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Kobayashi T, Chanmee T, Itano N. Hyaluronan: Metabolism and Function. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1525. [PMID: 33171800 PMCID: PMC7695009 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major polysaccharide component of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronan plays essential roles in the organization of tissue architecture and the regulation of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation and migration, through interactions with cell-surface receptors and binding molecules. Metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and degradation tightly control the turnover rate, concentration, and molecular size of hyaluronan in tissues. Despite the relatively simple chemical composition of this polysaccharide, its wide range of molecular weights mediate diverse functions that depend on molecular size and tissue concentration. Genetic engineering and pharmacological approaches have demonstrated close associations between hyaluronan metabolism and functions in many physiological and pathological events, including morphogenesis, wound healing, and inflammation. Moreover, emerging evidence has suggested that the accumulation of hyaluronan extracellular matrix and fragments due to the altered expression of hyaluronan synthases and hyaluronidases potentiates cancer development and progression by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. In addition to the well-known functions exerted by extracellular hyaluronan, recent metabolomic approaches have also revealed that its synthesis can regulate cellular functions via the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. This review highlights the current advances in knowledge on the biosynthesis and catabolism of hyaluronan and describes the diverse functions associated with hyaluronan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kobayashi
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan;
| | - Theerawut Chanmee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Naoki Itano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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Imbert PRC, Saric A, Pedram K, Bertozzi CR, Grinstein S, Freeman SA. An Acquired and Endogenous Glycocalyx Forms a Bidirectional "Don't Eat" and "Don't Eat Me" Barrier to Phagocytosis. Curr Biol 2020; 31:77-89.e5. [PMID: 33096038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages continuously survey their environment in search of pathogens or apoptotic corpses or debris. Targets intended for clearance expose ligands that initiate their phagocytosis ("eat me" signals), while others avoid phagocytosis by displaying inhibitory ligands ("don't eat me" signals). We report that such ligands can be obscured by the glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins that coat pathogenic as well as malignant phagocytic targets. In addition, a reciprocal barrier of self-synthesized or acquired glycocalyx components on the macrophage surface shrouds phagocytic receptors, curtailing their ability to engage particles. The coating layers of macrophages and their targets hinder phagocytosis by both steric and electrostatic means. Their removal by enzymatic means is shown to markedly enhance phagocytic efficiency. In particular, we show that the removal of mucins, which are overexpressed in cancer cells, facilitates their clearance. These results shed light on the physical barriers that modulate phagocytosis, which have been heretofore underappreciated. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R C Imbert
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Amra Saric
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Jou IM, Wu TT, Hsu CC, Yang CC, Huang JS, Tu YK, Lee JS, Su FC, Kuo YL. High molecular weight form of hyaluronic acid reduces neuroinflammatory response in injured sciatic nerve via the intracellular domain of CD44. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:673-680. [PMID: 32924257 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory response after peripheral nerve injury is required for clearance of tissue debris and effective regeneration. Studies have revealed that hyaluronic acid (HA) may exert different properties depending on their molecular size. High molecular weight HA (>>1,000 kDa; HMW-HA) displays immunosuppressive properties, whereas low molecular weight HA (<800 kDa; LMW-HA) induces proinflammatory responses. The role of HMW-HA interaction with CD44, a major HA receptor, in neuroinflammatory responses has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of topical applications of HMW-HA on the sciatic nerve injury in an adult rat model. At the crush site on the sciatic nerve, the recordings of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and the levels of several proteins related to inflammatory response were assessed at time intervals of 2, 4, and 6 weeks postsurgery. Here, we show that the recovery effect of HMW-HA treatment had significantly shortened latency and increased amplitude of CMAP compared with crushed alone, crushed plus γ-secretase inhibitor with or without HA treatment at 6 weeks after surgery. Our data reveal that HMW-HA could downregulate the expression of IL1-β, TLR4, and MMP-9, whereas these proteins expression were increased when the CD44-ICD activity was inhibited using γ-secretase inhibitor. Our findings demonstrated a novel role of CD44-ICD in HA-mediated recovery of peripheral nerve injury. Clinical relevance: an alternative for the regeneration of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Shun Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Chin Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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54
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Huth S, Huth L, Marquardt Y, Fietkau K, Dahl E, Esser PR, Martin SF, Heise R, Merk HF, Baron JM. Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 5 (ITIH5) Is a Natural Stabilizer of Hyaluronan That Modulates Biological Processes in the Skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 33:198-206. [PMID: 32799206 DOI: 10.1159/000509371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the skin that exerts a variety of biological functions. Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain (ITIH) proteins comprise a family of hyaladherins of which ITIH5 has recently been described in skin, where it plays a functional role in skin morphology and inflammatory skin diseases including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVE The current study focused on the ITIH5-HA interaction and its potential clinical and functional impact in extracellular matrix (ECM) stabilization. METHODS Studying the molecular effects of ITIH5 in skin, we established skin models comprising murine skin cells of Itih5 knockout mice and corresponding wild-type controls. In addition, human dermal fibroblasts with an ITIH5 knockdown as well as a murine recombinant Itih5 protein were established to examine the interaction between ITIH5 and HA using in vitro adhesion and HA degradation assays. To understand more precisely the role of ITIH5 in inflammatory skin diseases such as ACD, we generated ITIH5 knockout cells of the KeratinoSens® cell line. RESULTS Using murine skin models, ITIH5 knockdown fibroblasts, and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated HA degradation assay, we proved that ITIH5 binds to HA, thereby acting as a stabilizer of HA. Moreover, microarray profiling revealed the impact of ITIH5 on biological processes such as skin development and ECM homeostasis. Performing the in vitro KeratinoSens skin sensitization assay, we detected that ITIH5 decreases the sensitizing potential of moderate and strong contact sensitizers. CONCLUSION Taken together, our experiments revealed that ITIH5 forms complexes with HA, thereby on the one hand stabilizing HA and facilitating the formation of ECM structures and on the other hand modulating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Huth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,
| | - Laura Huth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Marquardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Heise
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans F Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Malte Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Abatangelo G, Vindigni V, Avruscio G, Pandis L, Brun P. Hyaluronic Acid: Redefining Its Role. Cells 2020; 9:E1743. [PMID: 32708202 PMCID: PMC7409253 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of several unexpected complex biological roles of hyaluronic acid (HA) has promoted new research impetus for biologists and, the clinical interest in several fields of medicine, such as ophthalmology, articular pathologies, cutaneous repair, skin remodeling, vascular prosthesis, adipose tissue engineering, nerve reconstruction and cancer therapy. In addition, the great potential of HA in medicine has stimulated the interest of pharmaceutical companies which, by means of new technologies can produce HA and several new derivatives in order to increase both the residence time in a variety of human tissues and the anti-inflammatory properties. Minor chemical modifications of the molecule, such as the esterification with benzyl alcohol (Hyaff-11® biomaterials), have made possible the production of water-insoluble polymers that have been manufactured in various forms: membranes, gauzes, nonwoven meshes, gels, tubes. All these biomaterials are used as wound-covering, anti-adhesive devices and as scaffolds for tissue engineering, such as epidermis, dermis, micro-vascularized skin, cartilage and bone. In this review, the essential biological functions of HA and the applications of its derivatives for pharmaceutical and tissue regeneration purposes are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Abatangelo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - V. Vindigni
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (V.V.); (L.P.)
| | - G. Avruscio
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Angiology Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - L. Pandis
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (V.V.); (L.P.)
