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Sun W, Chen X, Mei Y, Yang Y, Li X, An L. Prelimbic proBDNF Facilitates Retrieval-Dependent Fear Memory Destabilization by Regulation of Synaptic and Neural Functions in Juvenile Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4179-4196. [PMID: 35501631 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fear regulation changes as a function of the early life is a key developmental period for the continued maturation of fear neural circuitry. The mechanisms of fear retrieval-induced reconsolidation have been investigated but remain poorly understood. The involvement of prelimbic proBDNF in fear memory extinction and its mediated signaling have been reported previously. Specifically, blocking the proBDNF/p75NTR pathway during the postnatal stage disrupts synaptic development and neuronal activity in adulthood. Given the inherent high expression of proBDNF during the juvenile period, we tested whether the prelimbic proBDNF regulated synaptic and neuronal functions allowing to influencing retrieval-dependent memory processing. By examining the freezing behavior of auditory fear-conditioned rats, we found the high level of the prelimbic proBDNF in juvenile rats enhanced the destabilization of the retrieval-dependent weak but not strong fear memory through activating p75NTR-GluN2B signaling. This modification of fear memory traces was attributed to the increment in the proportion of thin-type spine and promotion in synaptic function, as evidenced by the facilitation of NMDA-mediated EPSCs and GluN2B-dependent synaptic depression at the prelimbic projection. Furthermore, the strong prelimbic theta- and gamma-oscillation coupling predicted the suppressive effect of juvenile proBDNF on the recall of postretrieval memory. Our results critically emphasize the importance of developmental proBDNF for modification of retrieval-dependent memory and provide a potential critical targeting to inhibit threaten memories associated with neurodevelopment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.,Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Yazi Mei
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Lei An
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China. .,Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China. .,Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China. .,Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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52
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Allen CNS, Arjona SP, Santerre M, De Lucia C, Koch WJ, Sawaya BE. Metabolic Reprogramming in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:812887. [PMID: 35418836 PMCID: PMC8997587 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.812887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of patients infected with HIV-1 suffer from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) such as spatial memory impairments and learning disabilities (SMI-LD). SMI-LD is also observed in patients using combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Our lab has demonstrated that the HIV-1 protein, gp120, promotes SMI-LD by altering mitochondrial functions and energy production. We have investigated cellular processes upstream of the mitochondrial functions and discovered that gp120 causes metabolic reprogramming. Effectively, the addition of gp120 protein to neuronal cells disrupted the glycolysis pathway at the pyruvate level. Looking for the players involved, we found that gp120 promotes increased expression of polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1), causing the splicing of pyruvate kinase M (PKM) into PKM1 and PKM2. We have also shown that these events lead to the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and prevent the cleavage of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pro-BDNF) protein into mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The accumulation of proBDNF results in signaling that increases the expression of the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) protein which then occupies the cAMP response element (CRE)-binding sites within the BDNF promoters II and IV, thus altering normal synaptic plasticity. We reversed these events by adding Tepp-46, which stabilizes the tetrameric form of PKM2. Therefore, we concluded that gp120 reprograms cellular metabolism, causing changes linked to disrupted memory in HIV-infected patients and that preventing the disruption of the metabolism presents a potential cure against HAND progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N. S. Allen
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sterling P. Arjona
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maryline Santerre
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Claudio De Lucia
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bassel E. Sawaya
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bassel E. Sawaya,
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53
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Zhao XP, Li H, Dai RP. Neuroimmune crosstalk through brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its precursor pro-BDNF: New insights into mood disorders. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:379-392. [PMID: 35433323 PMCID: PMC8968497 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i3.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are the most common mental disorders, affecting approximately 350 million people globally. Recent studies have shown that neuroimmune interaction regulates mood disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor pro-BDNF, are involved in the neuroimmune crosstalk during the development of mood disorders. BDNF is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurological disorders especially in antidepressant pharmacotherapy. In this review, we describe the functions of BDNF/pro-BDNF signaling in the central nervous system in the context of mood disorders. In addition, we summarize the developments for BDNF and pro-BDNF functions in mood disorders. This review aims to provide new insights into the impact of neuroimmune interaction on mood disorders and reveal a new basis for further development of diagnostic targets and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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54
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Xue Z, Shui M, Lin X, Sun Y, Liu J, Wei C, Wu A, Li T. Role of BDNF/ProBDNF Imbalance in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction by Modulating Synaptic Plasticity in Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:780972. [PMID: 35370607 PMCID: PMC8975148 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.780972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a disturbing neurological complication in patients undergoing anesthesia and surgical procedures. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor proBDNF binding to their corresponding receptors tyrosine kinase (TrkB) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) exert quite an opposite biological function in neuron survival and synaptic function. This study aimed to demonstrate the critical role of the BDNF/proBDNF ratio in modulating synaptic plasticity, which further leads to anesthesia-/surgery-induced POCD. It also showed that the exogenous BDNF or p75NTR inhibitor could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction. In detail, 16-month-old C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a stabilized tibial fracture surgery with isoflurane anesthesia to establish the POCD animal model. The mice were then microinjected with either p75NTR inhibitor or exogenous BDNF into the dorsal hippocampus. Behavioral experiments were performed by open field and fear conditioning tests (FCTs). Western blotting was also used to measure the expression levels of BDNF, proBDNF, TrkB, p-TrkB, p75NTR, and synapse proteins. Golgi staining and electrophysiology were applied to evaluate the neuronal synaptic plasticity. Here, we demonstrated that anesthesia/surgery induced a reduction of BDNF/proBDNF, which negatively regulates the synaptic function in hippocampus, subsequently leading to cognitive impairment in aged mice. P75NTR inhibitor and exogenous BDNF could attenuate cognitive deficits by rescuing the dendritic spine loss and long-term potentiation (LTP) via altering the BDNF/proBDNF ratio. This study unveiled that the BDNF/proBDNF ratio in the hippocampus played a key role in anesthesia-/surgery-induced POCD. Thereby, tuning the ratio of BDNF/proBDNF is supposed to be a promising therapeutic target for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Shui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changwei Wei,
| | - Anshi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Anshi Wu,
| | - Tianzuo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Tianzuo Li,
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55
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Clathrin-nanoparticles deliver BDNF to hippocampus and enhance neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and cognition in HIV/neuroAIDS mouse model. Commun Biol 2022; 5:236. [PMID: 35301411 PMCID: PMC8931075 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes the growth, differentiation, maintenance and survival of neurons. These attributes make BDNF a potentially powerful therapeutic agent. However, its charge, instability in blood, and poor blood brain barrier (BBB) penetrability have impeded its development. Here, we show that engineered clathrin triskelia (CT) conjugated to BDNF (BDNF-CT) and delivered intranasally increased hippocampal BDNF concentrations 400-fold above that achieved previously with intranasal BDNF alone. We also show that BDNF-CT targeted Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and increased TrkB expression and downstream signaling in iTat mouse brains. Mice were induced to conditionally express neurotoxic HIV Transactivator-of-Transcription (Tat) protein that decreases BDNF. Down-regulation of BDNF is correlated with increased severity of HIV/neuroAIDS. BDNF-CT enhanced neurorestorative effects in the hippocampus including newborn cell proliferation and survival, granule cell neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and increased dendritic integrity. BDNF-CT exerted cognitive-enhancing effects by reducing Tat-induced learning and memory deficits. These results show that CT bionanoparticles efficiently deliver BDNF to the brain, making them potentially powerful tools in regenerative medicine.
