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Yanai H, Masui Y, Katsuyama H, Adachi H, Kawaguchi A, Hakoshima M, Waragai Y, Harigae T, Sako A. An Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. J Clin Med Res 2018; 10:281-289. [PMID: 29511415 PMCID: PMC5827911 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3362w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An epidemiological survey in the Northwest Greenland reported that the Greenlanders have a lower frequency of acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. The very low incidence of ischemic heart disease in the Greenlanders was explained by consumption of a diet rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Possible anti-atherothrombotic effects of omega-3 PUFA include an improvement of lipid metabolism such as a reduction of triglyceride and an increase of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose metabolism, anti-platelet activity, anti-inflammatory effects, an improvement of endothelial function and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque. The present study reviews an improvement of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia and diabetes due to consumption of omega-3 PUFA. A sufficient number of studies suggest that omega-3 PUFA supplementation reduces serum triglyceride and increases HDL-cholesterol. The mechanisms for omega-3 PUFA-mediated improvements of lipid metabolism have been partially elucidated. The studies using experimental animals, part of trials in humans, have shown the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFA on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The meta-analysis showed that omega-3 PUFA might prevent development of diabetes in part of population. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the association of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with diabetes, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Masui
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Katsuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Hakoshima
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Waragai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadanao Harigae
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akahito Sako
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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52
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Mori TA. Marine OMEGA-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Fitoterapia 2017; 123:51-58. [PMID: 28964873 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are two classes of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from linoleic acid (18:2ω6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3ω3), respectively. Enzymatic metabolism of linoleic and α-linolenic acids generates arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3; EPA), respectively, both of which are substrates for enzymes that yield eicosanoids with multiple and varying physiological functions. Further elongation and desaturation of EPA yields the 22-carbon fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3; DHA). The main dietary source of EPA and DHA for human consumption is fish, especially oily fish. There is considerable evidence that EPA and DHA are protective against cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke), particularly in individuals with pre-existing disease. ω3 Fatty acids benefit multiple risk factors including blood pressure, blood vessel function, heart function and blood lipids, and they have antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions. ω3 Fatty acids do not adversely interact with medications. Supplementation with ω3 fatty acids is recommended in individuals with elevated blood triglyceride levels and patients with coronary heart disease. A practical recommendation for the general population is to increase ω3 fatty acid intake by incorporating fish as part of a healthy diet that includes increased fruits and vegetables, and moderation of salt intake. Health authorities recommend the general population should consume at least two oily fish meals per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Marushka L, Batal M, Sharp D, Schwartz H, Ing A, Fediuk K, Black A, Tikhonov C, Chan HM. Fish consumption is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes in Manitoba First Nations communities. Facets (Ott) 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fish and n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) has been postulated to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D).Objective: To explore the association between self-reported T2D and fish consumption, dietary n-3 FAs, and persistent organic pollutants (POP) intake in a regionally representative sample of First Nations (FNs) in Manitoba.Design: Data from the cross-sectional First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES) collected from 706 members of 8 Manitoba FNs in 2010 were used. Household interviews were used to collect social and lifestyle data. The consumption of fish was estimated using a traditional food frequency questionnaire. Fish samples were analyzed for the presence of POP. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for potential risk factors for T2D were developed.Results: A negative, dose–response relationship was found between fish intake and self-reported T2D. Fish consumptions of 2–3 portions per month and ≥1/week were inversely associated with T2D with odds ratio (OR) values of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.28–0.91) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.19–0.82), respectively, compared with no fish intake. Similarly, intake of n-3 FAs was negatively associated with T2D (OR = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.30–0.77). Dietary POP intake was not associated with T2D.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the consumption of traditionally harvested fish may have a beneficial effect on T2D in Manitoba FNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya Marushka
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, 180 Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Liliane de Stewart, 2405 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Street, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Donald Sharp
- Assembly of First Nations, 55 Metcalfe St #1600, Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5, Canada
| | - Harold Schwartz
- Health Canada, Environmental Public Health Division, First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB), Room 2000A Jeanne Mance Bldg. AL 1920A, Tunney’s Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Amy Ing
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Liliane de Stewart, 2405 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Street, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Karen Fediuk
- Dietitian and Nutrition Researcher, Ladysmith, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Black
- Assembly of First Nations, 55 Metcalfe St #1600, Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5, Canada
| | - Constantine Tikhonov
- Health Canada, Environmental Public Health Division, First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB), Room 2000A Jeanne Mance Bldg. AL 1920A, Tunney’s Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, 180 Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Gao H, Geng T, Huang T, Zhao Q. Fish oil supplementation and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:131. [PMID: 28673352 PMCID: PMC5496233 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fish oil supplementation has been shown to be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome and benefit a wide range of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and several types of cancers. However, the evidence of fish oil supplementation on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity is still controversial. This meta-analysis summarized the exist evidence of the relationship between fish oil supplementation and insulin sensitivity and aimed to evaluate whether fish oil supplementation could improve insulin sensitivity. Methods We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase database for the relevant studies update to Dec 2016. Two researchers screened the literature independently by the selection and exclusion criteria. Studies were pooled using random effect models to estimate a pooled SMD and corresponding 95% CI. This meta-analysis was performed by Stata 13.1 software. Results A total of 17 studies with 672 participants were included in this meta-analysis study after screening from 498 published articles found after the initial search. In a pooled analysis, fish oil supplementation had no effects on insulin sensitivity compared with the placebo (SMD 0.17, 95%CI -0.15 to 0.48, p = 0.292). In subgroup analysis, fish oil supplementation could benefit insulin sensitivity among people who were experiencing at least one symptom of metabolic disorders (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.88, p < 0.001). Similarly, there were no significant differences between subgroups of methods of insulin sensitivity, doses of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of fish oil supplementation or duration of the intervention. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust. Conclusions Short-term fish oil supplementation is associated with increasing the insulin sensitivity among those people with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Gao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Lu, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD1, 12 Science Drive 2, #09-01T, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Lu, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Jovanovski E, Li D, Thanh Ho HV, Djedovic V, Ruiz Marques ADC, Shishtar E, Mejia SB, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Duvnjak L, Vuksan V. The effect of alpha-linolenic acid on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6531. [PMID: 28538363 PMCID: PMC5457843 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) have been shown to reduce type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk and improve insulin responsiveness in T2DM subjects, but whether the plant sources of omega-3 PUFA (alpha-linolenic acid [ALA]) have an effect on glycemic control requires further investigation. METHODS The parameters of interest were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FBI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fructosamine, and glycated albumin. A comprehensive search was conducted with MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) ≥1 month in duration that compared diets enriched in ALA with usual diets on glycemic parameters. For each study, the risk of bias as well as the study quality was assessed. Using the statistical software RevMan (v5.3), data were pooled using the generic inverse method with random effects model, and final results were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic and quantified by the I statistic. RESULTS A total of 8 trials (N = 212) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to a control diet, a median dose of 4.4 g/day of ALA intake for a median duration of 3 months did not affect HbA1c (%) (MD = -.01; [95%: -.32, .31], P = .96). A median ALA dose of 5.4 g/day did not lower FBG (MD = .07; [95% CI: -.61, .76], P = .84) or FBI (MD = 7.03, [95% CI: -5.84, 19.89], P = .28). Summary effect estimates were generally compromised by considerable and unexplained heterogeneity (I ≥75%). In the subgroup analysis of continuous predictors, a reduction in HbA1c (%) and FBG (mmol/L) was significantly associated with an increased intake of ALA. Further adjustment for Publication Bias using Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill analysis provided an adjusted, significant MD of -.25 (95% CI: -.38, -.12; P <.001) for HbA1c (%). CONCLUSIONS ALA-enriched diets did not affect HbA1c, FBG, or FBI. The scarce number of existing RCTs and the presence of heterogeneity in our meta-analysis limit the ability to make firm conclusions about ALA in T2DM management. The potential for ALA to have dose-dependent effects warrants further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jovanovski
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoang Vi Thanh Ho
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Djedovic
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Any de Castro Ruiz Marques
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Brazil Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Esra Shishtar
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute
- Division of Endocrinology & Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lea Duvnjak
- Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Vuk Vrhovac, University Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Vuksan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute
- Division of Endocrinology & Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto
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56
