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Weydmann G, Souzedo FB, Tavares P, Corrêa L, Heidrich H, Holland H, Bizarro L. Parsing the link between reinforcement sensitivity theory and eating behavior: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104525. [PMID: 34998836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) is a widely studied psychobiological model of personality. RST factors seem to influence eating behavior, but how these personality traits are associated with distinct features of eating behavior is still unclear. In the present systematic review, we analyzed the relationship between RST personality factors and eating behavior using a parsing approach in which BMI-related results, self-reported results, and behavioral results were distinguished. Our analysis revealed that reward and punishment sensitivity seem to correlate and influence distinct features of eating behavior. The association between BMI and RST factors was uncertain, but nonlinear associations between reward sensitivity and weight need further testing. Reward sensitivity was linked to most eating behavior phenotypes (e.g., emotional eating and restrained eating), but only punishment sensitivity was primarily correlated with eating pathology. Reward sensitivity was the main factor linked with reactivity to food stimuli on many behavioral measures. The neurobiological personality factors of RST offer parsimonious concepts to understand eating behavior outcomes and the differential relationships observed are useful to translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson Weydmann
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Bellesia Souzedo
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrice Tavares
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heiner Heidrich
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heitor Holland
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Avenida Unisinos 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Woody ML, Ladouceur CD, Borrero E, Wang YS, Silk JS. Avoidance Bias to Angry Faces Predicts the Development of Depressive Symptoms among Adolescent Girls. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1657-1669. [PMID: 35870037 PMCID: PMC9308032 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal-motivational models posit that heightened avoidance of aversive social stimuli and diminished approach of appetitive social stimuli increases social withdrawal and reduces positive social interactions, thereby increasing risk for future social anxiety and depression. The current study examined if approach-avoidance biases toward angry and happy faces, measured during the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT), would be associated with the development of adolescent depressive and social anxiety symptoms. At baseline, participants included 129 never-depressed adolescent girls (ages 11-13), two-thirds of whom were at high-risk for internalizing problems due to shy/fearful temperament. Girls reported their depressive and social anxiety symptoms every 6 months for 24 months and completed the AAT at baseline and 24-mo follow-up. Heightened avoidance bias toward angry faces at baseline predicted increases in depressive symptoms across the follow-up, even after accounting for temperament and pubertal status. In contrast, girls with greater depression and social anxiety symptoms at 24-mo follow-up exhibited less avoidance bias for angry faces at the same time point. Findings suggest that avoidance behaviors (i.e., avoiding people or settings associated with angry faces, which are often perceived as hostile, critical, or rejecting) may be a risk factor for depression, above and beyond risk imparted by temperament or advances in puberty. However, with increasing internalizing symptoms, it may become more difficult for adolescents to maintain avoidance for aversive social stimuli, and without the introduction of more adaptive emotion regulation strategies, these biases may continue to increase and maintain risk for internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Woody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Elisa Borrero
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Yuqi S Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Petranker R, Anderson T, Maier LJ, Barratt MJ, Ferris JA, Winstock AR. Microdosing psychedelics: Subjective benefits and challenges, substance testing behavior, and the relevance of intention. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:85-96. [PMID: 33591231 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120953994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microdosing psychedelics is the practice of taking small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Despite its surging popularity, little is known about the specific intentions to start microdosing and the effects of this practice. AIMS First, we aimed to replicate previous findings regarding the subjective benefits and challenges reported for microdosing. Second, we assessed whether people who microdose test their substances before consumption. Third, we examined whether having an approach-intention to microdosing was predictive of more reported benefits. METHODS The Global Drug Survey runs the world's largest online drug survey. Participants who reported last year use of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin in the Global Drug Survey 2019 were offered the opportunity to answer a sub-section on microdosing. RESULTS Data from 6753 people who reported microdosing at least once in the last 12 months were used for analyses. Our results suggest a partial replication of previously reported benefits and challenges among the present sample often reporting enhanced mood, creativity, focus and sociability. Counter to our prediction, the most common challenge participants associated with microdosing was 'None'. As predicted, most participants reported not testing their substances. Counter to our hypothesis, approach-intention - microdosing to approach a desired goal - predicted less rather than more benefits. We discuss alternate frameworks that may better capture the reasons people microdose. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the perceived benefits associated with microdosing greatly outweigh the challenges. Microdosing may have utility for a variety of uses while having minimal side effects. Double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments are required to substantiate these reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Petranker
- Clinical Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.,Psychedelic Studies Research Program, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Thomas Anderson
- Psychedelic Studies Research Program, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Larissa J Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America.,Early Postdoc Mobility Grantee (P2ZHP1_17812), Swiss National Science Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monica J Barratt
- Social and Global Studies Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason A Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adam R Winstock
- University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.,Global Drug Survey Ltd, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
A substantial proportion of youth with anxiety disorders shows comorbid behavioral (anger) problems. Such comorbid profile is associated with low treatment effectiveness and negative (longterm) outcomes. This study was therefore designed to examine trait factors that may promote anger responding in adolescents. By presenting participants (N = 158, mean age = 15.7, 56% female) with a series of common anger-eliciting situations, we tested whether high reward sensitivity would be associated with anger via perceived non-reward, and high punishment sensitivity via perceived threat. In line with the hypotheses, an indirect effect of reward sensitivity on anger was found via perceived non-reward, and an indirect effect of punishment sensitivity on anger via perceived threat. The latter association also had an indirect effect via perceived non-reward. High punishment and reward sensitivity may thus set adolescents at risk for developing (comorbid) anger problems via heightened threat and non-reward perceptions.
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Subtyping youngsters with obesity: A theory-based cluster analysis. Appetite 2022; 168:105723. [PMID: 34606939 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychological mechanisms play a crucial role in explaining weight gain. Aim of the present study was to identify subtypes in youngsters with obesity in line with these mechanisms. Defining homogeneous clusters within this heterogeneous group provides relevant information for personalized treatments. Data were collected in N = 572 participants (51% boys, aged 7-19) with extreme obesity (%BMI M = 187.8; SD = 30.9) recruited in an inpatient treatment centre. Based on psychological models of overweight/obesity, the Affect Regulation Model, the Reward Deficiency Model and The Dual Pathway Model, cluster variables were selected assessing emotional eating, reward reactivity and regulative capacities. Youngsters reported on emotional eating (DEBQ Emotional Eating) and reward sensitivity (BAS), while parents reported on children's regulative Executive Functions (BRIEF). Characteristics of the different clusters were examined concerning weight variables (pre and post treatment) and variables indexing problematic eating (DEBQ External Eating, Ch-EDE), affect regulation (FEEL-KJ) and depressive symptoms (CDI). Hierarchical cluster analyses supported the presence of three clusters, further evaluated by K-means cluster analyses. The cluster solutions differed according to age and sex (boys 7-13, boys 14-19, girls 7-13, girls 14-19). In all four age and gender subsamples, an "Emotional Eating" cluster displaying a vulnerable profile (high depression, maladaptive emotion regulation, problematic eating) and a "Reward Deficiency" cluster displaying a more resilient profile were detected. In girls 7-13, a "Weak Executive Functioning" indicative of insufficient self-regulative capacities, showed moderate to high emotional problems and problematic eating. In the other subgroups, the "Mean Level Functioning" cluster also showed elevated emotional problems and problematic eating. Given that different clusters can be identified, and given that these clusters have different profiles on emotional problems and problematic eating, subtyping youngsters with severe obesity is indicated, setting the stage for personalized treatments.
