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Abstract
Addiction is commonly identified with habitual nonmedical self-administration of drugs. It is usually defined by characteristics of intoxication or by characteristics of withdrawal symptoms. Such addictions can also be defined in terms of the brain mechanisms they activate; most addictive drugs cause elevations in extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Animals unable to synthesize or use dopamine lack the conditioned reflexes discussed by Pavlov or the appetitive behavior discussed by Craig; they have only unconditioned consummatory reflexes. Burst discharges (phasic firing) of dopamine-containing neurons are necessary to establish long-term memories associating predictive stimuli with rewards and punishers. Independent discharges of dopamine neurons (tonic or pacemaker firing) determine the motivation to respond to such cues. As a result of habitual intake of addictive drugs, dopamine receptors expressed in the brain are decreased, thereby reducing interest in activities not already stamped in by habitual rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Wise
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA; .,Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA;
| | - Mykel A Robble
- Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA;
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52
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Liu Y, Montgomery SE, Juarez B, Morel C, Zhang S, Kong Y, Calipari ES, Nestler EJ, Zhang L, Han MH. Different adaptations of dopamine release in Nucleus Accumbens shell and core of individual alcohol drinking groups of mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108176. [PMID: 32497591 PMCID: PMC7492398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) places a tremendous burden on society, with approximately two billion alcohol users in the world. While most people drink alcohol recreationally, a subpopulation (3-5%) engages in reckless and compulsive drinking, leading to the development of AUD and alcohol dependence. The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)-Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) circuit has been shown to encode rewarding stimuli and drive individual alcohol drinking behavior. Our previous work successfully separated C57BL/6J isogenic mice into high or low alcohol drinking subgroups after a 12-day, two-bottle choice voluntary alcohol access paradigm. Electrophysiological studies revealed that low alcohol drinking mice exhibited elevated spontaneous and burst firing properties of their VTA dopamine (DA) neurons and specifically mimicking this pattern of activity in VTA-NAc neurons in high alcohol drinking mice using optogenetics decreased their alcohol preference. It is also known that VTA DA neurons encode the salience and rewarding properties of external stimuli while also regulating downstream dopamine concentrations. Here, as a follow-up to this study, we utilized Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV) to examine dopamine release in the NAc shell and core between alcohol drinking groups. We observed dynamic changes of dopamine release in the core of high drinking mice, but failed to see widely significant differences of dopamine release in the shell of both groups, when compared with ethanol-naive controls. Overall, the present data suggest subregion-specific differences of evoked dopamine release in the NAc of low and high alcohol drinking mice, and may provide an anatomical substrate for individual alcohol drinking behavior. This article is part of the special issue on Stress, Addiction and Plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah E Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Juarez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, USA
| | - Carole Morel
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yimeng Kong
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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53
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The role of dopamine pharmacotherapy and addiction-like behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 102:109942. [PMID: 32272129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Addictions involve a spectrum of behaviors that encompass features of impulsivity and compulsivity, herein referred to as impulsive-compulsive spectrum disorders (ICSDs). The etiology of ICSDs likely involves a complex interplay among neurobiological, psychological and social risk factors. Neurobiological risk factors include the status of the neuroanatomical circuits that govern ICSDs. These circuits can be altered by disease, as well as exogenous influences such as centrally-acting pharmacologics. The 'poster child' for this scenario is Parkinson's disease (PD) medically managed by pharmacological treatments. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that involves a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons largely within nigrostriatal projections. Replacement therapy includes dopamine receptor agonists that directly activate postsynaptic dopamine receptors (bypassing the requirement for functioning presynaptic terminals). Some clinically useful dopamine agonists, e.g., pramipexole and ropinirole, exhibit high affinity for the D2/D3 receptor subtypes. These agonists provide excellent relief from PD motor symptoms, but some patients exhibit debilitating ICSD. Teasing out the neuropsychiatric contribution of PD-associated pathology from the drugs used to treat PD motor symptoms is challenging. In this review, we posit that modern clinical and preclinical research converge on the conclusion that dopamine replacement therapy can mediate addictions in PD and other neurological disorders. We provide five categories of evidences that align with this position: (i) ICSD prevalence is greater with D2/D3 receptor agonist therapy vs PD alone. (ii) Capacity of dopamine replacement therapy to produce addiction-like behaviors is independent of disease for which the therapy is being provided. (iii) ICSD-like behaviors are recapitulated in laboratory rats with and without PD-like pathology. (iv) Behavioral pathology co-varies with drug exposure. (v) ICSD Features of ICSDs are consistent with agonist pharmacology and neuroanatomical substrates of addictions. Considering the underpinnings of ICSDs in PD should not only help therapeutic decision-making in neurological disorders, but also apprise ICSDs in general.
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54
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Urakubo H, Yagishita S, Kasai H, Ishii S. Signaling models for dopamine-dependent temporal contiguity in striatal synaptic plasticity. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008078. [PMID: 32701987 PMCID: PMC7402527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals remember temporal links between their actions and subsequent rewards. We previously discovered a synaptic mechanism underlying such reward learning in D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing spiny projection neurons (D1 SPN) of the striatum. Dopamine (DA) bursts promote dendritic spine enlargement in a time window of only a few seconds after paired pre- and post-synaptic spiking (pre-post pairing), which is termed as reinforcement plasticity (RP). The previous study has also identified underlying signaling pathways; however, it still remains unclear how the signaling dynamics results in RP. In the present study, we first developed a computational model of signaling dynamics of D1 SPNs. The D1 RP model successfully reproduced experimentally observed protein kinase A (PKA) activity, including its critical time window. In this model, adenylate cyclase type 1 (AC1) in the spines/thin dendrites played a pivotal role as a coincidence detector against pre-post pairing and DA burst. In particular, pre-post pairing (Ca2+ signal) stimulated AC1 with a delay, and the Ca2+-stimulated AC1 was activated by the DA burst for the asymmetric time window. Moreover, the smallness of the spines/thin dendrites is crucial to the short time window for the PKA activity. We then developed a RP model for D2 SPNs, which also predicted the critical time window for RP that depended on the timing of pre-post pairing and phasic DA dip. AC1 worked for the coincidence detector in the D2 RP model as well. We further simulated the signaling pathway leading to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation and clarified the role of the downstream molecules of AC1 as the integrators that turn transient input signals into persistent spine enlargement. Finally, we discuss how such timing windows guide animals' reward learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Urakubo
- Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sho Yagishita
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Ishii
- Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
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55
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Carr KD. Homeostatic regulation of reward via synaptic insertion of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in nucleus accumbens. Physiol Behav 2020; 219:112850. [PMID: 32092445 PMCID: PMC7108974 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The incentive effects of food and related cues are determined by stimulus properties and the internal state of the organism. Enhanced hedonic reactivity and incentive motivation in energy deficient subjects have been demonstrated in animal models and humans. Defining the neurobiological underpinnings of these state-based modulatory effects could illuminate fundamental mechanisms of adaptive behavior, as well as provide insight into maladaptive consequences of weight loss dieting and the relationship between disturbed eating behavior and substance abuse. This article summarizes research of our laboratory aimed at identifying neuroadaptations induced by chronic food restriction (FR) that increase the reward magnitude of drugs and associated cues. The main findings are that FR decreases basal dopamine (DA) transmission, upregulates signaling downstream of the D1 DA receptor (D1R), and triggers synaptic incorporation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Selective antagonism of CP-AMPARs decreases excitatory postsynaptic currents in NAc medium spiny neurons of FR rats and blocks the enhanced rewarding effects of d-amphetamine and a D1R, but not a D2R, agonist. These results suggest that FR drives CP-AMPARs into the synaptic membrane of D1R-expressing MSNs, possibly as a homeostatic response to reward loss. FR subjects also display diminished aversion for contexts associated with LiCl treatment and centrally infused cocaine. An encompassing, though speculative, hypothesis is that NAc synaptic incorporation of CP-AMPARs in response to food scarcity and other forms of sustained reward loss adaptively increases incentive effects of reward stimuli and, at the same time, diminishes responsiveness to aversive stimuli that have potential to interfere with goal pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Carr
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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56
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Rubin JE, Vich C, Clapp M, Noneman K, Verstynen T. The credit assignment problem in cortico‐basal ganglia‐thalamic networks: A review, a problem and a possible solution. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2234-2253. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Rubin
- Department of Mathematics Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Catalina Vich
- Department de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code Universitat de les Illes Balears Palma Spain
| | - Matthew Clapp
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Kendra Noneman
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering Boise State University Boise ID USA
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA
- Department of Psychology Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA
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57