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Epigenetic changes in blood leukocytes following an omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:43. [PMID: 28450971 PMCID: PMC5405524 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 FAs) have several beneficial effects on cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors. These effects on CV risk profile may be mediated by several factors, including epigenetic modifications. Our objective is to investigate, using genome-wide DNA methylation analyses, methylation changes following an n-3 FA supplementation in overweight and obese subjects and to identify specific biological pathways potentially altered by the supplementation. Results Blood leukocytes genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of 36 overweight and obese subjects before and after a 6-week supplementation with 3 g of n-3 FAs were compared using GenomeStudio software. After supplementation, 308 CpG sites, assigned to 231 genes, were differentially methylated (FDR-corrected Diffscore ≥│13│~ P ≤ 0.05). Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis system, a total of 55 pathways were significantly overrepresented following supplementation. Among these pathways, 16 were related to inflammatory and immune response, lipid metabolism, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular signaling. Changes in methylation levels of CpG sites within AKT3, ATF1, HDAC4, and IGFBP5 were correlated with changes in plasma triglyceride and glucose levels as well as with changes in the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol following the supplementation. Conclusions These data provide key differences in blood leukocytes DNA methylation profiles of subjects following an n-3 FA supplementation, which brings new, potential insights on metabolic pathways underlying the effects of n-3 FAs on CV health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0345-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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57
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Sadeghi A, Djafarian K, Mohammadi H, Shab-Bidar S. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11:157-162. [PMID: 27484441 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may improve insulin resistance in various diseases. However, the possible effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on insulin resistance in PCOS still remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on insulin resistance in women with PCOS in a meta-analysis. METHODS Literature searches of MEDLINE, PubMed Central and EMBASE for publications in English were conducted up to December 2015. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplements on insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Results are summarized as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled using random-effects models (the DerSimonian-Laird estimator). We assessed the potential sources of heterogeneity using the standard χ2 test. RESULTS Of 1202 papers, three RCTs were eligible for inclusion which involved 72 cases and 73 controls. The dose range for omega3 supplement was 1.2g to 3.6g and the duration of follow-up was from 6 to 8 weeks. There was no significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplements compared to placebo on insulin resistance (MD: 6.18; CI; -3.347, 15.382; p=0.208) and HOMA -IR (MD: 0.276; 95% CI=-1.428, 1.981; p=0.751) in women with PCOS. CONCLUSION The results provide an evidence that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may not have a beneficial effect on improving insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alirez Sadeghi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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58
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Slim KE, Vauzour D, Tejera N, Voshol PJ, Cassidy A, Minihane AM. The effect of dietary fish oil on weight gain and insulin sensitivity is dependent on APOE genotype in humanized targeted replacement mice. FASEB J 2017; 31:989-997. [PMID: 27895108 PMCID: PMC5295733 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600921rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the independent and interactive impact of the common APOE genotype and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the development of obesity and associated cardiometabolic dysfunction in a murine model. Human APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement mice were fed either a control high-fat diet (HFD) or an HFD supplemented with 3% n-3 PUFAs from fish oil (HFD + FO) for 8 wk. We established the impact of intervention on food intake, body weight, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass; plasma, lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), liver enzymes, and adipokines; glucose and insulin during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; and Glut4 and ApoE expression in VAT. HFD feeding induced more weight gain and higher plasma lipids in APOE3 compared to APOE4 mice (P < 0.05), along with a 2-fold higher insulin and impaired glucose tolerance. Supplementing APOE3, but not APOE4, animals with dietary n-3 PUFAs decreased body-weight gain, plasma lipids, and insulin (P < 0.05) and improved glucose tolerance, which was associated with increased VAT Glut4 mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that an APOE3 genotype predisposes mice to develop obesity and its metabolic complications, which was attenuated by n-3 PUFA supplementation.-Slim, K. E., Vauzour, D., Tejera, N., Voshol, P. J., Cassidy, A., Minihane, A. M. The effect of dietary fish oil on weight gain and insulin sensitivity is dependent on APOE genotype in humanized targeted replacement mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenna E Slim
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Voshol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Louis Bolk Institute, Driebergen, The Netherlands; and
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom;
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Improvement of cardiometabolic markers after fish oil intervention in young Mexican adults and the role of PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:98-106. [PMID: 28282585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contained in fish oil (FO) are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) that may induce changes in cardiometabolic markers. Variation in PPAR genes may influence the beneficial responses linked to FO supplementation in young adults. The study aimed to analyze the effect of FO supplementation on glucose metabolism, circulating lipids and inflammation according to PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A genotypes in young Mexican adults. 191 young, non-smoking subjects between 18 and 40 years were included in a one-arm study. Participants were supplemented with 2.7 g/day of EPA+DHA, during six weeks. Dietary analysis, body composition measurements and indicators for glucose metabolism, circulating lipids, and markers for inflammation were analyzed before and after intervention. An overall decrease in triglycerides (TG) and an increase in HS-ω3 index were observed in all subjects [-4.1 mg/dL, (SD:±51.7), P=.02 and 2.6%, (SD:±1.2), P<.001 respectively]. Mean fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) were significantly decreased in all subjects [-0.547mlU/L, (SD:±10.29), P=.034 and-0.07%, (SD:±0.3), P<.001 respectively], whereas there was no change in body composition, fasting glucose, adiponectin and inflammatory markers. Subjects carrying the minor alleles of PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A had higher responses in reduction of TG and fasting insulin respectively. Interestingly, doses below 2.7 g/day (1.8 g/day) were sufficient to induce a significant reduction in fasting insulin and HbA1c% from baseline (P=.019 and P<.001). The observed responses in triglycerides and fasting insulin in the Mexican population give further evidence of the importance of FO supplementation in young people as an early step towards the prevention of cardiometabolic disease.
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Koh KK. Letter by Koh Regarding Article, "Effect of Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction: The OMEGA-REMODEL Randomized Clinical Trial". Circulation 2017; 135:e9-e10. [PMID: 28069716 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Kon Koh
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea; and Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
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Da Boit M, Sibson R, Sivasubramaniam S, Meakin JR, Greig CA, Aspden RM, Thies F, Jeromson S, Hamilton DL, Speakman JR, Hambly C, Mangoni AA, Preston T, Gray SR. Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:151-158. [PMID: 27852617 PMCID: PMC5183731 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.140780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise increases muscle mass and function in older adults, but responses are attenuated compared with younger people. Data suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may enhance adaptations to resistance exercise in older women. To our knowledge, this possibility has not been investigated in men. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effects of long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation on resistance exercise training-induced increases in muscle mass and function and whether these effects differ between older men and women. DESIGN Fifty men and women [men: n = 27, mean ± SD age: 70.6 ± 4.5 y, mean ± SD body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 25.6 ± 4.2; women: n = 23, mean ± SD age: 70.7 ± 3.3 y, mean ± SD BMI: 25.3 ± 4.7] were randomly assigned to either long-chain n-3 PUFA (n = 23; 3 g fish oil/d) or placebo (n = 27; 3 g safflower oil/d) and participated in lower-limb resistance exercise training twice weekly for 18 wk. Muscle size, strength, and quality (strength per unit muscle area), functional abilities, and circulating metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS Maximal isometric torque increased after exercise training to a greater (P < 0.05) extent in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group in women, with no differences (P > 0.05) between groups in men. In both sexes, the effect of exercise training on maximal isokinetic torque at 30, 90, and 240° s-1, 4-m walk time, chair-rise time, muscle anatomic cross-sectional area, and muscle fat did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. There was a greater (P < 0.05) increase in muscle quality in women after exercise training in the long-chain n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group, with no such differences in men (P > 0.05). Long-chain n-3 PUFAs resulted in a greater decrease (P < 0.05) than the placebo in plasma triglyceride concentrations in both sexes, with no differences (P > 0.05) in glucose, insulin, or inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation augments increases in muscle function and quality in older women but not in older men after resistance exercise training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02843009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judith R Meakin
- Exeter MR Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn A Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences and
- Medical Research Council Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stewart Jeromson
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Thomas Preston
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Bellavia A, Larsson SC, Wolk A. Fish consumption and all-cause mortality in a cohort of Swedish men and women. J Intern Med 2017; 281:86-95. [PMID: 27601091 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies of fish consumption and all-cause mortality have provided inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE We examined the dose-response association between fish consumption and mortality from all causes in a large population-based cohort of Swedish men and women. METHODS The study included 72 522 participants (33 973 women and 38 549 men), aged 45-83 years, from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men. Information on fish consumption was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire in 1997. Participants were followed for 17 years (1 January 1998 to 31 December 2014), and data on death and causes of death were ascertained through linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of death. Fish consumption was evaluated as a continuous predictor, flexibly modelled with restricted cubic splines to assess potential nonlinear associations. RESULTS During follow-up, 16 730 deaths (7168 women and 9562 men) were recorded. The dose-response association between fish consumption and all-cause mortality was U-shaped. Compared with the median fish consumption (women: 25.0; men: 30.5 g day-1 ), lower levels of consumption were progressively associated with higher mortality risk up to 25% for women [HR 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 1.40] and 19% for men (HR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.32) with no reported consumption. Increasingly higher levels of fish consumption were associated with higher mortality risk only amongst women, with a 39% higher mortality risk amongst women reporting the highest level of fish consumption (80 g day-1 ; HR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.68). CONCLUSION These results indicate a U-shaped association between fish consumption and all-cause mortality, particularly amongst women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bellavia
