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Hypoglycaemic effect of capsaicinoids via elevation of insulin level and inhibition of glucose absorption in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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52
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Goyal N, Tiwary S, Kesharwani D, Datta M. Long non-coding RNA H19 inhibition promotes hyperglycemia in mice by upregulating hepatic FoxO1 levels and promoting gluconeogenesis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 97:115-126. [PMID: 30465059 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In a previous report from our laboratory, it was reported that hepatic levels of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), H19 are decreased in diabetic mice which elevates hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose output. But, the mechanisms of H19 inhibition in elevating gluconeogenic genes' transcription and promoting hepatic glucose output were not known. In this study, we aimed to decipher this regulatory role of H19 on glucose metabolism and on FoxO1, an important transcriptional regulator of gluconeogenesis. While H19 inhibition in HepG2 cells increased the levels of FoxO1, its overexpression led to significant inhibition in FoxO1 levels, thereby identifying H19 as an important regulator of FoxO1. Our data also demonstrates that in the absence of H19, there is increased occupancy of p53 on the FoxO1 promoter that possibly is responsible for increased FoxO1 transcription. In vivo silencing of H19 in normal mice caused hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and impaired glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, however, did not show any change. H19 inhibition significantly elevated the hepatic levels of FoxO1 and all the gluconeogenic genes. While fasting increased gluconeogenic genes' transcription, the levels of H19 were decreased and these patterns reversed upon refeeding the mice. Thus, gluconeogenic genes and H19 levels show inverse patterns of expression, and these results indicate towards an important regulatory role of the lncRNA, H19. It acts as an upstream regulator of gluconeogenesis by regulating the transcription of FoxO1, an important transcription factor of gluconeogenic genes, and hence, regulates hepatic glucose metabolism. KEY MESSAGES: H19 regulates FoxO1 transcript and protein levels. H19 inhibition increases p53 occupancy on the FoxO1 promoter that promotes FoxO1 transcription. H19 inhibition in vivo induces hyperglycemia and impairs glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance. In vivo H19 inhibition increases the hepatic transcript levels of gluconeogenic genes and FoxO1. Transcript levels of H19 and gluconeogenic genes are inversely regulated during fed and fasted states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goyal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,CSIR-HRDC, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Shweta Tiwary
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,CSIR-HRDC, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Devesh Kesharwani
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,CSIR-HRDC, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Malabika Datta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India. .,CSIR-HRDC, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Dalziel AC, Laporte M, Guderley H, Bernatchez L. Do differences in the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes between Lake Whitefish ecotypes match predictions from transcriptomic studies? Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:138-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wahlang B, McClain C, Barve S, Gobejishvili L. Role of cAMP and phosphodiesterase signaling in liver health and disease. Cell Signal 2018; 49:105-115. [PMID: 29902522 PMCID: PMC6445381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease is a significant health problem worldwide with mortality reaching around 2 million deaths a year. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are the major causes of chronic liver disease. Pathologically, NAFLD and ALD share similar patterns of hepatic disorders ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. It is becoming increasingly important to identify new pharmacological targets, given that there is no FDA-approved therapy yet for either NAFLD or ALD. Since the evolution of liver diseases is a multifactorial process, several mechanisms involving parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells contribute to the initiation and progression of liver pathologies. Moreover, certain protective molecular pathways become repressed during liver injury including signaling pathways such as the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway. cAMP, a key second messenger molecule, regulates various cellular functions including lipid metabolism, inflammation, cell differentiation and injury by affecting gene/protein expression and function. This review addresses the current understanding of the role of cAMP metabolism and consequent cAMP signaling pathway(s) in the context of liver health and disease. The cAMP pathway is extremely sophisticated and complex with specific cellular functions dictated by numerous factors such abundance, localization and degradation by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Furthermore, because of the distinct yet divergent roles of both of its effector molecules, the cAMP pathway is extensively targeted in liver injury to modify its role from physiological to therapeutic, depending on the hepatic condition. This review also examines the behavior of the cAMP-dependent pathway in NAFLD, ALD and in other liver diseases and focuses on PDE inhibition as an excellent therapeutic target in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banrida Wahlang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig McClain
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Robley Rex Louisville VAMC, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
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Shen L, Gan M, Zhang S, Ma J, Tang G, Jiang Y, Li M, Wang J, Li X, Che L, Zhu L. Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Adult Metabolic Syndrome With Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Pig Models. Front Genet 2018; 9:291. [PMID: 30158951 PMCID: PMC6103486 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data have indicated that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a risk factor for the adult metabolic syndrome in pigs. However, the causative genetic mechanism leading to the phenotype in adulthood has not been well characterized. In the present study, both normal and IUGR adult pigs were used as models to survey the differences in global gene expression in livers through transcriptome sequencing. The transcriptome libraries generated 104.54 gb of data. In normal and IUGR pigs, 16,948 and 17,078 genes were expressed, respectively. A total of 1,322 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that the top overrepresented gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways were related to oxidoreductase activity, ATPase activity, amino catabolic process, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling pathway. The increased gluconeogenesis (GNG) and decreased glycogen synthesis in the liver contributed to the glucose intolerance observed in IUGR. The reduced expression of insulin signaling genes (such as PI3K and AKT) indicated an elevated risk of diabetes in adulthood. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of adult IUGR pigs and valuable information for future studies of therapeutic intervention in IUGR metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Mailin Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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56
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Kim TH, Lee JH, Chae YN, Jung IH, Kim MK. Additive effects of evogliptin in combination with pioglitazone on fasting glucose control through direct and indirect hepatic effects in diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 830:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wei X, Yin Q, Zhao H, Cao Y, Cai C, Yao J. Metabolomics for the Effect of Biotin and Nicotinamide on Transition Dairy Cows. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5723-5732. [PMID: 29758980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations in serum metabolites of transition dairy cows affected by biotin (BIO) and nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation. A total of 40 multiparous Holsteins were paired and assigned randomly within a block to one of the following four treatments: control (T0), 30 mg/day BIO (TB), 45 g/day NAM (TN), and 30 mg/day BIO + 45 g/day NAM (TB+N). Supplemental BIO and NAM were drenched on cows from 14 days before the expected calving date. Gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry was used to analyze serum samples collected from eight cows in every groups at 14 days after calving. In comparison to T0, TB, TN, and TB+N had higher serum glucose concentrations, while non-esterified fatty acid in TN and TB+N and triglyceride in TB+N were lower. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate was significantly increased in TB+N. Both TN and TB+N had higher glutathione and lower reactive oxygen species. Moreover, TB significantly increased inosine and guanosine concentrations, decreased β-alanine, etc. Certain fatty acid concentrations (including linoleic acid, oleic acid, etc.) were significantly decreased in both TN and TB+N. Some amino acid derivatives (spermidine in TN, putrescine and 4-hydroxyphenylethanol in TB+N, and guanidinosuccinic acid in both TN and TB+N) were affected. Correlation network analysis revealed that the metabolites altered by NAM supplementation were more complicated than those by BIO supplementation. These findings showed that both BIO and NAM supplementation enhanced amino acid metabolism and NAM supplementation altered biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. The improved oxidative status and glutathione metabolism further indicated the effect of NAM on oxidative stress alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjiang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
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58
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Qi X, Guo Y, Song Y, Yu C, Zhao L, Fang L, Kong D, Zhao J, Gao L. Follicle-stimulating hormone enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis by GRK2-mediated AMPK hyperphosphorylation at Ser485 in mice. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1180-1192. [PMID: 29442133 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is correlated with fasting hyperglycaemia. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Because excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis is a major cause of fasting hyperglycaemia the present study investigated whether FSH increases hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. METHODS Ovariectomised mice supplemented with oestradiol (E2) to maintain normal levels of serum E2 (OVX+E2 mice) were injected with low or high doses of FSH. We knocked out Crtc2, a crucial factor in gluconeogenesis, and Fshr to discern their involvement in FSH signalling. To evaluate the role of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2), which could affect glucose metabolism and interact directly with non-GPCR components, a specific GRK2 inhibitor was used. The pyruvate tolerance test (PTT), quantification of PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, GRK2 and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were examined to evaluate the level of gluconeogenesis in the liver. A nonphosphorylatable mutant of AMPK Ser485 (AMPK S485A) was transfected into HepG2 cells to evaluate the role of AMPK Ser485 phosphorylation. RESULTS FSH increased fasting glucose (OVX+E2+high-dose FSH 8.18 ± 0.60 mmol/l vs OVX+E2 6.23 ± 1.33 mmol/l), the PTT results, and the transcription of Pepck (also known as Pck1; 2.0-fold increase) and G6pase (also known as G6pc; 2.5-fold increase) in OVX+E2 mice. FSH also enhanced the promoter luciferase activities of the two enzymes in HepG2 cells. FSH promoted the membrane translocation of GRK2, which is associated with increased AMPK Ser485 and decreased AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, and enhanced the nuclear translocation of cyclic AMP-regulated transcriptional coactivator 2 (CRTC2). GRK2 could bind with AMPK and induce Ser485 hyperphosphorylation. Furthermore, either the GRK2 inhibitor or AMPK S485A blocked FSH-regulated AMPK Thr172 dephosphorylation and gluconeogenesis. Additionally, the deletion of Crtc2 or Fshr abolished the function of FSH in OVX+E2 mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results indicate that FSH enhances CRTC2-mediated gluconeogenesis dependent on AMPK Ser485 phosphorylation via GRK2 in the liver, suggesting an essential role of FSH in the pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehuan Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Centre, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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Discovery and structure-activity relationships study of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine analogues as hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:307-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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60
