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Xue YH, Feng LS, Xu ZY, Zhao FY, Wen XL, Jin T, Sun ZX. The time-dependent variations of zebrafish intestine and gill after polyethylene microplastics exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1997-2010. [PMID: 34529203 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are common environmental contaminants that present a growing health concern due to their increasing presence in aquatic and human systems. However, the mechanisms behind MP effects on organisms are unclear. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used as an in vivo model to investigate the potential risks and molecular mechanisms of the toxic effects of polyethylene MPs (45-53 μm). In the zebrafish intestine, 6, 5, and 186 genes showed differential expression after MP treatment for 1, 5, and 10 days, respectively. In the gills, 318, 92, and 484 genes showed differential expression after MP treatment for 1, 5, and 10 days, respectively. In both the intestine and the gills, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation showed that the main enriched terms were biological regulation, cellular process, metabolic process, cellular anatomical entity, and binding. KEGG enrichment analysis on DEGs revealed that the dominant pathways were carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism, which were strongly influenced by MPs in the intestine. The dominant pathways in the gills were immune and lipid metabolism. The respiratory rate of gills, the activity of SOD and GSH in the intestine significantly increased after exposure to MPs compared with the control (p < 0.05), while the activity of SOD did not change in the gills. GSH activity was only significantly increased after MP exposure for 5 days. Also, the MDA content was not changed in the intestine but was significantly decreased in the gills after MP exposure. The activity of AChE significantly decreased only after MPs exposure for 5 days. Overall, these results indicated that MPs pollution significantly induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, increased respiratory rate, disturbed energy metabolism and stimulated immune function in fish, displaying an environmental risk of MPs to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Xue
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, PR China
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, PR China
| | - Liang-Shan Feng
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yu Xu
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, PR China
| | - Feng-Yan Zhao
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, PR China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Tuo Jin
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, PR China
| | - Zhan-Xiang Sun
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, PR China.
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52
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Liu S, Chen H, Wang J, Su L, Wang X, Zhu J, Lan W. The distribution of microplastics in water, sediment, and fish of the Dafeng River, a remote river in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113009. [PMID: 34808510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although rivers are one of the dominant pathways by which microplastics reach the oceans, reports on remote rivers are rare. Dafeng River is located in Guangxi Province, China, is an important water source and a habitat of a coastal dolphin, Sousa chinensis, which is a first-class national protected animal in China. In this study, we determined the distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the surface water, sediment, and fish of the river. During the dry and rainy seasons, the microplastics content of the surface water ranged from 3 × 10-4-2.5 × 10-3 items/L (7 × 10-4-0.12 items/m2) and 4 × 10-5-9 × 10-4 items/L (2 × 10-3-2.8 × 10-2 items/m2), while those in the sediment samples ranged from 9.4 to 50.3 items/kg (dry weight) and 0.0-21.3 items/kg, respectively. The pollution level during the dry season was approximately two to three times higher than that during the rainy season (P < 0.05). The estimated annual load of microplastics carried by the Dafeng River flow was 8.3 × 108 particles. The microplastics pollution in the Dafeng River was closely related with residential activities. The contents of microplastics in the digestive tracts and gills of fish ranged from 8 × 102 to 5.7 × 103 items/kg (0.3-6.7 items/individual) and 2 × 102 to 1.7 × 103 items/kg (0.1-3.0 items/individual), respectively. The proportion of blue particles in fish was significantly higher than that in the water and sediment, which may indicate that they prefer blue-colored items. The microplastics pollution levels in the water, sediment, and fish of the Dafeng River decreased in the following order: fish > sediment > surface water in terms of items/kg. The level of microplastics pollution in the Dafeng River was relatively low; however, that in aquatic organisms was more severe. Our work highlights the requirement for concern towards microplastics pollution in the organisms of remote rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Jingzhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Jingmin Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China.
| | - Wenlu Lan
- Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi, Beihai 536000, China.
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53
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Chen HL, Gibbins CN, Selvam SB, Ting KN. Spatio-temporal variation of microplastic along a rural to urban transition in a tropical river. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117895. [PMID: 34364115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is widely recognised as a global issue, posing risks to natural ecosystems and human health. The combination of rapid industrial and urban development and relatively limited environmental regulation in many tropical countries may increase the amount of microplastic entering rivers, but basic data on contamination levels are lacking. This is especially the case in tropical South East Asian countries. In this paper, the abundance, composition and spatio-temporal variation of microplastic in the Langat River, Malaysia, were assessed, and the relationship between microplastic concentration and river discharge was investigated. Water samples were collected over a 12-month period from 8 sampling sites on the Langat, extending from forested to heavily urbanised and industrial areas. All 508 water samples collected over this period contained microplastic; mean concentration across all sites and times was 4.39 particles/L but extended up to 90.00 particles/L in some urban tributaries. Most microplastics were secondary in origin, and dominated by fibres. Microplastic counts correlated directly with river discharge, and counts increased and decreased in response to changes in flow. A time-integrated assessment of the microplastic load conveyed by the Langat suggested that the river is typically (50 % of the time) delivering around 5 billion particles per day to the ocean. The positive correlation between the concentration of microplastics and suspended sediments in the Langat suggested that continuously logging turbidity sensors could be used to provide better estimates of microplastic loads and improve assessment of human and ecological health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Chen
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Christopher Neil Gibbins
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sivathass Bannir Selvam
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kang Nee Ting
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Gallego-Ríos SE, Peñuela GA, Martínez-López E. Updating the use of biochemical biomarkers in fish for the evaluation of alterations produced by pharmaceutical products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103756. [PMID: 34662733 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of toxic effects in stressful environmental conditions can be determined through the imbalance between exogenous factors (environmental contaminants) and enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses in biological systems. The use of fish for the identification of alterations in biochemical biomarkers provides a comprehensive vision of the effects that pharmaceutical products cause in the aquatic ecosystem, as they are organisms with high sensitivity to contaminants, filtering capacity, and potential for environmental toxicology studies. A wide range of pharmaceuticals can stimulate or alter a variety of biochemical mechanisms, such as oxidative damage to membrane lipids, proteins, and changes in antioxidant enzymes. This review includes a summary of knowledge of the last 20 years, in the understanding of the different biochemical biomarkers generated by exposure to pharmaceuticals in fish, which include different categories of pharmaceutical products: NSAIDs, analgesics, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, hormones, lipid regulators and mixtures. This review serves as a tool in the design of studies for the evaluation of the effects of pharmaceutical products, taking into account the most useful biomarkers, type of matrix, enzyme alterations, all taking the pharmaceutical group of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gallego-Ríos
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Spain
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55
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Albendín MG, Aranda V, Coello MD, González-Gómez C, Rodríguez-Barroso R, Quiroga JM, Arellano JM. Pharmaceutical Products and Pesticides Toxicity Associated with Microplastics (Polyvinyl Chloride) in Artemia salina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010773. [PMID: 34682526 PMCID: PMC8536102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products, as well as insecticides and antimicrobials, have been extensively studied, but knowledge of their effects-especially those caused by their mixtures with microplastics-on aquatic organisms remains limited. However, it should be borne in mind that the state of knowledge on acute and chronic effects in aquatic organisms for pharmaceuticals and pesticides is not similar. In response, this investigation analyzed the presence of microplastics (polyvinyl chloride) and their impacts on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos (an insecticide) and triclosan (an antibacterial) when they coincide in the environment, alongside the two most consumed drugs of their type (hypolipemic and anticonvulsant, respectively), namely simvastatin and carbamazepine, in Artemia salina. LC50 and cholinesterase enzyme activity were calculated to determine the possible neurotoxicity associated with emergent contaminants in the treatments. The LC50 values obtained were 0.006 mg/dm3 for chlorpyrifos, 0.012 mg/dm3 for chlorpyrifos associated with microplastics, 4.979 mg/dm3 for triclosan, 4.957 mg/dm3 for triclosan associated with microplastics, 9.35 mg/dm3 for simvastatin, 10.29 mg/dm3 for simvastatin associated with microplastics, 43.25 mg/dm3 for carbamazepine and 46.50 mg/dm3 for carbamazepine associated with microplastics in acute exposure. These results indicate that the presence of microplastics in the medium reduces toxicity, considering the LC50 values. However, exposure to chlorpyrifos and carbamazepine, both alone and associated with microplastics, showed a decline in cholinesterase activity, confirming their neurotoxic effect. Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed with the biomarker cholinesterase between the toxicant and the toxicant with microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gemma Albendín
- Toxicology Laboratory, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.G.A.); (V.A.); (C.G.-G.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Vanessa Aranda
- Toxicology Laboratory, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.G.A.); (V.A.); (C.G.-G.); (J.M.A.)
| | - María Dolores Coello
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (R.R.-B.); (J.M.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmen González-Gómez
- Toxicology Laboratory, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.G.A.); (V.A.); (C.G.-G.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Barroso
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (R.R.-B.); (J.M.Q.)
| | - José María Quiroga
- Environmental Technologies Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (R.R.-B.); (J.M.Q.)
| | - Juana María Arellano
- Toxicology Laboratory, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.G.A.); (V.A.); (C.G.-G.); (J.M.A.)
