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Bredemeier K, Church LD, Bounoua N, Feler B, Spielberg JM. Intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity, and health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring temporal relationships using cross-lag analysis. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 93:102660. [PMID: 36527952 PMCID: PMC9747232 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) have been widely discussed and explored as factors that may contribute to health anxiety. We propose that IU and AS are salient issues for many during the COVID-19 pandemic, and may play a role in the development or exacerbation of health anxiety during the pandemic. Studies have examined links between IU and AS with health anxiety during the pandemic, but these relationships have not been tested together using a longitudinal study design. In the present study, measures of IU, AS, and health anxiety were collected from 301 adults at two time points 6 months apart during (early stages of) the COVID-19 pandemic using an online survey platform. Cross-lagged analysis was utilized to simultaneously estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between these three variables. Robust cross-sectional associations were observed, and IU prospectively predicted changes in both health anxiety and AS. No other statistically significant prospective associations emerged. Present findings support the putative role of IU in health anxiety, suggesting that some observed links between AS and health anxiety could be driven by shared variance with IU. IU may be an important factor to monitor and target in health anxiety interventions during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Bredemeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Leah D. Church
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Nadia Bounoua
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Bridget Feler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Stanton AM, Goodman GR, Blyler A, Kirakosian N, Labbe AK, Robbins GK, Park ER, Psaros C. Mental Health, Social Connectedness, and Fear During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Perspective from Older Women with HIV. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:2176-2189. [PMID: 36538139 PMCID: PMC9764305 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Older women with HIV (WWH) confront significant biopsychosocial challenges that may be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Between May 2020 and April 2021, following a resiliency intervention conducted as part of a randomized parent trial, 24 cisgender WWH (M = 58 years old) completed quantitative assessments and qualitative interviews exploring the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. Qualitative data were analyzed via rapid analysis. Most participants were Black (62.5%) and non-Hispanic or Latina (87.5%). Emergent themes included (1) increased anxiety and depression; (2) a loss of social connectedness; (3) fear of unknown interactions among COVID-19, HIV, and other comorbidities; and (4) the use of largely adaptive strategies to cope with these issues. Findings suggest that older WWH face significant COVID-19-related mental health challenges, compounding existing stressors. As the pandemic persists, it will be important to assess the impact of these stressors on wellbeing, identify effective coping strategies, and provide increased support to mitigate COVID-19-related mental health issues over time. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03071887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M. Stanton
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Georgia R. Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Abigail Blyler
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Norik Kirakosian
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Allison K. Labbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Gregory K. Robbins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Elyse R. Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Christina Psaros
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,One Bowdoin Square, 7th Floor, 02114 Boston, MA USA
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Sánchez-Cueva MS, Alcantud Marín F, Alonso-Esteban Y. Ansiedad y trastornos del espectro del autismo: notas para la intervención psicoeducativa. SIGLO CERO REVISTA ESPAÑOLA SOBRE DISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL 2022. [DOI: 10.14201/scero2022534930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Se analizan de forma narrativa las relaciones entre comportamiento sensorial atípico, intolerancia a la incertidumbre y regulación emocional como generadores de los trastornos de ansiedad en niños y niñas autistas. El objetivo es estudiar el origen de la ansiedad en los niños y niñas autistas con la finalidad de determinar cuál o cuáles pueden ser los procedimientos de intervención más adecuados. Se han revisado algunos de los programas de intervención cognitivo-conductuales más utilizados en niños y niñas autistas y las adaptaciones realizadas a los mismos. Se observa un divorcio entre los programas psicoeducativos escolares y los programas clínicos de intervención para el tratamiento de la ansiedad. Como conclusión, se recomienda que en los programas psicoeducativos escolares se incorporen acciones proactivas en forma de programas de intervención cognitivo-conductuales para evitar o aminorar los efectos negativos de la ansiedad en el aprendizaje e inclusión escolar de los niños y las niñas autistas.
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Kestler-Peleg M, Stenger V, Lavenda O, Bendett H, Alhalel-Lederman S, Maayan-Metzger A, Strauss T. "I'll Be There": Informal and Formal Support Systems and Mothers' Psychological Distress during NICU Hospitalization. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121958. [PMID: 36553401 PMCID: PMC9777094 DOI: 10.3390/children9121958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mothers of infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are at a high risk for psychological distress, which is of concern to health and social professionals due to the negative implications for mothers and infants. A model for explaining maternal psychological distress, consisting of intolerance to uncertainty and support from informal (spouse, family, and friends) and formal (medical staff) systems was examined. Data was collected from one of the largest NICUs in Israel; 129 mothers of 215 preterm infants completed self-report questionnaires regarding their background variables, intolerance to uncertainty, perceived informal support and perceived medical staff support. The NICU's medical staff provided indicators for the infants of participating mothers. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. The examined model explained 29.2% of the variance in maternal psychological distress. Intolerance of uncertainty positively predicted psychological distress. Informal support, and in particular, spousal support negatively predicted psychological distress above and beyond intolerance of uncertainty. Medical staff support negatively predicted psychological distress above and beyond intolerance to uncertainty and informal support. Our findings suggest that maternal psychological distress is reduced through a family-centered care approach in NICUs. Medical professionals and social services should develop further solutions for addressing preterm mothers' need for certainty and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Kestler-Peleg
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Varda Stenger
- Department of Neonatology, Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Osnat Lavenda
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Haya Bendett
- Department of Neonatology, Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Shanee Alhalel-Lederman
- Department of Neonatology, Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Ayala Maayan-Metzger
- Department of Neonatology, Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Tzipora Strauss
- Department of Neonatology, Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
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55
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Wong JX, Caporino NE. Youth Intolerance of Uncertainty – Parent-Report (YIU-PR): A Developmentally Sensitive Measure of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-10016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chakraverty D. Faculty Experiences of the Impostor Phenomenon in STEM Fields. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022; 21:ar84. [PMID: 36301589 PMCID: PMC9727619 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.21-10-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Successful people experiencing impostor phenomenon consider themselves less competent and less worthy of their positions or achievements. They attribute their success to luck, deceit, fraudulence, and others being kind to them instead of their own competence. Prior research has focused primarily on students in higher education; faculty experiences of impostor phenomenon in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are not well understood. The research question guiding this inquiry was: "What kind of academic events or activities could contribute to faculty experiences of impostor phenomenon in STEM?" Using a qualitative analysis of 56 interviews, this U.S.-based study examined occurrences and experiences among faculty who self-identified as experiencing impostor phenomenon. A prior survey from the same participants revealed that they were predominantly White and female, experiencing moderate, high, or intense impostor phenomenon. Thematic interview analysis revealed that impostor phenomenon could be related to the following: 1) peer comparison, 2) faculty evaluation, 3) public recognition, 4) the anticipatory fear of not knowing, and 5) a perceived lack of competency. A comparison with findings from the larger study revealed that there are commonalities among faculty, PhD student, and postdoctorate experiences of impostor phenomenon in STEM. This necessitates professional development opportunities that could address self-limiting beliefs across the academic pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasmita Chakraverty
- Ravi J. Matthai Centre for Educational Innovation, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380015, India
- *Address correspondence to: Devasmita Chakraverty ()
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Zhou T, Bao Y, Guo D, Bai Y, Wang R, Cao X, Li H, Hua Y. Intolerance of uncertainty and future career anxiety among Chinese undergraduate students during COVID-19 period: Fear of COVID-19 and depression as mediators. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1015446. [PMID: 36523580 PMCID: PMC9745131 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1015446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncertainty is mushrooming throughout COVID-19, and intolerance of uncertainty (IoU) nudges people into mental health difficulties involving fear, depression, and anxiety. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of depression and fear of COVID-19 (FoC) in the association between IoU and future career anxiety (FCA) among Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study involved 1,919 Chinese undergraduate students from 11 universities in eight Chinese cities with an online self-administered survey that included demographic information, IoU, FoC, depression, and FCA completed by all participants. Our study demonstrated a positive relationship between IoU and FCA and the chain mediation effect of FoC and depression. Thus, understanding how FoC affects FCA not only informs university career professionals and assists students in preparing for employment, but also motivates schools to offer career opportunities workshops and, most importantly, provides mental health support to help students effectively cope with uncertainty and overcome COVID-19-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhou
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Political Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuchang Bao
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Danfeng Guo
- Department of Political ScienceSuzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Applied Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Department of Media and Communication, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hebin Li
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yidi Hua
- Faculty of Arts, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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58
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Liao KYH, Wei M. Intolerance of Uncertainty, Acculturative Stress, Gratitude, and Distress: A Moderated Mediation Model. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00110000221138803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on Berry’s (1997) model of acculturation, the current study examined whether gratitude would moderate the association between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and acculturative stress (i.e., moderation hypothesis), and mitigate the positive association between IU and psychological distress through acculturative stress (i.e., moderated mediation hypothesis). Participants were 171 international students with Chinese heritage from a Midwest public university. Results from PROCESS supported these hypotheses. First, the positive association between IU and acculturative stress was attenuated to a greater extent at higher compared to lower levels of gratitude. Second, the mediation effect of IU on psychological distress through acculturative stress was weaker among those with higher compared to lower levels of gratitude. Findings demonstrate the protective role of gratitude and the role of IU as a risk factor for psychological distress through acculturative stress. Implications for practice, training, and research are discussed.
