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Anake WU, Nnamani EA. Levels and health risk assessments of Phthalate acid esters in indoor dust of some microenvironments within Ikeja and Ota, Nigeria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11209. [PMID: 37433814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels, profiles of Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and their associated health risk in children and adults using indoor dust samples were assessed from nine (9) microenvironments in Nigeria. Six PAEs congeners were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and the human health risk assessments of PAEs exposure to children and adults were computed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) exposure model. The mean concentrations of the total PAEs (Σ6PAEs) in indoor dust across the study locations ranged from 1.61 ± 0.12 to 53.3 ± 5.27 μg/g with 72.0% of di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) as the most predominant contributor of PAEs in sample locations B, C, D, E, F and G. PAEs estimated daily intake results exceeded the USEPA value of 20 and 50 kg/bw/day for children and adults respectively in some locations. Non-carcinogenic risk exposure indicated no risk (HI < 1), while the carcinogenic risk was within the recommended threshold of 1.00 × 10-4 to 1.00 × 10-6 for benzyl butyl phthalate and bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. From our findings, lower levels of PAEs were observed in locations with good ventilation system. Also, the human health risk evaluation indicated indoor dust ingestion as the dominant exposure route of PAEs for both children and adults, while the children were at a higher risk of PAEs exposure. To protect children susceptible to these endocrine-disrupting pollutants, soft vinyl children's toys and teething rings should be avoided. Appropriate policies and procedures on the reduction of PAEs exposure to humans should be enacted by all stakeholders, including government regulatory agencies, industries, school administrators and the entire community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred U Anake
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M. B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Esther A Nnamani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M. B 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Milanović M, Milošević N, Milić N, Stojanoska MM, Petri E, Filipović JM. Food contaminants and potential risk of diabetes development: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:705-723. [PMID: 37383596 PMCID: PMC10294057 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with diabetes continues to increase, especially among younger populations. Apart from genetic predisposition and lifestyle, there is increasing scientific and public concern that environmental agents may also contribute to diabetes. Food contamination by chemical substances that originate from packaging materials, or are the result of chemical reactions during food processing, is generally recognized as a worldwide problem with potential health hazards. Phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA) and acrylamide (AA) have been the focus of attention in recent years, due to the numerous adverse health effects associated with their exposure. This paper summarizes the available data about the association between phthalates, BPA and AA exposure and diabetes. Although their mechanism of action has not been fully clarified, in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies have made significant progress toward identifying the potential roles of phthalates, BPA and AA in diabetes development and progression. These chemicals interfere with multiple signaling pathways involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis and can aggravate the symptoms of diabetes. Especially concerning are the effects of exposure during early stages and the gestational period. Well-designed prospective studies are needed in order to better establish prevention strategies against the harmful effects of these food contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Milanović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Milošević
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Milić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Milica Medić Stojanoska
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Edward Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marković Filipović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
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Shih PC, Chen HP, Hsu CC, Lin CH, Ko CY, Hsueh CW, Huang CY, Chu TH, Wu CC, Ho YC, Nguyen NUN, Huang SC, Fang CC, Tzou SJ, Wu YJ, Chen TY, Chang CF, Lee YK. Long-term DEHP/MEHP exposure promotes colorectal cancer stemness associated with glycosylation alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121476. [PMID: 36997141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers are considered as environmental pollution released from medical devices and increased potential oncogenic risks in clinical therapy. Our previous studies have shown that long-term exposure to di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)/mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) promotes chemotherapeutic drug resistance in colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated the alteration of glycosylation in colorectal cancer following long-term plasticizers exposure. First, we determined the profiles of cell surface N-glycomes by using mass spectrometry and found out the alterations of α2,8-linkages glycans. Next, we analyzed the correlation between serum DEHP/MEHP levels and ST8SIA6 expression from matched tissues in total 110 colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, clinical specimens and TCGA database were used to analyze the expression of ST8SIA6 in advanced stage of cancer. Finally, we showed that ST8SIA6 regulated stemness in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed long-term DEHP/MEHP exposure significantly caused cancer patients with poorer survival outcome and attenuated the expression of ST8SIA6 in cancer cells and tissue samples. As expected, silencing of ST8SIA6 promoted cancer stemness and tumorigenicity by upregulating stemness-associated proteins. In addition, the cell viability assay showed enhanced drug resistance in ST8SIA6 silencing cells treated with irinotecan. Besides, ST8SIA6 was downregulated in the advanced stage and positively correlated with tumor recurrence in colorectal cancer. Our results imply that ST8SIA6 potentially plays an important role in oncogenic effects with long-term phthalates exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Shih
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| | - Chung-Hsien Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Yuan Ko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Hsueh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| | - Shih-Chung Huang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan; Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | | | - Shiow-Jyu Tzou
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan; Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Jung Wu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lee
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan.
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Keshava C, Nicolai S, Vulimiri SV, Cruz FA, Ghoreishi N, Knueppel S, Lenzner A, Tarnow P, Vanselow JT, Schulz B, Persad A, Baker N, Thayer KA, Williams AJ, Pirow R. Application of systematic evidence mapping to identify available data on the potential human health hazards of selected market-relevant azo dyes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 176:107952. [PMID: 37224677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azo dyes are used in textiles and leather clothing. Human exposure can occur from wearing textiles containing azo dyes. Since the body's enzymes and microbiome can cleave azo dyes, potentially resulting in mutagenic or carcinogenic metabolites, there is also an indirect health concern on the parent compounds. While several hazardous azo dyes are banned, many more are still in use that have not been evaluated systematically for potential health concerns. This systematic evidence map (SEM) aims to compile and categorize the available toxicological evidence on the potential human health risks of a set of 30 market-relevant azo dyes. METHODS Peer-reviewed and gray literature was searched and over 20,000 studies were identified. These were filtered using Sciome Workbench for Interactive computer-Facilitated Text-mining (SWIFT) Review software with evidence stream tags (human, animal, in vitro) yielding 12,800 unique records. SWIFT Active (a machine-learning software) further facilitated title/abstract screening. DistillerSR software was used for additional title/abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction. RESULTS 187 studies were identified that met populations, exposures, comparators, and outcomes (PECO) criteria. From this pool, 54 human, 78 animal, and 61 genotoxicity studies were extracted into a literature inventory. Toxicological evidence was abundant for three azo dyes (also used as food additives) and sparse for five of the remaining 27 compounds. Complementary search in ECHA's REACH database for summaries of unpublished study reports revealed evidence for all 30 dyes. The question arose of how this information can be fed into an SEM process. Proper identification of prioritized dyes from various databases (including U.S. EPA's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard) turned out to be a challenge. Evidence compiled by this SEM project can be evaluated for subsequent use in problem formulation efforts to inform potential regulatory needs and prepare for a more efficient and targeted evaluation in the future for human health assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channa Keshava
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Chemical Pollutant Assessment Division (CPAD), 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Suna Nicolai
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Suryanarayana V Vulimiri
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Chemical Pollutant Assessment Division (CPAD), 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Florenz A Cruz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Narges Ghoreishi
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Exposure, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Knueppel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ariane Lenzner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Patrick Tarnow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens T Vanselow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Brittany Schulz
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Environmental Protection Agency National Student Services Contract (EPA NSSC), 100 ORAU Way, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Amanda Persad
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Chemical Pollutant Assessment Division (CPAD), 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Nancy Baker
- Leidos, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Kristina A Thayer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Chemical Pollutant Assessment Division (CPAD), 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Antony J Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Ralph Pirow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Lin J, Cheng S, Zhang J, Zhao L, Yuan S, Zhang L, Yin Y. Racial differences in the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with depression risk. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115670. [PMID: 36907347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the composite effects of different kinds of phthalates on depression risk in the U.S population. METHODS 11731 participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a national cross-sectional survey. Twelve urinary phthalate metabolites were used to evaluate the level of phthalates exposure. Phthalates levels were devided into four quartiles. High phthalate was defined as having values in the highest quartile. RESULTS Urinary mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) were estimated as the independent risk factors for depression by mutivariate logistic regression analyses. Compared with the lowest quartile group of MiBP or MBzP, an incrementally higher risk of depression and moderate/severe depression was observed in the highest quartile (all Ptrend <0.05). It was observed that incrementally higher risk of depression and moderate/severe depression were associated with more numbers of high phthalates parameter (Ptrend <0.001 and Ptrend = 0.003, respectively). A significant interaction between race (Non-Hispanic Black vs. Mexican American) and 2 parameters (having value in the highest quartile of both MiBP and MBzP) was detected for depression (Pinteraction = 0.023) and moderate/severe depression (Pinteraction = 0.029). CONCLUSION Individuals with more numbers of high phthalates parameter were at higher risk of depression and moderate/severe depression. Non-Hispanic Black participants were more likely to be affected by high levels of MiBP and MBzP exposure than Mexican American participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liebin Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP), Shanghai, China; Pediatric AI Clinical Application and Research Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
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Chang CW, Hsu JY, Su YH, Chen YC, Hsiao PZ, Liao PC. Monitoring long-term chemical exposome by characterizing the hair metabolome using a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based suspect screening approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138864. [PMID: 37156292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hair has recently emerged as a biospecimen for characterizing the long-term chemical exposome in biomonitoring investigations spanning several months, as chemical compounds circulating in the bloodstream accumulate in hair. Although there has been interest in using human hair as a biospecimen for exposome studies, it has yet to be widely adopted compared to blood and urine. Here, we applied a high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based suspect screening strategy to characterize the long-term chemical exposome in human hair. Hair samples were collected from 70 subjects and cut into 3 cm segments, which were then mixed to prepare pooled samples. The pooled hair samples underwent a sample preparation procedure, and the hair extracts were further analyzed using an HRMS-based suspect screening approach. An in-house chemical suspect list containing 1227 chemical entries from National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (Report) published by the U.S. CDC and the Exposome-Explorer 3.0 database developed by the WHO was subsequently used to screen and filter the suspect features against the HRMS dataset. Overall, we matched 587 suspect features in the HRMS dataset to 246 unique chemical formulas in the suspect list, and the structures of 167 chemicals were further identified through a fragmentation analysis. Among these, chemicals such as mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, methyl paraben, and 1-naphthol, which have been detected in the urine or blood for exposure assessment, were also identified in human hair. This suggests that hair reflects the accumulation of environmental compounds to which an individual is exposed. Exposure to exogenous chemicals may exert adverse effects on cognitive function, and we discovered 15 chemicals in human hair that may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This finding suggests that human hair may be a promising biospecimen for monitoring long-term exposure to multiple environmental chemicals and perturbations in endogenous chemicals in biomonitoring investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yi Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Su
