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Velvizhi G, Balakumar K, Shetti NP, Ahmad E, Kishore Pant K, Aminabhavi TM. Integrated biorefinery processes for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to value added materials: Paving a path towards circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126151. [PMID: 34673197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an effective and sustainable alternative for petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals to produce biofuels and bio-based products. Despite the high availability, the degradation of biomass is a substantial challenge. Hence, it is necessary to integrate several unit processes such as biochemical, thermochemical, physical, and catalytic conversion to produce wide range of bio-based products. Integrating these processes enhances the yield, reduces the reaction time, and can be cost-effective. Process integration could significantly lead to various outcomes which guides towards the circular economy. This review addresses integration of several biorefinery processes for the production of multifaceted products. In addition, modern and sustainable biorefinery technologies are discussed to pave the path towards circular economy through the closed-loop approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Velvizhi
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, India.
| | - K Balakumar
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, Karnataka, India.
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52
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Kumawat TK, Kumawat V, Sharma S, Sharma V, Pandit A, Kandwani N, Biyani M. Sustainable Green Methods for the Extraction of Biopolymers. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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53
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Gondi R, Kavitha S, Yukesh Kannah R, Parthiba Karthikeyan O, Kumar G, Kumar Tyagi V, Rajesh Banu J. Algal-based system for removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126245. [PMID: 34743994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bioremediation of emerging pollutants in wastewater via algal biotechnology has been emerging as a cost-effective and low-energy input technological solution. However, the algal bioremediation technology is still not fully developed at a commercial level. The development of different technologies and new strategies to cater specific needs have been studied. The existence of multiple emerging pollutants and the selection of microalgal species is a major concern. The rate of algal bioremediation is influenced by various factors, including accidental contaminations and operational conditions in the pilot-scale studies. Algal-bioremediation can be combined with existing treatment technologies for efficient removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater. This review mainly focuses on algal-bioremediation systems for wastewater treatment and pollutant removal, the impact of emerging pollutants in the environment, selection of potential microalgal species, mechanisms involved, and challenges in removing emerging pollutants using algal-bioremediation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gondi
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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K N Y, T PD, P S, S K, R YK, Varjani S, AdishKumar S, Kumar G, J RB. Lignocellulosic biomass-based pyrolysis: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131824. [PMID: 34388872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The efficacious application of lignocellulosic biomass for the new valuable chemicals generation curbs the excessive dependency on fossil fuels. Among the various techniques available, pyrolysis has garnered much attention for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (encompasses cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components) into product of solid, liquid and gases by thermal decomposition in an efficient manner. Pyrolysis conversion mechanism can be outlined as formation of char, depolymerisation, fragmentation and other secondary reactions. This paper gives a deep insight about the pyrolytic behavior of the lignocellulosic components accompanied by its by-products. Also several parameters such as reaction environment, temperature, residence time and heating rate which has a great impact on the pyrolysis process are also elucidated in a detailed manner. In addition the environmental and economical facet of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis for commercialization at industrial scale is critically analyzed. This article also illustrates the prevailing challenges and inhibition in implementing lignocellulosic biomass based pyrolysis with possible solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogalakshmi K N
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Poornima Devi T
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, 627007, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivashanmugam P
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kavitha S
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, 627007, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Yukesh Kannah R
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, 627007, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
| | - S AdishKumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, University V.O.C College of Engineering, Anna University Thoothukudi Campus, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudy, Tiruvarur, 610005, India.
