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James JK, Jeffery MM, Campbell RL, Wieland ML, Ryu AJ. Demographic Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Psychiatric Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic. MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS: INNOVATIONS, QUALITY & OUTCOMES 2022; 6:436-442. [PMID: 35966029 PMCID: PMC9359487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe changes in emergency department (ED) psychiatric visits during the pandemic in both rural and nonrural regions in the United States. Methods This cohort study was performed across 22 EDs in the Midwest and Southern United States from January 1, 2019 to April 22, 2021. Prevalence of psychiatric visits before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, defined as starting on March 1, 2020, were compared. Psychiatric and nonpsychiatric visits were defined on the basis of primary clinician-assigned diagnosis. The primary end point was average daily visits normalized to the average daily visit count before the pandemic, labeled as relative mean daily visits (RMDVs). Results Psychiatric visits decreased by 9% [RMDVs, 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-0.93] during the pandemic period, whereas nonpsychiatric visits decreased by 17% (RMDVs, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.81-0.84). Black patients were the only demographic group with a significant increase in psychiatric visits during the pandemic (RMDVs, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.19). Periods of outbreaks of psychiatric emergencies were identified in most demographic groups, including among male and pediatric patients. However, the outbreaks detected among Black patients sustained the longest at 6 months. Unlike older adults who experienced outbreaks in the spring and fall of 2020, outbreaks among pediatric patients were detected later in 2021. Conclusion In this multisite study, total ED visits declined during the pandemic; however, psychiatric visits declined less than nonpsychiatric visits. Black patients experienced a greater increase in psychiatric emergencies than other demographic groups. There is also a concern for increasing outbreaks of pediatric psychiatric visits as the pandemic progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose K. James
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Molly M. Jeffery
- Division of Health Care Policy & Research, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Mark L. Wieland
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alexander J. Ryu
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Correspondence: Address to Alexander J. Ryu, MD, Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St SW, Old Marian Hall, 4th Fl, Rochester, MN 55902.
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Exploring the over-time, multifaceted impacts of three COVID-19 lockdowns on aspects of capability, wellbeing and mental health across vulnerabilities in Austria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16484. [PMID: 36182966 PMCID: PMC9526204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Austrian government imposed multiple major lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the relevant measures and their perceptions varied over time. The aim of this study was to compare the over-time impacts of the three COVID-19 lockdowns between March 2020 and December 2021 for (capability) wellbeing and mental health in Austria. Adult Austrian residents (n = 87) completed an online survey about their experiences during three COVID-19 lockdowns, including capabilities (OxCAP-MH), depression and anxiety (HADS), and general wellbeing (WHO-5). Differences across the baseline and follow-up scores of these instruments were summarised by demographic/socioeconomic characteristics. Longitudinal comparisons of the impacts of the lockdowns were conducted using random effect models on panel data for overall instrument scores and individual capability items. The levels of (capability) wellbeing and mental health decreased for most respondents across the three lockdowns: average 2.4% reduction in OxCAP-MH scores, 18.8% and 9% increases in HADS depression and anxiety subscale scores respectively, and 19.7% reduction in WHO-5 score between the first and third lockdowns. Mental health treatment prior to the pandemic, social support and satisfaction with government measures were the most influential characteristics that determine the association with impacts of the chain of lockdowns. Our study is the first to assess the differential capability limiting aspects of lockdowns over time alongside their impacts on mental health and general wellbeing and calls for special attention for mental health patients, isolation and satisfaction with government measures.
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German-Ponciano LJ, Rosas-Sánchez GU, Cueto-Escobedo J, Fernández-Demeneghi R, Guillén-Ruiz G, Soria-Fregozo C, Herrera-Huerta EV, Rodríguez-Landa JF. Participation of the Serotonergic System and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Antidepressant-like Effect of Flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810896. [PMID: 36142808 PMCID: PMC9505567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are among the most disabling diseases experienced around the world, and their incidence has significantly increased over the last few decades due to multiple environmental, social, and biological factors. The search for new pharmacological alternatives to treat depression is a global priority. In preclinical research, molecules obtained from plants, such as flavonoids, have shown promising antidepressant-like properties through several mechanisms of action that have not been fully elucidated, including crossing of the blood brain barrier (BBB). This review will focus on discussing the main findings related to the participation of the serotonergic system and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the antidepressant-like effect of some flavonoids reported by behavioral, neurochemical, and molecular studies. In this sense, evidence shows that depressive individuals have low levels of serotonin and BDNF, while flavonoids can reverse it. Finally, the elucidation of the mechanism used by flavonoids to modulate serotonin and BDNF will contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological bases underlying the antidepressant-like effects produced by these natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo
- Departamento de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz
- Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México CONACyT-Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | - César Soria-Fregozo
- Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Mexico
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Marshall GC, Skeva R, Jay C, Silva MEP, Fyles M, House T, Davis EL, Pi L, Medley GF, Quilty BJ, Dyson L, Yardley L, Fearon E. Public perceptions and interactions with UK COVID-19 Test, Trace and Isolate policies, and implications for pandemic infectious disease modelling. F1000Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124627.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The efforts to contain SARS-CoV-2 and reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have been supported by Test, Trace and Isolate (TTI) systems in many settings, including the United Kingdom. Mathematical models of transmission and TTI interventions, used to inform design and policy choices, make assumptions about the public’s behaviour in the context of a rapidly unfolding and changeable emergency. This study investigates public perceptions and interactions with UK TTI policy in July 2021, assesses them against how TTI processes are conceptualised and represented in models, and then interprets the findings with modellers who have been contributing evidence to TTI policy. Methods 20 members of the public recruited via social media were interviewed for one hour about their perceptions and interactions with the UK TTI system. Thematic analysis identified key themes, which were then presented back to a workshop of pandemic infectious disease modellers who assessed these findings against assumptions made in TTI intervention modelling. Workshop members co-drafted this report. Results Themes included education about SARS-CoV-2, perceived risks, trust, mental health and practical concerns. Findings covered testing practices, including the uses of and trust in different types of testing, and the challenges of testing and isolating faced by different demographic groups. This information was judged as consequential to the modelling process, from guiding the selection of research questions, influencing choice of model structure, informing parameter ranges and validating or challenging assumptions, to highlighting where model assumptions are reasonable or where their poor reflection of practice might lead to uninformative results. Conclusions We conclude that deeper engagement with members of the public should be integrated at regular stages of public health intervention modelling.