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, 60002, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Zu Hsiao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Henriksen LS, Frederiksen H, Jørgensen N, Juul A, Skakkebæk NE, Toppari J, Petersen JH, Main KM. Maternal phthalate exposure during pregnancy and testis function of young adult sons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161914. [PMID: 36736395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate exposure during fetal life may disrupt testicular development. Congruent with this, studies have found shorter anogenital distance, reduced penile size and altered hormone levels in infant boys whose mothers were exposed to higher levels of some phthalates during pregnancy. Few studies have explored if such adverse effects persist in adulthood. Thus, we aimed to explore if there is an association between fetal phthalate exposure and markers of testicular function in young adult men. METHODS In a longitudinal mother-child cohort from Copenhagen, Denmark, we examined 100 young men whose mothers during pregnancy had serum drawn and analyzed for 34 phthalate metabolites. Examinations of the young men took place at 18-20 years of age and included measurements of adult markers of testicular function (reproductive hormones, penile size, anogenital distance (AGD), testis volume, semen quality) and growth factors. Associations between maternal serum concentrations of phthalate metabolites and reproductive measures in the young men were tested using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Most consistently, higher maternal phthalate exposure was associated with higher luteinizing hormone (LH) but unchanged testosterone in adult sons. Congruently, higher maternal exposure was associated with lower total and free testosterone/LH ratios in adult sons. For example, twice as high maternal MiNP was associated with a 7.9 % (95 % CI 1.6-13.8) lower free testosterone/LH ratio. There was no consistent pattern of associations between the different phthalate metabolites and other reproductive hormones, clinical outcomes, or semen quality. None of the tested associations was significant after multiplicity adjustment. CONCLUSIONS In this exploratory study, higher maternal exposure to some phthalates was associated with impaired testicular Leydig cell function evidenced by a lower total and free testosterone/LH ratio in adult sons. This unique 18-20-year follow-up study raises concern and suggests that exposure of pregnant women to phthalates may have long-term effects on adult reproductive health in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Scheutz Henriksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research & Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Payne-Sturges D, De Saram S, Cory-Slechta DA. Cumulative Risk Evaluation of Phthalates Under TSCA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6403-6414. [PMID: 37043345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently conducting separate Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) risk evaluations for seven phthalates: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and diisononyl phthalate (DINP). Phthalates are highly abundant plastic additives used primarily to soften materials and make them flexible, and biomonitoring shows widespread human exposure to a mixture of phthalates. Evidence supports biological additivity of phthalate mixture exposures, including the enhancement of toxicity affecting common biological targets. Risk estimates based on individual phthalate exposure may not be protective of public health. Thus, a cumulative risk approach is warranted. While EPA initially did not signal that it would incorporate cumulative risk assessment (CRA) as part of its current risk evaluation for the seven phthalates, the agency recently announced that it is reconsidering if CRA for phthalates would be appropriate. Based on our review of existing chemical mixtures risk assessment guidance, current TSCA scoping documents for the seven phthalates, and pertinent peer-reviewed literature, we delineate a CRA approach that EPA can easily implement for phthalates. The strategy for using CRA to inform TSCA risk evaluation for existing chemicals is based upon integrative physiology and a common adverse health outcome algorithm for identifying and grouping relevant nonchemical and chemical stressors. We recommend adjustments for how hazard indices (HIs) or margins of exposure (MOEs) based on CRA are interpreted for determining "unreasonable risk" under TSCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Payne-Sturges
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 255 Valley Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sulakkhana De Saram
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 255 Valley Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box EHSC, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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Lærkeholm Müller M, Busch AS, Ljubicic ML, Upners EN, Fischer MB, Hagen CP, Albrethsen J, Frederiksen H, Juul A, Andersson AM. Urinary concentration of phthalates and bisphenol A during minipuberty is associated with reproductive hormone concentrations in infant boys. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 250:114166. [PMID: 37058994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transient postnatal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormone axis is termed minipuberty and considered an important developmental period, which is highly sensitive to endocrine disruption. Here, we explore exposure-outcome associations during minipuberty between concentrations of potentially endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in urine of infant boys and their serum reproductive hormone concentrations. METHODS In total, 36 boys participating in the COPENHAGEN Minipuberty Study had data available for both urine biomarkers of target endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive hormones in serum from samples collected on the same day. Serum concentrations of reproductive hormones were measured by immunoassays or by LC-MS/MS. Urinary concentrations of metabolites of 39 non-persisting chemicals, including phthalates and phenolic compounds, were measured by LC-MS/MS. Nineteen chemicals had concentrations above the limit of detection in ≥50% of children and were included in data analysis. Associations of urinary phthalate metabolite and phenol concentrations (in tertiles) with hormone outcomes (age- and sex-specific SD-scores) were analysed by linear regression. Primarily, we focused on the EU regulated phthalates; butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as well as bisphenol A (BPA). Urinary metabolites of DiBP, DnBP and DEHP were summed and expressed as ∑DiBPm, ∑DnBPm and ∑DEHPm. RESULTS Compared to boys in the lowest ∑DnBPm tertile, urinary concentration of ∑DnBPm was associated with concurrent higher luteinizing hormone (LH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) SD-scores as well as lower testosterone/LH ratio in boys in the middle ∑DnBPm tertile (estimates (CI 95%) 0.79 (0.04; 1.54), 0.91 (0.13; 1.68), and -0.88 (-1.58;-0.19), respectively). Further, higher insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) SD-scores and lower DHEAS SD-score in boys in the highest ∑DnBPm tertile (0.91 (0.12; 1.70) and -0.85 (-1.51;-0.18), respectively) were observed. In addition, boys in the middle and highest ∑DEHPm tertile had higher LH (1.07 (0.35; 1.79) and 0.71 (-0.01; 1.43), respectively) and in the highest ∑DEHPm tertile also higher AMH (0.85 (0.10; 1.61)) concentration SD-scores, respectively. Boys in the highest BPA tertile had significantly higher AMH and lower DHEAS concentration compared to boys in the lowest BPA tertile (1.28 (0.54; 2.02) and -0.73 (-1.45; -0.01)), respectively. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that exposure to chemicals with known or suspected endocrine disrupting potential, especially the EU-regulated DnBP, DEHP and BPA, may modify male reproductive hormone concentrations in infant boys suggesting that minipuberty is a critical window sensitive to endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Lærkeholm Müller
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Siegfried Busch
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Münster, Department of General Pediatrics, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmie N Upners
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margit B Fischer
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper P Hagen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Albrethsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Yoon J, García-Esquinas E, Kim J, Kwak JH, Kim H, Kim S, Kim KN, Hong YC, Choi YH. Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Slow Walking Speed in the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel II Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:47005. [PMID: 37018009 PMCID: PMC10075311 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that phthalate exposure may contribute to neurocognitive and neurobehavioral disorders and decreased muscle strength and bone mass, all of which may be associated with reduced physical performance. Walking speed is a reliable assessment tool for measuring physical performance in adults age 60 y and older. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and slowness of walking speed in community-dwelling adults ages 60-98 y. METHODS We analyzed 1,190 older adults [range, 60-98 y of age; mean±standard deviation (SD) , 74.81±5.99] from the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel II study and measured repeatedly up to three times between 2012 and 2014. Phthalate exposure was estimated using the following phthalate metabolites in urine samples: mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). Slowness was defined as a walking speed of <1.0meter/second. We used logistic and linear regression models to evaluate the association between each urinary phthalate metabolite and slowness or walking-speed change. We also used Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to examine overall mixture effects on walking speed. RESULTS At enrollment, MBzP levels were associated with an increased odds of slowness [odds ratio (OR) per doubling increase: 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.30; OR for the highest vs. lowest quartile: 2.20 (95% CI: 1.12, 4.35) with p-trend across quartiles=0.031]. In longitudinal analyses, MEHHP levels showed an increased risk of slowness [OR per doubling increase: 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.29), OR for the highest vs. lowest quartile: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.06), p- trend=0.035]; whereas those with higher MnBP showed a reduced risk of slowness [OR per doubling increase: 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.96), OR in the highest (vs. lowest) quartile: 0.64 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.87), p-trend=0.006]. For linear regression models, MBzP quartiles were associated with slower walking speed (p-trend=0.048) at enrollment, whereas MEHHP quartiles were associated with slower walking speed, and MnBP quartiles were associated with faster walking speed in longitudinal analysis (p-trend=0.026 and <0.001, respectively). Further, the BKMR analysis revealed negative overall trends between the phthalate metabolite mixtures and walking speed and DEHP group (MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP) had the main effect of the overall mixture. DISCUSSION Urinary concentrations of prevalent phthalates exhibited significant associations with slow walking speed in adults ages 60-98 y. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10549.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonggyo Yoon
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Junghoon Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Sports Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Hongsoo Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health; Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungroul Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University (BK21Four), Asan, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Huang M, Zeng Y, Luo K, Lan B, Luo J, Zeng L, Kang Y. Inhalation bioacessibility and lung cell penetration of indoor PM 2.5-bound PAEs and its implication in risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121216. [PMID: 36746290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the human exposure of phthalate esters (PAEs) in PM2.5 via inhalation route, however, inhalation bioaccessibility and the lung cell penetration of PAEs were barely considered in risk assessment. In the present study, PM2.5 samples collected from indoor environments were investigated for inhalation bioaccessibility of PAEs using two simulated lung fluids (gamble's solution (GMB) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF)). The results showed that the inhalation bioaccessibility of PAEs (except for diethyl phthalate) under healthy state (GMB: 8.9%-62.8%) was lower than that under the inflammatory condition (ALF: 14.5%-67.6%). Lung cell permeation and metabolism of three selected PAEs (diethyl phthalate, di(n-butyl)phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) was tested using equivalent lung cell (A549) model. The inhalation bioavailability obtained by combination of the bioaccessibility of PAEs in indoor PM2.5 and permeability data of A549 cell ranged from 11.7% to 51.1% in health condition, and 13.5%-55.0% in inflammatory state. The calibration parameter (Fc) based on the inhalation bioavailability was established in present study and could provide a reference for a more accurate risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantuo Huang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuqi Zeng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kesong Luo
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingyan Lan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiwen Luo