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Fan Y, Lei M, Zhang Z, Kong X, Xu W, Han Y, Li M, Liu C, Xiao R. Unmasking radical-mediated lignin pyrolysis after benzyl hydroxyl shielding. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125944. [PMID: 34537528 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Whether lignin benzyl hydroxyl shielding could promote its pyrolysis to phenolic compounds was investigated in this paper. Lignin benzyl hydroxyl was first preoxidized by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone and stabilized by propionaldehyde respectively, then pyrolysis was conducted with milled wood lignin as a control. Organic stable radicals in pyrolytic chars were further detected to reveal lignin pyrolysis chemistry. Results showed that benzyl hydroxyl shielding process weakened lignin thermal stability, and decreased liquid yields regardless of the frequency of lignin β-O-4 linkages. In addition, char yield grew after benzyl hydroxyl shielding. Radical concentration was inversely proportional to β-O-4 content which indicated the non-negligible impact of shielded benzyl hydroxyl on lignin pyrolysis. Furthermore, gases from propionaldehyde stabilized lignin quenched its radicals. This work confirmed that lignin β-O-4 linkages and shielded benzyl hydroxyl both played the great role in radical-mediated pyrolysis, but the enhancement of liquid products could not be achieved via benzyl hydroxyl shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Zhengxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Xiangchen Kong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Weicong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yue Han
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
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Chien Bong CP, Alam MNHZ, Samsudin SA, Jamaluddin J, Adrus N, Mohd Yusof AH, Muis ZA, Hashim H, Salleh MM, Abdullah AR, Chuprat BRB. A review on the potential of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from oil-based substrates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113461. [PMID: 34435568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a type of polyesters produced in the form of accumulated intracellular granules by many microorganisms. It is viewed as an environmentally friendly bioproduct due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. The production of the PHA using oil substrates such as waste oil and plant oil, has gained considerable attention due to the high product yield and lower substrate cost. Nevertheless, the PHA fermentation using oil substrate is complicated due to the heterogenous fatty acid composition, varied bio-accessibility and possible inhibitory effect on the bacterial culture. This review presents the current state-of-the-art of PHA production from oil-based substrates. This paper firstly discusses the technical details, such as the choice of bacteria strain and fermentation conditions, characteristic of the oil substrate as well as the PHA composition and application. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and prospects for up-scaling towards a cleaner and effective bioprocess. From the literature review, depending on the cell culture and the type of PHA produced, the oil platform can have a PHA yield of 0.2-0.8 g PHA/g oil substrate, with PHA content mostly from 40 to 90% of the cell dry weight. There is an on-going search for more effective oil-utilising PHA producers and lower cost substrate for effective PHA production. The final application of the PHA polymer influences the treatment needed during downstream processing and its economic performance. PHA with different compositions exhibits varied decomposition behaviour under different conditions, requiring further insight towards its management towards a sustainable circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassendra Phun Chien Bong
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Nazrul Hisham Zainal Alam
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sani Amril Samsudin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jamarosliza Jamaluddin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nadia Adrus
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Halim Mohd Yusof
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zarina Ab Muis
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Haslenda Hashim
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Madihah Md Salleh
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Horue M, Rivero Berti I, Cacicedo ML, Castro GR. Microbial production and recovery of hybrid biopolymers from wastes for industrial applications- a review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125671. [PMID: 34333348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes to be a global concern since agriculture and industrial processes are growing exponentially with the fast increase of the world population. Biopolymers are complex molecules produced by living organisms, but also found in many wastes or derived from wastes. The main drawbacks for the use of polymers are the high costs of the polymer purification processes from waste and the scale-up in the case of biopolymer production by microorganisms. However, the use of biopolymers at industrial scale for the development of products with high added value, such as food or biomedical products, not only can compensate the primary costs of biopolymer production, but also improve local economies and environmental sustainability. The present review describes some of the most relevant aspects related to the synthesis of hybrid materials and nanocomposites based on biopolymers for the development of products with high-added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Horue
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Rivero Berti
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano L Cacicedo
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC). Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG). Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Lizundia E, Sipponen MH, Greca LG, Balakshin M, Tardy BL, Rojas OJ, Puglia D. Multifunctional lignin-based nanocomposites and nanohybrids. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:6698-6760. [PMID: 34671223 PMCID: PMC8452181 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress in lignins valorization and development of high-performance sustainable materials have been achieved in recent years. Reports related to lignin utilization indicate excellent prospects considering green chemistry, chemical engineering, energy, materials and polymer science, physical chemistry, biochemistry, among others. To fully realize such potential, one of the most promising routes involves lignin uses in nanocomposites and nanohybrid assemblies, where synergistic interactions are highly beneficial. This review first discusses the interfacial assembly of lignins with polysaccharides, proteins and other biopolymers, for instance, in the synthesis of nanocomposites. To give a wide perspective, we consider the subject of hybridization with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, as well as uses as precursor of carbon materials and the assembly with other biobased nanoparticles, for instance to form nanohybrids. We provide cues to understand the fundamental aspects related to lignins, their self-assembly and supramolecular organization, all of which are critical in nanocomposites and nanohybrids. We highlight the possibilities of lignin in the fields of flame retardancy, food packaging, plant protection, electroactive materials, energy storage and health sciences. The most recent outcomes are evaluated given the importance of lignin extraction, within established and emerging biorefineries. We consider the benefit of lignin compared to synthetic counterparts. Bridging the gap between fundamental and application-driven research, this account offers critical insights as far as the potential of lignin as one of the frontrunners in the uptake of bioeconomy concepts and its application in value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao 48013 Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures UPV/EHU Science Park 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Mika H Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius väg 16C SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Luiz G Greca
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Mikhail Balakshin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Blaise L Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia 2360 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia Strada di Pentima 4 05100 Terni Italy
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XPS, SEM, DSC and Nanoindentation Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle-Coated Biopolymer Pellets. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly materials has been the focus of many research groups in recent years due to increased harmful effects of plastics on the environment. Bio-based materials are considered a key solution from a sustainable manufacturing perspective. The nano-coating of biopolymer blends with silver nanoparticles is the subject of challenging research projects in line with the EU Directive on environment protection and sustainable manufacturing. Coating biopolymers with silver nanoparticles provides an antimicrobial and antiviral active surface. In this work, we develop silver nanoparticle-coated biopolymer Arboblend V2 Nature pellets. The main goal is to obtain a new material with antibacterial action obtained from the blending of a biopolymer pellets with silver nanoparticles through physical vapor deposition. The study is divided in three steps. The first step represents the silver nano-coating of the Arboblend V2 Nature and the characterization of the coated/raw pellets. The second step involves the injection molding of the silver nano-coated pellets and the characterization of the samples obtained. The last step regards the press molding of the coated pellets in order to obtain thin films, as well as their characterization. The PVD-sputtering technique is used to coat the pellets with silver nanoparticles. This process is especially optimized for coating raw materials with high water content and small-size pellets. The mechanical properties, surface chemical composition and the thermal properties of the both virgin and silver nanoparticle-coated biopolymer pellets are measured and analyzed for mechanical and thermal resistance of the nano-coating layer. Differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and nanoindentation mechanical testing is performed. The calorimetry test detects no significant alteration of the biopolymer produced from the PVD process and confirms the optimized PVD process for nano-coating of the Arboblend V2 Nature pellets with a viable application in nano-silver–biopolymer composite products.