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Khubchandani J, Sharma S, Webb FJ, Wiblishauser MJ, Sharma M. COVID-19 Infection among Family and Friends: The Psychological Impact on Non-Infected Persons. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1123. [PMID: 36138859 PMCID: PMC9497068 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the mental health impact of having a family member or friend infected with COVID-19. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive national assessment of the psychological impact of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, or death among family members and friends. A multi-item valid and reliable questionnaire was deployed online to recruit adults in the U.S. A total of 2797 adult Americans without a history of COVID-19 infection participated in the study and reported that they had a family member or friend infected with (54%), hospitalized due to (48%), or die (36%) of COVID-19 infection. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both (i.e., psychological distress) were statistically significantly higher among those who had family members/friends infected, hospitalized, or die due to COVID-19. Also, this study found that the greater the number of family members/friends affected by COVID-19, or the more severe the COVID-19 infection outcome (i.e., hospitalization vs. death), the higher the odds of symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both. There is an urgent need to develop educational interventions and implement policy measures that address the growing mental health needs of this subgroup of the population that was not infected but indirectly affected by COVID-19 infections among social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Khubchandani
- College of Health, Education & Social Transformation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Provost Office, Texas A&M University Texarkana, Texarkana, TX 75503, USA
| | - Fern J. Webb
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Michael J. Wiblishauser
- School of Education, Health Professions & Human Development, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA
| | - Manoj Sharma
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA
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Popa A, Chereji AI, Dodu MA, Chereji I, Fitero A, Daina CM, Daina LG, Badau D, Neculoiu DC, Domnariu C. The Impact of Changes regarding Working Circumstances during COVID-19 Pandemic upon Patients Evaluated for Thyroid Dysfunction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9856. [PMID: 36011489 PMCID: PMC9407947 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated patients who presented with thyroid dysfunction correlated symptoms that started when the Government took important measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19. These measures have influenced the safety of many people’s jobs. Data were collected from 378 patients that were clinically evaluated at the Endocrinology Department, between September 2020 and January 2021. Their health status modifications were statistically analyzed in correlation with their life and work changes. These changes were induced by measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The lifestyle changes correlated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been present in both categories of patients: euthyroid and dysthyroid patients; 87.50% of euthyroid patients physically felt the pandemic-induced changes in their lives. It resulted in changes in lifestyle and job insecurity has a statistically significant influence (p < 0.01) on their state of health. The presence of life/work changes in men is strongly reflected in their state of health (p = 0.0004). Work instability that occurred as a side effect of the COVID-19 pandemic induced symptoms that made many people believe they have an endocrinology disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Popa
- Department of Endocrinology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Animal Science and Agritourism, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Aurelia-Ioana Chereji
- Department of Animal Science and Agritourism, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Monica Angelica Dodu
- Department of Animal Science and Agritourism, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioan Chereji
- Department of Animal Science and Agritourism, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andreea Fitero
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Oradea, 410169 Oradea, Romania
| | | | | | - Dana Badau
- Petru Maior Faculty of Sciences and Letters, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania
| | | | - Carmen Domnariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
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Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Górska A, Markiewicz R, Chilimoniuk Z, Czeczelewski M, Baj J, Maciejewski R, Masiak J. The Relationship between Mental Disorders and the COVID-19 Pandemic—Course, Risk Factors, and Potential Consequences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159573. [PMID: 35954930 PMCID: PMC9368061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review the authors discuss that COVID-19 has already had a direct impact on the physical health of many people and that it appears to have put at risk the mental health of large populations. In this review, we also discuss the relationship between mental disorders and the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We convey the disorders’ risk factors and the more serious mental disorder consequences of COVID-19. People with mental health disorders could be more susceptible to the emotional responses brought on by the COVID-19 epidemic. The COVID-19 pandemic may adversely influence the mental health of patients with already diagnosed mental disorders. For the aim of dealing better with the psychological problems of people afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic, new psychological procedures are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Górska
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Markiewicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 18 Szkolna St., 20-124 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Chilimoniuk
- Student Scientific Group, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 6a (SPSK1) Langiewicza St., 20-032 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Czeczelewski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- II Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Głuska (SPSK Nr 1) St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Duculan R, Jannat-Khah D, Wang XA, Mancuso CA. Psychological Stress Reported at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Subsequent Stress and Successful Coping in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases: A Longitudinal Analysis. J Clin Rheumatol 2022; 28:250-256. [PMID: 35471418 PMCID: PMC9336210 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a cohort assembled during the height of mortality-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York City, the objectives of this qualitative-quantitative mixed-methods study were to assess COVID-related stress at enrollment with subsequent stress and clinical and behavioral characteristics associated with successful coping during longitudinal follow-up. METHODS Patients with rheumatologist-diagnosed rheumatic disease taking immunosuppressive medications were interviewed in April 2020 and were asked open-ended questions about the impact of COVID-19 on psychological well-being. Stress-related responses were grouped into categories. Patients were interviewed again in January-March 2021 and asked about interval and current disease status and how well they believed they coped. Patients also completed the 29-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) measuring physical and emotional health during both interviews. RESULTS Ninety-six patients had follow-ups; 83% were women, and mean age was 50 years. Patients who reported stress at enrollment had improved PROMIS-29 scores, particularly for the anxiety subscale. At the follow-up, patients reported persistent and new stresses as well as numerous self-identified coping strategies. Overall coping was rated as very well (30%), well (48%), and neutral-fair-poor (22%). Based on ordinal logistic regression, variables associated with worse overall coping were worse enrollment-to-follow-up PROMIS-29 anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 4.4; confidence interval [CI], 1.1-17.3; p = 0.03), not reporting excellent/very good disease status at follow-up (OR, 2.7; CI, 1.1-6.5; p = 0.03), pandemic-related persistent stress (OR, 5.7; CI, 1.6-20.1; p = 0.007), and pandemic-related adverse long-lasting effects on employment (OR, 6.1; CI, 1.9-20.0; p = 0.003) and health (OR, 3.0; CI, 1.0-9.0; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study reflects the evolving nature of COVID-related psychological stress and coping, with most patients reporting they coped well. For those not coping well, multidisciplinary health care providers are needed to address long-lasting pandemic-associated adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Duculan
- From the Research Division
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - Deanna Jannat-Khah
- Division of Rheumatology
- Research Division, Biostatistics Core, Hospital for Special Surgery
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Xin A. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Carol A. Mancuso
- From the Research Division
- Division of Rheumatology
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Carr E, Oetzmann C, Davis K, Bergin-Cartwright G, Dorrington S, Lavelle G, Leightley D, Polling C, Stevelink SAM, Wickersham A, Vitiello V, Razavi R, Hotopf M. Trajectories of mental health among UK university staff and postgraduate students during the pandemic. Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:514-520. [PMID: 35307649 PMCID: PMC8960466 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-108097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the social and working lives of many. Past studies have highlighted worsening mental health during the pandemic, but often rely on small samples or infrequent follow-up. This study draws on fortnightly assessments from a large occupational cohort to describe differing trajectories of mental health between April 2020 and April 2021 and individual characteristics associated with these trajectory types. METHODS King's College London Coronavirus Health and Experiences of Colleagues at King's is an occupational cohort study at a large university in London, UK. Participants (n=2241) completed online questionnaires fortnightly between April 2020 and April 2021. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). RESULTS On average, participants reported low levels of anxiety and depression (GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores of 0-9, consistent with 'none', 'minimal' or 'mild' symptoms) throughout the year, with symptoms highest in April 2020 and decreasing over the summer months when no lockdown measures were in place. However, we observed more severe and variable symptoms among subgroups of participants. Four trajectory types for anxiety and depression were identified: 'persistent high severity' (6%-7% of participants), 'varying symptoms, opposing national cases' (4%-8%), 'varying symptoms, consistent with national cases' (6%-11%) and 'persistent low severity' (74%-84%). Younger age, female gender, caring responsibilities and shielding were associated with higher severity trajectory types. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight differing individual responses to the pandemic and underscore the need to consider individual circumstances when assessing and treating mental health. Aggregate trends in anxiety and depression may hide greater variation and symptom severity among subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Carr
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carolin Oetzmann
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katrina Davis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Bergin-Cartwright
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Dorrington
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Leightley
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Polling
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sharon A M Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Wickersham
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Vitiello