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lixuan Zeng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Kang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Vogel N, Schmidt P, Lange R, Gerofke A, Sakhi AK, Haug LS, Jensen TK, Frederiksen H, Szigeti T, Csákó Z, Murinova LP, Sidlovska M, Janasik B, Wasowicz W, Tratnik JS, Mazej D, Gabriel C, Karakitsios S, Barbone F, Rosolen V, Rambaud L, Riou M, Murawski A, Leseman D, Koppen G, Covaci A, Lignell S, Lindroos AK, Zvonar M, Andryskova L, Fabelova L, Richterova D, Horvat M, Kosjek T, Sarigiannis D, Maroulis M, Pedraza-Diaz S, Cañas A, Verheyen VJ, Bastiaensen M, Gilles L, Schoeters G, Esteban-López M, Castaño A, Govarts E, Koch HM, Kolossa-Gehring M. Current exposure to phthalates and DINCH in European children and adolescents - Results from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies 2014 to 2021. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 249:114101. [PMID: 36805185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are mainly used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Exposure to several phthalates is associated with different adverse effects most prominently on the development of reproductive functions. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014-2021) have investigated current European exposure to ten phthalates (DEP, BBzP, DiBP, DnBP, DCHP, DnPeP, DEHP, DiNP, DiDP, DnOP) and the substitute DINCH to answer the open policy relevant questions which were defined by HBM4EU partner countries and EU institutions as the starting point of the programme. The exposure dataset includes ∼5,600 children (6-11 years) and adolescents (12-18 years) from up to 12 countries per age group and covering the North, East, South and West European regions. Study data from participating studies were harmonised with respect to sample size and selection of participants, selection of biomarkers, and quality and comparability of analytical results to provide a comparable perspective of European exposure. Phthalate and DINCH exposure were deduced from urinary excretions of metabolites, where concentrations were expressed as their key descriptor geometric mean (GM) and 95th percentile (P95). This study aims at reporting current exposure levels and differences in these between European studies and regions, as well as comparisons to human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs). GMs for children were highest for ∑DEHP metabolites (33.6 μg/L), MiBP (26.6 μg/L), and MEP (24.4 μg/L) and lowest for∑DiDP metabolites (1.91 μg/L) and ∑DINCH metabolites (3.57 μg/L). In adolescents highest GMs were found for MEP (43.3 μg/L), ∑DEHP metabolites (28.8 μg/L), and MiBP (25.6 μg/L) and lowest for ∑DiDP metabolites (= 2.02 μg/L) and ∑DINCH metabolites (2.51 μg/L). In addition, GMs and P95 stratified by European region, sex, household education level, and degree of urbanization are presented. Differences in average biomarker concentrations between sampling sites (data collections) ranged from factor 2 to 9. Compared to the European average, children in the sampling sites OCC (Denmark), InAirQ (Hungary), and SPECIMEn (The Netherlands) had the lowest concentrations across all metabolites and ESTEBAN (France), NAC II (Italy), and CROME (Greece) the highest. For adolescents, comparably higher metabolite concentrations were found in NEB II (Norway), PCB cohort (Slovakia), and ESTEBAN (France), and lower concentrations in POLAES (Poland), FLEHS IV (Belgium), and GerES V-sub (Germany). Multivariate analyses (Survey Generalized Linear Models) indicate compound-specific differences in average metabolite concentrations between the four European regions. Comparison of individual levels with HBM-GVs revealed highest rates of exceedances for DnBP and DiBP, with up to 3 and 5%, respectively, in children and adolescents. No exceedances were observed for DEP and DINCH. With our results we provide current, detailed, and comparable data on exposure to phthalates in children and - for the first time - in adolescents, and - for the first time - on DINCH in children and adolescents of all four regions of Europe which are particularly suited to inform exposure and risk assessment and answer open policy relevant questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vogel
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Rosa Lange
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Line S Haug
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- IST - Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Zsófia Csákó
- National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Beata Janasik
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Catherine Gabriel
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
| | - Spyros Karakitsios
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Department of Medicine-DAME, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosolen
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Loïc Rambaud
- Santé publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Margaux Riou
- Santé publique France, Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Daan Leseman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | - Martin Zvonar
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andryskova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Fabelova
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Richterova
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Denis Sarigiannis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece; Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Advanced Study, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marios Maroulis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
| | - Susana Pedraza-Diaz
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cañas
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veerle J Verheyen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Dept of Biomedical Sciences and Toxicological Centre, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marta Esteban-López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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Wang L, Jia X, Dou Z, Li X, Bao W, Ma C, Wang H, Wang L, Dong M, Zhang Y. Fluorescent labeling and tracing of immobilized efficient degrading bacterium DNB-S1 and its remediation efficiency of DBP contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138011. [PMID: 36731677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is an organic pollutant frequently detected in soil, and is a reproductive poison that harms animals both before and after birth and has mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects. DBP removal from farmland has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. Efficient DBP degrading bacterial strains were screened in the laboratory. GFP (Green fluorescent protein) labeled degradation strain GFP-DNB-S1 was analyzed for its activity and dynamics. Using sodium alginate (SA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) as carrier materials and CaCl2 as a cross-linking agent, the immobilized microbial agent n-HAP/SA + DNB-S1 was prepared by embedding cross-linking immobilization technology to study the remediation effect of DBP contaminated soil. The best formation effect of immobilized materials (n-HAP/SA) was found when the SA to n-HAP ratio was 3:2. When compared to single SA immobilized bacteria, n-HAP/SA immobilized bacteria improved the surface roughness and porosity of the microspheres. After 70 days, LED light revealed that the immobilized bacteria's GFP green fluorescent protein expression was stable. At 70 days, the initial DBP concentration of 500 mg ∙ L-1 degraded at a rate of 69.9%. The degrading bacteria had no effect on DBP degradation before and after being labeled with GFP. The n-HAP/SA immobilized bacteria offered a better living environment for microorganisms due to their rougher surface and a greater number of pores. This protected the microorganisms and increased the efficiency of DBP degradation. When the concentration of DBP in contaminated soil was set to 20 mg ∙ kg-1 and the n-HAP/SA + DNB-S1 immobilized bacterial agent was applied to the soil, the rate of DBP degradation was determined to be 93.34%. The degradation process followed First-order degradation kinetics, which improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil as well as its fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Jia
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Dou
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Bao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Ma
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongye Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Maofeng Dong
- Pesticide Safety Evaluation Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beizhai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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64
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Harmonized human biomonitoring in European children, teenagers and adults: EU-wide exposure data of 11 chemical substance groups from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies (2014-2021). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 249:114119. [PMID: 36773580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the core elements of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey was conducted in 23 countries to generate EU-wide comparable HBM data. This survey has built on existing HBM capacity in Europe by aligning national or regional HBM studies, referred to as the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. The HBM4EU Aligned Studies included a total of 10,795 participants of three age groups: (i) 3,576 children aged 6-12 years, (ii) 3,117 teenagers aged 12-18 years and (iii) 4,102 young adults aged 20-39 years. The participants were recruited between 2014 and 2021 in 11-12 countries per age group, geographically distributed across Europe. Depending on the age group, internal exposure to phthalates and the substitute DINCH, halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), cadmium, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic species, acrylamide, mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (total DON)), benzophenones and selected pesticides was assessed by measuring substance specific biomarkers subjected to stringent quality control programs for chemical analysis. For substance groups analyzed in different age groups higher average exposure levels were observed in the youngest age group, i.e., phthalates/DINCH in children versus teenagers, acrylamide and pesticides in children versus adults, benzophenones in teenagers versus adults. Many biomarkers in teenagers and adults varied significantly according to educational attainment, with higher exposure levels of bisphenols, phthalates, benzophenones, PAHs and acrylamide in participants (from households) with lower educational attainment, while teenagers from households with higher educational attainment have higher exposure levels for PFASs and arsenic. In children, a social gradient was only observed for the non-specific pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA and di-isodecyl phthalate (DiDP), with higher levels in children from households with higher educational attainment. Geographical variations were seen for all exposure biomarkers. For 15 biomarkers, the available health-based HBM guidance values were exceeded with highest exceedance rates for toxicologically relevant arsenic in teenagers (40%), 3-PBA in children (36%), and between 11 and 14% for total DON, Σ (PFOA + PFNA + PFHxS + PFOS), bisphenol S and cadmium. The infrastructure and harmonized approach succeeded in obtaining comparable European wide internal exposure data for a prioritized set of 11 chemical groups. These data serve as a reference for comparison at the global level, provide a baseline to compare the efficacy of the European Commission's chemical strategy for sustainability and will give leverage to national policy makers for the implementation of targeted measures.
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Alnuwaysir H, Aldhalaan H, Binmanee A, Hawari A, Alhazzani F, Jabr MB. The cumulative risk assessment of phthalates exposure in preterm neonates. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114112. [PMID: 36657281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used plasticizers in various consumer products and medical devices, with some reporting as having estrogenic and anti-androgenic endocrine-disrupting effects. Premature neonates may be exposed to high levels of specific phthalates during hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) because of reliance on multiple medical procedures that pose a possible health risk. The present study utilized seven urinary phthalate metabolites of dibutyl phthalate isomers [(di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP)], butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) that had been previously measured in 33 preterm neonates sampled at hospital admission (N = 23) and daily during their NICU stay (N = 260). We aimed to perform: (1) cumulative risk assessment (CRA) using the volume and creatinine-adjusted models; (2) examine the temporal variability of CRA from repeated measures and (3) estimate the risk of cumulative exposure to phthalates based on their anti-androgenic and/or estrogenic properties. We multiplied the relative activity of individual phthalates exhibiting estrogenic or anti-androgenic effects by daily intake. For each preterm neonate, CRA was assessed based on the hazard index (HI) metric [the sum of hazard quotients] based on three reference doses for anti-androgenicity: the tolerable daily intake (TDI) from the European Food Safety Authority, the reference dose (RfD-AA) published in 2010 and newly revised published in 2020 (NRfD-AA). The metabolites of BBzP and DEHP were 2-23 fold higher in preterm neonates during their NICU stay. Median HIs increased in the order of HINRfDAA > HIRfDAA > HITDI. In the creatinine-based model, 87% (92%), 87% (96%), and 100% (100%) of preterm neonates at admission (during NICU stay) showed HITDI, HIRfD-AA, and HINRfD-AA exceeding 1, respectively with DEHP the most prevalent. The temporal reproducibility of HI (based on three reference doses) during preterm neonate stay in the NICU was high, with intra-class correlation coefficients ranging between 0.77 and 0.97, suggesting persistent exposure to phthalates. The four phthalates that preterm neonates were exposed to in the NICU exhibited estrogenic binding and anti-androgenic effects with median values (creatinine-based) of 98.7 and 56.9 μg/kg body weight/day, respectively. This was especially true for DEHP. The results indicate that preterm neonates in this NICU setting are probably at high risk of cumulative phthalate exposure with anti-androgenic properties that may have long-term adverse reproductive and developmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Alnuwaysir
- Environmental Health Program, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Center for Autism Research, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Binmanee
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Hawari
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alhazzani
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Bin Jabr