| | - P. Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Histology unit, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
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56
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Wight TN, Kang I, Evanko SP, Harten IA, Chang MY, Pearce OMT, Allen CE, Frevert CW. Versican-A Critical Extracellular Matrix Regulator of Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:512. [PMID: 32265939 PMCID: PMC7105702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan, versican increases along with other ECM versican binding molecules such as hyaluronan, tumor necrosis factor stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), and inter alpha trypsin inhibitor (IαI) during inflammation in a number of different diseases such as cardiovascular and lung disease, autoimmune diseases, and several different cancers. These interactions form stable scaffolds which can act as "landing strips" for inflammatory cells as they invade tissue from the circulation. The increase in versican is often coincident with the invasion of leukocytes early in the inflammatory process. Versican interacts with inflammatory cells either indirectly via hyaluronan or directly via receptors such as CD44, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), and toll-like receptors (TLRs) present on the surface of immune and non-immune cells. These interactions activate signaling pathways that promote the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6, and NFκB. Versican also influences inflammation by interacting with a variety of growth factors and cytokines involved in regulating inflammation thereby influencing their bioavailability and bioactivity. Versican is produced by multiple cell types involved in the inflammatory process. Conditional total knockout of versican in a mouse model of lung inflammation demonstrated significant reduction in leukocyte invasion into the lung and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression. While versican produced by stromal cells tends to be pro-inflammatory, versican expressed by myeloid cells can create anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironments. Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment often contains elevated levels of versican. Perturbing the accumulation of versican in tumors can inhibit inflammation and tumor progression in some cancers. Thus versican, as a component of the ECM impacts immunity and inflammation through regulating immune cell trafficking and activation. Versican is emerging as a potential target in the control of inflammation in a number of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Evanko
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ingrid A. Harten
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Y. Chang
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Oliver M. T. Pearce
- Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carys E. Allen
- Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles W. Frevert
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Shi K, Huang Y, Huang L, Wang J, Wang Y, Feng G, Liu L, Song Y. [Research progress of hydrogel used for regeneration of nucleus pulposus in intervertebral disc degeneration]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:275-284. [PMID: 32174070 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201907092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the research progress of hydrogels for the regeneration and repair of degenerative intervertebral disc and to investigate the potential of hydrogels in clinical application. Methods The related literature about the role of hydrogels in intervertebral disc degeneration especially for nucleus pulposus was reviewed and analyzed. Results Hydrogels share similar properties with nucleus pulposus, and it plays an important role in the regeneration and repair of degenerative intervertebral disc, which can be mainly applied in nucleus pulposus prosthesis, hydrogel-based cell therapy, non-cellular therapy, and tissue engineering repair. Conclusion Hydrogels are widely used in the regeneration and repair of intervertebral disc, which provides a potential treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shi
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yong Huang
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Leizhen Huang
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Ganjun Feng
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Limin Liu
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yueming Song
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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Li Y, Ma Q, Li P, Wang J, Wang M, Fan Y, Wang T, Wang C, Wang T, Zhao B. Proteomics reveals different pathological processes of adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle under insulin resistance. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6441-6461. [PMID: 32115712 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) is its core pathological mechanism. Proteomics is an ingenious and promising Omics technology that can comprehensively describe the global protein expression profiling of body or specific tissue, and is widely applied to the study of molecular mechanisms of diseases. In this paper, we focused on insulin target organs: adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, and analyzed the different pathological processes of IR in these three tissues based on proteomics research. By literature studies, we proposed that the main pathological processes of IR among target organs were diverse, which showed unique characteristics and focuses. We further summarized the differential proteins in target organs which were verified to be related to IR, and discussed the proteins that may play key roles in the emphasized pathological processes, aiming at discovering potentially specific differential proteins of IR, and providing new ideas for pathological mechanism research of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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59
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Burla F, Sentjabrskaja T, Pletikapic G, van Beugen J, Koenderink GH. Particle diffusion in extracellular hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1366-1376. [PMID: 31939987 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid is an abundant polyelectrolyte in the human body that forms extracellular hydrogels in connective tissues. It is essential for regulating tissue biomechanics and cell-cell communication, yet hyaluronan overexpression is associated with pathological situations such as cancer and multiple sclerosis. Due to its enormous molecular weight (in the range of millions of Daltons), accumulation of hyaluronan hinders transport of macromolecules including nutrients and growth factors through tissues and also hampers drug delivery. However, the exact contribution of hyaluronan to tissue penetrability is poorly understood due to the complex structure and molecular composition of tissues. Here we reconstitute biomimetic hyaluronan gels and systematically investigate the effects of gel composition and crosslinking on the diffusion of microscopic tracer particles. We combine ensemble-averaged measurements via differential dynamic microscopy with single-particle tracking. We show that the particle diffusivity depends on the particle size relative to the network pore size and also on the stress relaxation dynamics of the network. We furthermore show that addition of collagen, the other major biopolymer in tissues, causes the emergence of caged particle dynamics. Our findings are useful for understanding macromolecular transport in tissues and for designing biomimetic extracellular matrix hydrogels for drug delivery and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Burla
- AMOLF, Department of Living Matter, Biological Soft Matter group, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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60
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Shortt C, Luyt LG, Turley EA, Cowman MK, Kirsch T. A Hyaluronan-binding Peptide (P15-1) Reduces Inflammatory and Catabolic Events in IL-1β-treated Human Articular Chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1441. [PMID: 31996703 PMCID: PMC6989647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA). It stimulates catabolic events in articular chondrocytes and prevents chondrogenic precursor cells from repairing cartilage lesions, leading to accelerated cartilage degradation. Therefore, the identification of novel factors that reduce catabolic events in chondrocytes and enhances chondrogenic differentiation of precursor cells in an inflammatory environment may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA. The goal of this study was to determine whether a hyaluronan (HA)-binding peptide (P15-1), via interacting with high molecular weight (HMW)HA can enhance the anti-inflammatory properties of HMWHA and decrease catabolic events in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-treated human articular chondrocytes. Treatment with P15-1 decreased catabolic events and stimulated anabolic events in articular chondrocytes cultured in an inflammatory environment. P15-1 pre-mixed with HMWHA was more effective in inhibiting catabolic events and stimulating anabolic events than P15-1 or HMWHA alone. Our findings suggest that P15-1 together with HMWHA inhibits catabolic events in articular chondrocytes via the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and increasing the thickness of the pericellular matrix (PCM) around chondrocytes thereby decreasing catabolic signaling. Finally, conditioned medium from IL-1β and P15-1-treated human articular chondrocytes was less inhibitory for chondrogenic differentiation of precursor cells than conditioned medium from chondrocytes treated with IL-1β alone. In conclusion, P15-1 is proposed to function synergistically with HMWHA to enhance the protective microenvironment for chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells during inflammation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Shortt
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- FoodMarble Digestive Health, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eva A Turley
- The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thorsten Kirsch
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA.
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61
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Reeves SR, Barrow KA, Rich LM, White MP, Shubin NJ, Chan CK, Kang I, Ziegler SF, Piliponsky AM, Wight TN, Debley JS. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection of Human Lung Fibroblasts Induces a Hyaluronan-Enriched Extracellular Matrix That Binds Mast Cells and Enhances Expression of Mast Cell Proteases. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3159. [PMID: 32047499 PMCID: PMC6997473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) treated with the viral mimetic polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) form an extracellular matrix (ECM) enriched in hyaluronan (HA) that avidly binds monocytes and lymphocytes. Mast cells are important innate immune cells in both asthma and acute respiratory infections including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); however, the effect of RSV on HA dependent mast cell adhesion and/or function is unknown. To determine if RSV infection of HLFs leads to the formation of a HA-enriched ECM that binds and enhances mast cell activity primary HLFs were infected with RSV for 48 h prior to leukocyte binding studies using a fluorescently labeled human mast cell line (LUVA). Parallel HLFs were harvested for characterization of HA production by ELISA and size exclusion chromatography. In separate experiments, HLFs were infected as above for 48 h prior to adding LUVA cells to HLF wells. Co-cultures were incubated for 48 h at which point media and cell pellets were collected for analysis. The role of the hyaladherin tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) was also assessed using siRNA knockdown. RSV infection of primary HLFs for 48 h enhanced HA-dependent LUVA binding assessed by quantitative fluorescent microscopy. This coincided with increased HLF HA synthase (HAS) 2 and HAS3 expression and decreased hyaluronidase (HYAL) 2 expression leading to increased HA accumulation in the HLF cell layer and the presence of larger HA fragments. Separately, LUVAs co-cultured with RSV-infected HLFs for 48 h displayed enhanced production of the mast cell proteases, chymase, and tryptase. Pre-treatment with the HA inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and neutralizing antibodies to CD44 (HA receptor) decreased mast cell protease expression in co-cultured LUVAs implicating a direct role for HA. TSG-6 expression was increased over the 48-h infection. Inhibition of HLF TSG-6 expression by siRNA knockdown led to decreased LUVA binding suggesting an important role for this hyaladherin for LUVA adhesion in the setting of RSV infection. In summary, RSV infection of HLFs contributes to inflammation via HA-dependent mechanisms that enhance mast cell binding as well as mast cell protease expression via direct interactions with the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucille M Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maria P White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicholas J Shubin
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Adrian M Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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62
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Sapudom J, Nguyen KT, Martin S, Wippold T, Möller S, Schnabelrauch M, Anderegg U, Pompe T. Biomimetic tissue models reveal the role of hyaluronan in melanoma proliferation and invasion. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1405-1417. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01636h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic matrix models demonstrate the role of the size-dependent effect of hyaluronan in melanoma progression and reveal an alternative explanation forin vivofindings of hyaluronan dependent melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
- Germany
| | - Khiet-Tam Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology
- Venerology and Allergology
- Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
- Germany
| | - Steve Martin
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
- Germany
| | - Tom Wippold
- Department of Dermatology
- Venerology and Allergology
- Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
- Germany
| | | | | | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology
- Venerology and Allergology
- Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
- Germany
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
- Germany
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63
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de Melo BAG, França CG, Dávila JL, Batista NA, Caliari-Oliveira C, d'Ávila MA, Luzo ÂCM, Lana JFSD, Santana MHA. Hyaluronic acid and fibrin from L-PRP form semi-IPNs with tunable properties suitable for use in regenerative medicine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110547. [PMID: 32228935 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autologous leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) has been widely used in local applications for cartilage and bone regeneration. The association between L-PRP and HA confers structural and rheological changes that differ among individual biomaterials but has not been investigated. Therefore, the standardization and characterization of L-PRP-HA are important to consider when comparing performance results to improve future clinical applications. To this end, we prepared semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) of L-PRP and HA and characterized their polymerization kinetics, morphology, swelling ratio, stability and rheological behavior, which we found to be tunable according to the HA molar mass (MM). Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (h-AdMSCs) seeded in the semi-IPNs had superior viability and chondrogenesis and osteogenesis capabilities compared to the viability and capabilities of fibrin. We have demonstrated that the preparation of the semi-IPNs under controlled mixing ensured the formation of cell-friendly hydrogels rich in soluble factors and with tunable properties according to the HA MM, rendering them suitable for clinical applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Alice Gomes de Melo
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Giometti França
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luis Dávila
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-860 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilza Alzira Batista
- Orthopaedic Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Akira d'Ávila
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-860 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Helena Andrade Santana
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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64
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Sammarco G, Shalaby M, Elangovan S, Petti L, Roda G, Restelli S, Arena V, Ungaro F, Fiorino G, Day AJ, D'Alessio S, Vetrano S. Hyaluronan Accelerates Intestinal Mucosal Healing through Interaction with TSG-6. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091074. [PMID: 31547322 PMCID: PMC6769700 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has proven to be beneficial in the treatment of several diseases. Recently, it has been shown that the local application of HA (IBD98E) improves endoscopic and clinical outcomes in subjects with active distal ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms by which this polysaccharide exerts its beneficial effects are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that HA treatment in vitro and in vivo improved mucosal healing by accelerating intestinal epithelial regeneration. Indeed, mice treated with HA showed a faster recovery from colitis and reduced endoscopic signs of mucosal inflammation compared to those receiving saline. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed less ulcerated mucosa in mice treated with HA, characterized by re-epithelialized areas. TSG-6, the secreted product of TNF-stimulated gene-6, is an HA-binding protein shown previously to have tissue-protective properties and promote wound healing. Mucosal levels of TSG-6 increased in UC patients compared to the healthy controls and also after wounding in mice. TSG-6 deletion prevented the beneficial properties of HA in mucosal wound repair, suggesting that the interaction of HA with TSG-6 is crucial for intestinal epithelial regeneration. Overall these results are consistent with HA having a therapeutic effect via the promotion of mucosal healing in patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Sammarco
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mohammad Shalaby
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sudharshan Elangovan
- Genomics Division, Wipro Life Sciences laboratory, WIPRO Limited, Bengaluru 560035, Karnataka, India.
