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Zhou Y, Liu Z. Saliva biomarkers in oral disease. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117503. [PMID: 37536520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is a versatile biofluid that contains a wide variety of biomarkers reflecting both physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Saliva collection is noninvasive and highly applicable for tests requiring serial sampling. Furthermore, advances in test accuracy, sensitivity and precision for saliva has improved diagnostic performance as well as the identification of novel markers especially in oral disease processes. These include dental caries, periodontitis, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Numerous growth factors, enzymes, interleukins and cytokines have been identified and are the subject of much research investigation. This review highlights current procedures for successful determination of saliva biomarkers including preanalytical factors associated with sampling, storage and pretreatment as well as subsequent analysis. Moreover, it provides an overview of the diagnostic applications of these salivary biomarkers in common oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Ramachandra SS, Wright P, Han P, Abdal‐hay A, Lee RSB, Ivanovski S. Evaluating models and assessment techniques for understanding oral biofilm complexity. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1377. [PMID: 37642488 PMCID: PMC10464519 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are three-dimensional (3D) complex entities initiating dental diseases and have been evaluated extensively in the scientific literature using several biofilm models and assessment techniques. The list of biofilm models and assessment techniques may overwhelm a novice biofilm researcher. This narrative review aims to summarize the existing literature on biofilm models and assessment techniques, providing additional information on selecting an appropriate model and corresponding assessment techniques, which may be useful as a guide to the beginner biofilm investigator and as a refresher to experienced researchers. The review addresses previously established 2D models, outlining their advantages and limitations based on the growth environment, availability of nutrients, and the number of bacterial species, while also exploring novel 3D biofilm models. The growth of biofilms on clinically relevant 3D models, particularly melt electrowritten fibrous scaffolds, is discussed with a specific focus that has not been previously reported. Relevant studies on validated oral microcosm models that have recently gaining prominence are summarized. The review analyses the advantages and limitations of biofilm assessment methods, including colony forming unit culture, crystal violet, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt assays, confocal microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, scanning electron microscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing. The use of more complex models with advanced assessment methodologies, subject to the availability of equipment/facilities, may help in developing clinically relevant biofilms and answering appropriate research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Sulugodu Ramachandra
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Preventive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryGulf Medical UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Patricia Wright
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Pingping Han
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Abdalla Abdal‐hay
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Engineering Materials and Mechanical Design, Faculty of EngineeringSouth Valley UniversityQenaEgypt
- Faculty of Industry and Energy Technology, Mechatronics Technology ProgramNew Cairo Technological University, New Cairo‐Fifth SettlementCairoEgypt
| | - Ryan S. B. Lee
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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Ribeiro ASP, Marquezin MCS, Pacheco ERP, Rasera I, Klein MI, de Vasconcellos SP, Landgraf RG, Okamoto D, Calixto LA, Castelo PM. Bypass gastroplasty impacts oral health, salivary inflammatory biomarkers, and microbiota: a controlled study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4735-4746. [PMID: 37294353 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge about the impact of gastroplasty on oral health and salivary biomarkers is limited. The aim was to prospectively evaluate oral health status, salivary inflammatory markers, and microbiota in patients undergoing gastroplasty compared with a control group undergoing a dietary program. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty participants with obesity class II/III were included (20 individuals in each sex-matched group; 23-44 years). Dental status, salivary flow, buffering capacity, inflammatory cytokines, and uric acid were assessed. Salivary microbiological analysis (16S-rRNA sequencing) assessed the abundance of genus, species, and alpha diversity. Cluster analysis and mixed-model ANOVA were applied. RESULTS Oral health status, waist-to-hip ratio, and salivary alpha diversity were associated at baseline. A subtle improvement in food consumption markers was observed, although caries activity increased in both groups, and the gastroplasty group showed worse periodontal status after three months. IFNγ and IL10 levels decreased in the gastroplasty group at 3 months, while a decrease was observed in the control group at 6 months; IL6 decreased in both groups (p < 0.001). Salivary flow and buffering capacity did not change. Significant changes in Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas endodontalis abundance were observed in both groups, while alpha diversity (Sobs, Chao1, Ace, Shannon, and Simpson) increased in the gastroplasty group. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions changed in different degrees the salivary inflammatory biomarkers and microbiota, but did not improve the periodontal status after 6 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the observed discrete improvement in dietary habits, caries activity increased with no clinical improvement in the periodontal status, emphasizing the need of oral health monitoring during obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aianne Souto Pizzolato Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Salomé Marquezin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Irineu Rasera
- Faculdade de Ensino Superior da Amazônia Reunida, Av. Brasil, 1435, Redenção, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inês Klein
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Suzan Pantaroto de Vasconcellos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Richardt Gama Landgraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Okamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Calixto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Yoshiba S, Nakagawa H, Kuwata H, Nabuchi A, Yaso A, Shirota T. Metagenomic analysis of oral plaques and aortic valve tissues reveals oral bacteria associated with aortic stenosis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4335-4344. [PMID: 37157029 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacteria derived from the oral cavity enter the bloodstream and cause the onset of various systemic diseases, including heart valve disease. However, information on the oral bacteria involved in aortic stenosis is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS We comprehensively analyzed the microbiota in aortic valve tissues collected from aortic stenosis patients using metagenomic sequencing and investigated the relationships between the valve microbiota, the oral microbiota, and oral cavity conditions. RESULTS Metagenomic analysis revealed the presence of 629 bacterial species in five oral plaques and 15 aortic valve clinical specimens. Patients were classified into two groups (A and B) according to their aortic valve microbiota composition using principal coordinate analysis. Examination of the oral conditions of the patients showed no difference in the decayed/missing/filled teeth index. Bacteria in group B tend to be associated with severe disease, and the number of bacteria on the dorsum of the tongue and the positive rate of bleeding during probing were significantly higher in this group than in group A. The pathophysiology of aortic stenosis may be related to the presence of oral bacteria such as Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus sanguinis following bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS Systemic inflammation in severe periodontitis may be driven by the oral microbiota, supporting the indirect (inflammatory) association between oral bacteria and aortic stenosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Appropriate oral hygiene management may contribute to the prevention and treatment of aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Yoshiba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kuwata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nabuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yaso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shirota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Rocha ST, Shah DD, Zhu Q, Shrivastava A. The prevalence of motility within the human oral microbiota. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549387. [PMID: 37503047 PMCID: PMC10370060 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The human oral and nasal microbiota contains approximately 770 cultivable bacterial species. More than 2000 genome sequences of these bacteria can be found in the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). We developed HOMDscrape, a freely available Python software tool to programmatically retrieve and process amino acid sequences and sequence identifiers from BLAST results acquired from the eHOMD website. Using the data obtained through HOMDscrape, the phylogeny of proteins involved in bacterial flagellar motility, Type 4 pilus driven twitching motility, and Type 9 Secretion system (T9SS) driven gliding motility was constructed. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis was conducted for all components of the rotary T9SS, a machinery responsible for secreting various enzymes, virulence factors, and enabling bacterial gliding motility. Results revealed that the T9SS outer membrane ß-barrel protein SprA of human oral microbes underwent horizontal evolution. Overall, we catalog motile microbes that inhabit the human oral microbiota and document their evolutionary connections. These results will serve as a guide for further studies exploring the impact of motility on shaping of the human oral microbiota.
