority (53%) of adolescents reported increased exposure to at least one form of weight stigmatizing social media content during the pandemic. Additionally, pandemic-related increases in body dissatisfaction were prevalent (41%), especially among girls with higher body mass index (≥85th percentile; 67%). On average, the extent to which adolescents experienced weight-based mistreatment from parents and peers remained consistent with their pre-pandemic experiences. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings highlight changes in the social messages that adolescents receive about their bodies, as well as their subjective body satisfaction, during the pandemic. Results underscore the need for healthcare providers and mental health professionals to be aware of the potential rise in weight stigma during the pandemic, and encourage families and schools to engage in supportive, rather than stigmatizing, weight-related communication with youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Lessard
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut
| | - Rebecca M Puhl
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, University of Connecticut
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80
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Acceptance and Commitment Training in Applied Behavior Analysis: Where Have You Been All My Life? Behav Anal Pract 2021; 15:43-54. [PMID: 34341679 PMCID: PMC8320414 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining behavior within the context of applied behavior analysis (ABA) from the perspective of acceptance and commitment training (ACTr), while understanding the role of relational framing and the transformation of stimulus function, can better equip behavior analysts to effectively address complex behavior that may be influenced by covert verbal behavior. This approach may lead to a more comprehensive analysis of behavior and result in more effective interventions for socially significant change. The aim of this article is to provide behavior analysts with information and guidance on using relational frame theory (RFT) and ACTr in behavior-analytic services. The article first provides a rationale for considering thoughts as behavior and outlines important components of RFT. Subsequently, the benefits of employing ACTr in ABA are highlighted, including brief descriptions and examples of the use of ACTr within ABA practice. The article highlights the importance of expanding the consideration of maintaining variables when attempting to address maladaptive covert verbal behavior and ultimately aims to encourage a greater number of behavior analysts to adopt RFT and ACTr practices in applied settings.
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81
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Cheng S, Yang Y, Deng M. Psychological Stress and Perceived School Success Among Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:3194-3201. [PMID: 34322825 PMCID: PMC8318045 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study mainly explored psychological stress caused by the COVID-19 among parents in developmental disabilities and how it was related to parents’ views of school success in mainland China. The Psychological Stress Questionnaire and Views of Social and Academic Success were administered to 1919 parents of children with developmental disabilities. Results showed that parent characteristics including gender, age, educational level, family income and job nature and children characteristics (i.e., disability types) were related to psychological stress caused by the COVID-19, and that psychological stress caused by the COVID-19 significantly negatively predicted parents’ views of school success. The contributions, limitations, and implications of the present research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyin Cheng
- Department of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Hubei Research Center for Educational Informationization, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Deng
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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82
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Taylor BK, Frenzel MR, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, White SF, Badura-Brack AS, Wilson TW. Increases in Stressors Prior to-Versus During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States Are Associated With Depression Among Middle-Aged Mothers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:706120. [PMID: 34305763 PMCID: PMC8292718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.706120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Working parents in are struggling to balance the demands of their occupation with those of childcare and homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, studies show that women are shouldering more of the burden and reporting greater levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression relative to men. However, research has yet to show that increases in psychological symptoms are linked to changes in stress during the pandemic. Herein, we conduct a small-N study to explore the associations between stress and psychological symptoms during the pandemic among mothers using structural equation modeling, namely latent change score models. Thirty-three mothers completed questionnaires reporting current anxious and depressive symptoms (Beck Anxiety and Depression Index, respectively), as well as stressful life experiences prior to-versus during the pandemic (Social Readjustment Rating Scale). Women endorsed significantly more stressful events during the pandemic, relative to the pre-pandemic period. Additionally, 58% of mothers scored as moderate-to-high risk for developing a stress-related physical illness in the near future because of their pandemic-level stress. Depressive symptoms were associated with the degree of change in life stress, whereas anxiety symptoms were more related to pre-pandemic levels of stress. The present study preliminarily sheds light on the nuanced antecedents to mothers’ experiences of anxious and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although further work is needed in larger, more diverse samples of mothers, this study highlights the potential need for appropriate policies, and prevention and intervention programs to ameliorate the effects of pandemics on mothers’ mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michaela R Frenzel
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Stuart F White
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Amy S Badura-Brack
- Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
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83
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Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Role of Empathy during COVID-19’s First Wave. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world, and concerns about psychological, social, and economic consequences are growing rapidly. Individuals’ empathy-based reactions towards others may be an important resilience factor in the face of COVID-19. Self-report data from 15,375 participants across 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this study examined different facets of empathy—Perspective-Taking, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress, and their association with cross-cultural ratings on Individualism, Power Distance, The Human Development Index, Social Support Ranking, and the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index, as well as the currently confirmed number of cases of COVID-19 at the time of data collection. The highest ratings on Perspective-Taking were obtained for USA, Brazil, Italy, Croatia, and Armenia (from maximum to minimum); on Empathetic Concern, for the USA, Brazil, Hungary, Italy, and Indonesia; and on Personal Distress, from Brazil, Turkey, Italy, Armenia, Indonesia. Results also present associations between demographic factors and empathy across countries. Limitations and future directions are presented.