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Hunger L, Kumar A, Schmidt R. Abundance Compensates Kinetics: Similar Effect of Dopamine Signals on D1 and D2 Receptor Populations. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2868-2881. [PMID: 32071139 PMCID: PMC7117896 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1951-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromodulator dopamine plays a key role in motivation, reward-related learning, and normal motor function. The different affinity of striatal D1 and D2 dopamine receptor types has been argued to constrain the D1 and D2 signaling pathways to phasic and tonic dopamine signals, respectively. However, this view assumes that dopamine receptor kinetics are instantaneous so that the time courses of changes in dopamine concentration and changes in receptor occupation are basically identical. Here we developed a neurochemical model of dopamine receptor binding taking into account the different kinetics and abundance of D1 and D2 receptors in the striatum. Testing a large range of behaviorally-relevant dopamine signals, we found that the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor populations responded very similarly to tonic and phasic dopamine signals. Furthermore, because of slow unbinding rates, both receptor populations integrated dopamine signals over a timescale of minutes. Our model provides a description of how physiological dopamine signals translate into changes in dopamine receptor occupation in the striatum, and explains why dopamine ramps are an effective signal to occupy dopamine receptors. Overall, our model points to the importance of taking into account receptor kinetics for functional considerations of dopamine signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Current models of basal ganglia function are often based on a distinction of two types of dopamine receptors, D1 and D2, with low and high affinity, respectively. Thereby, phasic dopamine signals are believed to mostly affect striatal neurons with D1 receptors, and tonic dopamine signals are believed to mostly affect striatal neurons with D2 receptors. This view does not take into account the rates for the binding and unbinding of dopamine to D1 and D2 receptors. By incorporating these kinetics into a computational model we show that D1 and D2 receptors both respond to phasic and tonic dopamine signals. This has implications for the processing of reward-related and motivational signals in the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hunger
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Computational Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom, and
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58
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Robble MA, Bozsik ME, Wheeler DS, Wheeler RA. Learned avoidance requires VTA KOR-mediated reductions in dopamine. Neuropharmacology 2020; 167:107996. [PMID: 32057802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proper learning from an aversive experience is essential for survival, yet it is an aberrant process in a wide range of mental disorders, as well as dopaminergic neurodegenerative disease. While the mesolimbic dopamine system is known to be essential for reward learning, the characterization of a potential pattern of dopamine signaling that guides avoidance remains unknown. Aversive stimuli may directly modulate dopamine signaling through the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system, as kappa opioid receptors are expressed in this neural circuit and their activation is aversive in both rodents and humans. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) KORs are ideally positioned to directly shape aversion-induced reductions in dopamine signaling, but their role in this process has received little consideration. To determine the necessity of VTA KOR activity in the regulation of dopamine signaling and avoidance, we tested the effects of VTA KOR blockade on real time dopaminergic responses to aversive stimuli and learned avoidance in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We found that blockade of VTA KORs attenuated aversion-induced reductions in dopamine, and this treatment also prevented avoidance following the aversive experience. To determine whether aversion-induced reductions in striatal dopamine are necessary for avoidance, we tested avoidance following treatment with an intra nucleus accumbens D2 receptor agonist. This treatment also prevented avoidance and is consistent with the view that aversion-induced reductions in dopamine reduce dopamine signaling at high affinity D2 receptors and disinhibit an aversion-sensitive striatal output circuit to promote avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykel A Robble
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 561 N. 15th St SC 446, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Mary E Bozsik
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 561 N. 15th St SC 446, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Daniel S Wheeler
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 561 N. 15th St SC 446, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Robert A Wheeler
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 561 N. 15th St SC 446, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
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59
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Petrelli F, Dallérac G, Pucci L, Calì C, Zehnder T, Sultan S, Lecca S, Chicca A, Ivanov A, Asensio CS, Gundersen V, Toni N, Knott GW, Magara F, Gertsch J, Kirchhoff F, Déglon N, Giros B, Edwards RH, Mothet JP, Bezzi P. Dysfunction of homeostatic control of dopamine by astrocytes in the developing prefrontal cortex leads to cognitive impairments. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:732-749. [PMID: 30127471 PMCID: PMC7156348 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes orchestrate neural development by powerfully coordinating synapse formation and function and, as such, may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental abnormalities and cognitive deficits commonly observed in psychiatric disorders. Here, we report the identification of a subset of cortical astrocytes that are competent for regulating dopamine (DA) homeostasis during postnatal development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), allowing for optimal DA-mediated maturation of excitatory circuits. Such control of DA homeostasis occurs through the coordinated activity of astroglial vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) together with organic cation transporter 3 and monoamine oxidase type B, two key proteins for DA uptake and metabolism. Conditional deletion of VMAT2 in astrocytes postnatally produces loss of PFC DA homeostasis, leading to defective synaptic transmission and plasticity as well as impaired executive functions. Our findings show a novel role for PFC astrocytes in the DA modulation of cognitive performances with relevance to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrelli
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Dallérac
- 0000 0001 2176 4817grid.5399.6Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université UMR7286 CNRS, 13344 Marseille, Cedex 15 France
| | - Luca Pucci
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Calì
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland ,0000 0001 1926 5090grid.45672.32BESE division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-69000 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamara Zehnder
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Sultan
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Lecca
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Chicca
- 0000 0001 0726 5157grid.5734.5Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBMM), University of Bern, Buehlstrasse, 28 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Ivanov
- “Biophotonics and Synapse Physiopathology” Team, UMR9188 CNRS – ENS Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cédric S. Asensio
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Vidar Gundersen
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1CMBN, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicolas Toni
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graham William Knott
- 0000000121839049grid.5333.6BioEM Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Magara
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- 0000 0001 0726 5157grid.5734.5Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBMM), University of Bern, Buehlstrasse, 28 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- 0000 0001 2167 7588grid.11749.3aDepartment of Molecular Physiology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Déglon
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland ,0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Giros
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H1R3 Canada ,0000 0001 2112 9282grid.4444.0INSERM, UMRS 1130; CNRS, UMR 8246; Sorbonne University UPMC, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Robert H. Edwards
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université UMR7286 CNRS, 13344, Marseille, Cedex 15, France. .,"Biophotonics and Synapse Physiopathology" Team, UMR9188 CNRS - ENS Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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60
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Fuller JA, Burrell MH, Yee AG, Liyanagama K, Lipski J, Wickens JR, Hyland BI. Role of homeostatic feedback mechanisms in modulating methylphenidate actions on phasic dopamine signaling in the striatum of awake behaving rats. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 182:101681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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61
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Giordano N, Iemolo A, Mancini M, Cacace F, De Risi M, Latagliata EC, Ghiglieri V, Bellenchi GC, Puglisi-Allegra S, Calabresi P, Picconi B, De Leonibus E. Motor learning and metaplasticity in striatal neurons: relevance for Parkinson's disease. Brain 2019; 141:505-520. [PMID: 29281030 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nigro-striatal dopamine transmission is central to a wide range of neuronal functions, including skill learning, which is disrupted in several pathologies such as Parkinson's disease. The synaptic plasticity mechanisms, by which initial motor learning is stored for long time periods in striatal neurons, to then be gradually optimized upon subsequent training, remain unexplored. Addressing this issue is crucial to identify the synaptic and molecular mechanisms involved in striatal-dependent learning impairment in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we took advantage of interindividual differences between outbred rodents in reaching plateau performance in the rotarod incremental motor learning protocol, to study striatal synaptic plasticity ex vivo. We then assessed how this process is modulated by dopamine receptors and the dopamine active transporter, and whether it is impaired by overexpression of human α-synuclein in the mesencephalon; the latter is a progressive animal model of Parkinson's disease. We found that the initial acquisition of motor learning induced a dopamine active transporter and D1 receptors mediated long-term potentiation, under a protocol of long-term depression in striatal medium spiny neurons. This effect disappeared in animals reaching performance plateau. Overexpression of human α-synuclein reduced striatal dopamine active transporter levels, impaired motor learning, and prevented the learning-induced long-term potentiation, before the appearance of dopamine neuronal loss. Our findings provide evidence of a reorganization of cellular plasticity within the dorsolateral striatum that is mediated by dopamine receptors and dopamine active transporter during the acquisition of a skill. This newly identified mechanism of cellular memory is a form of metaplasticity that is disrupted in the early stage of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, and that might be relevant for other striatal pathologies, such as drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Giordano
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Attilio Iemolo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Mancini
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cacace
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Risi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Claudio Latagliata