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Rodrigues JS, Lima V, Araújo LCP, Botaro VR. Lignin Fractionation Methods: Can Lignin Fractions Be Separated in a True Industrial Process? Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica S. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vitor Lima
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Luísa C. P. Araújo
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vagner R. Botaro
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
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61
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De Donno Novelli L, Moreno Sayavedra S, Rene ER. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production via resource recovery from industrial waste streams: A review of techniques and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:124985. [PMID: 33819906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The problem of waste generation in the form of wastewater and solid wastes has caused an urgent, yet persisting, global issue that calls for the development of sustainable treatment and resource recovery technologies. The production of value-added polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from industrial waste streams has attracted the attention of researchers and process industries because they could replace traditional plastics. PHAs are biopolymers with high degradability, with a variety of applications in the manufacturing sector (e.g. medical equipment, packaging). The aim of this review is to describe the techniques and industrial waste streams that are applied for PHA production. The different enrichment and accumulation techniques that employ mixed microbial communities and carbon recovery from industrial waste streams and various downstream processes were reviewed. PHA yields between 7.6 and 76 wt% were reported for pilot-scale PHA production; while, at the laboratory-scale, yields from PHA accumulation range between 8.6 and 56 wt%. The recent advances in the application of waste streams for PHA production could result in more widely spread PHA production at the industrial scale via its integration into biorefineries for co-generation of PHAs with other added-value products like biohydrogen and biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Donno Novelli
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Moreno Sayavedra
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands.
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62
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de S M de Freitas A, Rodrigues JS, Maciel CC, Pires AAF, Lemes AP, Ferreira M, Botaro VR. Improvements in thermal and mechanical properties of composites based on thermoplastic starch and Kraft Lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:863-873. [PMID: 34181999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a widely studied biopolymer as an alternative to the use of conventional polymers. In this sense, the incorporation of fillers or reinforcements coming preferably from other substances of natural origin, can be an alternative to try to improve some mechanical and thermal properties of starch polymers. Thus, Kraft Lignin (KL), can be an excellent filler to be incorporated, since it presents mechanical and thermal properties and reduces the cost and weight of the final compounds. TPS films were prepared by casting using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent and additives with 2, 4 and 8% KL. Characterization of TPS films and compositions with KL were carried out by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMTA), tensile testing and contact angle. Samples were also analyzed for biodegradation and for the ability to remove contaminants in water, Metil Orange (MO), by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The FT-IR spectra of the films showed bands typical of functional groups derived from starch and lignin, with the intensity of these bands varying among the samples studied. Micrographs revealed slightly different morphologies among the films, but all showed irregular shapes with structures that appeared as plots. Increasing the percentage of KL led to an increase in contact angle values, showing a more hydrophobic behavior. In the TGA analysis, it was possible to observe a change in the main degradation event of the films for lower temperatures, especially of TPS - 4 and 8% KL compared to the TPS film. Films with KL had the peak of maximum degradation shifted to temperatures below the starch film, where the decrease in intensity of the main peak in the TPS - 4% KL and TPS - 8% KL samples demonstrates that there was less mass loss in the event. There was also in the percentage of residue as the addition of KL was increased The DMTA analyses allowed for the conclusion that presence of KL in TPS film allowed for an increase in its energy storage property, and that the loss modulus followed a decreasing order of storage modulus values to TPS - 8% KL from TPS. For the tensile strength property only TPS - 4% KL has significant improvement, and the elongation at break showed an increase for TPS - 4 and 8% KL compared to TPS. Samples showed a continuous and progressive biodegradation process, being completely biodegraded within 10 days. The monitoring of the ability to remove contaminants from water by UV-Vis, also showed promising results of compounds for this application. The best results were obtained, in most tests, for the TPS- 4% KL films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de S M de Freitas
- Polymers and Biopolymers Technology Laboratory (TecPBio), Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 12231-280 São José do Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Rodrigues
- Lignocellulosic Materials Laboratory, Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane C Maciel
- Science and Technology Institute of Sorocaba (ICTS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Ariane A F Pires
- Lignocellulosic Materials Laboratory, Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lemes
- Polymers and Biopolymers Technology Laboratory (TecPBio), Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 12231-280 São José do Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marystela Ferreira
- Lignocellulosic Materials Laboratory, Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vagner R Botaro
- Lignocellulosic Materials Laboratory, Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
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63