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S C Larsson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Thota RN, Acharya SH, Abbott KA, Garg ML. Curcumin and long-chain Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for Prevention of type 2 Diabetes (COP-D): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:565. [PMID: 27894336 PMCID: PMC5126844 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle interventions, including increase in physical activity and dietary counselling, have shown the ability to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) in high-risk state individuals, but the prevalence is still skyrocketing in Australia, in line with global prevalence. Currently, no medicines are approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia for the management of prediabetes. Therefore, there is a need of developing a safer, biologically efficacious and cost-effective alternative for delaying the transition of individual health state from prediabetes into T2D. In the current trial we propose to evaluate the effects of curcumin and/or long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on improving glycosylated haemoglobin as a primary outcome, along with secondary outcomes of glycaemic indices, lipid profile and inflammatory parameters. Methods/design Eighty individuals diagnosed with prediabetes, aged between 30 and 70 years, will be randomly assigned to double placebo, curcumin alone, fish oil alone or double active groups according to a computer-generated randomisation sequence for 12 weeks. At baseline and post-intervention visits participants will be asked to provide blood samples and undergo body composition measurements. A blood sample is used for estimating glycaemic profiles, lipid profiles and inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein, whole blood cell count, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6). The interim visit includes review on compliance with supplements based on capsule log and capsule count, adverse events and anthropometric measurements. In addition to these procedures, participants provide self-reported questionnaires on dietary intake (using a 3-day food record), a physical activity questionnaire and medical history. Discussion This trial aims to determine whether curcumin and/or long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect surrogate markers of glycaemic control which is relevant to delaying T2D. To date 38 participants completed the trial. No changes have been made to the clinical protocol post recruitment. If successful, this trial will provide considerable evidence for performing a larger trial to investigate whether this combination can be administered for preventing or delaying the onset of T2D in high-risk individuals. Trial registration ACTRN12615000559516, registered on 29 May 2015). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1702-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith N Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 305C Medical Sciences Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shamasunder H Acharya
- Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie A Abbott
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 305C Medical Sciences Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 305C Medical Sciences Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Abbott KA, Burrows TL, Thota RN, Acharya S, Garg ML. Do ω-3 PUFAs affect insulin resistance in a sex-specific manner? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1470-1484. [PMID: 27680989 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has suggested that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) improve obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR); however, results from human intervention trials have been equivocal. Recently it has been reported that n-3 PUFA status is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes in women but not in men, suggesting a sex-dependent effect. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether n-3 PUFA interventions affect IR in a sex-dependent manner. DESIGN Five databases were searched (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Pre-Medline) for randomized controlled trials. Searches were limited to the English language and to studies with adults aged >18 y. When possible, studies were pooled for a meta-analysis. The principle summary measure was the standardized mean difference (SMD) between groups. RESULTS Thirty-one eligible trials were identified with a total of 1848 participants [men: 45.1%; weighted mean ± SD age: 52.5 ± 8.2 y; weighted body mass index (in kg/m2): 28.8 ± 3.0]. Seven studies were conducted in women, 4 studies were conducted in men, and the remaining studies pooled men and women together. Twenty-six trials were pooled for the meta-analysis (men: n = 2; women: n = 6). With all studies (n = 26) pooled, there was no effect of n-3 PUFA on IR at the group level (SMD: 0.089; 95% CI: -0.105, 0.283; P = 0.367). In trials of ≥6 wk, a significant improvement in IR was seen in women (SMD: -0.266; 95% CI: -0.524, -0.007; P = 0.045) but not in men (SMD: 0.619; 95% CI: -0.583, 1.820; P = 0.313). CONCLUSIONS With this analysis, we provide preliminary evidence of a sex-dependent response of IR to an n-3 PUFA intervention. Additional studies are needed to confirm sex-dependent associations and to elucidate the potential mechanisms that are involved. This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42015017940.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; and
| | | | - Shamasunder Acharya
- Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia
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Zheng JS, Lin M, Fang L, Yu Y, Yuan L, Jin Y, Feng J, Wang L, Yang H, Chen W, Li D, Tang J, Cai W, Shi M, Li Z, Wang F, Li D. Effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements on glycemic traits in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2176-2184. [PMID: 27279274 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To investigate the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements, both marine and plant-based, on glycemic traits in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. METHOD AND RESULTS In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 185 recruited Chinese type 2 diabetes patients were randomized to either fish oil (FO, n = 63), flaxseed oil (FSO, n = 61), or corn oil group (served as control group, n = 61) for 180 days. The patients were asked to take corresponding oil capsules (four capsules/day), which totally provided 2 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid in FO group and 2.5 g/day of alpha-linolenic acid in FSO group. No group × time interaction was observed for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting insulin, or glucose. Significant group × time interaction (P = 0.035) was observed for glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), with HbA1c decreased in FO group compared with corn oil group (P = 0.037). We also found significant group × time interactions for lipid traits, including LDL cholesterol (P = 0.043), total cholesterol (P = 0.021), total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (P = 0.009), and triacylglycerol (P = 0.003), with the lipid profiles improved in FO group. No significant effects of FSO on glycemic traits or blood lipids were observed. CONCLUSIONS Marine n-3 PUFA supplements may improve glycemic control and lipid profiles among Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Second Provincial People's Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshan People's Hospital, Changshan, China
| | - Liping Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshan People's Hospital, Changshan, China
| | - Yongxin Jin
- Second Provincial People's Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jueping Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Second Provincial People's Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Second Provincial People's Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Shi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenglei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Albert BB, Cameron-Smith D, Garg ML, Derraik JG, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Marine oils: Complex, confusing, confounded? JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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67
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Zheng JS, Lin M, Imamura F, Cai W, Wang L, Feng JP, Ruan Y, Tang J, Wang F, Yang H, Li D. Serum metabolomics profiles in response to n-3 fatty acids in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29522. [PMID: 27404516 PMCID: PMC4941578 DOI: 10.1038/srep29522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the change of serum metabolomics in response to n-3 fatty acid supplements in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a double-blind parallel randomised controlled trial, 59 Chinese T2D patients were randomised to receive either fish oil (FO), flaxseed oil (FSO) or corn oil capsules (CO, served as a control group) and followed up for 180 days. An additional 17 healthy non-T2D participants were recruited at baseline for cross-sectional comparison between cases and non-cases. A total of 296 serum metabolites were measured among healthy controls and T2D patients before and after the intervention. Serum 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF) (P-interaction = 1.8 × 10(-7)) was the most significant metabolite identified by repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by eicosapentaenoate (P-interaction = 4.6 × 10(-6)), 1-eicosapentaenoylglycerophosphocholine (P-interaction = 3.4 × 10(-4)), docosahexaenoate (P-interaction = 0.001), linolenate (n-3 or n-6, P-interaction = 0.005) and docosapentaenoate (n-3, P-interaction = 0.021). CMPF level was lower in T2D patients than in the healthy controls (P = 0.014) and it was significantly increased in the FO compared with CO group (P = 1.17 × 10(-7)). Furthermore, change of CMPF during the intervention was negatively correlated with change of serum triglycerides (P = 0.016). In conclusion, furan fatty acid metabolite CMPF was the strongest biomarker of fish oil intake. The association of CMPF with metabolic markers warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Wenwen Cai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jue-Ping Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Yue Ruan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fenglei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Forouhi NG, Imamura F, Sharp SJ, Koulman A, Schulze MB, Zheng J, Ye Z, Sluijs I, Guevara M, Huerta JM, Kröger J, Wang LY, Summerhill K, Griffin JL, Feskens EJM, Affret A, Amiano P, Boeing H, Dow C, Fagherazzi G, Franks PW, Gonzalez C, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Khaw KT, Kühn T, Mortensen LM, Nilsson PM, Overvad K, Pala V, Palli D, Panico S, Quirós JR, Rodriguez-Barranco M, Rolandsson O, Sacerdote C, Scalbert A, Slimani N, Spijkerman AMW, Tjonneland A, Tormo MJ, Tumino R, van der A DL, van der Schouw YT, Langenberg C, Riboli E, Wareham NJ. Association of Plasma Phospholipid n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Case-Cohort Study. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002094. [PMID: 27434045 PMCID: PMC4951144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether and how n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is debated. Objectively measured plasma PUFAs can help to clarify these associations. METHODS AND FINDINGS Plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography among 12,132 incident T2D cases and 15,919 subcohort participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study across eight European countries. Country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression and pooled by random-effects meta-analysis. We also systematically reviewed published prospective studies on circulating PUFAs and T2D risk and pooled the quantitative evidence for comparison with results from EPIC-InterAct. In EPIC-InterAct, among long-chain n-3 PUFAs, α-linolenic acid (ALA) was inversely associated with T2D (HR per standard deviation [SD] 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.98), but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were not significantly associated. Among n-6 PUFAs, linoleic acid (LA) (0.80; 95% CI 0.77-0.83) and eicosadienoic acid (EDA) (0.89; 95% CI 0.85-0.94) were inversely related, and arachidonic acid (AA) was not significantly associated, while significant positive associations were observed with γ-linolenic acid (GLA), dihomo-GLA, docosatetraenoic acid (DTA), and docosapentaenoic acid (n6-DPA), with HRs between 1.13 to 1.46 per SD. These findings from EPIC-InterAct were broadly similar to comparative findings from summary estimates from up to nine studies including between 71 to 2,499 T2D cases. Limitations included potential residual confounding and the inability to distinguish between dietary and metabolic influences on plasma phospholipid PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS These large-scale findings suggest an important inverse association of circulating plant-origin n-3 PUFA (ALA) but no convincing association of marine-derived n3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) with T2D. Moreover, they highlight that the most abundant n6-PUFA (LA) is inversely associated with T2D. The detection of associations with previously less well-investigated PUFAs points to the importance of considering individual fatty acids rather than focusing on fatty acid class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Jusheng Zheng