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Philosophy, Human, Social and Educational Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Bellenchi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Dunovan K, Vich C, Clapp M, Verstynen T, Rubin J. Reward-driven changes in striatal pathway competition shape evidence evaluation in decision-making. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006998. [PMID: 31060045 PMCID: PMC6534331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) networks are critical for adaptive decision-making, yet how changes to circuit-level properties impact cognitive algorithms remains unclear. Here we explore how dopaminergic plasticity at corticostriatal synapses alters competition between striatal pathways, impacting the evidence accumulation process during decision-making. Spike-timing dependent plasticity simulations showed that dopaminergic feedback based on rewards modified the ratio of direct and indirect corticostriatal weights within opposing action channels. Using the learned weight ratios in a full spiking CBGT network model, we simulated neural dynamics and decision outcomes in a reward-driven decision task and fit them with a drift diffusion model. Fits revealed that the rate of evidence accumulation varied with inter-channel differences in direct pathway activity while boundary height varied with overall indirect pathway activity. This multi-level modeling approach demonstrates how complementary learning and decision computations can emerge from corticostriatal plasticity. Cognitive process models such as reinforcement learning (RL) and the drift diffusion model (DDM) have helped to elucidate the basic algorithms underlying error-corrective learning and the evaluation of accumulating decision evidence leading up to a choice. While these relatively abstract models help to guide experimental and theoretical probes into associated phenomena, they remain uninformative about the actual physical mechanics by which learning and decision algorithms are carried out in a neurobiological substrate during adaptive choice behavior. Here we present an “upwards mapping” approach to bridging neural and cognitive models of value-based decision-making, showing how dopaminergic feedback alters the network-level dynamics of cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) pathways during learning to bias behavioral choice towards more rewarding actions. By mapping “up” the levels of analysis, this approach yields specific predictions about aspects of neuronal activity that map to the quantities appearing in the cognitive decision-making framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Dunovan
- Dept. of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Catalina Vich
- Dept. de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Matthew Clapp
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Dept. of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TV); (JR)
| | - Jonathan Rubin
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Dept. of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TV); (JR)
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63
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Möller M, Bogacz R. Learning the payoffs and costs of actions. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006285. [PMID: 30818357 PMCID: PMC6413954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of sub-cortical nuclei called basal ganglia is critical for learning the values of actions. The basal ganglia include two pathways, which have been associated with approach and avoid behavior respectively and are differentially modulated by dopamine projections from the midbrain. Inspired by the influential opponent actor learning model, we demonstrate that, under certain circumstances, these pathways may represent learned estimates of the positive and negative consequences (payoffs and costs) of individual actions. In the model, the level of dopamine activity encodes the motivational state and controls to what extent payoffs and costs enter the overall evaluation of actions. We show that a set of previously proposed plasticity rules is suitable to extract payoffs and costs from a prediction error signal if they occur at different moments in time. For those plasticity rules, successful learning requires differential effects of positive and negative outcome prediction errors on the two pathways and a weak decay of synaptic weights over trials. We also confirm through simulations that the model reproduces drug-induced changes of willingness to work, as observed in classical experiments with the D2-antagonist haloperidol. The basal ganglia are structures underneath the surface of the vertebrate brain, associated with error-driven learning. Much is known about the anatomical and biological features of the basal ganglia; scientists now try to understand the algorithms implemented by these structures. Numerous models aspire to capture the learning functionality, but many of them only cover some specific aspect of the algorithm. Instead of further adding to that pool of partial models, we unify two existing ones—one which captures what the basal ganglia learn, and one that describes the learning mechanism itself. The first model suggests that the basal ganglia weigh positive against negative consequences of actions according to the motivational state. It hints how payoff and cost might be represented, but does not explain how those representations arise. The other model consists of biologically plausible plasticity rules, which describe how learning takes place, but not how the brain makes use of what is learned. We show that the two theories are compatible. Together, they form a model of learning and decision making that integrates the motivational state as well as the learned payoffs and costs of opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Möller
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rafal Bogacz
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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64
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Abudukeyoumu N, Hernandez-Flores T, Garcia-Munoz M, Arbuthnott GW. Cholinergic modulation of striatal microcircuits. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:604-622. [PMID: 29797362 PMCID: PMC6587740 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap between earlier literature on striatal cholinergic interneurons and mechanisms of microcircuit interaction demonstrated with the use of newly available tools. It is well known that the main source of the high level of acetylcholine in the striatum, compared to other brain regions, is the cholinergic interneurons. These interneurons provide an extensive local innervation that suggests they may be a key modulator of striatal microcircuits. Supporting this idea requires the consideration of functional properties of these interneurons, their influence on medium spiny neurons, other interneurons, and interactions with other synaptic regulators. Here, we underline the effects of intrastriatal and extrastriatal afferents onto cholinergic interneurons and discuss the activation of pre‐ and postsynaptic muscarinic and nicotinic receptors that participate in the modulation of intrastriatal neuronal interactions. We further address recent findings about corelease of other transmitters in cholinergic interneurons and actions of these interneurons in striosome and matrix compartments. In addition, we summarize recent evidence on acetylcholine‐mediated striatal synaptic plasticity and propose roles for cholinergic interneurons in normal striatal physiology. A short examination of their role in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Tourette's pathologies and dystonia is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gordon W Arbuthnott
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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65
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Linehan V, Rowe TM, Hirasawa M. Dopamine modulates excitatory transmission to orexin neurons in a receptor subtype-specific manner. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 316:R68-R75. [PMID: 30462527 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00150.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) can promote or inhibit consummatory and reward-related behaviors by activating different receptor subtypes in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area (LH/PF). Because orexin neurons are involved in reward and localized in the LH/PF, DA may modulate these neurons to influence reward-related behaviors. To determine the cellular mechanism underlying dopaminergic modulation of orexin neurons, the effect of DA on excitatory transmission to these neurons was investigated using in vitro electrophysiology on rat brain slices. We found that low concentrations (0.1-1 µM) of DA increased evoked excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude while decreasing paired-pulse ratio. In contrast, high concentrations (10-100 µM) of DA did the opposite. The excitatory effect of low DA was blocked by the D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390, whereas the inhibitory effect of high DA was blocked by the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. These results indicate distinct roles of D1 and D2 receptors in bidirectional presynaptic modulation of excitatory transmission. DA had stronger effects on isolated synaptic activity than repetitive ones, suggesting that sensitivity to dopaminergic modulation depends on the level of network activity. In orexin neurons from high-fat diet-fed rats, a high concentration of DA was less effective in suppressing repetitive synaptic activity compared with chow controls. Therefore, in diet-induced obesity, intense synaptic inputs may preferentially reach orexin neurons while intermittent signals are inhibited by high DA levels. In summary, our study provides a cellular mechanism by which DA may exert opposite behavioral effects in the LH/PF through bidirectional modulation of orexin neurons via different DA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Linehan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University , St. John's, Newfoundland , Canada
| | - Todd M Rowe
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University , St. John's, Newfoundland , Canada
| | - Michiru Hirasawa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University , St. John's, Newfoundland , Canada
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66
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Humphries MD, Obeso JA, Dreyer JK. Insights into Parkinson's disease from computational models of the basal ganglia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:1181-1188. [PMID: 29666208 PMCID: PMC6124639 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Movement disorders arise from the complex interplay of multiple changes to neural circuits. Successful treatments for these disorders could interact with these complex changes in myriad ways, and as a consequence their mechanisms of action and their amelioration of symptoms are incompletely understood. Using Parkinson's disease as a case study, we review here how computational models are a crucial tool for taming this complexity, across causative mechanisms, consequent neural dynamics and treatments. For mechanisms, we review models that capture the effects of losing dopamine on basal ganglia function; for dynamics, we discuss models that have transformed our understanding of how beta-band (15-30 Hz) oscillations arise in the parkinsonian basal ganglia. For treatments, we touch on the breadth of computational modelling work trying to understand the therapeutic actions of deep brain stimulation. Collectively, models from across all levels of description are providing a compelling account of the causes, symptoms and treatments for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jose Angel Obeso
- HM-CINAC, Hospital Puerta del Sur, Mostoles, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jakob Kisbye Dreyer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Bioinformatics, H Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
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67
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Li Z, Chen Z, Fan G, Li A, Yuan J, Xu T. Cell-Type-Specific Afferent Innervation of the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:84. [PMID: 30459564 PMCID: PMC6232828 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is clearly implicated in reward processing and drug addiction, as well as in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders; nevertheless, the circuit mechanisms underlying the diverse functions of the NAc remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the whole-brain and monosynaptic inputs to two main projection cell types – D1 dopamine receptor expressing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs) and D2 dopamine receptor expressing medium spiny neurons (D2R-MSNs) – within the NAc core and NAc shell by rabies-mediated trans-synaptic tracing. We discovered that D1R-MSNs and D2R-MSNs in both NAc subregions receive similar inputs from diverse sources. Inputs to the NAc core are broadly scattered, whereas inputs to the NAc shell are relatively concentrated. Furthermore, we identified numerous brain areas providing important contrasting inputs to different NAc subregions. The anterior cortex preferentially innervates the NAc core for both D1R-MSNs and D2R-MSNs, whereas the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) preferentially targets D1R-MSNs in the NAc shell. Characterizing the cell-type-specific connectivity of different NAc subregions lays a foundation for studying how diverse functions of the NAc are mediated by specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Fan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tonghui Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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68