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56
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Chen HL, Selvam SB, Ting KN, Gibbins CN. Microplastic pollution in freshwater systems in Southeast Asia: contamination levels, sources, and ecological impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54222-54237. [PMID: 34386926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are synthetic polymers known for their outstanding durability and versatility, and have replaced traditional materials in many applications. Unfortunately, their unique traits ensure that they pose a major threat to the environment. While literature on freshwater microplastic contamination has grown over the recent years, research undertaken in rapidly developing countries, where plastic production and use are increasing dramatically, has lagged behind that in other parts of the world. In the South East Asia (SEA) region, basic information on levels of contamination is very limited and, as a consequence, the risk to human and ecological health remains hard to assess. This review synthesises what is currently known about microplastic contamination of freshwater ecosystems in SEA, with a particular focus on Malaysia. The review 1) summarises published studies that have assessed levels of contamination in freshwater systems in SEA, 2) discusses key sources and transport pathways of microplastic in freshwaters, 3) outlines what is known of the impacts of microplastic on freshwater organisms, and 4) identifies key knowledge gaps related to our understanding of the transport, fate and effects of microplastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Chen
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sivathass Bannir Selvam
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang Nee Ting
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christopher Neil Gibbins
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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57
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Guo X, Cai Y, Ma C, Han L, Yang Z. Combined toxicity of micro/nano scale polystyrene plastics and ciprofloxacin to Corbicula fluminea in freshwater sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147887. [PMID: 34051493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a global environmental threat, and its potential to affect the bioavailability and toxicity of pharmaceuticals to aquatic organism are of growing concern. However, little is known regarding the combined toxicity of micro/nano-plastics and pharmaceuticals to benthic organisms in sediments. Thus, we employed a freshwater benthic bivalve, Corbicula fluminea (C. fluminea), to investigate the individual and co-toxicity of model plastics, microscopic fluorescent polystyrene (PS) (PS nano-plastic (PS-NP) and PS micro-plastic (PS-MP), 80 nm and 6 μm, respectively) and the common antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) in formulated sediments. Our results suggest that oxidative damage and neurotoxicity were confirmed to occur in C. fluminea in all the treatments. The oxidative damage in the digestive glands reduced the clam ability to scavenge free radicals, causing severe tissue damage to the digestive glands of C. fluminea. Filtration rates of C. fluminea were significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner across all the treatments, which might be due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activities. Interactions between CIP and micro/nano-plastic were observed, whereby the presence of PS decreased the toxicity of CIP in the digestive glands but aggravated the C. fluminea siphoning inhibition rate in the nano-plastic co-treatments group; in addition, the CIP toxicity to C. fluminea decreased because that the concentration of free dissolved CIP was lowered by micro/nano-PS. Taken together, the current study could contribute greatly to evaluating the ecological risk of CIP and PS in aquatic environments and sheds light on potential issues of food safety caused by both emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yanpeng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Lanfang Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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58
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Kumkar P, Gosavi SM, Verma CR, Pise M, Kalous L. Big eyes can't see microplastics: Feeding selectivity and eco-morphological adaptations in oral cavity affect microplastic uptake in mud-dwelling amphibious mudskipper fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147445. [PMID: 33975109 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic contamination is a widespread global problem. Plastic pollution in the oceans has received a lot of news coverage, but there is a significant gap in our knowledge about its effect in estuarine areas and a profound regional bias in available information. Here, we estimated the degree of microplastic pollution, its impact on a selected fish, and its function as a vector for heavy metals in the Ulhas River estuary, which is one of the most fragile, polluted, and anthropogenically impacted estuaries in India. Using mudskipper fish, we have also assessed how the feeding guild and ecomorphological adaptations in the feeding apparatus affected the microplastic intake and life history traits of the fish. Sediment, water and fish samples were collected from three sampling localities (S1, S2 and S3) in the Ulhas River estuary and analysed. Findings showed an increase in microplastic abundance from S1 (suburban) to S3 (urban industrial belt) in sediment (96.67-130.0 particles kg-1), water (0.28-0.41 particles L-1) and fish (3.75-6.11 particles per fish). Fragments, followed by pellets and filaments largely contribute to the plastic morphotypes in sediment and water. FTIR analysis revealed polymers of anthropogenic and industrial origin such as polypropylene, Surlyn ionomer, low-density polyethylene, and polyethylene or polybutylene terephthalate. Only filaments were found in the guts of 74% of the mudskippers examined, which may be due to their filter-feeding habit and unique anatomical arrangement of oral structures that effectively filter large microplastic particles. Microplastic abundance showed a strong negative correlation with condition factor, fullness index and hepatosomatic index of fish. SEM-EDS analysis revealed that the microplastic surface topography played an important part in adsorbing heavy metals from a water body containing these contaminants. Results highlight the contamination of vulnerable estuarine habitats, harmful effects on resident biota, and health threats to dependent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumkar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sachin M Gosavi
- Department of Zoology, Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce, 246-A, Belasis Road, Opp. Alexandra Cinema, Mumbai 400 008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Chandani R Verma
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manoj Pise
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kalous
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
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59
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Solomando A, Capó X, Alomar C, Compa M, Valencia JM, Sureda A, Deudero S. Assessment of the effect of long-term exposure to microplastics and depuration period in Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758: Liver and blood biomarkers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147479. [PMID: 33975116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The constant increase in plastic pollution has attracted great attention in recent years due to its potential detrimental effects on organisms and ecosystems. While the consequences of ingestion of large plastic litter are mostly understood, the impacts resulting from a long-term exposure and a recovery period of microplastics (MPs) are still limited. The aims were to monitor oxidative stress, detoxification and inflammatory biomarkers in liver, plasma and erythrocytes of Sparus aurata exposed during 90 days to low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-MPs enriched diet (10% by weight) followed by 30 days of depuration. Exposure to LDPE-MPs progressively activates the antioxidant and detoxification system and induces an inflammatory response in liver and plasma, whereas no significant changes were observed in erythrocytes. The plasma activities of catalase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as maker of lipid peroxidation significantly increased after exposure to LDPE-MPs for 90 days compared to the control group. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes - catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase-, the detoxification enzyme glutathione s-transferase, MPO, the production of reactive oxygen species and the levels of MDA were also significantly increased in liver after MPs exposure. Additionally, all these biomarkers tended to recover during the depuration period, most of them reaching similar levels to those of the control group. In conclusion, the ingestion of a diet containing LDPE-MPs for 90 days induced a progressive increase in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in liver and plasma of S. aurata but not in erythrocytes, which tended to regain control values when not exposed to MPs for 30 days. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the toxic effects of MPs in S. aurata and highlights the usefulness of plasma that can be obtained in a minimally invasive way to monitor these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antònia Solomando
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Xavier Capó
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carme Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Compa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - José María Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura, LIMIA-Govern de les Illes Balears, E-07157 Port d'Andratx, Balearic Islands, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA) (INIA-CAIB-UIB), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain..