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Chen TP, Yu HC, Lin WY, Chang YC. The role of microbiome in the pathogenesis of oral-gut-liver axis between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:972-975. [PMID: 37404621 PMCID: PMC10316499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two prevalent non-communicable diseases affecting people worldwide. The delicate interplay between oral microbiome, intestinal barrier, immune system, and liver is susceptible to disruption by environmental and genetic factors which could result in the onset of systemic diseases. The oral-liver and liver-gut axes have been proposed as the possible mechanisms to explain the links among these factors. Many evidences are mounting to support the role of imbalanced interactions between microbiota and immune system in the development of immune-mediated diseases. The emerging concept of the oral-gut-liver axis is gaining recognition as a means to explore the interconnections among NAFLD, periodontitis, and gut dysbiosis. There is substantial evidence indicating that oral and gut dysbiosis are the significant risk factors for liver disease. Therefore, the role of inflammatory mediators in linking these organs cannot be overlooked. Understanding these complex relationships is crucial in the development of effective strategies for the prevention and management of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Po Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chieh Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yuan Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kang EJ, Moon SJ, Lee K, Park IH, Kim JS, Choi YJ. Associations between missing teeth and the risk of cancer in Korea: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:418. [PMID: 37353779 PMCID: PMC10288806 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor dental health is correlated with an increased risk of cancer. Using a nationwide population cohort database, we investigated which cancer is highly associated with poor dental health and which dental indicator mostly influences cancer risk. METHODS This study was conducted using the National Health Checkups (NHC) and National Health Insurance System (NHIS) database in Korea. NHC in Korea includes dental examinations. We retrieved subjects who underwent NHC between 2002 and 2003 and their medical information in NHIS database was followed until December 31,2015. RESULTS Data for 200,170 who participated in the NHC between 2002 and 2003 were analysed. During the maximum follow-up period of 13 years, 15,506 (7.75%) subjects were diagnosed with cancer. The median time to cancer diagnosis after the dental examination was 87 months (range, 51-119 months). The proportion of people with missing teeth was higher in the cancer-diagnosed group than in the non-diagnosed group (26.27% vs. 22.59%, p < 0.001). Among several dental health factors, missing teeth were significantly associated with higher cancer risk. Subjects with missing teeth showed a 12% increased cancer risk compared to those without missing teeth (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.16). The risk was significantly higher, especially in lung, head and neck, pancreatic, liver, biliary, and esophageal cancers (OR 1.27 [95% CI, 1.14-1.41], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.13-1.55], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.02-1.58], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.1-1.4], 1.28 [95% CI, 1.03-1.6], 1.4 [95% CI, 1.04-1.88], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Missing teeth were the most important dental indicator associated with cancer risk. Korean adults with missing teeth should be cautious about the risk of several cancers, particularly head and neck, lung, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148, Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Joo Moon
- Smart Healthcare Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148, Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148, Gurodong-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-Ro Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Wang S, Shang Y, Pi Z, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Ren L, Liang W, Guo Y, Cai J, Zhang C. Temporal Changes of the Oral and Fecal Microbiota after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats by 16S rRNA Sequencing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1452. [PMID: 37374954 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can increase the risk of neurodegenerative-related disease, and serious long-term outcomes are often overlooked. In forensic science, the accurate identification of mTBIs can directly affect the application of evidence in practice cases. Recent research has revealed that the oral cavity and fecal microbiota play a fundamental role in deeply interconnecting the gut and brain injury. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the temporal changes of the oral cavity and fecal bacterial communities with damage identification and post-injury time estimation after mTBI. In this study, we analyzed the oral cavity and fecal bacterial communities in mTBI rats under 12 different post-injury times (sham, 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d post-injury) using 16S rRNA sequencing technology. The sequence results revealed bacteria belonging to 36 phyla, 82 classes, 211 orders, 360 families, 751 genera, and 1398 species. Compared to the sham group, the relative abundance of the bacterial communities varied markedly in the post-injury groups. Importantly, our data demonstrated that Fusobacteria, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae might be the potential candidates for mTBI identification, and 2 h post-injury was a critical time point to explore the temporal changes of mTBI injury-time estimation. The results also provide new ideas for mTBI treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhiyun Pi
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai 200063, China
- School of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Maier T. Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease: Maintaining a Healthy, Balanced Ecosystem and Reversing Dysbiosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1453. [PMID: 37374955 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome is a complex and dynamic assemblage of microorganisms that normally exist within the mouth, contributing to host health via a number of mechanisms, including exclusion of harmful microbes and immune optimization [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Maier
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Zhao T, Chu Z, Chu CH, Dong S, Li G, Wu J, Tang C. Macrophages induce gingival destruction via Piezo1-mediated MMPs-degrading collagens in periodontitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194662. [PMID: 37261355 PMCID: PMC10228731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are an integral part of the innate immune response in periodontal tissue and play a crucial role in the progression of periodontitis. Here we reported that macrophages also provoke periodontitis-induced gingival destruction through Piezol-mediated collagen degradation. We discovered that the PIEZO1 expression was markedly elevated in patients with periodontitis through transcriptomic profiling. Moreover, Piezo1 promoted macrophage polarization toward the M1 type in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and induced production of proinflammatory cytokines, which in turn stimulated production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) leading to collagen degradation. Our study suggests that Piezol might be a potential therapeutic target for treating periodontitis-induced gingival destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Dental Implantology and Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chu
- Department of Dental Implantology and Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Catherine Huihan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Orthodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Dong
- Department of Dental Implantology and Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Dental Implantology and Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Dental Implantology and Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Department of Dental Implantology and Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Anderson AC, von Ohle C, Frese C, Boutin S, Bridson C, Schoilew K, Peikert SA, Hellwig E, Pelz K, Wittmer A, Wolff D, Al-Ahmad A. The oral microbiota is a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: resistome and phenotypic resistance characteristics of oral biofilm in health, caries, and periodontitis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 37179329 PMCID: PMC10183135 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-growing threat to modern medicine and, according to the latest reports, it causes nearly twice as many deaths globally as AIDS or malaria. Elucidating reservoirs and dissemination routes of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are essential in fighting AMR. Human commensals represent an important reservoir, which is underexplored for the oral microbiota. Here, we set out to investigate the resistome and phenotypic resistance of oral biofilm microbiota from 179 orally healthy (H), caries active (C), and periodontally diseased (P) individuals (TRN: DRKS00013119, Registration date: 22.10.2022). The samples were analysed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing combined, for the first time, with culture technique. A selection of 997 isolates was tested for resistance to relevant antibiotics. RESULTS The shotgun metagenomics sequencing resulted in 2,069,295,923 reads classified into 4856 species-level OTUs. PERMANOVA analysis of beta-diversity revealed significant differences between the groups regarding their microbiota composition and their ARG profile. The samples were clustered into three ecotypes based on their microbial composition. The bacterial composition of H and C samples greatly overlapped and was based on ecotypes 1 and 2 whereas ecotype 3 was only detected in periodontitis. We found 64 ARGs conveying resistance to 36 antibiotics, particularly to tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and beta-lactam antibiotics, and a correspondingly high prevalence of phenotypic resistance. Based on the microbiota composition, these ARGs cluster in different resistotypes, and a higher prevalence is found in healthy and caries active than in periodontally diseased individuals. There was a significant association between the resistotypes and the ecotypes. Although numerous associations were found between specific antibiotic resistance and bacterial taxa, only a few taxa showed matching associations with both genotypic and phenotypic analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the importance of the oral microbiota from different niches within the oral cavity as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the present study showed the need for using more than one method to reveal antibiotic resistance within the total oral biofilm, as a clear mismatch between the shotgun metagenomics method and the phenotypic resistance characterization was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Anderson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C von Ohle
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Frese
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Bridson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Schoilew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A Peikert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Pelz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Wolff
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Yano Y, Vogtmann E, Shreves AH, Weinstein SJ, Black A, Diaz-Mayoral N, Wan Y, Zhou W, Hua X, Dagnall CL, Hutchinson A, Jones K, Hicks BD, Wyatt K, Brotzman M, Gerlanc N, Huang WY, Albert PS, Wentzensen N, Abnet CC. Evaluation of alcohol-free mouthwash for studies of the oral microbiome. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284956. [PMID: 37104300 PMCID: PMC10138257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria play important roles in human health and disease. Oral samples collected using ethanol-containing mouthwash are widely used for oral microbiome studies. However, ethanol is flammable and not ideal for transportation/storage in large quantities, and some individuals may avoid ethanol due to the burning sensation or due to various personal, medical, religious, and/or cultural factors. Here, we compared ethanol-free and ethanol-containing mouthwashes using multiple microbiome metrics and assessed the stability of the mouthwash samples stored up to 10 days before processing. Forty volunteers provided oral wash samples collected using ethanol-free and ethanol-containing mouthwashes. From each sample, one aliquot was immediately frozen, one was stored at 4°C for 5 days and frozen, while the third aliquot was stored for 5 days at 4°C and 5 days at ambient temperature to mimic shipping delays and then frozen. DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA gene V4 region was amplified and sequenced, and bioinformatic processing was performed using QIIME 2. Microbiome metrics measured in the two mouthwash types were very similar, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for alpha and beta diversity metrics greater than 0.85. Relative abundances of some taxa were significantly different, but ICCs of the top four most abundant phyla and genera were high (> 0.75) for the comparability of the mouthwashes. Stability during delayed processing was also high for both mouthwashes based on alpha and beta diversity measures and relative abundances of the top four phyla and genera (ICCs ≥ 0.90). These results demonstrate ethanol-free mouthwash performs similarly to ethanol-containing mouthwash for microbial analyses, and both mouthwashes are stable for at least 10 days without freezing prior to laboratory processing. Ethanol-free mouthwash is suitable for collecting and shipping oral wash samples, and these results have important implications for planning future epidemiologic studies of the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yano
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alaina H. Shreves
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norma Diaz-Mayoral
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xing Hua
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Casey L. Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Belynda D. Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Wyatt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michelle Brotzman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicole Gerlanc
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Albert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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D'Ambrosio F, Santella B, Di Palo MP, Giordano F, Lo Giudice R. Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Wearers of Fixed and Removable Implant or Non-Implant-Supported Prostheses in Healthy and Pathological Oral Conditions: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041041. [PMID: 37110463 PMCID: PMC10145620 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral commensal microorganisms perform very important functions such as contributing to the health of the host. However, the oral microbiota also plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of various oral and systemic diseases. The oral microbiome may be characterized by a higher prevalence of some microorganisms than others in subjects with removable or fixed prostheses, depending on oral health conditions, the prosthetic materials used, and any pathological conditions brought about by inadequate prosthetic manufacturing or poor oral hygiene. Both biotic and abiotic surfaces of removable and fixed prostheses can be easily colonized by bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which can become potential pathogens. The oral hygiene of denture wearers is often inadequate, and this can promote oral dysbiosis and the switch of microorganisms from commensal to pathogens. In light of what emerged from this review, fixed and removable dental prostheses on teeth and on implants are subject to bacterial colonization and can contribute to the formation of bacterial plaque. It is of fundamental importance to carry out the daily hygiene procedures of prosthetic products, to design the prosthesis to facilitate the patient's home oral hygiene practices, and to use products against plaque accumulation or capable of reducing oral dysbiosis to improve patients' home oral practices. Therefore, this review primarily aimed to analyze the oral microbiome composition in fixed and removable implant or non-implant-supported prostheses wearers in healthy and pathological oral conditions. Secondly, this review aims to point out related periodontal self-care recommendations for oral dysbiosis prevention and periodontal health maintenance in fixed and removable implant or non-implant-supported prostheses wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Biagio Santella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Di Palo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University Hospital "G. Martino" of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98123 Messina, Italy