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Kaur W, Balakrishnan V, Chen YY, Periasamy J. Mental Health Risk Factors and Coping Strategies among Students in Asia Pacific during COVID-19 Pandemic-A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8894. [PMID: 35897264 PMCID: PMC9329973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 has forced higher education institutes to go into lockdown in order to curb the situation. This sudden change caused students within the institutions to forgo traditional face to face classroom settings and to attend immediate online classes. This review aims to summarize the evidence of the social demographic mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on students in higher education institutes within the Asia Pacific region and identify the coping mechanisms adopted during these times. A systematic literature search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus), out of which 64 studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The findings revealed that the social demographic groups most at risk were female students, those who were in the final years of their studies (i.e., students who were almost graduating), and postgraduate students as well as students studying medical fields (nursing, dental, medicine, health sciences etc.). The majority of the studies identified that students were relying on mobile devices and extended screen time to cope with the pandemic. Having proper social support, be it through a network of friends or positive family cohesion, can be a good buffer against the mental impacts of COVID-19. Students in higher education institutes are at risk of mental consequences due to COVID-19. By reducing their screen time, finding a healthier coping system, increasing the availability of support within the family and community, as well as actively engaging in beneficial activities students may be able to alleviate general negative emotions, specifically during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandeep Kaur
- Faculty of Information Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Vimala Balakrishnan
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Yoke Yong Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia;
| | - Jeyarani Periasamy
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;
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Beall JM, Jackson SB, Casola WR, Peterson MN, Larson LR, Stevenson KT, Seekamp E. Self-reported participation in outdoor and nature-based recreation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic supports psychological health and well-being. WELLBEING, SPACE AND SOCIETY 2022; 3:100094. [PMID: 35874123 PMCID: PMC9287538 DOI: 10.1016/j.wss.2022.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered daily lives and affected human health and well-being. Outdoor and nature-based activities could potentially mitigate some of these negative impacts. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on outdoor recreation and subjective well-being, we combined two samples of U.S. adults collected from April 30th - June 15th, 2020 and from August 7th - August 26th, 2020 (total n = 2178) using Qualtrics XM. During the pandemic, participation in outdoor activities declined by 35%, participation in nature-based activities declined by 33%, and subjective well-being declined by 24%. Participation in outdoor activities and nature activities prior to the pandemic and during the pandemic predicted smaller declines in subjective well-being. Results highlight the importance of outdoor recreation for building resilience to changes in subjective well-being before and during global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Beall
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - S Brent Jackson
- Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - William R Casola
- Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - M Nils Peterson
- Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Lincoln R Larson
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Kathryn T Stevenson
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Erin Seekamp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
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Herdian H, Suwarti S, Estria SR. Psychological Wellbeing and Psychological Distress in the Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022; 3:88-96. [PMID: 39045123 PMCID: PMC11262106 DOI: 10.17816/cp176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elderly population is deemed to be the most vulnerable to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. From March 2020 to April 2022, the implementation of psychological distancing is still being applied in Indonesia. In the light of the pandemic, mental health problems among the elderly require further exploration. This study examines the mental health status of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and the factors that affect their mental health, such as loneliness and attachment to God. METHODS A sequential explanatory type of the mixed-method approach was adopted for the purposes of this study. In particular, the researchers first conducted a quantitative survey, analyzed its results, and then explained them in more detail using qualitative research. RESULTS The results show that loneliness is a predictor of mental health in the elderly, while attachment to God does not correlate with mental health. More specifically, we described that minimal activity, inability to meet children and grandchildren, and inability to recite the Qur'an were the main factors triggering sadness among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we defined that elderly people use productive and religious activities, and communication as main coping strategies. CONCLUSION Loneliness has been a serious problem for the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting their mental health. The findings of this research can be used as a basis or reference for maintaining the mental health of the elderly during the pandemic.
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Schäfer AA, Santos LP, Manosso LM, Quadra MR, Meller FO. Relationship between sleep duration and quality and mental health before and during COVID-19 pandemic: Results of population-based studies in Brazil. J Psychosom Res 2022; 158:110910. [PMID: 35427941 PMCID: PMC8993422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and quality and mental health before and amid the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data from two population-based cross-sectional studies conducted in 2019 and 2020 with adults in Criciúma, Southern Brazil. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to screen major depressive episodes, while the perceived stress scale was used to assess perceived stress. Sleep was evaluated through self-reported duration and quality. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between sleep and mental health disorders. RESULTS A total of 820 (in 2019) and 863 subjects (in 2020) were assessed. Sleep quality presented significant associations with depression and stress in both years, and the magnitude of the association with depression increased amid COVID-19 pandemic. In individuals with poor/very poor sleep quality, the risk of depression in 2019 was 2.14 (95%IC 1.48;3.09) higher when compared to those with good/very good sleep quality. This risk increased to 2.26 (95%IC 1.49;3.40) in 2020. The risk of stress was 1.90 (95%IC 1.42;2.55) in 2019 and 1.66 (95%IC1.34;2.07) in 2020. The sleep duration was not associated with mental health disorders in the adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION The results provide important evidence that sleep quality can influence mental health of adults. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have had a considerable impact on this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Augusto Schäfer
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Pozza Santos
- Nutrition College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Micaela Rabelo Quadra
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Meller
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Charpentier Mora S, Bastianoni C, Cavanna D, Bizzi F. Emerging adults facing the COVID-19 pandemic: emotion dysregulation, mentalizing, and psychological symptoms. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35756902 PMCID: PMC9209835 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Settled in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present short-term longitudinal study aims to investigate the relation between emotion dysregulation, mentalizing (both certainty and uncertainty about mental states), and psychological symptoms in a sample of 83 emerging adults (Mage = 22.18 years, SD = 4.36) over a continuous period started with COVID-19 spreads. Results display significant positive associations between psychological symptoms and both emotion dysregulation and uncertainty about mental states, while an inverse association with certainty about mental states was found. A moderation model was also performed, showing a significant negative association between emotion dysregulation and psychological symptoms at low levels of uncertainty about mental states. Conversely, a marginally significant positive association occurs at high levels of uncertainty about mental states. In other words, the presence of individual impairments in perceiving one's own/others mind may increase the negative consequences of emotion dysregulation on reported psychological symptoms. To sum up, our findings highlight the importance of considering mentalizing as a possible key factor for the promotion of emerging adults' mental health also in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Charpentier Mora
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Bastianoni
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Donatella Cavanna
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabiola Bizzi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
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Azevedo KJ, Kalvesmaki AF, Riendeau RP, Sweet PA, Holmes SM. Leveraging anthropological expertise to respond to the COVID-19 global mental health syndemic. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2022; 124:AMAN13747. [PMID: 35941987 PMCID: PMC9349891 DOI: 10.1111/aman.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This commentary asks anthropologists to work within communities to actively address the global mental health impact of COVID-19 and contribute to the pandemic response. Multiple social and physical losses, worsened by numerous factors, have produced syndemic traumatic stress and suffering across populations, highlighting persistent inequalities further amplified by the effects of COVID-19. Specifically, anthropologists can work to contribute to the development of mental health programs; confront the racialization of COVID-19 alongside marginalized communities; support real-time policy making with community responses; and innovate transparent collaborative research methods through open science. This pandemic can serve as an opportunity to prioritize research endeavors, public service, and teaching to better align with societal needs while providing new opportunities for synergy and collaborations between anthropologists in and outside the academy. Anthropologists collaborating directly with mental health clinicians and the public can contribute to knowledge specifically through direct program development and implementation of interventions designed to improve mental well-being. Innovating to find impactful solutions in response to the unprecedented mental health challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to promote more equitable recovery around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea F. Kalvesmaki
- Informatics, Decision‐Enhancement and Analytic Sciences CenterVA Salt Lake City Health Care System
| | - Rachel P. Riendeau
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation ResearchVA Boston Health Care System
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Riley BL, Valaitis RF, Abramowicz A, d'Avernas E, Jolin MA. Pause, re-think, go virtual … pandemic adaptations from 20 diverse mental health promotion intervention projects across Canada. MENTAL HEALTH & PREVENTION 2022; 26:200235. [PMID: 36570868 PMCID: PMC9764095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2022.200235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Government of Canada's Mental Health Promotion Innovation Fund (MHP-IF) is a platform for learning across diverse projects, facilitated by a Knowledge Development and Exchange Hub. MHP-IF projects were getting underway before the COVID-19 pandemic escalated in 2020 and dramatically shifted their circumstances and activities. Using storytelling methods, this study explored 20 project experiences during the first year of the pandemic, including how and why assumptions, plans, and activities were adapted; early signals about what was working well or not; and how adaptations influenced equity, access, and cultural safety. Project teams generally navigated through four stages: pausing, re-thinking, adapting, and settling into adjustments. Within and across these stages, projects addressed similar processes, including meeting fundamental needs of participants and project teams, managing unanticipated benefits, and engaging with online formats. All projects experienced the pandemic's influence of amplifying both inequities and public and political attention on mental health. This study provides experiential evidence from diverse settings and populations in Canada about pandemic adaptations. The multi-project model and storytelling methods can usefully contribute to additional research, including ways to address inequities and promote cultural safety.