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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60
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Arslan P, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Ozeren SC, Kuzukiran O, Filazi A. In vitro effects of erythromycin and florfenicol on primary cell lines of Unio crassus and Cyprinus carpio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48408-48416. [PMID: 33913106 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous use of antibiotics leads exposure of these chemicals on non-target aquatic species, while the toxicity assays for these chemicals are time/labor consuming and expensive. Alternative approaches using primary cell cultures which retain the tissue functionality at its highest form have received global attention compared to cell lines. In the current study, the cytotoxic effects of two commonly used antibiotics from amphenicol (florfenicol) and macrolide (erythromycin) groups were evaluated on primary cell cultures of Unio crassus (mantle, digestive gland, gill, and gonad) and Cyprinus carpio (gill and liver) using MTT and Neutral Red assays. The highest cytotoxic effects were found on the mussel digestive gland and carp liver cells for florfenicol and erythromycin, while the lowest cytotoxic effects were found in mussel mantle cells for both drugs in the MTT test. In the NR test, the highest cytotoxic effects of erythromycin and florfenicol were found in the mussel gill, mantle, gonad, and carp gill cells; the lowest cytotoxic effect of erythromycin was found in the mussel digestive gland, while the lowest effect of florfenicol was found in the carp liver cells. The cytotoxicity of florfenicol was quite low for the carp liver, while the cytotoxicity of erythromycin was quite low in the mussel digestive tract. Thus, it was concluded that cells made from mussel tissues could be used in ecotoxicity tests, and sensitivity may vary according to the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Arslan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ozgur Kuzukiran
- Veterinary Department, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Filazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Guilhermino L, Martins A, Cunha S, Fernandes JO. Long-term adverse effects of microplastics on Daphnia magna reproduction and population growth rate at increased water temperature and light intensity: Combined effects of stressors and interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147082. [PMID: 33894603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In many ecosystems, the zooplankton community has been pressured simultaneously by microplastic pollution and alterations resulting from global climate changes. The potential influence of light intensity rise (from 10,830 lx to 26,000 lx) and water temperature rise (from 20 °C to 25 °C) on the long term-toxicity of microplastics (MPs) to Daphnia magna were investigated. Three 21-day laboratory bioassays with model MPs (1-5 μm diameter) were carried out at (i) 20 °C/10830 lx, (ii) 20 °C/26000 lx, and (iii) 25 °C/10830 lx. In each bioassay, one control (no MPs) and three MP concentrations (0.04, 0.09, 0.19 mg/L) were tested. In all the bioassays, MPs caused parental and juvenile mortality, and reduced the somatic growth, reproduction and population growth rate. The MP EC50s on living offspring (95% confidence interval within brackets) were 0.146 mg/L (0.142-0.151 mg/L) at 20 °C/10830 lx, 0.102 mg/L (0.099-0.105 mg/L) at 20 °C/26000 lx, and 0.101 mg/L (0.098-0.104 mg/L) at 25 °C/10830 lx. Relatively to the respective control group, 0.19 mg/L of MPs decreased the mean of the population growth rate by 27% at 20 °C/10830 lx, 38% at 20 °C/26000 lx and 59% at 25 °C/10830 lx. Based on the population growth rate and in relation to 20 °C/10830 lx (control, no MPs), the interaction between increased light intensity (26,000 lx) and MPs was synergism (at all the MP concentrations tested). The interaction between water temperature rise (25 °C) and MPs was antagonism at 0.04 mg/L of MPs and synergism at 0.09 and 0.19 mg/L of MPs. In the present scenario of climate changes and global MP pollution such findings raise high concern because zooplankton communities are crucial for aquatic biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning and services provided to humans. Further studies on the combined effects of MPs, other common pollutants, and alterations due to climate changes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Guilhermino
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Population Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Martins
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Population Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Portugal
| | - Sara Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Bour A, Hamann Sandgaard M, Syberg K, Palmqvist A, Carney Almroth B. Comprehending the complexity of microplastic organismal exposures and effects, to improve testing frameworks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125652. [PMID: 33773244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been identified as a threat to global ecosystems. Current projections indicate that the negative impacts of MPs will increase in the environment. Traditional toxicity testing does not account for the diversity of MP particles, the inherent diversity in potential exposure routes, and complex impacts in exposed organisms. Here we present and discuss factors influencing organismal exposure to MPs driven by fate and behavior of MPs in different environmental matrices and organisms behavioral niches. We then provide a structured classification of potential effects of MPs, chemical or particulate, generic or specific to MPs. Using these analyses, we discuss appropriateness and limitations of applying traditional, chemical-based ecotoxicity testing for the study of MPs, and propose practical recommendations and guidelines. Future laboratory based studies can be improved to increase understanding of potential real world effects of MPs by careful selection of appropriate exposure systems and conditions, test organism, MP characteristics, endpoints and required controls. We build upon recommendations provided in previous publications and complement them with a list of parameters and practical information that should be checked and/or reported in MP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Bour
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mallik A, Xavier KAM, Naidu BC, Nayak BB. Ecotoxicological and physiological risks of microplastics on fish and their possible mitigation measures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146433. [PMID: 33743469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed and extensively found within marine ecosystems, and approximately 8 million tons of plastics are being dumped into the sea annually. Once reached the marine environment, plastics tend to get fragmented into smaller particles through photo-degradation, mechanical and biological processes. These MPs have raised concerns globally due to their potential toxic impacts on a wide variety of aquatic fauna and humans. Ingested microplastics can cause severe health implications in fishes, including reduced feeding intensity, improper gill functioning, immuno-suppression, and compromised reproducibility. Several studies were also conducted to scrutinize MPs trophic transfer through the food chain from primary producers to top predators and their bioaccumulation. This paper briefly summarizes all the possible sources, routes, bioavailability, trophic transfer, and consequences of microplastics in fishes. The review article also intended to highlight various mitigation strategies like implementing Four R's concept (refuse, reduce, reuse, and recycle), integrated strategies, ban on single-use plastics, use bioplastics, and create behavioural changes with public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mallik
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - K A Martin Xavier
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Bejawada Chanikya Naidu
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Binaya Bhusan Nayak
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
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64
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Sun T, Zhan J, Li F, Ji C, Wu H. Environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics influence the locomotor activity of aquatic biota. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125581. [PMID: 34030420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in various marine and freshwater matrices has attracted great attention. However, the effect of MPs in natural environment on the locomotor performance of aquatic biota is still controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted, involving 116 effect sizes from 2347 samples, to quantitatively evaluate the alteration in locomotor behavior of aquatic organisms induced by MPs at environmentally relevant concentrations (≤ 1 mg/L, median = 0.125 mg/L). It was shown that MP exposure significantly inhibited the average speed and moved distance of aquatic organisms by 5% and 8% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared with the control, resulting in an obvious reduction of locomotor ability by 6% (p < 0.05). Egger's test indicated that the results were stable without publication bias (p > 0.05). The complex influence of MPs on the locomotor ability were characterized through random-effects meta-regression analyses, presenting size-, time-, concentration-dependent manners and multi-factors interactions. In addition, several physiological changes, including energy reserve reduction, metabolism disorder, gut microbiota dysbiosis, inflammation response, neurotoxic response, and oxidative stress, of aquatic organisms triggered by MP exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations were also provided, which might account for the MPs-induced locomotor activity decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Junfei Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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65
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Kim JH, Yu YB, Choi JH. Toxic effects on bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, oxidative stress, immune responses and neurotoxicity in fish exposed to microplastics: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125423. [PMID: 33930961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to microplastics (MP) in aquatic environment leads to bioaccumulation in fish, with MP size being a major factor in determining the accumulation profile. MPs absorbed into the fish body enter the circulatory system and affect hematological properties, changing the blood physiology. MPs also induce an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant capacity, causing oxidative damage. In addition, MPs impact immune responses due to physical and chemical toxicity, and cause neurotoxicity, altering AchE activity. Here, the toxic effects of MPs in fish through various indicators were examined, including bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, antioxidant responses, immune responses, and neurotoxicity in relation to MP exposure, facilitating the identification of biomarkers of MP toxicity following exposure of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- Fisheries Research & Development Institute, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Taean, South Korea; Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, South Korea.
| | - Young-Bin Yu
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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66
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Kukkola A, Krause S, Lynch I, Sambrook Smith GH, Nel H. Nano and microplastic interactions with freshwater biota - Current knowledge, challenges and future solutions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106504. [PMID: 33735690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of nano- and microplastic movement, propagation and potential effects on biota in freshwater environments is developing rapidly. Still, there are significant disconnects in the integration of knowledge derived from laboratory and field studies. This review synthesises the current understanding of nano- and microplastic impacts on freshwater biota from field studies and combines it with the more mechanistic insights derived from laboratory studies. Several discrepancies between the field and laboratory studies, impacting progress in process understanding, were identified including that the most prevalent plastic morphologies found in the field (fibres) are not those used in most of the laboratory studies (particles). Solutions to overcome these disparities are proposed to aid comparability of future studies. For example, environmental sampling and separation of biota into its constituents is encouraged when conducting field studies to map microplastic uptake preferences. In laboratory studies, recommendations include performing toxicity studies to systematically test possible factors affecting toxicity of nano- and microplastics, including morphology, chemical makeup (e.g., additives) and effects of plastic size. Consideration should be given to environmentally relevant exposure factors in laboratory studies, such as realistic exposure medium and effects of plastic ageing. Furthermore, based on this comprehensive review recommendations of principal toxicity endpoints for each of the main trophic levels (microbes, primary producers, primary consumers and secondary consumers) that should be reported to make toxicity studies more comparable in the future are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kukkola
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom; LEHNA- Laboratoire d'ecologie des hydrosystemes naturels et anthropises, University of Lyon, Darwin C & Forel, 3-6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Institute of Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, B15 2SA Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, B15 2SA Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory H Sambrook Smith
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Nel
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
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67