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Kendlbacher FL, Bloch S, Hager‐Mair FF, Bacher J, Janesch B, Thurnheer T, Andrukhov O, Schäffer C. Multispecies biofilm behavior and host interaction support the association of Tannerella serpentiformis with periodontal health. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:115-133. [PMID: 35964247 PMCID: PMC10947601 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The recently identified bacterium Tannerella serpentiformis is the closest phylogenetic relative of Tannerella forsythia, whose presence in oral biofilms is associated with periodontitis. Conversely, T. serpentiformis is considered health-associated. This discrepancy was investigated in a comparative study of the two Tannerella species. The biofilm behavior was analyzed upon their addition and of Porphyromonas gingivalis-each bacterium separately or in combinations-to an in vitro five-species oral model biofilm. Biofilm composition and architecture was analyzed quantitatively using real-time PCR and qualitatively by fluorescence in situ hybridization/confocal laser scanning microscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of T. serpentiformis led to a decrease of the total cell number of biofilm bacteria, while P. gingivalis was growth-promoting. This effect was mitigated by T. serpentiformis when added to the biofilm together with P. gingivalis. Notably, T. serpentiformis outcompeted T. forsythia numbers when the two species were simultaneously added to the biofilm compared to biofilms containing T. forsythia alone. Tannerella serpentiformis appeared evenly distributed throughout the multispecies biofilm, while T. forsythia was surface-located. Adhesion and invasion assays revealed that T. serpentiformis was significantly less effective in invading human gingival epithelial cells than T. forsythia. Furthermore, compared to T. forsythia, a higher immunostimulatory potential of human gingival fibroblasts and macrophages was revealed for T. serpentiformis, based on mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory mediators interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor α, and production of the corresponding proteins. Collectively, these data support the potential of T. serpentiformis to interfere with biological processes relevant to the establishment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian L. Kendlbacher
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Susanne Bloch
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Fiona F. Hager‐Mair
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Johanna Bacher
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Bettina Janesch
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive DentistryDivision of Clinical Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyCenter of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
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Chowdhry A, Kapoor P, Bhargava D, Bagga DK. Exploring the oral microbiome: an updated multidisciplinary oral healthcare perspective. Discoveries (Craiova) 2023; 11:e165. [PMID: 37554313 PMCID: PMC10406501 DOI: 10.15190/d.2023.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is home to diverse microbial content, collectively called as the oral microbiome. The latest technological advancements have unraveled the intricacies of the oral microbiome. It can be of great importance for oral health care givers to know the fundamentals and latest developments in the field of the oral microbiome, as oral dysbiosis is associated with many common diseases frequently seen and managed by them. These diseases include dental caries, periodontitis, mucosal diseases (such as oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and systemic lupus erythematosus), oral cancers, and even co-infections related to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of new genomic and molecular biology methodologies has been pivotal for understanding the role of the human microbiome in health and disease. The current review compiles oral microbiome in health and disease with a multidisciplinary dental approach. The insight into the oral microbiome, which is provided dental specialty wise in the current article will initiate and guide researchers of various disciplines in developing microbiome-based therapeutic or prophylactic management strategies, managing public health challenges by microbiome-based boarder interventions and divert resources for preserving and achieving a balanced oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Chowdhry
- School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida (UP), India
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Kapoor
- School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida (UP), India
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Bhargava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida (UP), India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Bagga
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida (UP), India
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Novel Lactotransferrin-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide LF-1 Inhibits the Cariogenic Virulence Factors of Streptococcus mutans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030563. [PMID: 36978430 PMCID: PMC10044700 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously developed a novel lactotransferrin-derived antimicrobial peptide, LF-1, with selective antibacterial activity against the characteristic cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. This study further investigated the effects of LF-1 on the cariogenic virulence factors of S. mutans and evaluated the changes in virulence-associated enzymes and genes; the viability, acidogenicity, and aciduricity of planktonic S. mutans; and initial colonisation and biofilm formation after treatment with LF-1. The method of qRT-PCR was used to evaluate S. mutans virulence-associated gene expression. LF-1 interfered with the cell viability of S. mutans within 6 h. LF-1 inhibited the acidogenicity and aciduricity of S. mutans, with reduced lactic acid production and survival in a lethal acidic environment, and inactivated lactate dehydrogenase and F1F0-ATPase activity. LF-1 decreased surface-adherent S. mutans within 60 min and inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation, where scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed reduced extracellular matrix and bacteria. LF-1 downregulates S. mutans virulence-associated gene expression. LF-1 inhibited the growth and cariogenic virulence factors of S. mutans in vitro with a reduction in key enzymatic activity and downregulation of virulence-associated gene expression. LF-1 has promising application prospects in the fight against S. mutans and dental caries.
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Li Z, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Zheng M, Jiang Z, Zhu Y, Deng S, Li Q, Ni H. Lactobacillus-fermentation enhances nutritional value and improves the inhibition on pancreatic lipase and oral pathogens of edible red seaweed Bangia fusco-purpurea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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68
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Kuraji R, Shiba T, Dong TS, Numabe Y, Kapila YL. Periodontal treatment and microbiome-targeted therapy in management of periodontitis-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with oral and gut dysbiosis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:967-996. [PMID: 36844143 PMCID: PMC9950865 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence from multiple areas proposes that periodontal disease, accompanied by oral inflammation and pathological changes in the microbiome, induces gut dysbiosis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A subgroup of NAFLD patients have a severely progressive form, namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by histological findings that include inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. NASH has a high risk of further progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The oral microbiota may serve as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbiota, and transport of oral bacteria through the gastro-intestinal tract can set up a gut microbiome dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis increases the production of potential hepatotoxins, including lipopolysaccharide, ethanol, and other volatile organic compounds such as acetone, phenol and cyclopentane. Moreover, gut dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability by disrupting tight junctions in the intestinal wall, leading to enhanced translocation of these hepatotoxins and enteric bacteria into the liver through the portal circulation. In particular, many animal studies support that oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a typical periodontopathic bacterium, induces disturbances in glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver with gut dysbiosis. NAFLD, also known as the hepatic phenotype of metabolic syndrome, is strongly associated with metabolic complications, such as obesity and diabetes. Periodontal disease also has a bidirectional relationship with metabolic syndrome, and both diseases may induce oral and gut microbiome dysbiosis with insulin resistance and systemic chronic inflammation cooperatively. In this review, we will describe the link between periodontal disease and NAFLD with a focus on basic, epidemiological, and clinical studies, and discuss potential mechanisms linking the two diseases and possible therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome. In conclusion, it is presumed that the pathogenesis of NAFLD involves a complex crosstalk between periodontal disease, gut microbiota, and metabolic syndrome. Thus, the conventional periodontal treatment and novel microbiome-targeted therapies that include probiotics, prebiotics and bacteriocins would hold great promise for preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD and subsequent complications in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tien S Dong
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, University of California David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
- Sections of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, Professor and Associate Dean of Research, Felix and Mildred Yip Endowed Chair in Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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69
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Xiao X, Liu S, Deng H, Song Y, Zhang L, Song Z. Advances in the oral microbiota and rapid detection of oral infectious diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121737. [PMID: 36814562 PMCID: PMC9939651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the dysregulation of the oral microbiota plays a crucial role in human health conditions, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, other oral infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, bacteremia, and low birth weight. The use of traditional detection methods in conjunction with rapidly advancing molecular techniques in the diagnosis of harmful oral microorganisms has expanded our understanding of the diversity, location, and function of the microbiota associated with health and disease. This review aimed to highlight the latest knowledge in this field, including microbial colonization; the most modern detection methods; and interactions in disease progression. The next decade may achieve the rapid diagnosis and precise treatment of harmful oral microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiao
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Deng
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Liang Zhang,
| | - Zhifeng Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhifeng Song,
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70
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Zhu B, Serrano M, Buck G. The influence of maternal factors on the neonatal microbiome and health. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2485214. [PMID: 36778490 PMCID: PMC9915805 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2485214/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome plays an essential role in human health. However, the influence of maternal factors on the neonatal microbiome remains obscure. Herein, our observations suggest that the neonatal buccal microbiome is similar to the maternal buccal microbiome, but the neonatal gastrointestinal microbiome develops a unique composition at an early stage. The low complexity of the neonatal buccal microbiome is a hallmark of maternal and neonatal health, but that of the neonatal gastrointestinal microbiome is associated with maternal inflammation-related metabolites. Microbial infections in the maternal reproductive tract universally impact the complexity of the neonatal microbiomes, and the body site is most important in modulating the composition of the neonatal microbiomes. Additionally, maternal lipids attenuated the adverse influence of several maternal factors on the neonatal microbiomes. Finally, admission of neonates to the newborn intensive care unit is associated with sub-optimal states of the maternal buccal and rectal microbiomes and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Virginia Commonwealth University
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71
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Bornes RS, Montero J, Correia ARM, Rosa NRDN. Use of bioinformatic strategies as a predictive tool in implant-supported oral rehabilitation: A scoping review. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:322.e1-322.e8. [PMID: 36710172 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The use of bioinformatic strategies is growing in dental implant protocols. The current expansion of Omics sciences and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in implant dentistry applications have not been documented and analyzed as a predictive tool for the success of dental implants. PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review was to analyze how artificial intelligence algorithms and Omics technologies are being applied in the field of oral implantology as a predictive tool for dental implant success. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was followed. A search strategy was created at PubMed and Web of Science to answer the question "How is bioinformatics being applied in the area of oral implantology as a predictive tool for implant success?" RESULTS Thirteen articles were included in this review. Only 3 applied bioinformatic models combining AI algorithms and Omics technologies. These studies highlighted 2 key points for the creation of precision medicine: deep population phenotyping and the integration of Omics sciences in clinical protocols. Most of the studies identified applied AI only in the identification and classification of implant systems, quantification of peri-implant bone loss, and 3-dimensional bone analysis, planning implant placement. CONCLUSIONS The conventional criteria currently used as a technique for the diagnosis and monitoring of dental implants are insufficient and have low accuracy. Models that apply AI algorithms combined with precision methodologies-biomarkers-are extremely useful in the creation of precision medicine, allowing medical dentists to forecast the success of the implant. Tools that integrate the different types of data, including imaging, molecular, risk factor, and implant characteristics, are needed to make a more accurate and personalized prediction of implant success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Silva Bornes
- Guest Lecturer, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal.