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Zhang Y, Guan Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Su Z. Regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis by nuclear factor Y transcription factor in mice. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29530977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is essential to maintain blood glucose levels, and its abnormal activation leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis remain to be fully defined. In this study, using murine hepatocytes and a liver-specific knockout mouse model, we explored the physiological role of nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanism. We found that NF-Y targets the gluconeogenesis pathway in the liver. Hepatic NF-Y expression was effectively induced by cAMP, glucagon, and fasting in vivo Lentivirus-mediated NF-Y overexpression in Hepa1-6 hepatocytes markedly raised the gluconeogenic gene expression and cellular glucose production compared with empty vector control cells. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of NF-Y subunit A (NF-YA) attenuated gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production. We also provide evidence indicating that CRE-loxP-mediated, liver-specific NF-YA knockout compromises hepatic glucose production. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter gene assays and ChIP analysis indicated that NF-Y activates transcription of the gluconeogenic genes Pck1 and G6pc, by encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6Pase), respectively, via directly binding to the CCAAT regulatory sequence motif in their promoters. Of note, NF-Y enhanced gluconeogenesis by interacting with cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Overall, our results reveal a previously unrecognized physiological function of NF-Y in controlling glucose metabolism by up-regulating the gluconeogenic genes Pck1 and G6pc Modulation of hepatic NF-Y expression may therefore offer an attractive therapeutic approach to manage type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuyue Guan
- the Department of Geriatrics, People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, and
| | - Yin Liu
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinglu Chen
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- From the Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,
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Liu GM, Zhang YM. Targeting FBPase is an emerging novel approach for cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29556139 PMCID: PMC5845355 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer. Glucose homeostasis is reciprocally controlled by the catabolic glycolysis and anabolic gluconeogenesis pathways. Previous studies have mainly focused on catabolic glycolysis, but recently, FBPase, a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, was found to play critical roles in tumour initiation and progression in several cancer types. Here, we review recent ideas and discoveries that illustrate the clinical significance of FBPase expression in various cancers, the mechanism through which FBPase influences cancer, and the mechanism of FBPase silencing. Furthermore, we summarize some of the drugs targeting FBPase and discuss their potential use in clinical applications and the problems that remain unsolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Min Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, No. 38 Huangtang Road, Meizhou, 514000 China
| | - Yao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, No. 38 Huangtang Road, Meizhou, 514000 China
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62
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Wei XS, Cai CJ, He JJ, Yu C, Mitloehner F, Liu BL, Yao JH, Cao YC. Effects of biotin and nicotinamide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism and milk production of transition dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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63
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Lao-On U, Attwood PV, Jitrapakdee S. Roles of pyruvate carboxylase in human diseases: from diabetes to cancers and infection. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:237-247. [PMID: 29362846 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC), an anaplerotic enzyme, plays an essential role in various cellular metabolic pathways including gluconeogenesis, de novo fatty acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis, and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Deregulation of PC expression or activity has long been known to be associated with metabolic syndrome in several rodent models. Accumulating data in the past decade clearly showed that deregulation of PC expression is associated with type 2 diabetes in humans, while targeted inhibition of PC expression in a mouse model reduced adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity in diet-induced type 2 diabetes. More recent studies also show that PC is strongly involved in tumorigenesis in several cancers, including breast, non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, renal carcinoma, and gall bladder. Systems metabolomics analysis of these cancers identified pyruvate carboxylation as an essential metabolic hub that feeds carbon skeletons of downstream metabolites of oxaloacetate into the biosynthesis of various cellular components including membrane lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and the redox control. Inhibition or down-regulation of PC expression in several cancers markedly impairs their growth ex vivo and in vivo, drawing attention to PC as an anti-cancer target. PC has also exhibited a moonlight function by interacting with immune surveillance that can either promote or block viral infection. In certain pathogenic bacteria, PC is essential for infection, replication, and maintenance of their virulence phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udom Lao-On
- Gene Expression and Metabolic Science Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Paul V Attwood
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Gene Expression and Metabolic Science Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Ren Z, Xie Z, Cao D, Gong M, Yang L, Zhou Z, Ou Y. C-Phycocyanin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glycogen synthesis via activating Akt and AMPK in insulin resistance hepatocytes. Food Funct 2018; 9:2829-2839. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of C-PC in improving glucose homoeostasis is to activate the IRS/PI3 K/Akt and SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway in insulin resistant hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zhifei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Danni Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Mufeng Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of the Pacific
- Stockton 95211CA
- USA
| | - Yu Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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65
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Louzada RA, Carvalho DP. Similarities and Differences in the Peripheral Actions of Thyroid Hormones and Their Metabolites. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:394. [PMID: 30072951 PMCID: PMC6060242 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) are secreted by the thyroid gland, while T3 is also generated from the peripheral metabolism of T4 by iodothyronine deiodinases types I and II. Several conditions like stress, diseases, and physical exercise can promote changes in local TH metabolism, leading to different target tissue effects that depend on the presence of tissue-specific enzymatic activities. The newly discovered physiological and pharmacological actions of T4 and T3 metabolites, such as 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), and 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) are of great interest. A classical thyroid hormone effect is the ability of T3 to increase oxygen consumption in almost all cell types studied. Approximately 30 years ago, a seminal report has shown that 3,5-T2 increased oxygen consumption more rapidly than T3 in hepatocytes. Other studies demonstrated that exogenous 3,5-T2 administration was able to increase whole body energy expenditure in rodents and humans. In fact, 3,5-T2 treatment prevents diabetic nephropathy, hepatic steatosis induced by high fat diet, insulin resistance, and weight gain during aging in Wistar male rats. The regulation of mitochondria is likely one of the most important actions of T3 and its metabolite 3,5-T2, which was able to restore the thermogenic program of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in hypothyroid rats, just as T3 does, while T1AM administration induced rapid hypothermia. T3 increases heart rate and cardiac contractility, which are hallmark effects of hyperthyroidism involved in cardiac arrhythmia. These deleterious cardiac effects were not observed with the use of 3,5-T2 pharmacological doses, and in contrast T1AM was shown to promote a negative inotropic and chronotropic action at micromolar concentrations in isolated hearts. Furthermore, T1AM has a cardioprotective effect in a model of ischemic/reperfusion injury in isolated hearts, such as occurs with T3 administration. Despite the encouraging possible therapeutic use of TH metabolites, further studies are needed to better understand their peripheral effects, when compared to T3 itself, in order to establish their risk and benefit. On this basis, the main peripheral effects of thyroid hormones and their metabolites in tissues, such as heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and BAT are discussed herein.
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66
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Qian HF, Li Y, Wang L. Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. Leaves' polysaccharide alleviates hepatic gluconeogenesis via the downregulation of miR-137. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1397-1403. [PMID: 28946187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.(VBT) is a traditional Chinese herb that recorded has an effect of hypoglycemic. We previous discovered a dose-dependent anti-diabetic function of VBT. leaves' polysaccharide (VBTLP), but little is known about its underlying molecular mechanism. Therefore, we hypothesized that VBTLP would decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis to improve glucose metabolism in mice. To test this hypothesis, glucose tolerance test was performed to evaluate the effect of VBTLP on mice hepatic gluconeogenesis. Western blot and RT-PCR were performed to measure both in vivo and in vitro gene regulation under VBTLP treatment. Online bioinformatic analysis was performed to discover a target candidate, miR-137 of LKB1 and AMPK under VBTLP treatment, and the luciferase assay was conducted to validate it. Here we found that VBT. leaves' polysaccharide (VBTLP) decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis via activation of LKB1/AMPK axis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies reveal that miR-137 regulates hepatic glucose homeostasis by directly targeting AMPK and LKB1. Furthermore, we shown that VBTLP decreased hepatic miR-137 level, which might contribute to activation of LKB1/AMPK and downregulation of gluconeogenesis. Taken together, our study shown that the mechanisms might involve in VBTLP hypoglycemic effect, alleviates hepatic gluconeogenesis via the downregulation of miR-137. Our findings provide guidance in developing novel, safe and effective therapies for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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67
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Goyal N, Sivadas A, Shamsudheen KV, Jayarajan R, Verma A, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V, Datta M. RNA sequencing of db/db mice liver identifies lncRNA H19 as a key regulator of gluconeogenesis and hepatic glucose output. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8312. [PMID: 28814771 PMCID: PMC5559625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver plays a key role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and impaired hepatic glucose metabolism is associated with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we used RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptome of the livers of diabetic db/db mice as compared to the normal db/+ mice and identified 218 differentially expressed genes. Amongst these, there were 3 lncRNAs that were significantly downregulated and H19 was the most altered lncRNA in the livers of db/db mice. H19 expression significantly correlated with the expression of genes of the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways, which suggest that altered hepatic H19 levels can directly or indirectly modulate their expression. Inhibition of H19 using specific siRNA in HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes significantly increased the levels of gluconeogenic genes. This was subsequently accompanied by increased hepatic glucose output. Further,H19 depletion in HepG2 cells impaired insulin signaling and increased nuclear localization of FoxO1, an important transcriptional regulator of gluconeogenic gene expression. Our results reveal a novel link between decreased H19 levels and impaired gluconeogenesis via regulation of FoxO1 nuclear levels. These put forth interesting observations on the regulatory role of H19 in altering hepatic physiology during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goyal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,GN Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - K V Shamsudheen
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Rijith Jayarajan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ankit Verma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.,GN Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Malabika Datta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India.