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Wang H, Cui Y, Zhang F, Song R, Zhao L, Han M, Shen X. Association between urinary phthalate metabolites and hyperuricemia in US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41445-41459. [PMID: 36633744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate metabolites have been detected from urine in most of the US population and have become a public health problem. However, the association between phthalate metabolites and hyperuricemia has been scarcely studied so far. We aimed to evaluate if phthalate metabolites were associated with hyperuricemia in US adults. A total of 8816 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018 were included in our study. We used multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models to explore the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and hyperuricemia. Then, stratified analyses were conducted by sex and age. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the study sample was 20.35%. Compared to the lowest quantile, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hyperuricemia were all statistically significant in following phthalate metabolites: 1.34 (1.13-1.58) for the second quartile in Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), 1.21 (1.01-1.46) for the highest quartile in Mono-(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP), 0.66 (0.56-0.76) for the second quartile in Mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (MEHP), 1.22 (1.05-1.43) for quartile 2 in Benzyl butyl phthalate (ΣBBP), and 1.43 (1.22-1.66) for the third quartile in high molecular-weight phthalate (ΣHigh MWP), respectively. Our results indicate that several urinary phthalate metabolites are positively associated with the odds of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yixin Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ruihan Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Longzhu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Miaomiao Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Li H, Jiang Y, Liu M, Yu J, Feng X, Xu X, Wang H, Zhang J, Sun X, Yu Y. DNA methylation-mediated inhibition of MGARP is involved in impaired progeny testosterone synthesis in mice exposed to DBP in utero. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:914-925. [PMID: 36602389 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has been detected in fetuses and infants and can cause damage to the reproductive system in adulthood, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of intrauterine DBP exposure on offspring reproductive function and explore possible mechanisms. SPF C57BL/6 pregnant mice were given DBP (0.5, 5, 75 mg/kg/d) or corn oil from day 5 to day 19 by gavage. After weaning, the pups were fed a standard diet for 5 weeks. In addition, TM3 Leydig cell cultures were used to study the relevant mechanisms in vitro. The results showed that intrauterine DBP exposure could reduce sperm density and sperm motility, cause testicular tissue damage, down-regulate serum T and LH levels, and up-regulate serum FSH levels at 75 mg/kg/d. Western blot and methylation detection revealed intrauterine exposure to DBP down-regulated testosterone synthesis-related proteins StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, PKA, and PKC expression, while up-regulated the levels of methyltransferase proteins expression and DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in testicular tissue of mouse offspring at 75 mg/kg/d. Further detection found in utero 75 mg/kg/d DBP exposure down-regulated MGARP protein expression, and induced incomplete methylation of the MGARP gene. An in vitro analysis showed that MGARP inhibition is involved in an impaired testosterone synthesis in TM3 cells. Cell culture results suggest that MGARP down-regulation may be involved in impaired testosterone production in monobutyl phthalate-treated cells. The present study revealed that 75 mg/kg/d DBP exposure in utero resulted in testosterone synthesis disorders and reproductive function impairment in mouse offspring, and the mechanism may be related to DNA methylation-mediated down-regulation of MGARP in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyue Feng
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiuling Sun
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Domínguez-Romero E, Komprdová K, Kalina J, Bessems J, Karakitsios S, Sarigiannis DA, Scheringer M. Time-trends in human urinary concentrations of phthalates and substitutes DEHT and DINCH in Asian and North American countries (2009-2019). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:244-254. [PMID: 35513587 PMCID: PMC10005949 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many phthalates are environmental pollutants and toxic to humans. Following phthalate regulations, human exposure to phthalates has globally decreased with time in European countries, the US and Korea. Conversely, exposure to their substitutes DEHT and/or DINCH has increased. In other countries, including China, little is known on the time-trends in human exposure to these plasticizers. OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate time-trends in the urinary concentrations of phthalates, DEHT, and DINCH metabolites, in general population from non-European countries, in the last decade. METHODS We compiled human biomonitoring (HBM) data from 123 studies worldwide in a database termed "PhthaLit". We analyzed time-trends in the urinary concentrations of the excreted metabolites of various phthalates as well as DEHT and DINCH per metabolite, age group, and country/region, in 2009-2019. Additionally, we compared urinary metabolites levels between continents. RESULTS We found solid time-trends in adults and/or children from the US, Canada, China and Taiwan. DEHP metabolites decreased in the US and Canada. Conversely in Asia, 5oxo- and 5OH-MEHP (DEHP metabolites) increased in Chinese children. For low-weight phthalates, the trends showed a mixed picture between metabolites and countries. Notably, MnBP (a DnBP metabolite) increased in China. The phthalate substitutes DEHT and DINCH markedly increased in the US. SIGNIFICANCE We addressed the major question of time-trends in human exposure to phthalates and their substitutes and compared the results in different countries worldwide. IMPACT Phthalates account for more than 50% of the plasticizer world market. Because of their toxicity, some phthalates have been regulated. In turn, the consumption of non-phthalate substitutes, such as DEHT and DINCH, is growing. Currently, phthalates and their substitutes show high detection percentages in human urine. Concerning time-trends, several studies, mainly in Europe, show a global decrease in phthalate exposure, and an increase in the exposure to phthalate substitutes in the last decade. In this study, we address the important question of time-trends in human exposure to phthalates and their substitutes and compare the results in different countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Domínguez-Romero
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Komprdová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Jos Bessems
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), BE-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Spyros Karakitsios
- Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Lab, Univ Campus,Bldg D,Rm 201, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- HERACLES Res Ctr Exposome & Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res & Innovat, Balkan Ctr, Bldg B,10thkm Thessaloniki Thermi Rd, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis A Sarigiannis
- Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Lab, Univ Campus,Bldg D,Rm 201, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- HERACLES Res Ctr Exposome & Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res & Innovat, Balkan Ctr, Bldg B,10thkm Thessaloniki Thermi Rd, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
- Sch Adv Study IUSS, Sci Technol & Soc Dept, Environm Hlth Engn, Piazza Vittoria 15, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
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Hydrolysis of dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in human liver, small intestine, kidney, and lung: An in vitro analysis using organ subcellular fractions and recombinant carboxylesterases. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 372:110353. [PMID: 36657734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used plasticizers that are primarily and rapidly metabolized to monoester phthalates in mammals. In the present study, the hydrolysis of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the human liver, small intestine, kidney, and lung was examined by the catalytic, kinetic, and inhibition analyses using organ microsomal and cytosolic fractions and recombinant carboxylesterases (CESs). The Vmax (y-intercept) values based on the Eadie-Hofstee plots of DBP hydrolysis were liver > small intestine > kidney > lung in microsomes, and liver > small intestine > lung > kidney in cytosol, respectively. The CLint values (x-intercept) were small intestine > liver > kidney > lung in both microsomes and cytosol. The Vmax and CLint or CLmax values of DEHP hydrolysis were small intestine > liver > kidney > lung in both microsomes and cytosol. Bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) effectively inhibited the activities of DBP and DEHP hydrolysis in the microsomes and cytosol of liver, small intestine, kidney, and lung. Although physostigmine also potently inhibited DBP and DEHP hydrolysis activities in both the microsomes and cytosol of the small intestine and kidney, the inhibitory effects in the liver and lung were weak. In recombinant CESs, the Vmax values of DBP hydrolysis were CES1 (CES1b, CES1c) > CES2, whereas the CLmax values were CES2 > CES1 (CES1b, CES1c). On the other hand, the Vmax and CLmax values of DEHP hydrolysis were CES2 > CES1 (CES1b, CES1c). These results suggest an extensive organ-dependence of DBP and DEHP hydrolysis due to CES expression, and that CESs are responsible for the metabolic activation of phthalates.
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Chen HK, Wang SL, Chang YH, Sun CW, Wu MT, Chen ML, Lin YJ, Hsieh CJ. Associations between maternal phthalate exposure and neonatal neurobehaviors: The Taiwan maternal and infant cohort study (TMICS). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120956. [PMID: 36581241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and neurobehavioral changes in children. However, few studies have focused on neonatal neurobehavioral development. This study aimed to examine the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and neonatal neurobehavioral development in the early days of life after birth. This cohort study included 283 mother-infant pairs who participated in the Taiwan Mother Infant Cohort Study during 2012-2015. Each mother was interviewed, and urine samples were collected during the third trimester of pregnancy (weeks 29-40). Eleven common phthalate metabolites in maternal urine were analyzed. The Chinese version of the Neonatal Neurobehavioral Examination was used to evaluate early infant neurobehavioral development within five days of birth. We performed multiple linear regressions to explore the associations between phthalate exposure and neonatal neurobehavioral development. Sex differences in the association between phthalate metabolites and neonatal neurobehaviors were noted. Among girls, tertiles of phthalate metabolite concentrations were associated with worse behavioral responses and tone and motor patterns in the high-molecular-weight phthalate (HMW) and low-molecular-weight phthalate (LMW) groups. Girls in the highest tertile of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) had a negative association with tone and motor patterns. Girls in the highest tertile of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and MiBP showed a negative association with behavioral responses. In contrast, tertiles of phthalate metabolite exposure were associated with improved neurobehaviors in mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) among boys. The highest tertile of MMP was positively associated with behavioral responses, primitive reflexes, and tone and motor patterns. Our findings suggest that maternal phthalate exposure affects neonatal neurobehavioral development in a sex-specific manner. Despite the relatively small sample size, our findings add to the existing research linking maternal phthalate exposure to neonatal neurobehavioral development. Additional research is needed to determine the potential long-term effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Kang Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Sun
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Lin
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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In situ formation of deep eutectic solvents based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the enrichment of trace phthalate esters in aqueous samples. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Trowbridge J, Goin DE, Abrahamsson D, Sklar R, Woodruff TJ. Fossil fuel is the common denominator between climate change and petrochemical exposures, and effects on women and children's health. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 160:368-371. [PMID: 36069123 PMCID: PMC9851939 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SynopsisFossil fuels contribute to climate change and petrochemicals, both of which increase maternal and child disease. Reducing fossil fuels can reap a double benefit for climate change and improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Trowbridge
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Dept Ob/Gyn & RS, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dana E Goin
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Dept Ob/Gyn & RS, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dimitri Abrahamsson
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Dept Ob/Gyn & RS, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel Sklar
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Dept Ob/Gyn & RS, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Dept Ob/Gyn & RS, San Francisco, California, USA
- Environmental Reserach and Translation for Health (EaRTH) Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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The association of phthalate metabolites with childhood waist circumference and abdominal obesity. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:803-812. [PMID: 36482090 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association between phthalates exposure and childhood abdominal obesity is still unclear. This study aimed to assess phthalates (PAEs) exposure level and explore the association between PAEs metabolites exposure and the risk of abdominal obesity in Chinese students aged 7-10 years. A total of 798 students aged 7-10 years were selected from the baseline survey of the cohort of Childhood Blood Pressure and Environmental Factors (CBPEF), which was established in Xiamen City, Fujian province, East China, from August to November in 2018. Urine samples were collected from these students to analyze the concentrations of seven PAEs metabolites using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Waist circumference was used to define abdominal obesity. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of urinary creatinine-adjusted PAEs metabolites with childhood abdominal obesity risk. The prevalence of childhood abdominal obesity is 12.0% (96/798). Apart from mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (62.5% for boys and 47.0% for girls), the detection rate of the others PAEs metabolites ranged from 82.6 to 100%. Boys had higher concentrations of PAEs metabolites than girls (P < 0.05), except for monoethyl phthalate. Compared with the Q1 group of PAEs metabolites, the risk of childhood abdominal obesity increased to 429% (OR = 5.29; 95% CI: 2.09, 13.39) and 273% (OR = 3.73; 95% CI: 1.57, 8.86) for the Q4 group of monoethyl phthalate and monoisobutyl phthalate, respectively. CONCLUSION The detection rate of PAEs metabolites is common, and the exposure level of PAEs metabolites was associated with the risk of abdominal obesity in Chinese students aged 7-10 years. WHAT IS KNOWN • The prevalence of childhood abdominal obesity had increased sharply from 4.9% in 1993 to 17.5% in 2014 in China. More than 80% of the Chinese children and adolescents have measurable level of several PAEs metabolites in the urine. Previous studies with limited sample had explored the association between DEHP metabolites exposure and childhood abdominal obesity risk, however, the association were inconsistent. WHAT IS NEW • The detection rate of PAEs metabolites is common among Chinese children aged 7-10 years. Boys had higher concentrations of PAEs metabolites than girls (P < 0.05), except for monoethyl phthalate. Compared with the Q1 group of PAEs metabolites, the risk of childhood abdominal obesity increased to 429% and 273% for the Q4 group of monoethyl phthalate and monoisobutyl phthalate, respectively.