| | - Javier Montero
- Full professor in Prosthodontics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - André Ricardo Maia Correia
- Assistant Professor, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Nuno Ricardo das Neves Rosa
- Assistant Professor, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
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Ordinola-Zapata R, Costalonga M, Nixdorf D, Dietz M, Schuweiler D, Lima BP, Staley C. Taxonomic abundance in primary and secondary root canal infections. Int Endod J 2023; 56:278-288. [PMID: 36334085 PMCID: PMC10100057 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the root canal microbiome composition in cases of primary and secondary apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Thirty-nine samples from patients with primary root canal infections obtained before root canal treatment, and 40 samples obtained during root-end resection procedures from previously filled cases with apical periodontitis were evaluated using 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing analysis (NGS). Demographic and clinical factors included age, sex, infection type, percussion sensitivity, and presence of pain. Differences in abundances of genera were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test. Alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated using mothur. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were used to measure alpha diversity. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was used to measure beta diversity. Differences in community composition were evaluated using analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Significantly fewer operational taxonomic units values were observed from samples from secondary infections (p < .0001). While no significant differences were observed in the Chao 1 index between primary and secondary infections, the Shannon alpha diversity was significantly lower in secondary relative to primary infections (p = .008). Among samples, sex, age (adult vs. older adult), percussion sensitivity, and presence of pain all showed no significant effects on community composition via an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). However, community composition was significantly different depending on whether the sample was from a primary or secondary infection (R = .051, p = .03). Nine microbial genera comprised the predominant taxa observed among samples (>3.3%) and included Parvimonas, Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Arachnia, Eubacterium, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Fretibacterirum, and Pseudoramibacter. Significantly greater relative abundances of Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, Lactucaseibacillus, and Dialister were observed in primary infections. CONCLUSIONS Primary endodontic infections are more diverse than secondary infections. The microbial composition is not associated with the clinical manifestations of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ordinola-Zapata
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Donald Nixdorf
- Division of TMJ and Orofacial Pain, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew Dietz
- Division of Basic & Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David Schuweiler
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruno P Lima
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Division of Basic & Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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73
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Pérez-Carrasco V, Uroz-Torres D, Soriano M, Solana C, Ruiz-Linares M, Garcia-Salcedo JA, Arias-Moliz MT. Microbiome in paired root apices and periapical lesions and its association with clinical signs in persistent apical periodontitis using next-generation sequencing. Int Endod J 2023; 56:622-636. [PMID: 36689323 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess and compare the microbiome of paired root apices and periapical lesions from cases with failed endodontic treatment and to associate the microbiome and bacterial metabolic pathways in both sites with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP), using next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODOLOGY Matched root apices and periapical lesions of patients with failed root canal treatments were surgically extracted. Specimens were cryopulverized, bacterial DNA was extracted and the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16 S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. Diversity and community composition were studied in the paired samples, as well as in AAP and SAP cases. Diversity indices were compared in each case by means of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. Differences in the community composition were explored with multivariate statistical analysis and Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe). Bacterial functional study was performed through the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis. RESULTS Twenty-one paired apices and lesions were successfully sequenced and analysed, identifying a total of 21 phyla and 600 genera. A higher alpha-diversity was observed in the periapical lesions, although no global differences in the community composition between the two sites were found (p = .87), the most prevalent genera being Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Streptococcus. Prevotella, Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, Bosea, Phreatobacter, Afipia and Xanthobacteriaceae_unclassified were enriched in SAP samples, while Pseudopropionibacterium, Campylobacter and Peptoniphilus were significantly more abundant in AAP cases (p < .05). Metabolic pathways involved in the amino acid metabolism or degradation and flagellum assembly were more abundant in SAP samples, whereas glucose metabolism-related pathways were associated with AAP. CONCLUSIONS The bacterial community composition was similar in the apices and periapical lesions. The microbiome was different in AAP and SAP samples, gram-negative bacteria showing higher relative abundances in SAP cases. An association was observed between amino acid degradation and flagellum assembly pathways, and the development of tenderness to percussion or palpation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Pérez-Carrasco
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - David Uroz-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Private Practice, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Soriano
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Solana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Private Practice, Granada, Spain
| | - Matilde Ruiz-Linares
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Department of Stomatology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Garcia-Salcedo
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Arias-Moliz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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74
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Zhang W, Qi T, Yao L, Wang W, Yu F, Yan Y, Salama ES, Su S, Bai M. Influence of Environmental Factors on Salivary Microbiota and Their Metabolic Pathway: Next-Generation Sequencing Approach. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:317-329. [PMID: 35018483 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of periodontitis and long-term heavy metal (HM) exposure on the salivary microbiome. The patients were divided into four groups as Wu Wei control (WWC) group involved healthy individuals, Wu Wei periodontitis (WWP) patients having periodontitis, Jing Chang with metal pollution periodontally healthy individuals (JCP), and Kuang periodontitis (KP). The most abundant bacteria identified at the phylum level in the WWC group were Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria. Firmicutes were observed in a significantly higher proportion in the KP group than in the WWC, WWP, and JCP. At the genus level, the WWC has major dominating bacterial genera (such as Leptotrichia, Neisseria, and Fusobacterium) which were similar to WWP and KP group. The significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in alpha diversity while in beta diversity, the significant (p = 0.005) results were found among the four groups. The correlation of oral microbiota revealed that HMs present in the soil (Cr, Ni, and Cu) are associated with the growth of Capnocytophaga, Selenomonas, Aggregatibacter, and Campylobacter. The bacterial functions in the KP group were higher in translation and nucleotide metabolism than in the WWP group. This demonstrated that long-term exposure to HMs can influence the salivary microbiota which can alter the functioning, and diversity of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Healthy Dental Clinic, Healthy Examination & Management Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Qi
- Department of Stomatology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihe Yao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Yu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Yan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochen Su
- Healthy Examination & Management Center, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanzhouGansu, 730000, China.
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75
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Biofilm ecology associated with dental caries: Understanding of microbial interactions in oral communities leads to development of therapeutic strategies targeting cariogenic biofilms. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 122:27-75. [PMID: 37085193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm is a sessile community characterized by cells attached to the surface and organized into a complex structural arrangement. Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent oral disease caused by infection with cariogenic pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans, and associated with frequent exposure to a sugar-rich diet and poor oral hygiene. The virulence of cariogenic biofilms is often associated with the spatial organization of S. mutans enmeshed with exopolysaccharides on tooth surfaces. However, in the oral cavity, S. mutans does not act alone, and several other microbes contribute to cariogenic biofilm formation. Microbial communities in cariogenic biofilms are spatially organized into complex structural arrangements of various microbes and extracellular matrices. The balance of microbiota diversity with reduced diversity and a high proportion of acidogenic-aciduric microbiota within the biofilm is closely related to the disease state. Understanding the characteristics of polymicrobial biofilms and the association of microbial interactions within the biofilm (e.g., symbiosis, cooperation, and competition) in terms of their potential role in the pathogenesis of oral disease would help develop new strategies for interventions in virulent biofilm formation.
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76
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Neilands J, Svensäter G, Boisen G, Robertsson C, Wickström C, Davies JR. Formation and Analysis of Mono-species and Polymicrobial Oral Biofilms in Flow-Cell Models. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2674:33-54. [PMID: 37258958 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3243-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The oral microbiota, which is known to include at least 600 different bacterial species, is found on the teeth and mucosal surfaces as multi-species communities or biofilms. The oral surfaces are covered with a pellicle of proteins absorbed from saliva, and biofilm formation is initiated when primary colonizers, which express surface adhesins that bind to specific salivary components, attach to the oral tissues. Further development then proceeds through co-aggregation of additional species. Over time, the composition of oral biofilms, which varies between different sites throughout the oral cavity, is determined by a combination of environmental factors such as the properties of the underlying surface, nutrient availability and oxygen levels, and bacterial interactions within the community. A complex equilibrium between biofilm communities and the host is responsible for the maintenance of a healthy biofilm phenotype (eubiosis). In the face of sustained environmental perturbation, however, biofilm homeostasis can break down giving rise to dysbiosis, which is associated with the development of oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis.In vitro models have an important part to play in increasing our understanding of the complex processes involved in biofilm development in oral health and disease, and the requirements for experimental system, microbial complexity, and analysis techniques will necessarily vary depending on the question posed. In this chapter we describe some current and well-established methods used in our laboratory for studying oral bacteria in biofilm models which can be adapted to suit the needs of individual users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Neilands
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Boisen
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carolina Robertsson
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes Wickström
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julia R Davies
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Imamura Y, Makita Y, Masuno K, Oh H. Inhibitory Mechanism of IL-6 Production by Orento in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line CAL27 Stimulated by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns from Periodontopathogenic Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010697. [PMID: 36614140 PMCID: PMC9821341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orento is a traditional Japanese medicinal kampo preparation that is also prescribed in oral care. In oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line CAL27, orento significantly inhibited periodontopathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoproteins (PAMP)-stimulated production of interleukin (IL)-6. This suggests that orento negatively regulates PAMP-mediated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Orento significantly suppressed PAMP-stimulated activation of the IL-6 promoter, indicating that orento may suppress the production of IL-6 by PAMP at the transcriptional level. Orento also suppressed TLR-mediated activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) that was stimulated by PAMP. This finding indicates that orento may suppress the function and activation of factors involved in TLR signaling, thereby suppressing NF-kB-dependent expression of various genes. Orento suppressed IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK4), IRAK1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in PAMP-stimulated CAL27 cells. This result indicates that orento is involved in the initiation of TLR signaling by PAMP and suppresses the downstream signaling pathways of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-kB cascades. These findings suggest that orento has an inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Makita
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kazuya Masuno
- Center of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Hourei Oh
- Center of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-864-3171
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78
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Huang N, Li J, Qiao X, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wu C, Li L. Efficacy of probiotics in the management of halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060753. [PMID: 36600415 PMCID: PMC9809225 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halitosis is defined as a foul odour emitted from the oral cavity. Many interventions have been used to control halitosis from mouthwashes to chewing gums. Probiotics have been reported as an alternative method to alleviate halitosis. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on halitosis from a time perspective. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a meta-analysis study performed in indexed databases up to February 2021. Randomised controlled trials that compared the effects of probiotics and placebo on primary outcomes (organoleptic (OLP) scores and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels) and secondary outcomes (tongue coating scores (TCS) and plaque index (PI)) were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Publication bias and leave-one-out analyses were performed. RESULTS The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were calculated to synthesise data. The data were subgrouped and analysed in the short term (≤4 weeks) and long term (>4 weeks) based on the follow-up time. Seven articles were included in this meta-analysis. The primary outcomes, OLP scores (SMD=-0.58; 95% CI -0.87 to -0.30, p<0.0001) and VSC levels (SMD=-0.26; 95% CI -0.51 to -0.01, p=0.04), both decreased significantly in the probiotics group compared with the placebo group in the short term. However, a significant reduction was observed only in OLP scores (SMD=-0.45; 95% CI -0.85 to -0.04, p=0.03) in the long term. No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes. There was no evidence of publication bias. The leave-one-out analysis confirmed that the pooled estimate was stable. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this work, it seems that probiotics (eg, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus reuteri, Streptococcus salivarius and Weissella cibaria) may relieve halitosis in the short term (≤4 weeks). The results of the biased assessment, limited data and heterogeneity of the clinical trials included might reduce the reliability of the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghe Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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79
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Dysbiosis in Head and Neck Cancer: Determining Optimal Sampling Site for Oral Microbiome Collection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121550. [PMID: 36558884 PMCID: PMC9785010 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that dysbiosis of the oral microbial community is associated with head and neck cancer (HNC). It remains unclear whether this dysbiosis causes chemo-radiotherapy (CRT)-related complications. However, to address this question, it is essential to determine the most representative oral site for microbiome sampling. In this study, our purpose was to determine the optimal site for oral sample collection and whether the presence of HNC is associated with altered oral microbiome from this site. In 21 newly diagnosed HNC patients and 27 healthy controls, microbiome samples were collected from saliva, swabs from buccal mucosa, tongue, hard palate, faucial pillars and all mucosal sites combined. Microbial DNA was extracted and underwent 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing. In healthy controls, analysis of observed taxonomic units detected differences in alpha- and beta-diversity between sampling sites. Saliva was found to have the highest intra-community microbial diversity and lowest within-subject (temporal) and between-subject variance. Feature intersection showed that most species were shared between all sites, with saliva demonstrating the most unique species as well as highest overlap with other sites. In HNC patients, saliva was found to have the highest diversity but differences between sites were not statistically significant. Across all sites, HNC patients had lower alpha diversity than healthy controls. Beta-diversity analysis showed HNC patients' microbiome to be compositionally distinct from healthy controls. This pattern was confirmed when the salivary microbiome was considered alone. HNC patients exhibited reduced diversity of the oral microbiome. Salivary samples demonstrate temporal stability, have the richest diversity and are sufficient to detect perturbation due to presence of HNC. Hence, they can be used as representative oral samples for microbiome studies in HNC patients.