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84
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Guan F, Wu Y, Ren W, Zhang P, Jing B, Xu Z, Wu ST, Peng KP, He JB. Self-compassion and the Mitigation of Negative Affect in the Era of Social Distancing. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 12:2184-2195. [PMID: 34221182 PMCID: PMC8236748 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The outbreak of contagious diseases and their associated non-pharmaceutical interventions can lead to negative mental health consequences. This study aimed to investigate online self-compassion exercises' effectiveness in alleviating people's negative affect (anxiety and negative emotions) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods Study 1 examined the associations between self-compassion and negative affect using an anonymous online survey. In study 2, two pilot experiments were conducted to examine online self-compassion exercises' (i.e., instructor-guided meditation and self-guided writing) effectiveness to mitigate individuals' negative affect. In study 3, a randomized controlled study was conducted to further examine online self-compassion writing's effectiveness in reducing people's negative affect. Results The results of study 1 indicated a significant negative association between self-compassion and participants' negative affect. Participants in study 2a reported significant decreases in negative affect after completing the self-compassion meditation. Study 2b showed that participants who completed the self-compassion writing reported significantly more self-compassion and less anxiety when compared to participants who did not. Study 3 showed substantial pre/post-test changes in participants who completed self-compassion writing. Importantly, there were significant increases in participants' self-compassion and decreases in negative affect when compared to participants in the control condition. Conclusions Self-compassion exercises were effective to alleviate individuals' anxiety and reduce negative emotions (even within a brief session) during the pandemic lockdown. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-021-01674-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guan
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ren
- The Department of Youth and Children Work, China Youth University of Political Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Wu
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai-Ping Peng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Bo He
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Letourneau N, McDonald S, MacKay LJ, Bell RC, Hetherington E, Deane AJ, Dewey D, Edwards S, Field CJ, Giesbrecht GF, Graham S, Lebel C, Leung B, Madigan S, McArthur BA, McMorris C, Racine N, Ross KM, Wu M, Tough SC. Cross-Sectional Study Protocol for the COVID-19 Impact Survey of Mothers and Their 7-11 Year Old Children in Alberta, Canada. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:597759. [PMID: 34239455 PMCID: PMC8260076 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.597759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our aim is to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on families who have been followed longitudinally in two cohorts studied in Alberta, Canada. We will examine household infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, financial impact, domestic violence, substance use, child school and daily life and relationships in the home. We will identify risk and protective factors for maternal mental health outcomes using longitudinal data that can inform policy and government resource allocation in future disasters. Methods: Mothers who are currently participating in two longitudinal studies, Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON; N = 1,800) and All Our Families (AOF: N = 2,534) were eligible to participate. Mothers were invited to complete the baseline COVID-19 Impact Survey (20-30 min) within 4 months of March 15, 2020, which was when the province of Alberta, Canada, implemented school closures and physical-distancing measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Mothers were asked to report on their own, their child's and their family's functioning. Mothers were re-surveyed at 6 months after completion of the initial COVID-19 Impact Survey, and will be re-surveyed again at 12 months. Results: Responses from participants in both cohorts will be examined in harmonized analyses as well as separately. Descriptive, multivariable analysis will be undertaken to examine risk and resiliency over time and factors that predict mental health and well-being. Conclusions: This study will provide timely information on the impact of COVID-19 for Albertan families. It will identify risk and protective factors for mental health and well-being among contemporary urban families supported by a publicly funded health care system to inform allocation of resources to support those most vulnerable during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Letourneau