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Liu ZH, Hao N, Wang YY, Dou C, Lin F, Shen R, Bura R, Hodge DB, Dale BE, Ragauskas AJ, Yang B, Yuan JS. Transforming biorefinery designs with 'Plug-In Processes of Lignin' to enable economic waste valorization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3912. [PMID: 34162838 PMCID: PMC8222318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological lignin valorization has emerged as a major solution for sustainable and cost-effective biorefineries. However, current biorefineries yield lignin with inadequate fractionation for bioconversion, yet substantial changes of these biorefinery designs to focus on lignin could jeopardize carbohydrate efficiency and increase capital costs. We resolve the dilemma by designing 'plug-in processes of lignin' with the integration of leading pretreatment technologies. Substantial improvement of lignin bioconversion and synergistic enhancement of carbohydrate processing are achieved by solubilizing lignin via lowering molecular weight and increasing hydrophilic groups, addressing the dilemma of lignin- or carbohydrate-first scenarios. The plug-in processes of lignin could enable minimum polyhydroxyalkanoate selling price at as low as $6.18/kg. The results highlight the potential to achieve commercial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates as a co-product of cellulosic ethanol. Here, we show that the plug-in processes of lignin could transform biorefinery design toward sustainability by promoting carbon efficiency and optimizing the total capital cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Naijia Hao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yun-Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Chang Dou
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Furong Lin
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rongchun Shen
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Renata Bura
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David B Hodge
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Joshua S Yuan
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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64
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Kartik A, Akhil D, Lakshmi D, Panchamoorthy Gopinath K, Arun J, Sivaramakrishnan R, Pugazhendhi A. A critical review on production of biopolymers from algae biomass and their applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124868. [PMID: 33707076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Algae is abundantly present in our ecosystems and can be easily extracted and used for production of biopolymers. Algae does not produce any anthropogenic, harmful effects, has a good growth rate, and cultivable in wastewater. This literature elucidates the potential of algae biomass by comparing various seaweed and microalgae strains. The routes for biopolymer production were portrayed and their novel methods of isolation such as microwave assisted, ultrasound assisted, and subcritical water assisted extraction are discussed in detail. These novel methods are observed to be highly efficient compared to conventional solvent extraction, with the microwave assisted and ultrasound assisted processes yielding 33% and 5% more biopolymer respectively than the conventional method. Biopolymers are used in variety of applications such as environmental remediation, adsorbent and antioxidant. Biopolymer is shown to be highly effective in the removal of potentially toxic elements and is seen to extract more than 40 mg PTE/g biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Kartik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam - 603110, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dilipkumar Akhil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam - 603110, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divya Lakshmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam - 603110, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam - 603110, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaseelan Arun
- Centre for Waste Management, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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65
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Sun H, Bai S, Li C. Identifying environmental hotspots and improvement strategies of vanillin production with life cycle assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144771. [PMID: 33477040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vanillin, an important aroma chemical, can be synthesized through industrial oxidation processes and biotechnological processes. Studying the environmental impacts of synthetic vanillin production processes is fundamental to making these processes feasible and sustainable; however, few studies have focused on such analyses. This study involved performing a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate multiple industrial synthesis and biosynthesis processes for producing synthetic vanillin. The results indicated that human toxicity potential (HTP) appeared to be the most affected indicator among all the impact categories considered. The dominant drivers of the HTP of the vanillin synthesis process were electricity consumption and ultrapure water consumption. Improvement strategies were then proposed to investigate the possibility of reducing the environmental burdens created by vanillin synthesis. Natural gas power generation was determined to be the best choice for replacing traditional coal-fired power generation, thus reducing the negative impacts of these processes on the environment. The best ways to reduce chemical consumption were to recover organic solvents and to replace ultrapure water with industrial or distilled water. All these improvement strategies were demonstrated to be able to effectively reduce the HTP. In addition, suggestions for evaluating scaled-up vanillin production, increasing the LCA coverage to include technological advancements in biosynthesis techniques, and introducing cost-benefit analysis into the LCA were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Changchun Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute, 130033 Changchun, China
| | - Shunwen Bai
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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66
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Maillard D, Osso E, Faye A, Li H, Ton‐That M, Stoeffler K. Influence of lignin's
pH
on polyurethane flexible foam formation and how to control it. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Maillard
- Polymer Bioproducts Research Team, Automotive and Surface Transportation research Center National Research Council of Canada Boucherville Canada
| | - Esthel Osso
- Polymer Bioproducts Research Team, Automotive and Surface Transportation research Center National Research Council of Canada Boucherville Canada
| | - Adrien Faye
- Polymer Bioproducts Research Team, Automotive and Surface Transportation research Center National Research Council of Canada Boucherville Canada
| | - Hongbo Li
- Polymer Bioproducts Research Team, Automotive and Surface Transportation research Center National Research Council of Canada Boucherville Canada
| | - Minh‐Tan Ton‐That