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56
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D'avila LF, Dias VT, Trevizol F, Metz VG, Roversi K, Milanesi L, Maurer LH, Baranzelli J, Emanuelli T, Burger ME. INTERESTERIFIED FAT MATERNAL CONSUMPTION BEFORE CONCEPTION PROGRAMMS MEMORY AND LEARNING OF ADULTHOOD OFFSPRING: how big is this deleterious repercussion? Toxicol Lett 2022; 361:10-20. [PMID: 35301046 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interesterified fat (IF) has largely replaced trans fat in industrialized food. Studies of our research group showed that IF consumption may not be safe for central nervous system (CNS) functions. Our current aim was to evaluate IF maternal consumption before conception on cognitive performance of adult rat offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed with standard chow plus 20% soybean and fish oil mix (control group) or plus 20% IF from weaning until adulthood (before mating), when the diets were replaced by standard chow only. Following the gestation and pups' development, locomotion and memory performance followed by neurotrophin immunocontent and fatty acids (FA) profile in the hippocampus of the adulthood male offspring were quantified. Maternal IF consumption before conception decreased hippocampal palmitoleic acid incorporation, proBDNF and BDNF levels, decreasing both exploratory activity and memory performance in adult offspring. Considering that, the adult male offspring did not consume IF directly, further studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and if the IF maternal preconception consumption could induce the epigenetic changes observed here. Our outcomes reinforce an immediate necessity to monitor and / or question the replacement of trans fat by IF with further studies involving CNS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Ferraz D'avila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Trevizol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Vinícia Garzella Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura Milanesi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Haselein Maurer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Baranzelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
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57
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Cramer T, Gill R, Thirouin ZS, Vaas M, Sampath S, Martineau F, Noya SB, Panzanelli P, Sudharshan TJJ, Colameo D, Chang PKY, Wu PY, Shi R, Barker PA, Brown SA, Paolicelli RC, Klohs J, McKinney RA, Tyagarajan SK. Cross-talk between GABAergic postsynapse and microglia regulate synapse loss after brain ischemia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj0112. [PMID: 35245123 PMCID: PMC8896802 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microglia interact with neurons to facilitate synapse plasticity; however, signal(s) contributing to microglia activation for synapse elimination in pathology are not fully understood. Here, using in vitro organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in genetically engineered mice in vivo, we report that at 24 hours after ischemia, microglia release brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to downregulate glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses within the peri-infarct area. Analysis of the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) in vitro shows that proBDNF and mBDNF downregulate glutamatergic dendritic spines and gephyrin scaffold stability through p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors, respectively. After MCAO, we report that in the peri-infarct area and in the corresponding contralateral hemisphere, similar neuroplasticity occurs through microglia activation and gephyrin phosphorylation at serine-268 and serine-270 in vivo. Targeted deletion of the Bdnf gene in microglia or GphnS268A/S270A (phospho-null) point mutations protects against ischemic brain damage, neuroinflammation, and synapse downregulation after MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raminder Gill
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3649 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Zahra S. Thirouin
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G1A4, Canada
| | - Markus Vaas
- Clinical Trials Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100/MOU2, CH 8044 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Suchita Sampath
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Martineau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, CH 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara B. Noya
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tania J. J. Sudharshan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Colameo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip K.-Y. Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3649 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Pei You Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3649 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Roy Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3649 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Philip A. Barker
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, ASC 413, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Steven A. Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rosa C. Paolicelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, CH 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Anne McKinney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3649 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
- Corresponding author. (S.K.T.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Shiva K. Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3649 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
- Corresponding author. (S.K.T.); (R.A.M.)
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58
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Fading memories in aging and neurodegeneration: Is p75 neurotrophin receptor a culprit? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101567. [PMID: 35051645 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases have become one of the major concerns in modern times as cognitive abilities tend to decline when we get older. It is well known that the main cause of this age-related cognitive deficit is due to aberrant changes in cellular, molecular circuitry and signaling pathways underlying synaptic plasticity and neuronal connections. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is one of the important mediators regulating the fate of the neurons in the nervous system. Its importance in neuronal apoptosis is well documented. However, the mechanisms involving the regulation of p75NTR in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function remain obscure, although cognitive impairment has been associated with a higher expression of p75NTR in neurons. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of how neurons are influenced by p75NTR function to maintain normal neuronal synaptic strength and connectivity, particularly to support learning and memory in the hippocampus. We then discuss the age-associated alterations in neurophysiological mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Furthermore, we also describe current evidence that has begun to elucidate how p75NTR regulates synaptic changes in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the hippocampus. Elucidating the role that p75NTR signaling plays in regulating synaptic plasticity will contribute to a better understanding of cognitive processes and pathological conditions. This will in turn provide novel approaches to improve therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases in which p75NTR dysfunction has been demonstrated.
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Duarte-Silva E, Oriá AC, Mendonça IP, de Melo MG, Paiva IHR, Maes M, Joca SRL, Peixoto CA. TINY IN SIZE, BIG IN IMPACT: EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AS MODULATORS OF MOOD, ANXIETY AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104582. [PMID: 35182538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are tiny vesicles used by cells as means of cellular communication, through which the function and state of a given cell can be changed. A body of evidence has suggested that EVs could be culprits in the development and progression of various types of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Unsurprisingly, EVs have also been implicate in mood, anxiety and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder and Autism-Spectrum Disorder (ASD), respectively. Here, we review the state-of-art regarding the roles of EVs in the aforementioned diseases and focus on the mechanisms by which they can cause and worsen disease. Harnessing the knowledge of EVs is not only important to deliver different cargos to cells in a specific manner to treat these diseases, but also to establish reliable disease biomarkers, which will aid in the early disease diagnosis and treatment, increasing the chance of successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Ingrid Prata Mendonça
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Michel Gomes de Melo
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Igor Henrique R Paiva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM, CNPq), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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60
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Renna P, Ripoli C, Dagliyan O, Pastore F, Rinaudo M, Re A, Paciello F, Grassi C. Engineering a switchable single‐chain
TEV
protease to control protein maturation in living neurons. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10292. [PMID: 35600650 PMCID: PMC9115699 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered proteases are promising tools to address physiological and pathophysiological questions as well as to develop new therapeutic approaches. Here we introduce a new genetically encoded engineered single‐chain tobacco etch virus protease, allowing to control proprotein cleavage in different compartments of living mammalian cells. We demonstrated a set of controllable proteolytic effects, including cytosolic protein cleavage, inducible gene expression, and maturation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the secretory pathway thus showing the versatility of this technique. Of note, the secretory pathway exhibits different characteristics from the cytosol and it is difficult to target because inaccessible to some small molecules. We were able to induce ligand‐mediated BDNF maturation and monitor its effects on dendritic spines in hippocampal pyramidal cells and in the mouse brain. This strategy paves the way to dissect proteolytic cleavage product signaling in various processes as well as for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Renna
- Department of Neuroscience Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Department of Neuroscience Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Neurobiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Francesco Pastore
- Department of Neuroscience Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Marco Rinaudo
- Department of Neuroscience Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Agnese Re
- Department of Neuroscience Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome Italy
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Cade S, Zhou XF, Bobrovskaya L. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR in age-related brain atrophy and the transition to Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:515-529. [PMID: 34982865 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that is potentially mediated by synaptic dysfunction before the onset of cognitive impairments. The disease mostly affects elderly people and there is currently no therapeutic which halts its progression. One therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease is to regenerate lost synapses by targeting mechanisms involved in synaptic plasticity. This strategy has led to promising drug candidates in clinical trials, but further progress needs to be made. An unresolved problem of Alzheimer's disease is to identify the molecular mechanisms that render the aged brain susceptible to synaptic dysfunction. Understanding this susceptibility may identify drug targets which could halt, or even reverse, the disease's progression. Brain derived neurotrophic factor is a neurotrophin expressed in the brain previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease due to its involvement in synaptic plasticity. Low levels of the protein increase susceptibility to the disease and post-mortem studies consistently show reductions in its expression. A desirable therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease is to stimulate the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and potentially regenerate lost synapses. However, synthesis and secretion of the protein are regulated by complex activity-dependent mechanisms within neurons, which makes this approach challenging. Moreover, the protein is synthesised as a precursor which exerts the opposite effect of its mature form through the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. This review will evaluate current evidence on how age-related alterations in the synthesis, processing and signalling of brain derived neurotrophic factor may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Cade