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68
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Zhou TT, Ma F, Shi XF, Xu X, Du T, Guo XD, Wang GH, Yu L, Rukachaisirikul V, Hu LH, Chen J, Shen X. DMT efficiently inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating the Gαq signaling pathway. J Mol Endocrinol 2017. [PMID: 28637808 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with complicated pathogenesis and targeting gluconeogenesis inhibition is a promising strategy for anti-diabetic drug discovery. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are classified as distinct families by heterotrimeric G proteins, primarily including Gαs, Gαi and Gαq. Gαs-coupled GPCRs function potently in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and Gαi-coupled GPCRs exhibit inhibitory effect on adenylyl cyclase and reduce intracellular cAMP level. However, little is known about the regulation of Gαq-coupled GPCRs in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Here, small-molecule 2-(2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl)-7-(thiophen-2-yl)-9-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydropyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one (DMT) was determined to suppress hepatic glucose production and reduce mRNA levels of gluconeogenic genes. Treatment of DMT in db/db mice decreased fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels, while improved glucose tolerance and pyruvate tolerance. Mechanism study demonstrated that DMT-inhibited gluconeogenesis by regulating the Gαq/phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated calcium (Ca2+)/calmodulin (CaM)/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) signaling pathway. To our knowledge, DMT might be the first reported small molecule able to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating Gαq signaling, and our current work has also highlighted the potential of DMT in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Te Du
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Gai-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | | | - Li-Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative DiseaseSchool of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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69
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da Silva Teixeira S, Filgueira C, Sieglaff DH, Benod C, Villagomez R, Minze LJ, Zhang A, Webb P, Nunes MT. 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) reduces blood glucose independently of insulin sensitization in obese mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:238-250. [PMID: 27770485 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Thyroid hormones regulate metabolic response. While triiodothyronine (T3) is usually considered to be the active form of thyroid hormone, one form of diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) exerts T3-like effects on energy consumption and lipid metabolism. 3,5-T2 also improves glucose tolerance in rats and 3,5-T2 levels correlate with fasting glucose in humans. Presently, however, little is known about mechanisms of 3,5-T2 effects on glucose metabolism. Here, we set out to compare effects of T3, 3,5-T2 and another form of T2 (3,3-T2) in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and determined effects of T3 and 3,5-T2 on markers of classical insulin sensitization to understand how diiodothyronines influence blood glucose. METHODS Cell- and protein-based assays of thyroid hormone action. Assays of metabolic parameters in mice. Analysis of transcript and protein levels in different tissues by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS T3 and 3,5-T2 both reduce body weight, adiposity and body temperature despite increased food intake. 3,3'-T2 lacks these effects. T3 and 3,5-T2 reduce blood glucose levels, whereas 3,3'-T2 worsens glucose tolerance. Neither T3 nor 3,5-T2 affects markers of insulin sensitization in skeletal muscle or white adipose tissue (WAT), but both reduce hepatic GLUT2 glucose transporter levels and glucose output. T3 and 3,5-T2 also induce expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) 3 and 1 in skeletal muscle and WAT respectively. CONCLUSIONS 3,5-T2 influences glucose metabolism in a manner that is distinct from insulin sensitization and involves reductions in hepatic glucose output and changes in energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. da Silva Teixeira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - C. Filgueira
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - D. H. Sieglaff
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - C. Benod
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - R. Villagomez
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - L. J. Minze
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - A. Zhang
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - P. Webb
- Genomic Medicine; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
| | - M. T. Nunes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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70
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Sobel JA, Krier I, Andersin T, Raghav S, Canella D, Gilardi F, Kalantzi AS, Rey G, Weger B, Gachon F, Dal Peraro M, Hernandez N, Schibler U, Deplancke B, Naef F. Transcriptional regulatory logic of the diurnal cycle in the mouse liver. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001069. [PMID: 28414715 PMCID: PMC5393560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms exhibit temporal rhythms in gene expression that propel diurnal cycles in physiology. In the liver of mammals, these rhythms are controlled by transcription-translation feedback loops of the core circadian clock and by feeding-fasting cycles. To better understand the regulatory interplay between the circadian clock and feeding rhythms, we mapped DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in the mouse liver during a diurnal cycle. The intensity of DNase I cleavages cycled at a substantial fraction of all DHSs, suggesting that DHSs harbor regulatory elements that control rhythmic transcription. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), we found that hypersensitivity cycled in phase with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) loading and H3K27ac histone marks. We then combined the DHSs with temporal Pol II profiles in wild-type (WT) and Bmal1-/- livers to computationally identify transcription factors through which the core clock and feeding-fasting cycles control diurnal rhythms in transcription. While a similar number of mRNAs accumulated rhythmically in Bmal1-/- compared to WT livers, the amplitudes in Bmal1-/- were generally lower. The residual rhythms in Bmal1-/- reflected transcriptional regulators mediating feeding-fasting responses as well as responses to rhythmic systemic signals. Finally, the analysis of DNase I cuts at nucleotide resolution showed dynamically changing footprints consistent with dynamic binding of CLOCK:BMAL1 complexes. Structural modeling suggested that these footprints are driven by a transient heterotetramer binding configuration at peak activity. Together, our temporal DNase I mappings allowed us to decipher the global regulation of diurnal transcription rhythms in the mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Aryeh Sobel
- The Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Krier
- The Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Teemu Andersin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sunil Raghav
- The Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Donatella Canella
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Styliani Kalantzi
- The Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Rey
- The Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Weger
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- The Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouria Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Schibler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- The Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- The Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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71
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Taddeo EP, Hargett SR, Lahiri S, Nelson ME, Liao JA, Li C, Slack-Davis JK, Tomsig JL, Lynch KR, Yan Z, Harris TE, Hoehn KL. Lysophosphatidic acid counteracts glucagon-induced hepatocyte glucose production via STAT3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:127. [PMID: 28273928 PMCID: PMC5428006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is required to maintain normoglycemia during fasting. Glucagon is the primary hormone responsible for increasing HGP; however, there are many additional hormone and metabolic factors that influence glucagon sensitivity. In this study we report that the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) regulates hepatocyte glucose production by antagonizing glucagon-induced expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Treatment of primary hepatocytes with exogenous LPA blunted glucagon-induced PEPCK expression and glucose production. Similarly, knockout mice lacking the LPA-degrading enzyme phospholipid phosphate phosphatase type 1 (PLPP1) had a 2-fold increase in endogenous LPA levels, reduced PEPCK levels during fasting, and decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis in response to a pyruvate challenge. Mechanistically, LPA antagonized glucagon-mediated inhibition of STAT3, a transcriptional repressor of PEPCK. Importantly, LPA did not blunt glucagon-stimulated glucose production or PEPCK expression in hepatocytes lacking STAT3. These data identify a novel role for PLPP1 activity and hepatocyte LPA levels in glucagon sensitivity via a mechanism involving STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Taddeo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sujoy Lahiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jason A Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Chien Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jill K Slack-Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jose L Tomsig
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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72
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Liu C, Xu X, Bai Y, Zhong J, Wang A, Sun L, Kong L, Ying Z, Sun Q, Rajagopalan S. Particulate Air pollution mediated effects on insulin resistance in mice are independent of CCR2. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:6. [PMID: 28253935 PMCID: PMC5335830 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic exposure to fine ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) induces insulin resistance. CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) appears to be essential in diet-induced insulin resistance implicating an important role for systemic cellular inflammation in the process. We have previously suggested that CCR2 is important in PM2.5 exposure-mediated inflammation leading to insulin resistance under high fat diet situation. The present study assessed the importance of CCR2 in PM2.5 exposure-induced insulin resistance in the context of normal diet. Methods and Results C57BL/6 and CCR2-/- mice were subjected to exposure to concentrated ambient PM2.5 or filtered air for 6 months. In C57BL/6 mice, concentrated ambient PM2.5 exposure induced whole-body insulin resistance, macrophage infiltration into the adipose tissue, and upregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the liver. While CCR2 deficiency reduced adipose macrophage content in the PM2.5-exposed animals, it did not improve systemic insulin resistance. This lack of improvement in insulin resistance was paralleled by increased hepatic expression of genes in PEPCK and inflammation. Conclusion CCR2 deletion failed to attenuate PM2.5 exposure-induced insulin resistance in mice fed on normal diet. The present study indicates that PM2.5 may dysregulate glucose metabolism directly without exerting proinflammatory effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0187-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqing Liu
