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Vollmer KM, Doncheck EM, Grant RI, Winston KT, Romanova EV, Bowen CW, Siegler PN, Green LM, Bobadilla AC, Trujillo-Pisanty I, Kalivas PW, Otis JM. A Novel Assay Allowing Drug Self-Administration, Extinction, and Reinstatement Testing in Head-Restrained Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:744715. [PMID: 34776891 PMCID: PMC8585999 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.744715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy is one of several new technologies providing unprecedented insight into the activity dynamics and function of neural circuits. Unfortunately, some of these technologies require experimentation in head-restrained animals, limiting the behavioral repertoire that can be integrated and studied. This issue is especially evident in drug addiction research, as no laboratories have coupled multiphoton microscopy with simultaneous intravenous drug self-administration, a behavioral paradigm that has predictive validity for treatment outcomes and abuse liability. Here, we describe a new experimental assay wherein head-restrained mice will press an active lever, but not inactive lever, for intravenous delivery of heroin or cocaine. Similar to freely moving animals, we find that lever pressing is suppressed through daily extinction training and subsequently reinstated through the presentation of relapse-provoking triggers (drug-associative cues, the drug itself, and stressors). Finally, we show that head-restrained mice will show similar patterns of behavior for oral delivery of a sucrose reward, a common control used for drug self-administration experiments. Overall, these data demonstrate the feasibility of combining drug self-administration experiments with technologies that require head-restraint, such as multiphoton imaging. The assay described could be replicated by interested labs with readily available materials to aid in identifying the neural underpinnings of substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Vollmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Doncheck
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Roger I Grant
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kion T Winston
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Elizaveta V Romanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christopher W Bowen
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Preston N Siegler
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lisa M Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | | | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - James M Otis
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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52
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Xiao D, Forys BJ, Vanni MP, Murphy TH. MesoNet allows automated scaling and segmentation of mouse mesoscale cortical maps using machine learning. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5992. [PMID: 34645817 PMCID: PMC8514445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the basis of brain function requires knowledge of cortical operations over wide spatial scales and the quantitative analysis of brain activity in well-defined brain regions. Matching an anatomical atlas to brain functional data requires substantial labor and expertise. Here, we developed an automated machine learning-based registration and segmentation approach for quantitative analysis of mouse mesoscale cortical images. A deep learning model identifies nine cortical landmarks using only a single raw fluorescent image. Another fully convolutional network was adapted to delimit brain boundaries. This anatomical alignment approach was extended by adding three functional alignment approaches that use sensory maps or spatial-temporal activity motifs. We present this methodology as MesoNet, a robust and user-friendly analysis pipeline using pre-trained models to segment brain regions as defined in the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. This Python-based toolbox can also be combined with existing methods to facilitate high-throughput data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xiao
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brandon J Forys
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthieu P Vanni
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
- Université de Montréal, École d'Optométrie, 3744 Jean Brillant H3T 1P1, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Timothy H Murphy
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada.
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53
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MEYE: Web App for Translational and Real-Time Pupillometry. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0122-21.2021. [PMID: 34518364 PMCID: PMC8489024 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0122-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pupil dynamics alterations have been found in patients affected by a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including autism. Studies in mouse models have used pupillometry for phenotypic assessment and as a proxy for arousal. Both in mice and humans, pupillometry is noninvasive and allows for longitudinal experiments supporting temporal specificity; however, its measure requires dedicated setups. Here, we introduce a convolutional neural network that performs online pupillometry in both mice and humans in a web app format. This solution dramatically simplifies the usage of the tool for the nonspecialist and nontechnical operators. Because a modern web browser is the only software requirement, this choice is of great interest given its easy deployment and setup time reduction. The tested model performances indicate that the tool is sensitive enough to detect both locomotor-induced and stimulus-evoked pupillary changes, and its output is comparable to state-of-the-art commercial devices.