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sheila McDonald
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Rhonda C. Bell
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Erin Hetherington
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea J. Deane
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sarah Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald F. Giesbrecht
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Graham
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brenda Leung
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Public Health Program, Faculty Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carly McMorris
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole Racine
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kharah M. Ross
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Psychology, Centre for Social Sciences, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
| | - Muci Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suzanne C. Tough
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Rapoport E, Reisert H, Schoeman E, Adesman A. Reporting of child maltreatment during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in New York City from March to May 2020. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 116:104719. [PMID: 33162107 PMCID: PMC7480276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School closures and other public health responses have decreased the extent that children interact with mandated reporters and other professionals trained to detect child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between the pandemic public health response and the number of allegations of child abuse or neglect. METHODS This study analyzed monthly data from New York City of the number of child maltreatment allegations, stratified by reporter type (e.g., mandated reporter, education personnel, healthcare personnel), as well as the number of Child Protective Services (CPS) investigations warranting child welfare preventative services. SARIMA models were trained using data from January 2015 to February 2020 to predict expected values for March, April, and May 2020. Observed values were compared against predicted values at an alpha of .05. RESULTS Substantially fewer allegations of child maltreatment were reported than expected in March (-28.8 %, deviation: 1848, 95 % CI: [1272, 2423]), April (-51.5 %, deviation: 2976, 95 % CI: [2382, 3570]), and May 2020 (-46.0 %, deviation: 2959, 95 % CI: [2347, 3571]). Significant decreases in child maltreatment reporting were also noted for all reporter subtypes examined for March, April, and May 2020. Fewer CPS investigations warranted preventative services than expected in March 2020 (-43.5 %, deviation: 303, 95 % CI: [132, 475]). CONCLUSIONS Precipitous drops in child maltreatment reporting and child welfare interventions coincided with social distancing policies designed to mitigate COVID-19 transmission. In light of these findings, educators and healthcare providers must be especially vigilant when engaging online with children and their families for signs of child abuse and/or neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Rapoport
- Department of Pediatrics, Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Hailey Reisert
- Department of Pediatrics, Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Emily Schoeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Adesman
- Department of Pediatrics, Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, United States; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.
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YARAR F, BAYRAMOĞLU S, ŞENOL H. COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.871934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Parental Views of Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1712-1724. [PMID: 33991289 PMCID: PMC8123101 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, the infection caused by the novel coronavirus detected in December 2019 by World Health Organization (WHO), has detrimentally impacted human life in a variety of areas. Many concepts including outbreak, pandemic, and quarantine have been an inseparable part of our lives. This kind of dialectic change naturally affects persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental disorders (DD) and their families. The present study using a mixed-method evaluation aims to reveal the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the family functioning of children specifically with ASD in Turkey. This study promises a holistic understanding of how the lockdown depending on the COVID -19 pandemic affects families and their children with ASD with positive and negative sides.