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Ikeda T, Hori D, Sasaki H, Komase Y, Doki S, Takahashi T, Oi Y, Ikeda Y, Arai Y, Muroi K, Ishitsuka M, Matsuura A, Go W, Matsuzaki I, Sasahara S. Prevalence, characteristics, and psychological outcomes of workplace cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1087. [PMID: 35642023 PMCID: PMC9154040 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid introduction of teleworking due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to concerns about increases in cyberbullying (CB) worldwide. However, little is known about workplace CB in non-Western countries. The first objective was to clarify the prevalence and characteristics regarding workplace CB victimization in Japan. The second objective was to demonstrate the psychological outcomes of CB victimization in combination with traditional bullying (TB). Methods We conducted an anonymous, cross-sectional, Internet-based survey targeting regular employees in Japan (N = 1200) in January 2021. We investigated CB victimization using the Inventory of Cyberbullying Acts at Work and TB victimization by using the Short Negative Act Questionnaire. Possible explanatory factors for TB/CB victimization were sociodemographic variables, personality trait, chronic occupational stress, organizational climate, and gratitude at work. We also measured psychological distress, insomnia, and loneliness to assess adverse effects of workplace bullying. Two-step cluster analysis was used in determining the patterns combined with TB and CB victimization. Hierarchical binomial logistic regression analysis was used. Results In total, 8.0% of employees reported experiencing CB on a weekly basis. CB victimization was associated with younger age, managerial position, higher qualitative workload, and active information dissemination via the Internet, and frequency of teleworking. Three clusters based on TB and CB victimization patterns were identified: those who belong to the first cluster suffered neither from TB and CB (81.0%), the second cluster suffered only from TB (14.3%), and the third cluster suffered from both TB and CB (4.8%). The third cluster exhibited higher odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for psychological distress (OR = 12.63, 95% CI = 4.20–38.03), insomnia (OR = 6.26, 95% CI = 2.80–14.01), and loneliness (OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.74–6.04) compared to the first cluster. Conclusions These findings firstly clarify the prevalence and correlated factors of CB victimization among employees in Japan. Further, we showed that psychological wellbeing can be impaired by the coexistence of TB and CB. Our research could be the first step to develop the effective countermeasures against workplace CB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13481-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hori
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Komase
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Shotaro Doki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yo Arai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kei Muroi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mami Ishitsuka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Asako Matsuura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Wyi Go
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ichiyo Matsuzaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sasahara
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Empirical Analysis for Improving Food Quality Using Artificial Intelligence Technology for Enhancing Healthcare Sector. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1447326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence or AI has a wide range of applications in healthcare and food industries. AI helps in different ways in medical industries, such as analysing the disease progression rate, effective prediction of treatment method, and proper disease diagnosis. Advantages of artificial intelligence in the food business include enhanced customer accessibility, improved technological innovation, readily accessible client requirements and comments, strategic advantage through unique products, and plenty others. Different AI technologies such as “Machine Learning (ML),” “Neural Language Processing (NLP),” “Rule-Based Expert Systems (RESs),” “Deep Learning (DL),” and so on are used in healthcare and food industries for big “medical data” analysis. This study has applied three critical variables to measure the application of AI in enhancing food quality (viz., usage of machine learning models, NLP models, etc.). This study has stated that these models support in enhancing the overall food quality in an effective manner. The present research analyses the importance of these AI technologies in enhancing service quality in healthcare and food industries. A primary survey-based data analysis has been done with 153 individuals taken from healthcare industries. Moreover, statistical analysis has been done in this research with SPSS software. Four independent variables are taken in this research, which are ML, NLP, RES, and DL. The service quality of healthcare has been taken as a dependent variable, and the effect of independent variables on “enhancing healthcare service” has been analysed. Secondary thematic analysis has been done to justify primary data. The results show that 43.79% of the individuals have supported DL and 56.86% have supported the treatment prediction ability AI. 37.9% of the individuals have also supported AI over traditional medications. Further analysis has shown that independent variables ML, DL, NLP, and RES have a strong positive correlation with improving SQ. These results have been justified by secondary journals, and it is proved that AI technologies enhance the service quality in healthcare and food sectors.
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Alonso J, Vilagut G, Alayo I, Ferrer M, Amigo F, Aragón-Peña A, Aragonès E, Campos M, del Cura-González I, Urreta I, Espuga M, González Pinto A, Haro JM, López Fresneña N, Martínez de Salázar A, Molina JD, Ortí Lucas RM, Parellada M, Pelayo-Terán JM, Pérez Zapata A, Pijoan JI, Plana N, Puig MT, Rius C, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Sanz F, Serra C, Kessler RC, Bruffaerts R, Vieta E, Pérez-Solá V, Mortier P. Mental impact of Covid-19 among Spanish healthcare workers. A large longitudinal survey. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e28. [PMID: 35485802 PMCID: PMC9069586 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796022000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Longitudinal data on the mental health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic in healthcare workers is limited. We estimated prevalence, incidence and persistence of probable mental disorders in a cohort of Spanish healthcare workers (Covid-19 waves 1 and 2) -and identified associated risk factors. METHODS 8996 healthcare workers evaluated on 5 May-7 September 2020 (baseline) were invited to a second web-based survey (October-December 2020). Major depressive disorder (PHQ-8 ≥ 10), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7 ≥ 10), panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL-5 ≥ 7), and alcohol use disorder (CAGE-AID ≥ 2) were assessed. Distal (pre-pandemic) and proximal (pandemic) risk factors were included. We estimated the incidence of probable mental disorders (among those without disorders at baseline) and persistence (among those with disorders at baseline). Logistic regression of individual-level [odds ratios (OR)] and population-level (population attributable risk proportions) associations were estimated, adjusting by all distal risk factors, health care centre and time of baseline interview. RESULTS 4809 healthcare workers participated at four months follow-up (cooperation rate = 65.7%; mean = 120 days s.d. = 22 days from baseline assessment). Follow-up prevalence of any disorder was 41.5%, (v. 45.4% at baseline, p < 0.001); incidence, 19.7% (s.e. = 1.6) and persistence, 67.7% (s.e. = 2.3). Proximal factors showing significant bivariate-adjusted associations with incidence included: work-related factors [prioritising Covid-19 patients (OR = 1.62)], stress factors [personal health-related stress (OR = 1.61)], interpersonal stress (OR = 1.53) and financial factors [significant income loss (OR = 1.37)]. Risk factors associated with persistence were largely similar. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that the prevalence of probable mental disorders among Spanish healthcare workers during the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic was similarly high to that after the first wave. This was in good part due to the persistence of mental disorders detected at the baseline, but with a relevant incidence of about 1 in 5 of HCWs without mental disorders during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Health-related factors, work-related factors and interpersonal stress are important risks of persistence of mental disorders and of incidence of mental disorders. Adequately addressing these factors might have prevented a considerable amount of mental health impact of the pandemic among this vulnerable population. Addressing health-related stress, work-related factors and interpersonal stress might reduce the prevalence of these disorders substantially. Study registration number: NCT04556565.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Alayo
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Ferrer
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Amigo
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Aragón-Peña
- Epidemiology Unit, Regional Ministry of Health, Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de AP, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Aragonès
- Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
- Atenció Primària Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Tortosa, Spain
| | - M. Campos
- Service of Prevention of Labor Risks, Medical Emergencies System, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. del Cura-González
- Fundación Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de AP, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Primary Care Management, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Specialities and Public Health, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Urreta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M. Espuga
- Occupational Health Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. González Pinto
- Hospital Universitario Araba-Santiago, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Haro
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - J. D. Molina
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Villaverde Mental Health Center, Clinical Management Area of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. M. Ortí Lucas
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínic Universitari, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Parellada
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Pelayo-Terán
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital el Bierzo, Gerencia de Asistencia Sanitaria del Bierzo (GASBI), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), Ponferrada, León, Spain
- Area de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - A. Pérez Zapata
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. I. Pijoan
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Cruces/OSI EEC, Bilbao, Spain
| | - N. Plana
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. T. Puig
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Rius
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Rodriguez-Blazquez
- National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Sanz