| | - Luciana Petti
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Roda
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Restelli
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00147 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Ungaro
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy.
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Silvia D'Alessio
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy.
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65
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Petrey AC, Obery DR, Kessler SP, Zawerton A, Flamion B, de la Motte CA. Platelet hyaluronidase-2 regulates the early stages of inflammatory disease in colitis. Blood 2019; 134:765-775. [PMID: 31262781 PMCID: PMC6716076 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018893594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are specialized cells essential for hemostasis that also function as crucial effectors capable of mediating inflammatory and immune responses. These sentinels continually survey their environment and discriminate between homeostatic and danger signals such as modified components of the extracellular matrix. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a major extracellular matrix component that coats the vascular lumen and, under normal conditions, restricts access of inflammatory cells. In response to tissue damage, the endothelial HA matrix enhances leukocyte recruitment and regulates the early stages of the inflammatory response. We have shown that platelets can degrade HA from the surface of activated endothelial cells via the enzyme hyaluronidase-2 (HYAL2) and that HYAL2 is deficient in platelets isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Platelets are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic disease states, including IBD, but they have been largely overlooked in the context of intestinal inflammation. We therefore wanted to define the mechanism by which platelet HYAL2 regulates the inflammatory response during colitis. In this study, we provide evidence that HA catabolism is disrupted in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells isolated from patients with IBD. Furthermore, mice deficient in HYAL2 are more susceptible to an acute model of colitis, and this increased susceptibility is abrogated by transfusion of HYAL2-competent platelets. Finally, we show that platelets, via HYAL2-dependent degradation of endothelial HA, regulate the early stages of inflammation in colitis by limiting leukocyte extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Petrey
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Dana R Obery
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Sean P Kessler
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Ash Zawerton
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Bruno Flamion
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carol A de la Motte
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; and
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66
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improve the molecular phenotype of isolated rat lungs during ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019; 38:1306-1316. [PMID: 31530458 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury contributes to the development of severe complications in patients undergoing transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) exert beneficial actions comparable to those of MSCs without the risks of the cell-based strategy. This research investigated EV effects during IR injury in isolated rat lungs. METHODS An established model of 180-minutes ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) was used. At 60 minutes EVs (n = 5) or saline (n = 5) were administered. Parallel experiments used labeled EVs to determine EV biodistribution (n = 4). Perfusate samples were collected to perform gas analysis and to assess the concentration of nitric oxide (NO), hyaluronan (HA), inflammatory mediators, and leukocytes. Lung biopsies were taken at 180 minutes to evaluate HA, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), gene expression, and histology. RESULTS Compared with untreated lungs, EV-treated organs showed decreased vascular resistance and a rise of perfusate NO metabolites. EVs prevented the reduction in pulmonary ATP caused by IR. Increased medium-high-molecular-weight HA was detected in the perfusate and in the lung tissue of the IR + EV group. Significant differences in cell count on perfusate and tissue samples, together with induction of transcription and synthesis of chemokines, suggested EV-dependent modulation of leukocyte recruitment. EVs upregulated genes involved in the resolution of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biodistribution analysis showed that EVs were retained in the lung tissue and internalized within pulmonary cells. CONCLUSIONS This study shows multiple novel EV influences on pulmonary energetics, tissue integrity, and gene expression during IR. The use of cell-free therapies during EVLP could constitute a valuable strategy for reconditioning and repair of injured lungs before transplantation.
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67
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Has2 natural antisense RNA and Hmga2 promote Has2 expression during TGFβ-induced EMT in breast cancer. Matrix Biol 2019; 80:29-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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68
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Vigani B, Rossi S, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Caramella CM, Ferrari F. Hyaluronic acid and chitosan-based nanosystems: a new dressing generation for wound care. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:715-740. [PMID: 31215823 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1634051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main goal in the management of chronic wounds is the development of multifunctional dressings able to promote a rapid recovery of skin structure and function, improving patient compliance. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the use of nanosystems, based on hyaluronic acid and chitosan or their derivatives for the local treatment of chronic wounds. The bioactive properties of both polysaccharides will be described, as well as the results obtained in the last decade by the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the wound healing properties of nanosystems based on such polymers. EXPERT OPINION In the last decades, there has been a progressive change in the local treatments of chronic wounds: traditional inert dressings have been replaced by more effective bioactive ones, based on biopolymers taking part in wound healing and able to release the loaded active agents in a controlled way. With the advance of nanotechnologies, the scenario has further changed: nanosystems, characterized by a large area-to-volume ratio, show an improved interaction with the biological substrates, amplifying the activity of the constituent biopolymers. In the coming years, a deeper insight into wound healing mechanisms and the development of new techniques for nanosystem manufacturing will results in the design of new scaffolds with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vigani
- a Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- a Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | | | | | | | - Franca Ferrari
- a Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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69
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Spinelli FM, Vitale DL, Icardi A, Caon I, Brandone A, Giannoni P, Saturno V, Passi A, García M, Sevic I, Alaniz L. Hyaluronan preconditioning of monocytes/macrophages affects their angiogenic behavior and regulation of TSG-6 expression in a tumor type-specific manner. FEBS J 2019; 286:3433-3449. [PMID: 31044513 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a glycosaminoglycan normally present in the extracellular matrix in most tissues. Hyaluronan is a crucial player in many processes associated with cancer, such as angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, little has been reported regarding the action of hyaluronan on monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MØ) in tumor angiogenesis and its consequences on tumor development. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hyaluronan of different sizes on human Mo/MØ angiogenic behavior in colorectal and breast carcinoma. In vitro, the treatment of Mo/MØ with lysates and conditioned media from a breast but not from colorectal carcinoma cell line plus high-molecular weight hyaluronan induced: (a) an increased expression of angiogenic factors VEGF, IL-8, FGF-2, and MMP-2, (b) an increased endothelial cell migration, and (c) a differential expression of hyaluronan-binding protein TSG-6. Similar results were observed in Mo/MØ derived from breast cancer patients treated with tumor lysates. Besides, macrophages primed with high-molecular weight hyaluronan and inoculated in human breast cancer xenograft tumor increased blood vessel formation and diminished TSG-6 levels. In contrast, the effects triggered by high-molecular weight hyaluronan on Mo/MØ in breast cancer context were not observed in the context of colorectal carcinoma. Taken together, these results indicate that the effect of high-molecular weight hyaluronan as an inductor of the angiogenic behavior of macrophages in breast tumor context is in part consequence of the presence of TSG-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella M Spinelli
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | - Daiana L Vitale
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | - Antonella Icardi
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | - Ilaria Caon
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italia
| | - Alejandra Brandone
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr. Abraham F. Piñeyro, Junín, Argentina
| | | | - Virginia Saturno
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr. Abraham F. Piñeyro, Junín, Argentina
| | - Alberto Passi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italia
| | - Mariana García
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, IIMT - CONICET, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
| | - Ina Sevic
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | - Laura Alaniz
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA, UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
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70
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Davies HS, Baranova NS, El Amri N, Coche-Guérente L, Verdier C, Bureau L, Richter RP, Débarre D. An integrated assay to probe endothelial glycocalyx-blood cell interactions under flow in mechanically and biochemically well-defined environments. Matrix Biol 2019; 78-79:47-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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71
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Tavianatou AG, Caon I, Franchi M, Piperigkou Z, Galesso D, Karamanos NK. Hyaluronan: molecular size-dependent signaling and biological functions in inflammation and cancer. FEBS J 2019; 286:2883-2908. [PMID: 30724463 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a linear nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix that plays a pivotal role in a variety of biological processes. High-molecular weight HA exhibits different biological properties than oligomers and low-molecular weight HA. Depending on their molecular size, HA fragments can influence cellular behavior in a different mode of action. This phenomenon is attributed to the different manner of interaction with the HA receptors, especially CD44 and RHAMM. Both receptors can trigger signaling cascades that regulate cell functional properties, such as proliferation migration, angiogenesis, and wound healing. HA fragments are able to enhance or attenuate the HA receptor-mediated signaling pathways, as they compete with the endogenous HA for binding to the receptors. The modulation of these pathways could be crucial for the development of pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer. The primary goal of this review is to critically present the importance of HA molecular size on cellular signaling, functional cell properties, and morphology in normal and pathological conditions, including inflammation and cancer. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G Tavianatou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Ilaria Caon
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) /Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | | | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) /Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
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72
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Ni K, Gill A, Cao D, Koike K, Schweitzer KS, Garantziotis S, Petrache I. Intravascular heavy chain-modification of hyaluronan during endotoxic shock. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 17:114-121. [PMID: 30623115 PMCID: PMC6307094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, the covalent linking of the ubiquitous extracellular polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) with the heavy chains (HC) of the serum protein inter alpha inhibitor (IαI) is exclusively mediated by the enzyme tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-stimulated-gene-6 (TSG-6). While significant advances have been made regarding how HC-modified HA (HC-HA) is an important regulator of inflammation, it remains unclear why HC-HA plays a critical role in promoting survival in intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia while exerting only a modest role in the outcomes following intratracheal exposure to LPS. To address this gap, the two models of intraperitoneal LPS-induced endotoxic shock and intratracheal LPS-induced acute lung injury were directly compared in TSG-6 knockout mice and littermate controls. HC-HA formation, endogenous TSG-6 activity, and inflammatory markers were assessed in plasma and lung tissue. TSG-6 knockout mice exhibited accelerated mortality during endotoxic shock. While both intraperitoneal and intratracheal LPS induced HC-HA formation in lung parenchyma, only systemically-induced endotoxemia increased plasma TSG-6 levels and intravascular HC-HA formation. Cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells secreted TSG-6 in response to both TNFα and IL1β stimulation, indicating that, in addition to inflammatory cells, the endothelium may secrete TSG-6 into circulation during systemic inflammation. These data show for the first time that LPS-induced systemic inflammation is uniquely characterized by significant vascular induction of TSG-6 and HC-HA, which may contribute to improved outcomes of endotoxemia. HC-HA deficiency accelerated mortality after IP LPS, but only modestly affected IT LPS outcomes. Both intratracheal (IT) and intraperitoneal (IP) LPS triggered lung HC-HA formation. IP LPS, but not IT LPS instillation induced intravascular TSG-6 and HC-HA. Intravascular HC-HA formation may be protective against LPS-induced injury.