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The effect of personality characteristics combined with behavioral activation system (BAS) / behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and sport emotional induction on working memory. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: To investigate the interactive effects of behavioral activation or behavioral inhibition and induced pleasant or unpleasant emotions on working memory performance among young adults.
Material and methods: Eighty participants (age 18–32 years) were randomly classified into 2 groups behavioral activation or inhibition and then sub-divided further via whether they received inductions in either pleasant emotions or unpleasant emotions. A pre-test measure of the working memory test was recorded and repeated after emotional induction.
Results: The ANOVA analysis indicated significant effect of PERSONALITY factor (F1,76 = 4.760, p = 0.0322, ηp
2 = 0.059) on results of the working memory test. The memory performance of the behavioral activation group that received positive emotion was better than the other groups, and the working memory performance of the behavioral inhibition group that received positive emotion was poorer than the other groups. Furthermore, the working memory performance of the behavioral activation group (positive emotion) was better than the other groups. Also, the working memory performance of the behavioral inhibition group (positive emotion) was poorer than the other groups.
Conclusions: Finally, the findings support the different effects of the brain behavioral systems and sport emotional induction on working memory.
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Xu M, Wang J, Jin Z, Xia L, Lian Q, Huyang S, Wu D. The Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Scales: Measurement Invariance Across Gender in Chinese University Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:681753. [PMID: 34970177 PMCID: PMC8712760 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To identify the optimal factor structure of the behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system (BIS/BAS) scales and to examine measurement invariance (MI) of the scales across gender among a sample of Chinese undergraduate students. Methods: Convenience sampling was employed to recruit 1,085 subjects. Participants completed the Chinese version of the BIS/BAS scales. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of competing models was conducted to determine the optimal factor model, followed by a test of MI across gender based on the optimal model. Results: A single-group CFA indicated that the modified four-factor structure fits best in the total sample. Multiple-group CFAs demonstrated that configural invariance, weak invariance, strong invariance, and strict invariance models of the four-factor structure of the BIS/BAS scales were all acceptable. Conclusion: The four-factor structure of the Chinese version of the BIS/BAS scales possesses MI across gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhishuai Jin
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaoping Lian
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sizhu Huyang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daxing Wu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
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Aydınlıyurt ET, Taşkın N, Scahill S, Toker A. Continuance intention in gamified mobile applications: A study of behavioral inhibition and activation systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract. This review appraises evidence for the role of personality in COVID-19 related emotions and behaviors. Three key models of personality are considered: the Five-factor Model, HEXACO model, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). In line with personality research, more generally, most studies focus on the Five-Factor model. Key findings are that neuroticism is most associated with poor mental health, and extraversion is associated with a reluctance to socially isolate. Conscientiousness predicts compliance with safety guidelines but also with fewer prosocial behaviors, particularly stockpiling. Research within the HEXACO framework largely confirms these findings, especially for emotionality and mental health. The additional HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is found to be associated with prosocial views and abstention from panic buying. Studies based on the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality indicate emotional conflict as people wish to stay safe while maintaining a sense of normality. Behavioral compliance is driven by activation in the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; fear-related) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; anxiety-related). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is implicated in approach-driven behaviors such as avoiding infection. These findings have implications for health communications and post-pandemic support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dino Krupić
- Department of Psychology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nese Caki
- Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Philip J. Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, UK
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60
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Calvo EM, Ered A, Maxwell SD, Ellman LM. Behavioural inhibition system sensitivity is no longer associated with psychotic-like experiences after controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1217-1223. [PMID: 33225578 PMCID: PMC8607495 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Elevated behavioural inhibition system sensitivity has been reported among schizophrenia patients. Yet, no study has investigated the relationship between behavioural inhibition system sensitivity and the occurrence of psychotic-like experiences (subthreshold psychotic symptoms considered to be less severe or impairing), despite evidence that behavioural inhibition system sensitivity is related to other forms of psychopathology known to co-occur with psychotic-like experiences, such as depression and anxiety. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between behavioural inhibition system levels and psychotic-like experiences while controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms. We hypothesized that behavioural inhibition system sensitivity would be positively associated with the number of reported psychotic-like experiences, and that this association would be nonsignificant after accounting for depression and anxiety symptoms. METHODS Psychotic-like experiences, behavioural inhibition system sensitivity, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were measured in 1162 young adults. Bivariate correlations were calculated and linear regressions performed to measure the relationship between variables of interest. RESULTS Psychotic-like experiences, behavioural inhibition system sensitivity, and symptoms of depression, and anxiety were all significantly and positively correlated with one another. Behavioural inhibition system sensitivity was no longer related to the number of psychotic-like experiences reported after controlling for anxiety symptoms, with and without controlling for depression symptoms. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that the hypersensitivity to threat observed among individuals reporting higher levels of psychotic-like experiences is likely related to co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms. Thus, behavioural inhibition system sensitivity may be more reflective of a transdiagnostic phenotype of general psychopathology than specifically related to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Calvo
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arielle Ered
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seth D Maxwell
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Claes L, Kiekens G, Boekaerts E, Depestele L, Dierckx E, Gijbels S, Schoevaerts K, Luyckx K. Are Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Effortful Control Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Underlying the Eating Disorder/Obesity Spectrum? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103327. [PMID: 34684327 PMCID: PMC8541040 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been postulated that eating disorders (EDs) and obesity form part of a broad spectrum of eating- and weight-related disorders, this has not yet been tested empirically. In the present study, we investigated interindividual differences in sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and effortful control along the ED/obesity spectrum in women. We used data on 286 patients with eating disorders (44.6% AN-R, 24.12% AN-BP, and 31.82% BN), 126 healthy controls, and 640 Class II/III obese bariatric patients (32.81% Class II and 67.19% Class III) with and without binge eating. Participants completed the behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation scales, as well as the effortful control scale, to assess sensitivity to punishment and reward and effortful control. Results showed that patients with EDs scored significantly higher on punishment sensitivity (anxiety) compared to healthy controls and Class II/III obese patients; the different groups did not differ significantly on reward sensitivity. Patients with binge eating or compensatory behaviors scored significantly lower on effortful control than patients without binge eating. Differences in temperamental profiles along the ED/obesity spectrum appear continuous and gradual rather than categorical. This implies that it may be meaningful to include emotion regulation and impulse regulation training in the treatment of both EDs and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.K.); (K.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-32-61-33
| | - Glenn Kiekens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.K.); (K.L.)
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Boekaerts
- Obesity Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (E.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Lies Depestele
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium; (L.D.); (E.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium; (L.D.); (E.D.); (K.S.)
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Gijbels
- Obesity Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (E.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Katrien Schoevaerts
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium; (L.D.); (E.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.K.); (K.L.)
- UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Rolle CE, Pedersen ML, Johnson N, Amemori KI, Ironside M, Graybiel AM, Pizzagalli DA, Etkin A. The Role of the Dorsal-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Reward Sensitivity During Approach-Avoidance Conflict. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1269-1285. [PMID: 34464445 PMCID: PMC9077265 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Approach-Avoidance conflict (AAC) arises from decisions with embedded positive and negative outcomes, such that approaching leads to reward and punishment and avoiding to neither. Despite its importance, the field lacks a mechanistic understanding of which regions are driving avoidance behavior during conflict. In the current task, we utilized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and drift-diffusion modeling to investigate the role of one of the most prominent regions relevant to AAC-the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). The first experiment uses in-task disruption to examine the right dlPFC's (r-dlPFC) causal role in avoidance behavior. The second uses single TMS pulses to probe the excitability of the r-dlPFC, and downstream cortical activations, during avoidance behavior. Disrupting r-dlPFC during conflict decision-making reduced reward sensitivity. Further, r-dlPFC was engaged with a network of regions within the lateral and medial prefrontal, cingulate, and temporal cortices that associate with behavior during conflict. Together, these studies use TMS to demonstrate a role for the dlPFC in reward sensitivity during conflict and elucidate the r-dlPFC's network of cortical regions associated with avoidance behavior. By identifying r-dlPFC's mechanistic role in AAC behavior, contextualized within its conflict-specific downstream neural connectivity, we advance dlPFC as a potential neural target for psychiatric therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camarin E Rolle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Alto Neuroscience, Inc., Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Mads L Pedersen
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Noriah Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Alto Neuroscience, Inc., Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Ken-ichi Amemori
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maria Ironside
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Amit Etkin
- Address correspondence to Amit Etkin, Alto Neuroscience, Inc., 153 Second street (suite 107), Los Altos, CA 94022, USA.