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de Witte WEA, Versfelt JW, Kuzikov M, Rolland S, Georgi V, Gribbon P, Gul S, Huntjens D, van der Graaf PH, Danhof M, Fernández-Montalván A, Witt G, de Lange ECM. In vitro and in silico analysis of the effects of D 2 receptor antagonist target binding kinetics on the cellular response to fluctuating dopamine concentrations. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4121-4136. [PMID: 30051456 PMCID: PMC6177617 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Target binding kinetics influence the time course of the drug effect (pharmacodynamics) both (i) directly, by affecting the time course of target occupancy, driven by the pharmacokinetics of the drug, competition with endogenous ligands and target turnover, and (ii) indirectly, by affecting signal transduction and homeostatic feedback. For dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, it has been hypothesized that fast receptor binding kinetics cause fewer side effects, because part of the dynamics of the dopaminergic system is preserved by displacement of these antagonists. Experimental Approach Target binding kinetics of D2 receptor antagonists and signal transduction after dopamine and D2 receptor antagonist exposure were measured in vitro. These data were integrated by mechanistic modelling, taking into account competitive binding of endogenous dopamine and the antagonist, the turnover of the second messenger cAMP and negative feedback by PDE turnover. Key Results The proposed signal transduction model successfully described the cellular cAMP response for 17 D2 receptor antagonists with widely different binding kinetics. Simulation of the response to fluctuating dopamine concentrations revealed that a significant effect of the target binding kinetics on the dynamics of the signalling only occurs at endogenous dopamine concentration fluctuations with frequencies below 1 min−1. Conclusions and Implications Signal transduction and feedback are important determinants of the time course of drug effects. The effect of the D2 receptor antagonist dissociation rate constant (koff) is limited to the maximal rate of fluctuations in dopamine signalling as determined by the dopamine koff and the cAMP turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmus E A de Witte
- Department of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joost W Versfelt
- Department of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria Kuzikov
- ScreeningPort, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Solene Rolland
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Georgi
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Gribbon
- ScreeningPort, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sheraz Gul
- ScreeningPort, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Piet Hein van der Graaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands.,QSP, Certara, Canterbury, UK
| | - Meindert Danhof
- Department of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Amaury Fernández-Montalván
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Servier Research Institute, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Gesa Witt
- ScreeningPort, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Department of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
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69
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Bhupal PK, Anderson KA, Shall GP, Lynn JD, Hoolsema KS, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL, Sandstrom MI. Behavioral and neurochemical responses derived from dopaminergic intrastriatal grafts in hemiparkinsonian rats engaged in a novel motor task. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 307:149-163. [PMID: 29924980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Putative treatments derived from in vivo stem cell transplant-derived dopamine (DA) in hemiparkinsonian rats have been assessed via DA-agonist-induced rotations involving imbalanced intra-hemispheric striatal DA receptor stimulation. However, such tests obscure the natural responses of grafts to sensory stimuli, and drug-induced plasticity can modify the circuit being tested. Thus, we propose an alternative testing strategy using a novel water tank swimming apparatus. NEW METHOD Microdialysis was used to compare striatal DA levels when rats were: (1) in a rest-phase within a bowl-shaped apparatus, or (2) in an active forced-swim phase within a specially-equipped water tank. Resting-phase DA release levels were compared with active-phase levels obtained while rats were required to swim in the water-tank task. Behavioral variables such as asymmetric circling while swimming (rotations), front-limb strokes, and front-limb reaches were captured by a camera for analysis. RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Transplanted cells had a very modest effect on percentage of contralateral front-limb strokes, but did not reduce lesion-induced rotational asymmetry in the swim task. Neither striatal DA levels, nor their breakdown products, were significantly different between transplanted and sham-transplanted groups. Our new behavioral test eliminates the need for pharmacological stimulation, enabling simultaneous assessment of DA released in resting and active phases to explore graft control. CONCLUSIONS Our new method allows for accurate assessments of stem cell therapy for PD as an alternative to "rotation" tests. Use of natural motivations to engage in sensory-driven motor tasks provides more accurate insights into ongoing graft-derived behavioral support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnit K Bhupal
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Kevin A Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Experimental Psychology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Gabrielle P Shall
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan D Lynn
- Department of Psychiatry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Julien Rossignol
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States; College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Gary L Dunbar
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States; Department of Psychology, Experimental Psychology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States; Field Neuroscience Institute, Saginaw, MI, United States
| | - Michael I Sandstrom
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States; Department of Psychology, Experimental Psychology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States.
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70
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Stewart MN, Shao X, Desmond TJ, Forrest TJ, Arteaga J, Stauff J, Scott PJH. Synthesis and pre-clinical evaluation of a potential radiotracer for PET imaging of the dopamine D 3 receptor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1315-1322. [PMID: 30151086 PMCID: PMC6097203 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to understand the function of dopamine D3 receptors. Due to high sequence homology with D2 receptors, development of D3-selective PET radiotracers has been challenging. In an effort to overcome this issue, we report the radiosynthesis of a new selective D3 ligand with carbon-11 ([11C]1 ), and its initial preclincial evaluation as a potential PET radiotracer for in vivo imaging of D3 receptors. [11C]1 was prepared via [11C]CO2 fixation in 0.1% non-corrected radiochemical yield, good radiochemical purity (>95%) and high specific activity (>2000 Ci mmol-1). [11C]1 exhibited specific binding to D3 receptors using ex vivo autoradiography experiments with rat brain, but only 14-fold selectivity over D2 receptors which is lower than the 1400-fold value reported previously for cell studies. Rodent PET imaging revealed reasonable uptake of the radiotracer in areas of the brain known to be rich in D3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Stewart
- Department of Radiology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48105 , USA
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Radiology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Timothy J Desmond
- Department of Radiology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Taylor J Forrest
- Department of Radiology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Janna Arteaga
- Department of Radiology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Jenelle Stauff
- Department of Radiology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48105 , USA
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71
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Peak J, Hart G, Balleine BW. From learning to action: the integration of dorsal striatal input and output pathways in instrumental conditioning. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:658-671. [PMID: 29791051 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that the learning and performance of instrumental actions depend on activity in basal ganglia circuitry; however, these two functions have generally been considered independently. Whereas research investigating the associative mechanisms underlying instrumental conditioning has identified critical cortical and limbic input pathways to the dorsal striatum, the performance of instrumental actions has largely been attributed to activity in the dorsal striatal output pathways, with direct and indirect pathway projection neurons mediating action initiation, perseveration and cessation. Here, we discuss evidence that the dorsal striatal input and basal ganglia output pathways mediate the learning and performance of instrumental actions, respectively, with the dorsal striatum functioning as a transition point. From this perspective, the issue of how multiple striatal inputs are integrated at the level of the dorsal striatum and converted into relatively restricted outputs becomes one of critical significance for understanding how learning is translated into action. So too does the question of how learning signals are modulated by recent experience. We propose that this occurs through recurrent corticostriatothalamic feedback circuits that serve to integrate performance signals by updating ongoing action-related learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Peak
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Genevra Hart
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Bernard W Balleine
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
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Striatal dopamine D1-type receptor availability: no difference from control but association with cortical thickness in methamphetamine users. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1320-1327. [PMID: 28894300 PMCID: PMC5847392 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine use poses potentially devastating consequences for directly affected individuals and for society. Lower dopamine D2-type receptor availability has been observed in striata of methamphetamine users as compared with controls, but an analogous comparison of D1-type receptors has been conducted only on post-mortem material, with no differences in methamphetamine users from controls in the caudate nucleus and putamen and higher D1-receptor density in the nucleus accumbens. Released from neurons when methamphetamine is self-administered, dopamine binds to both D1- and D2-type receptors in the striatum, with downstream effects on cortical activity. Thus, both receptor subtypes may contribute to methamphetamine-induced alterations in cortical morphology and behavior. In this study, 21 methamphetamine-dependent subjects and 23 healthy controls participated in positron emission tomography and structural magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of striatal D1- and D2-type receptor availability and cortical gray-matter thickness, respectively. Although D2-type receptor availability (BPnd) was lower in the methamphetamine group, as shown previously, the groups did not differ in D1-type BPnd. In the methamphetamine group, mean cortical gray-matter thickness was negatively associated with cumulative methamphetamine use and craving for the drug. Striatal D1-type but not D2-type BPnd was negatively associated with global mean cortical gray-matter thickness in the methamphetamine group, but no association was found between gray-matter thickness and BPnd for either dopamine receptor subtype in the control group. These results suggest a role of striatal D1-type receptors in cortical adaptation to chronic methamphetamine use.