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Limonta G, Mancia A, Abelli L, Fossi MC, Caliani I, Panti C. Effects of microplastics on head kidney gene expression and enzymatic biomarkers in adult zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 245:109037. [PMID: 33753304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to massive production, improper use, and disposal of plastics, microplastics have become global environmental pollutants affecting both freshwater and marine ecosystems. Several studies have documented the uptake of microplastics in wild species and the correlated biological effects, such as epithelial damage, inflammation, metabolic alterations, and neurotoxicity. However, the effects of microplastics are not fully understood yet. In this study, adult zebrafish have been exposed for twenty days to two concentrations of a mix of polystyrene and high-density polyethylene microplastics. The biological effects were investigated through the expression levels of a set of selected genes in head kidney samples and two enzymatic biomarkers, acetylcholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase, in head and body homogenates respectively. The lowest microplastic concentration up-regulated genes involved in xenobiotics catabolic processes (cyp2p8), and adaptive immunity (tcra). Acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited by the highest microplastics exposure, while a weaker and no significant inhibition was induced by the lowest concentration. No significant effects on lactate dehydrogenase activity were observed. The results presented in this study support the hypothesis that MPs exposure could induce the activation of an immune response and the xenobiotic metabolism, suggesting also that the cytochrome P450 enzyme cyp2p8 and acetylcholinesterase may be sensitive to MPs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Limonta
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Annalaura Mancia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Abelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Zhang X, Wen K, Ding D, Liu J, Lei Z, Chen X, Ye G, Zhang J, Shen H, Yan C, Dong S, Huang Q, Lin Y. Size-dependent adverse effects of microplastics on intestinal microbiota and metabolic homeostasis in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106452. [PMID: 33639345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) is an emerging environmental pollutant and exposure to MPs has been associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in both wild and laboratory animals. The toxicity of MPs depends on concentration, exposure time, chemical composition and size distribution, but the impacts of particle size remain inconclusive yet. In this study, adult marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) were exposed to different size of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) with concentration of 10 mg/L for 60 days and the growth performance, lipid metabolism, immune parameters and gut microbiome were determined. Results indicated that particle size is a dominant factor causing lipid metabolism disorders and hepatic toxicity in PS-MPs-exposed fish. The bodyweight, adipocyte size and hepatic lipid contents were significantly increased in 200 μm PS-MPs-exposed fish, while 2 and 10 μm PS-MPs-exposed fish exhibited liver injury principally manifested asthepresence oflittlefibrosis and inflammation. Given that larger particles could not enter the circulatory system, the impacts of PS-MPs on intestinal microbial biota homeostasis were further investigated. The results not only showed the characterization of gut microbial communities in Oryzias melastigma, but also indicated that microbial diversity and composition were altered in gut of fish exposed to PS-MPs, in particular 200 μm PS-MPs. The differentially abundant bacterial taxa in PS-MPs-exposed fish mainly belonged to the phylum Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. And furthermore, increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and decreased Fusobacteria were correlated with the increased bodyweight. Intestinal microbiome should play a critical role in regulating host lipid metabolism in fish exposed to lager size of PS-MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongxiao Ding
- College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anhui 246011, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guozhu Ye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Sijun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Xin X, Huang G, Zhang B. Review of aquatic toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products to algae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124619. [PMID: 33248823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) have been frequently detected in the environment around the world. Algae play a significant role in aquatic ecosystem, thus the influence on algae may affect the life of higher trophic organisms. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of current research on the toxicity of PPCPs to algae. Nanoparticles, contained in personal care products, also have been considered as the ingredients of PPCPs. PPCPs could cause unexpected effects on algae and their communities. Chlorophyta and diatoms are more accessible and sensitive to PPCPs. Multiple algal endpoints should be considered to provide a complete evaluation on PPCPs toxicity. The toxicity of organic ingredients in PPCPs could be predicted through quantitative structure-activity relationship model, whereas the toxicity of nanoparticles could be predicted with limitations. Light irradiation can change the toxicity through affecting algae and PPCPs. pH and natural organic matter can affect the toxicity through changing the existence of PPCPs. For joint and tertiary toxicity, experiments could be conducted to reveal the toxic mechanism. For multiple compound mixture toxicity, concentration addition and independent addition models are preferred. However, there has no empirical models to study nanoparticle-contained mixture toxicity. Algae-based remediation is an emerging technology to prevent the release of PPCPs from water treatment plants. Although many individual algal species are identified for removing a few compounds from PPCPs, algal-bacterial photobioreactor is a preferable alternative, with higher chances for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaying Xin
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Civil Engineering, Memorial University, NL A1B 3X5, St. John's Canada; Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Regina, Canada
| | - Gordon Huang
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Regina, Canada.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Civil Engineering, Memorial University, NL A1B 3X5, St. John's Canada.
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Barrick A, Champeau O, Chatel A, Manier N, Northcott G, Tremblay LA. Plastic additives: challenges in ecotox hazard assessment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11300. [PMID: 33959427 PMCID: PMC8054737 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of plastic debris, and specifically micro(nano)plastic particles, to ecosystems remains to be fully characterized. One particular issue that warrants further characterization is the hazards associated with chemical additives within micro(nano)plastic as they are not chemically bound within the polymers and can be persistent and biologically active. Most plastics contain additives and are therefore potential vectors for the introduction of these chemicals into the environment as they leach from plastic, a process that can be accelerated through degradation and weathering processes. There are knowledge gaps on the ecotoxicological effects of plastic additives and how they are released from parent plastic materials as they progressively fragment from the meso to micro and nano scale. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the ecotoxicity of plastic additives and identifies research needs to characterize the hazard they present to exposed biota. The potential ecological risk of chemical additives is of international concern so key differences in governance between the European Union and New Zealand to appropriately characterize their risk are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicolas Manier
- French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | | | - Louis A Tremblay
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.,University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Atugoda T, Vithanage M, Wijesekara H, Bolan N, Sarmah AK, Bank MS, You S, Ok YS. Interactions between microplastics, pharmaceuticals and personal care products: Implications for vector transport. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106367. [PMID: 33497857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are well known for vector transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants, and there are growing concerns regarding their potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. However, recent studies focussing on hydrophilic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), have shown that the compounds ability to be adsorbed onto plastic surfaces. The extensive use of PPCPs has led to their ubiquitous presence in the environment resulting in their cooccurrence with microplastics. The partitioning between plastics and PPCPs and their fate through vector transport are determined by various physicochemical characteristics and environmental conditions of specific matrices. Although the sorption capacities of microplastics for different PPCP compounds have been investigated extensively, these findings have not yet been synthesized and analyzed critically. The specific objectives of this review were to synthesize and critically assess the various factors that affect the adsorption of hydrophilic compounds such as PPCPs on microplastic surfaces and their fate and transport in the environment. The review also focuses on environmental factors such as pH, salinity, and dissolved organics, and properties of polymers and PPCP compounds, and the relationships with sorption dynamics and mechanisms. Furthermore, the ecotoxicological effects of PPCP-sorbed microplastics on biota and human health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilakshani Atugoda
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle (UON), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Siming You
- James Watt School of Engineering, James Watt South Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Jaikumar IM, Periyakali SB, Rajendran U, Joen-Rong S, Thanasekaran J, Tsorng-Harn F. Effects of Microplastics, Polystyrene, and Polyethylene on Antioxidants, Metabolic Enzymes, HSP-70, and Myostatin Expressions in the Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Impact on Survival and Growth. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:645-658. [PMID: 33772631 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the biological effects of microplastics (MPs), polystyrene microspheres (PSM), and polyethylene microparticles (PEM) in the juveniles of the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The PSM (0.5-1.0 µm) and PEM (30.0-150.0 µm) were separately incorporated into the artificial diets with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mg per 100 g. The prawns were fed with these diets for a period of 60 days. Compared with control, the following dose-dependent changes have been recorded in PSM and PEM incorporated feeds fed prawns: declines in the survival rate, length and weight gains; increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); elevated concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde; decreased activities of metabolic enzymes, such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase; higher total RNA in hepatopancreas (HP) of PSM fed prawns compared with that of PEM; higher total RNA in muscle (MU) of PEM-fed prawns compared with that of PSM; prominent cDNA bands in 150 bp regions; up-regulated heat shock protein (HSP70) gene in HP; down-regulation of HSP70 gene in MU of PSM-fed prawns only; down-regulated myostatin (MSTN) gene. These results suggest that these MPs have affected the survival and growth, activated the antioxidant defense, inhibit the metabolic enzymes, positively regulated the HSP70 gene, and negatively regulated the MSTN gene in M. rosenbergii. Therefore, exposures to PSM and PEM caused biological effects in this species of prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheu Joen-Rong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Jayakumar Thanasekaran
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Fong Tsorng-Harn
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
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A Comparative Assessment of the Chronic Effects of Micro- and Nano-Plastics on the Physiology of the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030649. [PMID: 33800064 PMCID: PMC8001054 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ocean contamination caused by micro- and nano-sized plastics is a matter of increasing concern regarding their potential effects on marine organisms. This study compared the effects of a 21-day exposure to 1.5, 15, and 150 ng/L of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MP, 3-µm) and nanoplastics (PS-NP, 50-nm) on a suite of biomarkers measured in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Endpoints encompassed immunological/lysosomal responses, oxidative stress/detoxification parameters, and neurotoxicological markers. Compared to PS-MP, PS-NP induced higher effects on lysosomal parameters of general stress. Exposures to both particle sizes increased lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in gills; PS-NP elicited greater effects on the phase-II metabolism enzyme glutathione S-transferase and on lysozyme activity, while only PS-MP inhibited the hemocyte phagocytosis, suggesting a major role of PS particle size in modulating immunological/detoxification pathways. A decreased acetylcholinesterase activity was induced by PS-NP, indicating their potential to impair neurological functions in mussels. Biomarker data integration in the Mussel Expert System identified an overall greater health status alteration in mussels exposed to PS-NP compared to PS-MP. This study shows that increasing concentrations of nanoplastics may induce higher effects than microplastics on the mussel’s lysosomal, metabolic, and neurological functions, eventually resulting in a greater impact on their overall fitness.