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89
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Perez D, Thalken JK, Ughelu NE, Knight CJ, Massey WV. Nowhere to Go: Parents' Descriptions of Children's Physical Activity During a Global Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:642932. [PMID: 33981665 PMCID: PMC8107355 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.642932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schools and outdoor public spaces play a substantial role in children's physical activity. Yet, the COVID-19 shelter-in-place mandates bound many children to their available home spaces for learning, movement, and development. The exact effect this mandate had on children's physical activity may vary among families. Objective: To understand, from the perspective of parents, how the COVID-19 shelter-in-place mandates affected children's physical activity, while also considering families' socioeconomic status. Design: Open-ended survey. Setting: Online. Method: Data were collected from 321 parents living in the United States of America. Parents answered an open-ended prompt to describe their children's physical activity during COVID-19 shelter-in-place mandates. Following data collection, inductive and deductive content analysis examined patterns in the data. Results: Analyses indicated that shelter-in-place mandates restricted children's opportunities for physical activity. However, if families had access to outdoor spaces or equipment, they could encourage and support more physical activity opportunities than those without. Families in the lower-income bracket had less access to outdoor space and subsequently those children had fewer opportunities to be physically active. Parents supported their children's physical activity through their involvement and encouragement. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of access to outdoor spaces and equipment for increasing children's physical activity. Findings can be used by educators and policymakers to equitably support families of lower socioeconomic status who reported less access to outdoor spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Perez
- Psychosocial Physical Activity Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Janelle K Thalken
- Psychosocial Physical Activity Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Nzubechukwu E Ughelu
- Psychosocial Physical Activity Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Camilla J Knight
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - William V Massey
- Psychosocial Physical Activity Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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90
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Preuss H, Capito K, van Eickels RL, Zemp M, Kolar DR. Cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion as emotion regulation strategies for parents during COVID-19: An online randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2021; 24:100388. [PMID: 33912402 PMCID: PMC8063732 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parenting during pandemic restrictions places extreme demands on everyday family life, leading to increased stress levels for parents and distressed parent-child interactions. This RCT aimed to investigate whether cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion are helpful emotion regulation (ER) strategies to reduce individual and parental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD An online intervention for parents was developed focusing on the application of ER strategies to pandemic requirements of families. A sample of 265 parents were randomly assigned to either cognitive reappraisal (CR; n = 88), self-compassion (SC; n = 90) or wait-list control (WLC; n = 87) group. Interventions included two video sessions (day 1 and day 3) and three email reminders to transfer the application of ER strategies to daily family life (days 2, 4, 5). Parents' perceived individual stress and parental stress were assessed at baseline (T0), at T1 prior to the booster session on day 3, and at T2 (7 days after baseline). RESULTS Significant decreases from T0 to T2 emerged for both primary stress outcomes in both intervention groups. Individual stress significantly decreased in CR compared to WLC at T2, but not compared to SC. No time × group interactions for parental stress were found. However, mediation analyses suggested that parental stress was indirectly decreased via reductions in individual stress for CR compared to WLC at both time points. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 will not be the last pandemic to affect family life. Cognitive reappraisal as a brief online intervention can ease acute stress and strengthen the mental health of parents in acute crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Preuss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klara Capito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rahel Lea van Eickels
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Renngasse 6-8, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Zemp
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Renngasse 6-8, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Raphael Kolar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
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91
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Stoecklin D, Gervais C, Kutsar D, Heite C. Lockdown and Children’s Well-Being: Experiences of Children in Switzerland, Canada and Estonia. CHILDHOOD VULNERABILITY JOURNAL 2021. [PMCID: PMC8006873 DOI: 10.1007/s41255-021-00015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper addresses the well-being of children in Switzerland, Canada and Estonia, as they experienced the lockdown imposed by governments after the state of international public health emergency, declared by the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. Suspension of school or starting with distance learning, cessation of extracurricular activities, closure of playgrounds, parks, shopping centres and loss of daily contacts with friends completely transformed children’s lives. The surveys conducted by the authors in individual ways, were all inspired by their membership to the Children’s Understandings of Well-Being network and involved the participation of 403 children aged 7–17 years old (229 girls and 174 boys). They present the emerging trends from the children’s narratives focusing on their experience of the lockdown in relation to family life, school life, contacts with friends, and in relation to space, time and self. During the lockdown leisure activities and hobbies, followed by life with friends and school life challenged relational well-being the most, while family life opened up new perspectives and generational solidarity. Staying at home and decreased physical activity impacted on the physical health of children, missing direct contacts with friends and teachers put social relations to test, fear of the virus decreased feeling safe and secure, and the lockdown restricted participation in society. The findings underline the relational nature of their well-being. More in-depth studies are needed to highlight the widening of inequalities and the balance between protection and participation of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stoecklin
- Centre for Children’s Rights Studies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Gervais
- Nursing Department, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Québec, Canada
| | - Dagmar Kutsar
- Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Catrin Heite
- Institute of Educational Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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92
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Daily Life Changes and Life Satisfaction among Korean School-Aged Children in the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063324. [PMID: 33807042 PMCID: PMC8004811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has been disrupting the daily lives of people across the world, causing a major concern for psychological well-being in children. This study aimed to examine (1) how life satisfaction and its potential predictors have been affected by the pandemic among school-aged children in Korea, and (2) which factors would predict their life satisfaction during the pandemic. We surveyed 166 fourth-graders in the Seoul metropolitan area to assess their psychological well-being and potentially related variables during the pandemic. The data were compared with those available from two pre-COVID-19 surveys, the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (n = 1236) and the 2019 Korean Children and Youth Well-being Index Survey (n = 334). Higher levels of stress were observed in children during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the level of their life satisfaction remained unchanged when compared with data from the pre-COVID-19 surveys. The pandemic also affected peer relationship quality and susceptibility to smartphone addiction, but not perceived parenting style nor academic engagement. Interestingly, peer relationship quality no longer predicted life satisfaction during the pandemic; perceived parenting styles and parent-child conversation time predicted life satisfaction. The results suggest a central role of parent-child relationship in supporting the psychological well-being of school-aged children during the pandemic.