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59
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Wong TY, Fang Z, Yu YT, Cheung C, Hui CLM, Elvevåg B, De Deyne S, Sham PC, Chen EYH. Discovering the structure and organization of a free Cantonese emotion-label word association graph to understand mental lexicons of emotions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19581. [PMID: 36380119 PMCID: PMC9666539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are not necessarily universal across different languages and cultures. Mental lexicons of emotions depend strongly on contextual factors, such as language and culture. The Chinese language has unique linguistic properties that are different from other languages. As a main variant of Chinese, Cantonese has some emotional expressions that are only used by Cantonese speakers. Previous work on Chinese emotional vocabularies focused primarily on Mandarin. However, little is known about Cantonese emotion vocabularies. This is important since both language variants might have distinct emotional expressions, despite sharing the same writing system. To explore the structure and organization of Cantonese-label emotion words, we selected 79 highly representative emotion cue words from an ongoing large-scale Cantonese word association study (SWOW-HK). We aimed to identify the categories of these emotion words and non-emotion words that related to emotion concepts. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to generate word clusters and investigate the underlying emotion dimensions. As the cluster quality was low in hierarchical clustering, we further constructed an emotion graph using a network approach to explore how emotions are organized in the Cantonese mental lexicon. With the support of emotion knowledge, the emotion graph defined more distinct emotion categories. The identified network communities covered basic emotions such as love, happiness, and sadness. Our results demonstrate that mental lexicon graphs constructed from free associations of Cantonese emotion-label words can reveal fine categories of emotions and their relevant concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yat Wong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Zhiqian Fang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yat To Yu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlton Cheung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy L. M. Hui
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brita Elvevåg
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Simon De Deyne
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSchool of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Y. H. Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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60
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Effects of predictable behavioral patterns on anxiety dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19240. [PMID: 36357536 PMCID: PMC9649661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
People face stressors that are beyond their control and that maladaptively perpetuate anxiety. In these contexts, rituals emerge as a natural coping strategy helping decrease excessive anxiety. However, mechanisms facilitating these purported effects have rarely been studied. We hypothesized that repetitive and rigid ritual sequences help the human cognitive-behavioral system to return to low-entropy states and assuage anxiety. This study reports a pre-registered test of this hypothesis using a Czech student sample (n = 268). Participants were exposed to an anxiety induction and then randomly assigned to perform one of three actions: ritualized, control, and neutral (no-activity). We assessed the effects of this manipulation on cognitive and physiological anxiety, finding that ritualized action positively affected anxiety decrease, but this decrease was only slightly larger than in the other two conditions. Nevertheless, the between-condition differences in the reduction of physiological anxiety were well-estimated in participants more susceptible to anxiety induction.
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61
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Patients’ Fears and Perceptions Associated with Anesthesia. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58111577. [DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: It has been suggested that intense feelings of fear/anxiety and significant patient concerns may affect the perioperative course. Those findings emphasize the importance of surgical patients’ preoperative feelings. Still, current knowledge in this area is based on a limited number of studies. Thus, we think that there is a need to further explore patients’ preoperative fears, better characterize risk factors and reasons for their occurrence, and evaluate patients’ perspectives associated with anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 385 patients undergoing vascular surgery were preoperatively interviewed using a questionnaire that included demographics and questions related to patients’ fears and perceptions of anesthesia. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s χ2 and McNemar tests, and multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Results: The main causes of patients’ preoperative fear were surgery (53.2%), potential complications (46.5%), and anesthesia (40%). Female sex was a predictor of surgery and anesthesia-related fear (OR = 3.07, p = 0.001; OR = 2.4, p = 0.001, respectively). Previous experience lowered the fear of current surgery (OR = 0.65, p = 0.031) and anesthesia (OR = 0.6, p = 0.017). Type of surgery, type of anesthesia, educational and socioeconomic status, and personal knowledge of an anesthesiologist affected specific anesthesia-related fears. Over 25% of patients did not know that an anesthesiologist is a physician, and only 17.7% knew where anesthesiologists work. Level of education and place of residence influenced patients’ perceptions of anesthesia. Conclusions: Anesthesia-related fears are affected by the type of surgery/anesthesia, experience with previous surgery, and personal knowledge of an anesthesiologist. Women, patients with lower education levels, and patients with poorer socioeconomic status are at higher risk of developing those fears. The perception of anesthesiologists is inadequate, and knowledge of anesthesia is poor. Promotion of patient education regarding anesthesia is needed to alleviate those fears and increase understanding of anesthesia.
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62
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The role of intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety sensitivity on nursing students’ depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Nurse Educ Pract 2022; 65:103487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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63
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Resting-state heart rate variability (HRV) mediates the association between perceived chronic stress and ambiguity avoidance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17645. [PMID: 36271286 PMCID: PMC9587282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is associated with profound behavioral and physiological alterations, including intolerance to uncertainty and reduced resting-state heart-rate-variability (HRV). Critically, uncertainty may arise in situations with known probabilities (risk) or unknown probabilities (ambiguity). Whether associations between chronic stress and decision-making under uncertainty are dependent on the specific type of uncertain decisions, and whether physiological alterations play a role in these putative associations is not yet clear. Here, ninety-two healthy adults that exhibit various levels of perceived chronic stress underwent resting-state HRV recording before completing a behavioral task that involves decision-making under either risk or ambiguity. Computational modelling quantified participants' behavioral attitudes of approach and avoidance separately for risk and ambiguity. Results indicate, as expected, that perceived chronic stress is positively associated with intolerance to uncertainty and negatively associated with resting-state HRV. Contrary to expectations, behavioral attitudes towards risk and ambiguity were not directly associated with perceived chronic stress, yet HRV fully mediated the association between chronic stress and ambiguity avoidance. Taken together and given the direction of the associations, elevated HRV despite chronic stress may foster adaptive behavior in the form of avoiding ambiguous situations, and hence contribute to reduced exposure to uncertainty and to lower levels of allostatic load.