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74
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No prominent toxicity of polyethylene microplastics observed in neonatal mice following intratracheal instillation to dams during gestational and neonatal period. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:443-450. [PMID: 34631501 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been recently recognized as a global environmental threat and its exposure as a risk factor to human health. Health effects through MPs exposure have been recently reported, especially through oral route of exposure. Since MPs could be exposed to humans through routes other than oral, this study was designed to evaluate whether MPs exposed through the inhalation route could be delivered to fetal mice and exhibit systemic toxicity. Polyethylene (PE) with 10-45 µm diameter were administered at 0 (distilled water, vehicle control), 6 (low administration), and 60 (high administration) µg/mouse/day to 3 pregnant dams per group from gestational day 9 to postnatal day (PND) 7 through intratracheal instillation. Dams and neonates were sacrificed at PND 7 and blood was collected. Various neonatal organs including brain, lung, heart, stomach, intestine, kidneys, and ovaries were collected for histopathological observation and weight measurement. No influence of PE-MPs administration was observed on the number of offsprings born, but the body and organs' weight were heavier overall in the high administration group of dams and neonates than the other groups with statistical significance achieved in the heart and spleen weight. Level of serum acetylcholinesterase and glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased in the high administration group of dams and neonates compared with the other groups. Lung was the organ with highest number of PE-MPs present in the both administration groups of dams, and PE-MPs were also detected in liver and intestine of the high administration dams. Whereas, PND7 neonates showed accountable numbers of PE-MPs only in kidneys of the high administration group. Overall, the present study indicates that PE-MPs instilled intratracheally could be delivered to neonates from dams. Even though adverse effects from PE-MPs exposure during pregnant and lactational period are less prominent on both dam and neonate, potential of second-generation toxicity could be considered for further investigation.
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75
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Huang W, Song B, Liang J, Niu Q, Zeng G, Shen M, Deng J, Luo Y, Wen X, Zhang Y. Microplastics and associated contaminants in the aquatic environment: A review on their ecotoxicological effects, trophic transfer, and potential impacts to human health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124187. [PMID: 33153780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The microplastic pollution and related ecological impacts in the aquatic environment have attracted global attention over the past decade. Microplastics can be ingested by aquatic organisms from different trophic levels either directly or indirectly, and transferred along aquatic food chains, causing different impacts on life activities of aquatic organisms. In addition, microplastics can adsorb various environmental chemical contaminants and release toxic plastic additives, thereby serving as a sink and source of these associated chemical contaminants and potentially changing their toxicity, bioavailability, and fate. However, knowledge regarding the potential risks of microplastics and associated chemical contaminants (e.g., hydrophobic organic contaminants, heavy metals, plastic additives) on diverse organisms, especially top predators, remains to be explored. Herein, this review describes the effects of microplastics on typical aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, and systematically summarizes the combined effects of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic biota. Furthermore, we highlight the research progress on trophic transfer of microplastics and associated contaminants along aquatic food chain. Finally, potential human health concerns about microplastics via the food chain and dietary exposure are discussed. This work is expected to provide a meaningful perspective for better understanding the potential impacts of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic ecology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuya Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiaqin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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76
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Bhagat J, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. Toxicological interactions of microplastics/nanoplastics and environmental contaminants: Current knowledge and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:123913. [PMID: 33127190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of microplastics/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) with other environmental contaminants has stimulated a focus shift of its skyrocketed research publications (more than 3000 papers during 2016-2020, Web of Science) from ubiquitous occurrence to interactive toxicity. Here, in this review, we provided the current state of knowledge on toxicological interaction of MPs/NPs with co-contaminants (heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, nanoparticles, organohalogens, plastic additives, and organotins). We discussed the possible interactions (aggregation, adsorption, accumulation, transformation, desorption) that played a role in influencing the toxicity of the mixture. Besides, the type of interactions such as synergistic, antagonistic, potentiating was expounded to get a deeper mechanistic understanding. Despite the wide occurrence and usage, scant studies were available on polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate. Our analysis shows a dearth of research on common occurring heavy metals (mercury, lead, chromium), phthalates, personal care products. Considerations for environmental factors such as the presence of dissolved organic matter, pH, salinity, temperature, and effects of different colors and types of polymer are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Bhagat
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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77
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How Does Mytilus galloprovincialis Respond When Exposed to the Gametophyte Phase of the Invasive Red Macroalga Asparagopsis armata Exudate? WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asparagopsis armata is classified as an invasive species in Europe. Through the exudation of secondary metabolites, this macroalga holds a chemical defence against consumers, with potential toxic effects to native rocky shore communities. This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of A. armata (gametophyte) exudate in a native species, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, in terms of biochemical and organismal effects. The 96 h-LC50 was 3.667% and based on it, exudate concentrations (0.25; 0.5; 1; 2%) were determined to further sublethal experiments. These sublethal concentrations caused no oxidative damage in the digestive gland since lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were not affected. Nevertheless, there was a significant rise in the electron transport system activity and total glutathione content in muscle, suggesting an increased non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and consequent energy consumption to cope with potential pro-oxidant compounds. This might have contributed to the observed decline in cellular energy allocation of the exposed mussels. At the organismal level, clearance capacity declined along the concentration gradient. Moreover, the number of functional byssuses decreased with increasing concentrations and a significant reduction in their attachment strength was observed. These findings suggest that the presence of A. armata may compromise M. galloprovincialis integrity in the invaded coastal areas.
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78
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Suteja Y, Atmadipoera AS, Riani E, Nurjaya IW, Nugroho D, Cordova MR. Spatial and temporal distribution of microplastic in surface water of tropical estuary: Case study in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111979. [PMID: 33484990 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, Indonesia estimated as the second-largest country in the world that donates plastic to the sea. This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in tropical estuaries. The sampling was carried out in Benoa Bay with four repetitions representing the wet and dry seasons. Spatially it was found that the highest microplastic abundance around the Suwung landfill, while the lowest at Badung River Estuary, middle, and an inlet of the Benoa Bay. The highest percentage to the lowest microplastic based on the size was 500-1000 μm (37.9%), >1000 μm (35.7%), 300-500 μm (22.1%), and <300 μm (4.3%), while based on the shape were fragments (73.19%), foam (17.02%), fiber (6.38%), and granule (3.40%). No significant differences were found between the wet and dry seasons based on the abundance, but significantly varied based on size and shape. Polymers of microplastics were dominated by polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulianto Suteja
- Marine Science Department, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Udayana University Indonesia, Jl. Raya Kampus Universitas Udayana, Bukit Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Agus Saleh Atmadipoera
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Etty Riani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - I Wayan Nurjaya
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dwiyoga Nugroho
- Agency of Research and Development for Marine and Fisheries, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Reza Cordova
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Vieira HC, Bordalo MD, Rodrigues ACM, Pires SFS, Rocha RJM, Soares AMVM, Rendón-von Osten J, Abreu SN, Morgado F. Water temperature modulates mercury accumulation and oxidative stress status of common goby (Pomatoschistus microps). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110585. [PMID: 33309824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a widespread pollutant across estuarine and coastal areas, raising concern on its potential impact on aquatic organisms. Hg may origin from natural and anthropogenic sources, being persistent and potentially toxic to biota, ultimately representing a serious risk to human health. Hg accumulation and toxicity may also induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in marine organisms, responsible for cell and tissue damage. Additionally, the temperature is undoubtedly an important environmental factor to consider regarding accumulation, due to its marked influence on the physiology and ecology of aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different temperature scenarios (15, 20 and 25 °C) on the Hg accumulation in Pomatoschistus microps (Krøyer, 1838) liver and muscle, as well as on oxidative stress responses and energy metabolism, after short-term exposure to a naturally contaminated sediment with an environmentally relevant [Hg] (1.2 μg g-1). The results showed that Hg accumulation tends to increase along the temperature gradient with higher values of Hg accumulated in liver than in muscle tissue. The action of antioxidant enzymes and stress proteins seems to be effective in combating oxidative stress in the liver. Despite the action of antioxidant defences in the muscle, oxidative damage was observed at the protein level concomitantly with a decrease in aerobic energy production after exposure to Hg at higher temperatures. These findings are ecologically relevant and highlight the importance of further investigation of combined effects of Hg and other stressors, especially in a scenario of a changing climate where events leading to rapid alterations on water parameters are more frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Vieira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M D Bordalo
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A C M Rodrigues
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S F S Pires
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R J M Rocha
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - S N Abreu
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F Morgado
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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80