- Polymer Bioproducts Research Team, Automotive and Surface Transportation research Center National Research Council of Canada Boucherville Canada
| | - Karen Stoeffler
- Polymer Bioproducts Research Team, Automotive and Surface Transportation research Center National Research Council of Canada Boucherville Canada
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67
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Luo T, Wang C, Ji X, Yang G, Chen J, Yoo CG, Janaswamy S, Lyu G. Innovative production of lignin nanoparticles using deep eutectic solvents for multifunctional nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:781-789. [PMID: 33965479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A green and simple lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) production strategy was developed using deep eutectic solvents (DES). The LNPs were formed with corncob alkali lignin by sequential DES dissolution and self-assembling process. Uniform size and spherical shape of LNPs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analyzer and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Less than 100 nm of LNPs were formed, and these particles were preserved without significant size-increase or precipitation within 30 days. The nanocomposite films prepared by incorporating the LNPs into biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix display good mechanical properties (tensile strength of 82.5 MPa and breaking strain of 103.3%), excellent UV-blocking (100% shielding of the UV spectrum region), strong hydrophobicity (static contact angle of 117.0°) and relatively high thermal stability (the maximum thermal weight loss temperature increased by 40 °C). Overall, this study not only facilitates the advancement of lignin-based nanotechnology by DES but also paves the way for the PVA polymer composites as potential food and medical packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Jiachuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Srinivas Janaswamy
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Gaojin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
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68
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Obulisamy PK, Mehariya S. Polyhydroxyalkanoates from extremophiles: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124653. [PMID: 33465644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are group monomers/heteropolymers that are biodegradable and widely used in biomedical applications. They are considered as alternatives to fossil derived polymers and accumulated by microbes including extremophilic archaea as energy storage inclusions under nutrient limitations. The use of extremophilic archaea for PHA production is an economically viable option for conventional aerobic processes, but less is known about their pathways and PHA accumulation capacities. This review summarized: (a) specific adaptive mechanisms towards extreme environments by extremophiles and specific role of PHAs; (b) understanding of PHA synthesis/metabolism in archaea and specific functional genes; (c) genetic engineering and process engineering approaches required for high-rate PHA production using extremophilic archaea. To conclude, the future studies are suggested to understand the membrane lipids and PHAs accumulation to explain the adaptation mechanism of extremophiles and exploiting it for commercial production of PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Italy
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69
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Naresh Kumar A, Kim GB, Muhorakeye A, Varjani S, Kim SH. Biopolymer production using volatile fatty acids as resource: Effect of feast-famine strategy and lignin reinforcement. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124736. [PMID: 33524882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the biopolymer production using VFA's as carbon source through feast and famine strategy in a sequencing batch reactor. Famine condition with nutrients and oxygen limitation resulted in high polyhydroxybutyrate yield (PHB: 2.65 ± 0.012 g/L; 0.36 ± 0.015 gPHB/gVFA) than feast mode (0.26 ± 0.02 g/L; 0.034 ± 0.013 gPHB/gVFA). Repeated batch operations induced substrate consumption, wherein acetate utilization was high in both the conditions (feast: 83%, famine 74%) followed by butyrate (feast: 74%, famine 72%). Besides, high biomass concentration was also observed in feast condition (3.45 ± 0.14 g/L VSS), while oxygen and nutrients limitation in famine mode regulated the carbon use for biomass growth (2.46 ± 0.15 g/L VSS). Further, PHB grafting with lignin (3% and 5%) exhibited increased thermal stability than pristine PHB. Biopolymer production using VFA's as carbon source and utilization of lignin as functional filler for strengthening PHB offer lignin valorization also wider its applications specifically in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Naresh Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Beom Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Alice Muhorakeye
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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70
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Bhatia SK, Otari SV, Jeon JM, Gurav R, Choi YK, Bhatia RK, Pugazhendhi A, Kumar V, Rajesh Banu J, Yoon JJ, Choi KY, Yang YH. Biowaste-to-bioplastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates): Conversion technologies, strategies, challenges, and perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124733. [PMID: 33494006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biowaste management is a challenging job as it is high in nutrient content and its disposal in open may cause a serious environmental and health risk. Traditional technologies such as landfill, bio-composting, and incineration are used for biowaste management. To gain revenue from biowaste researchers around the world focusing on the integration of biowaste management with other commercial products such as volatile fatty acids (VFA), biohydrogen, and bioplastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)), etc. PHA production from various biowastes such as lignocellulosic biomass, municipal waste, waste cooking oils, biodiesel industry waste, and syngas has been reported successfully. Various nutrient factors i.e., carbon and nitrogen source concentration and availability of dissolved oxygen are crucial factors for PHA production. This review is an attempt to summarize the recent advancements in PHA production from various biowaste, its downstream processing, and other challenges that need to overcome making bioplastic an alternate for synthetic plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sachin V Otari
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jong-Min Jeon
- Green & Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Research Institute of Clean Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Chungnam 331-825, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeong-Jun Yoon