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Ye
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ivonne Sluijs
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Navarre Public Health Institute (ISPN), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Janine Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Aurélie Affret
- Inserm, CESP, U1018, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- Instituto BIO-Donostia, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Courtney Dow
- Inserm, CESP, U1018, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Inserm, CESP, U1018, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kay Tee Khaw
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lotte Maxild Mortensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Citta' della Salute e della Scienza Hospital-University of Turin and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Maria-Jose Tormo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, Civic and M.P.Arezzo Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Daphne L. van der A
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Albert BB, Derraik JG, Garg ML, Cameron-Smith D, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Reply to N Hoem. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1558-9. [PMID: 27251189 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Albert
- From the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (BBA, JGBD, DC-S, PLH; WSC, e-mail: ); and the Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia (MLG)
| | - José Gb Derraik
- From the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (BBA, JGBD, DC-S, PLH; WSC, e-mail: ); and the Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia (MLG)
| | - Manohar L Garg
- From the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (BBA, JGBD, DC-S, PLH; WSC, e-mail: ); and the Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia (MLG)
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- From the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (BBA, JGBD, DC-S, PLH; WSC, e-mail: ); and the Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia (MLG)
| | - Paul L Hofman
- From the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (BBA, JGBD, DC-S, PLH; WSC, e-mail: ); and the Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia (MLG)
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- From the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (BBA, JGBD, DC-S, PLH; WSC, e-mail: ); and the Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia (MLG)
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Hoem N. Challenging the claim that intake of krill oil is associated with increased metabolic risk in overweight men. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1557-8. [PMID: 27251188 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hoem
- From Aker BioMarine, Lysaker, Norway (e-mail: )
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71
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Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Lost in Translation? Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060329. [PMID: 27258299 PMCID: PMC4924170 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of marine origin, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been long studied for their therapeutic potential in the context of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and glucose homeostasis. Glaring discordance between observations in animal and human studies precludes, to date, any practical application of n-3 PUFA as nutritional therapeutics against insulin resistance in humans. Our objective in this review is to summarize current knowledge and provide an up-to-date commentary on the therapeutic value of EPA and DHA supplementation for improving insulin sensitivity in humans. We also sought to discuss potential mechanisms of n-3 PUFA action in target tissues, in specific skeletal muscle, based on our recent work, as well as in liver and adipose tissue. We conducted a literature search to include all preclinical and clinical studies performed within the last two years and to comment on representative studies published earlier. Recent studies support a growing consensus that there are beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on insulin sensitivity in rodents. Observational studies in humans are encouraging, however, the vast majority of human intervention studies fail to demonstrate the benefit of n-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes or insulin-resistant non-diabetic people. Nevertheless, there are still several unanswered questions regarding the potential impact of n-3 PUFA on metabolic function in humans.
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Rivas E, Wooten JS, Newmire DE, Ben-Ezra V. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation combined with acute aerobic exercise does not alter the improved post-exercise insulin response in normoglycemic, inactive and overweight men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1255-65. [PMID: 27155848 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine if omega-3 (n-3) supplementation combined with acute aerobic exercise would improve glucose and insulin responses in normoglycemic, inactive, overweight men. METHODS In a random order, ten inactive and normoglycemic men (30.6 ± 10 years, 85.4 ± 11 kg, 26.7 ± 4 BMI) completed a rest (R) and exercise trial (EX) without n-3 supplementation. Following 42 days of n-3 supplementation, participants again completed a rest (R + n-3) and exercise trial (EX + n-3) with continued n-3 supplementation. The exercise trial consisted of 3 days of ~70 % VO2peak for 60 min/session. N-3 supplementation entailed 4.55 g/day of n-3 (EPA 2.45 g, DHA 1.61 g). A 75 g oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) test was administered 14-16 h after each trial. RESULTS Relative to R (35,278 ± 9169 pmol/L), EX without n-3 reduced the incremental area under the curve for insulin (iAUCinsulin) during an OGTT by 21.3 % (27765 ± 4925 pmol/L, p = 0.018) and 20.6 % after the EX + n-3 trial (27,999 ± 8370 pmol/L; p = 0.007). In addition, EX (96 ± 21 pmol/L; p = 0.006) reduced C-peptide by 13.5 % when compared to R (111 ± 26 pmol/L). No difference was observed between R and n-3 trials for iAUCinsulin and iAUCC-peptide. Only EX improved insulin sensitivity index by 5.6 % (p = 0.02) when compared to R. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that n-3 supplementation does not add any additional benefit beyond the exercise induced insulin responses in inactive men. Furthermore, n-3 supplementation alone does not appear to impair insulin action in normoglycemic, inactive, overweight men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivas
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA. .,Institute for Clinical and Translational Science & Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Joshua S Wooten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Daniel E Newmire
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Vic Ben-Ezra
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
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73
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Tajuddin N, Shaikh A, Hassan A. Prescription omega-3 fatty acid products: considerations for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016; 9:109-18. [PMID: 27143943 PMCID: PMC4846047 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s97036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome contribute to hypertriglyceridemia, which may increase residual risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with elevated triglyceride (TG) levels despite optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with statin therapy. Prescription products containing the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (OM3FAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are an effective strategy for reducing TG levels. This article provides an overview of prescription OM3FAs, including relevant clinical data in patients with T2DM and/or metabolic syndrome. Prescription OM3FAs contain either combinations of DHA and EPA (omega-3-acid ethyl esters, omega-3-carboxylic acids, omega-3-acid ethyl esters A) or EPA alone (icosapent ethyl). These products are well tolerated and can be used safely with statins. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that all prescription OM3FAs produce statistically significant reductions in TG levels compared with placebo; however, differential effects on LDL-C levels have been reported. Products containing DHA may increase LDL-C levels, whereas the EPA-only product did not increase LDL-C levels compared with placebo. Because increases in LDL-C levels may be unwanted in patients with T2DM and/or dyslipidemia, the EPA-only product should not be replaced with products containing DHA. Available data on the effects of OM3FAs in patients with diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome support that these products can be used safely in patients with T2DM and have beneficial effects on atherogenic parameters; in particular, the EPA-only prescription product significantly reduced TG, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo B, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity CRP levels without increasing LDL-C levels compared with placebo. Ongoing studies of the effects of prescription OM3FAs on cardiovascular outcomes will help determine whether these products will emerge as effective add-on options to statin therapy for reduction of residual cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Tajuddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Shaikh
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Houston, TX, USA
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74
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Wallin A, Di Giuseppe D, Orsini N, Åkesson A, Forouhi NG, Wolk A. Fish consumption and frying of fish in relation to type 2 diabetes incidence: a prospective cohort study of Swedish men. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:843-852. [PMID: 26687687 PMCID: PMC5334379 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Epidemiological evidence on the association between fish consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes is heterogeneous across geographical regions. Differences related to fish consumption pattern could possibly help explain the discrepancy between the findings. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between fish consumption (total, fried, specific fish items) and type 2 diabetes incidence, taking exposure to contaminants present in fish (polychlorinated biphenyls and methyl mercury) into consideration. Methods The population-based Cohort of Swedish Men, including 35,583 men aged 45–79 years, was followed from 1998 to 2012. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox proportional hazards models. Results During 15 years of follow-up, 3624 incident cases were identified. Total fish consumption (≥4 servings/week vs. <1 serving/week) was not associated with type 2 diabetes in multivariable-adjusted analysis (HR 1.00; 95 % CI 0.85–1.18); however, a statistically non-significant inverse association was observed after adjustment for dietary contaminant exposures (HR 0.79; 95 % CI 0.60–1.04). Fried fish (≥6 servings/month vs. ≤1 servings/month) and shellfish consumption (≥1 serving/week vs. never/seldom) were associated with HRs of 1.14 (95 % CI 1.03–1.31) and 1.21 (95 % CI 1.07–1.36), respectively. Conclusions We observed no overall association between total fish consumption and type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that dietary contaminants in fish may influence the relationship. Fried fish and shellfish consumption were associated with higher type 2 diabetes incidence. These findings suggest that more specific advice on fish species sub-types (varying in contamination) and preparation methods may be warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1132-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wallin
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniela Di Giuseppe
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Orsini
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jeromson S, Gallagher IJ, Galloway SDR, Hamilton DL. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Skeletal Muscle Health. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6977-7004. [PMID: 26610527 PMCID: PMC4663562 DOI: 10.3390/md13116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue capable of adapting and mal-adapting to physical activity and diet. The response of skeletal muscle to adaptive stimuli, such as exercise, can be modified by the prior nutritional status of the muscle. The influence of nutrition on skeletal muscle has the potential to substantially impact physical function and whole body metabolism. Animal and cell based models show that omega-3 fatty acids, in particular those of marine origin, can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Furthermore, recent human studies demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin can influence the exercise and nutritional response of skeletal muscle. These studies show that the prior omega-3 status influences not only the metabolic response of muscle to nutrition, but also the functional response to a period of exercise training. Omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin therefore have the potential to alter the trajectory of a number of human diseases including the physical decline associated with aging. We explore the potential molecular mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids may act in skeletal muscle, considering the n-3/n-6 ratio, inflammation and lipidomic remodelling as possible mechanisms of action. Finally, we suggest some avenues for further research to clarify how omega-3 fatty acids may be exerting their biological action in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Jeromson