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64
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Skórka P, Grzywacz B, Moroń D, Lenda M. COVID-19 in Memes: The Adaptive Response of Societies to the Pandemic? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12969. [PMID: 36232263 PMCID: PMC9566158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 expanded rapidly throughout the world, with enormous health, social, and economic consequences. Mental health is the most affected by extreme negative emotions and stress, but it has been an underestimated part of human life during the pandemic. We hypothesized that people may have responded to the pandemic spontaneously with increased interest in and creation of funny internet memes. Using Google and Google Trends, we revealed that the number of and interest in funny internet memes related to COVID-19 exploded during the spring 2020 lockdown. The interest in coronavirus memes was positively correlated with interest in mortality due to COVID-19 on a global scale, and positively associated with the real number of deaths and cases reported in different countries. We compared content of a random sample of 200 coronavirus memes with a random sample of 200 non-coronavirus memes found on the Internet. The sentiment analysis showed that coronavirus memes had a similar proportion of positive and negative words compared to non-coronavirus memes. However, an internet questionnaire revealed that coronavirus memes gained higher funniness scores than a random sample of non-coronavirus memes. Our results confirm that societies may have turned to humor to cope with the threat of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Grzywacz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Moroń
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-016 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lenda
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
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65
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Intolerance of uncertainty as a transdiagnostic vulnerability to anxiety disorders in youth. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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66
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Mohammadi H, Afshar-Zanjani H, Goli F, Hasanzadeh Kashtli A, Abolmaali K. Role of Traumatic Events and Motivational Structure in Ambiguity Tolerance of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:452-461. [PMID: 37547504 PMCID: PMC10404106 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The main purpose of this study was to delineate the role of motivational structure and traumatic events in the prediction of ambiguity tolerance in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: A total of 200 patients with the diagnosis of IBS, referred to the Shariati hospital in 2018, were enrolled using a correlational design and convenience sampling. All participants were asked to complete the ambiguity tolerance questionnaire, the life event checklist, and the personal concerns inventory. Data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation method and regression analysis test in SPSS software. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between traumatic events (r=- 0.66, P=0.01) and adaptive (r=0.24, P=0.01) and non-adaptive motivational structure (non-AMS) (r=- 0.10, P=0.01) with tolerance of ambiguity (P<0.05). With increasing non-AMS and with decreasing non-AMS and traumatic events, the tolerance of ambiguity is increased. Moreover, the motivational structure (adaptive and non-adaptive) and traumatic events could define and predict 43% of the variance in ambiguity tolerance. Conclusion: Thus, regarding the important role of motivational structure and traumatic events in predicting ambiguity tolerance in IBS patients, it is prudent to put emphasis on these measures to improve patients' overall health and probably alleviate symptoms and provide psychologic rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Mohammadi
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AND Tunekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - Hamid Afshar-Zanjani
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine AND Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzad Goli
- Faculty Instructor, Energy Medicine University, California, USA AND Danesh Tandorosti Institute, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Abolmaali
- Department of Psychology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Mumper EE, Ferry RA, Klein DN, Nelson BD. Effects of early childhood behavioral inhibition and parental anxiety disorder on adolescents' startle response to predictable and unpredictable threat. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1327-1338. [PMID: 35689731 PMCID: PMC9613508 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies in children, adolescents and adults have reported that anxiety disorders and symptoms are associated with greater threat-potentiated startle responses. This suggests that it may also be related to risk factors that have been implicated in the genesis of anxiety disorders. Therefore, we examined the roles of early childhood temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) and parental history of anxiety disorders in predicting threat-potentiated startle response in a community sample of 346 adolescents. Parental history of anxiety disorders moderated the effects of BI on subsequent startle responses. For both total startle response and unpredictable threat startle potentiation, higher levels of BI at age 3 predicted larger startle responses at age 15, but only among offspring of parents with a history of anxiety disorders. Among offspring of parents with no lifetime history of anxiety disorder, BI was unrelated to startle magnitude. These findings were evident even after adjusting for youth's biological sex, concurrent anxiety symptoms, and lifetime history of anxiety disorders. In contrast, neither BI nor parental anxiety significantly predicted startle potentiation to predictable threat. These findings have implications for tracing pathways to the development of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Mumper
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 11794-2500, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Rachel A Ferry
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 11794-2500, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 11794-2500, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 11794-2500, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Olino TM, Case JAC, Hawes MT, Szenczy A, Nelson B, Klein DN. Testing Invariance of Measures of Internalizing Symptoms Before and After a Major Life Stressor: The Impact of COVID-19 in an Adolescent and Young Adult Sample. Assessment 2022; 29:1371-1380. [PMID: 34013771 PMCID: PMC8138262 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211015315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are reports of increases in levels of internalizing psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these studies presume that measurement properties of these constructs remained unchanged from before the pandemic. In this study, we examined longitudinal measurement invariance of assessments of depression, anxiety, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in adolescents and young adults from ongoing longitudinal studies. We found consistent support for configural and metric invariance across all constructs, but scalar invariance was unsupported for depression and IU. Thus, it is necessary to interpret pandemic-associated mean-level changes in depression and IU cautiously. In contrast, mean-level comparisons of panic, generalized, and social anxiety symptoms were not compromised. These findings are limited to the specific measures examined and the developmental period of the sample. We acknowledge that there is tremendous distress accompanying disruptions due to the COVID-19 outbreak. However, for some instruments, comparisons of symptom levels before and during the pandemic may be limited.
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69
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Predicting the change trajectory of employee robot-phobia in the workplace: The role of perceived robot advantageousness and anthropomorphism. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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70
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Ashish K, Ramesh T, Kalle R, Arumugam R. Generalization of threats attributed to large carnivores in areas of high human-wildlife conflict. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13974. [PMID: 35796039 PMCID: PMC9805120 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fear-induced generalization of threats to noninimical stimuli is a behavioral tendency of humans to minimize exposure to potential threats. In human-carnivore conflict zones, people often generalize their fear of predation by obligate carnivores to nonobligate carnivores despite differences in species' predation rates. We investigated the effect of a perceived threat of large obligate carnivores to livestock on tolerance and perception of striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in an area of high human-carnivore conflict. We surveyed 197 households through asemistructured questionnaire to determine people's perception and tolerance of striped hyenas in Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves after identification of the current distribution range of hyena determined through camera trap and sign surveys. Through the random forest algorithm, we modeled the level of tolerance of striped hyena as a function of loss of livestock to predation and from disease, the perceived threat of predation by hyena, and other socioeconomic attributes. Animal husbandry was a major source of income but was severely affected by livestock loss due to predation and disease. Sixty-nine percent of people were uncertain about predatory behavior of hyena; out of that, 23% reported a negative conservation attitude. Only 6 instances of hyena depredation on livestock and 2 on dogs were reported. Our model confirmed that economic instability associated with increased loss to predation and disease, livestock dependency, and a decrease in family annual income negatively affected people's tolerance of hyena. Perceptual uncertainty related to predatory behavior of hyena also negatively affected people's tolerance. In our study area, economic instability and perceptual uncertainty led to generalization of fear of large carnivores to a nonobligate predator. Such generalization may affect the attitude of people toward many other species. Understanding the role of economic instability and perceptual uncertainty should facilitate conservation of species, such as the hyena, that are vulnerable to false generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ashish
- Division of Conservation EcologySálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural HistoryCoimbatoreIndia
| | - Tharmalingam Ramesh
- Division of Conservation EcologySálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural HistoryCoimbatoreIndia
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐Natal, Private Bag X01South Africa
| | - Riddhika Kalle
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐Natal, Private Bag X01South Africa
- Division of Environmental Impact AssessmentSálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural HistoryCoimbatoreIndia
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71