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Rios-Fuster B, Arechavala-Lopez P, García-Marcos K, Alomar C, Compa M, Álvarez E, Julià MM, Solomando Martí A, Sureda A, Deudero S. Experimental evidence of physiological and behavioral effects of microplastic ingestion in Sparus aurata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105737. [PMID: 33422861 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global research has identified microplastics (MPs) to be impacting marine organisms. The present work aimed at investigating the physiological and behavioral effects of thirty-six juvenile Sparus aurata exposed to control, virgin and weathered MPs enriched diets during a 21-day period under controlled conditions. Physiological effects were assessed in liver and brain using the following biomarkers: activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd), the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicative of lipid peroxidation. Individuals were recorded for behavior analysis (i.e. social interactions and feeding behavior). Results revealed an increase in cellular stress from control to weathered fish groups, with the virgin group showing intermediate levels in all quantified biomarkers. Significant differences were found in the liver for all biomarkers except for MDA, suggesting that exposure time to MPs in this experiment is long enough to trigger the activation of antioxidant enzymes but not to produce cell damage by lipid peroxidation. In brain tissue samples, fish from the weathered group presented significantly higher values for CAT and SOD, highlighting its function as primary antioxidants. Regarding behavioral effects, results showed that the two MPs enriched groups were significantly bolder during social interactions and, although no significantly, tended to be more active during feeding. In conclusion, MPs which have been weathered in marine environmental conditions produces a higher physiological response than virgin MPs but also, a physiological response is variable depending on the tissue analyzed. In addition, a short period to MP exposure seems to affect overall social and feeding behavior but, further research is needed to assess long-term effects of MP ingestion and its potential consequences on fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rios-Fuster
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Pablo Arechavala-Lopez
- Fish Ecology Group, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA-CSIC/UIB), Mallorca, Spain; Fish Ethology and Welfare Group, Centro de Ciencias do Mar (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal
| | - Karlos García-Marcos
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carme Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Montserrat Compa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elvira Álvarez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Micaela Julià
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antònia Solomando Martí
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
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81
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Vieira Y, Lima EC, Foletto EL, Dotto GL. Microplastics physicochemical properties, specific adsorption modeling and their interaction with pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141981. [PMID: 32911167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the imminent threat that microplastics (MPs) associated with pharmaceuticals represent to the aquatic environment and public health. We initially focused upon recognizing and stressing that MPs are ubiquitous pollutants. The influence of environmental factors, such as pH, mechanical stress, and photodegradation, are examined, aiming to elucidate how both substances might associate, what are their simultaneous degradation pathways and, to understand the interactions between MPs and pharmaceuticals. Mathematical tools, such as modeling and simulations, are presented in detail, aiming to improve how information is interpreted. Furthermore, it is exhibited that MPs sorption and interaction behavior towards organic contaminants play an important role in understanding its dynamics in the environment, as well as their possible interactions with pharmaceuticals that are summarized. At last, MPs and pharmaceuticals toxicity and bioaccumulation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000-13, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Foletto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000-13, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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82
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Thiagarajan V, Alex SA, Seenivasan R, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Interactive effects of micro/nanoplastics and nanomaterials/pharmaceuticals: Their ecotoxicological consequences in the aquatic systems. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105747. [PMID: 33493974 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics are ubiquitous in the environment and cause pollution of the aquatic ecosystem, in particular, which is a serious concern worldwide. Micro/nanoplastics can act as a vector for multiple co-contaminants that co-exist in the aquatic environment. Apart from micro/nanoplastics, nanomaterials and pharmaceuticals are other emerging contaminants that can also raise severe problems. Thus, in this review, the physicochemical interactions occurring between micro/nanoplastics and nanomaterials and pharmaceuticals and the factors (chemical and environmental) affecting the sorption efficiency of nanomaterials and pharmaceuticals have been addressed. Furthermore, the influence of micro/nanoplastics on the bioavailability and toxic effects of nanomaterials and pharmaceuticals on both freshwater and marine species has been highlighted. Additional focus has also been given to study the mechanism of toxicity of the micro/nanoplastics-nanomaterials and pharmaceuticals complex on the different species of different trophic levels. Finally, this review addresses the knowledge gaps and provides insights into the future research strategies to better understand the interactive mechanisms between the binary contaminants and also the toxicity mechanisms of micro/nanoplastics and nanomaterials and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Thiagarajan
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Sruthi Ann Alex
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - R Seenivasan
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India.
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83
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Puckowski A, Cwięk W, Mioduszewska K, Stepnowski P, Białk-Bielińska A. Sorption of pharmaceuticals on the surface of microplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127976. [PMID: 32835979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The presence of both pollutants: microplastics and pharmaceutical residues in various environmental compartments is an issue of increasing concern. Available literature data indicates that microplastics can affect the environmental distribution and transport of e.g. persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through sorption interactions, concentrating them at a given point and thus influencing the environmental risks represented by the sorbent and sorbate pair. Therefore, their potential to change the fate of other contaminants in the environment, such as pharmaceuticals, is worth investigating. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sorption capacity of nine pharmaceuticals, commonly used in human and veterinary medicine, which constitute known ubiquitous water pollutants: enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate (MET), flubendazole (FLU), fenbendazole (FEN), propranolol (PRO) and nadolol (NAD), on the surface of the most often identified microscopic plastic particles in the aquatic environment, i.e. polypropylene (PP), low density polyethylene (LD-PE), high density polyethylene (HD-PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The obtained results suggest a complex nature of sorption, including both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. However, since the ionic strength of the medium was found to be a significant factor influencing the sorption potential, minute interactions are observed in conditions common for the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Puckowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Weronika Cwięk
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mioduszewska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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84
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Du S, Zhu R, Cai Y, Xu N, Yap PS, Zhang Y, He Y, Zhang Y. Environmental fate and impacts of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15762-15784. [PMID: 35481192 PMCID: PMC9031200 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide usage of plastic products leads to the global occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment. Due to the small size, they can be bio-ingested, which may cause certain health effects. The present review starts with summarizing the main sources of various types of MPs and their occurrences in the aquatic environment, as well as their transportation and degradation pathways. The analysis of migration of MPs in water environments shows that the ultimate fate of most MPs in water environments is cracked into small fragments and sinking into the bottom of the ocean. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for detection and analysis of MPs are summarized. In addition, based on recent researches, the present review discusses MPs as carriers of organic pollutants and microorganisms, and explores the specific effects of MPs on aquatic organisms in the case of single and combined pollutants. Finally, by analysing the causes and influencing factors of their trophic transfer, the impact of MPs on high-level trophic organisms is explored. The sources, fate and impacts of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Rongwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Yujie Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Yide He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- P. R. China
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85
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Suman KH, Haque MN, Uddin MJ, Begum MS, Sikder MH. Toxicity and biomarkers of micro-plastic in aquatic environment: a review. Biomarkers 2020; 26:13-25. [PMID: 33305964 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1863470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs; <5 mm) are found in all aquatic environments. Due to harmful impacts, MPs pose a great threat to the aquatic ecology. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the risk, bioavailability, and toxicity of MPs in aquatic organisms. Various factors affecting MPs bioavailability and level of risks at cellular and molecular level on aquatic organisms are comprehensively discussed. More specifically biomarkers for antioxidant response (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase, and glutathione S-transferase), neurotoxic impairment (acetylcholinesterase), lysosomal activity alteration, and genotoxicity have been discussed in detail. Biomarkers are powerful tool in the monitoring programme, but the collection of literature on biomarkers for MPs is limited. Thus, here we demonstrate how to evaluate MPs impact, in monitoring programme, on organisms using biomarkers in aquatic environment. This review would broaden the existing knowledge on the toxic effect and biomarkers of MPs and offer research priorities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrul Hassan Suman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Fisheries Biology and Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Niamul Haque
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Most Shirina Begum
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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86
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Zhang Y, Pu S, Lv X, Gao Y, Ge L. Global trends and prospects in microplastics research: A bibliometric analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123110. [PMID: 32574874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is a global enviromental issues. This is the first time in recent decades that quantitative and qualitative evidence from bibliometrics and Altmetric has been used to conduct an in-depth statistical analysis of global microplastics research knowledge and demonstrate research progress, trends and hotspots. We comprehensively searched the Web of Science Core Collection scientific database from its inception (1986) to September 21, 2019. The study shown that the number of papers on microplastics has increased significantly since 2011. Worldwide, researchers in the field come mostly from Western Europe, mainly spread in the UK, Netherlands and Belgium. With the exception of China, the contribution of developing countries was very limited. Moreover, this study systematically elaborated the hotspots in this field (especially in ecological toxicity and human health risks). The results shown that research on marine systems and marine plankton is still dominant. Since human beings are the ultimate consumers of the food chain, microplastics may have potential effects on the human respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract. Towards that end, some topics and perspectives are noted that could indicate the current scientific hotspots and guide future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Xue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ya Gao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Long Ge