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Key Words
- ALI, acute lung injury
- AM, alveolar macrophage
- CXCL2, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- Endotoxic shock
- HA, hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan)
- HC, heavy chain (IαI)
- Hyaluronic acid
- Inter-alpha-inhibitor
- IαI, inter-alpha-inhibitor
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Mega-Da, megaDalton
- PαI, Pre-α-inhibitor
- Serum-derived hyaluronan-associated protein
- TBW, total body weight
- TNFα stimulated gene 6
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α;
- TSG-6, TNFα-stimulated gene-6
- hAM, human alveolar macrophages
- hTSG-6, human TSG-6
- kDa, kiloDalton
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ni
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amar Gill
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Danting Cao
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kengo Koike
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kelly S Schweitzer
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Medina CO, Nagy N, Bollyky PL. Extracellular matrix and the maintenance and loss of peripheral immune tolerance in autoimmune insulitis. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 55:22-30. [PMID: 30248522 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to both the maintenance of immune tolerance in healthy tissues and to its loss at sites of autoimmunity. Here, we review recent literature on the role of ECM and particularly the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronan and heparan sulfate in the development of autoimmune, type 1 diabetes (T1D). Data from transplant models suggest that healthy islets are embedded within an intact ECM that supports beta-cell homeostasis and provides physical and immunoregulatory barriers against immune infiltration. However, studies of human insulitis as well as the non-obese diabetic (NOD) and DORmO mouse models of T1D indicate that autoimmune insulitis is associated with the degradation of basement membrane structures, the catabolism of the islet interstitium, and the accumulation of a hyaluronan-rich, pro-inflammatory ECM. Moreover, in these models of autoimmune diabetes, either the pharmacologic inhibition of heparan sulfate catabolism, the reduction of hyaluronan synthesis, or the targeting of the pathways that sense these ECM changes can all prevent beta-cell destruction. Together these data support an emerging paradigm that in healthy islets the local ECM contributes to both immune tolerance and beta-cell homeostasis while in chronic inflammation the islet ECM is permissive to immune infiltration and beta-cell destruction. Therapies that support ECM-mediated 'barrier tolerance' may have potential as adjunctive agents in combination regimens designed to prevent or treat autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Medina
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
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74
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Reeves SR, Kang I, Chan CK, Barrow KA, Kolstad TK, White MP, Ziegler SF, Wight TN, Debley JS. Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells promote the establishment of a Hyaluronan-enriched, leukocyte-adhesive extracellular matrix by lung fibroblasts. Respir Res 2018; 19:146. [PMID: 30071849 PMCID: PMC6090698 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation is a hallmark of asthma. Alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) hyaluronan (HA) content have been shown to modulate the recruitment and retention of inflammatory cells. Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) regulate the activity of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs); however, their contribution in regulating HLF production of HA in asthma is unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BECs from asthmatic children promote the generation of a pro-inflammatory, HA-enriched ECM by HLFs, which promotes the retention of leukocytes. Methods BECs were obtained from well-characterized asthmatic and healthy children ages 6–18 years. HLFs were co-cultured with BECs for 96 h and samples were harvested for analysis of gene expression, synthesis and accumulation of HA, and subjected to a leukocyte adhesion assay with U937 monocytes. Results We observed increased expression of HA synthases HAS2 and HAS3 in HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated greater total accumulation and increased synthesis of HA by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs compared to healthy BEC/HLF co-cultures. ECM generated by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs displayed increased HA-dependent adhesion of leukocytes in a separate in vitro binding assay. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that BEC regulation of HA production by HLFs is altered in asthma, which may in turn promote the establishment of a more leukocyte-permissive ECM promoting airway inflammation in this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0849-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. .,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tessa K Kolstad
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria P White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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75
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Bell TJ, Brand OJ, Morgan DJ, Salek-Ardakani S, Jagger C, Fujimori T, Cholewa L, Tilakaratna V, Östling J, Thomas M, Day AJ, Snelgrove RJ, Hussell T. Defective lung function following influenza virus is due to prolonged, reversible hyaluronan synthesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 80:14-28. [PMID: 29933044 PMCID: PMC6548309 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of viral infections on lung matrix despite its important contribution to mechanical stability and structural support. The composition of matrix also indirectly controls inflammation by influencing cell adhesion, migration, survival, proliferation and differentiation. Hyaluronan is a significant component of the lung extracellular matrix and production and degradation must be carefully balanced. We have discovered an imbalance in hyaluronan production following resolution of a severe lung influenza virus infection, driven by hyaluronan synthase 2 from epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Furthermore hyaluronan is complexed with inter-α-inhibitor heavy chains due to elevated TNF-stimulated gene 6 expression and sequesters CD44-expressing macrophages. We show that intranasal administration of exogenous hyaluronidase is sufficient to release inter-α-inhibitor heavy chains, reduce lung hyaluronan content and restore lung function. Hyaluronidase is already used to facilitate dispersion of co-injected materials in the clinic. It is therefore feasible that fibrotic changes following severe lung infection and inflammation could be overcome by targeting abnormal matrix production. Influenza causes prolonged changes in hyaluronan due to increased synthase activity Influenza induces persistent hyaluronan cross-linking by inter-alpha-inhibitor heavy chains Pockets of persistent hyaluronan are associated with CD44-expressing macrophages Digestion of hyaluronan with intranasal hyaluronidase restores lung function but upon cessation of treatment post-viral complications return
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Bell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK; Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Samira Salek-Ardakani
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Toshifumi Fujimori
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Lauren Cholewa
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Viranga Tilakaratna
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jörgen Östling
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matt Thomas
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, UK.