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Wroblewski A, Hollandt M, Yang Y, Ridderbusch IC, Pietzner A, Szeska C, Lotze M, Wittchen HU, Heinig I, Pittig A, Arolt V, Koelkebeck K, Rothkopf CA, Adolph D, Margraf J, Lueken U, Pauli P, Herrmann MJ, Winkler MH, Ströhle A, Dannlowski U, Kircher T, Hamm AO, Straube B, Richter J. Sometimes I feel the fear of uncertainty: How intolerance of uncertainty and trait anxiety impact fear acquisition, extinction and the return of fear. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 181:125-140. [PMID: 36116610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that the ability to discriminate between threat and safety is impaired in individuals with high dispositional negativity, resulting in maladaptive behavior. A large body of research investigated differential learning during fear conditioning and extinction protocols depending on individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and trait anxiety (TA), two closely-related dimensions of dispositional negativity, with heterogenous results. These might be due to varying degrees of induced threat/safety uncertainty. Here, we compared two groups with high vs. low IU/TA during periods of low (instructed fear acquisition) and high levels of uncertainty (delayed non-instructed extinction training and reinstatement). Dependent variables comprised subjective (US expectancy, valence, arousal), psychophysiological (skin conductance response, SCR, and startle blink), and neural (fMRI BOLD) measures of threat responding. During fear acquisition, we found strong threat/safety discrimination for both groups. During early extinction (high uncertainty), the low IU/TA group showed an increased physiological response to the safety signal, resulting in a lack of CS discrimination. In contrast, the high IU/TA group showed strong initial threat/safety discrimination in physiology, lacking discriminative learning on startle, and reduced neural activation in regions linked to threat/safety processing throughout extinction training indicating sustained but non-adaptive and rigid responding. Similar neural patterns were found after the reinstatement test. Taken together, we provide evidence that high dispositional negativity, as indicated here by IU and TA, is associated with greater responding to threat cues during the beginning of delayed extinction, and, thus, demonstrates altered learning patterns under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
| | - Maike Hollandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yunbo Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle C Ridderbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Pietzner
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology of the University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Ingmar Heinig
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Andre Pittig
- Translational Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Katja Koelkebeck
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Adolph
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology I, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Markus H Winkler
- Department of Psychology I, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und Berliner Institut für Gesundheitsforschung, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfons O Hamm
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Richter
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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Carmassi C, Conti L, Gravina D, Nardi B, Dell'Osso L. Emotional dysregulation as trans-nosographic psychopathological dimension in adulthood: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:900277. [PMID: 36104987 PMCID: PMC9464828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.900277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emotional dysregulation (ED) is characterized by inappropriate emotional reactions related to environmental or cognitive stimuli. In most recent years, increasing interest has been devoted to its definition and detection across mental disorders for its detrimental role progressively highlighted in both neurodevelopment and adult mental disorders, with implications on the severity of clinical manifestations. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and gather the scientific evidence about ED in adult psychiatric population to elucidate the concept of ED as trans-nosographic entity. Methods The electronics databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was reviewed to identify studies in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines; at the end of the selection process a total of 29 studies (N = 709; N = 658; N = 1,425) was included. All studies included assessed the presence of ED symptoms, by means of a validate scale in adult (>18 years of age), in clinically diagnosed patients as well as healthy control participants. Results Our results suggest ED as a trans-diagnostic factor across multiple mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, personality disorders; a better definition of this concept could be helpful to interpret and clarify many clinical cases and improve their diagnostic and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Conti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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73
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Anxious Personality Traits: Perspectives from Basic Emotions and Neurotransmitters. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091141. [PMID: 36138877 PMCID: PMC9496710 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recently, many emotional diseases, such as anxiety and depression, have prevailed, and it is expected that emotional disease will be the leading cause of social and economic burden in 2030. These emotional diseases may be due to certain personality traits, which could be the reasons for the development of mental illness. Personality theories have been constantly developed over the past hundreds of years, and different dimensions of personality traits corresponding to different physiological bases and emotional feelings have been proposed. However, personality may be the least studied area in psychology. Methods: In this paper, we will give a short review on the development of personality theories as well as dimensional emotional theory. Then, we will compare the similarities between the emotional dimension and personality dimension. Furthermore, we will also investigate the neural mechanisms of personality and emotions, focusing on neuromodulators for anxiety-related personality traits, in order to provide a clear relationship between different neurotransmitters and anxiety-related personality traits. Results: The results of our study suggest that the emotional dimension and personality dimension may be somewhat related, for example, the extrovert/introvert dimension of personality might be related to the hedonic dimension, which includes happiness/sadness, and the neurotic dimensions might be related to emotional arousal. In addition, our study found that personality traits are also related to basic emotions, for instance, people who are too self-centered are prone to feeling a mood of disgust or depression, while anger and fear correspond to unstable personality traits. The analysis suggested that the neural substrates of both personality and emotions might be described as follows: extroverted–joy–dopamine (DA); introverted–disgust–5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); unstable (neuroticism)–anger/fear–noradrenaline (NE); stable–calmness. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that there is a correlation between personality traits and emotions, and both depend on monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin). In addition, personality disorders can be interfered via the regulation of emotions and neurotransmitters. This paper opens up a whole new perspective for future research on personality traits and emotional diseases and has great clinical value and practical significance.
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74
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Kumar S, Voracek M. The relationships of family income and caste-status with religiousness: Mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273174. [PMID: 36026518 PMCID: PMC9417042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and religiousness is well known; however, its (psychological mediation) mechanism is not clear. In the present study, we studied the mediation role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU; a personality measure of self-uncertainty) in the effect of SES on religiousness and its dimensions (i.e., believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging), in two different samples (students sample, N = 868, and community sample, N = 250), after controlling the effects of factors like age, sex, handedness, and self-reported risk-taking. The results showed that IU mediated the effects of lower family income and lower caste status (in students’ sample only) on religiousness and its dimensions; higher caste status had a direct effect on religiousness (and its dimensions), and; among the sub-factors of IU, only prospective IU affected religiousness. Thus, along with showing that IU is a mediator of the effects of lower family income and lower caste status on religiousness, the present study supports the contention that religiousness is a latent variable that varied factors can independently initiate. Moreover, the present study suggests a nuanced model of the relationship between the hierarchical caste system and religiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, India
- * E-mail: (SK); (MV)
| | - Martin Voracek
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna¸ Austria
- * E-mail: (SK); (MV)
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75
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Krypotos AM, Alves M, Crombez G, Vlaeyen JWS. The role of intolerance of uncertainty when solving the exploration-exploitation dilemma. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 181:33-39. [PMID: 36007711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When making behavioral decisions, individuals need to balance between exploiting known options or exploring new ones. How individuals solve this exploration-exploitation dilemma (EED) is a key research question across psychology, leading to attempting to disentangle the cognitive mechanisms behind it. A potential predictive factor of performance in an EED is intolerance of uncertainty (IU), an individual difference factor referring to the extent to which uncertain situations are reported to be aversive. Here, we present the results of a series of exploratory analyses in which we tested the relationship between IU and performance in an EED task. For this, we compiled data from 3 experiments, in which participants received the opportunity to exploit different movements in order to avoid a painful stimulus and approach rewards. For decomposing performance in this task, we used different computational models previously employed in studies on the EED. Then, the parameters of the winning model were correlated with the scores of participants in the IU scale. Correlational and cluster analyses, within both frequentists and Bayesian frameworks, did not provide strong evidence for a relation between EED and IU, apart from the decay rate and the subscale "tendency to become paralyzed in the face of uncertainty". Given the theoretical relation between EED and IU, we propose research with different experimental paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maryna Alves
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Heath Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Johan W S Vlaeyen
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Health Psychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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76
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Carsten HP, Härpfer K, Riesel A. A rare scare: The role of intolerance of uncertainty in startle responses and event-related potentials in anticipation of unpredictable threat. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:56-66. [PMID: 35787439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) represents a transdiagnostic risk factor for internalizing psychopathology. However, little is known regarding its psychophysiological correlates. IU is thought to render individuals hypersensitive to threatening events, even if the occurrence probability is low. To test this, we recruited 90 students who completed two NPU-threat tests separating temporal unpredictability from probabilistic unpredictability (i.e., probability of occurrence): First, a NPU version in which the timing of threat (i.e., shock) was either predictable or unpredictable but the shock probability was 100 % in each trial. Second, a probabilistic NPU version in which the timing of the shock was also either predictable or unpredictable, but the shock probability was 33 % in each trial. Startle reflex, event-related potentials N1 and P3 locked to auditory startle probes, and anxiety ratings were analyzed. As expected, temporally unpredictable threat modulated startle, N1, and anxiety ratings. IU predicted increased startle to lower shock probability, regardless of the temporal predictability. No evidence emerged for IU affecting N1 or P3. However, IU predicted anxiety ratings to threat conditions regardless of temporal or probabilistic predictability. Individual differences in IU shape startle responses to eventual threat: IU increases automatic defensive responding to unpredictable and potentially threatening situations if the threat probability is low. Individuals with higher IU may tend to "err on the side of caution" with a mismatch between physiological preparation and threat probability, such that the effects of IU are particularly observable in low threat probability conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Härpfer