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63
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Berenson KR, Van De Weert SM, Nicolaou S, Campoverde C, Rafaeli E, Downey G. Reward and Punishment Sensitivity in Borderline and Avoidant Personality Disorders. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:573-588. [PMID: 32163026 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The authors compared self-reported and behavioral responses to reward and punishment in individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) or avoidant personality disorder (APD) relative to a healthy comparison (HC) group. As predicted, self-reported sensitivity to reward was significantly higher in the BPD group than in the APD and HC groups. Also as predicted, self-reported sensitivity to punishment was significantly elevated in both disordered groups but significantly higher in APD than in BPD. These hypothesized patterns were also evident in responses to behavioral tasks: Participants with BPD made more errors of commission and fewer errors of omission than HC participants on a passive avoidance learning task, and participants with APD showed greater reactivity to losses than other participants on a probabilistic reversal learning task. Results help characterize differences between these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy R Berenson
- Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Gettsyburg, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Cindy Campoverde
- Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Gettsyburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Eshkol Rafaeli
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York, New York, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Geraldine Downey
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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64
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Takahashi Y, Yamagata S, Ritchie SJ, Barker ED, Ando J. Etiological pathways of depressive and anxiety symptoms linked to personality traits: A genetically-informative longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 291:261-269. [PMID: 34052749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity of depression and anxiety is associated with an increased risk of prolonged adverse mental health status. However, little is currently known about their genetic and environmental influences that help to explain both the comorbidity and distinctiveness. Using longitudinal twin data, the present study investigated both the overlapping and distinct relationships between depression and anxiety viewed from the perspective of Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST): two personality traits of the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems (BIS and BAS). METHODS A total of 422 twin pairs (298 monozygotic and 124 dizygotic pairs) participated by completing a personality questionnaire at wave 1, and mood symptoms questionnaires at wave 2. The waves were on average 2.23 years apart. RESULTS Multivariate Cholesky decomposition indicated that the genetic variance of the personality traits (BIS and BAS) explained all of the genetic variance in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, genetic factors related to the BIS positively explained depressive and anxiety symptoms, whereas genetic factors related to the BAS negatively explained only depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Limitations include shorter time interval and the reliance on self-reported data. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided evidence explaining the overlap and differentiation of depressive and anxiety symptoms by using data on personality traits in a longitudinal, genetically-informative design. The findings suggested the personality traits from Gray's RST model played an important role in the prediction, and clarified the description, of both depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinji Yamagata
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Stuart J Ritchie
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward D Barker
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Juko Ando
- Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Japan
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65
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Loewke AC, Minerva AR, Nelson AB, Kreitzer AC, Gunaydin LA. Frontostriatal Projections Regulate Innate Avoidance Behavior. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5487-5501. [PMID: 34001628 PMCID: PMC8221601 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2581-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been linked to avoidance and decision-making under conflict, key neural computations altered in anxiety disorders. However, the heterogeneity of prefrontal projections has obscured identification of specific top-down projections involved. While the dmPFC-amygdala circuit has long been implicated in controlling reflexive fear responses, recent work suggests that dmPFC-dorsomedial striatum (DMS) projections may be more important for regulating avoidance. Using fiber photometry recordings in both male and female mice during the elevated zero maze task, we show heightened neural activity in frontostriatal but not frontoamygdalar projection neurons during exploration of the anxiogenic open arms. Additionally, using optogenetics, we demonstrate that this frontostriatal projection preferentially excites postsynaptic D1 receptor-expressing neurons in the DMS and causally controls innate avoidance behavior. These results support a model for prefrontal control of defensive behavior in which the dmPFC-amygdala projection controls reflexive fear behavior and the dmPFC-striatum projection controls anxious avoidance behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The medial prefrontal cortex has been extensively linked to several behavioral symptom domains related to anxiety disorders, with much of the work centered around reflexive fear responses. Comparatively little is known at the mechanistic level about anxious avoidance behavior, a core feature across anxiety disorders. Recent work has suggested that the striatum may be an important hub for regulating avoidance behaviors. Our work uses optical circuit dissection techniques to identify a specific corticostriatal circuit involved in encoding and controlling avoidance behavior. Identifying neural circuits for avoidance will enable the development of more targeted symptom-specific treatments for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne C Loewke
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Adelaide R Minerva
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience is at University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience is at University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Neurological Disease Institute, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Lisa A Gunaydin
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience is at University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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66
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Ramm M, Urbanek A, Failing A, Young P, Scherfler C, Högl B, Heidbreder A. Increased behavioral inhibition trait and negative stress coping in non-rapid eye movement parasomnias. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 16:1737-1744. [PMID: 32662417 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Reduced gray matter volume in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) has recently been found in patients with non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnia, providing a neuroanatomical substrate for the arousal state dissociation. It remains unclear whether PCC changes in NREM parasomnias might also play a role in cognitive or affective dysfunction in these patients. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate neurobehavioral correlates of PCC abnormalities in patients with NREM parasomnia. METHODS The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire and the Stress Coping Questionnaire were used to assess personality and stress coping in 15 patients with NREM parasomnia and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients' left PCC gray matter volume was quantified with voxel-based morphometry on 3 Tesla T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data. RESULTS In the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire, increased trait reactivity of the behavioral inhibition system and goal-drive persistence contributed most to the discrimination of patients and controls. In the Stress Coping Questionnaire, patients showed an increased negative coping trait (ie, anxious rumination) related to an increase in adjusted left PCC volume. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest subclinical behavioral abnormalities in patients with NREM parasomnias. Such traits might trigger maladaptive emotion regulation processes related to a relative PCC volume increase. The findings encourage further longitudinal studies on this topic, which can provide insights into the causal relations underlying the PCC volume-behavior correlation. Such future studies will have a more direct implication for the clinical management of patients with NREM parasomnias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ramm
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Neurobiology and Genetics of Behavior, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Alexandra Urbanek
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Annette Failing
- Radprax, Institute for Diagnostics and Research, Muenster, Germany
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Neurology, Medical Park Bad Feilnbach Reithofpark, Bad Feilnbach, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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67
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Lees T, Fry CM, Jetha MK, Segalowitz SJ, Gatzke-Kopp LM. Association between EEG asymmetry and the error-related negativity across middle childhood. Biol Psychol 2021; 163:108137. [PMID: 34139311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Resting frontal EEG alpha asymmetry has been extensively examined as a marker of motivational disposition. Recent research has examined how this trait-level marker of motivation influences an individual's internal error monitoring (indexed by the error-related negativity; ERN), with mixed findings as to whether more negative ERNs are associated with greater left or right alpha power. Data from 339 children who completed an incentivized Go/No-Go task annually from Kindergarten through 2nd grade were examined for an association between ERN amplitude and EEG asymmetry, and for whether the association was developmentally stable. Results indicate an association between left-dominant activation and a more negative amplitude in Kindergarten, with an inversion of this association emerging by 2nd grade, such that a more negative ERNs were associated with right-dominant activation. We suggest that the association between EEG asymmetry and ERN amplitude is likely modulated by task condition (e.g., incentivization) and experience over time (e.g., habituation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Lees
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Cassidy M Fry
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 238 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Michelle K Jetha
- Department of Psychology, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1M 1A2, Canada.