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - Stuart D R Galloway
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
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Fish oil supplemented for 9 months does not improve glycaemic control or insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired glucose regulation: a parallel randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:75-86. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effects of fish oil (FO) supplementation on glycaemic control are unclear, and positive effects may occur only when the phospholipid content of tissue membranes exceeds 14 % asn-3 PUFA. Subjects (n36, thirty-three completed) were paired based on metabolic parameters and allocated into a parallel double-blind randomised trial with one of each pair offered daily either 6 g of FO (3·9 gn-3 PUFA) or 6 g of maize oil (MO) for 9 months. Hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic–euaminoacidaemic (HIEGEAA) clamps (with [6,62H2glucose]) were performed at the start and end of the intervention. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) and whole-body protein turnover (WBPT) were each measured after an overnight fast. The primary outcome involved the effect of oil type on insulin sensitivity related to glycaemic control. The secondary outcome involved the effect of oil type on WBPT. Subjects on FO (n16) had increased erythrocyten-3 PUFA concentrations >14 %, whereas subjects on MO (n17) had unalteredn-3 PUFA concentrations at 9 %. Type of oil had no effect on fasting EGP, insulin sensitivity or total glucose disposal during the HIEGEAA clamp. In contrast, under insulin-stimulated conditions, total protein disposal (P=0·007) and endogenous WBPT (P=0·001) were both increased with FO. In an associated pilot study (n4, three completed), althoughn-3 PUFA in erythrocyte membranes increased to >14 % with the FO supplement, the enrichment in muscle membranes remained lower (8 %;P<0·001). In conclusion, long-term supplementation with FO, at amounts near the safety limits set by regulatory authorities in Europe and the USA, did not alter glycaemic control but did have an impact on WBPT.
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Does Consumption of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Affect Lipid Profile and Fasting Blood Glucose in Patients With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury? A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. TOP CLIN NUTR 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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78
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Damsgaard CT, Ritz C, Dalskov SM, Landberg R, Stark KD, Biltoft-Jensen A, Tetens I, Astrup A, Michaelsen KF, Lauritzen L. Associations between school meal-induced dietary changes and metabolic syndrome markers in 8–11-year-old Danish children. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1973-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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79
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Ould Hamouda H, Delplanque B, Benomar Y, Crépin D, Riffault L, LeRuyet P, Bonhomme C, Taouis M. Milk-soluble formula increases food intake and reduces Il6 expression in elderly rat hypothalami. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:67-80. [PMID: 25994005 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition in the elderly is accompanied by several metabolic dysfunctions, especially alterations in energy homeostasis regulation and a loss of insulin responsiveness. Nutritional recommendations aim to enrich food with high protein and energy supplements, and protein composition and lipid quality have been widely studied. Despite the numerous studies that have examined attempts to overcome malnutrition in the elderly through such nutritional supplementation, it is still necessary to study the effects of a combination of protein, lipids, and vitamin D (VitD). This can be done in animal models of elderly malnutrition. In the present study, we investigated the effects of several diet formulae on insulin responsiveness, inflammation, and the hypothalamic expression of key genes that are involved in energy homeostasis control. To mimic elderly malnutrition in humans, elderly Wistar rats were food restricted (R, -50%) for 12 weeks and then refed for 4 weeks with one of four different isocaloric diets: a control diet; a diet where milk soluble protein (MSP) replaced casein; a blend of milk fat, rapeseed, and DHA (MRD); or a full formula (FF) diet that combined MSP and a blend of MRD (FF). All of the refeeding diets contained VitD. We concluded that: (i) food restriction led to the upregulation of insulin receptor in liver and adipose tissue accompanied by increased Tnfα in the hypothalamus; (ii) in all of the refed groups, refeeding led to similar body weight gain during the refeeding period; and (iii) refeeding with MSP and MRD diets induced higher food intake on the fourth week of refeeding, and this increase was associated with reduced hypothalamic interleukin 6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassina Ould Hamouda
- Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France
| | - Bernadette Delplanque
- Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France
| | - Yacir Benomar
- Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France
| | - Delphine Crépin
- Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France
| | - Laure Riffault
- Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France
| | - Pascale LeRuyet
- Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France
| | - Cécile Bonhomme
- Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France
| | - Mohammed Taouis
- Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireUniversity of Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceNeuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise AlimentaireCNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, F-91405 Orsay, FranceService NutritionLactalis Recherche et Développement, 8 Fromy, CS 60082, 35240 Retiers, FranceLactalis Nutrition Parc d'Activité de Torcé-secteur Est35370 Torcé, France
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Turyk M, Fantuzzi G, Persky V, Freels S, Lambertino A, Pini M, Rhodes DH, Anderson HA. Persistent organic pollutants and biomarkers of diabetes risk in a cohort of Great Lakes sport caught fish consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:335-44. [PMID: 25913152 PMCID: PMC4492847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with increased diabetes risk, although the mechanism of action is not well delineated. METHODS We investigated established diabetes biomarkers that could implicate potential mechanistic pathways, including C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation; gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), a liver enzyme associated with oxidative stress; and adiponectin, an adipokine modulating glucose regulation and fatty acid oxidation. These biomarkers as well as hemoglobin A1c (HA1c), and POPs [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)] were measured in a cohort of Great Lakes sport caught fish (GLSCF) consumers. We examined associations of POPs and fish consumption with HA1c and incident diabetes, and evaluated mediation and moderation by the diabetes biomarkers. RESULTS Odds of incident diabetes were elevated with exposure to DDE and PCBs. DDE and PCB 118 were positively, and fish meals were inversely, associated with HA1c. CRP was inversely associated with saltwater and total fish meals, particularly in persons with higher adiposity, but did not mediate the associations of fish meals with HA1c. There were few associations of POPs with adiponectin, CRP and GGT, with the exception of positive associations of PCB 118 with GGT, PBDEs with GGT in older persons, and PBDEs with adiponectin. Adiponectin, CRP and GGT did not mediate associations of DDE and PCBs with HA1c or incident diabetes. However, the association of DDE with HA1c was stronger in persons with higher CRP, GGT and BMI, and lower adiponectin, while the association of PCB 118 with HA1c was stronger in persons with higher GGT. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that adiponectin, CRP and GGT did not mediate effects of POPs on diabetes or HA1c. However, POPs may have stronger effects on blood glucose in persons at higher risk for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Turyk
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Victoria Persky
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Sally Freels
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Anissa Lambertino
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Maria Pini
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 872, Paris F-75006, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Davina H Rhodes
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Henry A Anderson
- Wisconsin Division of Public Health, 1 W. Wilson St., Room 150, Madison, WI 53702, United States
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Lalia AZ, Johnson ML, Jensen MD, Hames KC, Port JD, Lanza IR. Effects of Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids on Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Insulin-Resistant Humans. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:1228-37. [PMID: 25852206 PMCID: PMC4477338 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), prevent insulin resistance and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in rodents, but the findings of translational studies in humans are thus far ambiguous. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of EPA and DHA on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and muscle mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant, nondiabetic humans using a robust study design and gold-standard measurements. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-one insulin-resistant adults received 3.9 g/day EPA+DHA or placebo for 6 months in a randomized double-blind study. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with somatostatin was used to assess hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Postprandial glucose disposal and insulin secretion were measured after a meal. Measurements were performed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Abdominal fat distribution was evaluated by MRI. Muscle oxidative capacity was measured in isolated mitochondria using high-resolution respirometry and noninvasively by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Compared with placebo, EPA+DHA did not alter peripheral insulin sensitivity, postprandial glucose disposal, or insulin secretion. Hepatic insulin sensitivity, determined from the suppression of endogenous glucose production by insulin, exhibited a small but significant improvement with EPA+DHA compared with placebo. Muscle mitochondrial function was unchanged by EPA+DHA or placebo. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that dietary EPA+DHA does not improve peripheral glucose disposal, insulin secretion, or skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant nondiabetic humans. There was a modest improvement in hepatic insulin sensitivity with EPA+DHA, but this was not associated with any improvements in clinically meaningful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Z Lalia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew L Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Kazanna C Hames
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - John D Port
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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Albert BB, Derraik JGB, Brennan CM, Biggs JB, Garg ML, Cameron-Smith D, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Supplementation with a blend of krill and salmon oil is associated with increased metabolic risk in overweight men. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:49-57. [PMID: 26016867 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krill is an increasingly popular source of marine n-3 (ω-3) PUFA that is seen as a premium product. However, to our knowledge, the effect of krill-oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity in humans has not been reported. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether supplementation with a blend of krill and salmon (KS) oil [which is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] affects insulin sensitivity in overweight men. DESIGN The design was a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial. A total of 47 men with a mean ± SD age of 46.5 ± 5.1 y, who were overweight [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) from 25 to 30] but otherwise healthy, received 5 1-g capsules of KS oil or a control (canola oil) for 8 wk and crossed over to another treatment after an 8-wk washout period. The primary outcome was insulin sensitivity assessed by using the Matsuda method from an oral-glucose-tolerance test. Secondary outcomes included lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, and carotid artery intimamedia thickness. RESULTS Unexpectedly, insulin sensitivity (per the Matsuda index) was 14% lower with the KS oil than with the control oil (P = 0.049). A mediation analysis showed that, after controlling for the likely positive effects of blood EPA and DHA (i.e., the omega-3 index), the reduction in insulin sensitivity after KS-oil supplementation was more marked [27% lower than with the control oil (P = 0.009)]. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with a blend of KS oil is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. Thus, krill-oil supplementation in overweight adults could exacerbate risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This trial was prospectively registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12611000602921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Albert