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd, Building 15#, Room 303, Hangzhou, 310053, China. .,Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuntao Bai
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aixia Wang
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lixian Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Liya Kong
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd, Building 15#, Room 303, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,College of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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73
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Andrisse S, Childress S, Ma Y, Billings K, Chen Y, Xue P, Stewart A, Sonko ML, Wolfe A, Wu S. Low-Dose Dihydrotestosterone Drives Metabolic Dysfunction via Cytosolic and Nuclear Hepatic Androgen Receptor Mechanisms. Endocrinology 2017; 158:531-544. [PMID: 27967242 PMCID: PMC5460775 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgen excess in women is associated with metabolic dysfunction (e.g., obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes) and reproductive dysfunction (e.g., polycystic ovaries, amenorrhea, dysregulated gonadotropin release, and infertility). We sought to identify the effects of androgen excess on glucose metabolic dysfunction and the specific mechanisms of action by which androgens are inducing pathology. We developed a mouse model that displayed pathophysiological serum androgen levels with normal body mass/composition to ensure that the phenotypes were directly from androgens and not an indirect consequence of obesity. We performed reproductive tests, metabolic tests, and hormonal assays. Livers were isolated and examined via molecular, biochemical, and histological analysis. Additionally, a low-dose dihydrotestosterone (DHT) cell model using H2.35 mouse hepatocytes was developed to study androgen effects on hepatic insulin signaling. DHT mice demonstrated impaired estrous cyclicity; few corpora lutea in the ovaries; glucose, insulin, and pyruvate intolerance; and lowered hepatic insulin action. Mechanistically, DHT increased hepatic androgen-receptor binding to phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-p85, resulting in dissociation of PI3K-p85 from PI3K-p110, leading to reduced PI3K activity and decreased p-AKT and, thus, lowered insulin action. DHT increased gluconeogenesis via direct transcriptional regulation of gluconeogenic enzymes and coactivators. The hepatocyte model recapitulated the in vivo findings. The DHT-induced hepatocyte insulin resistance was reversed by the androgen-receptor antagonist, flutamide. These findings present a phenotype (i.e., impaired glucose tolerance and disrupted glucose metabolism) in a lean hyperandrogenemia model (low-dose DHT) and data to support 2 molecular mechanisms that help drive androgen-induced impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Andrisse
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shameka Childress
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katelyn Billings
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley Stewart
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Momodou L Sonko
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Wolfe
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yoshida M, Lee EY, Kohno T, Tanaka T, Miyazaki M, Miki T. Importance of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α in Glycerol-induced Glucose-6-phosphatase Expression in Liver. Biomed Res 2017; 37:85-93. [PMID: 27108878 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.37.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) is a key regulator of gluconeogenesis. We previously found that administration of glycerol, a substrate for gluconeogenesis, transactivates G6Pase in the mouse liver. To clarify its cell-autonomous transcriptional activation in hepatocytes, we examined the mechanism of expression of the gene G6pc, which encodes G6Pase, in rat hepatoma cell line FAO cells. Endogenous G6pc expression in FAO cells was increased by glycerol administration as well as by the fatty acid oleate. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that the ~2.0 kb mouse G6pc promoter contains the element(s) responsible for glycerol-stimulated G6pc transactivation. Using several deletion- or chimeric-constructs of G6pc promoter, we found that the DNA response element for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) (-77/-65) in the G6pc promoter is essential for transactivation by glycerol. Similarly to glycerol, oleate also increased G6pc expression through its action on the HNF4α element (-77/-65). Furthermore, the reporter activities were higher in the cells co-treated with glycerol plus oleate than in those singly treated with glycerol or oleate. In addition, the temporal profiles of G6pc expression differed between glycerol and oleate administration. Our present results suggest that glycerol and oleate induce G6pc expression both via the HNF4αelement (-77/-65) and also through other regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Medical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
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Zingg JM, Hasan ST, Nakagawa K, Canepa E, Ricciarelli R, Villacorta L, Azzi A, Meydani M. Modulation of cAMP levels by high-fat diet and curcumin and regulatory effects on CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acids transporter gene expression. Biofactors 2017; 43:42-53. [PMID: 27355903 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol from turmeric (Curcuma longa), reduces inflammation, atherosclerosis, and obesity in several animal studies. In Ldlr-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), curcumin reduces plasma lipid levels, therefore contributing to a lower accumulation of lipids and to reduced expression of fatty acid transport proteins (CD36/FAT, FABP4/aP2) in peritoneal macrophages. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which curcumin (500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg diet, for 4 months) may influence plasma and tissue lipid levels in Ldlr-/- mice fed an HFD. In liver, HFD significantly suppressed cAMP levels, and curcumin restored almost normal levels. Similar trends were observed in adipose tissues, but not in brain, skeletal muscle, spleen, and kidney. Treatment with curcumin increased phosphorylation of CREB in liver, what may play a role in regulatory effects of curcumin in lipid homeostasis. In cell lines, curcumin increased the level of cAMP, activated the transcription factor CREB and the human CD36 promoter via a sequence containing a consensus CREB response element. Regulatory effects of HFD and Cur on gene expression were observed in liver, less in skeletal muscle and not in brain. Since the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB pathway plays an important role in lipid homeostasis, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis by increasing lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, an increase in cAMP levels induced by curcumin may contribute to its hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):42-53, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Syeda T Hasan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Elisa Canepa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricciarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Catalogna M, Doenyas-Barak K, Sagi R, Abu-Hamad R, Nevo U, Ben-Jacob E, Efrati S. Effect of Peripheral Electrical Stimulation (PES) on Nocturnal Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168805. [PMID: 27997608 PMCID: PMC5173375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of hepatic glucose production has been a target for antidiabetic drug development, due to its major contribution to glucose homeostasis. Previous pre-clinical study demonstrated that peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) may stimulate glucose utilization and improve hepatic insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate safety, tolerability, and the glucose-lowering effect of this approach in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS Twelve patients with T2DM were recruited for an open label, interventional, randomized trial. Eleven patients underwent, in a crossover design, an active, and a no-intervention control periods, separated with a two-week washout phase. During the active period, the patients received a daily lower extremity PES treatment (1.33Hz/16Hz burst mode), for 14 days. Study endpoints included changes in glucose levels, number of hypoglycemic episodes, and other potential side effects. Endpoints were analyzed based on continuous glucose meter readings, and laboratory evaluation. RESULTS We found that during the active period, the most significant effect was on nocturnal glucose control (P < 0.0004), as well as on pre-meal mean glucose levels (P < 0.02). The mean daily glucose levels were also decreased although it did not reach clinical significance (P = 0.07). A reduction in serum cortisol (P < 0.01) but not in insulin was also detected after 2 weeks of treatment. No adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that repeated PES treatment, even for a very short duration, can improve blood glucose control, possibly by suppressing hepatic glucose production. This effect may be mediated via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis modulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02727790.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Catalogna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Doenyas-Barak
- Research and Development Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roi Sagi
- Research and Development Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ramzia Abu-Hamad
- Research and Development Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Nevo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eshel Ben-Jacob
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- Research and Development Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones (GC) regulate essential physiological functions including energy homeostasis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and the stress response. From the biomedical perspective, GC have garnered a tremendous amount of attention as highly potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications indispensable in the clinic. GC signal through the GC receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor whose structure, DNA binding, and the molecular partners that it employs to regulate transcription have been under intense investigation for decades. In particular, next-generation sequencing-based approaches have revolutionized the field by introducing a unified platform for a simultaneous genome-wide analysis of cellular activities at the level of RNA production, binding of transcription factors to DNA and RNA, and chromatin landscape and topology. Here we describe fundamental concepts of GC/GR function as established through traditional molecular and in vivo approaches and focus on the novel insights of GC biology that have emerged over the last 10 years from the rapidly expanding arsenal of system-wide genomic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Sacta