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93
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Rogers G, Perez-Olivas G, Stenfert Kroese B, Patel V, Murphy G, Rose J, Cooper V, Langdon PE, Hiles S, Clifford C, Willner P. The experiences of mothers of children and young people with intellectual disabilities during the first COVID-19 lockdown period. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 34:1421-1430. [PMID: 33759291 PMCID: PMC8250127 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent COVID-19 lockdown restrictions resulted in reduced access to educational, professional and social support systems for children with intellectual disabilities and their carers. AIM The aim of this study was to gain insight into the ways mothers of children with intellectual disabilities coped during the first 2020 lockdown period. METHODS Eight mothers of children with intellectual disabilities were interviewed. The recordings of these interviews were subjected to a thematic analysis. RESULTS Three main themes were identified: carrying the burden; a time of stress; and embracing change and looking to the future. CONCLUSIONS All mothers experienced increased burden and stress. However, some also described some positive impact of lockdown conditions on them as well as on their child's well-being and behaviour. These findings are discussed in the light of the (Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33, 2020, 1523) survey results on parental coping and suggestions for future service provision during pandemic conditions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Rogers
- The Tarentfort Centre, Kent and Medway NHS and Social Care Partnership Trust, Dartford, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Varsha Patel
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - John Rose
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Peter E Langdon
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Steve Hiles
- Swansea Trials Unit, Clinical Research Facility, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Paul Willner
- Swansea Trials Unit, Clinical Research Facility, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Supporting parents of children with chronic conditions: A randomized controlled trial of web-based and self-help ACT interventions. Internet Interv 2021; 24:100382. [PMID: 33816128 PMCID: PMC8010620 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many parents of children with chronic conditions and developmental disabilities experience high rates of burnout and psychological distress. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of two differently delivered interventions based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on symptoms of burnout, depression, quality of life, psychological flexibility, and mindfulness skills. METHOD A total of 110 parents of children aged 0.8 to 17 years with chronic conditions and developmental disabilities participated in a randomized controlled trial lasting 13 weeks with two intervention groups: (1) an iACT intervention, including three psychologist-led video conferencing sessions, and (2) a self-help ACT, which received self-help material: an ACT-based booklet with the possibility of using ACT-based online exercises. RESULTS For the main outcome measure burnout, a similar decrease was found in both groups. The supported iACT intervention produced significantly larger improvements in depressive symptoms (d = 0.49), psychological flexibility (d = 0.64), and mindfulness (d = 0.55) compared to the self-help ACT intervention. For health-related quality of life, only the dimension of role limitations caused by emotional problems showed a significant difference in favor of the supported iACT (d = 0.58). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the iACT intervention including three video conferencing sessions with a psychologist produced broader improvements in parents' psychological well-being than the self-help ACT. Overall, Internet-delivered interventions and video conferencing technology may offer a feasible alternative to psychological support and self-care for parents of children with chronic conditions. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of the current delivery models.
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95
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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Mental Health: An Extensive Narrative Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has surprised health authorities around the world producing a global health crisis. This research discusses the main psychosocial stressors associated with COVID-19 in the literature, and the responses of global public mental health services to these events. Thus, a consensus and critical review were performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The method was a systematic literature review (SLR) of the available literature regarding mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct the present narrative review. Different stressors are identified in this pandemic, from psychophysiological, confinement, to social and work. Depending on the level of severity and the country of origin, various interventions have been applied that mark different ways of returning to normality and preparing new interventions. This new stressor has a direct impact on the mental health of the population, provoking governments, and health services to become more flexible, innovate and adapt to the changing situation. The use of technology and mass media could be an important tool in this aim. Independent of this, preparing the general population for possible future waves of the pandemic is currently the best measure to mitigate more serious effects on the mental health of the population.