| | - Sidney J Segalowitz
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 238 Health & Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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68
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Unique Associations of Revised-Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Constructs with Social Anxiety. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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69
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Wu R, Huang J, Ying J, Gao Q, Guo J, You J. Behavioral inhibition/approach systems and adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: The chain mediating effects of difficulty in emotion regulation and depression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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70
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Perchtold-Stefan CM, Fink A, Bauer JF, Rominger C, Papousek I. High avoidance and low approach motivation affect cognitive reappraisal generation in the face of anger. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:5793-5803. [PMID: 36987512 PMCID: PMC10039092 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigates the link between the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) and individuals’ capacity to spontaneously invent alternate appraisals for aversive events. Eighty-two women completed the Reappraisal Inventiveness Test for anger-eliciting situations, and quantity and quality of reappraisal ideas were correlated with BIS, BAS, and FFFS sensitivity (RST-Personality Questionnaire). Results revealed that high BIS and high FFFS reduced the total number of reappraisal ideas, indicating that combined heightened sensitivity of the two avoidance systems may deplete individuals’ repertoire of potential reappraisals. RST effects on the quality of generated reappraisals were also found. High BIS and low BAS lowered individuals’ propensity to produce positive re-interpretations, which are considered a more adaptive reappraisal tactic. High FFFS sensitivity was linked to a lower preference for problem-oriented reappraisals. This study underlines that certain interactions of motivational subsystems may be particularly detrimental for successful reappraisal of anger-eliciting events. Our findings reveal potential links between revised RST effects and adaptive emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Fink
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jonathan F. Bauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Rominger
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ilona Papousek
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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71
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Oniszczenko W. The association between BIS/BAS and fear of COVID-19 infection among women. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 9:237-245. [PMID: 38013964 PMCID: PMC10658855 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.106139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main goal of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate, in women, the association between the behavioural inhibition system/behavioural activation system (BIS/BAS) and fear of COVID-19-related self-infection and infection of loved ones (family members, friends, relatives). Several studies have indicated that the psychological consequences of COVID-19 are serious especially among women. On the other hand, little is known about the role of the BIS and BAS in shaping responses and behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article deals with this issue. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The sample consisted of 415 women between the ages of 18 and 67. A numerical rating scale comprising 11 degrees of fear was used to assess participants' COVID-19-related fear, and the BIS and BAS were evaluated using Carver and White's BIS/BAS scales. RESULTS A small positive correlation was observed between the BIS and participants' COVID-19-related fear of loved ones' infection. The BIS explained two percent of the COVID-19-related fear of loved ones' infection dimension. CONCLUSIONS The BIS weakly, but significantly correlated with women's fear of their loved ones being infected by COVID-19. This study highlights the possible role of the BIS mechanism in women's response to COVID-19-related fear, but only when the threat affects loved ones. Comparative studies between men and women are necessary.
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72
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Dierickx S, Dierckx E, Claes L, Rossi G. Measuring Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation in Older Adults: Construct Validity of the Dutch BIS/BAS Scales. Assessment 2021; 29:1061-1074. [PMID: 33736472 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on the validity of the behavioral inhibition system/behavioral approach system (BIS/BAS) scales focused on adolescent, student and adult populations. This study is the first to examine the psychometric properties of the BIS/BAS scales in a community (n = 368) and a clinical sample (n = 160) of older adults. Exploratory structural equation modelling with target rotation to the Carver and White model supported the construct validity of the BIS/BAS scales. Internal consistencies of the scales were generally satisfactory. Female participants scored higher on BIS and BAS-Reward Responsiveness compared with males. The community-dwelling sample scored higher on BAS-Drive and BAS-Reward Responsiveness compared with the clinical sample. Concerning the nomological net, BIS was positively related to Anxiety, Depression, maladaptive coping strategies, Neuroticism and Cluster C personality disorders. BAS was positively related to Openness, Extraversion, Active Confronting and Cluster B personality disorders and negatively related to the schizoid personality disorder. The BIS/BAS Scales are a useful instrument for measuring Gray's theory of personality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafine Dierickx
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gina Rossi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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73
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Huh HJ, Lee SY, Lee SS, Chae JH. A Network Model of Positive Resources, Temperament, Childhood Trauma, and Comorbid Symptoms for Patient with Depressive Disorders. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:214-224. [PMID: 33685037 PMCID: PMC8016691 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temperament, positive resources, childhood trauma, and other clinical comorbid symptoms are related to depressive symptom severity. Here, we used network analysis to examine the interrelations between these clinical factors in patients with depressive disorders. METHODS Patients with depressive disorders (n=454) completed self-report questionnaires evaluating clinical symptoms, childhood trauma, temperament, and positive resources. To identify network pattern and the most central aspect, we performed network analysis and centrality analyses. First, we analyzed the network pattern in total participants. Second, we established two groups of those with severe depressive symptoms and those with mild depressive symptoms and compared their network patterns. RESULTS Deficient optimism and depression were the central factors in the network of total participants. In the group with severe depressive symptoms, lack of social support and childhood emotional trauma showed high centrality. Deficient social support and other positive resources played central roles in the group with mild depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Network pattern of psychological factors was different between those with mild or severe depression. Lack of positive resources is an important factor in psychological processes in both mild and severe depression. However, childhood emotional trauma may play a relatively important role in patients with severe depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Library, Archives and Information Studies, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Sang Lee
- Department of Library, Archives and Information Studies, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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74
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BIS-dependent cognitive strategies mediate the relationship between BIS and positive, negative affect. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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75
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Ilgen H, Israelashvili J, Fischer A. Personal Nonverbal Repertoires in facial displays and their relation to individual differences in social and emotional styles. Cogn Emot 2021; 35:999-1008. [PMID: 33509055 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1877118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTResearch on individual differences in the occurrence of relatively frequent facial displays is scarce. We examined whether (1) individuals' spontaneous facial expressions show a relatively frequent pattern of AUs (referred to as Personal Nonverbal Repertoires or PNRs), and (2) whether these patterns are associated with self-reported social and emotional styles. We videotaped 110 individuals during 10 minutes in 2 different contexts and manually FACS coded 18 AUs. Subsequently, participants completed questionnaires regarding individual differences in social and emotional styles: BIS/BAS, interpersonal orientation, conflict handling style, and emotion regulation (reliably reduced to 4 factors: Yielding, Forcing, Compromising and Extraversion). We found five patterns of PNRs: Smiling (AU6,12), Partial Blinking, Drooping (AU41, 63), Tensed (AU1 + 2, 4, 7, 23), and Eyes widening (AU5). Three PNRs showed weak to moderate correlations with individual differences in social and emotional styles (based on EFA): Smiling is associated with Compromising and Extraversion, Drooping with Yielding, and Partial Blinking is negatively correlated with Extraversion. These findings suggest that some of an individual's frequent facial action patterns are associated with specific styles in social and emotional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Ilgen
- Institute for Nonverbal Strategy Analysis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Israelashvili
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Agneta Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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76
