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Zhao A, Gao L, Chen B, Feng L. Phytoremediation potential of Miscanthus sinensis for mercury-polluted sites and its impacts on soil microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34818-34829. [PMID: 31654309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation potential of Miscanthus sinensis and its impacts on soil microbial community and nutrients were evaluated by pot experiment at soil mercury concentration from 1.48 to 706 mg kg-1. The changes in biomass yield in dry mass, chlorophyll content, and SOD activity indicated Miscanthus sinensis was tolerant to higher levels of soil mercury exposure, and could grow even if at soil mercury up to 706 mg kg-1. Mercury bioconcentration and translocation factors were close to or greater than 1 when exposed to soil mercury up to 183 mg kg-1, demonstrating Miscanthus sinensis a potential phytoremediator for mercury-polluted soils. Miscanthus sinensis planting could significantly improve the diversity and abundance of soil microbial community, but might cause potential loss of soil nitrogen and phosphorus in the early and middle of its growth. In a word, the study indicated Miscanthus sinensis was a promising energy crop linking biofuel production and phytoremediation of mercury-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Gao
- Environmental Convention Implementation Technical Center, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Buqing Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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52
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Li L, Jia Z, Ma H, Bao W, Li X, Tan H, Xu F, Xu H, Li Y. The effect of two different biochars on remediation of Cd-contaminated soil and Cd uptake by Lolium perenne. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2067-2080. [PMID: 30810981 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can be widely used to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soil because of its adsorption capacity. But there are few studies about the effects of biochar on cadmium uptake by plants in soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd). Therefore, an incubation experiment was used to investigate the effects of rice straw biochar (RSBC) and coconut shell biochar (CSBC) on Cd immobilization in contaminated soil and, subsequently, Cd uptake by Lolium perenne. The results showed that the microbial counts and soil enzyme activities were significantly increased by biochar in Cd-contaminated soil, which were consistent with the decrease of the bioavailability of Cd by biochar. HOAc-extractable Cd in soil decreased by 11.3-22.6% in treatments with 5% RSBC and by 7.2-17.1% in treatments with 5% CSBC, respectively, compared to controls. The content of available Cd in biochar treatments was significantly lower than in controls, and these differences were more obvious in treatment groups with 5% biochar. The Cd concentration in L. perenne reduced by 4.47-26.13% with biochar. However, the biomass of L. perenne increased by 1.35-2.38 times after adding biochar amendments. So, Cd uptake by whole L. perenne was augmented by RSBC and CSBC. Accordingly, this work suggests that RSBC and CSBC have the potential to be used as a useful aided phytoremediation technology in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunzhen Li
- Institute of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control of Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Sharma S, Singh AK, Tiwari MK, Uttam KN. Prompt Screening of the Alterations in Biochemical and Mineral Profile of Wheat Plants Treated with Chromium Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence Excited by Synchrotron Radiation. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1656729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - A. K. Singh
- Synchrotron Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India
| | - M. K. Tiwari
- Synchrotron Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India
| | - K. N. Uttam
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Sruthi P, Puthur JT. Characterization of physiochemical and anatomical features associated with enhanced phytostabilization of copper in Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1423-1441. [PMID: 31244328 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient for normal plant metabolism and it is involved in number of physiological processes in plants but at the same time, at concentrations above threshold level, it acts as a potential stress factor. In this study, the phytoremediation potential of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume with respect to Cu was evaluated for the first time. Various physiochemical and anatomical parameters were analyzed in three-month-old healthy plantlets of B. cylindrica on exposure to different concentrations of CuSO4 (0, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 mM)for 20 d. Higher uptake and accumulation of Cu in the roots indicates that the roots are the primary site of Cu accumulation and thus the plant perform as an excluder. Tolerance index values (TI > 60) reveals the phytoremediation potential of this plant. Metabolites are accumulated in plants to cope up with the oxidative damage due to Cu stress. Increased rate of proline and free amino acids content and soluble sugar content especially in leaves of B. cylindrica subjected to CuSO4 contributes toward higher osmolality so as to counter the reduced water transport from roots. Nonenzymatic antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione, and phenolics are the ROS scavenging compounds in the Defense system of B. cylindrica toward higher concentrations of CuSO4, and of these, phenolics accumulation plays greater role in the antioxidative function in B. cylindrica in response to Cu stress. The histochemistry of B. cylindrica revealed the prominent occurrence of star-shaped calcium oxalate crystals when exposed to 0.25 mM CuSO4, and it seems to be a prominent defense mechanism under Cu stress. Also a remarkable finding was the accumulation of Cu in the xylem vessels of plants on exposure of 0.25 mM CuSO4 as compared to control. The infrared spectra were analyzed to compare the functional groups in the phenolics and carbohydrate constituents of control and CuSO4-treated B. cylindrica plantlets and it indicated that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are involved in the Cu binding so as to achieve tolerance to Cu. Thus this study revealed the potential role of B. cylindrica as a promising candidate for phytostabilization of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palliyath Sruthi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
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Speciation and Separation of Trace Quantities of Hexavalent and Trivalent Chromium Species in Aqueous Extract of Wild Leafy Vegetables Using Multistep Pre-concentration Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hechelski M, Louvel B, Dufrénoy P, Ghinet A, Waterlot C. The potential of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to clean up multi-contaminated soils from labile and phytoavailable potentially toxic elements to contribute into a circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17489-17498. [PMID: 31020530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aided phytoremediation was studied for 48 weeks with the aim of reducing extractable and phytoavailable toxic elements and producing potential marketable biomass. In this sense, biomass of ryegrass was produced under greenhouse on two contaminated garden soils that have been amended with two successive additions of phosphates. After the first addition of phosphates, seeds of ryegrass were sown and shoots were harvested twice. A second seedling was performed after carefully mixing the roots from the first production (used as compost), soils and phosphates. Forty-eight weeks after starting the experiments, the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn extracted using the rhizosphere-based method were generally lower than those measured before the addition of phosphates and cultivation (except for Pb and Fe in the most contaminated soil). The concentrations of metals in the shoots of ryegrass from the second production were lower than those from the first (except for Al). The best results were obtained with phosphates and were the most relevant in the lowest contaminated soil, demonstrating that the available metal concentrations have to be taken into account in the management of contaminated soils. In view of the concentration of metals defined as carcinogens, mutagens, and reprotoxics (e.g., Cd, Pb) and those capable to be transformed into Lewis acids (e.g., Zn, Fe), the utilization of ryegrass in the revegetation of contaminated soils and in risk management may be a new production of marketable biomass. The development of phytomanagement in combination with this type of biomass coincided with the view that contaminated soils can still represent a valuable resource that should be used sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hechelski
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Brice Louvel
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pierrick Dufrénoy
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur, 13 rue de Toul, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
- Normandie University, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, BP: 1123, 76600, Le Havre, France
- EA 3221, INC3M CNRS-FR 3038, UFR ST 25 rue Philipe Lebon, Cedex, 76063, Le Havre, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur, 13 rue de Toul, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculté de médecine - Pôle recherche Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Place Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France.
- Equipe Biotechnologie et Gestion des Agents Pathogènes en agriculture (BIOGAP), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France.