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - José G B Derraik
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | | | - Janene B Biggs
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Paul L Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
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83
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Should the pharmacological actions of dietary fatty acids in cardiometabolic disorders be classified based on biological or chemical function? Prog Lipid Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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84
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Rousseaux J, Duhamel A, Dumont J, Dallongeville J, Molnar D, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Sjöström M, Kafatos A, Breidenassel C, Gonzales-Gross M, Cuenca-Garcia M, Censi L, Ascensión M, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Meirhaeghe A, Gottrand F. The n-3 long-chain PUFAs modulate the impact of the GCKR Pro446Leu polymorphism on triglycerides in adolescents. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1774-80. [PMID: 26136510 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary n-3 long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) are associated with improvement in the parameters of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) is a key protein regulating intracellular glucose disposal. Our aim was to investigate: i) the relationship between the GCKR rs1260326 (Pro446Leu) polymorphism and parameters of the MetS; and ii) a potential influence of n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA levels on this relationship in the HELENA study (1,155 European adolescents). Linear regression analyses were performed to study the association between rs1260326 and the outcomes of interest. Interactions between rs1260326 and LC-PUFA levels on outcomes were explored. The T allele of rs1260326 was associated with higher serum TG concentrations compared with the C allele. In contrast to n-6 LC-PUFA levels, a significant interaction (P = 0.01) between rs1260326 and total n-3 LC-PUFA levels on serum TG concentrations was observed. After stratification on the n-3 LC-PUFA median values, the association between rs1260326 and TG concentration was significant only in the group with high n-3 LC-PUFA levels. In conclusion, this is the first evidence that n-3 LC-PUFAs may modulate the impact of the GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism on TG concentrations in adolescents. Several molecular mechanisms, in link with glucose uptake, could explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rousseaux
- Inserm U995, LIRIC, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France Unité de Biostatistiques, CERIM, EA2694, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alain Duhamel
- Unité de Biostatistiques, CERIM, EA2694, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dumont
- Inserm UMR1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- Inserm UMR1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria and Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christina Breidenassel
- Institut für Ernährungs-und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Humanernährung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcela Gonzales-Gross
- Facultad de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Censi
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcos Ascensión
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- Inserm UMR1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
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85
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Voortman T, van den Hooven EH, Braun KVE, van den Broek M, Bramer WM, Chowdhurry R, Franco OH. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and status during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:67-87. [PMID: 26025302 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The importance of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake in fetal life and infancy has been widely studied in relation to child cognitive and visual development, but whether early life PUFA exposure is related to cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear. The focus of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of PUFA dietary intake and blood levels during pregnancy, lactation, or early childhood (⩽5 y) on obesity, blood pressure, blood lipids, and insulin sensitivity. We identified 4302 abstracts in the databases Embase, Medline and Cochrane Central (April 2014), of which 56 articles, reporting on 45 unique studies, met all selection criteria. Many of the included studies focused on obesity as an outcome (33 studies), whereas studies on insulin sensitivity were relatively scarce (6 studies). Overall, results for obesity, blood pressure, and blood lipids were inconsistent, with a few studies reporting effects in opposite directions and other studies that did not observe any effects of PUFAs on these outcomes. Four studies suggested beneficial effects of PUFAs on insulin sensitivity. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to support a beneficial effect of PUFAs in fetal life or early childhood on obesity, blood pressure, or blood lipids. More research is needed to investigate the potential favorable effects of PUFAs on insulin sensitivity, and to examine the role of specific fatty acids in early life on later cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Edith H van den Hooven
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim V E Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion van den Broek
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajiv Chowdhurry
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Takkunen MJ, Schwab US, de Mello VDF, Eriksson JG, Lindström J, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa MIJ. Longitudinal associations of serum fatty acid composition with type 2 diabetes risk and markers of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:967-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bhaswant M, Poudyal H, Brown L. Mechanisms of enhanced insulin secretion and sensitivity with n-3 unsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:571-84. [PMID: 25841249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The widespread acceptance that increased dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), improve health is based on extensive studies in animals, isolated cells and humans. Visceral adiposity is part of the metabolic syndrome, together with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and inflammation. Alleviation of metabolic syndrome requires normalization of insulin release and responses. This review assesses our current knowledge of the mechanisms that allow n-3 PUFAs to improve insulin secretion and sensitivity. EPA has been more extensively studied than either ALA or DHA. The complex actions of EPA include increased G-protein-receptor-mediated release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from enteroendocrine L-cells in the intestine, up-regulation of the apelin pathway and down-regulation of other control pathways to promote insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cells, together with suppression of inflammatory responses to adipokines, inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α actions and prevention of decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion to improve peripheral insulin responses. The receptors involved and the mechanisms of action probably differ for ALA and DHA, with antiobesity effects predominating for ALA and anti-inflammatory effects for DHA. Modifying both GLP-1 release and the actions of adipokines by n-3 PUFAs could lead to additive improvements in both insulin secretion and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharshi Bhaswant
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention & Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3021, Australia; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Hemant Poudyal
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
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88
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Franekova V, Angin Y, Hoebers NTH, Coumans WA, Simons PJ, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP, Larsen TS. Marine omega-3 fatty acids prevent myocardial insulin resistance and metabolic remodeling as induced experimentally by high insulin exposure. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C297-307. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00073.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an important risk factor for the development of several cardiac pathologies, thus advocating strategies for restoring insulin sensitivity of the heart in these conditions. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3), have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-sensitive tissues, but their direct effect on insulin signaling and metabolic parameters in the myocardium has not been reported previously. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the ability of EPA and DHA to prevent insulin resistance in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Primary rat cardiomyocytes were made insulin resistant by 48 h incubation in high insulin (HI) medium. Parallel incubations were supplemented by 200 μM EPA or DHA. Addition of EPA or DHA to the medium prevented the induction of insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes by preserving the phosphorylation state of key proteins in the insulin signaling cascade and by preventing persistent relocation of fatty acid transporter CD36 to the sarcolemma. Only cardiomyocytes incubated in the presence of EPA, however, exhibited improvements in glucose and fatty acid uptake and cell shortening. We conclude that ω-3 PUFAs protect metabolic and functional properties of cardiomyocytes subjected to insulin resistance-evoking conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Franekova
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yeliz Angin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Nicole T. H. Hoebers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Will A. Coumans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and
| | | | - Jan F. C. Glatz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Joost J. F. P. Luiken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Terje S. Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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89
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Heer M, Egert S. Nutrients other than carbohydrates: their effects on glucose homeostasis in humans. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:14-35. [PMID: 24510463 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Besides carbohydrates, other nutrients, such as dietary protein and amino acids; the supply of fat, vitamin D, and vitamin K; and sodium intake seem to affect glucose homeostasis. Although their effect is less pronounced than that of the amount and composition of carbohydrates, it seems reasonable to consider how nutrient intake habits may be modified to support an improved glucose homeostasis. For instance, taking into account the effect of some nutrients to lower blood glucose concentration on a day-by-day basis might support improvement of glucose homeostasis in the long run. On the other hand, lowering sodium intake too much, as recommended to avoid the development of hypertension, particularly in sodium-sensitive people, might lead to insulin resistance and thereby might risk increasing fasting as well as postprandial blood glucose concentrations. This review summarizes the state of our knowledge of how several nutrients other than carbohydrates, such as protein, fatty acids, vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, zinc, chromium, and sodium, affect blood glucose concentrations. Sufficient evidence exists to show that, in prospective studies based on randomized controlled trials, these selected nutrients affect blood glucose regulation. The review describes potential mechanisms leading to the observed effect. As much as is possible from the available data, the extent of the effect, is considered.