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Progamme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Bioinformatica – ELIXIR-ES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Serra
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Parc de Salut Mar PSMAR, Barcelona, Spain
- CiSAL-Centro de Investigación en Salud Laboral, IMIM/UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. Bruffaerts
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. Vieta
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. Pérez-Solá
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Parc de Salut Mar PSMAR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Mortier
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - MINDCOVID Working group
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
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Debrot A, Kheyar M, Efinger L, Berthoud L, Pomini V. Supporting People having Lost a Close Person by Bereavement or Separation: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two French-Language Internet Interventions (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e39026. [PMID: 35737454 PMCID: PMC9264124 DOI: 10.2196/39026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Internet-based interventions (IBIs) are as efficient as face-to-face psychotherapy for a variety of mental health disorders, including complicated grief. Most evidence stems from guided IBIs. However, recent research indicates that the benefit of guidance is lower in more interactive IBIs. As such, providing guidance only to people requiring it (guidance on demand) appears a cost-effective solution. This is particularly important to develop given the recent rise in grief symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents the protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and adherence rate of 2 IBIs for grief-related symptoms after the loss a close one following death or romantic separation, using a guidance on demand framework. LIVIA 2.0 was developed based on theoretical and empirical findings on grief processes and IBIs, and it will be compared to LIVIA 1 that has already demonstrated its efficacy. Objective Our main hypotheses are that LIVIA 1 (control condition) and LIVIA 2.0 (experimental condition) increase participants’ well-being and decrease their distress at posttest and at follow-up, that LIVIA 2.0 is more efficient than LIVIA 1 for all outcomes, and that LIVIA 2.0 has less dropouts than LIVIA 1. Methods Outcomes will be assessed at pretest, posttest (12 weeks later), and follow-up (24 weeks later). We will recruit 234 participants through a variety of means, including social media and contacts with the press. Primary outcomes are grief symptoms, depressive symptoms, and eudemonic well-being. Secondary outcomes are anxiety symptoms, grief coping strategies, aspects related to self-identity reorganization, and program satisfaction. LIVIA 2.0 participants will additionally undergo a weekly mood and grief symptom monitoring, allowing us to explore the short-term efficacy of the sessions. Results The creation and development of the content of LIVIA 2.0 was completed during the first phase of the project. Participant recruitment will begin in May 2022 and will last until January 2023. Conclusions This study will emphasize the relevance of the innovations included in LIVIA 2.0 regarding the efficacy and dropout rate of IBIs for grief symptoms and will allow investigations on how these changes impact the demand for guidance. In the current postpandemic times, developing and assessing IBIs targeting grief symptoms are particularly critical given the rise in grief-related symptoms. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT05219760; https://tinyurl.com/3dzztjts International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/39026
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Debrot
- Cognitive and Affective Regulation Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Kheyar
- Cognitive and Affective Regulation Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Efinger
- Cognitive and Affective Regulation Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Berthoud
- Cognitive and Affective Regulation Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentino Pomini
- Cognitive and Affective Regulation Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Javier-Aliaga DJ, Quispe G, Quinteros-Zuñiga D, Adriano-Rengifo CE, White M. Hope and Resilience Related to Fear of COVID-19 in Young People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5004. [PMID: 35564398 PMCID: PMC9103683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the face of the psychological crisis of fear caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is relevant to know the positive impact of hope and resilience during this context. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between hope and resilience with fear of COVID-19 in young people. The design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational. The sample consisted of 192 young people living in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. We used the Hope-Despair Questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, and the COVID-19 Fear Questionnaire. The results show that there is a significant correlation between hope, resilience, and fear of COVID-19 in young people. On the other hand, a significant difference was found in resilience according to gender. Likewise, it was found that the variables hope and resilience explain 81% (R2 adjusted) of the fear of COVID-19 (F test = 21.53; p < 0.01). Hope and resilience are protective factors that have a positive impact when facing the fear of COVID-19. Thus, policies, programs, and public health strategies related to positive mental health should be promoted, with emphasis on hope and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Javier-Aliaga
- Center for Advanced Research in Neurosciences (CIAN), Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima 15464, Peru
| | - Gluder Quispe
- Rectory, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima 15464, Peru;
| | - Dámaris Quinteros-Zuñiga
- Professional School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Tarapoto 22201, Peru;
| | | | - Michael White
- Professional School of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences and Education, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima 15464, Peru;
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72
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Raynor K, Panza L, Bentley R. Impact of COVID-19 shocks, precarity and mediating resources on the mental health of residents of share housing in Victoria, Australia: an analysis of data from a two-wave survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058580. [PMID: 35418435 PMCID: PMC9013788 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 lockdown measures have challenged people's mental health, especially among economically vulnerable households. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of exposure to COVID-19 shocks (defined as job loss, living cost pressures and changing housing conditions throughout the lockdown period) and double precarity (defined as precarity in housing and employment) on mental health outcomes for members of share households as well as the mediating effects of a range of resources. DESIGN We conducted a two-wave survey of occupants of share housing in June and October 2020 during a prolonged period of population lockdown. Research design involved fixed effects ordered logit regression models to assess the mental health consequences of baseline precarity and COVID-related shocks. SETTING Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS We surveyed 293 occupants of share houses (mean age 34 SD 11.5, 56% female). Members of share houses (where individuals are unrelated adults and not in a romantic relationship) are more likely to be young, casually employed, visa-holders and low-income. OUTCOME MEASURES We measured household composition, housing and employment precarity, access to government support, household crowding, social networks and COVID-19 shocks. We used a self-reported measure of mental health. RESULTS Those exposed to COVID-19 shocks reported a 2.7 times higher odds of mental health deterioration (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.53 to 4.85). People exposed to double precarity (precarity in both housing and employment) reported 2.4 times higher odds of mental health deterioration (OR 2.4, 95% CI 0.99 to 5.69). Housing inadequacy and lack of access to sufficient government payments explained 14.7% and 7% of the total effect of double precarity on mental health, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that residents of group households characterised by pre-existing precarity were vulnerable to negative mental health effects during lockdown. Access to sufficient government payments and adequate housing buffered this negative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Raynor
- Faculty of Architecture Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Panza
- Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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73
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Obradovic A, Nicholson J. Perspective: Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Family-Focused Practice With Parents With Mental Illness and Their Families. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:806550. [PMID: 35479486 PMCID: PMC9035545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.806550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this perspective piece is to suggest challenges to family-focused practice with parents with mental illness and their children that have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss implications for practice, policy, and research that will benefit from rigorous study in the future, as we sift through lessons learned. The impact of the pandemic on the mental health and well-being of people around the world has been documented. Common adaptations in service delivery have included a shift to telehealth and digital tools. The pandemic has posed challenges to practice across the EASE Framework components for family-focused practice (i.e., Engage, Assess, Support, and Educate) for both parents/families and practitioners. Governmental policy and funding responses will be critical to addressing the impact of stresses, disruptions and losses endured during the past months. Pandemic experiences and consequences have implications for research measures, methods, and outcomes, given the dramatic changes in people's lives and the contexts in which they live. The shift to research implementation in virtual environments has resulted in challenges in maintaining confidentiality, and the privacy and security of data. As we move forward, it will be important to acknowledge the remaining uncertainty about the future and accommodate the profound changes in family life, professional practice, and research implementation related to the pandemic in our efforts to demonstrate the effectiveness of positive lessons learned while developing new approaches for dealing with the negative consequences of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Nicholson
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Behavioral Health, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
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74