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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77
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Barahmand U, Mohamadpour S, Sheikh Ahmad RH. COVID-19 Related Stresses, Conspiracy Beliefs, Uncertainty, and Non-adherence to Safety Guidelines. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2022; 15:22-33. [PMID: 37274517 PMCID: PMC10233957 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inconsistent use of protective preventive measures and nonadherence of the guidelines set by the World Health Organization regarding the coronavirus are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as increased health care costs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the role of COVID-19 related worries, conspiracy beliefs, and uncertainty in adherence to preventative measures in Iran. METHOD In a large survey with data collected online from a volunteer sample of 599 individuals, assessments were made of the distress associated with the anticipated potential consequences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown, extent of agreement with conspiracy beliefs, level of situation-specific uncertainty, and self-reports of compliance with preventive measures. Data were analyzed to explore paths leading to nonadherence to safety guidelines proposed by the medical authorities. RESULTS A large majority of individuals report significant distress and worry associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that increasing levels of situation-specific uncertainty intolerance, as well as conspiracy beliefs regarding the coronavirus, are associated with non-compliance with the advised protocols. Specifically, the results show that worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic are linked to non-compliance with preventive measures through conspiracy beliefs and feelings of uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 situation even after gender, education, and perceived socioeconomic status were controlled. CONCLUSIONS Findings imply that emotional exhaustion is likely to have set in and become counterproductive as people choose to violate safety guidelines. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Barahmand
- Department of Psychology, Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, USA.Queen City CollegeDepartment of PsychologyDivision of Mathematics and Natural SciencesQueens CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Samaneh Mohamadpour
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Khuzestan, Ahwaz, Iran.Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesDepartment of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesKhuzestanAhwazIran
| | - Ruhollah Heydari Sheikh Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.Mohaghegh Ardabili UniversityDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
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78
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Han L, Bai H, Lun B, Li Y, Wang Y, Ni Q. The Prevalence of Fear of Childbirth and Its Association With Intolerance of Uncertainty and Coping Styles Among Pregnant Chinese Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:935760. [PMID: 35832593 PMCID: PMC9273116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.935760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fear of childbirth (FOC) is one of the most common psychological symptoms among pregnant women and significantly relates to cesarean section, anxiety, and depression. However, it is not clear the prevalence and risk factors of FOC among Chinese pregnant women since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims The objective of this study was to examine the associations between coping styles, intolerance of uncertainty, and FOC. Method From December 2021 to April 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in two hospitals in China through convenient sampling. The cross-sectional survey was conducted among 969 pregnant women, which included the Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire (CAQ), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12), and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Results The total prevalence of FOC was 67.8%. The percentages of women with mild (a score of 28-39), moderate (40-51), and severe FOC (52-64) were 43.6, 20.2, and 4.0%, respectively. The regression results indicated that primiparas, unplanned pregnancy, few spousal support, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative coping styles were significant risk factors of FOC. Women who adopt positive coping strategies experienced a lower level of childbirth fear. Conclusion These findings suggest that cultivating positive coping styles and obtaining sufficient childbirth information may be helpful for mothers' mental health. Regular screening assessment of perinatal psychological symptoms, such as the high level of intolerance of uncertainty and negative coping styles, should be adopted to reduce the risk of fear of childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Bai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Papenfuss I, Lommen MJJ, Huisman M, Ostafin BD. Aversive response to uncertainty as a mediator for the effect of a mindfulness intervention on symptoms of anxiety. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:30-42. [PMID: 35753561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Intolerance of uncertainty plays a central role in anxiety and research suggests that it's an important treatment target. Investigating response to uncertainty using other dimensions than self-report, such as physiological responses, can further the effort to understand the role of uncertainty in anxiety more fully. Mindfulness interventions have become increasingly interesting in their application to anxiety, as they foster acceptance of unpleasant aspects of experience. The aims of the study were to examine whether a mindfulness intervention reduced response to uncertainty and anxiety symptoms, and to examine the associations between intolerance of uncertainty, physiological response to uncertainty, mindfulness and anxiety. METHODS Participants were 117 students who completed a two-week mindfulness or audiobook control intervention. At pre- and post-intervention assessments, measures of anxiety, mindfulness, and intolerance of uncertainty were completed and a threat-of-shock task assessing startle responding to unpredictable shock was administered. RESULTS Findings showed a significant effect of the intervention for social anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, intolerance of uncertainty mediated the effect of the intervention on symptoms for social anxiety and worry. No such effects were found for physiological response to uncertainty. CONCLUSION The study adds to the understanding of the role of response to uncertainty in anxiety as well as to its mechanistic role in the context of mindfulness practice. Implications and possible explanations for the non-significant main effects of the intervention on anxiety symptoms and physiological response to uncertainty are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Papenfuss
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712TS Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - M J J Lommen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712TS Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - M Huisman
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712TS Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - B D Ostafin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712TS Groningen, the Netherlands.
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80
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Wake S, Verde AD, Biagi N, van Reekum CM, Morriss J. Just let me check: The role of individual differences in self-reported anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features on subjective, behavioural, and physiological indices during a checking task. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:43-55. [PMID: 35753565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Checking behaviour has been described as a form of preventative behaviour used by an individual to establish control over the environment and avoid future misfortune. However, when compulsive, checking behaviours can become disabling and distressing and have been linked to the maintenance of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Despite this, there is limited literature across the field that has assessed the impact of dimensional measures of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features (i.e., negative affect, uncertainty, and perfectionism) in driving checking behaviour. As such, the present study examined the impact of individual differences in self-reported anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features on subjective, behavioural, and physiological indices during a visual discrimination and checking task (n = 87). Higher self-reported anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features were associated with higher subjective ratings of unpleasantness and the urge to check during the task. Moreover, higher self-reported anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features related to general negative affect, uncertainty, and perfectionism were associated with greater checking frequency during the task. Lastly, stronger obsessional beliefs about perfectionism and the need for certainty were found to predict poorer accuracy, slower reaction times, and higher engagement of the corrugator supercilii during the task. In sum, these findings demonstrate how different anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features, in particular perfectionism and the need for certainty, may relate to and maintain checking behaviour in low threat contexts, which likely has implications for models of excessive and persistent checking in anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Wake
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Alberto Dalla Verde
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Nicolò Biagi
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Carien M van Reekum
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jayne Morriss
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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81
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Jovanovic T, Wiltshire CN, Reda MH, France J, Wanna CP, Minton ST, Davie W, Grasser LR, Winters S, Schacter H, Marusak HA, Stenson AF. Uncertain in the face of change: Lack of contingency shift awareness during extinction is associated with higher fear-potentiated startle and PTSD symptoms in children. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 178:90-98. [PMID: 35718286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty is a transdiagnostic risk factor for fear-related disorders and is associated with higher levels of anxiety in children and adolescents. It is unclear how uncertainty relates to development of psychopathology in children who have experienced trauma in early life. The present study used a fear-potentiated startle paradigm in children to examine associations between uncertainty (assessed as unawareness of a change in reinforcement during fear extinction) and symptoms of anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as startle potentiation to threat and safety cues. Results showed that unaware children had strong positive associations between trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, whereas aware children did not. Uncertainty interacted with anxiety in that children who were both unaware and had higher anxiety displayed higher fear-potentiated startle to safety cues and did not show discrimination between threat and safety during fear conditioning. These results suggest that anxious children who persist in associating a threat cue with an aversive event during extinction, after repeated presentations of the no longer reinforced conditioned stimulus, may express psychophysiological phenotypes related to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - C N Wiltshire
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - M H Reda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - J France
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - C P Wanna
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - S T Minton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - W Davie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - L R Grasser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - S Winters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - H Schacter