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Pleiotropic effects of BDNF on the cerebellum and hippocampus: Implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 163:105606. [PMID: 34974125 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most studied neurotrophins in the mammalian brain, essential not only to the development of the central nervous system but also to synaptic plasticity. BDNF is present in various brain areas, but highest levels of expression are seen in the cerebellum and hippocampus. After birth, BDNF acts in the cerebellum as a mitogenic and chemotactic factor, stimulating the cerebellar granule cell precursors to proliferate, migrate and maturate, while in the hippocampus BDNF plays a fundamental role in synaptic transmission and plasticity, representing a key regulator for the long-term potentiation, learning and memory. Furthermore, the expression of BDNF is highly regulated and changes of its expression are associated with both physiological and pathological conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the BDNF biology and its neurotrophic role in the proper development and functioning of neurons and synapses in two important brain areas of postnatal neurogenesis, the cerebellum and hippocampus. Dysregulation of BDNF expression and signaling, resulting in alterations in neuronal maturation and plasticity in both systems, is a common hallmark of several neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder, suggesting that neuronal malfunction present in these disorders is the result of excessive or reduced of BDNF support. We believe that the more the relevance of the pathophysiological actions of BDNF, and its downstream signals, in early postnatal development will be highlighted, the more likely it is that new neuroprotective therapeutic strategies will be identified in the treatment of various neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Treble-Barna A, Wade SL, Pilipenko V, Martin LJ, Yeates KO, Taylor HG, Kurowski BG. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met and Behavioral Adjustment after Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:114-121. [PMID: 33605167 PMCID: PMC8785712 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the differential effect of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism on behavioral adjustment in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to children with orthopedic injury (OI). Participants were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal study of children who sustained a TBI (n = 69) or OI (n = 72) between 3 and 7 years of age. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at the immediate post-acute period, 6, 12, and 18 months after injury, and an average of 3.5 and 7 years after injury. Longitudinal mixed models examined the BDNF Val66Met allele status (Met carriers vs. Val/Val homozygotes) × injury group (TBI vs. OI) interaction in association with behavioral adjustment. After adjusting for continental ancestry, socioeconomic status, time post-injury, and pre-injury functioning, the allele status × injury group interaction was statistically significant for Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Behavior problems. Post hoc within-group analysis suggested a consistent trend of poorer behavioral adjustment in Met carriers relative to Val/Val homozygotes in the TBI group; in contrast, the opposite trend was observed in the OI group. These within-group differences, however, did not reach statistical significance. The results support a differential effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on behavioral adjustment in children with early TBI relative to OI, and suggest that the Met allele associated with reduced activity-dependent secretion of BDNF may impart risk for poorer long-term behavioral adjustment in children with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amery Treble-Barna
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shari L. Wade
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Valentina Pilipenko
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H. Gerry Taylor
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brad G. Kurowski
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Aby K, Antony R, Eichholz M, Srinivasan R, Li Y. Enhanced pro-BDNF-p75NTR pathway activity in denervated skeletal muscle. Life Sci 2021; 286:120067. [PMID: 34678261 PMCID: PMC8595791 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the related receptors TrkB and p75NTR are expressed in skeletal muscle, yet their functions remain to be fully understood. Skeletal muscle denervation, which occurs in spinal injury, peripheral neuropathies, and aging, negatively affects muscle mass and function. In this study, we wanted to understand the role of BDNF, TrkB, and p75NTR in denervation-induced adverse effects on skeletal muscle. MAIN METHODS Mice with unilateral sciatic denervation were used. Protein levels of pro- and mature BDNF, TrkB, p75NTR, activations of their downstream signaling pathways, and inflammation in the control and denervated muscle were measured with Western blot and tissue staining. Treatment with a p75NTR inhibitor and BDNF skeletal muscle specific knockout in mice were used to examine the role of p75NTR and pro-BDNF. KEY FINDINGS In denervated muscle, pro-BDNF and p75NTR were significantly upregulated, and JNK and NF-kB, two major downstream signaling pathways of p75NTR, were activated, along with muscle atrophy and inflammation. Inhibition of p75NTR using LM11A-31 significantly reduced JNK activation and inflammatory cytokines in the denervated muscle. Moreover, skeletal muscle specific knockout of BDNF reduced pro-BDNF level, JNK activation and inflammation in the denervated muscle. SIGNIFICANCE These results reveal for the first time that the upregulation of pro-BDNF and activation of p75NTR pathway are involved in denervation-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle. The results suggest that inhibition of pro-BDNF-p75NTR pathway can be a new target to treat skeletal muscle inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Aby
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Ryan Antony
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Mary Eichholz
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Rekha Srinivasan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Yifan Li
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
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Roy N, Parhar I. Habenula orphan G-protein coupled receptors in the pathophysiology of fear and anxiety. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:870-883. [PMID: 34801259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The phasic emotion, fear, and the tonic emotion, anxiety, have been conventionally inspected in clinical frameworks to epitomize memory acquisition, storage, and retrieval. However, inappropriate expression of learned fear in a safe environment and its resistance to suppression is a cardinal feature of various fear-related disorders. A significant body of literature suggests the involvement of extra-amygdala circuitry in fear disorders. Consistent with this view, the present review underlies incentives for the association between the habenula and fear memory. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important to understand the molecular mechanisms central to fear learning due to their neuromodulatory role. The efficacy of a pharmacological strategy aimed at exploiting habenular-GPCR desensitization machinery can serve as a therapeutic target combating the pathophysiology of fear disorders. Originating from this milieu, the conserved nature of orphan GPCRs in the brain, with some having the highest expression in the habenula can lead to recent endeavors in understanding its functionality in fear circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Roy
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zhang D, Zhao S, Zhang Z, Xu D, Lian D, Wu J, He D, Sun K, Li L. Regulation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor attenuates neuroinflammation and stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis in experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:253. [PMID: 34727939 PMCID: PMC8561879 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis is a destructive central nervous system (CNS) infection with acute and long-term neurological disorders. Previous studies suggest that p75NTR signaling influences cell survival, apoptosis, and proliferation in brain-injured conditions. However, the role of p75NTR signaling in regulating pneumococcal meningitis (PM)-induced neuroinflammation and altered neurogenesis remains largely to be elucidated. Methods p75NTR signaling activation in the pathological process of PM was assessed. During acute PM, a small-molecule p75NTR modulator LM11A-31 or vehicle was intranasally administered for 3 days prior to S. pneumoniae exposure. At 24 h post-infection, clinical severity, histopathology, astrocytes/microglia activation, neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, inflammation-related transcription factors and proinflammatory cytokines/mediators were evaluated. Additionally, p75NTR was knocked down by the adenovirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) to ascertain the role of p75NTR in PM. During long-term PM, the intranasal administration of LM11A-31 or vehicle was continued for 7 days after successfully establishing the PM model. Dynamic changes in inflammation and hippocampal neurogenesis were assessed. Results Our results revealed that both 24 h (acute) and 7, 14, 28 day (long-term) groups of infected rats showed increased p75NTR expression in the brain. During acute PM, modulation of p75NTR through pretreatment of PM model with LM11A-31 significantly alleviated S. pneumoniae-induced clinical severity, histopathological injury and the activation of astrocytes and microglia. LM11A-31 pretreatment also significantly ameliorated neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, we found that blocking p75NTR with LM11A-31 decreased the expression of inflammation-related transcription factors (NF-κBp65, C/EBPβ) and proinflammatory cytokines/mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS). Furthermore, p75NTR knockdown induced significant changes in histopathology and inflammation-related transcription factors expression. Importantly, long-term LM11A-31 treatment accelerated the resolution of PM-induced inflammation and significantly improved hippocampal neurogenesis. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the p75NTR signaling plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of PM. Targeting p75NTR has beneficial effects on PM rats by alleviating neuroinflammation and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, the p75NTR signaling may be a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcome of PM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02294-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Di Lian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dake He
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Fyk-Kolodziej BE, Mueller PJ. Sedentary Conditions Promote Subregionally Specific Changes in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla. Front Physiol 2021; 12:756542. [PMID: 34721079 PMCID: PMC8548431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.756542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is the top preventable cause of death and accounts for substantial socioeconomic costs to society. The rostral ventrolateral medulla regulates blood pressure under normal and pathophysiological states, and demonstrates inactivity-related structural and functional neuroplasticity, which is subregionally specific. The purpose of this study was to examine pro- and mature forms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and their respective receptors in the male rat rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and its rostral extension following sedentary vs. active (running wheels) conditions (10–12weeks). We used subregionally specific Western blotting to determine that the mature form of BDNF and its ratio to its pro-form were lower in more caudal subregions of the rostral ventrolateral medulla of sedentary rats but higher in the rostral extension when both were compared to active rats. The full-length form of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor and the non-glycosylated form of the 75 kilodalton neurotrophin receptor were lower in sedentary compared to active rats. The rostrocaudal patterns of expression of the mature form of BDNF and the full-length form of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor were remarkably similar to the subregionally specific patterns of enhanced dendritic branching, neuronal activity, and glutamate-mediated increases in sympathetic nerve activity observed in previous studies performed in sedentary rats. Our studies suggest signaling pathways related to BDNF within subregions of both the rostral ventrolateral medulla and its rostral extension contribute to cardiovascular disease and premature death related to a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena E Fyk-Kolodziej