- Green & Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Research Institute of Clean Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Chungnam 331-825, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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71
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Shahini M, Ramezanzadeh B, Mohammadloo HE. Recent advances in biopolymers/carbohydrate polymers as effective corrosion inhibitive macro-molecules: A review study from experimental and theoretical views. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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72
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Abstract
Flax shive is the main waste (up to 70 wt %) in the production of flax fiber. It represents the lignified parts of the flax stem mainly in the form of small straws. Complex processing of such wastes is a significant problem due to the heterogeneity of the chemical structure of lignin. This article presents the results of reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of flax shive in ethanol and isopropanol at elevated temperatures (225–250 °C) in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst (Ru/C) and molecular hydrogen. This provides solvolytic depolymerization of lignin and hemicelluloses presented in flax shive. Catalytic hydrogenation effectively stabilizes the formed lignin intermediates and prevents repolymerization reactions producing the lignin fraction with a high degree of depolymerization. RCF of flax shive produces solid products with a high cellulose content and liquid products consisting mainly of monophenolic compounds. Furthermore, the effect of different characteristics (the ruthenium content, particle size, and support acidity) of the bifunctional catalysts containing ruthenium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous, graphite-like carbon material Sibunit®-4 on the yield and composition of the products of hydrogenation of flax shive in sub- and super-critical ethanol has been studied. Bifunctional catalysts Ru/C used in the RCF of flax shive increase its conversion from 44 to 56 wt % and the yield of monophenols from 1.1 to 10.2 wt % (based on the weight of lignin in the sample). Using the best Ru/C catalyst containing 3% of Ru on oxidized at 400 °C carbon support, the high degree of delignification (up to 79.0%), cellulose yield (up to 67.2 wt %), and monophenols yield (up to 9.5 wt %) have been obtained.
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73
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Bonser CAR, Chen X, Astete CE, Sabliov CM, Davis JA. Elucidating Efficacy of Ingested Positively Charged Zein Nanoparticles Against Noctuidae. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2739-2744. [PMID: 32940682 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A meridic diet overlay bioassay using empty, positively charged zein nanoparticles ((+)ZNP) was performed on soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens (Walker)), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)), and velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Assessment of effects on mortality and development weights 7 d after ingestion of (+)ZNP were evaluated on larvae of each species. Treatments involved different concentrations, with H. virescens and A. gemmatalis offered 0 and 3,800 ppm (+)ZNP, whereas C. includens colonies were offered 0, 630, 1,260, and 2,520 ppm (+)ZNP. Mortality of A. gemmatalis and C. includens increased after ingestion of the highest (+)ZNP concentrations, while H. virescens neonate mortality was unaffected. Neonate and third-instar weights of A. gemmatalis and C. includens, and neonate H. virescens, decreased with high (+)ZNP concentrations. Following mortality results from A. gemmatalis neonates, a concentration response test was performed using a range of (+)ZNP concentrations. The LC50 for A. gemmatalis was 1,478 ppm. The potential of (+)ZNP as a pest management tactic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A R Bonser
- Life Science Building, Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Xuan Chen
- Life Science Building, Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Carlos E Astete
- B. Doran Building, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Cristina M Sabliov
- B. Doran Building, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Jeffrey A Davis
- Life Science Building, Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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74
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Xue B, Yang Y, Tang R, Xue D, Sun Y, Li X. Efficient dissolution of lignin in novel ternary deep eutectic solvents and its application in polyurethane. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:480-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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75
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de Souza DC, Orzari LO, de Oliveira PR, Kalinke C, Bonacin JA, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF, Janegitz BC. Electrochemical Sensor Based on Beeswax and Carbon Black Thin Biofilms for Determination of Paraquat in Apis mellifera Honey. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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76
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Liu Q, Tang J, Li X, Lin Q, Xiao R, Zhang M, Yin G, Zhou Y. Effect of lignosulfonate on the adsorption performance of hematite for Cd(II). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139952. [PMID: 32534277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a precursor of humus in soil and sediment. Lignin can be separated from vascular plants in the form of lignosulfonate via pulping processes. On the other hand, composites of iron oxide and organic matter can adsorb heavy metals, and thus influence the migration of these heavy metals in the environment. In this paper, a hematite/lignosulfonate composite (HLS) was prepared via coprecipitation to compare the adsorption performance of hematite (α-Fe2O3) toward Cd(II) before and after the incorporation of lignosulfonate (LS). The HLS is found to exhibit a weakly crystalline structure and possess a large number of nanoscale particles. Specific surface area of HLS (291.97 m2/g) is about 11 times that of α-Fe2O3, and the pore volume of HLS (0.22 cm3/g) is twice that of α-Fe2O3. The adsorption of Cd(II) is well illustrated by the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and the initial adsorption rate (h) of HLS is 13.83 times that of α-Fe2O3. The maximum adsorption capacities are significantly improved from 4.89-6.35 mg/g (α-Fe2O3) to 39.03-53.65 mg/g (HLS). A greater affinity and more favorable association between Cd(II) and HLS is observed via fitting models. The incorporation of LS provides HLS with significantly better adsorption properties toward Cd(II) than α-Fe2O3, as is further confirmed by FT-IR and XPS characterization. Fe-O-O-H and Fe-O-H structures as well as more hydroxyl groups are observed, which promote the adsorption performance since the process are mainly influenced by complexation via coordination bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjun Liu