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76
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Bano F, Tammi MI, Kang DW, Harris EN, Richter RP. Single-Molecule Unbinding Forces between the Polysaccharide Hyaluronan and Its Binding Proteins. Biophys J 2018; 114:2910-2922. [PMID: 29925027 PMCID: PMC6026378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) is ubiquitous in all vertebrate tissues, where its various functions are encoded in the supramolecular complexes and matrices that it forms with HA-binding proteins (hyaladherins). In tissues, these supramolecular architectures are frequently subjected to mechanical stress, yet how this affects the intermolecular bonding is largely unknown. Here, we used a recently developed single-molecule force spectroscopy platform to analyze and compare the mechanical strength of bonds between HA and a panel of hyaladherins from the Link module superfamily, namely the complex of the proteoglycan aggrecan and cartilage link protein, the proteoglycan versican, the inflammation-associated protein TSG-6, the HA receptor for endocytosis (stabilin-2/HARE), and the HA receptor CD44. We find that the resistance to tensile stress for these hyaladherins correlates with the size of the HA-binding domain. The lowest mean rupture forces are observed for members of the type A subgroup (i.e., with the shortest HA-binding domains; TSG-6 and HARE). In contrast, the mechanical stability of the bond formed by aggrecan in complex with cartilage link protein (two members of the type C subgroup, i.e., with the longest HA-binding domains) and HA is equal or even superior to the high affinity streptavidin⋅biotin bond. Implications for the molecular mechanism of unbinding of HA⋅hyaladherin bonds under force are discussed, which underpin the mechanical properties of HA⋅hyaladherin complexes and HA-rich extracellular matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Bano
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; CIC biomaGUNE, Biosurfaces Laboratory, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Markku I Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David W Kang
- Halozyme Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Ralf P Richter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; CIC biomaGUNE, Biosurfaces Laboratory, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
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77
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Rapid clearance of heavy chain-modified hyaluronan during resolving acute lung injury. Respir Res 2018; 19:107. [PMID: 29855321 PMCID: PMC5984366 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several inflammatory lung diseases display abundant presence of hyaluronic acid (HA) bound to heavy chains (HC) of serum protein inter-alpha-inhibitor (IαI) in the extracellular matrix. The HC-HA modification is critical to neutrophil sequestration in liver sinusoids and to survival during experimental lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. Therefore, the covalent HC-HA binding, which is exclusively mediated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-stimulated-gene-6 (TSG-6), may play an important role in the onset or the resolution of lung inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by respiratory infection. METHODS Reversible ALI was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of LPS or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice and outcomes were studied for up to six days. We measured in the lung or the bronchoalveolar fluid HC-HA formation, HA immunostaining localization and roughness, HA fragment abundance, and markers of lung inflammation and lung injury. We also assessed TSG-6 secretion by TNFα- or LPS-stimulated human alveolar macrophages, lung fibroblast Wi38, and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. RESULTS Extensive HC-modification of lung HA, localized predominantly in the peri-broncho-vascular extracellular matrix, was notable early during the onset of inflammation and was markedly decreased during its resolution. Whereas human alveolar macrophages secreted functional TSG-6 following both TNFα and LPS stimulation, fibroblasts and bronchial epithelial cells responded to only TNFα. Compared to wild type, TSG-6-KO mice, which lacked HC-modified HA, exhibited modest increases in inflammatory cells in the lung, but no significant differences in markers of lung inflammation or injury, including histopathological lung injury scores. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory infection induces rapid HC modification of HA followed by fragmentation and clearance, with kinetics that parallel the onset and resolution phase of ALI, respectively. Alveolar macrophages may be an important source of pulmonary TSG-6 required for HA remodeling. The formation of HC-modified HA had a minor role in the onset, severity, or resolution of experimental reversible ALI induced by respiratory infection with gram-negative bacteria.
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78
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Bittermann A, Gao S, Rezvani S, Li J, Sikes KJ, Sandy J, Wang V, Lee S, Holmes G, Lin J, Plaas A. Oral Ibuprofen Interferes with Cellular Healing Responses in a Murine Model of Achilles Tendinopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4. [PMID: 30687812 PMCID: PMC6347402 DOI: 10.23937/2572-3243.1510049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The attempted healing of tendon after acute injury (overloading, partial tear or complete rupture) proceeds via the normal wound healing cascade involving hemostasis, inflammation, matrix synthesis and matrix remodeling. Depending on the degree of trauma and the nature of the post-injury milieu, a variable degree of healing and recovery of function occurs. Post-injury analgesia is often achieved with NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen, however there is increasing evidence that NSAID usage may interfere with the healing process. This study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanism by which IBU therapy might lead to a worsening of tendon pathology. Methods: We have examined the effect of oral Ibuprofen, on Achilles tendon healing in a TGFb1-induced murine tendinopathy model. Dosing was started 3 days after initial injury (acute cellular response phase) and continued for 22 days or started at 9 days after injury (transition to matrix regeneration phase) and given for 16 days. Cellular changes in tendon and surrounding peritenon were assessed using Hematoxylin/Eosin, chondroid accumulation with Safranin O and anti-aggrecan immunohistochemistry, and neo-vessel formation with GSI Lectin histochemistry. Markers of inflammation included histochemical localization of hyaluronan, immunohistochemistry of heavy chain 1 and TNFα-stimulated glycoprotein-6 (TSG6). Cell responses were further examined by RT-qPCR of 84 NFκB target genes and 84 wound healing genes. Biomechanical properties of tendons were evaluated by tensile testing. Results: At a clinically-relevant dosage, Ibuprofen prevented the process of remodeling/removal of the inflammatory matrix components, hyaluronan, HC1 and TSG6. Furthermore, the aberrant matrix remodeling was accompanied by activation at day 28 of genes (Col1a2, Col5a3, Plat, Ccl12, Itga4, Stat3, Vegfa, Mif, Col4a1, Rhoa, Relb, F8, Cxcl9, Lta, Ltb, Ccl12, Cdkn1a, Ccl22, Sele, Cd80), which were not activated at any time without the drug, and so appear most likely to be involved in the pathology. Of these, Vegfa, Col4a1, F8, Cxcl9 and Sele, have been shown to play a role in vascular remodeling, consistent with the appearance at 25 days of vasculogenic cell groups in the peritenon and fat pad stroma surrounding the Achilles of the drug-dosed mice. Tensile stiffness (p = 0.004) and elastic modulus (p = 0.012) were both decreased (relative to age-matched uninjured and non-dosed mice) in mice dosed with Ibuprofen from day 3 to day 25, whether injured or not. Conclusion: We conclude that the use of Ibuprofen for pain relief during inflammatory phases of tendinopathy, might interfere with the normal processes of extracellular matrix remodeling and cellular control of expression of inflammatory and wound healing genes. It is proposed that the known COX2-mediated anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen has detrimental effects on the turnover of a pro-inflammatory HA matrix produced in response to soft-tissue injury, thus preventing the switch to cellular responses associated with functional matrix remodeling and eventual healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bittermann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, USA
| | - Shuguang Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, USA
| | - Sabah Rezvani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, USA
| | - Katie J Sikes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, USA
| | - John Sandy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, USA
| | - Vincent Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Simon Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, USA
| | - George Holmes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, USA
| | - Johnny Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, USA
| | - Anna Plaas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, USA
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79
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The CD44-HA axis and inflammation in atherosclerosis: A temporal perspective. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:201-218. [PMID: 29792915 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation at both the systemic and the tissue level. CD44 has previously been implicated in atherosclerosis in both humans and mice. This multi-faceted receptor plays a critical part in the inflammatory response during the onset of CVD, though little is known of CD44's role during the latter stages of the disease. This review focuses on the role of CD44-dependent HA-dependent effects on inflammatory cells in several key processes, from disease initiation throughout the progression of atherosclerosis. Understanding how CD44 and HA regulate inflammation in atherogenesis is key in determining the utility of the CD44-HA axis as a therapeutic target to halt disease and potentially promote disease regression.
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80
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Nagy N, Kuipers HF, Marshall PL, Wang E, Kaber G, Bollyky PL. Hyaluronan in immune dysregulation and autoimmune diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:292-313. [PMID: 29625181 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tissue microenvironment contributes to local immunity and to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases - a diverse set of conditions characterized by sterile inflammation, immunity against self-antigens, and destruction of tissues. However, the specific factors within the tissue microenvironment that contribute to local immune dysregulation in autoimmunity are poorly understood. One particular tissue component implicated in multiple autoimmune diseases is hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix (ECM) polymer. HA is abundant in settings of chronic inflammation and contributes to lymphocyte activation, polarization, and migration. Here, we first describe what is known about the size, amount, and distribution of HA at sites of autoimmunity and in associated lymphoid structures in type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Next, we examine the recent literature on HA and its impact on adaptive immunity, particularly in regards to the biology of lymphocytes and Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Treg), a T-cell subset that maintains immune tolerance in healthy individuals. We propose that HA accumulation at sites of chronic inflammation creates a permissive environment for autoimmunity, characterized by CD44-mediated inhibition of Treg expansion. Finally, we address potential tools and strategies for targeting HA and its receptor CD44 in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Payton L Marshall
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Esther Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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81
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Heldin P, Lin CY, Kolliopoulos C, Chen YH, Skandalis SS. Regulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis and clinical impact of excessive hyaluronan production. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:100-117. [PMID: 29374576 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The tightly regulated biosynthesis and catabolism of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, as well as its role in organizing tissues and cell signaling, is crucial for the homeostasis of tissues. Overexpression of hyaluronan plays pivotal roles in inflammation and cancer, and markedly high serum and tissue levels of hyaluronan are noted under such pathological conditions. This review focuses on the complexity of the regulation at transcriptional and posttranslational level of hyaluronan synthetic enzymes, and the outcome of their aberrant expression and accumulation of hyaluronan in clinical conditions, such as systemic B-cell cancers, aggressive breast carcinomas, metabolic diseases and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Heldin
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Constantinos Kolliopoulos
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece
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82
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Day AJ, Milner CM. TSG-6: A multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:60-83. [PMID: 29362135 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is an inflammation-associated secreted protein that has been implicated as having important and diverse tissue protective and anti-inflammatory properties, e.g. mediating many of the immunomodulatory and beneficial activities of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. TSG-6 is constitutively expressed in some tissues, which are either highly metabolically active or subject to challenges from the environment, perhaps providing protection in these contexts. The diversity of its functions are dependent on the binding of TSG-6 to numerous ligands, including matrix molecules such as glycosaminoglycans, as well as immune regulators and growth factors that themselves interact with these linear polysaccharides. It is becoming apparent that TSG-6 can directly affect matrix structure and modulate the way extracellular signalling molecules interact with matrix. In this review, we focus mainly on the literature for TSG-6 over the last 10 years, summarizing its expression, structure, ligand-binding properties, biological functions and highlighting TSG-6's potential as a therapeutic for a broad range of disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Caroline M Milner
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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83
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The Biological Role of Hyaluronan-Rich Oocyte-Cumulus Extracellular Matrix in Female Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010283. [PMID: 29346283 PMCID: PMC5796229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization of the mammalian oocyte requires interactions between spermatozoa and expanded cumulus extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the oocyte. This review focuses on key molecules that play an important role in the formation of the cumulus ECM, generated by the oocyte-cumulus complex. In particular, the specific inhibitors (AG1478, lapatinib, indomethacin and MG132) and progesterone receptor antagonist (RU486) exerting their effects through the remodeling of the ECM of the cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte have been described. After gonadotropin stimulus, cumulus cells expand and form hyaluronan (HA)-rich cumulus ECM. In pigs, the proper structure of the cumulus ECM depends on the interaction between HA and serum-derived proteins of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) protein family. We have demonstrated the synthesis of HA by cumulus cells, and the presence of the IαI, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 6 and pentraxin 3 in expanding oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC). We have evaluated the covalent linkage of heavy chains of IαI proteins to HA, as the principal component of the expanded HA-rich cumulus ECM, in porcine OCC cultured in medium with specific inhibitors: AG1478 and lapatinib (both inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity); MG132 (a specific proteasomal inhibitor), indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor); and progesterone receptor antagonist (RU486). We have found that both RU486 and indomethacin does not disrupt the formation of the covalent linkage between the heavy chains of IαI to HA in the expanded OCC. In contrast, the inhibitors AG1478 and lapatinib prevent gonadotropin-induced cumulus expansion. Finally, the formation of oocyte-cumulus ECM relying on the covalent transfer of heavy chains of IαI molecules to HA has been inhibited in the presence of MG132.