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Patrick J Mueller
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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68
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Begenisic T, Pavese C, Aiachini B, Nardone A, Rossi D. Dynamics of biomarkers across the stages of traumatic spinal cord injury - implications for neural plasticity and repair. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:339-366. [PMID: 34657853 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex medical condition causing significant physical disability and psychological distress. While the adult spinal cord is characterized by poor regenerative potential, some recovery of neurological function is still possible through activation of neural plasticity mechanisms. We still have limited knowledge about the activation of these mechanisms in the different stages after human SCI. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discuss the potential role of biomarkers of SCI as indicators of the plasticity mechanisms at work during the different phases of SCI. METHODS An extensive review of literature related to SCI pathophysiology, neural plasticity and humoral biomarkers was conducted by consulting the PubMed database. Research and review articles from SCI animal models and SCI clinical trials published in English until January 2021 were reviewed. The selection of candidates for humoral biomarkers of plasticity after SCI was based on the following criteria: 1) strong evidence supporting involvement in neural plasticity (mandatory); 2) evidence supporting altered expression after SCI (optional). RESULTS Based on selected findings, we identified two main groups of potential humoral biomarkers of neural plasticity after SCI: 1) neurotrophic factors including: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Nerve growth factor (NGF), Neurotrofin-3 (NT-3), and Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); 2) other factors including: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), and MicroRNAs (miRNAs). Plasticity changes associated with these biomarkers often can be both adaptive (promoting functional improvement) and maladaptive. This dual role seems to be influenced by their concentrations and time-window during SCI. CONCLUSIONS Further studies of dynamics of biomarkers across the stages of SCI are necessary to elucidate the way in which they reflect the remodeling of neural pathways. A better knowledge about the mechanisms underlying plasticity could guide the selection of more appropriate therapeutic strategies to enhance positive spinal network reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Begenisic
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavese
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aiachini
- Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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Yesilkaya UH, Gica S, Guney Tasdemir B, Ozkara Menekseoglu P, Cirakli Z, Karamustafalioglu N. A novel commentary: Investigation of the role of a balance between neurotrophic and apoptotic proteins in the pathogenesis of psychosis via the tPA-BDNF pathway. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:160-166. [PMID: 34359010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many hypotheses have put forward to better understand the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ), such as synaptic pruning, stress-diathesis, neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration and neurotransmitter hypothesis; nonetheless, this pathogenesis still remains a mystery. The current study was designed with the hypothesis that impairment of a balance between pro-BDNF/mature BDNF and their receptors p75NTRK/TrkB may cause synaptic pruning in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders. METHODS Sixty-five drug-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) who applied to outpatient clinics and were diagnosed according to DSM-5 as well as 65 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. Symptoms at the time of evaluation were assessed with the PANSS scale by an experienced psychiatrist. Blood samples were collected from all participants to determine BDNF, pro-BDNF, TrkB and p75NTR, PAI1, tPA, ACTH and cortisol levels. RESULTS Mature BDNF, TrkB and PAI-1, tPA levels were significantly lower while the levels of ACTH and cortisol were significantly higher in FEP patients compared to HC. No significant difference was found in pro-BDNF and p75NTR levels between the two independent groups. The pro-BDNF/mature BDNF and the p75NTR/TrkB ratios were significantly higher in FEP patients compared to HC. Moreover, the pro-BDNF/mature BDNF and the p75NTR/TrkB ratios were found to be significantly associated with the pathogenesis of SZ in a hierarchical regression model. DISCUSSION Imbalance between neurotrophic and apoptotic proteins such as pro-BDNF/mature BDNF and p75NTR/TrkB may be take part pathogenesis of synaptic pruning in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Haluk Yesilkaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sakir Gica
- Department of Psychiatry, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Busra Guney Tasdemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Ozkara Menekseoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Cirakli
- Department of Biochemistry Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Karamustafalioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Buck JM, Yu L, Knopik VS, Stitzel JA. DNA methylome perturbations: an epigenetic basis for the emergingly heritable neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal smoking and maternal nicotine exposure†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:644-666. [PMID: 34270696 PMCID: PMC8444709 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an ensemble of neurodevelopmental consequences in children and therefore constitutes a pressing public health concern. Adding to this burden, contemporary epidemiological and especially animal model research suggests that grandmaternal smoking is similarly associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities in grandchildren, indicative of intergenerational transmission of the neurodevelopmental impacts of maternal smoking. Probing the mechanistic bases of neurodevelopmental anomalies in the children of maternal smokers and the intergenerational transmission thereof, emerging research intimates that epigenetic changes, namely DNA methylome perturbations, are key factors. Altogether, these findings warrant future research to fully elucidate the etiology of neurodevelopmental impairments in the children and grandchildren of maternal smokers and underscore the clear potential thereof to benefit public health by informing the development and implementation of preventative measures, prophylactics, and treatments. To this end, the present review aims to encapsulate the burgeoning evidence linking maternal smoking to intergenerational epigenetic inheritance of neurodevelopmental abnormalities, to identify the strengths and weaknesses thereof, and to highlight areas of emphasis for future human and animal model research therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Vitamin B 12-folic acid supplementation regulates neuronal immediate early gene expression and improves hippocampal dendritic arborization and memory in old male mice. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105181. [PMID: 34509560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As the relationship among diet, brain aging and memory is complex, it provides ample opportunity for research in multiple directions including behaviour, epigenetics and neuroplasticity. Nutritional deficiencies together with genetic and environmental factors are the major cause of many age-associated pathologies including memory loss. A compromised vitamin B12-folate status in older people is highly prevalent worldwide. Researchers have established a close association between the adequate level of B12-folate and the maintenance of cognitive brain functions. One of the main reasons for age-associated memory loss is downregulation of neuronal immediate early genes (nIEGs). Therefore, we hypothesize here that vitamin B12-folic acid supplementation in old mice can improve memory by altering the expression status of nIEGs. To check this, 72-week-old male Swiss albino mice were orally administered with 2 μg of vitamin B12 and 22 μg of folic acid/mouse/day for eight weeks. Such supplementation improved recognition memory in old and altered the expression of nIEGs. The expression of nIEGs was further found to be regulated by changes in DNA methylation at their promoter regions and CREB phosphorylation (pCREB). In addition, Golgi-Cox staining showed significant improvement in dendritic length, number of branching points and spine density of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by B12-folic acid supplementation. Taken together, these findings suggest that vitamin B12-folic acid supplementation regulates nIEGs expression and improves dendritic arborization of hippocampal neurons and memory in old male mice.
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Wang J, Anastasia A, Bains H, Giza JI, Clossey DG, Deng J, Neubert TA, Rice WJ, Lee FS, Hempstead BL, Bracken C. Zinc induced structural changes in the intrinsically disordered BDNF Met prodomain confer synaptic elimination. Metallomics 2021; 12:1208-1219. [PMID: 32744273 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) encodes a protein product consisting of a C-terminal mature domain (mature BDNF) and an N-terminal prodomain, which is an intrinsically disordered protein. A common single nucleotide polymorphism in humans results in a methionine substitution for valine at position 66 of the prodomain, and is associated with memory deficits, depression and anxiety disorders. The BDNF Met66 prodomain, but not the Val66 prodomain, promotes rapid structural remodeling of hippocampal neurons' growth cones and dendritic spines by interacting directly with the SorCS2 receptor. While it has been reported that the Met66 and Val66 prodomains exhibit only modest differences in structural propensities in the apo state, here we show that Val66 and Met66 prodomains differentially bind zinc (Zn). Zn2+ binds with higher affinity and more broadly impacts residues on the Met66 prodomain compared to the Val66 prodomain as shown by NMR and ITC. Zn2+ binding to the Met66 and Val66 prodomains results in distinct conformational and macroscopic differences observed by NMR, light scattering and cryoEM. To determine if Zn2+ mediated conformational change in the Met66 prodomain is required for biological effect, we mutated His40, a Zn2+ binding site, and observed a loss of Met66 prodomain bioactivity. As the His40 site is distant from the known region of the prodomain involved in receptor binding, we suggest that Met66 prodomain bioactivity involves His40 mediated stabilization of the multimeric structure. Our results point to the necessity of a Zn2+-mediated higher order molecular assembly of the Met66 prodomain to mediate neuronal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, New York, NY, USA.
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In vivo functions of p75 NTR: challenges and opportunities for an emerging therapeutic target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:772-788. [PMID: 34334250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) functions at the molecular nexus of cell death, survival, and differentiation. In addition to its contribution to neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system injuries, recent studies have revealed unanticipated roles of p75NTR in liver repair, fibrinolysis, lung fibrosis, muscle regeneration, and metabolism. Linking these various p75NTR functions more precisely to specific mechanisms marks p75NTR as an emerging candidate for therapeutic intervention in a wide range of disorders. Indeed, small molecule inhibitors of p75NTR binding to neurotrophins have shown efficacy in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegeneration. Here, we outline recent advances in understanding p75NTR pleiotropic functions in vivo, and propose an integrated view of p75NTR and its challenges and opportunities as a pharmacological target.