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54
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Linden NJ, Tabuena DR, Steinmetz NA, Moody WJ, Brunton SL, Brunton BW. Go with the FLOW: visualizing spatiotemporal dynamics in optical widefield calcium imaging. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210523. [PMID: 34428947 PMCID: PMC8385384 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Widefield calcium imaging has recently emerged as a powerful experimental technique to record coordinated large-scale brain activity. These measurements present a unique opportunity to characterize spatiotemporally coherent structures that underlie neural activity across many regions of the brain. In this work, we leverage analytic techniques from fluid dynamics to develop a visualization framework that highlights features of flow across the cortex, mapping wavefronts that may be correlated with behavioural events. First, we transform the time series of widefield calcium images into time-varying vector fields using optic flow. Next, we extract concise diagrams summarizing the dynamics, which we refer to as FLOW (flow lines in optical widefield imaging) portraits. These FLOW portraits provide an intuitive map of dynamic calcium activity, including regions of initiation and termination, as well as the direction and extent of activity spread. To extract these structures, we use the finite-time Lyapunov exponent technique developed to analyse time-varying manifolds in unsteady fluids. Importantly, our approach captures coherent structures that are poorly represented by traditional modal decomposition techniques. We demonstrate the application of FLOW portraits on three simple synthetic datasets and two widefield calcium imaging datasets, including cortical waves in the developing mouse and spontaneous cortical activity in an adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Linden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - Dennis R. Tabuena
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Steinmetz
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - William J. Moody
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - Steven L. Brunton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - Bingni W. Brunton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
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55
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Zhang SY, Jeffers MS, Lagace DC, Kirton A, Silasi G. Developmental and Interventional Plasticity of Motor Maps after Perinatal Stroke. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6157-6172. [PMID: 34083257 PMCID: PMC8276736 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3185-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the perinatal stroke field, there is a need to establish preclinical models where putative biomarkers for motor function can be examined. In a mouse model of perinatal stroke, we evaluated motor map size and movement latency following optogenetic cortical stimulation against three factors of post-stroke biomarker utility: (1) correlation to chronic impairment on a behavioral test battery; (2) amenability to change using a skilled motor training paradigm; and (3) ability to distinguish individuals with potential to respond well to training. Thy1-ChR2-YFP mice received a photothrombotic stroke at postnatal day 7 and were evaluated on a battery of motor tests between days 59 and 70. Following a cranial window implant, mice underwent longitudinal optogenetic motor mapping both before and after 3 weeks of skilled forelimb training. Map size and movement latency of both hemispheres were positively correlated with impaired spontaneous forelimb use, whereas only ipsilesional hemisphere map size was correlated with performance in skilled reaching. Map size and movement latency did not show groupwise changes with training; however, mice with the smallest pretraining map sizes and worst impairments demonstrated the greatest expansion of map size in response to skilled forelimb training. Overall, motor map size showed utility as a potential biomarker for impairment and training-induced modulation in specific individuals. Future assessment of the predictive capacity of post-stroke motor representations for behavioral outcome in animal models opens the possibility of dissecting how plasticity mechanisms contribute to recovery following perinatal stroke.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We investigated the utility of two cortical motor representation measures (motor map size and movement onset latency) as potential biomarkers for post-stroke motor recovery in a mouse model of perinatal stroke. Both motor map size and movement latency were associated with functional recovery after perinatal stroke, with map size showing an additional association between training responsiveness and severity of impairment. Overall, both motor map size and movement onset latency show potential as neurophysiological correlates of recovery. As such, future studies of perinatal stroke rehabilitation and neuromodulation should include these measures to help explain neurophysiological changes that might be occurring in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Matthew S Jeffers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Diane C Lagace
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Adam Kirton
- Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada K1H 8M5
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Gergely Silasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
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56
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Gui S, Li J, Li M, Shi L, Lu J, Shen S, Li P, Mei W. Revealing the Cortical Glutamatergic Neural Activity During Burst Suppression by Simultaneous wide Field Calcium Imaging and Electroencephalography in Mice. Neuroscience 2021; 469:110-124. [PMID: 34237388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Burst suppression (BS) is an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern in which signals alternates between high-amplitude slow waves (burst waves) and nearly flat low-amplitude waves (suppression waves). In this study, we used wide-field (8.32 mm × 8.32 mm) fluorescent calcium imaging to record the activity of glutamatergic neurons in the parietal and occipital cortex, in conjunction with EEG recordings under BS induced by different anesthetics (sevoflurane, isoflurane, and propofol), to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of neural activity under BS. The calcium signal of all observed cortices was decreased during the phase of EEG suppression. However, during the phase of EEG burst, the calcium signal in areas of the medial cortex, such as the secondary motor and retrosplenial area, was excited, whereas the signal in areas of the lateral cortex, such as the hindlimb cortex, forelimb cortex, barrel field, and primary visual area, was still suppressed or only weakly excited. Correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between the EEG signal and the calcium signal in the medial cortex under BS (except for propofol induced signals). As the burst-suppression ratio (BSR) increased, the regions with strong correlation coefficients became smaller, but strong correlation coefficients were still noted in the medial cortex. Taken together, our results reveal the landscape of cortical activity underlying BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Gui
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Miaowen Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jinling Lu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02121, United States
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215125, China.