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Warr PB, Sánchez-Cardona I, Taneva SK, Vera M, Bindl UK, Cifre E. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, approach-affect and avoidance-affect. Cogn Emot 2021; 35:619-635. [PMID: 33463399 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1855119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper brings together Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and other perspectives on wellbeing to test predictions about dimensions of affect which are linked to approach motivation or avoidance motivation. Valence and activation are jointly conceptualised as either approach-affect or avoidance-affect through the diagonal axes of an affective circumplex. Across four studies in three different countries, predictions about Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory's Behavioural Activation System, Behavioural Inhibition System and Fight-Flight-Freeze System are found to be supported. Correlations with external variables are shown to depend on a wellbeing measure's emphasis on approach or avoidance, such that affect and external features which both emphasise motivation to approach or to avoid yield substantially larger intercorrelations than do non-concordant pairs. In addition, joining valence with activation is shown to yield correlational benefits as predicted. Implications of our perspective and operationalisation are reviewed, and specific research recommendations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Warr
- Institute of Work Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Israel Sánchez-Cardona
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.,Third Mission Institute, Albizu University, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Maria Vera
- Department of Social Psychology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Uta K Bindl
- King's Business School, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Cifre
- Department of Social Psychology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
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77
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The manifestation of individual differences in sensitivity to punishment during resting state is modulated by eye state. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:144-155. [PMID: 33432544 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have shown that brain areas associated with fear and anxiety (defensive system areas) are modulated by individual differences in sensitivity to punishment (SP). However, little is known about how SP is related to brain functional connectivity and the factors that modulate this relationship. In this study, we investigated whether a simple methodological manipulation, such as performing a resting state with eyes open or eyes closed, can modulate the manifestation of individual differences in SP. To this end, we performed an exploratory fMRI resting state study in which a group of participants (n = 88) performed a resting state with eyes closed and another group (n = 56) performed a resting state with eyes open. All participants completed the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses were performed in the amygdala, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Our results showed that the relationship between SP and left amygdala-precuneus and left hippocampus-precuneus functional connectivity was modulated by eye state. Moreover, in the eyes open group, SP was negatively related to the functional connectivity between the PAG and amygdala and between the PAG and left hippocampus, and it was positively related to the functional connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus. Together, our results may suggest underlying differences in the connectivity between anxiety-related areas based on eye state, which in turn would affect the manifestation of individual differences in SP.
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78
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Xie J, Fang P, Zhang Z, Luo R, Dai B. Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems and Depression Among Females With Substance Use Disorder: The Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Anhedonia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644882. [PMID: 33746802 PMCID: PMC7969652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the behavioral inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS) have substantial effects on substance use disorder and emotional disorders, and substance use disorder and emotional disorders often occur; in particular, females with substance use disorder are more likely to also have serious emotional disorders including depression than their male counterparts. However, the associations between the BIS/BAS and depression in females with substance use disorder have received little attention. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of these relations are largely unknown. The present study examines the mediating roles of intolerance of uncertainty and anhedonia in the associations between the BIS/BAS and depression among females with substance use disorder from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. A total of 303 females with substance use disorder from a compulsory substance abuse detention center were tested using a cross-sectional survey involving BIS/BAS Scales, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The path analysis model revealed that both the BIS and BAS had a direct effect on depression, that the BIS had an indirect effect on depression through intolerance of uncertainty, and that the BAS had an indirect effect on depression via anhedonia. These findings contribute to a more thorough understanding of how the BIS/BAS influence depression among females with substance use disorder and suggest that the utility of targeting these associations in treatments would help reduce depression in females with substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Xie
- Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ronglei Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bibing Dai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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79
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Weydmann G, Cauduro GN, Hauck Filho N, Bizarro L. Teoria da Sensibilidade ao Reforçamento: Pressupostos, Procedimentos e Medidas. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e37218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A Teoria da Sensibilidade ao Reforçamento (RST) é um modelo psicobiológico de personalidade derivado de estudos experimentais com humanos e não humanos. Na RST, duas dimensões de personalidade influenciam a reatividade ao ambiente: sensibilidade à recompensa (SR) e sensibilidade à punição (SP). O pressuposto central da teoria é de que há uma relação entre personalidade (SR e SP) e aprendizagem por condicionamento. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar aos pesquisadores brasileiros a história, as hipóteses centrais e os procedimentos experimentais da RST e discutir as medidas utilizadas para testar os pressupostos da teoria. A RST é um modelo promissor para o estudo da personalidade dentro da psicologia experimental, psiquiatria e neurociências.
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80
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Raemen L, Luyckx K, Müller A, Buelens T, Verschueren M, Claes L. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Pathological Buying in Community Adults and Patients with Eating Disorders: Associations with Reactive and Regulative Temperament. Psychol Belg 2020; 60:396-410. [PMID: 33442483 PMCID: PMC7774363 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the (co-)occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and pathological buying (PB) and their associations with reactive/regulative temperament in a sample of female patients with eating disorders (ED) and in a sample of community adults. Our samples consisted of 254 community adults (48.8% female) and 60 female patients with ED. All participants filled out self-report questionnaires to assess NSSI, PB, and reactive/regulative temperament. Prevalence rates of NSSI and PB were respectively 14.5% and 4.8% for community women, 13.1% and 1.5% for community men, and 36.7% and 10% for female patients with ED. Only for community women, NSSI was positively related to PB. NSSI was negatively related to self-regulation in community men and women. Additionally, NSSI was negatively predicted by BAS reactivity in the clinical sample and by the interaction of BAS reactivity and self-regulation in community men. PB was predicted by low self-regulation in the three groups. Additionally, PB was positively predicted by BAS reactivity and by the interaction of BAS reactivity and self-regulation in community women. These findings indicated group differences in the (co-)occurrence of NSSI and PB and in their associations with underlying temperamental characteristics between individuals with and without ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leni Raemen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BE
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BE
- UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, ZA
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, DE
| | - Tinne Buelens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BE
| | | | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BE
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BE
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81
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van der Oord S, Tripp G. How to Improve Behavioral Parent and Teacher Training for Children with ADHD: Integrating Empirical Research on Learning and Motivation into Treatment. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2020; 23:577-604. [PMID: 32968886 PMCID: PMC7585566 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood with poor prognosis if not treated effectively. Recommended psychosocial evidence-based treatment for preschool and school-aged children is behavioral parent and teacher training [BPT]. The core elements of BPT are instrumental learning principles, i.e., reinforcement of adaptive and the ignoring or punishment of non-adaptive behaviors together with stimulus control techniques. BPT is moderately effective in reducing oppositional behavior and improving parenting practices; however, it does not reduce blinded ratings of ADHD symptoms. Also after training effects dissipate. This practitioner review proposes steps that can be taken to improve BPT outcomes for ADHD, based on purported causal processes underlying ADHD. The focus is on altered motivational processes (reward and punishment sensitivity), as they closely link to the instrumental processes used in BPT. Following a critical analysis of current behavioral treatments for ADHD, we selectively review motivational reinforcement-based theories of ADHD, including the empirical evidence for the behavioral predictions arising from these theories. This includes consideration of children's emotional reactions to expected and unexpected outcomes. Next we translate this evidence into potential ADHD-specific adjustments designed to enhance the immediate and long-term effectiveness of BPT programs in addressing the needs of children with ADHD. This includes the use of remediation strategies for proposed deficits in learning not commonly used in BPT programs and cautions regarding the use of punishment. Finally, we address how these recommendations can be effectively transferred to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia van der Oord
- Behavior, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gail Tripp
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa Prefecture, 904-0495, Japan.