- Hospital for Special Surgery, The David Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021; .,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering MD/PhD program, New York, NY 10021
| | - Yurii Chinenov
- Hospital for Special Surgery, The David Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021;
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery, The David Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021; .,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering MD/PhD program, New York, NY 10021
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78
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Bose SK, Hutson I, Harris CA. Hepatic Glucocorticoid Receptor Plays a Greater Role Than Adipose GR in Metabolic Syndrome Despite Renal Compensation. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4943-4960. [PMID: 27754788 PMCID: PMC5133352 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous glucocorticoid administration results in hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hepatic dyslipidemia, and hypertension, a constellation of findings known as Cushing's syndrome. These effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Because GR activation in liver and adipose has been implicated in metabolic syndrome (MS), we wanted to determine the role of GR in these tissues in the development of MS. Because GR knockout (KO) mice (whole-body KO) exhibit perinatal lethality due to respiratory failure, we generated tissue-specific (liver or adipose) GRKO mice using cre-lox technology. Real-time PCR analysis of liver mRNA from dexamethasone-treated wildtype (WT) and liver GRKO mice indicated that hepatic GR regulates the expression of key genes involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism. Interestingly, we have observed that liver-specific deletion of GR resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression of key genes involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism in kidney tissue, indicating a compensatory mechanism to maintain glucose homeostasis. We have also observed that GR plays an important role in regulating the mRNA expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism. Liver GRKO mice demonstrated decreased fat mass and liver glycogen content compared with WT mice administered dexamethasone for 2 weeks. Adipose-specific deletion of GR did not alter glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity of adipose GRKO mice compared with WT mice administrated dexamethasone. This indicates that liver GR might be more important in development of MS in dexamethasone-treated mice, whereas adipose GR plays a little role in these paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Bose
- Department of Internal Medicine (S.K.B., I.H., C.A.H.), Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; and John Cochran Division (C.A.H.), Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri 63106
| | - Irina Hutson
- Department of Internal Medicine (S.K.B., I.H., C.A.H.), Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; and John Cochran Division (C.A.H.), Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri 63106
| | - Charles A Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine (S.K.B., I.H., C.A.H.), Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; and John Cochran Division (C.A.H.), Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri 63106
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79
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Newton R, Giembycz MA. Understanding how long-acting β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists enhance the clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma - an update. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3405-3430. [PMID: 27646470 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In moderate-to-severe asthma, adding an inhaled long-acting β2 -adenoceptor agonist (LABA) to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) provides better disease control than simply increasing the dose of ICS. Acting on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, gene NR3C1), ICSs promote anti-inflammatory/anti-asthma gene expression. In vitro, LABAs synergistically enhance the maximal expression of many glucocorticoid-induced genes. Other genes, including dual-specificity phosphatase 1(DUSP1) in human airways smooth muscle (ASM) and epithelial cells, are up-regulated additively by both drug classes. Synergy may also occur for LABA-induced genes, as illustrated by the bronchoprotective gene, regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2) in ASM. Such effects cannot be produced by either drug alone and may explain the therapeutic efficacy of ICS/LABA combination therapies. While the molecular basis of synergy remains unclear, mechanistic interpretations must accommodate gene-specific regulation. We explore the concept that each glucocorticoid-induced gene is an independent signal transducer optimally activated by a specific, ligand-directed, GR conformation. In addition to explaining partial agonism, this realization provides opportunities to identify novel GR ligands that exhibit gene expression bias. Translating this into improved therapeutic ratios requires consideration of GR density in target tissues and further understanding of gene function. Similarly, the ability of a LABA to interact with a glucocorticoid may be suboptimal due to low β2 -adrenoceptor density or biased β2 -adrenoceptor signalling. Strategies to overcome these limitations include adding-on a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and using agonists of other Gs-coupled receptors. In all cases, the rational design of ICS/LABA, and derivative, combination therapies requires functional knowledge of induced (and repressed) genes for therapeutic benefit to be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Newton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark A Giembycz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zhuo S, Yang M, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang F, Li N, Yao P, Zhu T, Mei H, Wang S, Li Y, Chen S, Le Y. MicroRNA-451 Negatively Regulates Hepatic Glucose Production and Glucose Homeostasis by Targeting Glycerol Kinase-Mediated Gluconeogenesis. Diabetes 2016; 65:3276-3288. [PMID: 27495223 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of regulatory molecules implicated in type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance and hepatic glucose overproduction. We show that miRNA-451 (miR-451) is elevated in the liver tissues of dietary and genetic mouse models of diabetes. Through an adenovirus-mediated gain- and loss-of-function study, we found that miR-451 negatively regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and blood glucose levels in normal mice and identified glycerol kinase (Gyk) as a direct target of miR-451. We demonstrate that miR-451 and Gyk regulate hepatic glucose production, the glycerol gluconeogenesis axis, and the AKT-FOXO1-PEPCK/G6Pase pathway in an opposite manner; Gyk could reverse the effect of miR-451 on hepatic gluconeogenesis and AKT-FOXO1-PEPCK/G6Pase pathway. Moreover, overexpression of miR-451 or knockdown of Gyk in diabetic mice significantly inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis, alleviated hyperglycemia, and improved glucose tolerance. Further studies showed that miR-451 is upregulated by glucose and insulin in hepatocytes; the elevation of hepatic miR-451 in diabetic mice may contribute to inhibiting Gyk expression. This study provides the first evidence that miR-451 and Gyk regulate the AKT-FOXO1-PEPCK/G6Pase pathway and play critical roles in hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose homeostasis and identifies miR-451 and Gyk as potential therapeutic targets against hyperglycemia in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengle Yao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Le
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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81
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Aydemir TB, Troche C, Kim MH, Cousins RJ. Hepatic ZIP14-mediated Zinc Transport Contributes to Endosomal Insulin Receptor Trafficking and Glucose Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23939-23951. [PMID: 27703010 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc influences signaling pathways through controlled targeted zinc transport. Zinc transporter Zip14 KO mice display a phenotype that includes impaired intestinal barrier function with low grade chronic inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, and increased body fat, which are signatures of diet-induced diabetes (type 2 diabetes) and obesity in humans. Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes and obesity is caused by insulin resistance. Insulin resistance results in inhibition of glucose uptake by liver and other peripheral tissues, principally adipose and muscle and with concurrently higher hepatic glucose production. Therefore, modulation of hepatic glucose metabolism is an important target for antidiabetic treatment approaches. We demonstrate that during glucose uptake, cell surface abundance of zinc transporter ZIP14 and mediated zinc transport increases. Zinc is distributed to multiple sites in hepatocytes through sequential translocation of ZIP14 from plasma membrane to early and late endosomes. Endosomes from Zip14 KO mice were zinc-deficient because activities of the zinc-dependent insulin-degrading proteases insulin-degrading enzyme and cathepsin D were impaired; hence insulin receptor activity increased. Transient increases in cytosolic zinc levels are concurrent with glucose uptake and suppression of glycogen synthesis. In contrast, Zip14 KO mice exhibited greater hepatic glycogen synthesis and impaired gluconeogenesis and glycolysis related to low cytosolic zinc levels. We can conclude that ZIP14-mediated zinc transport contributes to regulation of endosomal insulin receptor activity and glucose homeostasis in hepatocytes. Therefore, modulation of ZIP14 transport activity presents a new target for management of diabetes and other glucose-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolunay Beker Aydemir
- From the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and
| | - Catalina Troche
- From the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and
| | - Min-Hyun Kim
- From the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and
| | - Robert J Cousins