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80
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Au S, Baraniya D, Dao J, Awan SB, Alvarez J, Sklar S, Chen T, Puri S, Al-Hebshi NN. Prolonged mask wearing does not alter the oral microbiome, salivary flow rate or gingival health status – A pilot study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1039811. [PMID: 36439237 PMCID: PMC9684305 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1039811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the widespread use of N95 respirators and surgical masks, with anecdotal reports among healthcare providers and the public of xerostomia, halitosis, and gingivitis, a consortium of symptoms colloquially termed “mask mouth”. However, this has not been scientifically verified. The aim of this study was to assess changes in salivary flow rate, gingival health status and oral microbiome associated with prolonged mask use. A total of 25 dental students (mean age = 26.36 ± 1.58) were included in the study and evaluated at three time points: T1, at the end of at least 2 months of full-day mask wear (7.26 ± 1.56 hours/day); T2, at the end of a period of minimal mask use (1.13 ± 1.13 hours/day); and T3, at the end of 2-3 weeks of resuming full-day mask wear (6.93 ± 1.80 hours/day). Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) flow rate, xerostomia (on a quantitative scale of 10), gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were assessed at each time point. The salivary microbiome was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, UWS flow rates were normal (mean of 0.679 ml/min) and xerostomia, PI and GI scores were low (Mean of 3.11, 0.33 and 0.69, respectively) with no significant differences as a result of prolonged mask wearing. Similarly, there were no significant microbial changes at a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05. However, some trends were identified using a nominal p-value cut-off of ≤ 0.01, namely Gemella sanguinis, Streptococcus sp. Oral taxon 066 and Oral taxon 058 were associated with prolonged mask wear. Trends were also seen by gender, race and age, for example an increase in P. gingivalis and P. intermedia with age. In conclusion, we found no evidence that prolonged mask wear adversely affects oral health. The findings support that the oral microbiome of healthy individuals is resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheralyn Au
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Divyashri Baraniya
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Dao
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shehar Bano Awan
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jenelle Alvarez
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shari Sklar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sumant Puri
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nezar N. Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nezar N. Al-Hebshi,
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81
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Ngeow WC, Tan CC, Goh YC, Deliberador TM, Cheah CW. A Narrative Review on Means to Promote Oxygenation and Angiogenesis in Oral Wound Healing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:636. [PMID: 36354548 PMCID: PMC9688034 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosa serves as the primary barrier against pathogen invasions, mechanical stresses, and physical trauma. Although it is generally composed of keratinocytes and held in place by desmosomes, it shows variation in tissue elasticity and surface keratinization at different sites of the oral cavity. Wound healing undergoes four stages of tissue change sequences, namely haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. The wound healing of oral hard tissue and soft tissue is largely dependent on the inflammatory response and vascular response, which are the targets of many research. Because of a less-robust inflammatory response, favourable saliva properties, a unique oral environment, and the presence of mesenchymal stem cells, oral wounds are reported to demonstrate rapid healing, less scar formation, and fewer inflammatory reactions. However, delayed oral wound healing is a major concern in certain populations with autoimmune disorders or underlying medical issues, or those subjected to surgically inflicted injuries. Various means of approach have been adopted to improve wound tissue proliferation without causing excessive scarring. This narrative review reappraises the current literature on the use of light, sound, mechanical, biological, and chemical means to enhance oxygen delivery to wounds. The current literature includes the use of hyperbaric oxygen and topical oxygen therapy, ultrasounds, lasers, platelet-rich plasma (PRP)/platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and various chemical agents such as hyaluronic acid, astaxanthin, and Centella asiatica to promote angiogenesis in oral wound healing during the proliferation process. The arrival of a proprietary oral gel that is reported to improve oxygenation is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheong Ngeow
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chuey Chuan Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yet Ching Goh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Chia Wei Cheah
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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82
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Nausch B, Bittner CB, Höller M, Abramov-Sommariva D, Hiergeist A, Gessner A. Contribution of Symptomatic, Herbal Treatment Options to Antibiotic Stewardship and Microbiotic Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1331. [PMID: 36289988 PMCID: PMC9598931 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial surfaces in humans are home to symbiotic microbes (i.e., microbiota) that influence the defensive function against pathogens, depending on the health of the microbiota. Healthy microbiota contribute to the well-being of their host, in general (e.g., via the gut-brain axis), and their respective anatomical site, in particular (e.g., oral, urogenital, skin, or respiratory microbiota). Despite efforts towards a more responsible use of antibiotics, they are often prescribed for uncomplicated, self-limiting infections and can have a substantial negative impact on the gut microbiota. Treatment alternatives, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may also influence the microbiota; thus, they can have lasting adverse effects. Herbal drugs offer a generally safe treatment option for uncomplicated infections of the urinary or respiratory tract. Additionally, their microbiota preserving properties allow for a more appropriate therapy of uncomplicated infections, without contributing to an increase in antibiotic resistance or disturbing the gut microbiota. Here, herbal treatments may be a more appropriate therapy, with a generally favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Nausch
- Bionorica SE, Research and Development, Kerschensteinerstraße 11-15, 92318 Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany
| | - Claudia B. Bittner
- Bionorica SE, Research and Development, Kerschensteinerstraße 11-15, 92318 Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany
| | - Martina Höller
- Bionorica SE, Research and Development, Kerschensteinerstraße 11-15, 92318 Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany
| | - Dimitri Abramov-Sommariva
- Bionorica SE, Research and Development, Kerschensteinerstraße 11-15, 92318 Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiergeist
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Müller-Heupt LK, Wiesmann N, Schröder S, Korkmaz Y, Vierengel N, Groß J, Dahm R, Deschner J, Opatz T, Brieger J, Al-Nawas B, Kämmerer PW. Extracts of Rheum palmatum and Aloe vera Show Beneficial Properties for the Synergistic Improvement of Oral Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102060. [PMID: 36297494 PMCID: PMC9610717 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various local and systemic factors compromise oral wound healing and may lead to wound dehiscence, inflammation, or ulcers. Currently, there is a lack of topical therapeutical options. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Aloe vera (AV) and Rheum palmatum root (RPR) on oral wound healing capacity in vitro. The effect of AV and RPR on human primary fibroblast viability and migration was studied by measuring metabolic activity and gap closure in a scratch assay. Furthermore, cell cycle distribution and cytoskeletal features were analyzed. Antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis was evaluated by broth microdilution assay. AV and RPR increased fibroblast migration after single agent treatment. Synergistic effects of the plant extract combination were observed regarding cellular migration which were confirmed by calculation of the phenomenological combination index (pCI), whereas the cell cycle distribution was not influenced. Furthermore, the combination of AV and RPR showed synergistic antibacterial effects as determined by the fractional inhibitory concentration index. This study demonstrated that the combination of AV and RPR can promote the migration of human primary fibroblasts in vitro and exert antimicrobial efficacy against P. gingivalis, suggesting these compounds for the topical treatment of wound healing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Katharina Müller-Heupt
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-5086
| | - Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sofia Schröder
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yüksel Korkmaz
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Vierengel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rolf Dahm
- Beratung für Informationssysteme und Systemintegration, Gärtnergasse 1, 55116 Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Juergen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peer W. Kämmerer
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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84
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Ni Q, Dong S, Xing B, Zeng B, Kong F, Xu H, Yao Y, Li D, Zhang M, Fan X, Yang D, Yang M, Xie M. Oral and fecal microbiome of confiscated Bengal slow lorises in response to confinement duration. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:941261. [PMID: 36238588 PMCID: PMC9553000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.941261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow lorises are small arboreal and nocturnal primates. Due to the illegal trade, a large number of slow lorises were confiscated into wildlife sanctuaries or rescue centers. The re-release has been considered a preferable approach for alleviating the captive pressure, but inappropriate and long-term confinement make it difficult to achieve this goal. In this study, we investigated and compared the fecal and oral microbiome of Bengal slow lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis) under long-term captivity (LC) and short-term captivity (SC) groups based on 16s rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing. The oral microbiome displayed higher Chao1 richness but lower Shannon and Simpson indices than the fecal microbiome. The Bengal slow lorises under long-term captivity had abundant pathogenic genera in both gut and oral microbiomes, such as Desulfovibrio, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Neisseria, and Fusobacterium, while some specific bacterial taxa associated with intestinal balance were more enriched in the SC group. Due to the plant gum scarcity in the diet, both groups had a low abundance of Bifidobacterium. Function profile prediction indicated that the LC group was enriched with genetic information processing and metabolism pathways due to the stable food intake. The increased membrane transport and xenobiotic metabolism and degradation functions in the SC group could be explained by the function of the host microbiome in facilitating adaptation to changing environments and diets. The results demonstrated that the oral microbiome had the potential to be used as a regular surveillance tool. Also, current captive management should be improved to ensure reintroduction success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyong Ni,
| | - Shasha Dong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bolin Xing
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanli Kong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Xie
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
- Meng Xie,