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90
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Albert BB, Derraik JGB, Brennan CM, Biggs JB, Smith GC, Garg ML, Cameron-Smith D, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Higher omega-3 index is associated with increased insulin sensitivity and more favourable metabolic profile in middle-aged overweight men. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6697. [PMID: 25331725 PMCID: PMC5381193 DOI: 10.1038/srep06697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed whether omega-3 index (red blood cell concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was associated with insulin sensitivity and other metabolic outcomes in 47 overweight men aged 46.5 ± 5.1 years. Participants were assessed twice, 16 weeks apart. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the Matsuda method from an oral glucose tolerance test. Linear associations were examined; stratified analyses were carried out with participants separated according to the omega-3 index: lower tertiles (LOI; n = 31) and highest tertile (HOI; n = 16). Increasing omega-3 index was correlated with higher insulin sensitivity (r = 0.23; p = 0.025), higher disposition index (r = 0.20; p = 0.054), and lower CRP concentrations (r = −0.39; p < 0.0001). Insulin sensitivity was 43% higher in HOI than in LOI men (Matsuda index 6.83 vs 4.78; p = 0.009). Similarly, HOI men had disposition index that was 70% higher (p = 0.013) and fasting insulin concentrations 25% lower (p = 0.038). HOI men displayed lower nocturnal systolic blood pressure (−6.0 mmHg; p = 0.025) and greater systolic blood pressure dip (14.7 vs 10.8%; p = 0.039). Men in the HOI group also had lower concentrations of CRP (41% lower; p = 0.033) and free fatty acids (21% lower, p = 0.024). In conclusion, higher omega-3 index is associated with increased insulin sensitivity and a more favourable metabolic profile in middle-aged overweight men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José G B Derraik
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Janene B Biggs
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greg C Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Paul L Hofman
- 1] Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand [2] Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- 1] Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand [2] Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
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Yanai H, Hamasaki H, Katsuyama H, Adachi H, Moriyama S, Sako A. Effects of intake of fish or fish oils on the development of diabetes. J Clin Med Res 2014; 7:8-12. [PMID: 25368695 PMCID: PMC4217746 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr1964w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between fish and fish oils intake and diabetes remains largely unknown. Here we systematically reviewed published articles (clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses) about the effects of intake of fish or fish oils on the development of diabetes. An intake of fish oils seems not to affect insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, beta-cell function or glucose tolerance. There is a considerable statistical heterogeneity in the overall summary estimates of the association between fish or fish oils consumption and the development of type 2 diabetes, which is partly explained by geographical differences. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on the prevention of type 2 diabetes in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Hamasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Katsuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sumie Moriyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akahito Sako
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Damsgaard CT, Eidner MB, Stark KD, Hjorth MF, Sjödin A, Andersen MR, Andersen R, Tetens I, Astrup A, Michaelsen KF, Lauritzen L. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in whole blood are differentially and sex-specifically associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in 8-11-year-old danish children. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109368. [PMID: 25330302 PMCID: PMC4198100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids improve cardiovascular risk markers in adults. These effects may differ between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20∶5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6n-3), but we lack evidence in children. Using baseline data from the OPUS School Meal Study we 1) investigated associations between EPA and DHA in whole blood and early cardiometabolic risk markers in 713 children aged 8-11 years and 2) explored potential mediation through waist circumference and physical activity and potential dietary confounding. We collected data on parental education, pubertal stage, 7-day dietary records, physical activity by accelerometry and measured anthropometry, blood pressure, and heart rate. Blood samples were analyzed for whole blood fatty acid composition, cholesterols, triacylglycerol, insulin resistance by the homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR), and inflammatory markers. Whole blood EPA was associated with a 2.7 mmHg (95% CI 0.4; 5.1) higher diastolic blood pressure per weight% EPA, but only in boys. Heart rate was negatively associated with both EPA and DHA status (P = 0.02 and P = 0.002, respectively). Whole blood EPA was negatively associated with triacylglycerol (P = 0.003) and positively with total cholesterol, low density and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL:triacylglycerol (all P<0.01) whereas DHA was negatively associated with insulin and HOMA-IR (P = 0.003) and tended to be negatively associated with a metabolic syndrome-score (P = 0.05). Adjustment for waist circumference and physical activity did not change the associations. The association between DHA and HOMA-IR was attenuated but remained after adjustment for fiber intake and none of the other associations were confounded by dietary fat, protein, fiber or energy intake. This study showed that EPA status was negatively associated with triacylglycerol and positively with cholesterols whereas DHA was negatively associated with insulin resistance, and both were inversely associated with heart rate in children. The sex-specific associations with blood pressure confirm our previous findings and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla T. Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Maj B. Eidner
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ken D. Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mads F. Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anders Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Malene R. Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Rikke Andersen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Inge Tetens
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kim F. Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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93
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Oh PC, Koh KK, Sakuma I, Lim S, Lee Y, Lee S, Lee K, Han SH, Shin EK. Omega-3 fatty acid therapy dose-dependently and significantly decreased triglycerides and improved flow-mediated dilation, however, did not significantly improve insulin sensitivity in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:696-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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94
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Zheng JS, Lai CQ, Parnell LD, Lee YC, Shen J, Smith CE, Casas-Agustench P, Richardson K, Li D, Noel SE, Tucker KL, Arnett DK, Borecki IB, Ordovás JM. Genome-wide interaction of genotype by erythrocyte n-3 fatty acids contributes to phenotypic variance of diabetes-related traits. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:781. [PMID: 25213455 PMCID: PMC4168207 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the interplay between n-3 fatty acids and genetic variants for diabetes-related traits at the genome-wide level. The present study aimed to examine variance contributions of genotype by environment (GxE) interactions for different erythrocyte n-3 fatty acids and genetic variants for diabetes-related traits at the genome-wide level in a non-Hispanic white population living in the U.S.A. (n = 820). A tool for Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) was used to estimate the genome-wide GxE variance contribution of four diabetes-related traits: HOMA-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting plasma insulin, glucose and adiponectin. A GxE genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to further elucidate the GCTA results. Replication was conducted in the participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) without diabetes (n = 716). Results In GOLDN, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) contributed the most significant GxE variance to the total phenotypic variance of both HOMA-IR (26.5%, P-nominal = 0.034) and fasting insulin (24.3%, P-nominal = 0.042). The ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid contributed the most significant GxE variance to the total variance of fasting glucose (27.0%, P-nominal = 0.023). GxE variance of the arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio showed a marginally significant contribution to the adiponectin variance (16.0%, P-nominal = 0.058). None of the GCTA results were significant after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.001). For each trait, the GxE GWAS identified a far larger number of significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (P-interaction ≤ 10E-5) for the significant E factor (significant GxE variance contributor) than a control E factor (non-significant GxE variance contributor). In the BPRHS, DPA contributed a marginally significant GxE variance to the phenotypic variance of HOMA-IR (12.9%, P-nominal = 0.068) and fasting insulin (18.0%, P-nominal = 0.033). Conclusion Erythrocyte n-3 fatty acids contributed a significant GxE variance to diabetes-related traits at the genome-wide level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-781) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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95
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Koehrer P, Saab S, Berdeaux O, Isaïco R, Grégoire S, Cabaret S, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Bretillon L, Acar N. Erythrocyte phospholipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106912. [PMID: 25188352 PMCID: PMC4154797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) including docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid are suspected to play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. LCPUFAs are known to be preferentially concentrated in specific phospholipids termed as plasmalogens. This study was aimed to highlight potential changes in the metabolism of phospholipids, and particularly plasmalogens, and LCPUFAs at various stages of diabetic retinopathy in humans. Methodology and Principal Findings We performed lipidomic analyses on red blood cell membranes from controls and mainly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without retinopathy. The fatty acid composition of erythrocytes was determined by gas chromatography and the phospholipid structure was determined by liquid chromatography equipped with an electrospray ionisation source and coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-MS/MS). A significant decrease in levels of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in erythrocytes of diabetic patients with or without retinopathy was observed. The origin of this decrease was a loss of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine phospholipids esterified with these LCPUFAs. In diabetic patients without retinopathy, this change was balanced by an increase in the levels of several phosphatidyl-choline species. No influence of diabetes nor of diabetic retinopathy was observed on the concentrations of plasmalogen-type phospholipids. Conclusions and Significance Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were associated with a reduction of erythrocyte LCPUFAs in phosphatidyl-ethanolamines. The increase of the amounts of phosphatidyl-choline species in erythrocytes of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy might be a compensatory mechanism for the loss of LC-PUFA-rich phosphatidyl-ethanolamines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Saab