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57
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Hassan MU, Chattha MU, Khan I, Chattha MB, Aamer M, Nawaz M, Ali A, Khan MAU, Khan TA. Nickel toxicity in plants: reasons, toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and remediation possibilities-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12673-12688. [PMID: 30924044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a naturally occurring metal, but anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, use of fertilizers, chemicals, and sewage sludge have increased its concentration in the environment up to undesirable levels. Ni is considered to be essential for plant growth at low concentration; however, Ni pollution is increasing in the environment, and therefore, it is important to understand its functional roles and toxic effects on plants. This review emphasizes the environmental sources of Ni, its essentiality, effects, tolerance mechanisms, possible remediation approaches, and research direction that may help in interdisciplinary studies to assess the significance of Ni toxicity. Briefly, Ni affects plant growth both positively and negatively, depending on the concentration present in the growth medium. On the positive side, Ni is essential for normal growth, enzymatic activities (e.g., urease), nitrogen metabolism, iron uptake, and specific metabolic reactions. On the negative side, Ni reduces seed germination, root and shoot growth, biomass accumulation, and final production. Moreover, Ni toxicity also causes chlorosis and necrosis and inhibits various physiological processes (photosynthesis, transpiration) and cause oxidative damage in plants. The threat associated with Ni is increased as Ni concentration increases day by day in the environment, particularly in soils; therefore, it would be hazardous for crop production in the near future. Additionally, the lack of information regarding the mechanisms of Ni tolerance in plants further intensifies this situation. Therefore, future research should be focused on approachable and prominent solutions in order to minimize the entry of Ni into our ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sceinces, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Imran Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- College of Agriculture, Bahadur Campus Layyah, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sceinces, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Tahir Abbas Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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58
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Li L, Long M, Islam F, Farooq MA, Wang J, Mwamba TM, Shou J, Zhou W. Synergistic effects of chromium and copper on photosynthetic inhibition, subcellular distribution, and related gene expression in Brassica napus cultivars. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11827-11845. [PMID: 30820917 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, modern plant physiology focuses on complex behavior of metal co-contaminants in agrosystems. Keeping this in view, the current study was conducted to investigate the response of two Brassica napus cultivars (Zheda 622 and ZS 758) under co-contamination of copper (Cu2+) and chromium (Cr6+) to observe their effects on plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, and subcellular distribution of these metals in leaves and roots. The results showed that exposure to Cu and Cr causes decline in plant growth, including biomass and plant height. Significant decrease in pigment concentration and the photosynthetic activity [photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (E), maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm)] in leaves was also observed. Results of subcellular distribution of metals showed that Cu and Cr were predominantly distributed in cell wall and soluble fraction of roots and leaves. Moreover, Cu and Cr in cellular fractions showed a synergistic accumulation pattern under combined metal stress treatment. Both cultivars showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2•-), and significant modulation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] under Cu/Cr alone or their combined treatments. Similarly, expression levels of defense-related genes, such as BnCat, BnApx, BnPrx, and BnSod, were also generally up-regulated compared with control. Electron micrographs (TEM) of the mesophyll and root tip cells indicated prominent alterations both in cellular and organelle levels. Additionally, Cr was found to be more toxic than Cu but less than their combined effect, as revealed by enhanced production of oxidative stress and a reduction in biomass production and photosynthetic activity. The present results also suggest that cultivar ZS 758 is more resistant to Cu/Cr than Zheda 622, due to better adapted metabolism and maintenance of structural integrity under metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meijuan Long
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad A Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Theodore M Mwamba
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianyao Shou
- Zhuji Municipal Agro-Tech Extension Center, Zhuji, 311800, China.
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Lima LR, Silva HF, Brignoni AS, Silva FG, Camargos LS, Souza LA. Characterization of biomass sorghum for copper phytoremediation: photosynthetic response and possibility as a bioenergy feedstock from contaminated land. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:433-441. [PMID: 30956426 PMCID: PMC6419700 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-00638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to decrease the concentration of toxic metals in contaminated lands, phytoextraction can be suitable considering the use of plant species with high potential for biomass production, such as biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). We assessed a biomass sorghum (BRS716) potential as a copper phytoextractor as well as the physiological stability under this stressful condition. A completely randomized experimental design was used for a greenhouse experiment in which sorghum plants were submitted to a range of Cu2+ concentrations: 2.3, 10.9, 19.6, 30.5, 37.6 and 55.6 mg dm-3. The plant growth was not affected by increasing Cu2+ concentrations, suggesting that this species is tolerant to copper. There was a decrease in photosynthetic rate according to the increase in Cu2+ concentration, but not at a level that could disturb plant metabolism and eventual death. The values obtained for transfer index ranged from 0.62 to 0.11 which evidenced the restriction of Cu2+ transport to the aerial parts. The more Cu2+ available in soil, the smaller the amount of Cu2+ transported to aerial parts of sorghum. So, our results show that biomass sorghum has potential to be used for Cu2+ phytoextraction in concentration of up to 20 mg dm-3. Also, in heavily Cu2+ polluted sites, it can be used to produce biomass for bioenergy purpose, promoting a low rate of Cu2+ extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Rigonato Lima
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano – Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO Brazil
| | - Higor Ferreira Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano – Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO Brazil
| | - Alcindo Souza Brignoni
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano – Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano – Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO Brazil
| | - Liliane Santos Camargos
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Metabolismo Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP Brazil
| | - Lucas Anjos Souza
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano – Campus Rio Verde – Polo de Inovação em Bioenergia e Grãos, Rio Verde, GO Brazil
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Buapet P, Mohammadi NS, Pernice M, Kumar M, Kuzhiumparambil U, Ralph PJ. Excess copper promotes photoinhibition and modulates the expression of antioxidant-related genes in Zostera muelleri. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:91-100. [PMID: 30553148 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants and as such is vital to many metabolic processes. Nevertheless, when present at elevated concentrations, Cu can exert toxic effects on plants by disrupting protein functions and promoting oxidative stress. Due to their proximity to the urbanised estuaries, seagrasses are vulnerable to chemical contamination via industrial runoff, waste discharges and leachates. Zostera muelleri is a common seagrass species that forms habitats in the intertidal areas along the temperate coast of Australia. Previous studies have shown the detrimental effects of Cu exposure on photosynthetic efficiency of Z. muelleri. The present study focuses on the impacts of sublethal Cu exposure on the physiological and molecular responses. By means of a single addition, plants were exposed to 250 and 500 μg Cu L-1 (corresponding to 3.9 and 7.8 μM, respectively) as well as uncontaminated artificial seawater (control) for 7 days. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, measured as the effective quantum yield (ϕPSII), the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were assessed daily, while Cu accumulation in leaf tissue, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of genes involved in antioxidant activities and trace metal binding were determined after 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure. Z. muelleri accumulated Cu in the leaf tissue in a concentration-dependent manner and the bioaccumulation was saturated by day 3. Cu exposure resulted in an acute suppression of ϕPSII and Fv/Fm. These two parameters also showed a concentration- and time-dependent decline. NPQ increased sharply during the first few days before subsequently decreasing towards the end of the experiment. Cu accumulation induced oxidative stress in Z. muelleri as an elevated level of ROS was detected on day 7. Lower Cu concentration promoted an up-regulation of genes encoding Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-sod), ascorbate peroxidase (apx), catalase (cat) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx), whereas no significant change was detected with higher Cu concentration. Exposure to Cu at any concentration failed to induce regulation in the expression level of genes encoding metallothionein type 2 (mt2), metallothionein type 3 (mt3) and cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone (cox17). It is concluded that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters provide timely probe of the status of photosynthetic machinery under Cu stress. In addition, when exposed to a moderate level of Cu, Z. muelleri mitigates any induced oxidative stress by up-regulating transcripts coding for antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimchanok Buapet
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand; Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | | | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
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61
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Amin H, Ahmed Arain B, Abbasi MS, Amin F, Jahangir TM, Soomro NUA. Evaluation of chromium phyto-toxicity, phyto-tolerance, and phyto-accumulation using biofuel plants for effective phytoremediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:352-363. [PMID: 30638047 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1524837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of chromium signifies one of the major threats to soil system. Phytoremediation is a promising technique to reclaim metal-contaminated soil using plants which are capable to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals within in their tissues. The experiment reported in this article was carried out with six biofuel plant species, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Glycine max, Avena sativa, Abelmoschus esculentus, Sesamum indicum and Guizotia abyssinica, were subjected to eight Cr concentrations (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg kg-1 soil) to investigate Cr toxicity, tolerance and accumulation. After 12 weeks of experiment, Cr phytotoxicity on morphological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. For six plant species, seed germination and most of growth parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced under high Cr stress. Chlorophyll contents were also decreased with increased Cr concentrations. Accumulation of Cr was higher in roots than shoot in all studied plants. Significant Cr accumulation was in the order of C. tetragonoloba > A. sativa > A. esculentus > S. indicum > G. max > G. abyssinica. Bioconcentration factor, bioaccumulation coefficient, translocation factor and phytoremdiation ratio suggested that C. tetragonoloba, A. sativa and A. esculentus being more tolerant; having higher Cr accumulation and could be a high efficient plants for reclamation of Cr-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Amin
- a Institute of Plant Sciences , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Basir Ahmed Arain
- a Institute of Plant Sciences , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sadiq Abbasi
- b Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology , Nawabshah , Pakistan
| | - Farah Amin
- c National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Taj Muhammad Jahangir
- d Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Noor-Ul-Ain Soomro
- a Institute of Plant Sciences , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
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Franić M, Galić V. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg: Physiological Implications and Toxicity in Plants. PLANT METALLOMICS AND FUNCTIONAL OMICS 2019:209-251. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19103-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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63
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Mesnoua M, Mateos-Naranjo E, Pérez-Romero JA, Barcia-Piedras JM, Lotmani B, Redondo-Gómez S. Combined effect of Cr-toxicity and temperature rise on physiological and biochemical responses of Atriplex halimus L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:675-682. [PMID: 30145067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of temperature (26 and 30 °C) and Cr toxicity (0, 100 and 1000 μM Cr) on growth, photosynthesis, water content, Cr and nutrients uptake and translocation. The role of antioxidative enzyme towards stresses tolerance was also investigated. Results showed that the maximum relative growth rate and leaf area per plant of Atriplex halimus L. were recorded at 100 μM Cr and 26 °C. However, presence of Cr reduced net photosynthetic and stomatal conductance rates. Overall, temperature rise enhanced the toxic effect of Cr by reducing growth and photosynthesis and inducing antioxidant enzymes activities. Furthermore, temperature rise increased nutrient uptake, as well as nutrient translocation to aboveground tissues; while it diminished Cr translocation. Finally, roots were the main sink for Cr accumulation in A. halimus. At 1000 μM Cr, root Cr concentrations reached 7.2 and 9.1 mg g-1 at 26 and 30 °C, respectively; while shoot Cr concentrations were 0.45 and 0.44 mg g-1 (26 and 30 °C, respectively). The high Cr-accumulation in roots suggests that A. halimus presents a great potential for phytoremediation, especially phytostabilisation of Cr contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mesnoua
- Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (CRSTRA), Biskra, BP 1682, R.P. Biskra, 07000, Algeria; Laboratory of Plant Protection, University of Abdelhamid Ben Badis of Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José María Barcia-Piedras
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain; IFAPA, Centro Las Torres - Tomejil, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brahim Lotmani
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, University of Abdelhamid Ben Badis of Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain.