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73
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Bruinsma TJ, Sarma VV, Oh Y, Jang DP, Chang SY, Worrell GA, Lowe VJ, Jo HJ, Min HK. The Relationship Between Dopamine Neurotransmitter Dynamics and the Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Signal: A Review of Pharmacological Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:238. [PMID: 29692706 PMCID: PMC5902685 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used in investigations of normal cognition and brain disease and in various clinical applications. Pharmacological fMRI (pharma-fMRI) is a relatively new application, which is being used to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of pharmacological modulation of brain activity. Characterizing the effects of neuropharmacological agents on regional brain activity using fMRI is challenging because drugs modulate neuronal function in a wide variety of ways, including through receptor agonist, antagonist, and neurotransmitter reuptake blocker events. Here we review current knowledge on neurotransmitter-mediated blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) fMRI mechanisms as well as recently updated methodologies aimed at more fully describing the effects of neuropharmacologic agents on the BOLD signal. We limit our discussion to dopaminergic signaling as a useful lens through which to analyze and interpret neurochemical-mediated changes in the hemodynamic BOLD response. We also discuss the need for future studies that use multi-modal approaches to expand the understanding and application of pharma-fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Bruinsma
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Vidur V Sarma
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Youne Chang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Greg A Worrell
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hang Joon Jo
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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74
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Abstract
The dopamine (DA) system is considered to be centrally involved in the pathophysiology of several major psychiatric disorders. Using positron emission tomography (PET), aberrations in dopamine D2/D3-receptors (D2-R) levels and uptake of the DA precursor FDOPA have been shown for schizophrenia, substance abuse and depression. Radioligands for the dopamine D1-receptor (D1-R) have been available for more than three decades, however this receptor subtype has received much less attention in psychiatry research. Here, studies investigating D1-R in psychiatric patients in comparison to healthy control subjects are summarized. Although small sample sizes, medication effects and heterogeneous methods of quantification limit the conclusions that can be drawn, the data is suggestive of higher levels of cortical D1-R in drug naïve patients with psychosis, and lower D1-R in patients with affective disorders. Data sharing and reanalysis using harmonized methodology are important next steps towards clarifying the role of D1-R in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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75
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Amato D, Vernon AC, Papaleo F. Dopamine, the antipsychotic molecule: A perspective on mechanisms underlying antipsychotic response variability. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 85:146-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yapo C, Nair AG, Clement L, Castro LR, Hellgren Kotaleski J, Vincent P. Detection of phasic dopamine by D1 and D2 striatal medium spiny neurons. J Physiol 2017; 595:7451-7475. [PMID: 28782235 PMCID: PMC5730852 DOI: 10.1113/jp274475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Brief dopamine events are critical actors of reward-mediated learning in the striatum; the intracellular cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) response of striatal medium spiny neurons to such events was studied dynamically using a combination of biosensor imaging in mouse brain slices and in silico simulations. Both D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons can sense brief dopamine transients in the sub-micromolar range. While dopamine transients profoundly change cAMP levels in both types of medium spiny neurons, the PKA-dependent phosphorylation level remains unaffected in D2 neurons. At the level of PKA-dependent phosphorylation, D2 unresponsiveness depends on protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) inhibition by DARPP-32. Simulations suggest that D2 medium spiny neurons could detect transient dips in dopamine level. ABSTRACT The phasic release of dopamine in the striatum determines various aspects of reward and action selection, but the dynamics of the dopamine effect on intracellular signalling remains poorly understood. We used genetically encoded FRET biosensors in striatal brain slices to quantify the effect of transient dopamine on cAMP or PKA-dependent phosphorylation levels, and computational modelling to further explore the dynamics of this signalling pathway. Medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which express either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors, responded to dopamine by an increase or a decrease in cAMP, respectively. Transient dopamine showed similar sub-micromolar efficacies on cAMP in both D1 and D2 MSNs, thus challenging the commonly accepted notion that dopamine efficacy is much higher on D2 than on D1 receptors. However, in D2 MSNs, the large decrease in cAMP level triggered by transient dopamine did not translate to a decrease in PKA-dependent phosphorylation level, owing to the efficient inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 by DARPP-32. Simulations further suggested that D2 MSNs can also operate in a 'tone-sensing' mode, allowing them to detect transient dips in basal dopamine. Overall, our results show that D2 MSNs may sense much more complex patterns of dopamine than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Yapo
- CNRS, UMR8256 “Biological Adaptation and Ageing”Institut de Biologie Paris‐Seine (IBPS)F‐75005ParisFrance
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6)Sorbonne UniversitésF‐75005ParisFrance
| | - Anu G. Nair
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Computer Science and CommunicationKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
- Manipal UniversityManipal576104KarnatakaIndia
| | - Lorna Clement
- CNRS, UMR8256 “Biological Adaptation and Ageing”Institut de Biologie Paris‐Seine (IBPS)F‐75005ParisFrance
| | - Liliana R. Castro
- CNRS, UMR8256 “Biological Adaptation and Ageing”Institut de Biologie Paris‐Seine (IBPS)F‐75005ParisFrance
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6)Sorbonne UniversitésF‐75005ParisFrance
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Computer Science and CommunicationKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet17177SolnaSweden
| | - Pierre Vincent
- CNRS, UMR8256 “Biological Adaptation and Ageing”Institut de Biologie Paris‐Seine (IBPS)F‐75005ParisFrance
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6)Sorbonne UniversitésF‐75005ParisFrance
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77
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Beloate LN, Coolen LM. Influences of social reward experience on behavioral responses to drugs of abuse: Review of shared and divergent neural plasticity mechanisms for sexual reward and drugs of abuse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:356-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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79
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Beyene AG, McFarlane IR, Pinals RL, Landry MP. Stochastic Simulation of Dopamine Neuromodulation for Implementation of Fluorescent Neurochemical Probes in the Striatal Extracellular Space. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2275-2289. [PMID: 28714693 PMCID: PMC10494912 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging the dynamic behavior of neuromodulatory neurotransmitters in the extracelluar space that arise from individual quantal release events would constitute a major advance in neurochemical imaging. Spatial and temporal resolution of these highly stochastic neuromodulatory events requires concurrent advances in the chemical development of optical nanosensors selective for neuromodulators in concert with advances in imaging methodologies to capture millisecond neurotransmitter release. Herein, we develop and implement a stochastic model to describe dopamine dynamics in the extracellular space (ECS) of the brain dorsal striatum to guide the design and implementation of fluorescent neurochemical probes that record neurotransmitter dynamics in the ECS. Our model is developed from first-principles and simulates release, diffusion, and reuptake of dopamine in a 3D simulation volume of striatal tissue. We find that in vivo imaging of neuromodulation requires simultaneous optimization of dopamine nanosensor reversibility and sensitivity: dopamine imaging in the striatum or nucleus accumbens requires nanosensors with an optimal dopamine dissociation constant (Kd) of 1 μM, whereas Kds above 10 μM are required for dopamine imaging in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, as a result of the probabilistic nature of dopamine terminal activity in the striatum, our model reveals that imaging frame rates of 20 Hz are optimal for recording temporally resolved dopamine release events. Our work provides a modeling platform to probe how complex neuromodulatory processes can be studied with fluorescent nanosensors and enables direct evaluation of nanosensor chemistry and imaging hardware parameters. Our stochastic model is generic for evaluating fluorescent neurotransmission probes, and is broadly applicable to the design of other neurotransmitter fluorophores and their optimization for implementation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham G. Beyene
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ian R. McFarlane
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Pinals
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Markita P. Landry
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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80
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Maia TV, Conceição VA. The Roles of Phasic and Tonic Dopamine in Tic Learning and Expression. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:401-412. [PMID: 28734459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) prominently involves dopaminergic disturbances, but the precise nature of those disturbances has remained elusive. A substantial body of empirical work and recent computational models have characterized the specific roles of phasic and tonic dopamine (DA) in action learning and selection, respectively. Using insights from this work and models, we suggest that TS involves increases in both phasic and tonic DA, which produce increased propensities for tic learning and expression, respectively. We review the evidence from reinforcement-learning and habit-learning studies in TS, which supports the idea that TS involves increased phasic DA responses; we also review the evidence that tics engage the habit-learning circuitry. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that tics are exaggerated, maladaptive, and persistent motor habits reinforced by aberrant, increased phasic DA responses. Increased tonic DA amplifies the tendency to execute learned tics and also provides a fertile ground of motor hyperactivity for tic learning. We review evidence suggesting that antipsychotics may counter both the increased propensity for tic expression, by increasing excitability in the indirect pathway, and the increased propensity for tic learning, by shifting plasticity in the indirect pathway toward long-term potentiation (and possibly also through more complex mechanisms). Finally, we review evidence suggesting that low doses of DA agonists that effectively treat TS decrease both phasic and tonic DA, thereby also reducing the propensity for both tic learning and tic expression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago V Maia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vasco A Conceição