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - H A Marusak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - A F Stenson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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82
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Del Popolo Cristaldi F, Buodo G, Duma GM, Sarlo M, Mento G. Unbalanced functional connectivity at rest affects the ERP correlates of affective prediction in high intolerance of uncertainty individuals: A high density EEG investigation. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 178:22-33. [PMID: 35709946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In a recent study we outlined the link between Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) and the neural correlates of affective predictions, as constructed by the brain (generation stage) to prepare to relevant stimuli (implementation stage), and update predictive models according to incoming stimuli (updating stage). In this study we further explored whether the brain's functional organization at rest can modulate neural activity elicited within an emotional S1-S2 paradigm as a function of IU and uncertainty of S1-S2 contingencies. We computed resting state functional connectivity (RS-FC) from a 3-min resting period recorded with high density EEG, and we tested whether RS graph theory nodal measures (i.e., strength, clustering coefficient, betweenness centrality) predicted in-task ERP modulation as a function of IU. We found that RS-FC differently predicted in-task ERPs within the generation and updating stages. Higher IU levels were associated to altered RS-FC patterns within both domain-specific (i.e., right superior temporal sulcus) and domain-general regions (i.e., right orbitofrontal cortex), predictive of a reduced modulation of in-task ERPs in the generation and updating stages. This is presumably ascribable to an unbalancing between synchronization and integration within these regions, which may disrupt the exchange of information between top-down and bottom-up pathways. This altered RS-FC pattern may in turn result in the construction of less efficient affective predictions and a reduced ability to deal with contextual uncertainty in individuals high in IU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Duma
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Michela Sarlo
- Department of Communication Sciences, Humanities and International Studies, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Saffi 15, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mento
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Giuseppe Orus 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
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83
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Cleveland CN, Virgen C, Steinman SA, Callaham S, Wanstreet T, Carr MM. Correlation Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Post-Operative Regret in Otolaryngology Patients. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2022; 132:601-606. [PMID: 35695168 DOI: 10.1177/00034894221098708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, worry, or stress are related to post-op regret in otolaryngology patients. METHODS Adult patients or parents giving consent for pediatric patients meeting criteria for otolaryngologic surgery were recruited and completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) preop and the Decisional Regret (DR) scale 1-month post-op. Pearson correlations were calculated. RESULTS The cohort included 109 patients, 73 (67%) males and 36 (33.3%) females. 43 (39.5%) were college graduates and 66 (60.9%) were not. Mean IUS-12 score was 22.9 (95% CI 21.0-24.8), mean PSWQ score was 46.9 (95% CI 44.5-49.3). DASS-21 mean score was 11.9 (95% CI 9.6-14.3). Mean DR score was 11.1 (95% CI 8.6-13.6). IUS-12 subscales Prospective Anxiety mean score was 14.2 (95% CI 12.8-15.5) and Inhibitory Anxiety mean score was 16.5 (95% CI 14.5-18.6). The Pearson correlation coefficient for post-op DR and total preop IUS was .188 (P = .027) and the correlation coefficient for post-op DR and preop Prospective Anxiety subscale of IUS score was .174 (P = .037). Correlations with PSWQ and DASS-21 scores and DR were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Intolerance of uncertainty is a psychological construct that is associated with post-op DR. More work is needed to determine whether screening for IU and behavior modification directed at IU for those with high levels would improve post-op decisional regret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Cleveland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Celina Virgen
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shari A Steinman
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sarah Callaham
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tyler Wanstreet
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michele M Carr
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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84
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Kostuch L. Fear, disgust, hate: negative emotions evoked by animals in ancient literature. HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY 2022; 33:127-142. [PMID: 35588217 DOI: 10.1177/0957154x211064954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ancient literature contains thoughts, observations and opinions about animals causing fear, disgust or hate that can be of great interest to scientists researching the problem of phobias, fears and anxieties in history. So in this article, it is argued that we can go as far back as ancient times in the research on the history of animal phobias (or, speaking more generally, in research on the entire spectrum of negative emotions evoked by animals in individuals or in entire social groups or societies). In that period, the phenomenon was observed and described in an anecdotal form, and attempts to establish the causes of this phenomenon were undertaken. This article discusses these early ideas about phobias, fears and anxieties related to animals.
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85
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Robinson MD, Irvin RL. Seeking Protection, Finding Despair: Closed Preferences as a Model of Neuroticism-Linked Distress. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Image schemas are perceptual-motor simulations of the world that are likely to have broad importance in understanding models of the self and its regulatory operations. Methods: Seven samples of participants (total N = 1,011) rated their preferences for unspecified entities being “open” or “closed” and scores along this dimension were linked to variations in personality, emotion, and psychopathology. Results: Individuals endorsing closed preferences to a greater extent were prone to neuroticism (Study 1), experiential avoidance (Study 2), negative affect in daily life (Study 3), and symptoms of anxiety and depression (Study 4). Discussion: Although closed preferences are likely to be endorsed for protective reasons (inasmuch as the contents of closed objects are better protected), such preferences are linked to higher, rather than lower, levels of neuroticism and distress. The findings offer new evidence for theories of neuroticism and psychopathology that emphasize operations related to defensive motivation and experiential avoidance.
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86
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Cederved C, Back J, Ångström-Brännström C, Ljungman G, Engvall G. Co-creation of a Serious Game About Radiotherapy: Participatory Action Research Study With Children Treated for Cancer. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e34476. [PMID: 35639467 PMCID: PMC9198823 DOI: 10.2196/34476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with cancer who have to undergo radiotherapy can experience fear, because they have no prior knowledge of the treatment. One way of teaching children about the treatment and reducing their fear is to prepare them for it through serious games. Involvement of the end user in the design process within medicine is a way of ensuring that the product being developed will fit the intended user. OBJECTIVE The aim was to outline the contributions made by children and their parents through participatory action research when designing a serious game about radiotherapy. METHODS By means of participatory action research, children and their parents participated in the development of a serious game about radiotherapy. Nine children (7-10 years old) were included, each with an accompanying parent. A qualitative approach was used that included interviews and participant observation. Six rounds of iterative development process were used with the children and their parents. Meetings with the children were held either face-to-face or online. Each round resulted in a list of suggestions for changes to the game. A thematic analysis was performed based on the list of proposed changes, underpinned by all gathered data, to highlight how the children's participation changed the game. RESULTS Two main themes were identified. The first theme was "The children's participation was affected by their health and treatment" and included the following subthemes: "an opportunity to share emotions and perceptions of radiotherapy" and "the possibility to participate was affected by the severity of the disease." The second theme was "participation allowed becoming an active part of game development" and included the following subthemes: "the opportunity to express sentiments about the game," "the emergence of a playable game through the children's contributions," and "the necessity of understanding the text." CONCLUSIONS The method used in this study made the children active participants, and our results suggest that this method can be used by health care researchers to cocreate serious games with children. It is necessary to inform the children involved that the process takes time, and that the process can be altered to allow as much participation as possible without placing a burden on them. The children's illness affected their possibility to take part; thus, it is crucial to accommodate the children's needs when conducting similar studies. The parents' participation facilitated the meetings for their children, even though their involvement in the game design was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cederved
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Back
- Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ångström-Brännström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Ljungman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunn Engvall
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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87
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Bonilla-Santos G, Gantiva C, González-Hernández A, Padilla-García T, Bonilla-Santos J. Emotional processing in bullying: an event-related potential study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7954. [PMID: 35562581 PMCID: PMC9106725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying is a subtype of violence that leads to maladaptive behaviors and emotional responses, with implications for social competence, emotions, and empathy. The present study compared the time course of emotional processing in children who were involved in the dynamics of bullying (i.e., as victims, bullies, and observers) by evaluating event-related potentials [early posterior negativity and late positive potential (LPP)] in different brain regions during a passive visualization task that involved positive, neutral, and negative social pictures. High-density electroencephalograms were recorded in 45 children, 8–12 years old (M = 9.5 years, SD = 1.3), while they observed emotional and neutral social pictures that we selected from the International Affective Picture System. Late positive potential had higher amplitudes in the victim group, especially in posterior and anterior regions. In the central region, LPP was greater toward neutral social pictures in bullying victims. The greater amplitude of LPP in victims was observed during and after the stimulus. The results showed a consistent response with a higher intensity in response to emotional stimuli in the victim group, suggesting a tendency toward hypervigilance that could interfere with emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Gantiva
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jasmin Bonilla-Santos
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Calle 11 No 1-51, Neiva, 410010, Huila, Colombia.