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Huang W, Jiao J, Ru M, Bai Z, Yuan H, Bao Z, Liang Z. Localization and Speciation of Chromium in Coptis chinensis Franch. using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Technology and Laser Ablation ICP-MS. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8603. [PMID: 29872075 PMCID: PMC5988735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coptis chinensis Franch. is one of the most important medicinal plants globally. However, this species contains relatively high concentrations of chromium (Cr) which potentially detrimental to human health. It is important to understand Cr localization and speciation in order to evaluate its accumulation and transportation mechanisms and minimize Cr transfer to humans. As little previous work in this area has been carried out, we utilized synchrotron radiation microscopic X-ray fluorescence (SR-μXRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to spatially locate Cr, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) to analyze Cr speciation, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to detect Cr subcellular concentration. Micromapping results showed that Cr was distributed predominantly within the vascular cylinder, the periderm and some outer cortex, and the cortex and some vascular bundles in root, rhizome, and petiole, respectively. XANES data showed that Cr(VI) can be reduced to Cr(III) when grown with Cr(VI), and yielded a novel conclusion that this plant contain elemental chromium. ICP-MS data showed that Cr was primarily compartmentalized in cell walls in all tissues. The new insights on Cr accumulation in C. chinensis Franch. provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of Cr in other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Ru
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Honglin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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Johnson P, Loganathan C, Krishnan V, Sakayanathan P, Raji V, Vijayan S, Sathishkumar P, Murugesan K, Palvannan T. Plant extract as environmental-friendly green catalyst for the reduction of hexavalent chromium in tannery effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:1376-1383. [PMID: 28488473 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1329355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of various plants like Coriandrum sativum (AECS), Alternanthera tenella colla (AEAT), Spermacoce hispida (AESH) and Mollugo verticillata (AEMV) was studied for its hexavalent chromium (CrVI) reduction property. Even though antioxidant activity was present, AEAT, AESH and AEMV did not reduce CrVI. AECS showed rapid and dose-dependent CrVI reduction. The efficient reduction of 50 mg/L of CrVI using AECS was attained in the presence of 250 µg/mL of starting plant material, incubating the reaction mixture at pH 2, 30°C and agitation at 190 rpm. Under such conditions, about 40 mg/L of CrVI was reduced at 3 h of incubation. FT-IR analysis revealed the involvement of phenols, alcohols, alpha-hydroxy acid and flavonoids present in the AECS for the CrVI reduction. These results indicate that not all the plant extracts with rich antioxidants are capable of reducing CrVI. Using the conditions standardized in the present study, AECS reduced about 80% of CrVI present in the tannery effluent. These results signify the application of AECS as an eco-friendly method in the wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Johnson
- a Department of Biochemistry , Periyar University , Salem , India
| | | | - Vennila Krishnan
- a Department of Biochemistry , Periyar University , Salem , India
| | | | - Vijayan Raji
- a Department of Biochemistry , Periyar University , Salem , India
| | - Sudha Vijayan
- a Department of Biochemistry , Periyar University , Salem , India
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- b Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE) , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai , Malaysia
| | - Kumarasamy Murugesan
- c Department of Environmental Science , Periyar University , Salem , Tamil Nadu , India
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Sinha V, Pakshirajan K, Chaturvedi R. Chromium tolerance, bioaccumulation and localization in plants: An overview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:715-730. [PMID: 29156430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the current industrial scenario, chromium (Cr) as a metal is of great importance, but poses a major threat to the environment. Phytoremediation provides an environmentally sustainable, ecofriendly, cost effective approach for environmental cleanup of Cr. This review presents the current status of phytoremediation research with particular emphasis on cleanup of Cr contaminated soil and water systems. It gives a detailed account of the work done by different authors on the Cr bioavailability, uptake pathway, toxicity and storage in plants following the phytoextraction mechanism. This paper also describes recent findings related to Cr localization in hyperaccumulator plants. It gives an insight into the processes and mechanisms that allow plants to remove Cr from contaminated sites under varying conditions. These detailed knowledge of changes in plant metabolic pool in response to Cr stress would immensely help understand and improve the phytoextraction process. Further, this review provides a detailed understanding of Cr uptake and detoxification mechanism by plants that can be applied in developing a suitable approach for a better applicability of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Sinha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Rakhi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Karanja BK, Fan L, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhu X, Tang M, Wang R, Zhang F, Muleke EM, Liu L. Genome-wide characterization of the WRKY gene family in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) reveals its critical functions under different abiotic stresses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1757-1773. [PMID: 28819820 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The radish WRKY gene family was genome-widely identified and played critical roles in response to multiple abiotic stresses. The WRKY is among the largest transcription factors (TFs) associated with multiple biological activities for plant survival, including control response mechanisms against abiotic stresses such as heat, salinity, and heavy metals. Radish is an important root vegetable crop and therefore characterization and expression pattern investigation of WRKY transcription factors in radish is imperative. In the present study, 126 putative WRKY genes were retrieved from radish genome database. Protein sequence and annotation scrutiny confirmed that RsWRKY proteins possessed highly conserved domains and zinc finger motif. Based on phylogenetic analysis results, RsWRKYs candidate genes were divided into three groups (Group I, II and III) with the number 31, 74, and 20, respectively. Additionally, gene structure analysis revealed that intron-exon patterns of the WRKY genes are highly conserved in radish. Linkage map analysis indicated that RsWRKY genes were distributed with varying densities over nine linkage groups. Further, RT-qPCR analysis illustrated the significant variation of 36 RsWRKY genes under one or more abiotic stress treatments, implicating that they might be stress-responsive genes. In total, 126 WRKY TFs were identified from the R. sativus genome wherein, 35 of them showed abiotic stress-induced expression patterns. These results provide a genome-wide characterization of RsWRKY TFs and baseline for further functional dissection and molecular evolution investigation, specifically for improving abiotic stress resistances with an ultimate goal of increasing yield and quality of radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Kinuthia Karanja
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianxue Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwen Zhu
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Mingjia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Everlyne M'mbone Muleke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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68
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González A, Gil-Díaz MM, Pinilla P, Lobo MC. Impact of Cr and Zn on Growth, Biochemical and Physiological Parameters, and Metal Accumulation by Wheat and Barley Plants. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2017; 228:419. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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69
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Rosa M, Prado C, Chocobar-Ponce S, Pagano E, Prado F. Effect of seasonality and Cr(VI) on starch-sucrose partitioning and related enzymes in floating leaves of Salvinia minima. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:1-10. [PMID: 28578143 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of seasonality and increasing Cr(VI) concentrations on leaf starch-sucrose partitioning, sucrose- and starch-related enzyme activities, and carbon allocation toward leaf development were analyzed in fronds (floating leaves) of the floating fern Salvinia minima. Carbohydrates and enzyme activities of Cr-exposed fronds showed different patterns in winter and summer. Total soluble sugars, starch, glucose and fructose increased in winter fronds, while sucrose was higher in summer ones. Starch and soluble carbohydrates, except glucose, increased under increasing Cr(VI) concentrations in winter fronds, while in summer ones only sucrose increased under Cr(VI) treatment. In summer fronds starch, total soluble sugars, fructose and glucose practically stayed without changes in all assayed Cr(VI) concentrations. Enzyme activities related to starch and sucrose metabolisms (e.g. ADPGase, SPS, SS and AI) were higher in winter fronds than in summer ones. Total amylase and cFBPase activities were higher in summer fronds. Cr(VI) treatment increased enzyme activities, except ADPGase, in both winter and summer fronds but no clear pattern changes were observed. Data of this study show clearly that carbohydrate metabolism is differently perturbed by both seasonality and Cr(VI) treatment in summer and winter fronds, which affects leaf starch-sucrose partitioning and specific leaf area (SLA) in terms of carbon investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rosa
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Prado
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana Chocobar-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Pagano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Prado
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