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jiepeng Tang
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qintie Lin
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rongbo Xiao
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Guangcai Yin
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yangmei Zhou
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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77
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Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Pretreated with Magnesium Formate and Magnesium Hydroxide. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13194995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kraft lignin (Indulin AT) pretreated with magnesium formate and magnesium hydroxide was fast-pyrolyzed in a continuously fed, bench-scale system. To avoid fouling issues typically associated with lignin pyrolysis, a simple laboratory test was used to determine suitable ranges of magnesium hydroxide and formic acid to lignin for feeding without plugging problems. Various feedstock formulations of lignin pretreated with magnesium hydroxide and formic acid were pyrolyzed. For comparison, calcium formate pretreated lignin was also tested. The organic oil yield ranged from 9% to 17% wt % on a lignin basis. Carbon yields in the oil ranged from 10% to 18% wt % on a lignin basis. Magnesium formate pretreatment increased oil yield and carbon yield in the oil up to 35% relative to the higher 1:1 g magnesium hydroxide/g lignin pretreatment. However, a lower magnesium hydroxide pretreatment (0.5:1 g magnesium hydroxide/g lignin) resulted in oil yields and carbon yields in the oils similar to the magnesium formate pretreatments. Magnesium formate pretreatment produced more oil but with a higher oxygen content than calcium formate under the same conditions. The GC-MS analysis of product oils indicated that phenols and aromatics were more prevalent in pyrolyzed magnesium-formate-pretreated lignin.
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78
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Dias RM, Petrin LCG, H. B. Sosa F, da Costa Lopes AM, Coutinho JAP, da Costa MC. Investigation of Kraft Lignin Solubility in Protic Ionic Liquids and Their Aqueous Solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M. Dias
- Department of Process and Product Design (DDPP) - School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Lívia C. G. Petrin
- Department of Process and Product Design (DDPP) - School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Filipe H. B. Sosa
- Department of Process and Product Design (DDPP) - School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - André M. da Costa Lopes
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana C. da Costa
- Department of Process and Product Design (DDPP) - School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
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79
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Cailotto S, Gigli M, Bonini M, Rigoni F, Crestini C. Sustainable Strategies in the Synthesis of Lignin Nanoparticles for the Release of Active Compounds: A Comparison. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4759-4767. [PMID: 32697394 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of nanoparticles represents a powerful tool for lignin valorization, as it combines easy methodologies with high application potential. Different synthetic strategies and various lignin sources have been employed in the process. However, the great variability in the lignin structure prevents a direct comparison of the so far reported lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), especially as regards their physicochemical and functional properties. To this purpose, two green protocols, that is, solvent-antisolvent and hydrotropic, were optimized and used to generate LNPs from the same softwood kraft lignin. The nanomaterials were fully characterized to extrapolate structure/property relationships and reveal any differences in the mechanism of self-assembly. Furthermore, tests on methylene blue entrapment capacity and release behavior at two different pH values (2.0 and 7.4) evidenced a clear dependence on the LNPs characteristics and thus on the strategy adopted for their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cailotto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia Mestre, Italy
- CSGI - Italian Research Center for Colloids and Surface Science, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Gigli
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia Mestre, Italy
- CSGI - Italian Research Center for Colloids and Surface Science, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonini
- CSGI - Italian Research Center for Colloids and Surface Science, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Rigoni
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia Mestre, Italy
- CSGI - Italian Research Center for Colloids and Surface Science, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
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80
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Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 polyhydroxybutyrate production from a lignin aromatic and quantification via flow cytometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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81
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Steinmetz V, Villain-Gambier M, Klem A, Ziegler I, Dumarcay S, Trebouet D. In-situ extraction of depolymerization products by membrane filtration against lignin condensation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123530. [PMID: 32450464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic depolymerization of lignin is a challenging process due to competitive repolymerization reactions. In this paper, the oxidative depolymerization of lignin was catalyzed by a commercial laccase both in a batch experiment and in a membrane bioreactor using the same catalytic conditions. The membrane bioreactor was previously optimized to reach high permeation flux (25 L.h-1.m-2) during lignin diafiltration. While the lignin was exclusively condensed in the batch experiment leading to high molecular weight macromolecules (from 9 to 16 kDa), its depolymerization was effective in the bioreactor producing fragments of less than 1 kDa thanks to the in-situ extraction of the reaction products. This paper demonstrates that the reactor configuration is playing an essential role in triggering or preventing lignin condensation. It also reports the first proof-of-concept demonstrating that in-situ membrane extraction of the reactive fragments of lignin from the bulk medium can be useful against detrimental repolymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Steinmetz