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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87
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Santos D, Félix L, Luzio A, Parra S, Cabecinha E, Bellas J, Monteiro SM. Toxicological effects induced on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after an acute exposure to microplastics alone or co-exposed with copper. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127748. [PMID: 32738713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Data about the toxicological interactions of MPs and heavy metals in biota is limited, particularly in fish early life stages. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of MPs and copper (Cu), alone or combined, in zebrafish early life stages. Embryos were exposed from 2 until 96-h post-fertilization (hpf) to MPs (2 mg/L), three sub-lethal concentrations of Cu (15, 60 and 125 μg/L) and binary mixtures containing Cu and MPs (Cu15+MPs, Cu60+MPs, Cu125+MPs). Lethal and sub-lethal parameters, histopathological changes, biochemical biomarkers, gene expression and behavior were assessed. Our findings showed that Cu and Cu + MPs decreased embryos survival and hatching rate. Increased ROS levels were observed in larvae exposed to the two lowest Cu and Cu + MPs groups, suggesting an induction of oxidative stress. An increased CAT and GPx activities were observed in Cu and Cu + MPs, implying a response of the antioxidant defense system to overcome the metal and MPs stress. The sod1 expression was downregulated in all Cu groups and in the two highest Cu + MPs exposed groups. AChE was significantly inhibited in Cu and Cu + MPs groups, indicating neurotoxicity. A disruption of avoidance and social behaviors were also noticed in the Cu125 and Cu125+MPs exposed larvae. Evidences of Cu-toxicity modulation by MPs were observed in some endpoints. Overall, the findings of this study highlight that Cu alone or co-exposed with MPs lead to oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and ultimately behavioral alterations in early life stages of zebrafish, while MPs alone do not produce significant effects on zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dércia Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, nº 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Susana Parra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Edna Cabecinha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Juan Bellas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
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88
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Huang JN, Wen B, Meng LJ, Li XX, Wang MH, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Integrated response of growth, antioxidant defense and isotopic composition to microplastics in juvenile guppy (Poecilia reticulata). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123044. [PMID: 32521315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution becomes a research hotspot and many studies focus on threats of MPs, but few have integrated multi-level indicators to assess response to MPs of organisms. Here we exposed guppy (Poecilia reticulata) to MPs (polystyrene; 32-40 μm diameter) with two concentrations (100 and 1000 μg/L) for 28 days. We found that higher accumulation of MPs appeared in guppy gill than that in gut. MPs had no obvious effect on guppy growth but significantly inhibited the condition factor. Oxidative stress presented in guppy viscera with activated antioxidants. The decline of Na+/K+-ATP activity in guppy indicated that MPs might interfere with the osmotic balance of gills. MPs reduced body molar ratio of C:N and δ13C value, but no apparent impact on δ15N. It implied that MPs probably altered elemental transition. Eventually, through integrated biomarkers response index (IBR) of guppy, we found that catalase activity was the highest index in response to MPs, and the response of growth performance to MPs was lower than that of oxidative stress and element alteration. Risks of MPs aggravated in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggested that multi-level IBR approach should be adopted to quantify effects of MPs on aquatic organisms, especially on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Huang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Liu-Jiang Meng
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mei-Hui Wang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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89
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McCormick MI, Chivers DP, Ferrari MCO, Blandford MI, Nanninga GB, Richardson C, Fakan EP, Vamvounis G, Gulizia AM, Allan BJM. Microplastic exposure interacts with habitat degradation to affect behaviour and survival of juvenile fish in the field. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201947. [PMID: 33109008 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are degrading globally due to increased environmental stressors including warming and elevated levels of pollutants. These stressors affect not only habitat-forming organisms, such as corals, but they may also directly affect the organisms that inhabit these ecosystems. Here, we explore how the dual threat of habitat degradation and microplastic exposure may affect the behaviour and survival of coral reef fish in the field. Fish were caught prior to settlement and pulse-fed polystyrene microplastics six times over 4 days, then placed in the field on live or dead-degraded coral patches. Exposure to microplastics or dead coral led fish to be bolder, more active and stray further from shelter compared to control fish. Effect sizes indicated that plastic exposure had a greater effect on behaviour than degraded habitat, and we found no evidence of synergistic effects. This pattern was also displayed in their survival in the field. Our results highlight that attaining low concentrations of microplastic in the environment will be a useful management strategy, since minimizing microplastic intake by fishes may work concurrently with reef restoration strategies to enhance the resilience of coral reef populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I McCormick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7 W 5B4, Canada
| | - Makeely I Blandford
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Gerrit B Nanninga
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Celia Richardson
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Eric P Fakan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Sciences and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Gulizia
- College of Sciences and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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90
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Horton AA, Barnes DKA. Microplastic pollution in a rapidly changing world: Implications for remote and vulnerable marine ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:140349. [PMID: 32806379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems in remote regions tend to be highly specific, having historically evolved over long timescales in relatively constant environmental conditions, with little human influence. Such regions are amongst those most physically altering and biologically threatened by global climate change. In addition, they are increasingly receiving anthropogenic pollution. Microplastic pollution has now been found in these most remote places on earth, far from most human activities. Microplastics can induce complex and wide-ranging physical and chemical effects but little to date is known of their long-term biological impacts. In combination with climate-induced stress, microplastics may lead to enhanced multi-stress impacts, potentially affecting the health and resilience of species and ecosystems. While species in historically populated areas have had some opportunity to adapt to mounting human influence over centuries and millennia, the relatively rapid intensification of widespread anthropogenic activities in recent decades has provided species in previously 'untouched' regions little such opportunities. The characteristics of remote ecosystems and the species therein suggest that they could be more sensitive to the combined effects of microplastic pollution, global physical change and other stressors than elsewhere. Here we discuss how species and ecosystems within two remote yet contrasting regions, coastal Antarctica and the deep sea, might be especially vulnerable to harm from microplastic pollution in the context of a rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Horton
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - David K A Barnes
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
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91
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Ma J, Sheng GD, O'Connor P. Microplastics combined with tetracycline in soils facilitate the formation of antibiotic resistance in the Enchytraeus crypticus microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114689. [PMID: 32388302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that microplastics can adsorb antibiotics and may consequently exacerbate effects on the health of exposed organisms. Our current understanding of the combined effects of microplastics and antibiotics on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil invertebrates is limited. This study aimed to investigate changes in the microbiome and ARGs in Enchytraeus crypticus following exposure to a soil environment that contained both microplastics and antibiotics. Tetracycline (TC), polyamide (PA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were used to construct microcosms of polluted soil environments (TC, PA, PVC, PA+TC, PVC+TC). The differences in microbiomes and ARGs were determined by bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and high throughput quantitative PCR. The results show that compared with the Control or microplastics alone treatments, TC was significantly accumulated in E. crypticus when exposed to TC alone or in combination with microplastics (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences about TC accumulation between TC, PA+TC, and PVC+TC treated E. crypticus (P > 0.05). Microplastics and TC significantly disturbed the microbial community, and decreased the microbial alpha diversity of E. crypticus (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between TC, microplastics and their combined exposure treatments, and no toxic synergies on the diversity of E. crypticus microbiome between tetracycline and microplastics in soil environment. All the treatments increased the diversity of ARGs in E. crypticus (39-49 ARGs vs. 25 ARGs of control). In particular, treatments combining PVC and TC or PA and TC exposure resulted in greater ARGs abundance than the treatments when E. crypticus was exposed to PVC, PA or TC alone. These results add to our understanding of the combined effects of microplastics and antibiotics on the ARGs and microbiome of soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environmental Observatory and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - G Daniel Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Patrick O'Connor
- Centre for Global Food and Resources, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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92
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Interacting Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics and the Antidepressant Amitriptyline on Early Life Stages of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta f. fario). WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whether microplastics themselves or their interactions with chemicals influence the health and development of aquatic organisms has become a matter of scientific discussion. In aquatic environments, several groups of chemicals are abundant in parallel to microplastics. The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline is frequently prescribed, and residues of it are regularly found in surface waters. In the present study, the influence of irregularly shaped polystyrene microplastics (<50 µm), amitriptyline, and their mixture on early life-stages of brown trout were investigated. In a first experiment, the impacts of 100, 104, and 105 particles/L were studied from the fertilization of eggs until one month after yolk-sac consumption. In a second experiment, eggs were exposed in eyed ova stages to 105, 106 particles/L, to amitriptyline (pulse-spiked, average 48 ± 33 µg/L) or to two mixtures for two months. Microplastics alone did neither influence the development of fish nor the oxidative stress level or the acetylcholinesterase activity. Solely, a slight effect on the resting behavior of fry exposed to 106 particles/L was observed. Amitriptyline exposure exerted a significant effect on development, caused elevated acetylcholinesterase activity and inhibition of two carboxylesterases. Most obvious was the severely altered swimming and resting behavior. However, effects of amitriptyline were not modulated by microplastics.