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Bahadur A, Ahmad R, Afzal A, Feng H, Suthar V, Batool A, Khan A, Mahmood-Ul-Hassan M. The influences of Cr-tolerant rhizobacteria in phytoremediation and attenuation of Cr (VI) stress in agronomic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 179:112-119. [PMID: 28364646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromium contamination of agronomic soil has to turn into a serious global problem. This research was pointed to assess the effects of three Cr-tolerant rhizobacteria (SS1, SS3, and SS6) on sunflower growth and heavy metal uptake under Cr smog i.e. 20, 30 and 40 ppm using K2Cr2O7. Root promotion assay and pot experiment were conducted to investigate and evaluate the effects of Cr tolerance rhizobacteria and Cr accumulation capacity of sunflower. From root promotion assay non-significant variation was observed in the root length between SS1 and SS3 compared with un-inoculated whereas SS6 enhanced the root length in the absence and presence of chromium. In addition, inoculation with rhizobacteria alleviated the Cr concentration and endorsed plant growth by enhancing Cr accumulation in sunflower. At different Cr levels, the Cr concentration in shoot was improved by each rhizobacterium though their difference was non-significant with each other, while the percentage increase was half as the Cr level doubled. Different rhizobacterium inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) affected the physiological and morphological characteristics of sunflower and increased the plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, grain yield, oil content of seeds, and total biomass, and among them, SS6 observed best followed by SS1 and SS3 comparing with un-inoculated. Our study illustrates an assessment about Cr-tolerant bacteria and their influences and recommends that these bacteria can effectively be used for crop improvement which provides a potential approach for Cr phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahadur
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Afzal
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Huyuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Vishandas Suthar
- Plant Physiology/ Chemistry Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Asfa Batool
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Aman Khan
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Shahid M, Shamshad S, Rafiq M, Khalid S, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Dumat C, Rashid MI. Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:513-533. [PMID: 28347915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic heavy metal which does not have any essential metabolic function in plants. Various past and recent studies highlight the biogeochemistry of Cr in the soil-plant system. This review traces a plausible link among Cr speciation, bioavailability, phytouptake, phytotoxicity and detoxification based on available data, especially published from 2010 to 2016. Chromium occurs in different chemical forms (primarily as chromite (Cr(III)) and chromate (Cr(VI)) in soil which vary markedly in term of their biogeochemical behavior. Chromium behavior in soil, its soil-plant transfer and accumulation in different plant parts vary with its chemical form, plant type and soil physico-chemical properties. Soil microbial community plays a key role in governing Cr speciation and behavior in soil. Chromium does not have any specific transporter for its uptake by plants and it primarily enters the plants through specific and non-specific channels of essential ions. Chromium accumulates predominantly in plant root tissues with very limited translocation to shoots. Inside plants, Cr provokes numerous deleterious effects to several physiological, morphological, and biochemical processes. Chromium induces phytotoxicity by interfering plant growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, inducing enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, causing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant activities. Plants tolerate Cr toxicity via various defense mechanisms such as complexation by organic ligands, compartmentation into the vacuole, and scavenging ROS via antioxidative enzymes. Consumption of Cr-contaminated-food can cause human health risks by inducing severe clinical conditions. Therefore, there is a dire need to monitor biogeochemical behavior of Cr in soil-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Saliha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Marina Rafiq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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73
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Bücker-Neto L, Paiva ALS, Machado RD, Arenhart RA, Margis-Pinheiro M. Interactions between plant hormones and heavy metals responses. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:373-386. [PMID: 28399194 PMCID: PMC5452142 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are natural non-biodegradable constituents of the Earth's crust that accumulate and persist indefinitely in the ecosystem as a result of human activities. Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury and zinc, amongst others, have increasingly contaminated soil and water resources, leading to significant yield losses in plants. These issues have become an important concern of scientific interest. Understanding the molecular and physiological responses of plants to heavy metal stress is critical in order to maximize their productivity. Recent research has extended our view of how plant hormones can regulate and integrate growth responses to various environmental cues in order to sustain life. In the present review we discuss current knowledge about the role of the plant growth hormones abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroid and ethylene in signaling pathways, defense mechanisms and alleviation of heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Bücker-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Sobral Paiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronei Dorneles Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Augusto Arenhart
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Saha P, Shinde O, Sarkar S. Phytoremediation of industrial mines wastewater using water hyacinth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:87-96. [PMID: 27551860 PMCID: PMC5152555 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1216078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater at Sukinda chromite mines (SCM) area of Orissa (India) showed high levels of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr VI). Wastewater from chromium-contaminated mines exhibit potential threats for biotic community in the vicinity. The aim of the present investigation is to develop a suitable phytoremediation technology for the effective removal of toxic hexavalent chromium from mines wastewater. A water hyacinth species Eichhornia crassipes was chosen to remediate the problem of Cr (VI) pollution from wastewater. It has been observed that this plant was able to remove 99.5% Cr (VI) of the processed water of SCM in 15 days. This aquatic plant not only removed hexavalent Cr, but is also capable of reducing total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and other elements of water also. Large-scale experiment was also performed using 100 L of water from SCM and the same removal efficiency was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Environment Research Group, RD &T, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Omkar Shinde
- Environment Research Group, RD &T, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Supriya Sarkar
- Environment Research Group, RD &T, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur, India
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Dias MC, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia C, Monteiro C, Araújo M, Brüggemann W, Santos C. Physiological mechanisms to cope with Cr(VI) toxicity in lettuce: can lettuce be used in Cr phytoremediation? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15627-37. [PMID: 27130342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This research aims at identifying the main deleterious effects of Cr(VI) on the photosynthetic apparatus and at selecting the most sensitive endpoints related to photosynthesis. To achieve this goal, we used lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a sensible ecotoxicological crop model. Three-week-old plants were exposed to 0, 50, 150 and 200 mg L(-1) of Cr(VI). These concentrations ranged from levels admitted in irrigation waters to values found in several Cr industry effluents and heavily contaminated environments. After 30 days of exposure, plants accumulated Cr preferably in roots and showed nutritional impairment, with decreases of K, Mg, Fe and Zn in both roots and leaves. Cr(VI)-exposed plants showed decreased levels of chlorophyll (Chl) a and anthocyanins, as well as decreased effective quantum yield of photostystem II (ΦPSII) and photochemical Chl fluorescence quenching (qp), but increases in the non-photochemical Chl fluorescence quenching (NPQ) and in the de-epoxidation state (DEP) of the xanthophyll cycle. Net CO2 assimilation rate (P N ) and RuBisCO activity were mostly impaired in the highest Cr(VI) concentration tested. Concerning the final products of photosynthesis, starch content was not affected, while soluble sugar contents increased. These alterations were accompanied by a reduction in protein content and in plant growth. Our results support that endpoints related to the photosynthesis photochemical processes (ΦPSII and the qp) and the content of anthocyanins are sensitive predictors of Cr(VI) toxicity. The advantages of using these parameters as biomarkers for Cr toxicity in plants are discussed. Finally, we report that, despite showing physiological disorders, L. sativa plants survived and accumulated high doses of Cr, and their use in environmental/decontamination studies is open to debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CEF) and Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Department of Biology and Environment, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Correia