- From the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and .,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Wharfe MD, Wyrwoll CS, Waddell BJ, Mark PJ. Pregnancy-induced changes in the circadian expression of hepatic clock genes: implications for maternal glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E575-86. [PMID: 27406739 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00060.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Adaptations in maternal carbohydrate metabolism are particularly important in pregnancy because glucose is the principal energy substrate used by the fetus. As metabolic homeostasis is intricately linked to the circadian system via the rhythmic expression of clock genes, it is likely that metabolic adaptations during pregnancy also involve shifts in maternal circadian function. We hypothesized that maternal adaptation in pregnancy involves changes in the hepatic expression of clock genes, which drive downstream shifts in circadian expression of glucoregulatory genes. Maternal liver and plasma (n = 6-8/group) were collected across 24-h periods (0800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 0000, 0400) from C57Bl/6J mice under isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia prior to and on days 6, 10, 14 and 18 of pregnancy (term = day 19). Hepatic expression of clock genes and glucoregulatory genes was determined by RT-qPCR. Hepatic clock gene expression was substantially altered across pregnancy, most notably in late gestation when the circadian rhythmicity of several clock genes was attenuated (≤64% reduced amplitude on day 18). These changes were associated with a similar decline in rhythmicity of the key glucoregulatory genes Pck1, G6Pase, and Gk, and by day 18, Pck1 was no longer rhythmic. Overall, our data show marked adaptations in the liver clock during mouse pregnancy, changes that may contribute to the altered circadian variation in glucoregulatory genes near term. We propose that the observed reduction of daily oscillations in glucose metabolism ensure a sustained supply of glucose to meet the high demands of fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela D Wharfe
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Wyrwoll
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Brendan J Waddell
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter J Mark
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Siqueira JT, Batistela E, Pereira MP, da Silva VC, de Sousa Junior PT, Andrade CMB, Kawashita NH, Bertolini GL, Baviera AM. Combretum lanceolatum flowers ethanol extract inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis: an in vivo mechanism study. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1671-1679. [PMID: 26864726 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Ethnopharmacological studies have demonstrated that plants of the Combretum genus presented antidiabetic activity, including Combretum lanceolatum Pohl ex Eichler (Combretaceae). Objective This study investigated the hepatic mechanisms of action of C. lanceolatum flowers ethanol extract (ClEtOH) related to its antihyperglycaemic effect in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats were divided into normal (N) and diabetic control (DC) rats treated with vehicle (water); diabetic rats treated with 500 mg/kg metformin (DMet) or 500 mg/kg ClEtOH (DT500). After 21 d of treatment, hepatic glucose and urea production were investigated through in situ perfused liver with l-glutamine. Changes in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) levels and in the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin-signalling intermediates were also investigated. Results Similar to DMet, DT500 rats showed a reduction in the rates of hepatic production of glucose (46%) and urea (22%) in comparison with DC. This reduction was accompanied by a reduction in the PEPCK levels in liver of DT500 (28%) and DMet (43%) when compared with DC. AMPK phosphorylation levels were higher in the liver of DT500 (17%) and DMet (16%) rats. The basal AKT phosphorylation levels were increased in liver of DT500 rats, without differences in the insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation and in the insulin receptor levels between DC and DT500 rats. Discussion and conclusion The antidiabetic activity of ClEtOH can be attributed, at least in part, to inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, probably due to the activation of both AMPK and AKT effectors and reduction in the PEPCK levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliany Torres Siqueira
- a Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Mato Grosso , Cuiabá , Mato Grosso , Brazil
| | - Emanuele Batistela
- a Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Mato Grosso , Cuiabá , Mato Grosso , Brazil
| | - Mayara Peron Pereira
- a Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Mato Grosso , Cuiabá , Mato Grosso , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nair Honda Kawashita
- a Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Mato Grosso , Cuiabá , Mato Grosso , Brazil
| | - Gisele Lopes Bertolini
- b Department of Physiological Sciences , State University of Londrina , Londrina , Parana , Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- c Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University, UNESP , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
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84
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Impact of Glucocorticoid Excess on Glucose Tolerance: Clinical and Preclinical Evidence. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6030024. [PMID: 27527232 PMCID: PMC5041123 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that exert important physiological actions on metabolism. Given that GCs also exert potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, synthetic GCs such as prednisolone and dexamethasone were developed for the treatment of autoimmune- and inflammatory-related diseases. The synthetic GCs are undoubtedly efficient in terms of their therapeutic effects, but are accompanied by significant adverse effects on metabolism, specifically glucose metabolism. Glucose intolerance and reductions in insulin sensitivity are among the major concerns related to GC metabolic side effects, which may ultimately progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus. A number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have aimed to understand the repercussions of GCs on glucose metabolism and the possible mechanisms of GC action. This review intends to summarize the main alterations that occur in liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreatic islets in the context of GC-induced glucose intolerance. For this, both experimental (animals) and clinical studies were selected and, whenever possible, the main cellular mechanisms involved in such GC-side effects were discussed.
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85
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Wang J, Cao M, Zhuo Y, Che L, Fang Z, Xu S, Lin Y, Feng B, Wu D. Catch-up growth following food restriction exacerbates adulthood glucose intolerance in pigs exposed to intrauterine undernutrition. Nutrition 2016; 32:1275-84. [PMID: 27210508 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of food restriction followed by controlled refeeding on glucose tolerance in pigs exposed to intrauterine malnutrition. METHODS Pregnant sows (n = 11) were assigned to either a control (C) group or an undernutrition (U) group (75% of C) during gestation. At postnatal 68 d, the offspring (n = 16) were placed on either a cafeteria feeding (CF) group or a food-restricted (FR) group (75% of CF) for 6 wk. After that, all offspring were fed ad libitum until 189 d (dpn189). RESULTS The results showed that maternal malnutrition induced offspring glucose intolerance, which was demonstrated by increased serum glucose and triacylglycerol content at dpn189, as well as increased area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) during the intravenous glucose tolerance test (i.v.GTT) (P < 0.05). Interestingly, food restriction followed by controlled refeeding further increased serum glucose content at dpn189 and AUC during i.v.GTT in pigs born from U sows (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by catch-up growth during the refeeding period. These changes were associated with increased mRNA levels of hepatic gluconeogenesis (PC, PEPCK) enzymes (P < 0.05), decreased mRNA level of muscle glucose transporter (GLUT4; P = 0.07), and reduced mRNA level of insulin signaling protein (IRS1, P < 0.05) in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that catch-up growth following food restriction can exacerbate glucose intolerance in offspring exposed to intrauterine malnutrition. This may be caused by increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreased muscle glucose transport, and impaired hepatic insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
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86
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Liver Transcriptome Analysis of the Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) during Fasting by Using RNA-Seq. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150240. [PMID: 26967898 PMCID: PMC4788198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an economically important fish species in Chinese mariculture industry. To understand the molecular basis underlying the response to fasting, Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 was used to analyze the liver transcriptome of fasting large yellow croakers. A total of 54,933,550 clean reads were obtained and assembled into 110,364 contigs. Annotation to the NCBI database identified a total of 38,728 unigenes, of which 19,654 were classified into Gene Ontology and 22,683 were found in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Comparative analysis of the expression profiles between fasting fish and normal-feeding fish identified a total of 7,623 differentially expressed genes (P < 0.05), including 2,500 upregulated genes and 5,123 downregulated genes. Dramatic differences were observed in the genes involved in metabolic pathways such as fat digestion and absorption, citrate cycle, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the similar results were also found in the transcriptome of skeletal muscle. Further qPCR analysis confirmed that the genes encoding the factors involved in those pathways significantly changed in terms of expression levels. The results of the present study provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic response of the large yellow croaker to fasting as well as identified areas that require further investigation.
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87
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Park SS, Choi H, Kim SJ, Chang C, Kim E. CREB/GSK-3β signaling pathway regulates the expression of TR4 orphan nuclear receptor gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 423:22-9. [PMID: 26762765 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we show that reduction of glucose concentration increases TR4 expression in 3T3-L1 cells via stimulation of the GSK-3β-CREB pathway. While GSK-3β and CREB increased TR4 expression in 3T3-L1 cells, inhibition of CREB expression or activity resulted in loss of GSK-3β-mediated enhancement of TR4 expression. In addition, CREB enhanced murine TR4 promoter activity via direct binding to a cAMP response element located in the promoter, and this CREB effect was further strengthened by GSK-3β. Moreover, silencing of TR4 expression by a gene-specific microRNA inhibited CREB-induced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting that TR4 could be a key mediator of CREB-induced lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, and Caner Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eungseok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, South Korea.