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Rodica Isaïco
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabaret
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Alain M. Bron
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine P. Creuzot-Garcher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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96
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Martinez GL, Koury JC, Martins MA, Nogueira F, Fischer RG, Gustafsson A, Figueredo CMS. Serum level changes of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients undergoing periodontal therapy combined with one year of omega-3 supplementation: a pilot randomized clinical trial. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2014; 44:169-77. [PMID: 25177518 PMCID: PMC4148629 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2014.44.4.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with one-year dietary supplementation with omega (ω)-3 on the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and arachidonic acid (AA). Methods Fifteen patients with chronic generalized periodontitis were treated with scaling and root planing. The test group consisted of seven patients (43.1±6.0 years) supplemented with ω-3, consisting of EPA plus DHA, three capsules, each of 300 mg of ω-3 (180-mg EPA/120-mg DHA), for 12 months. The control group was composed of eight patients (46.1±11.6 years) that took a placebo capsule for 12 months. The periodontal examination and the serum levels of DPA, EPA, DHA, and AA were performed at baseline (T0), and 4 (T1), and 12 (T2) months after therapy. Results In the test group, AA and DPA levels had been reduced significantly at T1 (P<0.05). AA and EPA levels had been increased significantly at T2 (P<0.05). The ΔEPA was significantly higher in the test compared to the placebo group at T2-T0 (P=0.02). The AA/EPA had decreased significantly at T1 and T2 relative to baseline (P<0.05). Conclusions Nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with ω-3 supplementation significantly increased the EPA levels and decreased the AA/EPA ratio in serum after one year follow-up. However, no effect on the clinical outcome of periodontal therapy was observed. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Lago Martinez
- Institute of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josely Correa Koury
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Anjos Martins
- Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nogueira
- Institute of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Guimarães Fischer
- Institute of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anders Gustafsson
- Institute of Odontology, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Marcelo S Figueredo
- Institute of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ; Institute of Odontology, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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97
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Schwab U, Lauritzen L, Tholstrup T, Haldorsson TI, Riserus U, Uusitupa M, Becker W. Effect of the amount and type of dietary fat on cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer: a systematic review. Food Nutr Res 2014; 58:25145. [PMID: 25045347 PMCID: PMC4095759 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v58.25145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of both the amount and quality of dietary fat have been studied intensively during the past decades. Previously, low-fat diets were recommended without much attention to the quality of fat, whereas there is general emphasis on the quality of fat in current guidelines. The objective of this systematic review (SR) was to assess the evidence of an effect of the amount and type of dietary fat on body weight (BW), risk factors, and risk of non-communicable diseases, that is, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cancer in healthy subjects or subjects at risk for these diseases. This work was performed in the process of updating the fourth edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations from 2004. The literature search was performed in October 2010 covering articles published since January 2000. A complementary search was done in February 2012 covering literature until December 2011. Two authors independently selected articles for inclusion from a total of about 16,000 abstracts according to predefined criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and prospective cohort studies (PCS) were included as well as nested case-control studies. A few retrospective case-control studies were also included when limited or no data were available from other study types. Altogether 607 articles were quality graded and the observed effects in these papers were summarized. Convincing evidence was found that partial replacement of saturated fat (SFA) with polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) or monounsaturated fat (MUFA) lowers fasting serum/plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations. The evidence was probable for a decreasing effect of fish oil on concentration of serum/plasma total triglycerides as compared with MUFA. Beneficial effect of MUFA both on insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma/serum insulin concentration was considered as probable in comparisons of MUFA and carbohydrates versus SFA, whereas no effect was found on fasting glucose concentration in these comparisons. There was probable evidence for a moderate direct association between total fat intake and BW. Furthermore, there was convincing evidence that partial replacement of SFA with PUFA decreases the risk of CVD, especially in men. This finding was supported by an association with biomarkers of PUFA intake; the evidence of a beneficial effect of dietary total PUFA, n-6 PUFA, and linoleic acid (LA) on CVD mortality was limited suggestive. Evidence for a direct association between total fat intake and risk of T2DM was inconclusive, whereas there was limited-suggestive evidence from biomarker studies that LA is inversely associated with the risk of T2DM. However, there was limited-suggestive evidence in biomarker studies that odd-chain SFA found in milk fat and fish may be inversely related to T2DM, but these associations have not been supported by controlled studies. The evidence for an association between dietary n-3 PUFA and T2DM was inconclusive. Evidence for effects of fat on major types of cancer was inconclusive regarding both the amount and quality of dietary fat, except for prostate cancer where there was limited-suggestive evidence for an inverse association with intake of ALA and for ovarian cancer for which there was limited-suggestive evidence for a positive association with intake of SFA. This SR reviewed a large number of studies focusing on several different health outcomes. The time period covered by the search may not have allowed obtaining the full picture of the evidence in all areas covered by this SR. However, several SRs and meta-analyses that covered studies published before year 2000 were evaluated, which adds confidence to the results. Many of the investigated questions remain unresolved, mainly because of few studies on certain outcomes, conflicting results from studies, and lack of high quality-controlled studies. There is thus an evident need of highly controlled RCT and PCS with sufficient number of subjects and long enough duration, specifically regarding the effects of the amount and quality of dietary fat on insulin sensitivity, T2DM, low-grade inflammation, and blood pressure. New metabolic and other potential risk markers and utilization of new methodology in the area of lipid metabolism may provide new insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Tholstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorhallur I. Haldorsson
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland & University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Riserus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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98
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Alhazmi A, Stojanovski E, McEvoy M, Garg ML. Macronutrient intake and type 2 diabetes risk in middle-aged Australian women. Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1587-94. [PMID: 23866795 PMCID: PMC10282411 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013001870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between macronutrient intake and type 2 diabetes risk in middle-aged Australian women. DESIGN A prospective cohort study, with 6 years (2002-2007) of follow up. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated FFQ. Relative risks with 95 % confidence intervals were used to examine risk associations. SETTING Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, Australia. SUBJECTS Australian women (n 8370) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health aged 45-50 years and free of type 2 diabetes at baseline. RESULTS After 6 years of follow-up, 311 women developed type 2 diabetes. After adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and other dietary risk factors, MUFA, total n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid and total n-6 PUFA intakes were positively associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The relative risks for type 2 diabetes for the highest compared with the lowest quintiles were 1·64 (95 % CI 1·06, 2·54), P = 0·04 for MUFA; 1·55 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·32), P = 0·01 for n-3 PUFA; 1·84 (95 % CI 1·25, 2·71), P < 0·01 for α-linolenic acid; and 1·60 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·48), P = 0·04 for n-6 PUFA. Other dietary macronutrients were not significantly associated with diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that consumption of MUFA, n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA may influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Alhazmi
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Ministry of Higher Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth Stojanovski
- Schools of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manohar L Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, 305C Medical Sciences Building, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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99
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Lipid-lowering Therapies, Glucose Control and Incident Diabetes: Evidence, Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:361-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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100
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Kröger J, Schulze MB. Dietary fish intake and the risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: new insights. Curr Opin Lipidol 2014; 25:228-9. [PMID: 24806892 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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