- Department of Biology and Environment, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cristina Monteiro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, University Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia Araújo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, University Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Brüggemann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max von Laue Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology & GreenUP/Citab-UP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Prado C, Chocobar Ponce S, Pagano E, Prado FE, Rosa M. Differential physiological responses of two Salvinia species to hexavalent chromium at a glance. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:213-221. [PMID: 27061358 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In plants of Salvinia rotundifolia and Salvinia minima the effect of two Cr(VI) concentrations (5 and 20mgL(-1)) applied for 7days was assessed by measuring changes in biomass, photosynthetic pigments, Cr accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA), membrane stability index (MSI), thiols (TT, NPT and PBT), and phenolics (SP and IP). Biomass in S. minima was decreased at highest Cr(VI) concentration, but there were no changes in S. rotundifolia. Metal accumulation was different in both species. S. minima accumulates more metal in fronds, but S. rotundifolia accumulates more metal in lacinias. Results also showed that S. minima translocates more Cr to fronds than S. rotundifolia, but at the whole plant level higher accumulation occurred in this last. Tolerance index (Ti) was higher in S. rotundifolia. Chl b and carotenoids were decreased only upon exposure to high Cr(VI) concentration in both species. Cr(VI) treatment did not enhance MDA accumulation. Cr exposure had no impact on MSI values when comparing with Cr-untreated values. Thiols in fronds and lacinias showed different distribution patterns between species. IP and NPT were higher in S. rotundifolia lacinias that accumulate more Cr than S. minima lacinias. Whilst SP and NPT were higher in S. minima fronds compared with S. rotundifolia ones. This may indicate that these species can cope with Cr(VI) toxicity, either through metal complexation and/or metal reduction or by the scavenging of ROS derived from Cr-induced oxidative stress. Based on Cr accumulation and biomass production, S. rotundifolia seems more suitable to remove Cr(VI) from polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Prado
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana Chocobar Ponce
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Pagano
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando E Prado
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Rosa
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Ma J, Lv C, Xu M, Chen G, Lv C, Gao Z. Photosynthesis performance, antioxidant enzymes, and ultrastructural analyses of rice seedlings under chromium stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1768-78. [PMID: 26396015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the effects of increasing concentrations of chromium (Cr(6+)) (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) morphological traits, photosynthesis performance, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes. In addition, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts in the leaves of hydroponically cultivated rice (O. sativa L.) seedlings was analyzed. Plant fresh and dry weights, height, root length, and photosynthetic pigments were decreased by Cr-induced toxicity (200 μM), and the growth of rice seedlings was starkly inhibited compared with that of the control. In addition, the decreased maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) might be ascribed to the decreased the number of active photosystem II reaction centers. These results were confirmed by inhibited photophosphorylation, reduced ATP content and its coupling factor Ca(2+)-ATPase, and decreased Mg(2+)-ATPase activities. Furthermore, overtly increased activities of antioxidative enzymes were observed under Cr(6+) toxicity. Malondialdehyde and the generation rates of superoxide (O2̄) also increased with Cr(6+) concentration, while hydrogen peroxide content first increased at a low Cr(6+) concentration of 25 μM and then decreased. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed that Cr(6+) exposure resulted in significant chloroplast damage. Taken together, these findings indicate that high Cr(6+)concentrations stimulate the production of toxic reactive oxygen species and promote lipid peroxidation in plants, causing severe damage to cell membranes, degradation of photosynthetic pigments, and inhibition of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfang Lv
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minli Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuangen Lv
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhiping Gao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Maine MA, Hadad HR, Sánchez G, Caffaratti S, Pedro MC. Kinetics of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) removal from water by two floating macrophytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:261-268. [PMID: 26366503 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1085829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare Cr(III) and Cr(VI) removal kinetics from water by Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia herzogii. The accumulation in plant tissues and the effects of both Cr forms on plant growth were also evaluated. Plants were exposed to 2 and 6 mg L(-1) of Cr(III) or Cr(VI) during 30 days. At the end of the experiment, Cr(VI) removal percentages were significantly lower than those obtained for Cr(III) for both macrophytes. Cr(III) removal kinetics involved a fast and a slow component. The fast component was primarily responsible for Cr(III) removal while Cr(VI) removal kinetics involved only a slow process. Cr accumulated principally in the roots. In the Cr(VI) treatments a higher translocation from roots to aerial parts than in Cr(III) treatments was observed. Both macrophytes demonstrated a high ability to remove Cr(III) but not Cr(VI). Cr(III) inhibited the growth at the highest studied concentration of both macrophytes while Cr(VI) caused senescence. These results have important implications in the use of constructed wetlands for secondary industrial wastewater treatment. Common primary treatments of effluents containing Cr(VI) consists in its reduction to Cr(III). Cr(III) concentrations in these effluents are normally below the highest studied concentrations in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Maine
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
- b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
| | - H R Hadad
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
- b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
| | - G Sánchez
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - S Caffaratti
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - M C Pedro
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
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Tripathi DK, Singh VP, Prasad SM, Chauhan DK, Dubey NK. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNp) alleviate chromium (VI) phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (L.) seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:189-98. [PMID: 26298805 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of silicon nanoparticles (SiNp) against Cr (VI) phytotoxicity in pea seedlings. Results show that Cr(VI, 100 μM) significantly (P < 0.05) declined growth of pea which was accompanied by the enhanced level of Cr. Additionally, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters like F(v)/F(m), F(v)/F0 and qP were decreased while NPQ significantly (P < 0.05) increased under Cr(VI) treatment. Superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA-lipid peroxidation) contents were enhanced by Cr(VI). Activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were increased by Cr (VI) while activities of catalase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase were inhibited significantly (P < 0.05). Micro and macronutrients also show decreasing trends (except S) under Cr(VI) treatment. However, addition of SiNp together with Cr(VI) protects pea seedlings against Cr(VI) phytotoxicity hence improved growth was noticed. In conclusion, the results of this study show that Cr(VI) causes negative impact on pea seedlings, however; SiNp protects pea seedlings against Cr(VI) phytotoxicity by reducing Cr accumulation and oxidative stress, and up-regulating antioxidant defense system and nutrient elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, Koriya 497335, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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80
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Wan XM, Lei M, Chen TB, Yang JX, Liu HT, Chen Y. Role of transpiration in arsenic accumulation of hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16631-9. [PMID: 26081771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of Pteris vittata L. to hyperaccumulate arsenic (As), especially the efficient translocation of As from rhizoids to fronds, are not clear yet. The present study aims to investigate the role of transpiration in the accumulation of As from the aspects of transpiration regulation and ecotypic difference. Results showed that As accumulation of P. vittata increased proportionally with an increase in the As exposure concentration. Lowering the transpiration rate by 28∼67% decreased the shoot As concentration by 19∼56%. Comparison of As distribution under normal treatment and shade treatment indicated that transpiration determines the distribution pattern of As in pinnae. In terms of the ecotypic difference, the P. vittata ecotype from moister and warmer habitat had 40% higher transpiration and correspondingly 40% higher shoot As concentration than the ecotype from drier and cooler habitat. Results disclosed that transpiration is the main driver for P. vittata to accumulate and re-distribute As in pinnae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tong-bin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun-xing Yang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong-tao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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81
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Singh S, Srivastava PK, Kumar D, Tripathi DK, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM. Morpho-anatomical and biochemical adapting strategies of maize ( Zea mays L.) seedlings against lead and chromium stresses. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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82
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Saleem M, Asghar HN, Khan MY, Zahir ZA. Gibberellic acid in combination with pressmud enhances the growth of sunflower and stabilizes chromium(VI)-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10610-7. [PMID: 25744819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the impact of gibberellic acid on growth and yield of sunflower in hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-contaminated soil in the presence as well as absence of pressmud. Seeds of sunflower were sown in potted soil amended with pressmud as an organic amendment and contaminated with different levels of Cr(VI) (12, 18, and 24 mg kg(-1)) by using K2Cr2O7 salt. Gibberellic acid (10(-4) M) was applied at time of seedling emergence in the rhizosphere. The results showed that Cr(VI) stress significantly reduced the growth and yield of sunflower. However, application of gibberellic acid and pressmud reversed the toxic effects of Cr(VI) and improved the growth and yield of sunflower. Combined application of gibberellic acid and pressmud further improved growth and yield compared to their separate application in Cr(VI) stress. Moreover, gibberellic acid and pressmud decreased the uptake of Cr and stabilized it in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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83