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Yuan M, Xu Y, Guo Z. Association of oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221123980. [PMID: 36171810 PMCID: PMC9511312 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221123980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral microbiota reported to be associated with pancreatic diseases, including pancreatic cancer. However, the association of oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer has not been reviewed systematically. OBJECTIVES To systematically investigate the association between the oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer risk. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES AND METHODS Systemic searches were conducted using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases without any language restriction from conception to August 29, 2020. The studies that evaluated the association of oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer risk were included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS The six included studies encompassed a total of 863 pancreatic cancer cases and 906 controls. Four studies reported the overall oral microbiome in pancreatic cancer cases. A total of 12-17 species/clusters were correlated with pancreatic cancer. Three studies reported the odds ratios (ORs) or relative abundance of several oral microbiomes pieces/clusters, and the majority were associated with pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study supports the hypothesis of associations of variations of patients' oral microbiota to pancreatic cancer. Nonetheless, due to all included studies were conducted in USA or Europe, additional original studies and meta-analysis particular studies from other countries are essential for an in-depth investigation into the role of oral bacteria in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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86
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Erythropoietin Activates Autophagy to Regulate Apoptosis and Angiogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via the Akt/ERK1/2/BAD Signaling Pathway under Inflammatory Microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9806887. [PMID: 36199627 PMCID: PMC9527112 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9806887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Angiogenic tissue engineering is a vital problem waiting to be settled for periodontal regeneration. Erythropoietin, a multieffect cytokine, has been reported as a protective factor for cell fate. According to our previous study, erythropoietin has a significantly angiogenic effect on periodontal ligament stem cells. To further explore its potential effects and mechanism, we studied biological behaviors of periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment induced by different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 ng/mL) of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and examined how different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 IU/mL) of erythropoietin changed biological behaviors of periodontal ligament stem cells. Materials and Methods. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used for cell proliferation assay. Annexin V-PI-FITC was used for cell apoptosis through flow cytometry. Matrigel plug was adopted to measure the angiogenic capacity in vitro. RNA sequencing was used to detect the downstream signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine mRNA expression level. Western blot and immunofluorescence were applied to testify the protein expression level. Results. Periodontal ligament stem cells upregulated apoptosis and suppressed autophagy and angiogenesis under inflammatory microenvironment. Erythropoietin could activate autophagy to rescue apoptosis and angiogenesis levels of periodontal ligament stem cells through the Akt/Erk1/2/BAD signaling pathway under inflammatory microenvironment. Conclusions. Erythropoietin could protect periodontal ligament stem cells from inflammatory microenvironment, which provided a novel theory for periodontal regeneration.
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87
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Joe P, Clemente JC, Piras E, Wallach DS, Robinson-Papp J, Boka E, Remsen B, Bonner M, Kimhy D, Goetz D, Hoffman K, Lee J, Ruby E, Fendrich S, Gonen O, Malaspina D. An integrative study of the microbiome gut-brain-axis and hippocampal inflammation in psychosis: Persistent effects from mode of birth. Schizophr Res 2022; 247:101-115. [PMID: 34625336 PMCID: PMC8980116 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism producing psychosis appears to include hippocampal inflammation, which could be associated with the microbiome-gut-brain-axis (MGBS). To test this hypothesis we are conducting a multidisciplinary study, herein described. The procedures are illustrated with testing of a single subject and group level information on the impact of C-section birth are presented. METHOD Study subjects undergo research diagnostic interviews and symptom assessments to be categorized into one of 3 study groups: psychosis, nonpsychotic affective disorder or healthy control. Hippocampal volume and metabolite concentrations are assessed using 3-dimensional, multi-voxel H1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRSI) encompassing all gray matter in the entire hippocampal volume. Rich self-report information is obtained with the PROMIS interview, which was developed by the NIH Commons for research in chronic conditions. Early trauma is assessed and cognition is quantitated using the MATRICS. The method also includes the most comprehensive autonomic nervous system (ANS) battery used to date in psychiatric research. Stool and oral samples are obtained for microbiome assessments and cytokines and other substances are measured in blood samples. RESULTS Group level preliminary data shows that C-section birth is associated with higher concentrations of GLX, a glutamate related hippocampal neurotransmitter in psychotic cases, worse symptoms in affective disorder cases and smaller hippocampal volume in controls. CONCLUSION Mode of birth appears to have persistent influences through adulthood. The methodology described for this study will define pathways through which the MGBA may influence the risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Joe
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrica Piras
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Wallach
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Emeka Boka
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brooke Remsen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mharisi Bonner
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kimhy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Goetz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Hoffman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakleen Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene Ruby
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Fendrich
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Health Care Incentives & Behavioral Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oded Gonen
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
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Davidovich NV, Galieva AS, Opravin AS, Gagarina TY, Malygina OG, Leikhter SN, Bashilova EN, Bazhukova TA. Correlation of marker periodontopathogenic bacteria with the immune component sCD 14 secretion level in inflammatory periodontal diseases. Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:471-475. [PMID: 36095084 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-8-471-475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is a highly active biological substance: its interaction with toll-like receptors-4 (TLR-4) of myeloid cells leads to the activation of a cascade of inflammatory reactions, which is accompanied by the release of the soluble CD14 receptor (sCD14), which can be considered not only as a marker of cell activation by endotoxin, but also as a marker of microbial translocation. The aim of the work was to assess the prognostic significance of the sCD14 level in the samples of the periodontal pocket in inflammatory periodontal diseases and the relationship of its secretion with marker periodontopathogens. For the study, washes were obtained from the periodontal pocket (88 samples in total) from patients with chronic periodontitis and intact periodontium. The sCD14 content was determined by ELISA; during real-time PCR, the marker periodontopathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Candida albicans were isolated. The study revealed differences in the level of sCD14 secretion by groups: in chronic periodontitis, its content was 8,5 times higher than in the control group and amounted to 17,2±4,06 ng/ml (p=0,006). The frequency of detecting genes of periodontal pathogenic bacteria was 89,3% in patients with periodontitis and 31,25% in the group with intact periodontium. An interesting dependence of the detection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis was established depending on the content of sCD14. Thus, at high concentrations of soluble coreceptor, a greater number of periodontopathogenic bacteria of the I and II orders were released. Thus, in inflammatory periodontal diseases, the processes of sCD14 synthesis change, which is probably due to the colonization of periodontal pathogenic bacteria and the action of their toxins and aggression factors. The relationship of marker periodontopathogens with the level of secretion of the immune component sCD14 and its effect on the structure of the periodontal index reflect shifts in the processes of reparative regeneration of the oral mucosa and the regulation of local immunity in response to microbial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A S Galieva
- FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A S Opravin
- FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - T Yu Gagarina
- FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - O G Malygina
- FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - S N Leikhter
- FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E N Bashilova
- FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - T A Bazhukova
- FSBEI HE Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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Sampath C, Harris EP, Berthaud V, Tabatabai MA, Wilus DM, Crayton MA, Moss K, Webster-Cyriaque J, Southerland JH, Koethe JR, Gangula PR. Periodontal Treatment Reduces Circulating Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in African American HIV+ Individuals with Virological Suppression. JOURNAL OF DENTAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 8:477-487. [PMID: 36274905 PMCID: PMC9583701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal Disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory disease, is highly prevalent among Persons Living With HIV (PLWH) and is characterized by microbial symbiosis and oxidative stress. Our hypothesis stipulates that periodontal therapy attenuates systemic inflammatory and bacterial burden while improving periodontal status in PLWH. Methods Sixteen African Americans (AA) with suppressed HIV viremia on long-term Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) were recruited to this study. Participants were placed into two groups, based on their dental care status: group 1 (In-Care, IC) and group 2 (Out of Care, OC). Periodontal health was investigated at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Cytokine/chemokines, microbial phyla, and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA, a marker for endothelial cell dysfunction) levels were assessed in the serum. Statistical comparisons between groups and at different visits were performed using multiple comparison tests. Results Across longitudinal visits, periodontal treatment significantly reduced the levels of several cytokines and chemokines. At baseline, the out of care group had significantly higher blood levels of ADMA and actinobacteria than the IC group. Periodontal treatment significantly altered the abundance of circulating genomic bacterial DNA for various phyla in out of care group. Conclusions Periodontal treatment interventions effectively attenuated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and altered microbial translocation, both critical drivers of systemic inflammation in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sampath
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research in Biochemistry Meharry Medical College, School of Dentistry, USA
| | - E P Harris
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research in Biochemistry Meharry Medical College, School of Dentistry, USA
- Meharry Community Wellness Center, USA
| | | | - M A Tabatabai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Graduate Studies and Research, USA
| | - D M Wilus
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, USA
| | - M A Crayton
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research in Biochemistry Meharry Medical College, School of Dentistry, USA
| | - K Moss
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, USA
| | | | - J H Southerland
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - J R Koethe
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - P R Gangula
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences & Research in Biochemistry Meharry Medical College, School of Dentistry, USA
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90