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88
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Attaallah B, Petitet P, Slavkova E, Turner V, Saleh Y, Manohar SG, Husain M. Hyperreactivity to uncertainty is a key feature of subjective cognitive impairment. eLife 2022; 11:75834. [PMID: 35536752 PMCID: PMC9197396 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increasingly ageing global population, more people are presenting with concerns about their cognitive function, but not all have an underlying neurodegenerative diagnosis. Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) is a common condition describing self-reported deficits in cognition without objective evidence of cognitive impairment. Many individuals with SCI suffer from depression and anxiety, which have been hypothesised to account for their cognitive complaints. Despite this association between SCI and affective features, the cognitive and brain mechanisms underlying SCI are poorly understood. Here, we show that people with SCI are hyperreactive to uncertainty and that this might be a key mechanism accounting for their affective burden. Twenty-seven individuals with SCI performed an information sampling task, where they could actively gather information prior to decisions. Across different conditions, SCI participants sampled faster and obtained more information than matched controls to resolve uncertainty. Remarkably, despite their ‘urgent’ sampling behaviour, SCI participants were able to maintain their efficiency. Hyperreactivity to uncertainty indexed by this sampling behaviour correlated with the severity of affective burden including depression and anxiety. Analysis of MRI resting functional connectivity revealed that SCI participants had stronger insular-hippocampal connectivity compared to controls, which also correlated with faster sampling. These results suggest that altered uncertainty processing is a key mechanism underlying the psycho-cognitive manifestations in SCI and implicate a specific brain network target for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaaeddin Attaallah
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Petitet
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elista Slavkova
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Youssuf Saleh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay G Manohar
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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89
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Wendt J, Morriss J. An examination of Intolerance of Uncertainty and contingency instruction on multiple indices during threat acquisition and extinction training. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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90
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Effects of intolerance of uncertainty on subjective and psychophysiological measures during fear acquisition and delayed extinction. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:249-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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91
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Boysan M, Eşkisu M, Çam Z. Relationships between fear of
COVID
‐19, cyberchondria, intolerance of uncertainty, and obsessional probabilistic inferences: A structural equation model. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:439-448. [PMID: 35430750 PMCID: PMC9115459 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study was set out to explore the structural relationships between fear of COVID‐19, cyberchondria, intolerance of uncertainty, and obsessional probabilistic inferences. The data were recruited online from a community population (n = 1,049) subjected to a confirmatory factor analytic procedure. The structural model specified according to the previous findings in the literature showed that a general tendency to negative expectations in terms of probabilistic thinking was significantly associated with both COVID‐19‐related‐fear and intolerance of uncertainty. Fear of COVID‐19 was significantly associated with cyberchondria. Probabilistic thinking style and intolerance of uncertainty contributed to cyberchondria through fear of COVID‐19 as well. We concluded that a tendency to engage in a probabilistic thinking style and intolerance of uncertainty seems to play role in the etiology of fear of infection and cyberchondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Boysan
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Social Sciences University of Ankara Ankara Turkey
| | - Mustafa Eşkisu
- Faculty of Education Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Erzincan Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Çam
- Faculty of Education Muş Alparslan University Muş Turkey
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92
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Savela N, Latikka R, Oksa R, Kortelainen S, Oksanen A. Affective Attitudes Toward Robots at Work: A Population-Wide Four-Wave Survey Study. Int J Soc Robot 2022; 14:1379-1395. [PMID: 35464870 PMCID: PMC9012866 DOI: 10.1007/s12369-022-00877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRobotization of work is progressing fast globally, and the process has accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing integrated threat theory as a theoretical framework, this study investigated affective attitudes toward introducing robots at work using a four timepoint data (n = 830) from a Finnish working population longitudinal study. We used hybrid multilevel linear regression modelling to study within and between participant effects over time. Participants were more positive toward introducing robots at work during the COVID-19 pandemic than before it. Increased cynicism toward individuals’ own work, robot-use self-efficacy, and prior user experiences with robots predicted positivity toward introducing robots at work over time. Workers with higher perceived professional efficacy were less and those with higher perceived technology-use productivity, robot-use self-efficacy, and prior user experiences with robots were more positive toward introducing robots at work. In addition, the affective attitudes of men, introverts, critical personalities, workers in science and technology fields, and high-income earners were more positive. Robotization of work life is influenced by workers’ psychological well-being factors and perceived as a welcomed change in the social distancing reality of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Savela
- Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Rita Latikka
- Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Reetta Oksa
- Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Atte Oksanen
- Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33100 Tampere, Finland
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93
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Petrocchi S, Ongaro G, Calvello M, Feroce I, Bonanni B, Pravettoni G. A randomized controlled trial comparing self-referred message to family-referred message promoting men's adherence to evidence-based guidelines on BRCA1/2 germline genetic testing: A registered study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266327. [PMID: 35395021 PMCID: PMC8992988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a registered study protocol on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing an intervention aimed to improve men's adherence to evidence-based guidelines on BRCA1/2 germline genetic testing. BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (HBOC) increases the relative and absolute risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer and, to a lesser extent, prostate and pancreatic cancer. Men face BRCA-related cancer risks as women do, although with a different magnitude, and they may also transmit the mutations to their children. Notwithstanding, men are under-tested compared to women and the communication is not tailored on their needs. The present RCT applies principles of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in testing the psychological determinants of the men's adherence to evidence based guidelines on BRCA1/2 germline genetic and testing the efficacy of two messages. METHODS A total of 264 participants will be involved, among the men's relatives of women with verified germline mutations. The study entails a pre- post- evaluation with randomization of the participants in two conditions corresponding to the two messages. DISCUSSION The expected results provide answers related to the impact of action self-efficacy, outcome expectancy (personal or familiar), risk perception, health risk aversion, intolerance of uncertainty, perceived barriers, and coping self-efficacy on informed decision-making. Data gathered from this study may inform health care providers, policy makers, and public health managers about the communication strategy for men and about the psychological variables influencing decision-making. TRAIL REGISTRATION Name of the Registry: Clinical Trials. Trial registration number: NCT04683068. Date of registration: 16/12/2020. URL of trial registry record: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Petrocchi
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ongaro
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Calvello
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Feroce
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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94
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Junça-Silva A, Silva D. How is the life without unicorns? A within-individual study on the relationship between uncertainty and mental health indicators: The moderating role of neuroticism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 188:111462. [PMID: 34975185 PMCID: PMC8699103 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic crisis of COVID-19 led to higher levels of uncertainty for individuals. Mental health has been outlined as a major key research priority to support and inform interventions. This study aimed to examine whether uncertainty influenced negative affect which in turn, resulted in worst levels of mental health, during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, and test if neuroticism moderated the negative effect of uncertainty on mental health, via negative affect. To capture changes in daily uncertainty, negative affect and mental health, a daily design was adopted to test our model. We collected data through five consecutive days (N = 320), in the early "lockdown" stage of the pandemic. The multilevel results showed a significant mediation effect from daily uncertainty to daily mental health via daily negative affect. In addition, neuroticism moderated the mediated relationship, in such a way that the relationship between daily uncertainty on daily mental health, via daily negative affect was strengthened when neuroticism was higher. In sum, living without unicorns, or see the world though a black lens, is a factor that enhances the blackness of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Junça-Silva
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
- Business Research Unit - BRU (UNIDE-IUL), Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT), Tomar, Portugal
| | - Daniel Silva
- Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT), Tomar, Portugal
- Department of Management and Economics & NECE Research Unit in Busincess Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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95
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Seeliger B, Kayser MZ, Drick N, Fuge J, Valtin C, Greer M, Gottlieb J. Graphic narrative based informed consent for bronchoscopy improves satisfaction in patients after lung-transplantation: A randomized controlled trial. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:949-955. [PMID: 34417064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of supplementing standard informed consent (IC) with a graphic narrative on patient satisfaction, periprocedural anxiety and experience. METHODS Patients due to undergo first conscious surveillance bronchoscopy following lung transplantation were randomized to receive IC with (intervention group) or without (control group) a graphic narrative illustrating the procedure. The primary endpoint was overall patient satisfaction with the IC. Key secondary endpoints were change in state anxiety level, as measured by State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a questionnaire assessing satisfaction with IC and adverse experience during bronchoscopy (judged by patient and examiners). RESULTS Sixty patients were randomized, and 59 patients were included in the analysis (30 intervention-group; 29 control-group). Overall patient satisfaction was higher in the intervention group 9.5 (25Q-75Q: 8.6-9.8) vs. 8.6 (25Q-75Q: 8.1-9.2), p = 0.028). Change in state anxiety level (before vs after informed consent) was similar between the groups. There were no significant differences in adverse experience during bronchoscopy. CONCLUSION Addition of a graphic narrative illustrating bronchoscopy improved patient satisfaction with IC but did not influence anxiety before and adverse experience during the procedure. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Supplementing the IC process with a procedure-specific graphic narrative may be a simple tool to improve patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seeliger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Moritz Z Kayser
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nora Drick