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96
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Yildirim H, Işik K, Aylaz R. The effect of anxiety levels of elderly people in quarantine on depression during covid-19 pandemic. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 36:194-204. [PMID: 33413035 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2020.1868372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect on depression of elderly people's anxiety levels in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a descriptive study, in which data were collected using the online survey method, an introductory information form, a semistructured data form for COVID-19, the Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Data were collected during the period when a curfew was imposed for the elderly. Data were analyzed using a structural equation model. According to the structural equation model, anxiety was determined as a predictor of depression. The anxiety levels of the elderly who were 65-74 years old, female, single; had insufficient knowledge about the pandemic; and had not encountered a similar outbreak before considered that family relationships were affected negatively so they became lonely and reported that they became bored, exhausted, and distressed during the pandemic, which increased their depression levels. Anxiety affects depression in the elderly. Therefore, it is recommended to provide them with appropriate psychological support interventions and understandable information about the pandemic so that their anxiety and depression levels can be reduced during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Yildirim
- Department of Puplic Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Kevser Işik
- Department of Puplic Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Rukuye Aylaz
- Department of Puplic Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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97
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Assenza C, Catania H, Antenore C, Gobbetti T, Gentili P, Paolucci S, Morelli D. Continuity of Care During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Survey on Stakeholders' Experience With Telerehabilitation. Front Neurol 2021; 11:617276. [PMID: 33519697 PMCID: PMC7838679 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.617276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore professionals', adult patients', and children's caregivers' perception and satisfaction with telerehabilitation during COVID-19 lockdown. Design: An observational transversal study on a web-based survey was conducted in order to explore participants' perception and satisfaction of telerehabilitation during COVID-19 lockdown. Setting: The study was conducted at our Outpatient Neurorehabilitation Service. Subjects: All rehabilitation professionals, adult patients, and children's caregivers who accepted telerehabilitation were recruited. Interventions: Participants had to respond to the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 and to a purpose-built questionnaire on their perception and satisfaction of the service provided. Main Measures: Data were analyzed by qualitative statistics and logistic regression models. Results: All 144 caregivers, 25 adult patients, and 50 professionals reported a medium-high level of perception and a high level of satisfaction. Results showed a correlation among caregivers of children aged 0-3 and feeling overwhelmed with remote care (OR = 3.27), a low perception of telerehabilitation for enhancing goals (OR = 6.51), and a high perception of feeling helped in organizing daily activity (OR = 2.96). For caregivers of children aged over 6 years, changes in the therapy plan were related to a low perception of feeling in line with the in-person therapy (OR = 2.61 and OR = 9.61) and a low satisfaction (OR = 5.54 and OR = 4.97). Changes in therapy were related to concern (OR = 4.20). Caregivers under 40 and professionals showed a high probability to perceive telerehabilitation as supportive (OR = 2.27 and OR = 5.68). Level of experience with remote media was shown to influence perception and satisfaction. Interpretation: Telerehabilitation can be a useful practice both during a health emergency and in addition to in-presence therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Assenza
- Neurorehabilitation Outpatient Department, Santa Lucia Foundation (Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care), Rome, Italy
| | - Hilenia Catania
- Neurorehabilitation Outpatient Department, Santa Lucia Foundation (Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care), Rome, Italy
| | - Clementina Antenore
- Neurorehabilitation Outpatient Department, Santa Lucia Foundation (Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care), Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Gobbetti
- Neurorehabilitation Outpatient Department, Santa Lucia Foundation (Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gentili
- Neurorehabilitation Outpatient Department, Santa Lucia Foundation (Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Paolucci
- Clinical Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, Santa Lucia Foundation (Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Morelli
- Neurorehabilitation Outpatient Department, Santa Lucia Foundation (Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care), Rome, Italy
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98