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Tang S, Zhang H, Xia Y, Luo S, Liu Y, Duan X, Zou Z, Chen C, Zhou L, Qiu J. Exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate causes locomotor increase and anxiety-like behavior via induction of oxidative stress in brain. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:113-122. [PMID: 35818324 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most prevalent xenoestrogen endocrine disruptor in daily life. A growing number of studies showed that DEHP could exhibit long-term adverse health effects on the human body, particularly in the liver, kidneys, heart and reproductive systems. However, the impact of oral intake of DEHP on the nervous system is extremely limited. In the present study, the adult C57BL/6J male mice were intragastrically administered with two dosages of DEHP for 35 days. The behavioral parameters were assessed using the elevated plus maze and open-field test. The mRNA expression levels of neuropeptides and the oxidative stress-associated proteins were detected by qPCR and western blot seperately. The histopathologic alterations of the brain were observed by H&E and Nissl staining. The results demonstrated that DEHP exposure could result in neurobehavioral impairments such as locomotor increase and anxiety-like behavior. Furthermore, pathological damages were clearly observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, accompanied by a decrease in neuropeptides and an increase in oxidative stress, which were all positively correlated with the dose of DEHP. Together, these findings provide valuable clues into the DEHP-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Tang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyue Luo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Duan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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75
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Rodprasert W, Toppari J, Virtanen HE. Environmental toxicants and male fertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 86:102298. [PMID: 36623980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Semen quality has declined especially among Western men. Experimental and epidemiological studies have shown potential links between exposure to environmental toxicants and poor male fertility. Some environmental exposures in utero can disrupt fetal testicular function and result in cryptorchidism, low semen quality, low serum testosterone levels, and low fertility. Environmental exposure in childhood and adulthood can also adversely affect germ cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, or the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, resulting in impaired male fertility. In this review, we report the latest results from human studies that investigated the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals, heavy metals, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and use of marijuana in low semen quality and impaired male fertility. Current evidence suggests the relationship between these environmental factors and low male fertility; however, some factors showed conflicting results which need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Rodprasert
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Helena E Virtanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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76
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Young AS, Herkert N, Stapleton HM, Coull BA, Hauser R, Zoeller T, Behnisch PA, Felzel E, Brouwer A, Allen JG. Hormone receptor activities of complex mixtures of known and suspect chemicals in personal silicone wristband samplers worn in office buildings. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137705. [PMID: 36592838 PMCID: PMC9937064 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to increasingly complex mixtures of hormone-disrupting chemicals from a variety of sources, yet, traditional research methods only evaluate a small number of chemicals at a time. We aimed to advance novel methods to investigate exposures to complex chemical mixtures. Silicone wristbands were worn by 243 office workers in the USA, UK, China, and India during four work shifts. We analyzed extracts of the wristbands for: 1) 99 known (targeted) chemicals; 2) 1000+ unknown chemical features, tentatively identified through suspect screening; and 3) total hormonal activities towards estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and thyroid hormone (TR) receptors in human cell assays. We evaluated associations of chemicals with hormonal activities using Bayesian kernel machine regression models, separately for targeted versus suspect chemicals (with detection ≥50%). Every wristband exhibited hormonal activity towards at least one receptor: 99% antagonized TR, 96% antagonized AR, and 58% agonized ER. Compared to men, women were exposed to mixtures that were more estrogenic (180% higher, adjusted for country, age, and skin oil abundance in wristband), anti-androgenic (110% higher), and complex (median 836 detected chemical features versus 780). Adjusted models showed strong associations of jointly increasing chemical concentrations with higher hormonal activities. Several targeted and suspect chemicals were important co-drivers of overall mixture effects, including chemicals used as plasticizers, fragrance, sunscreen, pesticides, and from other or unknown sources. This study highlights the role of personal care products and building microenvironments in hormone-disrupting exposures, and the substantial contribution of chemicals not often identifiable or well-understood to those exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Young
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nicholas Herkert
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Morrill Science Center, Amherst 01003, USA
| | - Peter A Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emiel Felzel
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joseph G Allen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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77
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Bernard L, Masse M, Boeuf B, Chennell P, Decaudin B, Durand N, Genay S, Lambert C, Le Basle Y, Moreau E, Pinguet J, Ponsonnaille V, Richard D, Saturnin N, Storme L, Sautou V. Medical devices used in NICU: The main source of plasticisers' exposure of newborns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159994. [PMID: 36368381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and other plasticisers are extensively used in medical devices (MD) from which they can leach out and lead to potential multiple problems for the patients. This exposure is a major issue because it is associated with reproductive and neurodevelopment disorders. The Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) population is at high risk due to the daily intensive medical interventions, the reduced ability of newborns to remove these contaminants and their higher sensitivity to endocrine disruptors. We conducted a multicentric biomonitoring study to assess and compare the urinary levels of DEHP (di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate), DEHTP (di-(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate) and TEHTM (tri-(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate) metabolites as biomarkers of this exposure during and after the newborns' stay in NICU. Daily urinary samples were collected in NICU and at discharge from the hospital for each patient. MD sources and exposure factors were also investigated. 508 urinary samples from 97 patients enrolled in centres 1 and 2 (C1/C2) were collected. The exposure of newborns to DEHP was greater than that of DEHTP and TEHTM, with a median concentration of DEHP metabolites (C1:195.63 ng/mL;C2:450.87 ng/mL) respectively 5 to 10 times higher and 57 to 228 times higher than the median concentrations of DEHTP and TEHTM metabolites. The urinary concentrations of DEHP and TEHTM metabolites were significantly lower at discharge than in NICU, with a 18-and 35-fold decrease for DEHP and a 4 and 8-fold decrease for TEHTM, respectively for C1 and C2, but were similar for DEHTP metabolites. MD used for respiratory assistance, infusion therapy,enteral nutrition and transfusion were the main sources of exposure. Smaller gestational age and body weight significantly increased the newborns' exposure. The elevated levels of DEHP metabolites in NICU patients are still alarming. Additional efforts are necessary to promote its substitution in MD by possibly safer alternatives such as TEHTM and DEHTP, particularly when used for the care of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Morgane Masse
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoît Boeuf
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Réanimation pédiatrique et médecine néonatale, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philip Chennell
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Decaudin
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nelly Durand
- CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Genay
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Lambert
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoann Le Basle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Moreau
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INSERM U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Pinguet
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, service de Pharmacologie médicale, UMR INSERM 1107 Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Varlane Ponsonnaille
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Réanimation pédiatrique et médecine néonatale, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Richard
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, service de Pharmacologie médicale, UMR INSERM 1107 Neuro-Dol, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Saturnin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Réanimation pédiatrique et médecine néonatale, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Storme
- CHRU Lille, Service de Médecine Néonatale, F-59000 Lille, France; Université Lille I, UPRES EA 4489, Laboratoire de Périnatalité et croissance, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Sautou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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78
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Cui JG, Wang JX, Chen MS, Wang HR, Li XN, Li JL. Ferroptosis is critical for phthalates driving the blood-testis barrier dysfunction via targeting transferrin receptor. Redox Biol 2023; 59:102584. [PMID: 36580806 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global rate of human male infertility is rising at an alarming rate owing to environmental and lifestyle changes. Phthalates are the most hazardous chemical additives in plastics and have an apparently negative impact on the function of male reproductive system. Ferroptosis is a recently described form of iron-dependent cell death and has been linked to several diseases. Transferrin receptor (TfRC), a specific ferroptosis marker, is a universal iron importer for all cells using extracellular transferrin. We aim to investigate the potential involvement of ferroptosis during male reproductive toxicity, and provide means for drawing conclusions on the effect of ferroptosis in phthalates-induced male reproductive disease. In this study, we found that di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) triggered blood-testis barrier (BTB) dysfunction in the mouse testicular tissues. DEHP also induced mitochondrial morphological changes and lipid peroxidation, which are manifestations of ferroptosis. As the primary metabolite of DEHP, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) induced ferroptosis by inhibiting glutathione defense network and increasing lipid peroxidation. TfRC knockdown blocked MEHP-induced ferroptosis by decreasing mitochondrial and intracellular levels of Fe2+. Our findings indicate that TfRC can regulate Sertoli cell ferroptosis and therefore is a novel therapeutic molecule for reproductive disorders in male patients with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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79
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Besis A, Avgenikou A, Pantelaki I, Serafeim E, Georgiadou E, Voutsa D, Samara C. Hazardous organic pollutants in indoor dust from elementary schools and kindergartens in Greece: Implications for children's health. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136750. [PMID: 36241110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Children spend a significant portion of their day in school, where they may be exposed to hazardous organic compounds accumulated in indoor dust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of major hazardous organic contaminants in dust collected from kindergartens and elementary schools in Northern Greece (n = 20). The sum concentrations of 20 targeted polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (∑20PBDEs) in dust varied from 58 ng g-1 to 1480 ng g-1, while the sum of 4 novel brominated fire retardants (∑4NBFRs) ranged from 28 ng g-1 to 555 ng g-1. Correspondingly, the sum concentrations of phthalate esters (∑9PAEs) ranged between 265 μg g-1 and 2120 μg g-1, while the sum of organophosphate esters (∑11OPEs) was found between 2890 ng g-1 and 16,100 ng g-1. Finally, the sum concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑16PAHs) were found within in the range 212 ng g-1 and 6960 ng g-1. Exposure to indoor dust contaminant via inhalation, ingestion and dermal absorption was investigated for children and adults (teachers). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were also estimated. Children's estimated intakes of individual hazardous chemicals via the three exposure routes, were lower than the available health-based reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Anna Avgenikou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pantelaki
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Serafeim
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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80
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Chang CL, Chen HT, Chen CY, Chen EY, Lin KT, Jung CC. Gas-phase and PM 2.5-bound phthalates in nail salons: characteristics, exposure via inhalation, and influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6146-6158. [PMID: 35987852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of, exposure to, and factors influencing gas-phase and PM2.5-bound phthalates (PAEs) in nail salons. Data on both indoor and outdoor gas-phase and PM2.5-bound PAEs, carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature, and relative humidity were collected in nail salons. We also used questionnaires to survey building characteristics and occupants' behaviors. The average total gas-phase and PM2.5-bound PAE concentrations indoors were higher than those outdoors by 6 and 3 times, respectively. Diethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the predominant compounds among both the gas-phase and PM2.5-bound PAEs in indoor air. The volume of the salon's space or the difference of indoor and outdoor CO2 concentrations (dCO2) was significantly associated with indoor PAE concentrations. The ratios of PM2.5-bound to gas-phase PAEs, especially high-molecular-weight PAEs, were positively associated with the dCO2 concentrations. Higher ratios of indoor to outdoor PM2.5-bound DiBP, DnBP, and DEHP concentrations were discovered when more clients visited each day. Building characteristics, ventilation conditions, and occupants' activities have influences on the gas-phase and particle-phase PAEs. The study identifies the characteristics of gas-phase and PM2.5-bound PAEs in nail salons and their influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Chang
- Department of Cosmetology and Health Care, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Tzu Chen
- Department of Cosmetology and Health Care, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, School of Safety and Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Occupational Environment and Food Safety Research Center, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - En-Yu Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Lin
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan.