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Cui YH, Zhou SF, Liu Y, Wang S, Li F, Dai RP, Hu ZL, Li CQ. Injection of Anti-proBDNF Attenuates Hippocampal-Dependent Learning and Memory Dysfunction in Mice With Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665757. [PMID: 34354558 PMCID: PMC8329425 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a risk factor for cognitive and memory dysfunction; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was reported to have a positive effect on cognition and emotion regulation, but the study of its precursor, proBDNF, has been limited. This study aimed to elucidate the effects and associated mechanisms of hippocampal proBDNF in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SAE mouse model. In this study, we found that the mice exhibited cognitive dysfunction on day 7 after LPS injection. The expression of proBDNF and its receptor, p75NTR, was also increased in the hippocampus, while the levels of BDNF and its receptor, TrkB, were decreased. A co-localization study showed that proBDNF and p75NTR were mainly co-localized with neurons. Furthermore, LPS treatment reduced the expression of NeuN, Nissl bodies, GluR4, NR1, NR2A, and NR2B in the hippocampus of SAE mice. Furthermore, an intrahippocampal or intraperitoneal injection of anti-proBDNF antibody was able to ameliorate LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction and restore the expression of NeuN, Nissl bodies, GluR4, NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and PSD95. These results indicated that treatment with brain delivery by an intrahippocampal and systemic injection of mAb-proBDNF may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for treating patients with SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Cui
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Fen Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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75
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Arutjunyan AV, Kerkeshko GO, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Zalozniaia IV. Prenatal Stress in Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia: Impairments in the Fetal Nervous System Development and Placental Function. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:716-728. [PMID: 34225594 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The article presents current views on maternal hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) as an important factor causing prenatal stress and impaired nervous system development in fetuses and newborns in early ontogenesis, as well as complications in adulthood. Experimental data demonstrate that prenatal HHcy (PHHcy) affects the morphological maturation of the brain and activity of its neurotransmitter systems. Cognitive deficit observed in the offspring subjected to PHHcy in experimental studies can presumably cause the predisposition to various neurodegenerative diseases, as the role of maternal HHcy in the pathogenesis such diseases has been proven in clinical studies. The review also discusses molecular mechanisms of the HHcy neurotoxic action on the nervous system development in the prenatal and early postnatal periods, which include oxidative stress, apoptosis activation, changes in the DNA methylation patterns and microRNA levels, altered expression and processing of neurotrophins, and neuroinflammation induced by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Special attention is given to the maternal HHcy impact on the placenta function and its possible contribution to the brain function impairments in the offspring. Published data suggest that some effects of PHHcy on the developing fetal brain can be due to the disturbances in the transport functions of the placenta resulting in an insufficient supply of nutrients necessary for the proper formation and functioning of brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Arutjunyan
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia. .,St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Gleb O Kerkeshko
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Yuliya P Milyutina
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasiia D Shcherbitskaia
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 104223, Russia
| | - Irina V Zalozniaia
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Sun W, Cheng H, Yang Y, Tang D, Li X, An L. Requirements of Postnatal proBDNF in the Hippocampus for Spatial Memory Consolidation and Neural Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678182. [PMID: 34336832 PMCID: PMC8319730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream signaling pathways have been implicated in regulating postnatal development and functioning of rodent brain. However, the biological role of its precursor pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) in the postnatal brain remains unknown. The expression of hippocampal proBDNF was blocked in postnatal weeks, and multiple behavioral tests, Western blot and morphological techniques, and neural recordings were employed to investigate how proBDNF played a role in spatial cognition in adults. The peak expression and its crucial effects were found in the fourth but not in the second or eighth postnatal week. Blocking proBDNF expression disrupted spatial memory consolidation rather than learning or memory retrieval. Structurally, blocking proBDNF led to the reduction in spine density and proportion of mature spines. Although blocking proBDNF did not affect N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunits, the learning-induced phosphorylation of the GluN2B subunit level declined significantly. Functionally, paired-pulse facilitation, post-low-frequency stimulation (LFS) transiently enhanced depression, and GluN2B-dependent short-lasting long-term depression in the Schaffer collateral-CA1 pathway were weakened. The firing rate of pyramidal neurons was significantly suppressed around the target region during the memory test. Furthermore, the activation of GluN2B-mediated signaling could effectively facilitate neural function and mitigate memory impairment. The findings were consistent with the hypothesis that postnatal proBDNF played an essential role in synaptic and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Department of Neurology, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongxin Tang
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lei An
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Department of Neurology, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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77
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Ohto A, Mizoguchi Y, Imamura Y, Kojima N, Yamada S, Monji A. No association of both serum pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) and BDNF concentrations with depressive state in community-dwelling elderly people. Psychogeriatrics 2021; 21:503-513. [PMID: 33878808 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in emotional and cognitive function. Low-BDNF levels occur in patients with depression, while proBDNF, a precursor of BDNF with the opposite physiological function, increases in major depression. However, it is unclear whether BDNF and proBDNF are associated with depression in the elderly. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum proBDNF and BDNF are associated with depressive state in community-dwelling elderly people. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kurogawa-cho Imari, Saga Prefecture, Japan, in people aged ≥65 years. Depressive state was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (Japanese version) (GDS). Of the 274 patients who undertook the GDS, those with a medical history affecting cognitive function were excluded, as were those with Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥ 24 or a Clinical Dementia Rating < 0.5. Further, we used delayed recall of 'logical memory A' from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (LMII-DR) for memory assessment. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 155 individuals (mean age 75.4 ± 6.8 years; 55 men, mean age 74.8 ± 5.9 years; 100 women, mean age 76.3 ± 7.1 years). In the GDS, 139 participants showed a normal score (0-4) and 16 showed depressive tendencies or depression (score: ≥ 5). After examining confounders of the GDS, logistic regression using categorical covariates showed a negative significant difference between depressive state and serum BDNF in the low-BDNF group only, with a positive correlation in the trend test. None of the analyses showed any association between GDS and proBDNF levels. CONCLUSION ProBDNF and BDNF levels seemed not to be associated with depressive state in community-dwelling elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Ohto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshiomi Imamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Institute of Comparative Studies of International Cultures and Societies, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Monji
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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78
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Kirchner JH, Gjorgjieva J. Emergence of local and global synaptic organization on cortical dendrites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4005. [PMID: 34183661 PMCID: PMC8239006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic inputs on cortical dendrites are organized with remarkable subcellular precision at the micron level. This organization emerges during early postnatal development through patterned spontaneous activity and manifests both locally where nearby synapses are significantly correlated, and globally with distance to the soma. We propose a biophysically motivated synaptic plasticity model to dissect the mechanistic origins of this organization during development and elucidate synaptic clustering of different stimulus features in the adult. Our model captures local clustering of orientation in ferret and receptive field overlap in mouse visual cortex based on the receptive field diameter and the cortical magnification of visual space. Including action potential back-propagation explains branch clustering heterogeneity in the ferret and produces a global retinotopy gradient from soma to dendrite in the mouse. Therefore, by combining activity-dependent synaptic competition and species-specific receptive fields, our framework explains different aspects of synaptic organization regarding stimulus features and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H. Kirchner
- grid.419505.c0000 0004 0491 3878Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julijana Gjorgjieva
- grid.419505.c0000 0004 0491 3878Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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79
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Bin Ibrahim MZ, Benoy A, Sajikumar S. Long-term plasticity in the hippocampus: maintaining within and 'tagging' between synapses. FEBS J 2021; 289:2176-2201. [PMID: 34109726 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synapses between neurons are malleable biochemical structures, strengthening and diminishing over time dependent on the type of information they receive. This phenomenon known as synaptic plasticity underlies learning and memory, and its different forms, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), perform varied cognitive roles in reinforcement, relearning and associating memories. Moreover, both LTP and LTD can exist in an early transient form (early-LTP/LTD) or a late persistent form (late-LTP/LTD), which are triggered by different induction protocols, and also differ in their dependence on protein synthesis and the involvement of key molecular players. Beyond homosynaptic modifications, synapses can also interact with one another. This is encapsulated in the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis (STC), where synapses expressing early-LTP/LTD present a 'tag' that can capture the protein synthesis products generated during a temporally proximal late-LTP/LTD induction. This 'tagging' phenomenon forms the framework of synaptic interactions in various conditions and accounts for the cellular basis of the time-dependent associativity of short-lasting and long-lasting memories. All these synaptic modifications take place under controlled neuronal conditions, regulated by subcellular elements such as epigenetic regulation, proteasomal degradation and neuromodulatory signals. Here, we review current understanding of the different forms of synaptic plasticity and its regulatory mechanisms in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory formation. We also discuss expression of plasticity in hippocampal CA2 area, a long-overlooked narrow hippocampal subfield and the behavioural correlate of STC. Lastly, we put forth perspectives for an integrated view of memory representation in synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Bin Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amrita Benoy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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80
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Gascon S, Jann J, Langlois-Blais C, Plourde M, Lavoie C, Faucheux N. Peptides Derived from Growth Factors to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116071. [PMID: 34199883 PMCID: PMC8200100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive neuron losses in memory-related brain structures. The classical features of AD are a dysregulation of the cholinergic system, the accumulation of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Unfortunately, current treatments are unable to cure or even delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as the exogenous administration of neurotrophic factors (e.g., NGF and BDNF) that are deficient or dysregulated in AD. However, their low capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and their exorbitant cost currently limit their use. To overcome these limitations, short peptides mimicking the binding receptor sites of these growth factors have been developed. Such peptides can target selective signaling pathways involved in neuron survival, differentiation, and/or maintenance. This review focuses on growth factors and their derived peptides as potential treatment for AD. It describes (1) the physiological functions of growth factors in the brain, their neuronal signaling pathways, and alteration in AD; (2) the strategies to develop peptides derived from growth factor and their capacity to mimic the role of native proteins; and (3) new advancements and potential in using these molecules as therapeutic treatments for AD, as well as their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Gascon
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Jessica Jann
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Chloé Langlois-Blais
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l’Estrie–Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 1B1, Canada;
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue, N., Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (N.F.); Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 72732) (C.L.); +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 61343) (N.F.)
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue, N., Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (N.F.); Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 72732) (C.L.); +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 61343) (N.F.)