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Jaworski BK, Taylor K, Ramsey KM, Heinz AJ, Steinmetz S, Owen JE, Tsai J, Pietrzak RH. Predicting Uptake of the COVID Coach App Among US Military Veterans: Funnel Analysis Using a Probability-Based Panel. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e36217. [PMID: 35245204 PMCID: PMC8985691 DOI: 10.2196/36217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the COVID-19 pandemic has not led to a uniform increase of mental health concerns among older adults, there is evidence to suggest that some older veterans did experience an exacerbation of preexisting mental health conditions, and that mental health difficulties were associated with a lack of social support and increasing numbers of pandemic-related stressors. Mobile mental health apps are scalable, may be a helpful resource for managing stress during the pandemic and beyond, and could potentially provide services that are not accessible due to the pandemic. However, overall comfort with mobile devices and factors influencing the uptake and usage of mobile apps during the pandemic among older veterans are not well known. COVID Coach is a free, evidence-informed mobile app designed for pandemic-related stress. Public usage data have been evaluated; however, the uptake and usage of the app among older veterans have not been explored. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize smartphone ownership rates among US veterans, identify veteran characteristics associated with downloading and use of COVID Coach, and characterize key content usage within the app. METHODS Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS), which surveyed a nationally representative, prospective cohort of 3078 US military veterans before and 1 year into the pandemic. The NHRVS sample was drawn from KnowledgePanel, a research panel of more than 50,000 households maintained by Ipsos, Inc. The median time to complete the survey was nearly 32 minutes. The research version of COVID Coach was offered to all veterans who completed the peripandemic follow-up assessment on a mobile device (n=814; weighted 34.2% of total sample). App usage data from all respondents who downloaded the app (n=34; weighted 3.3% of the mobile completers sample) were collected between November 14, 2020, and November 7, 2021. RESULTS We found that most US veterans (81.5%) own smartphones, and that veterans with higher education, greater number of adverse childhood experiences, higher extraversion, and greater severity of pandemic-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were more likely to download COVID Coach. Although uptake and usage of COVID Coach were relatively low (3.3% of eligible participants, n=34), 50% of the participants returned to the app for more than 1 day of use. The interactive tools for managing stress were used most frequently. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for and creation of digital mental health tools. However, these resources may require tailoring for older veteran populations. Future research is needed to better understand how to optimize digital mental health tools such as apps to ensure uptake and usage among older adults, particularly those who have experienced traumas across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth K Jaworski
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Dissemination & Training Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Taylor
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Dissemination & Training Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Kelly M Ramsey
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Dissemination & Training Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Adrienne J Heinz
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Dissemination & Training Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Steinmetz
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Dissemination & Training Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Jason E Owen
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Dissemination & Training Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Jack Tsai
- National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL, United States.,School of Public Health, San Antonio Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Laporte N, van den Bogaard D, Brenning K, Soenens B, Vansteenkiste M. Testing an Online Program to Foster Need Crafting During the COVID-19 Pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 43:1-18. [PMID: 35370386 PMCID: PMC8958806 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a threat not only to individuals' physical health but also to their mental health. Self-Determination Theory assumes that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence promotes psychological well-being during destabilizing times. Yet, the pandemic seriously hampered individuals' opportunities to satisfy their needs. The current study provides a preliminary test of the effectiveness of a 7-session online program, LifeCraft, that promotes individuals' proactive attempts to uplift their need-based experiences (i.e., need crafting). Next to the effects on individuals' need crafting skills, we examined program-effects on adults' need-based experiences and mental health and we explored the role of participants' program engagement. An experimental study among 725 Belgian adults [M age = 51.67 (range = 26 - 85); 68.55% female] was conducted, with an experimental condition of 252 and a control condition of 473 participants. At the level of the entire sample, there was limited evidence for the effectiveness of the program. There were only small immediate program-effects on need crafting and well-being. After taking into account the role of program engagement, findings showed that the program was more beneficial for participants who actively participated, with these participants reporting immediate and stable increases in need crafting, need satisfaction and well-being and decreases in need frustration. Further, changes in need crafting fully mediated changes in need-based experiences and well-being. To conclude, the findings provide initial evidence for the effectiveness of LifeCraft during the COVID-19 pandemic, with active participation being a prerequisite for the program to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Laporte
- Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bart Soenens
- Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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76
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Stress, PTSD, and COVID-19: the Utility of Disaster Mental Health Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN PSYCHIATRY 2022; 9:14-40. [PMID: 35223372 PMCID: PMC8860255 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-021-00253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review In the context of an ongoing, highly uncertain pandemic, disaster mental health measures can increase community capacity for resilience and well-being, support formal mental health treatment, and help address the risk for mental health reactions in high-stress occupations. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on disaster mental health interventions that have been helpful both prior to and during the pandemic in a broad range of applications, including for use with high-stress occupations in an effort to mitigate risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health sequelae. Recent findings Evidence-based and evidence-informed disaster mental health interventions, frameworks, and treatments have been studied in pilot studies, non-randomized trials, and randomized clinical trials prior to and in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The studies have demonstrated feasibility and acceptability of these modalities and improved perceived support, as well as significant reductions in distress, and mental health symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Summary A disaster mental health approach to the COVID-19 pandemic can generate opportunities for prevention and support at multiple levels with timely interventions tailored for different concerns, cultures, and available resources.
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Shah I, Doshi C, Patel M, Tanwar S, Hong WC, Sharma R. A Comprehensive Review of the Technological Solutions to Analyse the Effects of Pandemic Outbreak on Human Lives. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:311. [PMID: 35208634 PMCID: PMC8879197 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A coronavirus outbreak caused by a novel virus known as SARS-CoV-2 originated towards the latter half of 2019. COVID-19's abrupt emergence and unchecked global expansion highlight the inability of the current healthcare services to respond to public health emergencies promptly. This paper reviews the different aspects of human life comprehensively affected by COVID-19. It then discusses various tools and technologies from the leading domains and their integration into people's lives to overcome issues resulting from pandemics. This paper further focuses on providing a detailed review of existing and probable Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Blockchain-based solutions. The COVID-19 pandemic brings several challenges from the viewpoint of the nation's healthcare, security, privacy, and economy. AI offers different predictive services and intelligent strategies for detecting coronavirus signs, promoting drug development, remote healthcare, classifying fake news detection, and security attacks. The incorporation of AI in the COVID-19 outbreak brings robust and reliable solutions to enhance the healthcare systems, increases user's life expectancy, and boosts the nation's economy. Furthermore, AR/VR helps in distance learning, factory automation, and setting up an environment of work from home. Blockchain helps in protecting consumer's privacy, and securing the medical supply chain operations. IoT is helpful in remote patient monitoring, distant sanitising via drones, managing social distancing (using IoT cameras), and many more in combating the pandemic. This study covers an up-to-date analysis on the use of blockchain technology, AI, AR/VR, and IoT for combating COVID-19 pandemic considering various applications. These technologies provide new emerging initiatives and use cases to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we discuss challenges and potential research paths that will promote further research into future pandemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwa Shah
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (I.S.); (C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Chelsy Doshi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (I.S.); (C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Mohil Patel
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (I.S.); (C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sudeep Tanwar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (I.S.); (C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Wei-Chiang Hong
- Department of Information Management, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei 22064, Taiwan
| | - Ravi Sharma
- Centre for Inter-Disciplinary Research and Innovation, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, P.O. Bidholi Via-Prem Nagar, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