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82
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Bacon AM, Corr PJ. Behavioral Immune System Responses to Coronavirus: A Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Explanation of Conformity, Warmth Toward Others and Attitudes Toward Lockdown. Front Psychol 2020; 11:566237. [PMID: 33324279 PMCID: PMC7725687 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral immune system (BIS) describes psychological mechanisms that detect cues to infectious pathogens in the immediate environment, trigger disease-relevant responses and facilitate behavioral avoidance/escape. BIS activation elicits a perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) which can result in conformity with social norms. However, a response to superficial cues can result in aversive responses to people that pose no actual threat, leading to an aversion to unfamiliar others, and likelihood of prejudice. Pathogen-neutralizing behaviors, therefore, have implications for social interaction as well as illness behaviors and responses to health communications. In this study, we investigate how PVD influences conformity, attitudes to other people and to lockdown regulations through the lens of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). RST describes personality in terms of biologically-driven approach and avoidance motivations which support personal goals. Participants from the United Kingdom public (N = 605) completed an RST personality questionnaire and then read either (a) coronavirus morbidity-mortality statistics and current United Kingdom government lifestyle regulations, (b) just the regulations (as presented in most government publicity materials), or (c) no information at all. They all completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease scale to assess BIS-relevant Germ Aversion and Perceived Infectability, followed by questions measuring social conformity, warmth toward others and attitudes toward lockdown measures. Significantly lower PVD scores were observed in the no-information condition, with the other conditions showing no difference. In terms of RST, approach behaviors related to goal-drive persistence work alongside fear in explaining conformity to social norms. Reward related approach behaviors partially explained warmth toward others, indicating that social rewards gained through interaction continue to be strong drivers of behavior. We found no role for RST traits in attitudes toward lockdown. Overall, coronavirus-related behavior is not driven purely by fear, but also by social and/or protection goals regulated by approach motivation. This study presents new insights into public perceptions of coronavirus and government regulated lifestyle restrictions, helping to explain social behaviors in terms of biologically driven mechanisms. Such understanding is vital if we are to successfully motivate public behavior to constrain spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bacon
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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83
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The dual-system theory of bipolar spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 83:101945. [PMID: 33217713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar spectrum disorders are characterized by alternating intervals of extreme positive and negative affect. We performed a meta-analysis to test the hypothesis that such disorders would be related to dysregulated reinforcement sensitivity. First, we reviewed 23 studies that reported the correlation between self-report measures of (hypo)manic personality and measures of reinforcement sensitivity. A large relationship was found between (hypo)manic personality and BAS sensitivity (g = .74), but not with BIS sensitivity (g = -.08). This stands in contrast to self-reported depression which has a small, negative relationship with BAS sensitivity and a large positive one with BIS sensitivity (Katz et al., 2020). Next, we reviewed 33 studies that compared reinforcement sensitivity between euthymic, bipolar participants and healthy controls. There, bipolar disorder had a small, positive relationship with BAS sensitivity (g = .20) and a medium, positive relationship with BIS sensitivity (g = .64). These findings support a dualsystem theory of bipolar disorders, wherein BAS sensitivity is more closely related to mania and BIS sensitivity more closely to bipolar depression. Bipolar disorders show diatheses for both states with euthymic participants being BAS- and BIS- hypersensitive. Implications for further theory and research practice are expounded upon in the discussion.
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84
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Sun J, Luo Y, Chang H, Zhang R, Liu R, Jiang Y, Xi H. The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in BIS/BAS Sensitivities, Depression, and Anxiety Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in China. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:939-948. [PMID: 33204187 PMCID: PMC7667197 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s269874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS), which primarily underlie emotions and behaviors, are associated with depression and anxiety. However, the reasons behind these associations require further exploration. Objective This study aims to examine the mediating effects of cognitive emotion regulation between BIS/BAS and depression/anxiety among community-dwelling elderly Chinese. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 836 elderly individuals. Structural equation modeling was used to determine relationships among BIS/BAS, cognitive emotion regulation, and depression/anxiety. Results Participants reporting higher BIS sensitivity were more likely to use maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, which were in turn associated with higher rates of depression and anxiety. BAS sensitivity was more likely to lead to adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, which resulted in lower levels of depression and anxiety. Conclusion Our findings suggest that incorporating emotional regulation in interventions targeting BIS/BAS sensitivities may enhance the accuracy and efficiency of these treatments for depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Sun
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Luo
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Chang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Xi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, People's Republic of China
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85
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Rattel JA, Miedl SF, Liedlgruber M, Blechert J, Seidl E, Wilhelm FH. Sensation seeking and neuroticism in fear conditioning and extinction: The role of avoidance behaviour. Behav Res Ther 2020; 135:103761. [PMID: 33186828 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptive avoidance behaviour, a key symptom of anxiety-related disorders, prevents extinction learning and maintains anxiety. Individual personality traits likely influence avoidance propensity: high sensation-seeking may decrease avoidance, thereby increasing extinction, and neuroticism may have the reverse effect. However, research on this is scarce. Using a naturalistic conditioned avoidance paradigm, 163 women underwent differential fear acquisition to a conditioned stimulus (CSplus). Next, during extinction, participants could either choose a risky shortcut, anticipating shock signalled by CSplus, or a time-consuming avoidance option (lengthy detour). Across participants, increased skin conductance (SCR) acquisition learning predicted subsequent instrumental avoidance. Avoidance, in turn, predicted elevated post-extinction SCR and shock-expectancy, i.e., 'protection-from-extinction'. Mediation analyses revealed that sensation seeking decreased protection-from-extinction-both for shock-expectancy and SCR-via attenuating avoidance. Neither sensation seeking nor neuroticism were related to acquisition learning and neuroticism was neither related to avoidance nor extinction. Transcranial direct currentstimulation administered before extinction did not influence present results. Results highlight the important role of elevated avoidance propensity in fear maintenance. Results moreover provide evidence for reduced sensation-seeking and increased acquisition learning to be avoidance-driving mechanisms. Since approach-avoidance conflicts are faced by anxiety patients on a daily basis, strengthening sensation-seeking-congruent attitudes and approach behaviours may optimize individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julina A Rattel
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Stephan F Miedl
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Liedlgruber
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Division of Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Esther Seidl
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank H Wilhelm
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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86
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Stapleton P, Whitehead M. Dysfunctional Eating in an Australian Community Sample: The Role of Emotion Regulation, Impulsivity, and Reward and Punishment Sensitivity. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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87
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Zubovics EA, Fiáth R, Rádosi A, Pászthy B, Réthelyi JM, Ulbert I, Bunford N. Neural and self-reported reward responsiveness are associated with dispositional affectivity and emotion dysregulation in adolescents with evidence for convergent and incremental validity. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13723. [PMID: 33179791 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by heightened reward sensitivity which, in turn, confers risk for pertinent negative outcomes, underscoring the need to better understand biological bases and behavioral correlates of reward responsiveness during this developmental phase. Our goals in the current study were to examine, in a sample of 43 typically developing adolescents (Mage = 15.67 years; SD = 1.01; 32.6% boys), (1) evidence of convergent validity between neural and self-report reward responsiveness, (2) associations between neural reward responsiveness and self-report dispositional affectivity and emotion dysregulation (ED) and (3) evidence of incremental validity of self-report beyond neural reward responsiveness in predicting affectivity and ED. During electroencephalography (EEG), adolescents completed two experimental paradigms probing event-related potential (ERP) indices of reward anticipation and initial responsiveness to reward attainment. Following EEG, they completed self-report measures of reward responsiveness, affectivity, and ED. Findings indicated some evidence of convergent validity between enhanced ERP indices of reward anticipation and initial response to reward and greater reinforcement sensitivity; that ERP indices of both reward responsiveness aspects predicted lower negative affectivity and less ED; and evidence of incremental validity of self-report beyond neural reward responsiveness in predicting outcomes. Results underscore the utility of a multi-method framework in assessing adolescent reward responsiveness and support the relevance of reward responsiveness in explaining individual differences in dispositional affectivity and ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin A Zubovics
- "Lendület" Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Fiáth
- Comparative Psychophysiology Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Rádosi
- "Lendület" Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bea Pászthy
- 1st Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Comparative Psychophysiology Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Bunford
- "Lendület" Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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88
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Associations of behavioral inhibition system with negatively biased social cognitions: Moderation by the behavioral approach system. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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89