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93
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Sıkdokur E, Belivermiş M, Sezer N, Pekmez M, Bulan ÖK, Kılıç Ö. Effects of microplastics and mercury on manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum: Feeding rate, immunomodulation, histopathology and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114247. [PMID: 32120258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution, which is one of the most important environmental problems at the present time, has been understood recently, and the effects of this pollution on ecosystem and biota are becoming a growing problem, especially in the aquatic ecosystems. Direct or indirect exposure to those particles leads to adverse effects on marine organisms. In the marine environment, plastic materials interact with other pollutants such as metals, thereby affecting the uptake levels of those pollutants in marine organisms. In the present study, the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum was exposed to polyethylene microbeads and mercury chloride in single, combined and incubated form at environmentally relative concentrations for one week in controlled laboratory conditions. The uptake and tissue distribution of both stressors as well as the vector role of microplastics on mercury uptake in the organisms were investigated. Filtration rates, biomarkers for immunomodulation and oxidative stress, and histological alterations were also evaluated. Microplastics were ingested by the clams, and translocated to the various tissues. However, contaminated microplastics displayed a negligible vector role in terms of mercury bioaccumulation in the clams. The single and interactive exposure of the stressors reduced the filtration rate in the clams. Both pollutants affected the immune system of the organisms. Histological alterations were determined in the gill and digestive gland tissues of the clams among the treatment groups, although oxidative stress biomarkers remained unchanged. This study suggests that the vector role of polyethylene microplastics in mercury uptake is negligible and reveals that the single and interactive one-week exposure of two pollutants induce toxicity in the manila clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Sıkdokur
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narin Sezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Pekmez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömür Karabulut Bulan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
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94
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Prüst M, Meijer J, Westerink RHS. The plastic brain: neurotoxicity of micro- and nanoplastics. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:24. [PMID: 32513186 PMCID: PMC7282048 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the global abundance and environmental persistence, exposure of humans and (aquatic) animals to micro- and nanoplastics is unavoidable. Current evidence indicates that micro- and nanoplastics can be taken up by aquatic organism as well as by mammals. Upon uptake, micro- and nanoplastics can reach the brain, although there is limited information regarding the number of particles that reaches the brain and the potential neurotoxicity of these small plastic particles. Earlier studies indicated that metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles, such as gold (Au) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, can also reach the brain to exert a range of neurotoxic effects. Given the similarities between these chemically inert metal(oxide) nanoparticles and plastic particles, this review aims to provide an overview of the reported neurotoxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics in different species and in vitro. The combined data, although fragmentary, indicate that exposure to micro- and nanoplastics can induce oxidative stress, potentially resulting in cellular damage and an increased vulnerability to develop neuronal disorders. Additionally, exposure to micro- and nanoplastics can result in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and altered neurotransmitter levels, which both may contribute to the reported behavioral changes. Currently, a systematic comparison of the neurotoxic effects of different particle types, shapes, sizes at different exposure concentrations and durations is lacking, but urgently needed to further elucidate the neurotoxic hazard and risk of exposure to micro- and nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minne Prüst
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonelle Meijer
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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95
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Interaction of Environmental Pollutants with Microplastics: A Critical Review of Sorption Factors, Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicological Effects. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8020040. [PMID: 32498316 PMCID: PMC7355763 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have become one of the leading environmental threats due to their persistence, ubiquity and intrinsic toxic potential. The potential harm that microplastics impose on ecosystems varies from direct effects (i.e., entanglement and ingestion) to their ability to sorb a diversity of environmental pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, persistent organic compounds or pharmaceuticals). Therefore, the toxicological assessment of the combined effects of microplastics and sorbed pollutants can produce in biota is one of the hottest topics on the environmental toxicology field. This review aims to clarify the main impacts that this interaction could have on ecosystems by (1) highlighting the principal factors that influence the microplastics sorption capacities; (2) discussing the potential scenarios in which microplastics may have an essential role on the bioaccumulation and transfer of chemicals; and (3) reviewing the recently published studies describing toxicological effects caused by the combination of microplastics and their sorbed chemicals. Finally, a discussion regarding the need for a new generation of toxicological studies is presented.
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96
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Weber A, Jeckel N, Wagner M. Combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and thermal stress on the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137253. [PMID: 32087582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced changes in the environment have increased the number of stressors impacting aquatic organism. In the light of climate change and plastic pollution, thermal stress and microplastics (MP) have become two of the most intensively studied stressors in aquatic ecosystems. Previous studies, however, mostly evaluated the impacts of thermal and MP stress in isolation, thereby neglecting joint effects. To examine the combined effects of both, we exposed the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha to irregular polystyrene MP (6.4, 160, 4000, 100,000 p mL-1) at either 14, 23 or 27 °C for 14 days and analyzed mortality, mussel activity and clearance rate, energy reserves, oxidative stress and the immunological state. Further, we exposed the mussels to diatomite (natural particle equivalent, 100,000 p mL-1) at each of the three water temperatures to compare MP and natural particle toxicity. An increase in water temperature has a pronounced effect on D. polymorpha and significantly affects the activity, energy reserves, oxidative stress and immune function. In contrast, the effects by MP are limited to a change in the antioxidative capacity without any interactive effects between MP and thermal exposure. The comparison of the MP with a diatomite exposure revealed only limited influence of the particle type on the response of D. polymorpha to high concentrations of suspended particles. The results indicate that MPs have minor effects on a freshwater mussel compared to thermal stress, neither alone nor as interactive effect. Limited MP toxicity could be based on adaptation mechanism of dreissenids to suspended solids. Nonetheless, MP may contribute to environmental impacts of multiple anthropogenic stressors, especially if their levels increase in the future. Therefore, we suggest integrating MP into the broader context of multiple stressor studies to understand and assess their joint impacts on freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkatrin Weber
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Jeckel
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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97
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Barboza LGA, Lopes C, Oliveira P, Bessa F, Otero V, Henriques B, Raimundo J, Caetano M, Vale C, Guilhermino L. Microplastics in wild fish from North East Atlantic Ocean and its potential for causing neurotoxic effects, lipid oxidative damage, and human health risks associated with ingestion exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:134625. [PMID: 31836230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) pollution has received increased attention over the last few years. However, while the number of studies documentating the ingestion of microplastics by fish has increased, fewer studies have addressed the toxicological effects derived from the ingestion of these small items in wild conditions. Here, MP contamination and effect biomarkers were investigated in three commercially important fish species from the North East Atlantic Ocean. From the 150 analysed fish (50 per species), 49 % had MP. In fish from the 3 species, MP in the gastrointestinal tract, gills and dorsal muscle were found. Fish with MP had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher lipid peroxidation levels in the brain, gills and dorsal muscle, and increased brain acetylcholinesterase activity than fish where no MP were found. These results suggest lipid oxidative damage in gills and muscle, and neurotoxicity through lipid oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase induction in relation to MP and/or MP-associated chemicals exposure. From the 150 fish analysed, 32 % had MP in dorsal muscle, with a total mean (± SD) of 0.054 ± 0.099 MP items/g. Based on this mean and on EFSA recommendation for fish consumption by adults or the general population, human consumers of Dicentrachus labrax, Trachurus trachurus, Scomber colias may intake 842 MP items/year from fish consumption only. Based on the mean of MP in fish muscle and data (EUMOFA, NOAA) of fish consumption per capita in selected European and American countries, the estimated intake of microplastics through fish consumption ranged from 518 to 3078 MP items/year/capita. Considering that fish consumption is only one of the routes of human exposure to microplastics, this study and others in the literature emphasize the need for more research, risk assessment and adoption of measures to minimize human exposure to these particles. Thus, MP pollution and its effects should be further investigated and addressed according to the WHO 'One Health' approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Gabriel A Barboza
- ICBAS-UP - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal.
| | - Clara Lopes
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon 1495-006, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Oliveira
- ICBAS-UP - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Filipa Bessa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Otero
- Department of Conservation and Restoration and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Monte de Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon 1495-006, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Lisbon 1495-006, Portugal
| | - Carlos Vale
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Guilhermino
- ICBAS-UP - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
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98
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De-la-Torre GE. Microplastics: an emerging threat to food security and human health. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:1601-1608. [PMID: 32327770 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04138-1/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic presence in seafood and foodstuff have been documented globally in recent studies. Consequently, human exposure to microplastics through the ingestion of contaminated food is inevitable and pose a risk to food security and human health. In this review, microplastics and related xenobiotics are defined, global evidence of microplastic pollution in seafood is reviewed, the impacts to commercial marine species and food security are discussed, and the current knowledge of its direct effects on human health is reviewed. In addition, limited information regarding food security and scientific gaps are identified. Although microplastics in the marine environment and its effects on marine organisms have been well documented, more research is needed to completely understand the implications of microplastics over food security and human health. Further research must focus on monitoring and eliminating microplastics along the food supply chain and determining the extent to which food security is affected by microplastic pollution.
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99
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Pérez-Albaladejo E, Solé M, Porte C. Plastics and plastic additives as inducers of oxidative stress. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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100
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Enyoh CE, Shafea L, Verla AW, Verla EN, Qingyue W, Chowdhury T, Paredes M. Microplastics Exposure Routes and Toxicity Studies to Ecosystems: An Overview. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2020; 35:e2020004. [PMID: 32570999 PMCID: PMC7308665 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.e2020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are now ubiquitous in global ecosystem, therefore all biota is at risk of exposure and potential toxicity. In this study, we presented an overview of information based on literature concerning exposure to MPs and the toxicity of such exposure. Currently, four major routes of exposure have been identified including entanglement, contact, ingestion and inhalation. Humans maybe the most exposed organism because they are at the peak of the food chain. Toxicology effect to marine and freshwater organisms are classified based on exposure dosage as either high (mortality, decreased reproductive output, organ damage) or low (changes in behavior with time). On plants, reports have shown that MPs exposure can affect negatively the growth and depending on exposure concentration and types of MPs and oxidative activities. However, effects on plants maybe short-term and transient. Although, toxicity studies regarding human are still ongoing as per reports, plants and animals are still scantly studied. Animal toxicity studies have widely used D. magna as model specie. MPs pollution may have a knock-on effect on trophic structure and functioning of ecosystems by affecting the base of the food chain. We concluded by identifying the gap in knowledge and give recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ebere Enyoh
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE&CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University (IMSU), PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State,
Nigeria
| | - Leila Shafea
- Department of Soil Science, Universität Kassel, Kassel,
Germany
| | - Andrew Wirnkor Verla
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE&CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University (IMSU), PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State,
Nigeria
| | - Evelyn Ngozi Verla
- Department of Environmental Technology, School of Environmental Science, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B.1526, Imo State,
Nigeria
| | - Wang Qingyue
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama,
Japan
| | - Tanzin Chowdhury
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama,
Japan
| | - Marcel Paredes
- Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Chimborazo, Riobamba,
Ecuador
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