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Purvis RS, Moore RA, Ayers BL, Felix HC, Riklon S, Andersen JA, Hudson JS, O'Connor G, Kelen M, Heely-Rolston LAN, Shields X, McElfish PA. Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors and Barriers to Clinical Care During COVID-19 Pandemic for Marshallese Adults. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2022; 48:35-43. [PMID: 35023402 PMCID: PMC9082400 DOI: 10.1177/26350106211065390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to explore experiences of Marshallese adults related to diabetes self-care behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A qualitative descriptive design was utilized to understand participants' diabetes self-care behaviors during the pandemic. Nine focus groups with 53 participants were held via videoconference and conducted in English, Marshallese, or a mixture of both languages. A priori codes based on diabetes self-care behaviors provided a framework for analyzing and summarizing participant experiences. RESULTS Both increases and decreases in healthy eating and exercise were described, with improvements in health behaviors attributed to health education messaging via social media. Participants reported increased stress and difficulty monitoring and managing glucose. Difficulty obtaining medication and difficulty seeing their health care provider regularly was reported and attributed to health care provider availability and lack of insurance due to job loss. CONCLUSIONS The study provides significant insight into the reach of health education campaigns via social media and provides important information about the reasons for delays in care, which extend beyond fear of contracting COVID-19 to structural issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Purvis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Ramey A Moore
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Britni L Ayers
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Holly C Felix
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sheldon Riklon
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jennifer A Andersen
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jonell S Hudson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Gail O'Connor
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Meetu Kelen
- West Hawaii Community Health Center, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii
| | | | - Xochitl Shields
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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NASN Position Statement: The Behavioral Health and Wellness of Students. NASN Sch Nurse 2022; 37:103-105. [PMID: 35086374 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x211066656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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80
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Zhu Y, Fan Z, Zhao Q, Li J, Cai G, Wang R, Liang Y, Lu N, Kang J, Luo D, Tao H, Li Y, Huang J, Wu S. Brain-Type Glycogen Phosphorylase Is Crucial for Astrocytic Glycogen Accumulation in Chronic Social Defeat Stress-Induced Depression in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:819440. [PMID: 35140588 PMCID: PMC8820374 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.819440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic glycogen plays an important role in brain energy metabolism. However, the contribution of glycogen metabolism to stress-induced depression remains unclear. Chronic social defeat stress was used to induce depression-like behaviors in mice, assessed with behavioral tests. Glycogen concentration in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the expression of key enzymes of the glycogen metabolism were investigated using Western blots, immunofluorescent staining, electron microscopy, and biochemical assays. Stereotaxic surgery and viral-mediated gene transfer were applied to knockdown or overexpress brain-type glycogen phosphorylase (PYGB) in the mPFC. The glycogen content increased in the mPFC after stress. Glycogenolytic dysfunction due to inactivation of PYGB was responsible for glycogen accumulation. Behavioral tests on astrocyte-specific PYGB overexpression mice showed that augmenting astrocytic PYGB reduces susceptibility to depression when compared with stress-susceptible mice. Conversely, PYGB genetic down-regulation in the mPFC was sufficient to induce glycogen accumulation and depression-like behaviors. Furthermore, PYGB overexpression in the mPFC decreases susceptibility to depression, at least partially by rescuing glycogen phosphorylase activity to maintain glycogen metabolism homeostasis during stress. These findings indicate that (1) glycogen accumulation occurs in mice following stress and (2) glycogenolysis reprogramming leads to glycogen accumulation in astrocytes and PYGB contributes to stress-induced depression-like behaviors. Pharmacological tools acting on glycogenolysis might constitute a promising therapy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ze Fan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiuying Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guohong Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Naining Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Danlei Luo
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huiren Tao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li,
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Jing Huang,
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shengxi Wu,
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Medium-term and peri-lockdown course of psychosocial burden during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study on patients with pre-existing mental disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:757-771. [PMID: 34825249 PMCID: PMC8614217 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic continues, patients with pre-existing mental disorders are increasingly recognized as a risk group for adverse outcomes. However, data are conflicting and cover only short time spans so far. Here, we investigate the medium-term and peri-lockdown-related changes of mental health outcomes in such patients in a longitudinal study. A cohort of 159 patients comprising all major mental disorders (ICD-10 F0-F9) were interviewed twice with the Goettingen psychosocial Burden and Symptom Inventory (Goe-BSI) to evaluate psychosocial burden, psychiatric symptoms and resilience at the end of the first (April/May 2020) and the second lockdown in Germany (November/December 2020). For the primary outcome "psychosocial burden" ratings also comprised retrospective pre-pandemic (early 2020) and very early states during the pandemic (March 2020). For all diagnostic groups, psychosocial burden varied significantly over time (p < 0.001) with an increase from the pre-pandemic to the initial phase (p < 0.001), followed by a steady decrease across both lockdowns, normalizing in November/December 2020. Female gender, high adjustment disorder symptom load at baseline and psychiatric comorbidities were risk factors for higher levels and an unfavorable course of psychosocial burden. Most psychiatric symptoms changed minimally, while resilience decreased over time (p = 0.044 and p = 0.037). The longitudinal course of psychosocial burden indicates an initial stress response, followed by a return to pre-pandemic levels even under recurrent lockdown conditions, mimicking symptoms of an adjustment disorder. Strategies for proactive, specific and continuous treatment have to address resilience capacities before their depletion in the pandemic aftermath, especially for patients with additional risk factors.
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82
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Chen LZ, Holmes AJ, Zuo XN, Dong Q. Neuroimaging brain growth charts: A road to mental health. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:272-286. [PMID: 35028568 PMCID: PMC8739332 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders are common health concerns and contribute to a heavy global burden on our modern society. It is challenging to identify and treat them timely. Neuroimaging evidence suggests the incidence of various psychiatric and behavioral disorders is closely related to the atypical development of brain structure and function. The identification and understanding of atypical brain development provide chances for clinicians to detect mental disorders earlier, perhaps even prior to onset, and treat them more precisely. An invaluable and necessary method in identifying and monitoring atypical brain development are growth charts of typically developing individuals in the population. The brain growth charts can offer a series of standard references on typical neurodevelopment, representing an important resource for the scientific and medical communities. In the present paper, we review the relationship between mental disorders and atypical brain development from a perspective of normative brain development by surveying the recent progress in the development of brain growth charts, including four aspects on growth chart utility: 1) cohorts, 2) measures, 3) mechanisms, and 4) clinical translations. In doing so, we seek to clarify the challenges and opportunities in charting brain growth, and to promote the application of brain growth charts in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing 100190, China
- Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center, International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Research Center for Lifespan Development of Mind and Brain, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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83
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Williams TS, Deotto A, Roberts SD, Ford MK, Désiré N, Cunningham S. COVID-19 mental health impact among children with early brain injury and associated conditions. Child Neuropsychol 2021; 28:627-648. [PMID: 34779687 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2021.1998407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the impact of COVID-19 among a clinical research sample of children with early brain injury and associated conditions. Between March 2020 and March 2021, 64 children and their parents participated. Children ranged in age between 3 and 14 years (M = 6 years, 3 months; SD = 2 years, 4 months) with a range of diagnoses (i.e., neonatal stroke, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), congenital heart disease (CHD) and preterm birth (<32 weeks)). The abbreviated CoRonavIrus Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) was completed by parents as part of their child's routine intake for neuropsychological services. Questions included COVID-19 specific ratings of child mental health impact, child, and parent stressors, with open-ended questions regarding negative and positive COVID-19 related changes. Over 40% of parents described moderate to extreme influence of COVID-19 on their child's mental health. Common child stressors reported included restrictions on leaving the home and social isolation. Among parents, the most common stress reported was caring for their child's education and daily activities. Children's mental health impact was associated with social isolation, parent mental health, COVID-19 economic concern, and number of siblings in the home. Child's age, sex, brain injury severity, or intellectual functioning were not associated with reported COVID-19 mental health impact. Some COVID-19 positives were identified, namely increased quality family time. Findings reflect the significant pandemic mental health impact among neurologically at-risk children and their families. Implications to future clinical needs and considerations for neuropsychological practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia S Williams
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Psychiatry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Deotto
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha D Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan K Ford
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naddley Désiré
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Cunningham
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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84