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Sultana S, Parvin R, Parvin MS, Islam MT, Bari ASM, Chowdhury EH. Prevalence of Methicillin and β−Lactamase Resistant Pathogens Associated with Oral and Periodontal Disease of Children in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080890. [PMID: 36015011 PMCID: PMC9414569 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral and periodontal diseases (OPD) is considered one of the main problems of dentistry worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral and periodontal pathogenic bacteria along with their antimicrobial resistance pattern in 131 children patients aged between 4–10 years who attended in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during October 2019 to March 2020. OPD pathogens were identified through isolation, cultural and biochemical properties, and nucleic acid detection. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 antibiotics commonly used in dentistry. In addition, the isolates were analyzed molecularly for the presence of six virulence and three antibacterial resistance genes. Five pathogens were identified, of which Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (49%) and S. salivarius (46%) were noticed frequently; other bacteria included S. mutans (16.8%), S. sobrinus (0.8%) and L. fermentum (13.7%). The virulence genes—clumping factor A (clfA) was detected in 62.5% isolates of S. aureus, and gelatinase enzyme E (gelE) gene was detected in 5% isolates of S. salivarius, while other virulence genes were not detected. All the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant. The overall prevalence of MDR S. aureus, Streptococcus spp. and L. fermentum was 92.2%, 95.1% and 100%, respectively. It was observed that a high proportion of isolates were found resistant to 5–8 antibiotics. A majority of S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and L. fermentum isolates tested positive for the β−lactamase resistance genes blaTEM and cfxA, as well as the methicillin resistance gene mecA. Phylogenetically, the resistance genes showed variable genetic character among Bangladeshi bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, S. aureus and S. salivarius were major OPD pathogens in patients attended in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh, and most were Beta-lactam and methicillin resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Sonia Parvin
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Taohidul Islam
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Saleh Mahfuzul Bari
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
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Johnstone KF, Herzberg MC. Antimicrobial peptides: Defending the mucosal epithelial barrier. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:958480. [PMID: 35979535 PMCID: PMC9376388 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.958480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent epidemic caused by aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 virus illustrates the importance and vulnerability of the mucosal epithelial barrier against infection. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are key to the epithelial barrier, providing immunity against microbes. In primitive life forms, AMPs protect the integument and the gut against pathogenic microbes. AMPs have also evolved in humans and other mammals to enhance newer, complex innate and adaptive immunity to favor the persistence of commensals over pathogenic microbes. The canonical AMPs are helictical peptides that form lethal pores in microbial membranes. In higher life forms, this type of AMP is exemplified by the defensin family of AMPs. In epithelial tissues, defensins, and calprotectin (complex of S100A8 and S100A9) have evolved to work cooperatively. The mechanisms of action differ. Unlike defensins, calprotectin sequesters essential trace metals from microbes, which inhibits growth. This review focuses on defensins and calprotectin as AMPs that appear to work cooperatively to fortify the epithelial barrier against infection. The antimicrobial spectrum is broad with overlap between the two AMPs. In mice, experimental models highlight the contribution of both AMPs to candidiasis as a fungal infection and periodontitis resulting from bacterial dysbiosis. These AMPs appear to contribute to innate immunity in humans, protecting the commensal microflora and restricting the emergence of pathobionts and pathogens. A striking example in human innate immunity is that elevated serum calprotectin protects against neonatal sepsis. Calprotectin is also remarkable because of functional differences when localized in epithelial and neutrophil cytoplasm or released into the extracellular environment. In the cytoplasm, calprotectin appears to protect against invasive pathogens. Extracellularly, calprotectin can engage pathogen-recognition receptors to activate innate immune and proinflammatory mechanisms. In inflamed epithelial and other tissue spaces, calprotectin, DNA, and histones are released from degranulated neutrophils to form insoluble antimicrobial barriers termed neutrophil extracellular traps. Hence, calprotectin and other AMPs use several strategies to provide microbial control and stimulate innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C. Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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92
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Saavedra FM, Pelepenko LE, Boyle WS, Zhang A, Staley C, Herzberg MC, Marciano MA, Lima BP. In vitro physicochemical characterization of five root canal sealers and their influence on an ex vivo oral multi-species biofilm community. Int Endod J 2022; 55:772-783. [PMID: 35383959 PMCID: PMC9321831 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the physicochemical properties of five root canal sealers and assess their effect on an ex vivo dental plaque-derived polymicrobial community. METHODOLOGY Dental plaque-derived microbial communities were exposed to the sealers (AH Plus [AHP], GuttaFlow Bioseal [GFB], Endoseal MTA [ESM], Bio-C sealer [BCS] and BioRoot RCS [BRR]) for 3, 6 and 18 h. The sealers' effect on the biofilm biomass and metabolic activity was quantified using crystal violet (CV) staining and MTT assay, respectively. Biofilm community composition and morphology were assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), 16S rRNA sequencing and scanning electron microscopy. The ISO6876:2012 specifications were followed to determine the setting time, radiopacity, flowability and solubility. Obturated acrylic teeth were used to assess the sealers' effect on pH. Surface chemical characterization was performed using SEM with coupled energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. One-way anova and Tukey's tests were used to analyze data from setting time, radiopacity, flowability and solubility. Two-way anova and Dunnett's tests were used for the data analysis from CV, MTT and pH. 16S rRNA sequencing data were analyzed for alpha (Shannon index and Chao analysis) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities). Differences in community composition were evaluated by analysis of similarity (p < .05). RESULTS The sealers significantly influenced microbial community composition and morphology. All sealers complied with ISO6876:2012 requirements for setting time, radiopacity and flowability. Although only AHP effectively reduced the biofilm biomass, all sealers, except BRR, reduced biofilm metabolic activity. CONCLUSION Despite adequate physical properties, none of the sealers tested prevented biofilm growth. Significant changes in community composition were observed. If observed in vivo, these changes could affect intracanal microbial survival, pathogenicity and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M. Saavedra
- Department of Restorative DentistrySchool of Dentistry of PiracicabaState University of CampinasPiracicabaBrazil
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Lauter E. Pelepenko
- Department of Restorative DentistrySchool of Dentistry of PiracicabaState University of CampinasPiracicabaBrazil
| | - William S. Boyle
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB)School of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Division of Basic & Translational ResearchDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Mark C. Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Marina A. Marciano
- Department of Restorative DentistrySchool of Dentistry of PiracicabaState University of CampinasPiracicabaBrazil
| | - Bruno P. Lima
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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93
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Zhu J, Chu W, Luo J, Yang J, He L, Li J. Dental Materials for Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis: An Update. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:900918. [PMID: 35846759 PMCID: PMC9280126 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.900918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance or dysbiosis of the microbial community is a major factor in maintaining human health or causing disease. The unique microenvironment of the oral cavity provides optimal conditions for colonization and proliferation of microbiota, regulated through complex biological signaling systems and interactions with the host. Once the oral microbiota is out of balance, microorganisms produce virulence factors and metabolites, which will cause dental caries, periodontal disease, etc. Microbial metabolism and host immune response change the local microenvironment in turn and further promote the excessive proliferation of dominant microbes in dysbiosis. As the product of interdisciplinary development of materials science, stomatology, and biomedical engineering, oral biomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in regulating the balance of the oral microbiome and treating oral diseases. In this perspective, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of oral microbiota dysbiosis and introduce emerging materials focusing on oral microbiota dysbiosis in recent years, including inorganic materials, organic materials, and some biomolecules. In addition, the limitations of the current study and possible research trends are also summarized. It is hoped that this review can provide reference and enlightenment for subsequent research on effective treatment strategies for diseases related to oral microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenlin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaojiao Yang, ; Libang He,
| | - Libang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaojiao Yang, ; Libang He,
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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94
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Stockslager MA, Kocher JF, Arwood L, Stasko N, McDonald RA, Tapsak MA, Emerson D. Efficacy and hazards of 425 nm oral cavity light dosing to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. J Dent 2022; 123:104203. [PMID: 35724941 PMCID: PMC9212724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Using a battery of preclinical tests to support development of a light-based treatment for COVID-19, establish a range of 425 nm light doses that are non-hazardous to the tissues of the oral cavity and assess whether a 425 nm light dose in this non-hazardous range can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in artificial saliva. Methods The potential hazards to oral tissues associated with a range of acute 425 nm light doses were assessed using a battery of four preclinical tests: (1) cytotoxicity, using well-differentiated human large airway and buccal epithelial models; (2) toxicity to commensal oral bacteria, using a panel of model organisms; (3) light-induced histopathological changes, using ex vivo porcine esophageal tissue, and (4) thermal damage, by dosing the oropharynx of intact porcine head specimens. Then, 425 nm light doses established as non-hazardous using these tests were evaluated for their potential to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in artificial saliva. Results A dose range was established at which 425 nm light is not cytotoxic in well-differentiated human large airway or buccal epithelial models, is not cytotoxic to a panel of commensal oral bacteria, does not induce histopathological damage in ex vivo porcine esophageal tissue, and does not induce thermal damage to the oropharynx of intact porcine head specimens. Using these tests, no hazards were observed for 425 nm light doses less than 63 J/cm2 delivered at irradiance less than 200 mW/cm2. A non-hazardous 425 nm light dose in this range (30 J/cm2 at 50 mW/cm2) was shown to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in vitro in artificial saliva. Conclusion Preclinical hazard assessments and SARS-CoV-2 inactivation efficacy testing were combined to guide the development of a 425 nm light-based treatment for COVID-19. Clinical significance The process used here to evaluate the potential hazards associated with 425 nm acute light dosing of the oral cavity to treat COVID-19 can be extended to other wavelengths, anatomical targets, and therapeutic applications to accelerate the development of novel photomedicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob F Kocher
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC 27703
| | - Leslee Arwood
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC 27703
| | - Nathan Stasko
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC 27703
| | | | - Mark A Tapsak
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC 27703
| | - David Emerson
- EmitBio Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd, Suite 470, Durham, NC 27703.