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81
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Garad M, Edelmann E, Leßmann V. Long-term depression at hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapses involves BDNF but is not mediated by p75NTR signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8535. [PMID: 33879805 PMCID: PMC8058084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BDNF plays a crucial role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. It is synthesized as a precursor (proBDNF) that can be proteolytically cleaved to mature BDNF (mBDNF). Previous studies revealed a bidirectional mode of BDNF actions, where long-term potentiation (LTP) was mediated by mBDNF through tropomyosin related kinase (Trk) B receptors whereas long-term depression (LTD) depended on proBDNF/p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) signaling. While most experimental evidence for this BDNF dependence of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus was derived from Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses, much less is known about the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, in particular LTD, at hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) synapses onto CA3 neurons. Since proBDNF and mBDNF are expressed most abundantly at MF-CA3 synapses in the rodent brain and we had shown previously that MF-LTP depends on mBDNF/TrkB signaling, we now explored the role of proBDNF/p75NTR signaling in MF-LTD. Our results show that neither acute nor chronic inhibition of p75NTR signaling impairs MF-LTD, while short-term plasticity, in particular paired-pulse facilitation, at MF-CA3 synapses is affected by a lack of functional p75NTR signaling. Furthermore, MF-CA3 synapses showed normal LTD upon acute inhibition of TrkB receptor signaling. Nonetheless, acute inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of both intracellular and extracellular proBDNF cleavage, impaired MF-LTD. This seems to indicate that LTD at MF-CA3 synapses involves BDNF, however, MF-LTD does not depend on p75NTRs. Altogether, our experiments demonstrate that p75NTR signaling is not warranted for all glutamatergic synapses but rather needs to be checked separately for every synaptic connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machhindra Garad
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elke Edelmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
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82
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Li P, Cheng J, Gu Q, Wang P, Lin Z, Fan Q, Chen J, Wang Z. Intermediation of perceived stress between early trauma and plasma M/P ratio levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. J Affect Disord 2021; 285:105-111. [PMID: 33640860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is to find the correlation among BDNF metabolism, early trauma, and current stress status of OCD patients. As well as to study the BDNF metabolism-stress related pathological mechanism in OCD development. METHODS A total of 140 participants were recruited in this study, including 64 drug-naïve OCD patients (OCDs) and 76 healthy controls (HCs). The clinical data of the subjects were measured using YBOCS, CTQ, and PSS. The plasma mBDNF and proBDNF values were measured by ELISA while the M/P ratio was calculated. RESULTS The mBDNF, proBDNF plasma levels, and M/P ratio of unmedicated OCD individuals decreased evidently comparing with HCs. Also, positive associations were found between PSS and CTQ and between CTQ and M/P ratio. The negative correlation included proBDNF and PSS as well as proBDNF and CTQ. Intermediary analysis generated by SPSS has showed that the perceived stress played a complete mediating role between early trauma and plasma M/P ratio levels, and the mediating effect was 0.043 in non-medication OCD patients. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggested that early trauma experience and stress state work together in regulating BDNF metabolism level in OCD patients. The nucleus accumbens and reward loop are also pivotal in the pathogenesis of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayue Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiumeng Gu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguang Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Mizoguchi Y, Ohgidani M, Haraguchi Y, Murakawa-Hirachi T, Kato TA, Monji A. ProBDNF induces sustained elevation of intracellular Ca 2+ possibly mediated by TRPM7 channels in rodent microglial cells. Glia 2021; 69:1694-1708. [PMID: 33740269 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are intrinsic immune cells that release factors including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and neurotrophins following activation in the brain. Elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i) is important for microglial functions, such as the release of cytokines or NO from activated microglia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin well known for its roles in the activation of microglia. Interestingly, proBDNF, the precursor form of mature BDNF, and mature BDNF elicit opposing neuronal responses in the brain. Mature BDNF induces sustained intracellular Ca2+ elevation through the upregulation of the surface expression of TRPC3 channels in rodent microglial cells. In addition, TRPC3 channels are important for the BDNF-induced suppression of NO production in activated microglia. In this study, we observed that proBDNF and mature BDNF have opposite effects on the relative expression of surface p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ) in rodent microglial cells. ProBDNF induces a sustained elevation of [Ca2+ ]i through binding to the p75NTR , which is possibly mediated by Rac 1 activation and TRPM7 channels in rodent microglial cells. Flow cytometry showed that proBDNF increased the relative surface expression of TRPM7. Although proBDNF did not affect either mRNA expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines or the phagocytic activity, proBDNF potentiates the generation of NO induced by IFN-γ and TRPM7 channels could be involved in the proBDNF-induced potentiation of IFN-γ-mediated production of NO. We show direct evidence that rodent microglial cells are able to respond to proBDNF, which might be important for the regulation of inflammatory responses in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Integrative Anatomy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Monji
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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84
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Taghizadeh M, Maghsoudi N, Manaheji H, Akparov V, Baniasadi M, Mohammadi M, Danyali S, Ghasemi R, Zaringhalam J. Noopept; a nootropic dipeptide, modulates persistent inflammation by effecting spinal microglia dependent Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF expression throughout apoptotic process. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06219. [PMID: 33644478 PMCID: PMC7895721 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are largely unknown associations between changes in pain behavior responses during persistent peripheral inflammation and spinal cell alteration such as apoptosis. Some evidence suggests that microglia and microglia related mediators play notable roles in induction and maintenance of central nervous system pathologies and inflammatory pain. By considering those relationships and microglia related nootrophic factors, such as the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in CNS, we attempted to assess the relationship between microglia dependent BDNF and its precursor with pain behavior through spinal cell apoptosis as well as the effect of Noopept on this relationship. Persistent peripheral inflammation was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) on day 0. Thermal hyperalgesia, paw edema, microglial activity, microglia dependent BDNF, pro-BDNF expression, and apoptosis were assessed in different experimental groups by confirmed behavioral and molecular methods on days 0, 7, and 21 of the study. Our findings revealed hyperalgesia and spinal cell apoptosis significantly increased during the acute phase of CFA-induced inflammation but was then followed by a decrement in the chronic phase of the study. Aligned with these variations in spinal microglial activity, microglia dependent BDNF significantly increased during the acute phase of CFA-induced inflammation. Our results also indicated that daily administration of Noopept (during 21 days of the study) not only caused a significant decrease in hyperalgesia and microglia dependent BDNF expression but also changed the apoptosis process in relation to microglia activity alteration. It appears that the administration of Noopept can decrease spinal cell apoptosis and hyperalgesia during CFA-induced inflammation due to its direct effects on microglial activity and microglia dependent BDNF and pro-BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Taghizadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Maghsoudi
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA.,Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Manaheji
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valery Akparov
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, 117545, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mansoureh Baniasadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mola Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Danyali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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85
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Yang J, Ma Q, Dincheva I, Giza J, Jing D, Marinic T, Milner TA, Rajadhyaksha A, Lee FS, Hempstead BL. SorCS2 is required for social memory and trafficking of the NMDA receptor. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:927-940. [PMID: 31988435 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Social memory processing requires functional CA2 neurons, however the specific mechanisms that regulate their activity are poorly understood. Here, we document that SorCS2, a member of the family of the Vps10 family of sorting receptors, is highly expressed in pyramidal neurons of CA2, as well as ventral CA1, a circuit implicated in social memory. SorCS2 specifically localizes to the postsynaptic density and endosomes within dendritic spines of CA2 neurons. We have discovered that SorCS2 is a selective regulator of NMDA receptor surface trafficking in hippocampal neurons, without altering AMPA receptor trafficking. In addition, SorCS2 regulates dendritic spine density in CA2 neurons where SorCS2 expression is enriched, but not in dorsal CA1 neurons, which normally express very low levels of this protein. To specifically test the role of SorCS2 in behavior, we generated a novel SorCS2-deficient mouse, and identify a significant social memory deficit, with no change in sociability, olfaction, anxiety, or several hippocampal-dependent behaviors. Mutations in sorCS2 have been associated with bipolar disease, schizophrenia, and attention deficient-hyperactivity disorder, and abnormalities in social memory are core components of these neuropsychiatric conditions. Thus, our findings provide a new mechanism for social memory formation, through regulating synaptic receptor trafficking in pyramidal neurons by SorCS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China. .,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Qian Ma
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Iva Dincheva
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joanna Giza
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College, The City University of New York, 199 Chambers Street N699J, New York, NY, 10007, USA
| | - Deqiang Jing
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tina Marinic
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Barbara L Hempstead
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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86
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Zinc Status Alters Alzheimer's Disease Progression through NLRP3-Dependent Inflammation. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3025-3038. [PMID: 33597269 PMCID: PMC8018890 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1980-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with a dramatically increasing prevalence and no disease-modifying treatment. Inflammatory lifestyle factors increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Zinc deficiency is the most prevalent malnutrition in the world and may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease potentially through enhanced inflammation, although evidence for this is limited. Here we provide epidemiological evidence suggesting that zinc supplementation was associated with reduced risk and slower cognitive decline, in people with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Using the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease fed a control (35 mg/kg zinc) or diet deficient in zinc (3 mg/kg zinc), we determined that zinc deficiency accelerated Alzheimer's-like memory deficits without modifying amyloid β plaque burden in the brains of male mice. The NLRP3-inflammasome complex is one of the most important regulators of inflammation, and we show here that zinc deficiency in immune cells, including microglia, potentiated NLRP3 responses to inflammatory stimuli in vitro, including amyloid oligomers, while zinc supplementation inhibited NLRP3 activation. APP/PS1 mice deficient in NLRP3 were protected against the accelerated cognitive decline with zinc deficiency. Collectively, this research suggests that zinc status is linked to inflammatory reactivity and may be modified in people to reduce the risk and slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alzheimer's disease is a common condition mostly affecting the elderly. Zinc deficiency is also a global problem, especially in the elderly and also in people with Alzheimer's disease. Zinc deficiency contributes to many clinical disorders, including immune dysfunction. Inflammation is known to contribute to the risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease; thus, we hypothesized that zinc status would affect Alzheimer's disease progression. Here we show that zinc supplementation reduced the prevalence and symptomatic decline in people with Alzheimer's disease. In an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, zinc deficiency worsened cognitive decline because of an enhancement in NLRP3-driven inflammation. Overall, our data suggest that zinc status affects Alzheimer's disease progression, and that zinc supplementation could slow the rate of cognitive decline.