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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81
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The “highs and lows” of the human brain on dopaminergics: Evidence from neuropharmacology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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82
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Kubota M, Nagashima T, Takano H, Kodaka F, Fujiwara H, Takahata K, Moriguchi S, Kimura Y, Higuchi M, Okubo Y, Takahashi H, Ito H, Suhara T. Affinity States of Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptors in Antipsychotic-Free Patients with Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:928-935. [PMID: 29016872 PMCID: PMC5737675 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine D2 receptors are reported to have high-affinity (D2High) and low-affinity (D2Low) states. Although an increased proportion of D2High has been demonstrated in animal models of schizophrenia, few clinical studies have investigated this alteration of D2High in schizophrenia in vivo. METHODS Eleven patients with schizophrenia, including 10 antipsychotic-naive and 1 antipsychotic-free individuals, and 17 healthy controls were investigated. Psychopathology was assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and a 5-factor model was used. Two radioligands, [11C]raclopride and [11C]MNPA, were employed to quantify total dopamine D2 receptor and D2High, respectively, in the striatum by measuring their binding potentials. Binding potential values of [11C]raclopride and [11C]MNPA and the binding potential ratio of [11C]MNPA to [11C]raclopride in the striatal subregions were statistically compared between the 2 diagnostic groups using multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for age, gender, and smoking. Correlations between binding potential and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores were also examined. RESULTS Multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated a significant effect of diagnosis (schizophrenia and control) on the binding potential ratio (P=.018), although the effects of diagnosis on binding potential values obtained with either [11C]raclopride or [11C]MNPA were nonsignificant. Posthoc test showed that the binding potential ratio was significantly higher in the putamen of patients (P=.017). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale "depressed" factor in patients was positively correlated with binding potential values of both ligands in the caudate. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates the possibilities of: (1) a higher proportion of D2High in the putamen despite unaltered amounts of total dopamine D2 receptors; and (2) associations between depressive symptoms and amounts of caudate dopamine D2 receptors in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Tomohisa Nagashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Fumitoshi Kodaka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Sho Moriguchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito)
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Kubota, Nagashima, Takano, Kodaka, Fujiwara, Moriguchi, Kimura, Higuchi, Takahashi, Ito, and Suhara); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kodaka); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Okubo); Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Dr Takahashi); Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Dr Ito).,Correspondence: Tetsuya Suhara, MD, PhD, Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba 263–8555, Japan ()
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Zonisamide ameliorates levodopa-induced dyskinesia and reduces expression of striatal genes in Parkinson model rats. Neurosci Res 2017; 122:45-50. [PMID: 28577977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the difference in results according to the mode of levodopa administration and the effect of zonisamide (ZNS), we analyzed the mRNA expression of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic receptors in the striatum of Parkinson model rats in relation to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Unilateral Parkinson model rats were subdivided into 4 groups and treated as follows: no medication (group N), continuous levodopa infusion (group C), intermittent levodopa injection (group I), and intermittent levodopa and ZNS injection (group Z). Two weeks after the treatment, LID was observed in group I and Z, but less severe in group Z. The level of both D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs was elevated in groups I and Z, but only D2 receptor mRNA expression was elevated in group C. Adenosine A2A receptor mRNA showed increased expression only in group I. The level of endocannabinoid CB1 receptor mRNA was elevated in groups N, C, and I, but not in group Z. Intermittent injection of levodopa caused LID, in association with elevated expression of D1 and A2A receptors. ZNS ameliorated the development of LID and inhibited up-regulation of A2A and CB1 receptors. Modulation of these receptors may lead to therapeutic approaches for dyskinesia.
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84
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Andino-Pavlovsky V, Souza AC, Scheffer-Teixeira R, Tort ABL, Etchenique R, Ribeiro S. Dopamine Modulates Delta-Gamma Phase-Amplitude Coupling in the Prefrontal Cortex of Behaving Rats. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:29. [PMID: 28536507 PMCID: PMC5422429 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine release and phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling (CFC) have independently been implicated in prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning. To causally investigate whether dopamine release affects phase-amplitude comodulation between different frequencies in local field potentials (LFP) recorded from the medial PFC (mPFC) of behaving rats, we used RuBiDopa, a light-sensitive caged compound that releases the neurotransmitter dopamine when irradiated with visible light. LFP power did not change in any frequency band after the application of light-uncaged dopamine, but significantly strengthened phase-amplitude comodulation between delta and gamma oscillations. Saline did not exert significant changes, while injections of dopamine and RuBiDopa produced a slow increase in comodulation for several minutes after the injection. The results show that dopamine release in the medial PFC shifts phase-amplitude comodulation from theta-gamma to delta-gamma. Although being preliminary results due to the limitation of the low number of animals present in this study, our findings suggest that dopamine-mediated modification of the frequencies involved in comodulation could be a mechanism by which this neurotransmitter regulates functioning in mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Andino-Pavlovsky
- Departamento de Química Inorganica, Analítica y Química Física, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Annie C Souza
- Instituto do Cérebro, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano B L Tort
- Instituto do Cérebro, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | - Roberto Etchenique
- Departamento de Química Inorganica, Analítica y Química Física, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Instituto do Cérebro, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
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85
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Abstract
In this review, I discuss current knowledge and outstanding questions on the neuromodulators that influence aggressive behavior of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. I first present evidence that Drosophila exchange information during an agonistic interaction and choose appropriate actions based on this information. I then discuss the influence of several biogenic amines and neuropeptides on aggressive behavior. One striking characteristic of neuromodulation is that it can configure a neural circuit dynamically, enabling one circuit to generate multiple outcomes. I suggest a consensus effect of each neuromodulatory molecule on Drosophila aggression, as well as effects of receptor proteins where relevant data are available. Lastly, I consider neuromodulation in the context of strategic action choices during agonistic interactions. Genetic components of neuromodulatory systems are highly conserved across animals, suggesting that molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling Drosophila aggression can shed light on neural principles governing action choice during social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Asahina
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037;
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86
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Ouyang J, Carcea I, Schiavo JK, Jones KT, Rabinowitsch A, Kolaric R, Cabeza de Vaca S, Froemke RC, Carr KD. Food restriction induces synaptic incorporation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in nucleus accumbens. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:826-836. [PMID: 28112453 PMCID: PMC5359088 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic food restriction potentiates behavioral and cellular responses to drugs of abuse and D-1 dopamine receptor agonists administered systemically or locally in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the alterations in NAc synaptic transmission underlying these effects are incompletely understood. AMPA receptor trafficking is a major mechanism for regulating synaptic strength, and previous studies have shown that both sucrose and d-amphetamine rapidly alter the abundance of AMPA receptor subunits in the NAc postsynaptic density (PSD) in a manner that differs between food-restricted and ad libitum fed rats. In this study we examined whether food restriction, in the absence of reward stimulus challenge, alters AMPAR subunit abundance in the NAc PSD. Food restriction was found to increase surface expression and, specifically, PSD abundance, of GluA1 but not GluA2, suggesting synaptic incorporation of GluA2-lacking Ca2+-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs). Naspm, an antagonist of CP-AMPARs, decreased the amplitude of evoked EPSCs in NAc shell, and blocked the enhanced locomotor response to local microinjection of the D-1 receptor agonist, SKF-82958, in food-restricted, but not ad libitum fed, subjects. Although microinjection of the D-2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, also induced greater locomotor activation in food-restricted than ad libitum fed rats, this effect was not decreased by Naspm. Taken together, the present findings are consistent with the synaptic incorporation of CP-AMPARs in D-1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in NAc as a mechanistic underpinning of the enhanced responsiveness of food-restricted rats to natural rewards and drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyong Ouyang
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
| | - Ioana Carcea
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Neuroscience/Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
| | - Jennifer K. Schiavo
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Neuroscience/Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
| | - Kymry T. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
| | - Ariana Rabinowitsch
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
| | - Rhonda Kolaric
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
| | - Soledad Cabeza de Vaca
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
| | - Robert C. Froemke
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Neuroscience/Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
| | - Kenneth D. Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016
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87