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Reward sensitivity, affective neuroscience personality, symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and TPH2-703G/T (rs4570625) genotype. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020; 32:247-256. [PMID: 32338242 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2020.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reward sensitivity is an increasingly used construct in psychiatry, yet its possible inner structure and relationship with other affective variables are not well known. METHODS A reward sensitivity measurement scale was constructed on the basis of large item pool collected from birth cohort representative samples (the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study; original n = 1238). Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) and the Adult Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were administered in young adulthood. A variant (rs4570625) of the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) that is responsible for the synthesis of central serotonin was genotyped. RESULTS Reward sensitivity consisted of two orthogonal components, operationally defined as Openness to Rewards and Insatiability by Reward, that respectively characterise the striving towards multiple rewards and the strong pursuit and fixation to a particular reward. While SEEKING and PLAY (and to lower extent CARE) of the ANPS co-varied with Openness to Rewards, FEAR, SADNESS, and ANGER were related to Insatiability by Reward. The total score of ASRS was moderately correlated with Insatiability by Reward, while the association with Openness to Rewards was negligible. However, ASRS Inattention had some negative relationship with the Social Experience facet of Openness to Rewards. The T/T homozygotes for the TPH2 promoter polymorphism had lower Insatiability by Reward but not Openness to Rewards. CONCLUSIONS Behaviours sensitive to rewards are separable to the components of variability and fixation, and these components are differentially related to affective aspects of personality, attention, and hyperactivity as well as to TPH2 genotype.
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90
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Hassan R, Van Lieshout RJ, Saigal S, Schmidt LA. Behavioral Inhibition and Activation (BIS/BAS) Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Adult Survivors. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Although individual differences in behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation (BIS/BAS) are associated with differential risk of psychopathology in typical development, and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors experience higher rates of psychopathology, measures of BIS/BAS have been largely unexplored in this population. As well, apparently no studies have examined the long-term stability of BIS/BAS in typical or atypical development. Ninety-nine ELBW survivors and 86 normal birth weight (NBW) control participants completed a measure of BIS/BAS at ages 22–26 and 30–35 years. At age 30–35 years we found that ELBW survivors scored lower on the BAS scale than NBW controls, but did not differ on the BIS scale. We also found evidence for long-term stability of BIS/BAS at the individual and rank-order levels, but not at the mean-level. These results highlight the importance of considering stability of motivational aspects of personality and also add to our understanding of how individual differences in these motivational tendencies may underlie psychopathology among ELBW survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Hassan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan J. Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Saroj Saigal
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Louis A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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91
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Khosravani V, Baseri A, Kamali Z, Mohammadzadeh A, Amirinezhad A. Direct and Indirect Effects of Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems on Depression and Current Suicidal Ideation Through Rumination and Self-Reflection. Arch Suicide Res 2020; 24:568-588. [PMID: 31349768 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2019.1649224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate direct and indirect effects of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioral activation system (BAS) on depression and current suicidal ideation through rumination and self-reflection in a sample of suicide attempters. Three hundred suicide attempters completed the Rumination/Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ), the Carver and White BIS/BAS scales, the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results revealed that the BAS and BIS had direct effects on suicidal ideation but not depression. Low BAS had an indirect effect on depression through decreased self-reflection. High BIS had an indirect effect on depression via increased rumination. Low BAS and high BIS had indirect effects on suicidal ideation through decreased self-reflection. The findings suggest that low BAS and high BIS may be associated with depression and suicidal ideation in suicide attempters who have decreased self-reflection and increased rumination. Also, increasing self-reflection and reducing rumination as respectively adaptive and maladaptive self-focused attention strategies may prohibit depression and suicidal ideation.
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92
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Exploring approach motivation: Correlating self-report, frontal asymmetry, and performance in the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1234-1247. [PMID: 32929696 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Frontal EEG asymmetry has been investigated as a physiological metric of approach motivation, with higher left frontal activity (LFA) suggested to reflect approach motivation. However, correlations between LFA and traditional metrics of approach motivation (e.g., scores from the behavioral inhibition system/behavioral approach system [BIS/BAS] survey) are inconsistent. It is also not clear how LFA correlates to approach motivation on an observable, behavioral level. Here, we tested correlations between BIS/BAS scores, LFA, and performance in the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT). In our sample (n = 49), BIS/BAS results did not correlate to LFA values (resting or task states), and were also unrelated to EEfRT performance variables. We found evidence of significant and distinct correlations between LFA and EEfRT performance. Resting-state LFA positively correlated to effort expenditure on lower utility trials, where reward size and/or probability were suboptimal. Task-onset LFA captured in the first 5 min of the task was related to overall behavioral performance in the EEfRT. High task-onset LFA correlated to high trial completion rates, high-effort trial selection percentages, and overall monetary earnings. One interpretation of these initial findings is that resting-state LFA reflects approach tendencies to expend effort, but that this extends to suboptimal situations, whereas task-state LFA better reflects effortful approach toward high-utility goals. Given the relatively small sample size and the risk of Type I/II errors, we present the study as exploratory and the results as preliminary. However, the findings highlight interesting initial links between LFA and EEfRT performance. The need for larger replication studies is discussed.
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93
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Nelemans SA, van Assche E, Bijttebier P, Colpin H, van Leeuwen K, Verschueren K, Claes S, van den Noortgate W, Goossens L. Parenting Interacts with Oxytocin Polymorphisms to Predict Adolescent Social Anxiety Symptom Development: A Novel Polygenic Approach. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:1107-1120. [PMID: 29696435 PMCID: PMC6599763 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Guided by a developmental psychopathology framework, research has increasingly focused on the interplay of genetics and environment as a predictor of different forms of psychopathology, including social anxiety. In these efforts, the polygenic nature of complex phenotypes such as social anxiety is increasingly recognized, but studies applying polygenic approaches are still scarce. In this study, we applied Principal Covariates Regression as a novel approach to creating polygenic components for the oxytocin system, which has recently been put forward as particularly relevant to social anxiety. Participants were 978 adolescents (49.4% girls; Mage T1 = 13.8 years). Across 3 years, questionnaires were used to assess adolescent social anxiety symptoms and multi-informant reports of parental psychological control and autonomy support. All adolescents were genotyped for 223 oxytocin single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 14 genes. Using Principal Covariates Regression, these SNPs could be reduced to five polygenic components. Four components reflected the underlying linkage disequilibrium and ancestry structure, whereas the fifth component, which consisted of small contributions of many SNPs across multiple genes, was strongly positively associated with adolescent social anxiety symptoms, pointing to an index of genetic risk. Moreover, significant interactions were found with this polygenic component and the environmental variables of interest. Specifically, adolescents who scored high on this polygenic component and experienced less adequate parenting (i.e., high psychological control or low autonomy support) showed the highest levels of social anxiety. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of individual-by-environment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A Nelemans
- Research Unit School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Research Center Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, PO box 80.140, 3508, TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Evelien van Assche
- GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patricia Bijttebier
- Research Unit School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Colpin
- Research Unit School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karla van Leeuwen
- Parenting and Special Education Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karine Verschueren
- Research Unit School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Goossens
- Research Unit School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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94
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Reward network connectivity "at rest" is associated with reward sensitivity in healthy adults: A resting-state fMRI study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:726-736. [PMID: 30680664 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral approach system (BAS), based on reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST), is a neurobehavioral system responsible for detecting and promoting motivated behaviors towards appetitive stimuli. Anatomically, the frontostriatal system has been proposed as the core of the BAS, mainly the ventral tegmental area and the ventral striatum and their dopaminergic connections with medial prefrontal structures. The RST also proposes the personality trait of reward sensitivity as a measurable construct of stable individual differences in BAS activity. However, the relationship between this trait and brain connectivity "at rest" has been poorly studied, mainly because previous investigations have focused on studying brain activity under reward-related contingency paradigms. Here, we analyzed the influence of reward sensitivity on the resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) between BAS-related areas by correlating the BOLD time series with the scores on the Sensitivity to Reward (SR) scale in a sample of 89 healthy young adults. Rs-FC between regions of interest were all significant. Results also revealed a positive association between SR scores and the rs-FC between the VTA and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and between the latter structure and the anterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that reward sensitivity could be associated with different resting-state activity in the mesocortical pathway.