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87
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Irollo E, Luchetta J, Ho C, Nash B, Meucci O. Mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4283-4303. [PMID: 33585975 PMCID: PMC8164580 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits in people living with HIV. HAND is still common in patients that take antiretroviral therapies, although they tend to present with less severe symptoms. The continued prevalence of HAND in treated patients is a major therapeutic challenge, as even minor cognitive impairment decreases patient’s quality of life. Therefore, modern HAND research aims to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms that drive cognitive impairment in people with HIV and identify promising molecular pathways and targets that could be exploited therapeutically. Recent studies suggest that HAND in treated patients is at least partially induced by subtle synaptodendritic damage and disruption of neuronal networks in brain areas that mediate learning, memory, and executive functions. Although the causes of subtle neuronal dysfunction are varied, reversing synaptodendritic damage in animal models restores cognitive function and thus highlights a promising therapeutic approach. In this review, we examine evidence of synaptodendritic damage and disrupted neuronal connectivity in HAND from clinical neuroimaging and neuropathology studies and discuss studies in HAND models that define structural and functional impairment of neurotransmission. Then, we report molecular pathways, mechanisms, and comorbidities involved in this neuronal dysfunction, discuss new approaches to reverse neuronal damage, and highlight current gaps in knowledge. Continued research on the manifestation and mechanisms of synaptic injury and network dysfunction in HAND patients and experimental models will be critical if we are to develop safe and effective therapies that reverse subtle neuropathology and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Irollo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jared Luchetta
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Chunta Ho
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Center for Neuroimmunology and CNS Therapeutics, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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88
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Xue Y, Liang H, Yang R, Deng K, Tang M, Zhang M. The role of pro- and mature neurotrophins in the depression. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113162. [PMID: 33549684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors, which can provide nutritional support to neurons and neuronal cells, also played an important role in their proliferation and survival. As signaling molecules, it also mediated the learning, memory and other activities in the brain. The latest study shows that neurotrophic factors have diametrically opposing effects of the pro- and mature form through distinct receptors. In this review, we summarize the different forms of neurotrophic factors, related receptors, and the corresponding biological effects. More importantly, we expounded the physiology and pathology mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in depression. It is hopefully to provide new idea on the relationship of neurotrophic factors and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongyan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Kunhong Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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89
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Wong L, Chong YS, Lin W, Kisiswa L, Sim E, Ibáñez CF, Sajikumar S. Age-related changes in hippocampal-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory mediated by p75 neurotrophin receptor. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13305. [PMID: 33448137 PMCID: PMC7884039 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticity mechanisms in the nervous system that are important for learning and memory are greatly impacted during aging. Notably, hippocampal-dependent long-term plasticity and its associative plasticity, such as synaptic tagging and capture (STC), show considerable age-related decline. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ) is a negative regulator of structural and functional plasticity in the brain and thus represents a potential candidate to mediate age-related alterations. However, the mechanisms by which p75NTR affects synaptic plasticity of aged neuronal networks and ultimately contribute to deficits in cognitive function have not been well characterized. Here, we report that mutant mice lacking the p75NTR were resistant to age-associated changes in long-term plasticity, associative plasticity, and associative memory. Our study shows that p75NTR is responsible for age-dependent disruption of hippocampal homeostatic plasticity by modulating several signaling pathways, including BDNF, MAPK, Arc, and RhoA-ROCK2-LIMK1-cofilin. p75NTR may thus represent an important therapeutic target for limiting the age-related memory and cognitive function deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik‐Wei Wong
- Department of PhysiologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research ProgrammeYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Yee Song Chong
- Department of PhysiologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of PhysiologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Lilian Kisiswa
- Department of PhysiologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Eunice Sim
- Department of PhysiologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Carlos F. Ibáñez
- Department of PhysiologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of PhysiologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research ProgrammeYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
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90
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MMP-9 Signaling Pathways That Engage Rho GTPases in Brain Plasticity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010166. [PMID: 33467671 PMCID: PMC7830260 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been identified as a critical factor affecting synaptic function. It forms a functional scaffold that provides both the structural support and the reservoir of signaling molecules necessary for communication between cellular constituents of the central nervous system (CNS). Among numerous ECM components and modifiers that play a role in the physiological and pathological synaptic plasticity, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has recently emerged as a key molecule. MMP-9 may contribute to the dynamic remodeling of structural and functional plasticity by cleaving ECM components and cell adhesion molecules. Notably, MMP-9 signaling was shown to be indispensable for long-term memory formation that requires synaptic remodeling. The core regulators of the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion are the Rho family of GTPases. These proteins have been implicated in the control of a wide range of cellular processes occurring in brain physiology and pathology. Here, we discuss the contribution of Rho GTPases to MMP-9-dependent signaling pathways in the brain. We also describe how the regulation of Rho GTPases by post-translational modifications (PTMs) can influence these processes.
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91
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Intervention of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Other Neurotrophins in Adult Neurogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1331:95-115. [PMID: 34453295 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74046-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell survival during adult neurogenesis and the modulation of each step, namely, proliferation, lineage differentiation, migration, maturation, and functional integration of the newborn cells into the existing circuitry, is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Transduction of extracellular niche signals triggers the activation of intracellular mechanisms that regulate adult neurogenesis by affecting gene expression. While the intrinsic factors include transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, the extrinsic factors are molecular signals that are present in the neurogenic niche microenvironment. These include morphogens, growth factors, neurotransmitters, and signaling molecules secreted as soluble factors or associated to the extracellular matrix. Among these molecular mechanisms are neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors which have been implicated in the regulation of adult neurogenesis at different levels, with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) being the most studied neurotrophin. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge about the role of neurotrophins in the regulation of adult neurogenesis in both the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ).