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance et Procédés de Séparation Moléculaire (RePSeM), Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR CNRS 7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France; Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois, EA 4370 USC INRA, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Maud Villain-Gambier
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance et Procédés de Séparation Moléculaire (RePSeM), Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR CNRS 7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Armand Klem
- Norske Skog Golbey, Route Jean-Charles Pellerin, BP 109, 88194 Golbey, France
| | - Isabelle Ziegler
- Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois, EA 4370 USC INRA, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Dumarcay
- Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois, EA 4370 USC INRA, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Dominique Trebouet
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance et Procédés de Séparation Moléculaire (RePSeM), Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR CNRS 7178, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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82
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Product Distribution of Chemical Product Using Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7249.432-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignin depolymerization is a very promising process which can generate value-added products from lignin raw materials. The main objective of lignin depolymerization is to convert the complex molecules of lignin into small molecules. Nevertheless, lignin is natural polymer which the molecules of lignin are extremely complicated due to their natural variability, and it will be a big challenge to depolymerize lignin, particularly high water yield. The various technology and methods are developed to depolymerize lignin into biofuels or bio chemical products including acid/base/metallic catalyzed lignin depolymerization, pyrolysis of lignin, hydroprocessing, and gasification. The distribution and yield of chemical products depend on the reaction operation condition, type of lignin and kind of catalyst. The reactor type, product distributions and specific chemicals (benzene, toluene, xylene, terephthalic acid) production of lignin depolymerization are intensive discussed in this review. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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83
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Recent Insights into Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis: A Critical Review on Pretreatment, Characterization, and Products Upgrading. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrolysis process has been considered to be an efficient approach for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil and value-added chemicals. Bio-oil refers to biomass pyrolysis liquid, which contains alkanes, aromatic compounds, phenol derivatives, and small amounts of ketone, ester, ether, amine, and alcohol. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and sustainable energy resource for carbon that is readily available in the environment. This review article provides an outline of the pyrolysis process including pretreatment of biomass, pyrolysis mechanism, and process products upgrading. The pretreatment processes for biomass are reviewed including physical and chemical processes. In addition, the gaps in research and recommendations for improving the pretreatment processes are highlighted. Furthermore, the effect of feedstock characterization, operating parameters, and types of biomass on the performance of the pyrolysis process are explained. Recent progress in the identification of the mechanism of the pyrolysis process is addressed with some recommendations for future work. In addition, the article critically provides insight into process upgrading via several approaches specifically using catalytic upgrading. In spite of the current catalytic achievements of catalytic pyrolysis for providing high-quality bio-oil, the production yield has simultaneously dropped. This article explains the current drawbacks of catalytic approaches while suggesting alternative methodologies that could possibly improve the deoxygenation of bio-oil while maintaining high production yield.
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84
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85
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Li YX, Zhu JP, Zhang ZJ, Qu YS. Preparation of Syringaldehyde from Lignin by Catalytic Oxidation of Perovskite-Type Oxides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2107-2113. [PMID: 32064371 PMCID: PMC7016912 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of different reaction conditions on the yield of syringaldehyde was studied by using perovskite oxide as the catalyst. The optimal reaction conditions are as follows: 0.60 g of dealkali lignin, 0.60 g of 5 wt % theta ring-loaded LaFe0.2Cu0.8O3 catalyst, 30 mL of 1.0 mol/L NaOH solution, 160 °C reaction temperature, 0.80 MPa O2 pressure, and 2.5 h reaction time. Under these conditions, the highest syringaldehyde yield was 10.00%. The recycling performance of the catalyst was studied. It was found by XRD analysis that the catalyst maintained high catalytic activity after four times of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-xia Li
- Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun-peng Zhu
- Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-jun Zhang
- Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong-Shui Qu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- E-mail: . Tel/Fax: +86 10 82544852
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86
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Wong SS, Shu R, Zhang J, Liu H, Yan N. Downstream processing of lignin derived feedstock into end products. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5510-5560. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides critical analysis on various downstream processes to convert lignin derived feedstock into fuels, chemicals and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sie Shing Wong
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Riyang Shu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
| | - Jiaguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Haichao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Ning Yan
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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