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Molina BG, Bendrea AD, Cianga L, Armelin E, del Valle LJ, Cianga I, Alemán C. The biocompatible polythiophene-g-polycaprolactone copolymer as an efficient dopamine sensor platform. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01326d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers consisting of an all conjugated polythiophene backbone and sparsely attached oligo-ε-caprolactone side chains have been prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda G. Molina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Anca D. Bendrea
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | - Luminita Cianga
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | - Elaine Armelin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Ioan Cianga
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
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88
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Current Understanding of PDE10A in the Modulation of Basal Ganglia Circuitry. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:15-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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89
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Mikhael JG, Bogacz R. Learning Reward Uncertainty in the Basal Ganglia. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005062. [PMID: 27589489 PMCID: PMC5010205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning the reliability of different sources of rewards is critical for making optimal choices. However, despite the existence of detailed theory describing how the expected reward is learned in the basal ganglia, it is not known how reward uncertainty is estimated in these circuits. This paper presents a class of models that encode both the mean reward and the spread of the rewards, the former in the difference between the synaptic weights of D1 and D2 neurons, and the latter in their sum. In the models, the tendency to seek (or avoid) options with variable reward can be controlled by increasing (or decreasing) the tonic level of dopamine. The models are consistent with the physiology of and synaptic plasticity in the basal ganglia, they explain the effects of dopaminergic manipulations on choices involving risks, and they make multiple experimental predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Mikhael
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rafal Bogacz
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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90
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Íbias J, Miguéns M, Pellón R. Effects of dopamine agents on a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat and in Wistar control rats. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:856-66. [PMID: 27296274 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116652598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been proposed as an animal model for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically develops excessive patterns of response under most behavioural protocols. Schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) is the excessive water consumption that occurs as a schedule effect when food is intermittently delivered and animals are partially food- but not water-deprived. SIP has been used as a model of excessive behaviour, and considerable evidence has involved the dopaminergic system in its development and maintenance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the most common psychostimulants used in ADHD treatment on SIP, comparing their effects in SHRs with rats from control populations. SHR, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar rats were submitted to a multiple fixed time (FT) food schedule with two components: 30 s and 90 s. The acute effects of different dopaminergic compounds were evaluated after 40 sessions of SIP acquisition. All animals showed higher adjunctive drinking under FT 30 s than FT 90 s, and SHRs displayed higher asymptotic SIP levels in FT 90 s compared to WKY and Wistar rats. SHRs were less sensitive to dopaminergic agents than control rats in terms of affecting rates of adjunctive drinking. These differences point to an altered dopaminergic system in the SHR and provide new insights into the neurobiological basis of ADHD pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Íbias
- Animal Behaviour Laboratories, Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Miguéns
- Animal Behaviour Laboratories, Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pellón
- Animal Behaviour Laboratories, Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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91
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Sulzer D, Cragg SJ, Rice ME. Striatal dopamine neurotransmission: regulation of release and uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:123-148. [PMID: 27141430 DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission is governed by processes that regulate release from axonal boutons in the forebrain and the somatodendritic compartment in midbrain, and by clearance by the DA transporter, diffusion, and extracellular metabolism. We review how axonal DA release is regulated by neuronal activity and by autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, and address how quantal release events are regulated in size and frequency. In brain regions densely innervated by DA axons, DA clearance is due predominantly to uptake by the DA transporter, whereas in cortex, midbrain, and other regions with relatively sparse DA inputs, the norepinephrine transporter and diffusion are involved. We discuss the role of DA uptake in restricting the sphere of influence of DA and in temporal accumulation of extracellular DA levels upon successive action potentials. The tonic discharge activity of DA neurons may be translated into a tonic extracellular DA level, whereas their bursting activity can generate discrete extracellular DA transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sulzer
- Depts of Psychiatry, Neurology, & Pharmacology, NY State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Dept Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Depts of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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92
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Resendez SL, Keyes PC, Day JJ, Hambro C, Austin CJ, Maina FK, Eidson LN, Porter-Stransky KA, Nevárez N, McLean JW, Kuhnmuench MA, Murphy AZ, Mathews TA, Aragona BJ. Dopamine and opioid systems interact within the nucleus accumbens to maintain monogamous pair bonds. eLife 2016; 5:e15325. [PMID: 27371827 PMCID: PMC4972541 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prairie vole breeder pairs form monogamous pair bonds, which are maintained through the expression of selective aggression toward novel conspecifics. Here, we utilize behavioral and anatomical techniques to extend the current understanding of neural mechanisms that mediate pair bond maintenance. For both sexes, we show that pair bonding up-regulates mRNA expression for genes encoding D1-like dopamine (DA) receptors and dynorphin as well as enhances stimulated DA release within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). We next show that D1-like receptor regulation of selective aggression is mediated through downstream activation of kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) and that activation of these receptors mediates social avoidance. Finally, we also identified sex-specific alterations in KOR binding density within the NAc shell of paired males and demonstrate that this alteration contributes to the neuroprotective effect of pair bonding against drug reward. Together, these findings suggest motivational and valence processing systems interact to mediate the maintenance of social bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Resendez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Piper C Keyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmangham, United States
| | - Caely Hambro
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Curtis J Austin
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Francis K Maina
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Lori N Eidson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Kirsten A Porter-Stransky
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Natalie Nevárez
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - J William McLean
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmangham, United States
| | - Morgan A Kuhnmuench
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Tiffany A Mathews
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Brandon J Aragona
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
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93
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Hikida T, Morita M, Macpherson T. Neural mechanisms of the nucleus accumbens circuit in reward and aversive learning. Neurosci Res 2016; 108:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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94
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Soares-Cunha C, Coimbra B, David-Pereira A, Borges S, Pinto L, Costa P, Sousa N, Rodrigues AJ. Activation of D2 dopamine receptor-expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens increases motivation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11829. [PMID: 27337658 PMCID: PMC4931006 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal dopamine receptor D1-expressing neurons have been classically associated with positive reinforcement and reward, whereas D2 neurons are associated with negative reinforcement and aversion. Here we demonstrate that the pattern of activation of D1 and D2 neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) predicts motivational drive, and that optogenetic activation of either neuronal population enhances motivation in mice. Using a different approach in rats, we further show that activating NAc D2 neurons increases cue-induced motivational drive in control animals and in a model that presents anhedonia and motivational deficits; conversely, optogenetic inhibition of D2 neurons decreases motivation. Our results suggest that the classic view of D1-D2 functional antagonism does not hold true for all dimensions of reward-related behaviours, and that D2 neurons may play a more prominent pro-motivation role than originally anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Barbara Coimbra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ana David-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Sonia Borges
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Luisa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Patricio Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ana J. Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
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95
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Reappraising striatal D1- and D2-neurons in reward and aversion. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:370-386. [PMID: 27235078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The striatum has been involved in complex behaviors such as motor control, learning, decision-making, reward and aversion. The striatum is mainly composed of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), typically divided into those expressing dopamine receptor D1, forming the so-called direct pathway, and those expressing D2 receptor (indirect pathway). For decades it has been proposed that these two populations exhibit opposing control over motor output, and recently, the same dichotomy has been proposed for valenced behaviors. Whereas D1-MSNs mediate reinforcement and reward, D2-MSNs have been associated with punishment and aversion. In this review we will discuss pharmacological, genetic and optogenetic studies that indicate that there is still controversy to what concerns the role of striatal D1- and D2-MSNs in this type of behaviors, highlighting the need to reconsider the early view that they mediate solely opposing aspects of valenced behaviour.