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UdDin I, Bano A, Masood S. Chromium toxicity tolerance of Solanum nigrum L. and Parthenium hysterophorus L. plants with reference to ion pattern, antioxidation activity and root exudation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:271-8. [PMID: 25528377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr), being a highly toxic metal, adversely affects the mineral uptake and metabolic processes in plants when present in excess. The current study was aimed at investigating the Cr accumulation in various plant tissues and its relation to the antioxidation activity and root exudation. Plants were grown in soil spiked with different concentrations of Cr for three weeks in pots and analysed for different growth, antioxidants and ion attributes. Furthermore, plants treated with different concentrations of Cr in pots were shifted to rhizobox-like system for 48h and organic acids were monitored in the mucilage dissolved from the plant root surface, mirroring rhizospheric solution. The results revealed that the Cr application at 1mM increased the shoot fresh and dry weight and root dry weight of Solanum nigrum, whereas the opposite was observed for Parthenium hysterophorus when compared with lower levels of Cr (0.5mM) or control treatment. In both plant species, Cr and Cl concentrations were increased while Ca, Mg and K concentrations in root, shoot and root exudates were decreased with increasing levels of Cr. Higher levels of Cr treatments enhanced the activities of SOD, POD and proline content in leaves of S. nigrum, whereas lower levels of Cr treatment were found to have stimulatory effects in P. hysterophorus. P. hysterophorus exhibited highest exudation of organic acid contents. With increasing levels of Cr treatments, citric acid concentration in root exudates increased by 35% and 44% in S. nigrum, whereas 20% and 76% in P. hysterophorus. Cr toxicity was responsible for the shoot growth reduction of S. nigrum and P. hysterophorus, however, shoot growth response was different at different levels of applied Cr. Consequently, Cr stress negatively altered the plant physiology and biochemistry. However, the enhanced antioxidant production, Cl uptake and root exudation are the physiological and biochemical indicators for the plant adaptations in biotic systems polluted with Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam UdDin
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghari Bano
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Masood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Cloning and analysis of expression patterns and transcriptional regulation of RghBNG in response to plant growth regulators and abiotic stresses in Rehmannia glutinosa. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:60. [PMID: 25674509 PMCID: PMC4320158 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
RghBNG, a gene of unknown function, was cloned from Rehmannia glutinosa by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA of RghBNG was 548 bp with a282-bp open reading frame. It encoded a polypeptide of 93 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 10.5 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 9.25. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that RghBNG had no homology to any known plant genes, whereas the RghBNG polypeptide was highly similar to other plant proteins and possessed one conserved B12D protein family functional domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RghBNG encoded for a dicot protein. RghBNG spatial and temporal expression patterns and responses to abiotic stresses and plant growth regulators were investigated by qRT-PCR. RghBNG transcripts were detected in roots, stems, leaves, petals, receptacles, stamens and pistils with the highest and lowest levels respectively observed in petals and leaves of mature plants. Additionally, RghBNG transcripts were detected at three developmental stages of roots, stems and leaves; the highest levels were observed in roots at seedling stage; Transcript levels changed to varying degrees in different tissues and stages; We also studied the effects of abiotic stress and plant growth regulators in roots and leaves. RghBNG expression was significantly increased (p < 0.01) by chromium, gibberellic acid and NaCl, with the highest levels induced by chromium stress; In contrast, 6-benzyladenine reduced expression. These results strongly suggest that RghBNG is involved in R. glutinosa growth, development and response to plant growth regulators and abiotic stresses.
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85
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González A, Gil-Díaz M, Lobo MC. Response of two barley cultivars to increasing concentrations of cadmium or chromium in soil during the growing period. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 163:235-43. [PMID: 25431296 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal contamination of soils is a serious environmental issue because excessive metal concentrations pose risks to the health of humans, animals, and plants. For this reason, the interest in understanding the toxic effects of metals on crop growth and physiology has increased in the last decades. A pot trial was performed in a greenhouse to evaluate the effects of contaminated soil with different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) or chromium (Cr) on barley growth and development. Two cultivars of barley were studied, Pedrezuela and CB502. Growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and relative water content (RWC) were analyzed during the plant-growing period. After harvesting, the Cd and Cr contents in plant were analyzed. No significant differences were observed for chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence between control plants and those treated with Cd. In the case of Cr, a significant decrease of plant growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and RWC was detected with respect to the control. The tolerance index (TI) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated. Data indicated that both varieties are tolerant to these metals; CB502 showed higher tolerance to Cr and Pedrezuela to Cd. The effect of Cd or Cr addition on nutrient concentrations in plants varied among elements and organs of the plant analyzed. The correlations between the physiological and agronomic studied traits were significant (p < 0.01, p < 0.001), so the stress induced by these metals affected the physiology and water relations of the plant, which provoked a decrease of plant biomass, especially in the plants treated with Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González
- Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, IMIDRA, Finca El Encin, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Spain,
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86
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Mostofa MG, Seraj ZI, Fujita M. Interactive effects of nitric oxide and glutathione in mitigating copper toxicity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e991570. [PMID: 25897471 PMCID: PMC4623416 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.991570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) are 2 vital components of the antioxidant system that play diverse roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Recently, we have reported that exogenous supply of both these molecules reduced copper (Cu) toxicity in rice seedlings. Individual as well as co-treatment of sodium nitroprusside (SNP: a NO donor) and GSH with Cu significantly mitigated the adverse effects of Cu, evident in the reduced level of oxidative markers such as H2O2, superoxide (O2(·-)), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline (Pro). GSH content and most of the antioxidative and glyoxalase enzymes were up-regulated upon Cu stress, indicating their responses were co-related with the level of stress. Our results indicated that direct ROS scavenging, reduced Cu uptake, and the balanced antioxidative and glyoxalase systems, at least in part, successfully executed NO- and GSH-mediated alleviation of Cu toxicity in rice seedlings. In addition, the combined effect of adding SNP and GSH together was more efficient than the effect of adding them individually. Here, we are speculating that 1) GSH and Pro could be used as potential markers for copper stress, and 2) adding SNP and GSH might produce S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) which could be a source of bioactive NO and may affect many regulatory processes involved in Cu-stress tolerance. We further note that the combined effect of adding SNP and GSH was pronounced in inhibiting the uptake and translocation of Cu in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses; Department of Applied Biological Science; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagawa University; Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University; Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Zeba Islam Seraj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses; Department of Applied Biological Science; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagawa University; Kagawa, Japan
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Shakoor MB, Ali S, Hameed A, Farid M, Hussain S, Yasmeen T, Najeeb U, Bharwana SA, Abbasi GH. Citric acid improves lead (pb) phytoextraction in brassica napus L. by mitigating pb-induced morphological and biochemical damages. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 109:38-47. [PMID: 25164201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction is an environmentally friendly and a cost-effective strategy for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. However, lower bioavailability of some of the metals in polluted environments e.g. lead (Pb) is a major constraint of phytoextraction process that could be overcome by applying organic chelators. We conducted a glasshouse experiment to evaluate the role of citric acid (CA) in enhancing Pb phytoextraction. Brassica napus L. seedlings were grown in hydroponic media and exposed to various treatments of Pb (50 and 100 μM) as alone or in combination with CA (2.5mM) for six weeks. Pb-induced damage in B. napus toxicity was evident from elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 that significantly inhibited plant growth, biomass accumulation, leaf chlorophyll contents and gas exchange parameters. Alternatively, CA application to Pb-stressed B. napus plants arrested lipid membrane damage by limiting MDA and H2O2 production and by improving antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, CA significantly increased the Pb accumulation in B. napus plants. The study concludes that CA has a potential to improve Pb phytoextraction without damaging plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Shakoor
- Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), P.O. Box 128, Jhang road Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia
| | - Saima Aslam Bharwana
- Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hasan Abbasi
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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88
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Bharwana SA, Ali S, Farooq MA, Ali B, Iqbal N, Abbas F, Ahmad MSA. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates lead-induced morphological, photosynthetic, oxidative damages and biochemical changes in cotton. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:717-31. [PMID: 23852465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Poisonous lead (Pb), among heavy metals, is a potential pollutant that readily accumulates in soils and thus adversely affects physiological processes in plants. We have evaluated how exogenous H2S affects cotton plant physiological attributes and Pb uptake under Pb stress thereby understanding the role of H2S in physiological processes in plants. Two concentrations (0 and 200 μM) of H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) were experimented on cotton plants under Pb stress (0, 50, and 100 μM). Results have shown that Pb stress decreased plant growth, chlorophyll contents, SPAD value, photosynthesis, antioxidant activity. On the other hand, Pb stress increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), and production of H2O2 and uptake of Pb contents in all three parts of plant, viz. root, stem, and leaf. Application of H2S slightly increased plant growth, chlorophyll contents, SPAD value, photosynthesis, and antioxidant activity as compared to control. Hydrogen sulfide supply alleviated the toxic effects of lead on plant growth, chlorophyll contents, SPAD value, photosynthesis, and antioxidant activity in cotton plants. Hydrogen sulfide also reduced MDA, EL, and production of H2O2 and endogenous Pb levels in the three mentioned plant parts. On the basis of our results, we conclude that H2S has promotive effects which could improve plant survival under Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Aslam Bharwana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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89
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Gavina A, Antunes SC, Pinto G, Claro MT, Santos C, Gonçalves F, Pereira R. Can physiological endpoints improve the sensitivity of assays with plants in the risk assessment of contaminated soils? PLoS One 2013; 8:e59748. [PMID: 23565165 PMCID: PMC3615127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific risk assessment of contaminated areas indicates prior areas for intervention, and provides helpful information for risk managers. This study was conducted in the Ervedosa mine area (Bragança, Portugal), where both underground and open pit exploration of tin and arsenic minerals were performed for about one century (1857-1969). We aimed at obtaining ecotoxicological information with terrestrial and aquatic plant species to integrate in the risk assessment of this mine area. Further we also intended to evaluate if the assessment of other parameters, in standard assays with terrestrial plants, can improve the identification of phytotoxic soils. For this purpose, soil samples were collected on 16 sampling sites distributed along four transects, defined within the mine area, and in one reference site. General soil physical and chemical parameters, total and extractable metal contents were analyzed. Assays were performed for soil elutriates and for the whole soil matrix following standard guidelines for growth inhibition assay with Lemna minor and emergence and seedling growth assay with Zea mays. At the end of the Z. mays assay, relative water content, membrane permeability, leaf area, content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), malondialdehyde levels, proline content, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm and ΦPSII) parameters were evaluated. In general, the soils near the exploration area revealed high levels of Al, Mn, Fe and Cu. Almost all the soils from transepts C, D and F presented total concentrations of arsenic well above soils screening benchmark values available. Elutriates of several soils from sampling sites near the exploration and ore treatment areas were toxic to L. minor, suggesting that the retention function of these soils was seriously compromised. In Z. mays assay, plant performance parameters (other than those recommended by standard protocols), allowed the identification of more phytotoxic soils. The results suggest that these parameters could improve the sensitivity of the standard assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gavina
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Antunes
- CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Glória Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Claro
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
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90
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Ding X, Zhang S, Li S, Liao X, Wang R. Silicon Mediated the Detoxification of Cr on Pakchoi (Brassica Chinensis L.) in Cr-contaminated Soil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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91
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González Á, Lobo MC. Growth of Four Varieties of Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) in Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals and Their Effects on Some Physiological Traits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.49221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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92
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Abstract
In the past decades the increased use of chromium (Cr) in several anthropogenic activities and consequent contamination of soil and water have become an increasing concern. Cr exists in several oxidation states but the most stable and common forms are Cr(0), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species. Cr toxicity in plants depends on its valence state. Cr(VI) as being highly mobile is toxic, while Cr(III) as less mobile is less toxic. Cr is taken up by plants through carriers of essential ions such as sulphate. Cr uptake, translocation, and accumulation depend on its speciation, which also conditions its toxicity to plants. Symptoms of Cr toxicity in plants are diverse and include decrease of seed germination, reduction of growth, decrease of yield, inhibition of enzymatic activities, impairment of photosynthesis, nutrient and oxidative imbalances, and mutagenesis.
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93
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Rodriguez E, Santos C, Azevedo R, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia C, Dias MC. Chromium (VI) induces toxicity at different photosynthetic levels in pea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 53:94-100. [PMID: 22343752 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to comprehensively characterize the effects of Cr (VI) on the photosynthetic performance of Pisum sativum, plants irrigated with Cr solutions (ranging from 20 to 2000 mg l(-1)) were evaluated using the following classical endpoints: gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence, leaf pigments, Rubisco activity, soluble sugars and starch content. Flow cytometry (FCM) was applied in an innovative approach to evaluate the morphological and fluorescence emission status of chloroplasts from plants exposed to Cr (VI). The parameters related to gas exchange, net CO(2) assimilation rate (A) and Rubisco activity were severally affected by Cr exposure, in some cases even at the lowest dosage used. While all biomarkers used to measure Chl a fluorescence indicated a decrease in fluorescence at the maximum dosage, pigment contents significantly increased in response to Cr (VI). The morphology of chloroplasts also was altered by Cr (VI) exposure, as a volume decrease was observed. Soluble sugars and starch showed an overall tendency to increase in Cr (VI) exposed plants, but sucrose and glucose decreased highly when exposed to 2000 mg l(-1). In conclusion, our results indicate that Cr (VI) affects photosynthesis at several levels, but the most Cr (VI)-sensitive endpoints were chloroplast morphology and biochemical processes; only at higher dosages the photochemical efficiency is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Rodriguez
- CESAM & Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, University of Aveiro, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
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94
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López-Luna J, González-Chávez MC, Esparza-García FJ, Rodríguez-Vázquez R. Fractionation and availability of heavy metals in tannery sludge-amended soil and toxicity assessment on the fully-grown Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:405-419. [PMID: 22320693 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.646121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effect of tannery sludge on the bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars fully-grown on a culture sandy soil, as tannery sludge is valuable to improve soil fertility but long term studies evaluating the effect on fully grown plants are scarce. Tannery sludge amendments (0, 0.77, 1.54, 3.08 and 6.16 g tannery sludge kg(-1) soil) were characterized and the main heavy metals identified (Cr, Mn, Fe, K, and Zn) later on sequentially and singly extracted, for soil fractionation and availability determination, respectively. Metals showed different fractionation and availability patterns, being the most toxic metal (Cr) found to primarily bind to the carbonate fraction in soil, while almost 10% of the total Cr was available for plant uptake. In the green house experiments, bush bean cultivars exposed to increasing tannery sludge amendments were evaluated at different plant stages. Metal accumulation and physiological parameters (chlorophyll, carotenoids, nitrate reductase activity and dry weight) were determined. Toxicity was primarily due to Cr, stimulating or affecting the response of physiological parameters and suppressing seed formation at the highest tannery sludge ratio. Metals were mainly accumulated in the roots of bush beans, diminishing in the upper part of the plants with minimal translocation to seeds, supposing little risk for human consumption. Additionally, important correlations, antagonistic and synergistic relationships were observed between the extracted metals and metal accumulation in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López-Luna