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84
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Wu SC, Chen CH, Wang JY, Lin YS, Chang JK, Ho ML. Hyaluronan size alters chondrogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells via the CD44/ERK/SOX-9 pathway. Acta Biomater 2018; 66:224-237. [PMID: 29128538 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a natural linear polymer that is one of the main types of extracellular matrix during the early stage of chondrogenesis. We found that the chondrogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be initiated and promoted by the application of HA to mimic the chondrogenic niche. The aim of this study is to investigate the optimal HA molecular weight (Mw) for chondrogenesis of ADSCs and the detailed mechanism. In this study, we investigated the relationships among HA Mw, CD44 clustering, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/SOX-9 pathway during chondrogenesis of ADSCs. Human ADSCs (hADSCs) and rabbit ADSCs (rADSCs) were isolated and expanded. Chondrogenesis was induced in rADSCs by culturing cells in HA-coated wells (HA Mw: 80 kDa, 600 kDa and 2000 kDa) and evaluated by examining cell aggregation, chondrogenic gene expression (collagen type II and aggrecan) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) deposition in vitro. Cartilaginous tissue formation in vivo was confirmed by implanting HA/rADSCs into joint cavities. CD44 clustering, ERK phosphorylation, SOX-9 expression and SOX-9 phosphorylation in cultured hADSCs were further evaluated. Isolated and expanded rADSCs showed multilineage potential and anchorage-independent growth properties. Cell aggregation, chondrogenic gene expression, and sGAG deposition increased with increasing HA Mw in rADSCs. The 2000 kDa HA had the most pronounced chondrogenic effect on rADSCs in vitro, and implanted 2000 kDa HA/rADSCs exhibited marked cartilaginous tissue formation in vivo. CD44 clustering and cell aggregation of hADSCs were enhanced by an increase in HA Mw. In addition, higher HA Mws further enhanced CD44 clustering, ERK phosphorylation, and SOX-9 expression and phosphorylation in hADSCs. Inhibiting CD44 clustering in hADSCs reduced HA-induced chondrogenic gene expression. Inhibiting ERK phosphorylation also simultaneously attenuated HA-induced SOX-9 expression and phosphorylation and chondrogenic gene expression in hADSCs. Our results indicate that HA initiates ADSC chondrogenesis and that higher Mw HAs exhibit stronger effects, with 2000 kDa HA having the strongest effect. These effects may be mediated through increased CD44 clustering and the ERK/SOX-9 signaling pathway. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE HA-based biomaterials have been studied in stem cell-based articular cartilage tissue engineering. However, little is known about the optimal HA size for stem cell chondrogenesis and the mechanism of how HA size modulates stem cell chondrogenesis. Accordingly, we used HAs with various Mws (80-2000 kDa) as culture substrates and tested their chondrogenic effect on ADSCs. Our results demonstrated that HAs with a Mw of 2000 kDa showed the optimal effect for chondrogenesis of ADSCs. Moreover, we found that HA size can regulate ADSC chondrogenesis via the CD44/ERK/SOX-9 pathway. This finding provides new information regarding the biochemical control of chondrogenesis by HA substrates that may add value to the development of HA-based biomaterials for articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Cheng Wu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Ya Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ken Chang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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85
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Abstract
The liver is a key, frontline immune tissue. Ideally positioned to detect pathogens entering the body via the gut, the liver appears designed to detect, capture, and clear bacteria, viruses, and macromolecules. Containing the largest collection of phagocytic cells in the body, this organ is an important barrier between us and the outside world. Importantly, as portal blood also transports a large number of foreign but harmless molecules (e.g., food antigens), the liver's default immune status is anti-inflammatory or immunotolerant; however, under appropriate conditions, the liver is able to mount a rapid and robust immune response. This balance between immunity and tolerance is essential to liver function. Excessive inflammation in the absence of infection leads to sterile liver injury, tissue damage, and remodeling; insufficient immunity allows for chronic infection and cancer. Dynamic interactions between the numerous populations of immune cells in the liver are key to maintaining this balance and overall tissue health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kubes
- Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Craig Jenne
- Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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86
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Frevert CW, Felgenhauer J, Wygrecka M, Nastase MV, Schaefer L. Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns Derived From the Extracellular Matrix Provide Temporal Control of Innate Immunity. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:213-227. [PMID: 29290139 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417740880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through direct interactions with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes. Through these interactions, ECM-derived DAMPs autonomously trigger sterile inflammation or prolong pathogen-induced responses through the production of proinflammatory mediators and the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of injury and infection. Recent research, however, suggests that ECM-derived DAMPs are additionally involved in the resolution and fine-tuning of inflammation by orchestrating the production of anti-inflammatory mediators that are required for the resolution of tissue inflammation and the transition to acquired immunity. Thus, in this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the interplay between ECM-derived DAMPs and the innate immune signaling pathways that are activated to provide temporal control of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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87
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Filpa V, Bistoletti M, Caon I, Moro E, Grimaldi A, Moretto P, Baj A, Giron MC, Karousou E, Viola M, Crema F, Frigo G, Passi A, Giaroni C, Vigetti D. Changes in hyaluronan deposition in the rat myenteric plexus after experimentally-induced colitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17644. [PMID: 29247178 PMCID: PMC5732300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myenteric plexus alterations hamper gastrointestinal motor function during intestinal inflammation. Hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan involved in inflammatory responses, may play a role in this process. In the colon of control rats, HA-binding protein (HABP), was detected in myenteric neuron soma, perineuronal space and ganglia surfaces. Prominent hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) staining was found in myenteric neuron cytoplasm, suggesting that myenteric neurons produce HA. In the myenteric plexus of rats with 2, 4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic (DNBS)-induced colitis HABP staining was altered in the perineuronal space, while both HABP staining and HA levels increased in the muscularis propria. HAS2 immunopositive myenteric neurons and HAS2 mRNA and protein levels also increased. Overall, these observations suggest that inflammation alters HA distribution and levels in the gut neuromuscular compartment. Such changes may contribute to alterations in the myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Filpa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caon
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Moretto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianmario Frigo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy.