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81
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Begum TF, Carpenter D. Health effects associated with phthalate activity on nuclear receptors. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:567-583. [PMID: 34592072 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, widely used as plasticizers to impart flexibility in plastics, and as solvents in personal care products. Due to their nearly ubiquitous use in consumer products, most humans are exposed to phthalates daily. There has been extensive research on the reproductive health effects associated with phthalate exposure, but less attention has been paid to other actions. This review aims to summarize the known action of phthalates on different nuclear receptors. Some phthalates bind to and activate the estrogen receptor, making them weakly estrogenic. However, other phthalates antagonize androgen receptors. Some high molecular weight phthalates antagonize thyroid receptors, affecting metabolism. Several phthalates activate and interfere with the normal function of different peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), receptors that have critical roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Some phthalates activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is critical for xenobiotic metabolism. Although phthalates have a short half-life in vivo, because people are continuously exposed, studies should examine the health effects of phthalates associated with long-term exposure. There is limited research on the effects of phthalates on health outcomes aside from reproductive function, particularly concerning are childhood adiposity, behavior, and learning. There is also limited information on actions of phthalates not mediated via nuclear receptors. Humans are exposed to multiple chemicals simultaneously, and how chemical mixtures act on nuclear receptor activity needs study. Although we know a great deal about phthalates, there is still much that remains uncertain. Future studies need to further examine their other potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoin Farzana Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - David Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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82
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Zhou X, Abulimiti G, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cong R, Ji C, Luan J, Yao L, Yang J, Song N. Identification of endocrine-disrupting chemicals targeting the genes and pathways of genital anomalies in males. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114241. [PMID: 36308879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypospadias and cryptorchidism are the most common congenital malformations in male neonates, both of which are also the important clinical manifestations of testicular dysgenesis syndrome and share a same origin. Many studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with hypospadias and cryptorchidism development. However, the consistent mechanisms remain unclear. To identify the key EDCs, genes and biological networks related to the development of hypospadias and cryptorchidism respectively and commonly, we conduct the present study and found a new method for predicting the correlation between the interactive genes of hypospadias/cryptorchidism and chemicals. Transcriptome profiles were obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analyses and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were applied for integrative analyses. The rat model and molecular docking were applied to furtherly verifying the findings of the integrative analyses. Besides the highly related genes, most enriched pathways and chemicals for hypospadias and cryptorchidism respectively, we found hypospadias and cryptorchidism share many same highly associated EDCs (e.g., dibutyl phthalate) and genes (e.g., androgen receptor and estrogen receptor 1) through comparing highly related chemicals or genes of hypospadias and cryptorchidism respectively. GO and KEGG analysis showed that these same interactive genes were mainly enriched in steroidogenesis, response to steroid hormone and nuclear receptor activity. PPI network analysis identified 15 biological hub genes. Furtherly, hypospadias and cryptorchidism were induced by prenatal dibutyl phthalate exposure. Decreased serum testosterone level, downregulation of nuclear androgen-dependent and upregulation of cytoplasmic estrogen-dependent pathways may lead to hypospadias and cryptorchidism. This study proposed a new method for predicting the correlation between the interactive genes of hypospadias/cryptorchidism and chemicals and found that hypospadias and cryptorchidism share many same highly associated EDCs and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; The Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Artux, Xinjiang 845350, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; The Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Artux, Xinjiang 845350, China
| | - Gulinuer Abulimiti
- Department of Translational Medicine, The Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Artux, Xinjiang 845350, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Chengjian Ji
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Jiaochen Luan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Liangyu Yao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; The Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Artux, Xinjiang 845350, China.
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; The Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Artux, Xinjiang 845350, China.
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Thayer KA, Angrish M, Arzuaga X, Carlson LM, Davis A, Dishaw L, Druwe I, Gibbons C, Glenn B, Jones R, Phillip Kaiser J, Keshava C, Keshava N, Kraft A, Lizarraga L, Persad A, Radke EG, Rice G, Schulz B, Shaffer RM, Shannon T, Shapiro A, Thacker S, Vulimiri SV, Williams AJ, Woodall G, Yost E, Blain R, Duke K, Goldstone AE, Hartman P, Hobbie K, Ingle B, Lemeris C, Lin C, Lindahl A, McKinley K, Soleymani P, Vetter N. Systematic evidence map (SEM) template: Report format and methods used for the US EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program, Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) program, and other "fit for purpose" literature-based human health analyses. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107468. [PMID: 36174483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic evidence maps (SEMs) are gaining visibility in environmental health for their utility to serve as problem formulation tools and assist in decision-making, especially for priority setting. SEMs are now routinely prepared as part of the assessment development process for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) assessments. SEMs can also be prepared to explore the available literature for an individual chemical or groups of chemicals of emerging interest. OBJECTIVES This document describes the typical methods used to produce SEMs for the IRIS and PPRTV Programs, as well as "fit for purpose" applications using a variety of examples drawn from existing analyses. It is intended to serve as an example base template that can be adapted as needed for the specific SEM. The presented methods include workflows intended to facilitate rapid production. The Populations, Exposures, Comparators and Outcomes (PECO) criteria are typically kept broad to identify mammalian animal bioassay and epidemiological studies that could be informative for human hazard identification. In addition, a variety of supplemental content is tracked, e.g., studies presenting information on in vitro model systems, non-mammalian model systems, exposure-level-only studies in humans, pharmacokinetic models, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). The availability of New Approach Methods (NAMs) evidence is also tracked (e.g., high throughput, transcriptomic, in silico, etc.). Genotoxicity studies may be considered as PECO relevant or supplemental material, depending on the topic and context of the review. Standard systematic review practices (e.g., two independent reviewers per record) and specialized software applications are used to search and screen the literature and may include the use of machine learning software. Mammalian bioassay and epidemiological studies that meet the PECO criteria after full-text review are briefly summarized using structured web-based extraction forms with respect to study design and health system(s) assessed. Extracted data is available in interactive visual formats and can be downloaded in open access formats. Methods for conducting study evaluation are also presented which is conducted on a case-by-case basis, depending on the usage of the SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Thayer
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Michelle Angrish
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Xabier Arzuaga
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Laura M Carlson
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health & Environmental Effects Assessment Division, US EPA, NC, USA.
| | - Allen Davis
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Laura Dishaw
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Ingrid Druwe
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Catherine Gibbons
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Barbara Glenn
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Ryan Jones
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health & Environmental Effects Assessment Division, US EPA, NC, USA.
| | - J Phillip Kaiser
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Channa Keshava
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Nagalakshmi Keshava
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Andrew Kraft
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Lucina Lizarraga
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Amanda Persad
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Elizabeth G Radke
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Glenn Rice
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | | | - Rachel M Shaffer
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Teresa Shannon
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | - Andrew Shapiro
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health & Environmental Effects Assessment Division, US EPA, NC, USA.
| | - Shane Thacker
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health & Environmental Effects Assessment Division, US EPA, NC, USA.
| | - Suryanarayana V Vulimiri
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
| | | | - George Woodall
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health & Environmental Effects Assessment Division, US EPA, NC, USA.
| | - Erin Yost
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Chemical & Pollutant Assessment Division, US EPA, DC, USA.
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Wang MH, Chen CF, Albarico FPJB, Chen CW, Dong CD. Occurrence and distribution of phthalate esters and microplastics in wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan and their toxicological risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135857. [PMID: 35940417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are fat soluble synthetic chemicals, usually regarded as plasticizers for being added in numerous plastic products. Thus, environmental and health hazards of PAEs are associated with increasing plastic pollution. In this study, PAEs from sludge samples collected from water, sewage, and industrial treatment plants (N = 17) were analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Microplastics (MPs) were also quantified and correlated with PAEs. Results showed the highest average PAE concentrations in sewage treatment plants. The greatest ΣPAEs concentration were found in sewage treatment plant (STP4) with 32,414 μg/kg dw, while the lowest found in water treatment plant (WTP3) with 2062 μg/kg dw. Among different PAEs, di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) contributes the highest. Similarly, DEHP, di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) significantly correlated with the total PAEs indicating their large contribution to sludge contamination. The abundance of microplastics in sludge ranged between 1 and 7 MP/g, highest at ITP6, but not detected in some stations. While microplastics may potentially increase PAEs, there was no significant relationship between ΣPAEs and MP abundance. The estimated human daily intake of DEHP and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) when contaminated sludge be used showed low toxicological risks to exposed adults. This research presents the sludge characteristics, PAEs, and microplastic concentrations in different wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan. PAE contamination was highly contributed by domestic and industrial wastes shown by their significant amounts in STP and ITP. Results further provide evidence for potential sludge recycling (WTP sludge) and application to soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huang Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City, 6122, Philippines
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
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85
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Zhou J, Wang H, Jia L, Ma Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Wang K, Zhang P, Yang H. Mechanism of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-induced damage to rat testis via Fas/FasL pathway and the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2764-2779. [PMID: 36214342 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is widely used to control broadleaved weeds and has been associated with male infertility. We studied the molecular mechanisms of 2,4-D induced male reproductive system damage and the protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) using Sprague Dawley rats and TM4 cells. Treatment with 2,4-D caused architectural and functional changes in the testis, including collapsed and atrophied seminiferous tubules with reduced number of spermatozoa, scarce sperm in the epididymal duct, low levels of serum testosterone, decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, high malondialdehyde content, and increased apoptosis in the testis and epididymis. The expression of Fas, FasL, FADD, Pro-caspase-8, Cleaved-Caspase-8, Pro-Caspase-3, and Cleaved-Caspase-3 were significantly increased in the testicular tissue of 2,4-D-treated rats. The proliferative activity of TM4 cells decreased with an increase in dose and time of 2,4-D exposure, along with enhanced Fas/Fas ligand expression and a decreased concentration of inhibin B in TM4 cell culture medium. Depletion of Fas by specific shRNA transfection reversed the effects of 2,4-D in TM4 cells, further confirming the involvement of death receptor pathway in 2,4-D-mediated apoptosis of sertoli cells. Treatment with LBP also reversed the effects of 2,4-D in testicular cells, resulting in improved cell architecture along with enhanced proliferative capacity. Moreover, in response to LBP treatment of Sertoli cells, the content of inhibin B increased, the level of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde decreased, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased, and the rate of apoptosis as well as the expression of Fas/Fas ligand signaling pathway proteins decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengquan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Leina Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqin Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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86
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New evidence for deleterious effects of environmental contaminants on the male gamete. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 246:106886. [PMID: 34774338 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The decreasing trend in human and domestic animal fertility in recent decades has resulted in the question of whether reduced sperm quality is associated with changes in global climate and the environment. Proposed causes for reduced sperm quality include environmental contaminants, which enter into the body of animals through the food chain and are transported to the reproductive tract, where contaminating agents can have effects on fertilization capacities of gametes. In this review, there is a focus on various environmental contaminants and potential effects on male fertility. Human-derived contaminants, particularly endocrine-disrupting phthalates and the pesticide atrazine, are discussed. Naturally occurring toxins are also addressed, in particular mycotoxins such as aflatoxin which can be components in food consumed by humans and animals. Mechanisms by which environmental contaminants reduce male fertility are not clearly defined; however, are apparently multifactorial (i.e., direct and indirect effects) with there being diverse modes of action. Results from studies with humans, rodents and domestic animals indicate there are deleterious effects of contaminants on male gametes at various stages of spermatogenesis (i.e., in the testis) during passage through the epididymis, and in mature spermatozoa, after ejaculation and during capacitation. Considering there is never detection of a single contaminant, this review addresses synergistic or additive effects of combinations of contaminants. There is new evidence highlighted for the long-lasting effects of environmental contaminants on spermatozoa and developing embryos. Understanding the risk associated with environmental contaminants for animal reproduction may lead to new management strategies, thereby improving reproductive processes.