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN, México
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95
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González Á, Chumillas V, Lobo MDC. Effect of Zn, Cd and Cr on growth, water status and chlorophyll content of barley plants (<i>H. vulgare L.</i>). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/as.2012.34069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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96
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Ahmad MSA, Ashraf M. Essential roles and hazardous effects of nickel in plants. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 214:125-167. [PMID: 21913127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0668-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the world's ever increasing human population, the issues related to environmental degradation of toxicant chemicals are becoming more serious. Humans have accelerated the emission to the environment of many organic and inorganic pollutants such as pesticides, salts, petroleum products, acids, heavy metals, etc. Among different environmental heavy-metal pollutants, Ni has gained considerable attention in recent years, because of its rapidly increasing concentrations in soil, air, and water in different parts of the world. The main mechanisms by which Ni is taken up by plants are passive diffusion and active transport. Soluble Ni compounds are preferably absorbed by plants passively, through a cation transport system; chelated Ni compounds are taken up through secondary, active-transport-mediated means, using transport proteins such as permeases. Insoluble Ni compounds primarily enter plant root cells through endocytosis. Once absorbed by roots, Ni is easily transported to shoots via the xylem through the transpiration stream and can accumulate in neonatal parts such as buds, fruits, and seeds. The Ni transport and retranslocation processes are strongly regulated by metal-ligand complexes (such as nicotianamine, histidine, and organic acids) and by some proteins that specifically bind and transport Ni. Nickel, in low concentrations, fulfills a variety of essential roles in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Therefore, Ni deficiency produces an array of effects on growth and metabolism of plants, including reduced growth, and induction of senescence, leaf and meristem chlorosis, alterations in N metabolism, and reduced Fe uptake. In addition, Ni is a constituent of several metallo-enzymes such as urease, superoxide dismutase, NiFe hydrogenases, methyl coenzyme M reductase, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, acetyl coenzyme-A synthase, hydrogenases, and RNase-A. Therefore, Ni deficiencies in plants reduce urease activity, disturb N assimilation, and reduce scavenging of superoxide free radical. In bacteria, Ni participates in several important metabolic reactions such as hydrogen metabolism, methane biogenesis, and acetogenesis. Although Ni is metabolically important in plants, it is toxic to most plant species when present at excessive amounts in soil and in nutrient solution. High Ni concentrations in growth media severely retards seed germinability of many crops. This effect of Ni is a direct one on the activities of amylases, proteases, and ribonucleases, thereby affecting the digestion and mobilization of food reserves in germinating seeds. At vegetative stages, high Ni concentrations retard shoot and root growth, affect branching development, deform various plant parts, produce abnormal flower shape, decrease biomass production, induce leaf spotting, disturb mitotic root tips, and produce Fe deficiency that leads to chlorosis and foliar necrosis. Additionally, excess Ni also affects nutrient absorption by roots, impairs plant metabolism, inhibits photosynthesis and transpiration, and causes ultrastructural modifications. Ultimately, all of these altered processes produce reduced yields of agricultural crops when such crops encounter excessive Ni exposures.
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97
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Zaier H, Ghnaya T, Lakhdar A, Baioui R, Ghabriche R, Mnasri M, Sghair S, Lutts S, Abdelly C. Comparative study of Pb-phytoextraction potential in Sesuvium portulacastrum and Brassica juncea: tolerance and accumulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 183:609-15. [PMID: 20708335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead phytoextraction from salty soils is a difficult task because this process needs the use of plants which are able to tolerate salt and accumulate Pb(2+) within in their shoots. It has recently been suggested that salt-tolerant plants are more suitable for heavy metals extraction than salt-sensitive ones commonly used in this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate Pb-phytoextraction potential of the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum in comparison with Brassica juncea commonly used in Pb-phytoextraction. Seedlings of both species were exposed in nutrient solution to 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 μM Pb(2+) for 21 days. Lead strongly inhibited growth in B. juncea but had no impact on S. portulacastrum. Exogenous Pb(2+) reduced nutrients uptake mainly in B. juncea as compared to S. portulacastrum. Lead was preferentially accumulated in roots in both species. S. portulacastrum accumulated more Pb(2+) in the shoot than B. juncea. Hence, the amounts of Pb(2+) translocated at 1000 μM Pb(2+) were 3400 μg g(-1) DW and 2200 μg g(-1) DW in S. portulacastrum and B. juncea, respectively. These results suggest that S. portulacastrum is more efficient to extract Pb(2+) than B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Zaier
- Laboratoire d'Adaptation des Plantes aux Stress Abiotiques, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia.
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98
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Liu N, Lin ZF, Lin GZ, Song LY, Chen SW, Mo H, Peng CL. Lead and cadmium induced alterations of cellular functions in leaves of Alocasia macrorrhiza L. Schott. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1238-45. [PMID: 20619455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Alocasia macrorrhiza is a fast growing and propagating herbaceous species commonly found in South China. To determine its physiological responses to Pb and Cd stresses, the biochemical, histochemical and cytochemical changes under PbAC2 and CdCl2 phytotoxicity were detected using leaf discs as an experimental model. After leaf discs were infiltrated in different concentrations of PbAC2 and CdCl2 solutions (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 microM) for 72 h, the formation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2-) in plant tissue were found to be exaggerated together with elevated OH concentration and cell death. Changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, PhiPSII, qP and NPQ) imaging colours/areas of leaf discs indicated decreased photosystem II functions by both heavy metal treatments and positive reactions of antioxidants under Pb2+ stress. Results showed that fluorescent detection of hydroxylated terephthlate using terephthalic acid as OH trap is a simple, yet valuable and specific method for monitoring OH generation in plant tissue under heavy metal stresses. As compared with Cd2+, Pb2+ was found to be less toxic, indicating that A. macrorrhiza tissue might have a potential tolerance to Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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99
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Mallick S, Sinam G, Kumar Mishra R, Sinha S. Interactive effects of Cr and Fe treatments on plants growth, nutrition and oxidative status in Zea mays L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:987-95. [PMID: 20363501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Cr and Fe, singly and in combination were investigated on nutrients uptake (Cu, Zn and Mn), lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll content and growth parameters in Zea mays L. var. Ruchi (SRHM 445). Roots of the Cr treated plants were stunted and root hair formation was greatly impaired. The leaves were bearing wilted appearance. Cr was primarily accumulated in the roots with a low translocation rate to the leaves. Cu absorption decreased with increase in Cr concentrations only in roots. In leaves there is no correlation. Iron induced lipid peroxidation was higher in the leaves at both the concentrations (3 and 9 microg ml(-1)) after 7d, and decreased significantly by the addition of Cr. Concentrations of most leaves antioxidants were lower in mixed metal treatment compared to single treatments, indicating an interaction between metals leading to reduced cellular effects as indicated by lower lipid peroxidation levels. Changes in APX and GPX activities observed in the leaves of contaminated-plants suggest their involvement in heavy-metal stress tolerance. The plant seems to be tolerant as the translocation of Cr was recorded less, which decreased in the presence of Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Mallick
- Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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100
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Diwan H, Ahmad A, Iqbal M. Chromium-induced modulation in the antioxidant defense system during phenological growth stages of Indian mustard. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2010; 12:142-158. [PMID: 20734612 DOI: 10.1080/15226510903213951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chromium-induced modulation in the enzymes and metabolites of antioxidants was investigated at various phenological stages of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. cv Pusa Jai Kisan)], grown with various levels of chromium (Cr) in pots under natural environmental conditions. Chromium accumulation in the root, stem and leaves increased with the advancement in the age of the plants. Growth of Indian mustard was not affected significantly by the supply of Cr up to the levels of 400 mg kg(-1) soil. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxide (APX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) increased in the leaves of Cr-treated plants, when compared with control. High activities of antioxidant enzymes supported by high Cr concentrations in roots and aerial parts (except seeds) established the Indian mustard as a potential hyperaccumulator anda hypertolerant species to Cr stress. For this study, an edible crop was chosen intentionally so as to tap maximum benefit by remediating the contaminated site on one hand and getting uncontaminated seeds to raise the next generation, on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Diwan
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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