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92
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Urbina-Varela R, Soto-Espinoza MI, Vargas R, Quiñones L, Del Campo A. Influence of BDNF Genetic Polymorphisms in the Pathophysiology of Aging-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1513-1526. [PMID: 33269104 PMCID: PMC7673859 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time in history, most of the population has a life expectancy equal or greater than 60 years. By the year 2050, it is expected that the world population in that age range will reach 2000 million, an increase of 900 million with respect to 2015, which poses new challenges for health systems. In this way, it is relevant to analyze the most common diseases associated with the aging process, namely Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson Disease and Type II Diabetes, some of which may have a common genetic component that can be detected before manifesting, in order to delay their progress. Genetic inheritance and epigenetics are factors that could be linked in the development of these pathologies. Some researchers indicate that the BDNF gene is a common factor of these diseases, and apparently some of its polymorphisms favor the progression of them. In this regard, alterations in the level of BDNF expression and secretion, due to polymorphisms, could be linked to the development and/or progression of neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. In this review we will deepen on the different polymorphisms in the BDNF gene and their possible association with age-related pathologies, to open the possibilities of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Urbina-Varela
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Romina Vargas
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Quiñones
- 3Laboratorio de Carcinogenesis Química y Farmacogenética (CQF), Departamento de Oncología Básico-Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
| | - Andrea Del Campo
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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93
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Le Blanc J, Fleury S, Boukhatem I, Bélanger JC, Welman M, Lordkipanidzé M. Platelets Selectively Regulate the Release of BDNF, But Not That of Its Precursor Protein, proBDNF. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575607. [PMID: 33324399 PMCID: PMC7723927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. BDNF has well-established pro-survival effects, whereas its precursor protein, proBDNF, induces apoptosis. Thus, it has been suggested that the proBDNF/BDNF ratio could be an indicator of neuronal health. Access to neurons is, understandably, limited. Because of their similarities, platelets have been put forward as a non-invasive biomarker of neuronal health; indeed, they store large quantities of BDNF and can release it into circulation upon activation, similarly to neurons. However, whether platelets also express the precursor proBDNF protein remains unknown. We therefore sought to characterize proBDNF levels in human platelets and plasma. Methods The presence of proBDNF was assessed by immunoblotting, cell fractionation, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy in washed platelets from 10 healthy volunteers. Platelets from 20 independent healthy volunteers were activated with several classical agonists and the release of BDNF and proBDNF into plasma was quantified by ELISA. Results Platelets expressed detectable levels of proBDNF (21 ± 13 fmol/250 x 106 platelets). ProBDNF expression was mainly localized in the intracellular compartment. The proBDNF to BDNF molar ratio was ~1:5 in platelets and 10:1 in plasma. In stark contrast to the release of BDNF during platelet activation, intraplatelet and plasma concentrations of proBDNF remained stable following stimulation with classical platelet agonists, consistent with non-granular expression. Conclusions Platelets express both the mature and the precursor form of BDNF. Whether the intraplatelet proBDNF to BDNF ratio could be used as a non-invasive biomarker of cognitive health warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Le Blanc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Fleury
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Imane Boukhatem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Bélanger
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Welman
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
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94
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Barbosa AG, Pratesi R, Paz GSC, Dos Santos MAAL, Uenishi RH, Nakano EY, Gandolfi L, Pratesi CB. Assessment of BDNF serum levels as a diagnostic marker in children with autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17348. [PMID: 33060610 PMCID: PMC7566481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a significant increase in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the last decades that cannot be exclusively attributed to better diagnosis and an increase in the communication of new cases. Patients with ASD often show dysregulation of proteins associated with synaptic plasticity, notably brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The objective of the present study was to analyze BDNF serum concentration levels in children with classic forms autism and a healthy control group to determine if there is a correlation between ASD and BDNF serum levels. Forty-nine children with severe classic form of autism, and 37 healthy children were enrolled in the study. Blood samples, from both patients and controls, were collected and BNDF levels from both groups were analyzed. The average BDNF serum concentration level was statistically higher for children with ASD (P < 0.000) compared to the control group. There is little doubt that BDNF plays a role in the pathophysiology of ASD development and evolution, but its brain levels may fluctuate depending on several known and unknown factors. The critical question is not if BDNF levels can be considered a prognostic or diagnostic marker of ASD, but to determine its role in the onset and progression of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Garcia Barbosa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Pratesi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Geysa Stefanne Cutrim Paz
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Alves Leite Dos Santos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Rosa Harumi Uenishi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Y Nakano
- Department of Statistics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lenora Gandolfi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Claudia B Pratesi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
- School of Health Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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95
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Bomba M, Granzotto A, Castelli V, Onofrj M, Lattanzio R, Cimini A, Sensi SL. Exenatide Reverts the High-Fat-Diet-Induced Impairment of BDNF Signaling and Inflammatory Response in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:793-810. [PMID: 31256135 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial condition in which, along with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau-related pathology, the synergistic activity of co-morbidity factors promote the onset and progression of the disease. Epidemiological evidence indicates that glucose intolerance, deficits in insulin secretion, or type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participate in increasing cognitive impairment or dementia risk. Insulin plays a pivotal role in the process as the hormone critically regulates brain functioning. GLP-1, the glucagon-like peptide 1, facilitates insulin signaling, regulates glucose homeostasis, and modulates synaptic plasticity. Exenatide is a synthetic GLP-1 analog employed in T2DM. However, exenatide has also been shown to affect the signaling of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptic plasticity, and cognitive performances in animal models. In this study, we tested whether exenatide exerts neuroprotection in a preclinical AD model set to mimic the clinical complexity of the human disease. We investigated the effects of exenatide treatment in 3xTg-AD mice challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). Endpoints of the study were variations in systemic metabolism, insulin and neurotrophic signaling, neuroinflammation, Aβ and tau pathology, and cognitive performances. Results of the study indicate that exenatide reverts the adverse changes of BDNF signaling and the neuroinflammation status of 3xTg-AD mice undergoing HFD without affecting systemic metabolism or promoting changes in cognitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Bomba
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alberto Granzotto
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Institute for Mind Impairments and Neurological Disorders - iMIND, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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96
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Sadeghmousavi S, Eskian M, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. The effect of insomnia on development of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:289. [PMID: 33023629 PMCID: PMC7542374 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory deficits especially forgetting recent information, recall ability impairment, and loss of time tracking, problem-solving, language, and recognition difficulties. AD is also a globally important health issue but despite all scientific efforts, the treatment of AD is still a challenge. Sleep has important roles in learning and memory consolidation. Studies have shown that sleep deprivation (SD) and insomnia are associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and may have an impact on the symptoms and development. Thus, sleep disorders have decisive effects on AD; this association deserves more attention in research, diagnostics, and treatment, and knowing this relation also can help to prevent AD through screening and proper management of sleep disorders. This study aimed to show the potential role of SD and insomnia in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Sadeghmousavi
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eskian
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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97
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Lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are associated with age-related memory impairment in community-dwelling older adults: the Sefuri study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16442. [PMID: 33020545 PMCID: PMC7536184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)—a member of the neurotrophin family—on cognitive function or dementia are well established in both rodents and human beings. In contrast, little is known about the association of proBDNF—a precursor protein with opposing neuronal effects of BDNF—with cognitive function in non-demented older adults. We analyzed brain magnetic resonance imaging findings of 256 community-dwelling older adults (mean age of 68.4 years). Serum BDNF and proBDNF levels were measured by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, less physical activity, hippocampal atrophy, and lower BDNF levels were independently associated with memory impairment determined by the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. Path analysis based on structural equation modeling indicated that age, sport activity, hippocampal atrophy and BDNF but not proBDNF were individually associated with Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test scores. These findings suggest that impaired BDNF function, in addition to physical inactivity and hippocampal atrophy, is associated with age-related memory impairment. Therefore, BDNF may be a potential target for dementia prevention.
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98
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Zagrebelsky M, Tacke C, Korte M. BDNF signaling during the lifetime of dendritic spines. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:185-199. [PMID: 32537724 PMCID: PMC7529616 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are tiny membrane specialization forming the postsynaptic part of most excitatory synapses. They have been suggested to play a crucial role in regulating synaptic transmission during development and in adult learning processes. Changes in their number, size, and shape are correlated with processes of structural synaptic plasticity and learning and memory and also with neurodegenerative diseases, when spines are lost. Thus, their alterations can correlate with neuronal homeostasis, but also with dysfunction in several neurological disorders characterized by cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is important to understand how different stages in the life of a dendritic spine, including formation, maturation, and plasticity, are strictly regulated. In this context, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), belonging to the NGF-neurotrophin family, is among the most intensively investigated molecule. This review would like to report the current knowledge regarding the role of BDNF in regulating dendritic spine number, structure, and plasticity concentrating especially on its signaling via its two often functionally antagonistic receptors, TrkB and p75NTR. In addition, we point out a series of open points in which, while the role of BDNF signaling is extremely likely conclusive, evidence is still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zagrebelsky
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Spielmannstr 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Tacke
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Spielmannstr 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Spielmannstr 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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99
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Up-regulation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor is an essential mechanism for HIV-gp120 mediated synaptic loss in the striatum. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:371-379. [PMID: 32717404 PMCID: PMC7572812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced synaptodendritic complexity appears to be a key feature in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurological disorder (HAND). Viral proteins, and in particular the envelope protein gp120, play a role in the pathology of synapses. Gp120 has been shown to increase both in vitro and in vivo the proneurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which promotes synaptic simplification through the activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). To provide evidence that p75NTR plays a role in gp120-mediated loss of synapses in vivo, we intercrossed gp120tg mice with p75NTR null mice and used molecular, histological and behavioral analyses to establish a link between p75NTR and gp120-mediated synaptic simplification. Synaptosomes obtained from the striatum of gp120tg mice exhibited a significant increase in p75NTR levels concomitantly to a decrease in synaptic markers such as TrkB and PSD95. Analysis of striatal dendritic spines by Golgi staining revealed that gp120tg mice display a reduced proportion of mushroom-type spines in addition to fewer spines overall, when compared to wild type or gp120tg lacking one or two p75NTR alleles. Moreover, removal of one p75NTR allele in gp120 transgenic mice abolished the gp120-driven impairment on a task of striatal-dependent motor learning. These data indicate that p75NTR could be a key player in HIV-mediated synaptic simplification in the striatum.
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100
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Emili M, Guidi S, Uguagliati B, Giacomini A, Bartesaghi R, Stagni F. Treatment with the flavonoid 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone: a promising strategy for a constellation of body and brain disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:13-50. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1810625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Emili
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Guidi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Uguagliati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Stagni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
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