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88
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García-Marqués F, Trevisan-Herraz M, Martínez-Martínez S, Camafeita E, Jorge I, Lopez JA, Méndez-Barbero N, Méndez-Ferrer S, Del Pozo MA, Ibáñez B, Andrés V, Sánchez-Madrid F, Redondo JM, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Vázquez J. A Novel Systems-Biology Algorithm for the Analysis of Coordinated Protein Responses Using Quantitative Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1740-60. [PMID: 26893027 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.055905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated behavior of proteins is central to systems biology. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly known and methods to analyze coordination by conventional quantitative proteomics are still lacking. We present the Systems Biology Triangle (SBT), a new algorithm that allows the study of protein coordination by pairwise quantitative proteomics. The Systems Biology Triangle detected statistically significant coordination in diverse biological models of very different nature and subjected to different kinds of perturbations. The Systems Biology Triangle also revealed with unprecedented molecular detail an array of coordinated, early protein responses in vascular smooth muscle cells treated at different times with angiotensin-II. These responses included activation of protein synthesis, folding, turnover, and muscle contraction - consistent with a differentiated phenotype-as well as the induction of migration and the repression of cell proliferation and secretion. Remarkably, the majority of the altered functional categories were protein complexes, interaction networks, or metabolic pathways. These changes could not be detected by other algorithms widely used by the proteomics community, and the vast majority of proteins involved have not been described before to be regulated by AngII. The unique capabilities of The Systems Biology Triangle to detect functional protein alterations produced by the coordinated action of proteins in pairwise quantitative proteomics experiments make this algorithm an attractive choice for the biological interpretation of results on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Marqués
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Trevisan-Herraz
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Del Pozo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Imbalanced insulin action in chronic over nutrition: Clinical harm, molecular mechanisms, and a way forward. Atherosclerosis 2016; 247:225-82. [PMID: 26967715 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing worldwide prevalence of overnutrition and underexertion threatens the gains that we have made against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other maladies. Chronic overnutrition causes the atherometabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of seemingly unrelated health problems characterized by increased abdominal girth and body-mass index, high fasting and postprandial concentrations of cholesterol- and triglyceride-rich apoB-lipoproteins (C-TRLs), low plasma HDL levels, impaired regulation of plasma glucose concentrations, hypertension, and a significant risk of developing overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, individuals with this syndrome exhibit fatty liver, hypercoagulability, sympathetic overactivity, a gradually rising set-point for body adiposity, a substantially increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and--crucially--hyperinsulinemia. Many lines of evidence indicate that each component of the atherometabolic syndrome arises, or is worsened by, pathway-selective insulin resistance and responsiveness (SEIRR). Individuals with SEIRR require compensatory hyperinsulinemia to control plasma glucose levels. The result is overdrive of those pathways that remain insulin-responsive, particularly ERK activation and hepatic de-novo lipogenesis (DNL), while carbohydrate regulation deteriorates. The effects are easily summarized: if hyperinsulinemia does something bad in a tissue or organ, that effect remains responsive in the atherometabolic syndrome and T2DM; and if hyperinsulinemia might do something good, that effect becomes resistant. It is a deadly imbalance in insulin action. From the standpoint of human health, it is the worst possible combination of effects. In this review, we discuss the origins of the atherometabolic syndrome in our historically unprecedented environment that only recently has become full of poorly satiating calories and incessant enticements to sit. Data are examined that indicate the magnitude of daily caloric imbalance that causes obesity. We also cover key aspects of healthy, balanced insulin action in liver, endothelium, brain, and elsewhere. Recent insights into the molecular basis and pathophysiologic harm from SEIRR in these organs are discussed. Importantly, a newly discovered oxide transport chain functions as the master regulator of the balance amongst different limbs of the insulin signaling cascade. This oxide transport chain--abbreviated 'NSAPP' after its five major proteins--fails to function properly during chronic overnutrition, resulting in this harmful pattern of SEIRR. We also review the origins of widespread, chronic overnutrition. Despite its apparent complexity, one factor stands out. A sophisticated junk food industry, aided by subsidies from willing governments, has devoted years of careful effort to promote overeating through the creation of a new class of food and drink that is low- or no-cost to the consumer, convenient, savory, calorically dense, yet weakly satiating. It is past time for the rest of us to overcome these foes of good health and solve this man-made epidemic.
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90
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Kinoshita A, Locher L, Tienken R, Meyer U, Dänicke S, Rehage J, Huber K. Associations between Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) Expression and Indicators of Hepatic Glucose Production in Transition Dairy Cows Supplemented with Dietary Nicotinic Acid. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146670. [PMID: 26800252 PMCID: PMC4723333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor which promotes hepatic glucose production (HGP) by up-regulating the transcription of gluconeogenic enzymes in monogastric species. The activity of FoxO1 is inhibited by insulin-induced phosphorylation. The aims of the present study were to find associations between FoxO1 expression and variables associated with HGP as affected by feeding regimen in dairy cows during the transition period. Twenty one healthy German Holstein cows were allocated to four groups (LC-CON, HC-CON, LC-NA with 5 cows/group and HC-NA with 6 cows/group, respectively). Cows received 0 (LC-CON and HC-CON) or 24 (LC-NA and HC-NA) g/d nicotinic acid with high (HC) or low (LC) concentrate proportion from -42 days (-41.8 + 4.8; mean + standard deviation) relative to expected calving date (d-42) to d24. Liver biopsy was taken at d-42, 1, 21, and 100. The total protein expression of FoxO1 (tFoxO1) and the extent of phosphorylation of FoxO1 at serine 256 (pFoxO1) were analysed semiquantitatively by Western Blotting. The expression of hepatic mRNA of FoxO1 and seven genes associated with HGP was measured by real-time RT-PCR. Mixed model and Pearson’s correlation were used for statistical evaluation with the level of significance at P<0.05. No dietary effect was observed either on feed intake, energy balance, or on the concentration of blood metabolites. Neither time nor diet affected the expression of FoxO1 total protein and mRNA. A NA × concentrate interaction was found in pFoxO1. However, no corresponding dietary effect was found in the mRNA expression of investigated genes. Different patterns of correlations between FoxO1-related variables and investigated indicators for HGP were found at d21 and 100. The results indicated that the regulation of HGP did not take place on the levels of mRNA and protein expression and the phosphorylation of FoxO1 in dairy cows in early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Kinoshita
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Lena Locher
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Center of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Reka Tienken
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Korinna Huber
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
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91
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Park BK, Lee EA, Kim HY, Lee JC, Kim KS, Jeong WH, Kim KY, Ku BJ, Rhee SD. Fatty Liver and Insulin Resistance in the Liver-Specific Knockout Mice of Mitogen Inducible Gene-6. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1632061. [PMID: 28053990 PMCID: PMC5174183 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1632061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen inducible gene-6 (Mig-6) is a feedback inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. The liver-specific knockout mice of the Mig-6 gene (Mig-6 d/d ) showed hepatomegaly and increased hypercholesterolemia. In this study, the biomarkers of insulin resistance and the effects of high-fat diets in the wild (Mig-6 f/f ) and Mig-6 d/d mice were analyzed. The fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterols, free fatty acids, and HOMA-IR were measured and the glucose tolerance and insulin resistance tests were performed in the 25-week-old Mig-6 f/f and the Mig-6 d/d mice. The protein levels of active insulin receptor, glucose 6-phosphatase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were analyzed in the liver and fat. The fasting plasma cholesterol and glucose concentration were higher in the Mig-6 d/d mice than the Mig-6 f/f mice with increased fat deposition in the liver. But the Mig-6 d/d mice had the improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance without increased amount of phosphoinsulin receptor after insulin infusion in the liver. The hepatic concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was increased in fasting Mig-6 d/d mice. The feeding of high-fat diet accelerated the plasma lipids profiles and HOMA-IR in the Mig-6 d/d mice but had no differential effects in oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test in both genotypes. These results suggest that the activated EGFR signaling might increase the fasting plasma glucose concentration through inducing the hepatic steatosis and the improved whole-body insulin resistance in the KO mice be caused by decreased adipogenesis in fat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Kil Park
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Drug Development and Discovery, Graduate School of New Drug Development and Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Lee
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Drug Development and Discovery, Graduate School of New Drug Development and Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Youn Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Choul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hoon Jeong
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- *Bon Jeong Ku: and
| | - Sang Dal Rhee
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Drug Development and Discovery, Graduate School of New Drug Development and Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- *Sang Dal Rhee:
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92
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Hill MJ, Suzuki S, Segars JH, Kino T. CRTC2 Is a Coactivator of GR and Couples GR and CREB in the Regulation of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:104-17. [PMID: 26652733 PMCID: PMC4695631 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones play essential roles in the regulation of gluconeogenesis in the liver, an adaptive response that is required for the maintenance of circulating glucose levels during fasting. Glucocorticoids do this by cooperating with glucagon, which is secreted from pancreatic islets to activate the cAMP-signaling pathway in hepatocytes. The cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) is a coactivator known to be specific to CREB and plays a central role in the glucagon-mediated activation of gluconeogenesis in the early phase of fasting. We show here that CRTC2 also functions as a coactivator for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). CRTC2 strongly enhances GR-induced transcriptional activity of glucocorticoid-responsive genes. CRTC2 physically interacts with the ligand-binding domain of the GR through a region spanning amino acids 561-693. Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB. CRTC2 is required for the maintenance of blood glucose levels during fasting in mice by enhancing the GR transcriptional activity on both the G6p and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) genes. Finally, CRTC2 modulates the transcriptional activity of the progesterone receptor, indicating that it may influence the transcriptional activity of other steroid/nuclear receptors. Taken together, these results reveal that CRTC2 plays an essential role in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis through coordinated regulation of the glucocorticoid/GR- and glucagon/CREB-signaling pathways on the key genes G6P and PEPCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah J Hill
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology (M.J.H., S.S., J.H.S., T.K.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (M.J.H.), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research (J.H.S.), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and Department of Experimental Therapeutics (T.K.), Division of Experimental Biology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Shigeru Suzuki
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology (M.J.H., S.S., J.H.S., T.K.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (M.J.H.), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research (J.H.S.), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and Department of Experimental Therapeutics (T.K.), Division of Experimental Biology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - James H Segars