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Deng YL, Yang P, Wang YX, Liu C, Luo Q, Shi T, Zeng JY, Lu TT, Chen PP, Miao Y, Zhang M, Cui FP, Lu WQ, Zeng Q. Urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and phthalate metabolite mixtures in relation to semen quality among men attending an infertility clinic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:81749-81759. [PMID: 35737263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that exposure to phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is individually associated with altered semen quality, but no human studies have evaluated their joint effects of exposure mixtures, a more real-world scenario. We aimed to explore urinary metabolite mixtures of phthalates and PAHs in associations with semen quality. Repeated spot-urine samples gathered from 695 men attending a fertility clinic were analyzed for urinary metabolites of eight phthalates and ten monohydroxylated-PAHs (OH-PAHs). Principal component analysis (PCA)-multivariable linear regression (MLR) model, quantile g-computation (qg-comp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to estimate the associations of urinary mixtures of phthalate and OH-PAH metabolites with semen quality. The overall effects of urinary mixtures of phthalate and PAH metabolites on semen quality were not statistically significant. However, hydroxynaphthalene (OHNa) factor identified from PCA was monotonically associated with decreased total sperm count and sperm concentration, whereas di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) factor was non-monotonically related to increased progressive sperm motility and total sperm motility. Qg-comp and BKMR models confirmed these findings and identified 2-OHNa and 2-OHFlu as the primary negative contributors, whereas MEOHP and MEHP as the primary positive contributors. Our findings suggest that exposure to mixtures of naphthalene and DEHP is associated with altered semen quality. The finding is warranted to confirm in further well-designed epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Gardener H, Nguyen V, Hoepner LA. Phthalate and bisphenol a exposures during pregnancy: Findings from the National Children's Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114122. [PMID: 35995224 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) during pregnancy can result in many adverse offspring health outcomes. Exposure to phthalates and BPA can vary depending on consumption of certain foods, some of which may vary by race/ethnicity. This study relates urine phthalate and BPA concentrations to sociodemographic and diet data. Concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and 11 phthalate metabolites were measured from spot urine at the third trimester visit of a sample of 485 pregnant women from the National Children's Study Vanguard Study Pilot data from seven U.S. cities. At the same time, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) using the Diet*Calc software were obtained from 313 (65%) participants to assess dietary behavior. Overall, phthalate metabolites were highest among Hispanic women, particularly mBP, miBP, and mECPP, and these disparities were not explained by diet. Participants who did not attend college had higher concentrations of mBP, mBzP, mEP, and miBP, and lower mCOP. These disparities were also not explained by diet. The causes for these disparities should be further studied to reduce potential negative health outcomes associated with phthalate exposure for children of Hispanic or non-college educated women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gardener
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- College of Medicine and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences of the School of Public Health, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11230, USA.
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11230, USA.
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89
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Henkel C, Hüffer T, Hofmann T. Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics Leach Phthalates into the Aquatic Environment over Decades. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14507-14516. [PMID: 36154015 PMCID: PMC9583606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (phthalates) have been detected everywhere in the environment, but data on leaching kinetics and the governing mass transfer process into aqueous systems remain largely unknown. In this study, we experimentally determined time-dependent leaching curves for three phthalates di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, and diisononyl phthalate from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics and thereby enabled a better understanding of their leaching kinetics. This is essential for exposure assessment and to predict microplastic-bound environmental concentrations of phthalates. Leaching curves were analyzed using models for intraparticle diffusion (IPD) and aqueous boundary layer diffusion (ABLD). We show that ABLD is the governing diffusion process for the continuous leaching of phthalates because phthalates are very hydrophobic (partitioning coefficients between PVC and water log KPVC/W were higher than 8.6), slowing down the diffusion through the ABL. Also, the diffusion coefficient in the polymer DPVC is relatively high (∼8 × 10-14 m2 s-1) and thus enhances IPD. Desorption half-lives of the studied PVC microplastics are greater than 500 years but can be strongly influenced by environmental factors. By combining leaching experiments and modeling, our results reveal that PVC microplastics are a long-term source of phthalates in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Henkel
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department for
Environmental Geosciences, University of
Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral
School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Platform Plastics in the Environment and Society (Plenty), University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Hüffer
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department for
Environmental Geosciences, University of
Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Platform Plastics in the Environment and Society (Plenty), University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department for
Environmental Geosciences, University of
Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Platform Plastics in the Environment and Society (Plenty), University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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90
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Chen J, Ward TJ, Ho SSH, Ho KF. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Personal PM 2.5-Bound Phthalates Exposure for Adults in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13425. [PMID: 36294006 PMCID: PMC9602720 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We performed personal PM2.5 monitoring involving 56 adult residents in Hong Kong. Additionally, paired personal and residential indoor fine particle (PM2.5) samples were collected from 26 homes and from 3 fixed monitoring locations (i.e., outdoor samples). Six PM2.5-bound phthalate esters (PAEs)-including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)-were measured using a thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer method. Average ∑6PAEs (i.e., summation of six PAE congeners) concentrations in personal PM2.5 exposure (699.4 ng/m3) were comparable with those in residential indoors (646.9 ng/m3), and both were slightly lower than the outdoor levels. DEHP was the most abundant PAE congener (80.3%-85.0%) and found at the highest levels in different exposure categories, followed by BBP, DnBP, and DnOP. Strong correlations were observed between DEHP with DnBP (rs: 0.81-0.90; p < 0.01), BBP (rs: 0.81-0.90; p < 0.01), and DnOP (rs: 0.87-0.93; p < 0.01) in each exposure category. However, no apparent intercorrelations were shown for PAE congeners. Higher indoor concentrations and a stronger correlation between DMP and DEP were found compared with outdoor concentrations. Principal component analysis affirmed heterogeneous distribution and notable variations in PAE sources across different exposure categories. The average daily intakes of ∑6PAEs and DEHP via inhalation were 0.14-0.17 and 0.12-0.16 μg/kg-day for adults in Hong Kong. A time-weighted model was used to estimate PAE exposures incorporating residential indoor and outdoor exposure and time activities. The inhalation cancer risks attributable to measured and estimated personal exposure to DEHP exceeded the U.S. EPA's benchmark (1 × 10-6). The results provide critical information for mitigation strategies, suggesting that PAEs from both ambient and indoor sources should be considered when exploring the inhalation health risks of PAEs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Chen
- Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Tony J. Ward
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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91
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Ermler S, Kortenkamp A. Systematic review of associations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure with declining semen quality in support of the derivation of reference doses for mixture risk assessments. Environ Health 2022; 21:94. [PMID: 36217156 PMCID: PMC9552438 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixture risk assessments require reference doses for common health endpoints of all the chemicals to be considered together. In support of a mixture risk assessment for male reproductive health, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on associations between exposures to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and declines in semen quality. PCBs can act as Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)-agonists and Androgen Receptor (AR)-antagonists, both mechanisms which can affect sperm parameters. PCBs and other AR-antagonists can produce additive combination effects. Based on these observations our objective was to systematically gather data from animal and human studies to derive a reference dose for declines in semen quality for individual PCB. METHODS We systematically reviewed and evaluated the evidence in human epidemiological and experimental animal studies on associations between PCBs and deteriorations in semen quality. Human data and findings from animal studies with PCB mixtures were considered as supporting evidence. Information for individual congeners from animal studies was required for inclusion in mixture risk assessment. Using a robust confidence rating approach, we identified suitable studies to derive reference doses for individual PCB congeners. RESULTS Evaluation of human epidemiological studies revealed several reports of adverse effects on sperm parameters linked to PCB exposures, although some studies reported improved semen quality. Our review of experimental animal studies found that treatments with PCBs affected semen quality, in most cases adversely. We found robust evidence that PCB-118 and -169 were linked to declines in semen quality. Evidence for adverse effects of PCB-126, -132, -149, and -153 was moderate, whereas for PCB-77 it was slight and for PCB-180 indeterminate. Using widely accepted risk assessment procedures, we estimated reference dose values of 0.0029 µg/kg/day for PCB-118 and 0.00533 µg/kg/day for PCB-169. In addition, we derived values for PCB-126: 0.000073 µg/kg/day, PCB-132: 0.0228 µg/kg/day, PCB-149: 0.656 µg/kg/day, and PCB-153: 0.0058 µg/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS We found robust evidence for links between PCB exposure and deteriorations in semen quality, and derived reference doses for a set of congeners. We intend to use these values in combination with congener-specific exposure data in a mixture risk assessment for declines in semen quality, involving several other antiandrogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Ermler
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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92
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Freire C, Castiello F, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Beneito A, Lertxundi A, Jimeno-Romero A, Vrijheid M, Casas M. Association of prenatal phthalate exposure with pubertal development in Spanish boys and girls. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113606. [PMID: 35716812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are widespread, anti-androgenic chemicals known to alter early development, with possible impact on puberty timing. AIM To investigate the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with pubertal development in boys and girls. METHODS Urinary metabolites of six different phthalate diesters (DEP, DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DEHP, and DiNP) and non-phthalate plasticizer DINCH® were quantified in two urine samples collected during pregnancy from mothers participating in the INMA Spanish cohort study. Pubertal assessment of their children at age 7-10 years (409 boys, 379 girls) was conducted using the parent-reported Pubertal Development Scale. Modified Poisson and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was employed to examine associations between prenatal phthalates and risk of puberty onset, adrenarche, and gonadarche. Effect modification by child weight status was explored by stratified analysis. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to DEHP was associated with higher risk of puberty onset (relative risk [RR] = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09-1.59 per each log-unit increase in concentrations) and gonadarche (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.50) in boys and higher risk of adrenarche (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51) in girls at age 7-10 years. In boys, prenatal exposure to DEP, DnBP, and DEHP was also associated with higher risk of adrenarche or gonadarche (RRs = 1.49-1.80) in those with normal weight, and BBzP and DINCH® exposure with lower risk of adrenarche (RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27-0.89 and RR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24-0.90, respectively) in those with overweight/obesity. In girls, DiBP, DnBP, and DINCH® were associated with slightly higher risk of gonadarche (RRs = 1.14-1.19) in those with overweight/obesity. In the WQS model, the phthalate mixture was not associated with puberty in boys or girls. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to certain phthalates was associated with pubertal development at age 7-10 years, especially earlier puberty in boys with normal weight and girls with overweight/obesity. However, there was no evidence of effect of the phthalate mixture on advancing or delaying puberty in boys or girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesca Castiello
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Pediatrics Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maribel Casas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
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93