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fuge
- Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Valtin
- Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Greer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Gottlieb
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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96
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Morriss J, Tupitsa E, Dodd HF, Hirsch CR. Uncertainty Makes Me Emotional: Uncertainty as an Elicitor and Modulator of Emotional States. Front Psychol 2022; 13:777025. [PMID: 35350739 PMCID: PMC8957830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.777025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncertainty and emotion are an inevitable part of everyday life and play a vital role in mental health. Yet, our understanding of how uncertainty and emotion interact is limited. Here, an online survey was conducted (n = 231) to examine whether uncertainty evokes and modulates a range of negative and positive emotions. The data show that uncertainty is predominantly associated with negative emotional states such as fear/anxiety. However, uncertainty was also found to modulate a variety of other negative (i.e., sadness/upset, anger/frustration, and confusion) and positive (i.e., surprise/interest and excited/enthusiastic) emotional states, depending on the valence of an anticipated outcome (i.e., negative and positive) and the sub parameter of uncertainty (i.e., risk and ambiguity). Uncertainty increased the intensity of negative emotional states and decreased the intensity of positive emotional states. These findings support prior research suggesting that uncertainty is aversive and associated with negative emotional states such as fear and anxiety. However, the findings also revealed that uncertainty is involved in eliciting and modulating a wide array of emotional phenomena beyond fear and anxiety. This study highlights an opportunity for further study of how uncertainty and emotion interactions are conceptualised generally and in relation to mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Morriss
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Tupitsa
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Helen F Dodd
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Colette R Hirsch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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97
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Akyirem S, Salifu Y, Bayuo J, Duodu PA, Bossman IF, Abboah-Offei M. An integrative review of the use of the concept of reassurance in clinical practice. Nurs Open 2022; 9:1515-1535. [PMID: 35274826 PMCID: PMC8994970 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To synthesize evidence on the concept of reassurance in nursing practice. Design Integrative review. Review Method PubMed, OVID MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from their inception to the 30 May 2020. The search results were screened. We assessed the quality of primary studies using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Included studies were analysed using narrative synthesis. The review protocol was pre‐registered (PROSPERO‐CRD42020186962). Results Thirty‐two papers out of the 2,771 search results met our inclusion criteria. The synthesis of evidence generated three intricate themes, namely “antecedents of reassurance,” “defining attributes of reassurance” and “outcomes of reassurance.” Emotional distress was the main antecedent of reassurance. The three sub‐themes identified under defining attributes of reassurance include self‐awareness, emotional connectedness and verbal and non‐verbal techniques. Ultimately, reposing the confidence of patients and their families in healthcare professionals and the care delivery process to enable them to overcome their challenges constitutes the outcomes of reassurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Akyirem
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yakubu Salifu
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jonathan Bayuo
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | | | - Mary Abboah-Offei
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, UK
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98
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Folayan MO, Ibigbami O, Brown B, El Tantawi M, Aly NM, Ezechi OC, Abeldaño GF, Ara E, Ayanore MA, Ellakany P, Gaffar B, Al-Khanati NM, Idigbe I, Jafer M, Khan ATA, Khalid Z, Lawal FB, Lusher J, Nzimande NP, Popoola BO, Quadri MFA, Roque M, Al-Tammemi AB, Yousaf MA, Virtanen JI, Zuñiga RAA, Ndembi N, Nkengasong JN, Nguyen AL. Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:779498. [PMID: 35309187 PMCID: PMC8924413 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple facets of the pandemic can be a source of fear, depression, anxiety and can cause changes in sleep patterns. The aim of this study was to identify health profiles and the COVID-19 pandemic related factors associated with fear, depression, anxiety and changes in sleep pattern in adults in Nigeria. Methods The data for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and well-ness from a convenience sample of adults 18 years and above resident in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Study participants were asked to complete an anonymous, closed-ended online questionnaire that solicited information on sociodemographic profile, health profiles (high, moderate and low COVID-19 infection risk profile) including HIV status, COVID-19 status, and self-reported experiences of fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns. Results In total, 4,439 participants with mean age of 38.3 (±11.6) years responded to the survey. Factors associated with higher odds of having COVID-19 related fear were health risk (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 3.88; 95% CI: 3.22-4.69); having COVID-19 symptoms but not tested (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99); having a friend who tested positive to COVID-19 (AOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.53) and knowing someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65). The odds of feeling anxious was significantly higher for those with moderate or low health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32-2.04); had a friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) or knew someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28-1.84). The odds of feeling depressed was significantly higher for those with health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28); and respondents who had COVID-19 symptoms but had not taken a test (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02-1.94). Factors associated with higher odds of having sleep pattern changes were having moderate and low health risk profiles (p < 0.05). Conclusion The study findings suggest that the pandemic may cause fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns differently for people with different health profile, HIV status and COVID-19 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
| | | | - Brandon Brown
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Oliver C. Ezechi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,School of Medicine, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Government College for Women, Srinagar, India
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Saudi Arabia Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Jazan University, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Director of People and Member of the Provost's Group, Regent's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ntombifuthi P. Nzimande
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Economic and Social Geography, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bamidele Olubukola Popoola
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Dental Public Health, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Roque
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration (IOM), The UN Migration Agency, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Nicaise Ndembi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Africa Centres for Disese Control and Preventon, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - John N. Nkengasong
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Africa Centres for Disese Control and Preventon, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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99
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Hunt C, Exline JJ, Fletcher TL, Teng EJ. Intolerance of uncertainty prospectively predicts the transdiagnostic severity of emotional psychopathology: Evidence from a Veteran sample. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 86:102530. [PMID: 35033969 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has been conceptualized as a transdiagnostic vulnerability for emotional psychopathology, but few studies have tested whether it prospectively predicts emotional psychopathology, and none have utilized transdiagnostic and clinician-rated outcomes. To fill this gap, the present study tested whether IU prospectively predicted the clinician-rated severity of transdiagnostic emotional psychopathology six months later in a treatment-seeking Veteran sample. Participants completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty 12-item scale (IUS-12) and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 (SCID-5) at Time 1 and again six-months later (Time 2); assessed emotional disorders included both anxiety-related disorders (i.e., post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, specific phobia) and depressive conditions (i.e., major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder). Linear regression analyses revealed a bidirectional prospective relation between IU and emotional psychopathology, wherein higher Time 1 IUS-12 predicted greater Time 2 emotional disorder severity and greater Time 1 emotional disorder severity predicted higher Time 2 IUS-12. Follow-up analyses revealed that IU prospectively predicted the maintenance (but not the development) of anxiety-related issues, whereas prediction of Time 2 depression was nullified when controlling for Time 1 anxiety pathology. These findings implicate IU as a transdiagnostic vulnerability for emotional psychopathology and suggest the construct can be particularly useful as a treatment target and prognostic indicator for anxiety-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hunt
- Michael E. Debakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julie J Exline
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Terri L Fletcher
- Michael E. Debakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, 2450 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ellen J Teng
- Michael E. Debakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, 2450 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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100
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López-Martínez AE, Ramírez-Maestre C, Serrano-Ibáñez ER, Ruiz-Párraga GT, Esteve R. Intolerance of uncertainty moderates the relationship between catastrophizing, anxiety, and perceived pain in people with chronic nononcological pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2022; 23:1793-1799. [PMID: 35172006 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substantial empirical evidence has shown that intolerance of uncertainty is a central transdiagnostic feature in psychopathology and it has been suggested to be a pain-related psychological factor contributing to the experience of chronic pain. However, research in this area is virtually nonexistent. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between pain severity, catastrophizing, and anxiety in people with chronic nononcological pain, while assuming that intolerance of uncertainty moderates these relationships. METHODS A convenience sample of 188 individuals with nononcological chronic pain (157 women and 32 men) participated in the study. We investigated the moderated mediation of intolerance of uncertainty between anxiety and catastrophizing and between catastrophizing and pain intensity. RESULTS The full moderated mediation model accounted for significant variance in pain intensity (R2 = .148, P< .001). Intolerance of uncertainty significantly moderated the interaction between anxiety and catastrophizing (B = 0.039, SE = 0.012, CI [0.015, 0.063]) and between catastrophizing and pain intensity (B = -0.034, SE = 0.010, CI [-0.054, -0.014]). Anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty did not interact in predicting catastrophizing, although an interaction effect was found between intolerance of uncertainty and catastrophizing in predicting pain intensity. CONCLUSION This study is the first to address the interrelationship of intolerance of uncertainty, catastrophizing, and anxiety in relation to perceived pain intensity. The current findings support intolerance of uncertainty as a relevant psychological variable that is distinct from other relevant constructs in the setting of pain research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia E López-Martínez
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Maestre
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain
| | - Elena R Serrano-Ibáñez
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain
| | - Gema T Ruiz-Párraga
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain
| | - Rosa Esteve
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain
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