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95
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Gomez R, Watson S, Wynen JV, Trawley S, Stavropoulos V, Corr PJ. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire: Factor Structure Based on CFA and ESEM, and Associations with ADHD. J Pers Assess 2020; 103:523-534. [PMID: 32496822 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1769113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (r-RST) of personality is a major neuropsychological theory of motivation, emotion and personality. This paper presents the results of a study examining: (1) the factor structure of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM); and (2) the relationships of the r-RST constructs in the RST-PQ with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom groups of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI). A total of 572 (Sample 1) and 309 (Sample 2) adults completed the RST-PQ. Participants in Sample 2 also completed a questionnaire measuring ADHD symptoms. Results revealed more support for the ESEM model with six factors than the CFA model. For both the ESEM and CFA models, both IA and HI symptom groups were associated positively with the RST-PQ constructs of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) Impulsivity, with IA also associated negatively with the BAS-Goal-Drive Persistence. The theoretical implications of these findings for understanding the factor structure of the RST-PQ, and for ADHD (IA and HI) in terms of r-RST, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapson Gomez
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Australia
| | - Shaun Watson
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Australia
| | | | - Steven Trawley
- Cairnmillar Institute, Hawthorn East, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vasileios Stavropoulos
- Cairnmillar Institute, Hawthorn East, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip J Corr
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, London, UK
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96
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Zhang J, Hua Y, Xiu L, Oei TP, Hu P. Resting state frontal alpha asymmetry predicts emotion regulation difficulties in impulse control. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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97
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Kreuze LJ, Jonker NC, Hartman CA, Nauta MH, de Jong PJ. Attentional Bias for Cues Signaling Punishment and Reward in Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Prognostic Associations with Symptoms of Anxiety and Behavioral Disorders. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:1007-1021. [PMID: 32445103 PMCID: PMC7351843 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heightened reward sensitivity has been proposed as a risk factor for developing behavioral disorders whereas heightened punishment sensitivity has been related to the development of anxiety disorders in youth. Combining a cross-sectional (n = 696, mean age = 16.14) and prospective (n = 598, mean age = 20.20) approach, this study tested the hypotheses that an attentional bias for punishing cues is involved in the development of anxiety disorders and an attentional bias for rewarding cues in the development of behavioral disorders. A spatial orientation task was used to examine the relation between an attentional bias for punishing cues and an attentional bias for rewarding cues with anxiety and behavioral problems in a subsample of a large prospective population cohort study. Our study indicates that attentional biases to general cues of punishment and reward do not seem to be important risk factors for the development of anxiety or behavioral problems respectively. It might be that attentional biases play a role in the maintenance of psychological problems. This remains open for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kreuze
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - N C Jonker
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M H Nauta
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P J de Jong
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
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98
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Associations of Cannabis- and Tobacco-Related Problem Severity with Reward and Punishment Sensitivity and Impulsivity in Adolescent Daily Cigarette Smokers. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 19:1963-1979. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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99
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Roman-Juan J, Fiol-Veny A, Zuzama N, Caimari-Ferragut M, Bornas X, Balle M. Adolescents at risk of anxiety in interaction with their fathers: Studying non-verbal and physiological synchrony. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:1062-1075. [PMID: 32394488 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a vulnerable period in terms of the onset of anxiety disorders, and dyadic parent-adolescent interactions may play a key role in either increasing or reducing the risk of psychopathologies. This study examines the presence of physiological synchrony (specifically, linkage in interbeat interval series) and non-verbal synchrony in positive and negative interactions between adolescents (aged 13-16) and their fathers. Non-verbal synchrony was quantified through the coordination of the interactants' body movements, using an automated video-analysis algorithm (motion energy analysis). Participants were made up of 53 parent-adolescent dyads, the latter at either low (n = 28) or high (n = 25) risk of anxiety. Adolescents at low risk of anxiety displayed statistically significant levels of non-verbal synchrony with their fathers during positive interactions. Non-verbal synchrony was not found in the father-adolescent dyads featuring adolescents at high risk of anxiety. Physiological synchrony was not significantly present above chance level in either of the groups of adolescents. Overall, the results suggest that adolescents at high risk of anxiety may have difficulties in managing non-distressing interactions with their fathers. The results also suggest that physiological synchrony is not a straightforward phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Roman-Juan
- University Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Aina Fiol-Veny
- University Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Neus Zuzama
- University Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Bornas
- University Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Maria Balle
- University Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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100
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Buelens T, Luyckx K, Verschueren M, Schoevaerts K, Dierckx E, Depestele L, Claes L. Temperament and Character Traits of Female Eating Disorder Patients with(out) Non-Suicidal Self-Injury. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041207. [PMID: 32331415 PMCID: PMC7230745 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorder (ED) patients show alarmingly high prevalence rates of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Adolescents seem to be particularly at risk, as EDs and NSSI both have their onset in mid-adolescence. It has been suggested that personality could be a transdiagnostic mechanism underlying both EDs and NSSI. However, little attention has been given to adolescent clinical samples compared to adult and/or community samples. Therefore, the current study investigated the role of personality in a sample of 189 female inpatients with an ED (M = 15.93, SD = 0.98). Our results confirmed the high prevalence of NSSI in EDs, specifically in patients with bingeing/purging behaviours (ED-BP). Temperamental differences were found between ED-BP and the restrictive ED subtype (ED-R). Namely, ED-BP patients showed more harm avoidance and less self-directedness compared to ED-R. Temperamental differences were found in NSSI as well, regardless of ED subtype: ED patients who had engaged in NSSI during their lifetime reported less self-directedness and more harm avoidance. Interestingly, only ED patients who recently engaged in NSSI showed less novelty seeking. These temperamental profiles should be recognised as key mechanisms in the treatment of adolescent ED patients with and without NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Buelens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.); (L.D.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-163-77-506
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.); (L.D.); (L.C.)
- UNIBS, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Margaux Verschueren
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.); (L.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Katrien Schoevaerts
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium; (K.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
| | - Lies Depestele
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.); (L.D.); (L.C.)
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.); (L.D.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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