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology (M.J.H., S.S., J.H.S., T.K.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (M.J.H.), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research (J.H.S.), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and Department of Experimental Therapeutics (T.K.), Division of Experimental Biology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Tomoshige Kino
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology (M.J.H., S.S., J.H.S., T.K.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (M.J.H.), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889; Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research (J.H.S.), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; and Department of Experimental Therapeutics (T.K.), Division of Experimental Biology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha 26999, Qatar
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93
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Goldstein I, Hager GL. Transcriptional and Chromatin Regulation during Fasting - The Genomic Era. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:699-710. [PMID: 26520657 PMCID: PMC4673016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An elaborate metabolic response to fasting is orchestrated by the liver and is heavily reliant on transcriptional regulation. In response to hormones (glucagon, glucocorticoids) many transcription factors (TFs) are activated and regulate various genes involved in metabolic pathways aimed at restoring homeostasis: gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and amino acid shuttling. We summarize recent discoveries regarding fasting-related TFs with an emphasis on genome-wide binding patterns. Collectively, the findings we discuss reveal a large degree of cooperation between TFs during fasting that occurs at motif-rich DNA sites bound by a combination of TFs. These new findings implicate transcriptional and chromatin regulation as major determinants of the response to fasting and unravels the complex, multi-TF nature of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Goldstein
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, The National Cancer Institute, The National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, The National Cancer Institute, The National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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94
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Saponarin activates AMPK in a calcium-dependent manner and suppresses gluconeogenesis and increases glucose uptake via phosphorylation of CRTC2 and HDAC5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5237-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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95
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Kaur K, Vig S, Srivastava R, Mishra A, Singh VP, Srivastava AK, Datta M. Elevated Hepatic miR-22-3p Expression Impairs Gluconeogenesis by Silencing the Wnt-Responsive Transcription Factor Tcf7. Diabetes 2015; 64:3659-69. [PMID: 26193896 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Levels of miR-22-3p, a highly abundant hepatic microRNA, are abnormally increased in mouse models of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, yet its contribution to deregulated hepatic metabolism under diseased states is not well understood. Here, we unravel a novel link between elevated hepatic miR-22-3p expression and impaired gluconeogenesis in diabetic db/db mice via the regulation of Tcf7 (transcription factor 7). Our data demonstrate that miR-22-3p binds to the 3' untranslated region of TCF7 and downregulates it, and this microRNA-mediated regulation of TCF7 increases the expression of enzymes of the gluconeogenic pathway in HepG2 cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TCF7 in HepG2 cells also causes similar upregulation of gluconeogenic genes. Furthermore, in vivo silencing of miR-22-3p by antagomiR administration lowered random as well as fasting glucose levels in diabetic mice. miR-22-3p antagonism improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Importantly, the hepatic Tcf7 levels were restored along with reduced hepatic glucose output, which was also reflected by the decreased expression of gluconeogenic genes. Our results support a critical role for miR-22-3p and its target, Tcf7, in the pathogenesis of diabetes by upregulating gluconeogenesis. Moreover, targeting the miR-22/Tcf7/Wnt axis might hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of altered hepatic physiology during insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirandeep Kaur
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Vig
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Malabika Datta
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
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96
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Kobayashi K, Hashimoto M, Honkakoski P, Negishi M. Regulation of gene expression by CAR: an update. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1045-55. [PMID: 25975989 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a well-known xenosensor that regulates hepatic drug metabolism and detoxification. CAR activation can be elicited by a large variety of xenobiotics, including phenobarbital (PB) which is not a directly binding CAR ligand. The mechanism of CAR activation is complex and involves translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, followed by further activation steps in the nucleus. Recently, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified as a PB-responsive receptor, and PB activates CAR by inhibiting the EGFR signaling. In addition to regulation of drug metabolism, activation of CAR has multiple biological end points such as modulation of xenobiotic-elicited liver injury, and the role of CAR in endobiotic functions such as glucose metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis is increasingly recognized. Thus, investigations on the molecular mechanism of CAR activation are critical for the real understanding of CAR-mediated processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of mechanisms by which CAR activators regulate gene expression through cellular signaling pathways and the roles of CAR on xenobiotic-elicited hepatocellular carcinoma, liver injury, glucose metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
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97
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Rybakova KN, Bruggeman FJ, Tomaszewska A, Moné MJ, Carlberg C, Westerhoff HV. Multiplex Eukaryotic Transcription (In)activation: Timing, Bursting and Cycling of a Ratchet Clock Mechanism. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004236. [PMID: 25909187 PMCID: PMC4409292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of eukaryotic transcription is an intricate process that relies on a multitude of regulatory proteins forming complexes on chromatin. Chromatin modifications appear to play a guiding role in protein-complex assembly on chromatin. Together, these processes give rise to stochastic, often bursting, transcriptional activity. Here we present a model of eukaryotic transcription that aims to integrate those mechanisms. We use stochastic and ordinary-differential-equation modeling frameworks to examine various possible mechanisms of gene regulation by multiple transcription factors. We find that the assembly of large transcription factor complexes on chromatin via equilibrium-binding mechanisms is highly inefficient and insensitive to concentration changes of single regulatory proteins. An alternative model that lacks these limitations is a cyclic ratchet mechanism. In this mechanism, small protein complexes assemble sequentially on the promoter. Chromatin modifications mark the completion of a protein complex assembly, and sensitize the local chromatin for the assembly of the next protein complex. In this manner, a strict order of protein complex assemblies is attained. Even though the individual assembly steps are highly stochastic in duration, a sequence of them gives rise to a remarkable precision of the transcription cycle duration. This mechanism explains how transcription activation cycles, lasting for tens of minutes, derive from regulatory proteins residing on chromatin for only tens of seconds. Transcriptional bursts are an inherent feature of such transcription activation cycles. Bursting transcription can cause individual cells to remain in synchrony transiently, offering an explanation of transcriptional cycling as observed in cell populations, both on promoter chromatin status and mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja N. Rybakova
- Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Bruggeman
- Systems Bioinformatics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Tomaszewska
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martijn J. Moné
- Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hans V. Westerhoff
- Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Synthetic Systems Biology, Netherlands Institute for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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98
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Winiarska K, Jarzyna R, Dzik JM, Jagielski AK, Grabowski M, Nowosielska A, Focht D, Sierakowski B. ERK1/2 pathway is involved in renal gluconeogenesis inhibition under conditions of lowered NADPH oxidase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:13-21. [PMID: 25601753 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis occurring under conditions of lowered activity of NADPH oxidase (Nox), the enzyme considered to be one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species in kidneys. The in vitro experiments were performed on primary cultures of rat renal proximal tubules, with the use of apocynin, a selective Nox inhibitor, and TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), a potent superoxide radical scavenger. In the in vivo experiments, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a well established model of diabetes type 2, were treated with apocynin solution in drinking water. The main in vitro findings are the following: (1) both apocynin and TEMPOL attenuate the rate of gluconeogenesis, inhibiting the step catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme of the process; (2) in the presence of the above-noted compounds the expression of PEPCK and the phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB and ERK1/2 kinases are lowered; (3) both U0126 (MEK inhibitor) and 3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-((4-ethoxyphenyl)methylene)-2,4-thiazolidinedione (ERK inhibitor) diminish the rate of glucose synthesis via mechanisms similar to those of apocynin and TEMPOL. The observed apocynin in vivo effects include: (1) slight attenuation of hyperglycemia; (2) inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis; (3) a decrease in renal PEPCK activity and content. In view of the results summarized above, it can be concluded that: (1) the lowered activity of the ERK1/2 pathway is of importance for the inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis found under conditions of lowered superoxide radical production by Nox; (2) the mechanism of this phenomenon includes decreased PEPCK expression, resulting from diminished activity of transcription factor CREB; (3) apocynin-evoked inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis contributes to the hypoglycemic action of this compound observed in diabetic animals. Thus, the study has delivered some new insights into the recently discussed issue of the usefulness of Nox inhibition as a potential antidiabetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Winiarska
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Jarzyna
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta M Dzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam K Jagielski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Grabowski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Nowosielska
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Focht
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Sierakowski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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99
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Sanders FWB, Griffin JL. De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than just a shunting yard for glucose. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:452-68. [PMID: 25740151 PMCID: PMC4832395 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the biochemical process of synthesising fatty acids from acetyl‐CoA subunits that are produced from a number of different pathways within the cell, most commonly carbohydrate catabolism. In addition to glucose which most commonly supplies carbon units for DNL, fructose is also a profoundly lipogenic substrate that can drive DNL, important when considering the increasing use of fructose in corn syrup as a sweetener. In the context of disease, DNL is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, a common condition often associated with the metabolic syndrome and consequent insulin resistance. Whether DNL plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is yet to be fully elucidated, but it may be that the prevalent products of this synthetic process induce some aspect of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis W B Sanders
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, U.K.,The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Julian L Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, U.K.,The Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
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100
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Insights into Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Production. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 318:203-53. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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