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95
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A potential oral microbiome signature associated with coronary artery disease in Tunisia. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231418. [PMID: 35695679 PMCID: PMC9251586 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronary artery disease is a chronic inflammatory disease involving genetic as well as environmental factors. Recent evidence suggests that the oral microbiome has a significant role in triggering atherosclerosis. The present study assessed the oral microbiome composition variation between coronary patients and healthy subjects in order to identify a potential pathogenic signature associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We performed metagenomic profiling of salivary microbiomes by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. Oral microbiota profiling was performed for 30 individuals including 20 patients with CAD and 10 healthy individuals without carotid plaques or previous stroke or myocardial infarction.We found that oral microbial communities in patients and healthy controls are represented by similar global core oral microbiome. The predominant taxa belonged to Firmicutes (genus Streptococcus, Veillonella, Granulicatella, Selenomonas), Proteobacteria (genus Neisseria, Haemophilus), Actinobacteria (genus Rothia), Bacteroidetes (genus Prevotella, Porphyromonas) and Fusobacteria (genus Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia). More than 60% relative abundance of each sample for both CAD patients and controls is represented by three major genera including Streptococcus (24.97% and 26.33%), Veillonella (21.43% and 19.91%) and Neisseria (14.23% and 15.33%). Using penalized regression analysis, the bacterial genus Eikenella was involved as the major discriminant genus for both status and Syntax score of CAD. We also reported a significant negative correlation between Syntax score and Eikenella abundance in coronary patients' group (Spearman rho =-0.68, p= 0.00094). In conclusion, the abundance of Eikenella in oral coronary patient samples compared to controls could be a prominent pathological indicator for the development of CAD.
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96
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Santonocito S, Giudice A, Polizzi A, Troiano G, Merlo EM, Sclafani R, Grosso G, Isola G. A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System's Response during Periodontitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122426. [PMID: 35745156 PMCID: PMC9227938 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, studies on the oral microbiome have increased awareness that the balance between the host and the microbial species that coexist in it is essential for oral health at all stages of life. However, this balance is extremely difficult to maintain, and many factors can disrupt it: general eating habits, sugar consumption, tobacco smoking, oral hygiene, and use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials. It is now known that alterations in the oral microbiota are responsible for developing and promoting many oral diseases, including periodontal disease. In this context, diet is an area for further investigation as it has been observed that the intake of particular foods, such as farmed animal meat, dairy products, refined vegetable oils, and processed cereals, affects the composition of the microbiota, leading to an increased representation of acid-producing and acid-tolerant organisms and periodontal pathogens. However, little is known about the influence of diet on the oral microbiome and the creation of a suitable microenvironment for the development of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study is to evaluate current knowledge on the role of diet in the oral dysbiosis underlying periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Santonocito
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (R.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Unit of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (R.S.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-095-378-2638 (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Maria Merlo
- Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rossana Sclafani
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (R.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-095-378-2638 (A.P.)
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (R.S.); (G.I.)
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97
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Early Childhood Caries Is Causally Attributed to Developing Psychomotor Deficiency in Pre-School Children: The Resultant Covariate and Confounder Analyses in a Longitudinal Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116831. [PMID: 35682412 PMCID: PMC9180166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Causality has recently been suggested to associate early childhood caries with psychomotor deficiency in preschoolers, where their causal interactions via other risk determinants remain unclear. Methods: To analyze such causality, we randomly recruited 123 three-to-six-year-old children in a three-year longitudinal study, where the caries/dmft measures, age/gender, BMI, amended comprehensive scales for psychomotor development (CCDI-aspects), parental education/vocation, and diet were collected for assessment of their inter-relationships. Subsequently, t-tests, multiple/linear-regressions, and R2-analyses were utilized to compare the differences of variables between age/gender, BMI, and dmft vs. relationships among all variables and CCDI-aspects. Results: In the regression modeling, there were significant differences between gender vs. age (p < 0.05; not BMI) regarding established associations between caries and CCDI manifests for psychomotor deficiency. As for diet vs. socio-economic status, there were significant differences when caries/dmft were at lower- vs. higher-scales (<4 and 6−10), associated with expressive language and comprehension-concept (p~0.0214−0.0417) vs. gross-motor and self-help (p~0.0134−0.0486), respectively. Moreover, diet vs. socio-economic-status contributed significantly different CCDI-spectra via expressive language and comprehension-concept (adjusted-R2~0.0220−0.2463) vs. gross-motor and self-help (adjusted-R2~0.0645−0.0994), respectively, when the caries detected were at lower- vs. higher-scales (<4 and 6−10), in contrast to those depicted without both SES diet variables (adjusted-R2~0.0641−0.0849). Conclusion: These new findings confirm that early childhood caries is causally attributed to developing psychomotor deficiency in preschoolers, whereas biological gender/age, not BMI, may act as viable confounders during interactions, in contrast to diet and socio-economic status, via differential low−high scales of caries activity with significant interference, respectively. Collectively, ECC-psychomotor interactions may underpin some distinct biologic vs. socio-mental/psyche attributes towards different determinants for vulnerable children.
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98
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Kitamoto S, Kamada N. Periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation: Microbiological and immunological mechanisms. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:142-153. [PMID: 35244953 PMCID: PMC9018512 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humans have coevolved with the trillions of resident microbes that populate every nook and cranny of the body. At each site, the resident microbiota creates a unique ecosystem specialized to its environment, benefiting the development and maintenance of human physiology through harmonious symbiotic relationships with the host. However, when the resident microbiota is perturbed, significant complications may arise with disastrous consequences that affect the local and distant ecosystems. In this context, periodontal disease results in inflammation beyond the oral cavity, such as in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence indicates that potentially harmful oral resident bacteria (referred to as pathobionts) and pathogenic immune cells in the oral mucosa can migrate to the lower gastrointestinal tract and contribute to intestinal inflammation. We will review the most recent advances concerning the periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation from microbiological and immunological perspectives. Potential therapeutic approaches that target the connection between the mouth and the gut to treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, will be examined. Deciphering the complex interplay between microbes and immunity along the mouth-gut axis will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of both oral and gut pathologies and present therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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99
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Chen H, Xie H, Shao D, Chen L, Chen S, Wang L, Han X. Oral Microbiota, a Potential Determinant for the Treatment Efficacy of Gastric Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Humans. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:227-239. [PMID: 35676833 PMCID: PMC9252142 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity serves as another reservoir for gastric Helicobacter pylori and may contribute to the failure of gastric H. pylori eradication therapy. However, changes to the oral microbial composition after gastric H. pylori eradication therapy has not yet been identified. This study aims to dissect whether the oral microbiota is involved and which bacterium mediates the clinic failure in H. pylori eradication. In the present study, the oral microorganisms from patients who had received the gastric H. pylori eradication treatment were analyzed by a high-throughput 16S rRNA deep sequencing. We found that the β diversity and composition of oral microbiota were remarkably changed in the patients who had experienced successful gastric H. pylori eradication treatment (SE group) compared to the failure group (FE group). Significantly enriched families, including Prevotellaceae, Streptococcaceae, Caulobacteraceae, and Lactobacillaceae, were detected in the SE group. In contrast, the bacterial families, such as Weeksellaceae, Neisseriaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Spirochaetaceae, and Veillonellaceae, were abundantly expressed in the FE group. Five operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were positively correlated with DOB values, while two OTUs exhibited negative trends. These different enriched OTUs were extensively involved in the 20 metabolic pathways. These results suggest that a balanced environment in the oral microbiota contributes to H. pylori eradication and metabolic homeostasis in humans. Our data demonstrated that the changes in oral microbiota might contribute to the therapeutic effects of antibiotic therapy. Therefore, a different therapy on the detrimental oral microbiota will increase the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics on H. pylori infection. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Liju Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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100
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Citizen-science reveals changes in the oral microbiome in Spain through age and lifestyle factors. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:38. [PMID: 35585074 PMCID: PMC9117221 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of the human oral microbiome to our understanding of human health has grown in recent years as microbiome studies continue to develop. Given the links of the oral cavity with the digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems, the composition of the oral microbiome is relevant beyond just oral health, impacting systemic processes across the body. However, we still have a very limited understanding about intrinsic and extrinsic factors that shape the composition of the healthy oral microbiome. Here, we followed a citizen-science approach to assess the relative impact on the oral microbiome of selected biological, social, and lifestyle factors in 1648 Spanish individuals. We found that the oral microbiome changes across age, with middle ages showing a more homogeneous composition, and older ages showing more diverse microbiomes with increased representation of typically low abundance taxa. By measuring differences within and between groups of individuals sharing a given parameter, we were able to assess the relative impact of different factors in driving specific microbial compositions. Chronic health disorders present in the analyzed population were the most impactful factors, followed by smoking and the presence of yeasts in the oral cavity. Finally, we corroborate findings in the literature that relatives tend to have more similar oral microbiomes, and show for the first time a similar effect for classmates. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors jointly shape the oral microbiome. Comparative analysis of metabarcoding data from a large sample set allows us to disentangle the individual effects.
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