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96
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Lloyd K, Dayan P. Safety out of control: dopamine and defence. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2016; 12:15. [PMID: 27216176 PMCID: PMC4878001 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-016-0099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We enjoy a sophisticated understanding of how animals learn to predict appetitive outcomes and direct their behaviour accordingly. This encompasses well-defined learning algorithms and details of how these might be implemented in the brain. Dopamine has played an important part in this unfolding story, appearing to embody a learning signal for predicting rewards and stamping in useful actions, while also being a modulator of behavioural vigour. By contrast, although choosing correct actions and executing them vigorously in the face of adversity is at least as important, our understanding of learning and behaviour in aversive settings is less well developed. We examine aversive processing through the medium of the role of dopamine and targets such as D2 receptors in the striatum. We consider critical factors such as the degree of control that an animal believes it exerts over key aspects of its environment, the distinction between 'better' and 'good' actual or predicted future states, and the potential requirement for a particular form of opponent to dopamine to ensure proper calibration of state values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lloyd
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, 25 Howland Street, London, UK
| | - Peter Dayan
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, 25 Howland Street, London, UK
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97
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Galvan L, André VM, Wang EA, Cepeda C, Levine MS. Functional Differences Between Direct and Indirect Striatal Output Pathways in Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2016; 1:17-25. [PMID: 25063187 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-2012-120009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is morphological evidence for differential alterations in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) giving rise to the direct and indirect output pathways in Huntington's disease (HD). MSNs of the indirect pathway appear to be particularly vulnerable and markers for these neurons are lost early in postmortem brains and in genetic mouse models. In contrast, MSNs of the direct pathway appear to be relatively spared in the early stages. Because of the great morphological and electrophysiological similarities between MSNs of these pathways, until recently it was difficult to tease apart their functional alterations in HD models. The recent use of the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene as a reporter to identify dopamine D1 (direct pathway) and D2 (indirect pathway) receptor-expressing MSNs has made it possible to examine synaptic function in each pathway. The outcomes of such studies demonstrate significant time-dependent changes in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to both direct and indirect pathway MSNs in HD and emphasize early increases in both excitatory and inhibitory inputs to direct pathway MSNs. There also is a strong influence of alterations in dopamine modulation that possibly cause some of the changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the HD models. These changes will markedly alter the output structures, the GPi and the SNr. In the future, the use of combined optogenetics with identified neurons in each pathway will help unravel the next set of questions about how the output nuclei are affected in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Galvan
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Véronique M André
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wang
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Levine
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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98
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Functionally Distinct Dopamine Signals in Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell in the Freely Moving Rat. J Neurosci 2016; 36:98-112. [PMID: 26740653 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2326-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dynamic signaling of mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons has been implicated in reward learning, drug abuse, and motivation. However, this system is complex because firing patterns of these neurons are heterogeneous; subpopulations receive distinct synaptic inputs, and project to anatomically and functionally distinct downstream targets, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core. The functional roles of these cell populations and their real-time signaling properties in freely moving animals are unknown. Resolving the real-time DA signal requires simultaneous knowledge of the synchronized activity of DA cell subpopulations and assessment of the down-stream functional effect of DA release. Because this is not yet possible solely by experimentation in vivo, we combine computational modeling and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry data to reconstruct the functionally relevant DA signal in DA neuron subpopulations projecting to the NAc core and shell in freely moving rats. The approach provides a novel perspective on real-time DA neuron firing and concurrent activation of presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic targets. We first show that individual differences in DA release arise from differences in autoreceptor feedback. The model predicts that extracellular DA concentrations in NAc core result from constant baseline DA firing, whereas DA concentrations in NAc shell reflect highly dynamic firing patters, including synchronized burst firing and pauses. Our models also predict that this anatomical difference in DA signaling is exaggerated by intravenous infusion of cocaine. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Orchestrated signaling from mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons is important for initiating appropriate behavior in response to salient stimuli. Thus, subpopulations of mesolimbic DA neurons show different in vitro properties and synaptic inputs depending on their specific projections to the core and shell subterritories of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the functional consequence of these differences is unknown. Here we analyze and model DA dynamics in different areas of the NAc to establish the real-time DA signal. In freely behaving animals, we find that the DA signal from mesencephalic neurons projecting to the NAc shell is dominated by synchronized bursts and pauses, whereas signaling is uniform for core-projecting neurons; this difference is amplified by cocaine.
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99
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Hegeman DJ, Hong ES, Hernández VM, Chan CS. The external globus pallidus: progress and perspectives. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1239-65. [PMID: 26841063 PMCID: PMC4874844 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The external globus pallidus (GPe) of the basal ganglia is in a unique and powerful position to influence processing of motor information by virtue of its widespread projections to all basal ganglia nuclei. Despite the clinical importance of the GPe in common motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease, there is only limited information about its cellular composition and organizational principles. In this review, recent advances in the understanding of the diversity in the molecular profile, anatomy, physiology and corresponding behaviour during movement of GPe neurons are described. Importantly, this study attempts to build consensus and highlight commonalities of the cellular classification based on existing but contentious literature. Additionally, an analysis of the literature concerning the intricate reciprocal loops formed between the GPe and major synaptic partners, including both the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus, is provided. In conclusion, the GPe has emerged as a crucial node in the basal ganglia macrocircuit. While subtleties in the cellular makeup and synaptic connection of the GPe create new challenges, modern research tools have shown promise in untangling such complexity, and will provide better understanding of the roles of the GPe in encoding movements and their associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hegeman
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ellie S Hong
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Vivian M Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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100
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Sharpe MJ, Clemens KJ, Morris MJ, Westbrook RF. Daily Exposure to Sucrose Impairs Subsequent Learning About Food Cues: A Role for Alterations in Ghrelin Signaling and Dopamine D2 Receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1357-65. [PMID: 26365954 PMCID: PMC4793120 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hedonic foods and associated advertising slogans has contributed to the rise of the obesity epidemic in the modern world. Research has shown that intake of these foods disrupt dopaminergic systems. It may be that a disruption of these circuits produces aberrant learning about food-cue relationships. We found that rodents given 28 days of intermittent access to sucrose exhibited a deficit in the ability to block learning about a stimulus when it is paired in compound with food and another stimulus that has already been established as predictive of the food outcome. This deficit was characterized by an approach to a cue signaling food delivery that is usually blocked by prior learning, an effect dependent on dopaminergic prediction-error signaling in the midbrain. Administering the D2 agonist quinpirole during learning restored blocking in animals with a prior history of sucrose exposure. Further, repeated central infusions of ghrelin produced a deficit in blocking in the same manner as sucrose exposure. We argue that changes in dopaminergic systems resulting from sucrose exposure are mediated by a disruption of ghrelin signaling as rodents come to anticipate delivery of the highly palatable sucrose outside of normal feeding schedules. This suggestion is supported by our finding that both sucrose and ghrelin treatments resulted in increases in amphetamine-induced locomotor responding. Thus, for the first time, we have provided evidence of a potential link between alterations in D2 receptors caused by the intake of hedonic foods and aberrant learning about cue-food relationships capable of promoting inappropriate feeding habits. In addition, we have found preliminary evidence to suggest that this is mediated by changes in ghrelin signaling, a finding that should stimulate further research into modulation of ghrelin activity to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Sharpe
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Australia,National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, Tel: +14156291740, E-mail:
| | | | - M J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences, UNSW, Australia
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