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H. Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
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88
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Chang MY, Kang I, Gale M, Manicone AM, Kinsella MG, Braun KR, Wigmosta T, Parks WC, Altemeier WA, Wight TN, Frevert CW. Versican is produced by Trif- and type I interferon-dependent signaling in macrophages and contributes to fine control of innate immunity in lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1069-L1086. [PMID: 28912382 PMCID: PMC5814701 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00353.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that versican is important in the innate immune response to lung infection. Our goal was to understand the regulation of macrophage-derived versican and the role it plays in innate immunity. We first defined the signaling events that regulate versican expression, using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from mice lacking specific Toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR adaptor molecules, or the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1). We show that LPS and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] trigger a signaling cascade involving TLR3 or TLR4, the Trif adaptor, type I interferons, and IFNAR1, leading to increased expression of versican by macrophages and implicating versican as an interferon-stimulated gene. The signaling events regulating versican are distinct from those for hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) and syndecan-4 in macrophages. HAS1 expression requires TLR2 and MyD88. Syndecan-4 requires TLR2, TLR3, or TLR4 and both MyD88 and Trif. Neither HAS1 nor syndecan-4 is dependent on type I interferons. The importance of macrophage-derived versican in lungs was determined with LysM/Vcan-/- mice. These studies show increased recovery of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of poly(I:C)-treated LysM/Vcan-/- mice compared with control mice. IFN-β and IL-10, two important anti-inflammatory molecules, are significantly decreased in both poly(I:C)-treated BMDMs from LysM/Vcan-/- mice and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from poly(I:C)-treated LysM/Vcan-/- mice compared with control mice. In short, type I interferon signaling regulates versican expression, and versican is necessary for type I interferon production. These findings suggest that macrophage-derived versican is an immunomodulatory molecule with anti-inflammatory properties in acute pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y Chang
- Comparative Pathology Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne M Manicone
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Michael G Kinsella
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathleen R Braun
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tara Wigmosta
- Comparative Pathology Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - William C Parks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; and
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - William A Altemeier
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Comparative Pathology Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; and
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89
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Dyer DP, Migliorini E, Salanga CL, Thakar D, Handel TM, Richter RP. Differential structural remodelling of heparan sulfate by chemokines: the role of chemokine oligomerization. Open Biol 2017; 7:rsob.160286. [PMID: 28123055 PMCID: PMC5303277 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines control the migration of cells in normal physiological processes and in the context of disease such as inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. Two major interactions are involved: (i) binding of chemokines to chemokine receptors, which activates the cellular machinery required for movement; and (ii) binding of chemokines to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which facilitates the organization of chemokines into haptotactic gradients that direct cell movement. Chemokines can bind and activate their receptors as monomers; however, the ability to oligomerize is critical for the function of many chemokines in vivo. Chemokine oligomerization is thought to enhance their affinity for GAGs, and here we show that it significantly affects the ability of chemokines to accumulate on and be retained by heparan sulfate (HS). We also demonstrate that several chemokines differentially rigidify and cross-link HS, thereby affecting HS rigidity and mobility, and that HS cross-linking is significantly enhanced by chemokine oligomerization. These findings suggest that chemokine–GAG interactions may play more diverse biological roles than the traditional paradigms of physical immobilization and establishment of chemokine gradients; we hypothesize that they may promote receptor-independent events such as physical re-organization of the endothelial glycocalyx and extracellular matrix, as well as signalling through proteoglycans to facilitate leukocyte adhesion and transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Dyer
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0684, USA.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Elisa Migliorini
- CIC biomaGUNE, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherina L Salanga
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0684, USA
| | - Dhruv Thakar
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0684, USA
| | - Ralf P Richter
- CIC biomaGUNE, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain .,Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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90
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Nagy N, de la Zerda A, Kaber G, Johnson PY, Hu KH, Kratochvil MJ, Yadava K, Zhao W, Cui Y, Navarro G, Annes JP, Wight TN, Heilshorn SC, Bollyky PL, Butte MJ. Hyaluronan content governs tissue stiffness in pancreatic islet inflammation. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:567-578. [PMID: 29183997 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a novel role for hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix polymer, in governing the mechanical properties of inflamed tissues. We recently reported that insulitis in type 1 diabetes of mice and humans is preceded by intraislet accumulation of HA, a highly hygroscopic polymer. Using the double transgenic DO11.10 × RIPmOVA (DORmO) mouse model of type 1 diabetes, we asked whether autoimmune insulitis was associated with changes in the stiffness of islets. To measure islet stiffness, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and developed a novel "bed of nails"-like approach that uses quartz glass nanopillars to anchor islets, solving a long-standing problem of keeping tissue-scale objects immobilized while performing AFM. We measured stiffness via AFM nanoindentation with a spherical indenter and found that insulitis made islets mechanically soft compared with controls. Conversely, treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone, a small-molecule inhibitor of HA synthesis, reduced HA accumulation, diminished swelling, and restored basal tissue stiffness. These results indicate that HA content governs the mechanical properties of islets. In hydrogels with variable HA content, we confirmed that increased HA leads to mechanically softer hydrogels, consistent with our model. In light of recent reports that the insulin production of islets is mechanosensitive, these findings open up an exciting new avenue of research into the fundamental mechanisms by which inflammation impacts local cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,
| | | | - Gernot Kaber
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Pamela Y Johnson
- the Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | | | - Michael J Kratochvil
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases.,the Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Koshika Yadava
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Wenting Zhao
- the Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Yi Cui
- the Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | | | - Justin P Annes
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and
| | - Thomas N Wight
- the Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101
| | | | - Paul L Bollyky
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Manish J Butte
- the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and
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91
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Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a key component of the microenvironment surrounding cells. In healthy tissues, HA molecules have extremely high molecular mass and consequently large hydrodynamic volumes. Tethered to the cell surface by clustered receptor proteins, HA molecules crowd each other, as well as other macromolecular species. This leads to severe nonideality in physical properties of the biomatrix, because steric exclusion leads to an increase in effective concentration of the macromolecules. The excluded volume depends on both polymer concentration and hydrodynamic volume/molecular mass. The biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, tissue hydration, receptor clustering, and receptor-ligand interactions are strongly affected by the presence of HA and by its molecular mass. In inflammation, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species fragment the HA chains. Depending on the rate of chain degradation relative to the rates of new synthesis and removal of damaged chains, short fragments of the HA molecules can be present at significant levels. Not only are the physical properties of the extracellular matrix affected, but the HA fragments decluster their primary receptors and act as endogenous danger signals. Bioanalytical methods to isolate and quantify HA fragments have been developed to determine profiles of HA content and size in healthy and diseased biological fluids and tissues. These methods have potential use in medical diagnostic tests. Therapeutic agents that modulate signaling by HA fragments show promise in wound healing and tissue repair without fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Cowman
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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92
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Thaller M, Böhm H, Lingenfelder C, Geiger F. [Hyaluronic acid gels for pressure regulation in glaucoma treatment]. Ophthalmologe 2017; 115:195-201. [PMID: 29119227 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-017-0602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing numbers of glaucoma patients and complications occuring during treatment, such as restenosis and hypotony, require new treatment options to prevent blindness in patients. Therefore, the abovementioned problems should be solved to prolong the lifetime of implants and to prevent repeated surgery. OBJECTIVE Can a novel stent with hyaluronic acid hydrogels (HA gel) as a functional unit be used to regulate pressure in glaucoma therapy in the long term? MATERIAL AND METHODS Model stents were filled with HA gels and it was investigated if these could regulate the pressure and what the underlying mechanism is. RESULTS The results of the investigations showed that the HA gel inside the stent functions as a pressure valve. Under certain equilibrium pressures the HA gel closes the stent and therefore retains the fluid. At a certain overpressure the HA gel enables the fluid to be released and leads to a self-regulated adjustment of the equilibrium pressure. DISCUSSION The next step will involve miniaturization of the stents. Experiments will then show if the valve function will also work in the dimensions necessary for an eye implant and if the current problem of hypotension in glaucoma therapy can be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thaller
- Abt. Zelluläre Biophysik, Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - H Böhm
- Abt. Zelluläre Biophysik, Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - C Lingenfelder
- Pharmpur GmbH, Messerschmittring 33, 86343, Königsbrunn, Deutschland
| | - F Geiger
- Abt. Zelluläre Biophysik, Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
- Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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93
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Gul R, Ahmed N, Shah KU, Khan GM, Asim Ur Rehman. Functionalised nanostructures for transdermal delivery of drug cargos. J Drug Target 2017; 26:110-122. [PMID: 28854819 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1374388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has burgeoned over last decade exploring varieties of novel applications in all areas of science and technology. Utilisation of bio-friendly polymers for engineering nanostructures (NS) improves safety and efficacy in drug delivery. Biopolymers not merely employed for fabricating drug carriers but also leveraged for surface functionalisation of other NS to impart bio-mimicking properties. Biopolymer functionalised NS garnered researcher's attention because of their potential to enhance skin permeability of drug cargo. Biopolymers, i.e. cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), chitosan and hyaluronic acid not only enhance skin permeability but also add multiple functions due to their intrinsic biomimetic properties. This multifunctional drug delivery system is a promising tool to achieve skin delivery of large number of therapeutic agents. In this review, functionalisation of NS with biopolymers particularly polysaccharides and polypeptides is discussed in detail. In particular, applications of these functionalised NS for TDDS is elaborated. Moreover, this review provides framework for elaborating importance of functionalisation of NS to enhance skin permeability and depicts advantages of biopolymers to construct more biocompatible carriers for drug cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Gul
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
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94
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Köwitsch A, Zhou G, Groth T. Medical application of glycosaminoglycans: a review. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e23-e41. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Köwitsch
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
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95