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Gonzalez A, Afifi TO, Tonmyr L. Completing the picture: a proposed framework for child maltreatment surveillance and research in Canada. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2021; 41:392-397. [PMID: 34569775 PMCID: PMC8639173 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.41.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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85
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Purcell N, Sells J, McGrath S, Mehlman H, Bertenthal D, Seal KH. “Then COVID happened…”: Veterans’ Health, Wellbeing, and Engagement in Whole Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:21649561211053828. [PMID: 35174002 PMCID: PMC8842446 DOI: 10.1177/21649561211053828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on US military veterans’ health, wellbeing, and care engagement. Healthcare systems like VA need additional information about the pandemic’s biopsychosocial impacts and how a Whole Health approach may help to address them. Objective To examine how the pandemic has affected veterans’ health, wellbeing, and engagement in the VA Whole Health System of Care. Method We conducted qualitative interviews with 40 veterans at a large multicampus VA healthcare system during the pandemic. Informed by a Whole Health approach, interviews used open-ended questions to holistically explore pandemic impacts on mental and physical health, healthcare access and engagement, social support, coping strategies, and use of VA healthcare and wellness services. Interviews were conducted by telephone, audio-recorded, and analyzed using a matrix-based technique. Interviews were supplemented by an original survey assessing pandemic impacts; descriptive frequencies were calculated to describe and characterize the interviewed sample. Interview Results Nearly, all participating veterans described significant pandemic impacts on their wellbeing, especially loneliness and sorrow stemming from isolation and disruptions to ordinary routines. These emotional impacts—sometimes combined with new constraints on care access and personal mobility—disrupted veterans’ health plans and sometimes deterred engagement in both routine and wellness care. Veterans already struggling with chronic mental and physical health conditions and those who experienced transitions or losses during the pandemic described the most severe impacts on their wellbeing. Virtual VA wellness services, especially health coaching and mind-body wellness groups, were a key source of support and connection for those who engaged in them. Conclusion We discuss the implications of our findings for care systems attempting to implement a Whole Health System of Care, including how they can address postpandemic barriers to engagement in healthcare and wellness programs, and how wellness programs can be leveraged to support those most at risk after the COVID-19 pandemic and in future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Purcell
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Sells
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah McGrath
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haley Mehlman
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Karen H Seal
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, USA
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86
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Pandey K, Thurman M, Johnson SD, Acharya A, Johnston M, Klug EA, Olwenyi OA, Rajaiah R, Byrareddy SN. Mental Health Issues During and After COVID-19 Vaccine Era. Brain Res Bull 2021; 176:161-173. [PMID: 34487856 PMCID: PMC8414813 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has persisted for more than a year, and post-COVID-19 sequelae of neurological complications, including direct and indirect effects on the central nervous system (CNS), have been recognized. There is a plethora of evidence for neurological, cognitive, and emotional deficits in COVID-19 patients. Acute neurological symptoms like neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment, loss of smell, and brain stroke are common direct effects among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Work-associated stress, lockdowns, social distancing, and quarantine in response to contain SARS-CoV-2 have also affected the mental health of large populations, regardless of age. Public health emergencies have affected individuals and communities, resulting in emotional reactions and unhealthy behaviors. Although vaccines have been widely distributed and administered among large populations, vaccine hesitancy still exists and may be due to apprehension about vaccine efficacy, preliminary trials, and associated side effects. This review highlights the impact of COVID-19 on the CNS by outlining direct and indirect effects and factors contributing to the decline in people's mental health throughout the COVID-19 pandemic both during and after vaccine administration. Furthermore, we also discuss reasons for vaccine hesitancy and why some groups of people are deprived of vaccines. Finally, we touched upon the social determinants of mental health and their impact on disadvantaged populations during times of crisis which may help policymakers set up some action plans to mitigate the COVID-19 mental health turmoil during this ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Samuel D Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Morgan Johnston
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Klug
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Omalla A Olwenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rajesh Rajaiah
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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87
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Gega L, Aboujaoude E. How Digital Technology Mediated the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: The Good, the Bad, and the Indifferent. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:733151. [PMID: 34713202 PMCID: PMC8521901 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.733151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gega
- Department of Health Sciences & Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Aboujaoude
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Boden M, Cohen N, Froelich JM, Hoggatt KJ, Abdel Magid HS, Mushiana SS. Author reply. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021; 72:142. [PMID: 34215434 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Boden
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America.
| | - Nichole Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Fraser Hall, Rm. 426, Lawrence, KS 66045-7556, United States of America.
| | - Jessilyn M Froelich
- National Center for PTSD, Dissemination & Training Division, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America.
| | - Katherine J Hoggatt
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St., 111A1, San Francisco, CA 94121.
| | - Hoda S Abdel Magid
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, 150 Governor's Lane (T-258), Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America.
| | - Swapandeep S Mushiana
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, Cowell 210, San Francisco, CA 94117, United States of America.
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Panzeri A, Bertamini M, Butter S, Levita L, Gibson-Miller J, Vidotto G, Bentall RP, Bennett KM. Factors impacting resilience as a result of exposure to COVID-19: The ecological resilience model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256041. [PMID: 34407127 PMCID: PMC8372944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the severe psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, some individuals do not develop high levels of psychological distress and can be termed resilient. Using the ecological resilience model, we examined factors promoting or hindering resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 1034 participants (49.9±16.2 years; females 51.2%) from Italian general population, 70% displayed resilient outcomes and 30% reported moderate-severe anxiety and/or depression. A binary regression model revealed that factors promoting resilience were mostly psychological (e.g., trait resilience, conscientiousness) together with social distancing. Conversely, factors hindering resilience included COVID-19-anxiety, COVID-19-related PTSD symptoms, intolerance of uncertainty, loneliness, living with children, higher education, and living in regions where the virus was starting to spread. In conclusion, the ecological resilience model in the COVID-19 pandemic explained 64% of the variance and identified factors promoting or hindering resilient outcomes. Critically, these findings can inform psychological interventions supporting individuals by strengthening factors associated with resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Panzeri
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bertamini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Giulio Vidotto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Kate Mary Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Sekowski M, Gambin M, Hansen K, Holas P, Hyniewska S, Wyszomirska J, Pluta A, Sobańska M, Łojek E. Risk of Developing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Severe COVID-19 Survivors, Their Families and Frontline Healthcare Workers: What Should Mental Health Specialists Prepare For? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:562899. [PMID: 34163377 PMCID: PMC8215154 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.562899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high mortality of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), having severe COVID-19 may be a life-threatening event, especially for individuals at high risk of complications. Therefore, in the article we try to answer two questions that are relevant to public mental health: Can we define groups who are at higher risk of developing pandemic-related PTSD? How can health specialists prepare for it? Given the results of previous research on PTSD in epidemic (e.g., SARS) survivors, we suggest that mental health professionals in countries touched by the pandemic should prepare for an increase in the PTSD prevalence, specifically in: individuals who have had severe COVID-19; family members of these patients and of patients who have died; and frontline healthcare workers witnessing COVID-19 patients' sudden deaths, or numerous life-threatening situations. We postulate that these groups at risk should be routinely screened for PTSD in primary medical and pediatric care. Mental health services should prepare for providing therapeutic interventions for individuals with PTSD in the vulnerable groups, and support to their families, especially children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sekowski
- Department of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Paweł Holas
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Hyniewska
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Wyszomirska
- Department of Psychology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Marta Sobańska
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Łojek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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91
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Benlidayi IC. A BETTER FUTURE WOULD BE POSSIBLE THROUGH VACCINATION WORLDWIDE. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS 2021. [DOI: 10.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A BETTER FUTURE WOULD BE POSSIBLE THROUGH VACCINATION WORLDWIDE
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