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Liu M, Chen H, Dai H, Wang Y, Li J, Tian F, Li Z, Ge RS. Effects of bis (2-butoxyethyl) phthalate on adrenocortical function in male rats in puberty partially via down-regulating NR5A1/NR4A1/NR4A2 pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2419-2433. [PMID: 35762508 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates may interfere with the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex. Bis (2-butoxyethyl) phthalate (BBOP) is a phthalate containing oxygen atoms in the alcohol moiety. In this study, 35-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were daily gavaged with BBOP (0, 10, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. BBOP did not affect the weight of body and adrenal glands. BBOP significantly reduced serum corticosterone levels at 250 and 500 mg/kg, and lowered aldosterone level at 500 mg/kg without affecting adrenocorticotropic hormone. BBOP did not alter the thickness of the adrenal cortex. BBOP significantly down-regulated the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes (Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp21, Cyp11b1, Cyp11b2, Nr5a1, Nr4a1, and Nr4a2) and proteins, and antioxidant enzymes (Sod1, Sod2, Gpx1, and Cat) and their proteins, while up-regulating the expression of Mc2r and Agtr1a at various doses. BBOP reduced the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, and ERK1/2, as well as the levels of SIRT1 and PGC1α without affecting the phosphorylation of AMPK. BBOP significantly induced the production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis rate in H295R cells at 100 μM and higher after 24 h of treatment. In conclusion, male rats exposed to BBOP in puberty have significant reduction of steroid biosynthesis with a potential mechanism that is involved in the decrease in the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, ERK1/2, as well as SIRT1 and PGC1α and increase in ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoqing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiqiong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haipeng Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuhong Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongrong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yang W, Cui H, Chai Z, Zou P, Shi F, Yang B, Zhang G, Yang H, Chen Q, Liu J, Cao J, Ling X, Ao L. Benzo[a]pyrene inhibits testosterone biosynthesis via NDUFA10-mediated mitochondrial compromise in mouse Leydig cells: Integrating experimental and in silico toxicological approaches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114075. [PMID: 36108438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is ubiquitously spread in the environment and showing deleterious impacts on male steroidogenesis, including testosterone synthesis disorder. However, the precise mechanisms involved in B[a]P-induced steroidogenesis perturbation remains obscure. In the present study, we integrated in vivo tests, transcriptome profiling, in vitro assays, and conjoint in silico toxicological approaches to delineate the detailed mechanisms. In mouse models, we observed that B[a]P administration remarkably inhibited testosterone synthesis accompanied by ultrastructural impairments of mitochondria and mitophagosome formation in mouse Leydig cells. Transcriptome profiling showed that B[a]P down-regulated the expression of Ndufa9, Ndufa6, Ndufa10, and Ndufa5 in mouse testes, which are identified as critical genes involved in the assembly and functionality of mitochondrial complex I. In the in vitro tests, the bioactive B[a]P metabolite BPDE induced perturbation of testosterone synthesis by NDUFA10-mediated mitochondrial impairment, which was further exacerbated by mitophagy in TM3 Leydig cells. The findings of in silico toxicological analyses were highly consistent with the experimental observations and further unveiled that B[a]P/BPDE-involved PPARα activation could serve as a molecular initiating event to trigger the decline in Ndufa10 expression and testosterone synthesis. Overall, we have shown the first evidence that mitochondrial compromise in Leydig cells is the extremely crucial target in B[a]P-induced steroidogenesis perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haonan Cui
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zili Chai
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fuquan Shi
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Binwei Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xi Ling
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lin Ao
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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95
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Han I, Seo JY, Barr DB, Panuwet P, Yakimavets V, D’Souza PE, An-Han H, Afshar M, Chao YY. Evaluating Indoor Air Phthalates and Volatile Organic Compounds in Nail Salons in the Greater New York City Area: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12411. [PMID: 36231706 PMCID: PMC9566193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Greater New York City area ranks highest in the United States in the number of nail salon technicians, primarily Asian immigrant women. Nail salon technicians are exposed to toxic phthalates and volatile organic compounds daily in nail salons. The purpose of this pilot study was to measure a mixture of phthalates and volatile organic compounds in nail salons in the Greater New York City area, and to characterize work-related determinants of indoor air quality in these nail salons. Working with four Asian nail salon organizations in the Greater New York City area, we measured indoor air phthalates and volatile organic compounds at 20 nail salons from February to May 2021 using silicone wristbands and passive samplers, respectively. Nail salon characteristics were also examined. We measured six phthalates and 31 volatile organic compounds. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Diethyl phthalate had the highest concentrations among the six phthalates measured. Concentrations of toluene, d-limonene, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate were higher than that of the rest. Manicure/pedicure tables, the number of customers per day, and application of artificial nail (acrylic) services were positively associated with the levels of phthalates and volatile organic compounds. Given the large number of people employed in the nail industry and the even larger number of customers visiting such establishments, exposures to these toxic chemicals are likely to be widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jin Young Seo
- Hunter College School of Nursing, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Volha Yakimavets
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Priya Esilda D’Souza
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Heyreoun An-Han
- Gulf Coast Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masoud Afshar
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying-Yu Chao
- School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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96
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Di-n-Butyl Phthalate and Its Monoester Metabolite Impairs Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis in Human Cells: Mechanistic In Vitro Studies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193029. [PMID: 36230992 PMCID: PMC9561974 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread environmental contaminant di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) has been linked with reduced testosterone levels and adverse reproductive health outcomes in men. However, the underlying mechanisms of these anti-androgenic effects and the potential effects on other classes of steroid hormones remain to be elucidated. Here, we conducted mechanistic studies in human adrenocortical H295R cells exposed to 1–500 µM of DBP or its metabolite, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), for 48 h. Quantification of steroid hormones in the cell medium by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that both phthalates significantly decreased testosterone, androstenedione, corticosterone, and progesterone levels, in particular after dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP stimulation of steroidogenesis. Western blot analysis of key steroidogenic proteins showed that DBP induced a dose-dependent decrease of CYP11A1 and HSD3β2 levels, while MBP only significantly decreased CYP17A1 levels, indicating that the compounds affect early steps of the steroidogenesis differently. Both DBP and MBP exposure also lead to a dose-related decrease in HSD17β3, the enzyme which catalyzes the final step in the testosterone biosynthesis pathway, although these effects were not statistically significant. Interestingly, DBP increased the cortisol concentration, which may be due to the non-significant CYP11B1 increase in DBP-exposed cells. In contrast, MBP decreased cortisol concentration. Moreover, the analysis of superoxide generation and quantification of the protein oxidation marker nitrotyrosine demonstrated that DBP induced oxidative stress in H295R cells while MBP reduced protein nitrotyrosine levels. These findings confirm the anti-androgenic effects of DBP and MBP and reveal several differences in their toxicological mechanisms, with possible implications for future research on phthalate toxicity.
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97
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Zhu X, Fu H, Sun J, Di Q, Xu Q. N6-methyladenosine modification on Hmbox1 is related to telomere dysfunction in DEHP-induced male reproductive injury. Life Sci 2022; 309:121005. [PMID: 36174712 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), as an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), can induce male reproductive injury. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a vital role in environmental exposure-induced diseases by regulating gene expression. Therefore, we aim to investigate the role of m6A in DEHP-induced reproductive injury. MAIN METHODS We established an in vivo model of mice exposed to DEHP to explore the effect of DEHP on reproductive injury and m6A. To further explore the molecular mechanism of DEHP toxicity, we built a model of GC-2 cells exposed to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in vitro and further silenced Mettl3 in GC-2cells. Besides, we also conducted MeRIP-qPCR and RIP assays to identify the target genes for m6A modification. KEY FINDINGS DEHP induced testicular injury and senescence. And telomeres shortening, reduced levels of telomere repeat-binding factor 1 (TRF1), TRF2, protection of telomeres 1 (POT1), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) can be observed in DEHP-treated testes. MEHP also induced GC-2 cellular senescence and telomere dysfunction. Besides, increased m6A mediated by METTL3 stabilized homeobox containing 1 (Hmbox1) in an m6A-dependent manner in MEHP-exposed GC-2 cells. Mettl3 knockdown led to lower m6A modification and reduced Hmbox1 stability, resulting in further shortening of telomere length. SIGNIFICANCE our work uncovered that DEHP led to male reproductive injury by telomere dysfunction and m6A modified Hmbox1 contributed to maintaining telomere homeostasis in this process, suggesting that accurate regulation of m6A modification level by drugs has potential value in the treatment of DEHP-induced male reproductive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haowei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiannan Di
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Zhao Y, Chen MS, Wang JX, Cui JG, Zhang H, Li XN, Li JL. Connexin-43 is a promising target for lycopene preventing phthalate-induced spermatogenic disorders. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00203-X. [PMID: 36087924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Male infertility is a multifactorial pathological condition and may be a harbinger of future health. Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have been implicated in the global decline in male fertility. Among them, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most prevalently used. Lycopene (LYC) is a possible preventive and therapeutic agent for male infertility owing to its antioxidant properties. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is formed between Sertoli cells where it creates a unique microenvironment for spermatogenesis. OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that phthalate caused male infertility and LYC plays an important role in phthalate-induced male fertility disorders. METHODS Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, ultrastructure observation, and fluorescence microscopy were used to examine the morphological changes. RNA-Seq, and western blotting were conducted to detect gene and protein levels. Routine testing for sperm morphology and sperm-egg binding assay were conducted to examine the morphological structure and function of sperm. Cell scratch assay and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) were used to detect cell migration capacity and barrier integrity. RESULTS In vivo experiments, we showed that LYC prevented DEHP-induced impairment of BTB integrity, which provided a guarantee for the smooth progress of spermatogenesis. LYC improved DEHP-induced change in sperm parameters and fertilization ability. Subsequent in vitro experiments, LYC alleviated MEHP-induced disruption of intercellular junctions in mouse Spermatogonia cells (GC-1 cells) and mouse Sertoli cells (TM4 cells). In MEHP-induced BTB impairment models of Sertoli cells, treatment with LYC or overexpressing connexin-43 (Cx43) promoted cell migration capacity and normalized BTB integrity. Cx43 knockdown inhibited cell migration capacity and perturbed BTB reassembly in LYC preventing DEHP-induced BTB impairment. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for the role of LYC in phthalates-induced spermatogenic disorders and points to Cx43 as a potential target for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China.
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99
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SOC-VI-05 Risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting cocktail effect from multiexposure to plasticizers of medical devices in the neonatal population. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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100
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Lange R, Vogel N, Schmidt P, Gerofke A, Luijten M, Bil W, Santonen T, Schoeters G, Gilles L, Sakhi AK, Haug LS, Jensen TK, Frederiksen H, Koch HM, Szigeti T, Szabados M, Tratnik JS, Mazej D, Gabriel C, Sarigiannis D, Dzhedzheia V, Karakitsios S, Rambaud L, Riou M, Koppen G, Covaci A, Zvonař M, Piler P, Klánová J, Fábelová L, Richterová D, Kosjek T, Runkel A, Pedraza-Díaz S, Verheyen V, Bastiaensen M, Esteban-López M, Castaño A, Kolossa-Gehring M. Cumulative risk assessment of five phthalates in European children and adolescents. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 246:114052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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