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Kuipers HF, Nagy N, Ruppert SM, Sunkari VG, Marshall PL, Gebe JA, Ishak HD, Keswani SG, Bollyky J, Frymoyer AR, Wight TN, Steinman L, Bollyky PL. The pharmacokinetics and dosing of oral 4-methylumbelliferone for inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 185:372-81. [PMID: 27218304 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been considerable interest in using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) to inhibit hyaluronan (HA) synthesis in mouse models of cancer, autoimmunity and a variety of other inflammatory disorders where HA has been implicated in disease pathogenesis. In order to facilitate future studies in this area, we have examined the dosing, treatment route, treatment duration and metabolism of 4-MU in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Mice fed chow containing 5% 4-MU, a dose calculated to deliver 250 mg/mouse/day, initially lose substantial weight but typically resume normal weight gain after 1 week. It also takes up to a week to see a reduction in serum HA in these animals, indicating that at least a 1-week loading period on the drug is required for most protocols. At steady state, more than 90% of the drug is present in plasma as the glucuronidated metabolite 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide (4-MUG), with the sulphated metabolite, 4-methylumbelliferyl sulphate (4-MUS) comprising most of the remainder. Chow containing 5% but not 0·65% 4-MU was effective at preventing disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis, as well as in the DORmO mouse model of autoimmune diabetes. While oral 4-MU was effective at preventing EAE, daily intraperitoneal injections of 4-MU were not. Factors potentially affecting 4-MU uptake and plasma concentrations in mice include its taste, short half-life and low bioavailability. These studies provide a practical resource for implementing oral 4-MU treatment protocols in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Nagy
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | - J A Gebe
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - S G Keswani
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - T N Wight
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
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96
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Gaucherand L, Falk BA, Evanko SP, Workman G, Chan CK, Wight TN. Crosstalk Between T Lymphocytes and Lung Fibroblasts: Generation of a Hyaluronan-Enriched Extracellular Matrix Adhesive for Monocytes. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2118-2130. [PMID: 27982477 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In immunity and inflammation, T cells are often associated with stromal mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts. Hyaluronan and proteins that associate with hyaluronan such as versican and tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene-6 (TSG-6) are extracellular matrix (ECM) components that promote leukocyte adhesion, accumulation, and activation. However, the factors responsible for producing this specialized ECM and its impact on inflammatory events are not well understood. In this study, we explored the role of T cells in stimulating lung fibroblasts to produce an ECM that impacts monocyte adhesion. We found that CD3/CD28-activated human CD4+ T cells when co-cultured with human lung fibroblasts stimulated the expression of mRNA for hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and decreased the expression of hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2). This led to an increase in the deposition of hyaluronan that formed cable-like structures within the ECM. Co-culturing activated T cells with fibroblasts also led to increased expression and accumulation of TSG-6. Surprisingly, addition of activated CD4+ T cells to the fibroblasts reduced the expression of mRNA for versican, and increased the expression of enzymes that degrade versican, such as ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS9 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type-1 motif) leading to a decrease in versican in the ECM of the co-cultures. Furthermore, addition of human monocytes to these co-cultures resulted in elevated monocyte adhesion to the cable-like structures in the ECM when compared to controls. These results illustrate the importance of crosstalk between T cells and fibroblasts in promoting the generation of a matrix that is adhesive for monocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2118-2130, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Gaucherand
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ben A Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen P Evanko
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gail Workman
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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97
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Yun MK, Lee SJ, Song HJ, Yu HJ, Rha CS, Kim DO, Choe SY, Sohn J. Protein Expression Level of Skin Wrinkle-Related Factors in Hairless Mice Fed Hyaluronic Acid. J Med Food 2017; 20:420-424. [PMID: 28406731 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the wrinkle improving effect of hyaluronic acid intakes. Wrinkles were induced by exposing the skin of hairless mice to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation for 14 weeks. Hyaluronic acid was administered to the mice for 14 weeks including 4 weeks before experiments. Skin tissue was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine protein expression of wrinkle-related markers. The group supplemented with high concentrations of hyaluronic acid appeared significantly better than control group for collagen, matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 assay. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS-2) were not shown to be significantly different. In conclusion, hyaluronic acid administration regulated expression levels of proteins associated with skin integrity, and improved the wrinkle level in skin subjected to UVB irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Yun
- 1 R&D Center , SK Bioland Co., Ltd., Ansan City, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Lee
- 1 R&D Center , SK Bioland Co., Ltd., Ansan City, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Song
- 2 Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju City, Korea
| | - Heui-Jong Yu
- 1 R&D Center , SK Bioland Co., Ltd., Ansan City, Korea
| | - Chan Su Rha
- 3 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, KyungHee University , Yongin City, Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- 3 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, KyungHee University , Yongin City, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Choe
- 2 Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju City, Korea
| | - Johann Sohn
- 1 R&D Center , SK Bioland Co., Ltd., Ansan City, Korea
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98
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Kazezian Z, Li Z, Alini M, Grad S, Pandit A. Injectable hyaluronic acid down-regulates interferon signaling molecules, IGFBP3 and IFIT3 in the bovine intervertebral disc. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:118-129. [PMID: 28003146 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain which is a major cause of disability for people aged between 20 and 50years imposes a serious socio-economic burden. The current focus of regenerative medicine is on identifying molecular markers to facilitate the design of targeted therapeutics. Previously, we have demonstrated that expression of the anti-proliferative interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) and pro-apoptotic insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3), are up-regulated as downstream targets of the inflammatory cytokine interferon α (IFNα) signaling pathway in the human annulus fibrosus (AF). Here, we hypothesised that injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) would have an anti-inflammatory and matrix modulatory effect on injured and IFNα2β inflamed bovine intervertebral discs (IVD). Discs with an AF defect and challenged with IFNα2β were used in a bovine IVD organ culture model to test the effect of HA on the IFNα2β pathway, as well as the matrix proteins aggrecan and collagen I. qRT-PCR was used to assess the gene expression of IFNα2β signaling molecules. Additionally, immunostaining was used to measure protein expression. Our results show that HA treatment significantly down-regulates IFNAR1, IFNAR2, STAT1/2, JAK1, IFIT3 and IGFBP3 mRNA expression in the inflamed groups. Protein analysis confirmed the PCR results. In the extracellular matrix, aggrecan and collagen I were up-regulated while ADAMTS4 was down-regulated upon treatment of the injured and inflamed discs with HA. Hence, HA demonstrates both an anti-inflammatory role, resulting in the down-regulation of IFIT3 and IGFBP3 in the AF, and a matrix modulatory effect by up-regulating aggrecan and collagen I expression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The pro-inflammatory environment of the degenerated IVD represents a challenge for regenerative therapies. The study demonstrates that hyaluronan acts as an anti-inflammatory molecule by down-regulating IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, the signaling molecules STAT1, STAT2, JAK1 and the downstream apoptotic targets IGFBP3 and IFIT3. We also demonstrated that hyaluronan modulates the disc matrix environment by increasing aggrecan and collagen I synthesis and down-regulating ADAMTS4 that degrades the matrix under inflammatory conditions. The significance of this work lies in the fact that hyaluronan acts as an anti-inflammatory molecule by shifting the disc environment towards a more anabolic state and by promoting native IVD matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepur Kazezian
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland.
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99
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Zhao YF, Qiao SP, Shi SL, Yao LF, Hou XL, Li CF, Lin FH, Guo K, Acharya A, Chen XB, Nie Y, Tian WM. Modulating Three-Dimensional Microenvironment with Hyaluronan of Different Molecular Weights Alters Breast Cancer Cell Invasion Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9327-9338. [PMID: 28240531 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a polymer with various molecular weights (MW) found in tumor microenvironments, is associated with malignant progression of breast cancer. Reducing the amount of high-MW HA in the microenvironment by hyaluronidase is a promising approach for breast cancer treatment. However, whether the generation of HA fragments negatively affects breast cancer cells remains to be determined. Furthermore, HA forms three-dimensional (3D) networks by cross-linking with other extracellular molecules to function. Therefore, a model mimicking the cross-linked HA network is required to determine the effect of HA fragments on breast cancer cells. To clarify the differential roles of low (HA35) versus high (HA117) MW HA on cancer cell phenotype, a 3D culture system was set up by covalently cross-linking HA with alginate and investigating the behavior of 4T-1 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells alongside a two-dimensional (2D) control. The results show the invasion and migration abilities of 4T-1 and SKBR3 cells are significantly enhanced by the presence of HA35 but inhibited by HA117 in both 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. The differential effects of HA35 and HA117 on cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype were further confirmed in terms of differential regulation of E-cadherin and vimentin as important EMT markers at both the cellular and mRNA levels. Additional experiments show the CD44-Twist signaling pathway might be involved in the differential effects of HA35 and HA117. These results have important implications with respect to understanding the role of HA in breast cancer development and for the design of therapeutic approaches based on the eradication of HA with hyaluronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Pei Qiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Liang Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Li-Fen Yao
- Department of Neurology (National Clinical Key Specialty), The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lu Hou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Feng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli 360, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 222, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Alaka Acharya
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiong-Biao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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100
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Ali MS, Wang X, Lacerda CMR. A survey of membrane receptor regulation in valvular interstitial cells cultured under mechanical stresses. Exp Cell Res 2017; 351:150-156. [PMID: 28109865 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative valvular diseases have been linked to the action of abnormal forces on valve tissues during each cardiac cycle. It is now accepted that the degenerative behavior of valvular cells can be induced mechanically in vitro. This approach of in vitro modeling of valvular cells in culture constitutes a powerful tool to study, characterize, and develop predictors of heart valve degeneration in vivo. Using such in vitro systems, we expect to determine the exact signaling mechanisms that trigger and mediate propagation of degenerative signals. In this study, we aim to uncover the role of mechanosensing proteins on valvular cell membranes. These can be cell receptors and triggers of downstream pathways that are activated upon the action of cyclical tensile strains in pathophysiological conditions. In order to identify mechanosensors of tensile stresses on valvular interstitial cells, we employed biaxial cyclic strain of valvular cells in culture and quantitatively evaluated the expression of cell membrane proteins using a targeted protein array and interactome analyses. This approach yielded a high-throughput screening of all cell surface proteins involved in sensing mechanical stimuli. In this study, we were able to identify the cell membrane proteins which are activated during physiological cyclic tensile stresses of valvular cells. The proteins identified in this study were clustered into four interactomes, which included CC chemokine ligands, thrombospondin (adhesive glycoproteins), growth factors, and interleukins. The expression levels of these proteins generally indicated that cells tend to increase adhesive efforts to counteract the action of mechanical forces. This is the first study of this kind used to comprehensively identify the mechanosensitive proteins in valvular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir S Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th St and Canton Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3121 USA
| | - Xinmei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th St and Canton Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3121 USA
| | - Carla M R Lacerda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th St and Canton Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3121 USA.
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