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Herbert JS, Mitchell A, Brentnall SJ, Bird AL. Identifying Rewards Over Difficulties Buffers the Impact of Time in COVID-19 Lockdown for Parents in Australia. Front Psychol 2021; 11:606507. [PMID: 33391126 PMCID: PMC7773812 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Physical isolation measures, known as lockdown or shelter-in-place, experienced during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have the potential to cause psychological distress. This study was conducted to examine parents' perceived stress and whether reports of rewards and challenges during lockdown impact stress. Methods Data were collected using a cross-sectional online survey in New South Wales, Australia, across the 4-week lockdown. The survey was completed by 158 parents of children aged under 6 years. Stress was measured using the short form of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4). Rewards and challenges were reported in response to two open-ended questions. Results There was a weak negative correlation between PSS-4 scores and days in isolation (r = -0.167, p = 0.022), with parents who had spent longer in isolation reporting fewer stress symptoms. The relationship between time in isolation and stress was moderated by the degree to which parents described more rewards than challenges: parents who perceived high rewards and low challenges reported lower PSS-4 scores with more days in lockdown, whereas parents who perceived low rewards and high challenges reported higher PSS-4 scores with more days in lockdown. The moderation model examining associations between time in isolation and rewards ratio explained 13% of the variance in PSS-4 scores. Conclusion Lockdowns are not uniformly or consistently negative experiences for parents. Identifying positive aspects of the experience may serve to buffer negative mental health risks across time. Understanding resilience strategies is critical for supporting current psychological wellbeing and to adequately prepare for future pandemic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Herbert
- Wollongong Infant Learning Lab, School of Psychology and Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Annaleise Mitchell
- Wollongong Infant Learning Lab, School of Psychology and Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart J Brentnall
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy L Bird
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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99
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Volk AA, Brazil KJ, Franklin-Luther P, Dane AV, Vaillancourt T. The influence of demographics and personality on COVID-19 coping in young adults. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 168:110398. [PMID: 32952250 PMCID: PMC7492069 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented effect on human behavior and well-being. Demographic factors and personality traits have been shown to independently influence whether individuals adopt adaptive or maladaptive coping responses. However, to date, researchers have not considered how demographics and personality could interact to influence COVID-19 coping responses. In a sample of 516 North American young adults, we found direct links from two demographic factors (i.e., income and having children) and from multiple personality traits (as captured by the HEXACO model) to adaptive and maladaptive COVID-19 coping responses. We also found that personality indirectly linked a broader range of demographic factors (income, age, gender, having children) with COVID-19 coping responses. We encourage future research on COVID-19 coping responses to consider not just the individual contributions of demographics and personality, but their interdependent influence on whether individuals adopt more or less adaptive COVID-19 pandemic coping responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Volk
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Kristopher J Brazil
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Andrew V Dane
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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100
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Farsi D, Farsi N. Mothers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Fears About Dental Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:83-91. [PMID: 33688477 PMCID: PMC7934827 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_395_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess mothers' knowledge of coronavirus disease 2019 and to evaluate their attitudes and fears about dental visits during the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A structured questionnaire, developed in English and Arabic, adapted from previous questionnaires was remotely applied to a sample of 833 mothers of children aged 17 years and younger, from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Eligible participants were encouraged to invite others. The questionnaire collected information on knowledge about COVID-19, dental visit patterns, willingness of mothers to take their children to the dentist, and factors affecting it during the pandemic. Frequencies and percentages of categorical variables were presented, and predictors of willingness to visit a dentist during the pandemic were examined by logistic regression. RESULTS Mothers who perceived the dental clinic to be of less or similar danger to public places were more willing to take their children to the dentist during the pandemic than were those who perceived it to be more dangerous (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-7.0; OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.8, respectively). Mothers who were willing to go to the dentist during the pandemic were more likely to take their children to the dentist compared with mothers who were not willing to go themselves, OR = 16.9 (6.0-47.1). The most commonly reported barrier to visiting the dental clinic was fear of contracting the virus from someone there (80%). Most parents did not take their child to the dentist during the pandemic (83%), and 24% of those who had an appointment did not allow their children to attend. CONCLUSION Mothers were unlikely to take their children to the dentist except for an emergency and perceived the dental clinic as a risky place for contracting the virus. More reassuring information about infection control measures at dental clinics should be delivered to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema Farsi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Farsi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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