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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57
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Nguyen T, Gao J, Wang P, Nagesetti A, Andrews P, Masood S, Vriesman Z, Liang P, Khizroev S, Jin X. In Vivo Wireless Brain Stimulation via Non-invasive and Targeted Delivery of Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2091-2106. [PMID: 34131858 PMCID: PMC8609092 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireless and precise stimulation of deep brain structures could have important applications to study intact brain circuits and treat neurological disorders. Herein, we report that magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) can be guided to a targeted brain region to stimulate brain activity with a magnetic field. We demonstrated the nanoparticles' capability to reliably evoke fast neuronal responses in cortical slices ex vivo. After fluorescently labeled MENs were intravenously injected and delivered to a targeted brain region by applying a magnetic field gradient, a magnetic field of low intensity (350-450 Oe) applied to the mouse head reliably evoked cortical activities, as revealed by two-photon and mesoscopic imaging of calcium signals and by an increased number of c-Fos expressing cells after stimulation. Neither brain delivery of MENs nor the magnetic stimulation caused significant increases in astrocytes and microglia. Thus, MENs could enable a non-invasive and contactless deep brain stimulation without the need of genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Nguyen
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Medical Neuroscience Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Abhignyan Nagesetti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Peter Andrews
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Sehban Masood
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Zoe Vriesman
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | | | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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58
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Couto J, Musall S, Sun XR, Khanal A, Gluf S, Saxena S, Kinsella I, Abe T, Cunningham JP, Paninski L, Churchland AK. Chronic, cortex-wide imaging of specific cell populations during behavior. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3241-3263. [PMID: 34075229 PMCID: PMC8788140 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of neuronal activity across brain areas are important for understanding the neural correlates of cognitive and motor processes such as attention, decision-making and action selection. However, techniques that allow cellular resolution measurements are expensive and require a high degree of technical expertise, which limits their broad use. Wide-field imaging of genetically encoded indicators is a high-throughput, cost-effective and flexible approach to measure activity of specific cell populations with high temporal resolution and a cortex-wide field of view. Here we outline our protocol for assembling a wide-field macroscope setup, performing surgery to prepare the intact skull and imaging neural activity chronically in behaving, transgenic mice. Further, we highlight a processing pipeline that leverages novel, cloud-based methods to analyze large-scale imaging datasets. The protocol targets laboratories that are seeking to build macroscopes, optimize surgical procedures for long-term chronic imaging and/or analyze cortex-wide neuronal recordings. The entire protocol, including steps for assembly and calibration of the macroscope, surgical preparation, imaging and data analysis, requires a total of 8 h. It is designed to be accessible to laboratories with limited expertise in imaging methods or interest in high-throughput imaging during behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Couto
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Musall
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Biology 2, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaonan R Sun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Anup Khanal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gluf
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Shreya Saxena
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ian Kinsella
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taiga Abe
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Cunningham
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liam Paninski
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne K Churchland
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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59
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Orsolic I, Rio M, Mrsic-Flogel TD, Znamenskiy P. Mesoscale cortical dynamics reflect the interaction of sensory evidence and temporal expectation during perceptual decision-making. Neuron 2021; 109:1861-1875.e10. [PMID: 33861941 PMCID: PMC8186564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
How sensory evidence is transformed across multiple brain regions to influence behavior remains poorly understood. We trained mice in a visual change detection task designed to separate the covert antecedents of choices from activity associated with their execution. Wide-field calcium imaging across the dorsal cortex revealed fundamentally different dynamics of activity underlying these processes. Although signals related to execution of choice were widespread, fluctuations in sensory evidence in the absence of overt motor responses triggered a confined activity cascade, beginning with transient modulation of visual cortex and followed by sustained recruitment of the secondary and primary motor cortex. Activation of the motor cortex by sensory evidence was modulated by animals' expectation of when the stimulus was likely to change. These results reveal distinct activation timescales of specific cortical areas by sensory evidence during decision-making and show that recruitment of the motor cortex depends on the interaction of sensory evidence and temporal expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Orsolic
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London W1T 4JG, UK; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Rio
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London W1T 4JG, UK; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Thomas D Mrsic-Flogel
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London W1T 4JG, UK; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Petr Znamenskiy
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London W1T 4JG, UK; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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60
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Chung DY, Oka F, Jin G, Harriott A, Kura S, Aykan SA, Qin T, Edmiston WJ, Lee H, Yaseen MA, Sakadžić S, Boas DA, Whalen MJ, Ayata C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to early and persistent functional connectivity and behavioral changes in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:975-985. [PMID: 32936728 PMCID: PMC8054726 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20940152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) leads to significant long-term cognitive deficits, which can be associated with alterations in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). However, modalities such as fMRI-which is commonly used to assess RSFC in humans-have practical limitations in small animals. Therefore, we used non-invasive optical intrinsic signal imaging to determine the effect of SAH on RSFC in mice up to three months after prechiasmatic blood injection. We assessed Morris water maze (MWM), open field test (OFT), Y-maze, and rotarod performance from approximately two weeks to three months after SAH. Compared to sham, we found that SAH reduced motor, retrosplenial, and visual seed-based connectivity indices. These deficits persisted in retrosplenial and visual cortex seeds at three months. Seed-to-seed analysis confirmed early attenuation of correlation coefficients in SAH mice, which persisted in predominantly posterior network connections at later time points. Seed-independent global and interhemispheric indices of connectivity revealed decreased correlations following SAH for at least one month. SAH led to MWM hidden platform and OFT deficits at two weeks, and Y-maze deficits for at least three months, without altering rotarod performance. In conclusion, experimental SAH leads to early and persistent alterations both in hemodynamically derived measures of RSFC and in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Chung
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fumiaki Oka
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Gina Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Harriott
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanem A Aykan
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - William J Edmiston
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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61
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Spears LD, Adak S, Dong G, Wei X, Spyropoulos G, Zhang Q, Yin L, Feng C, Hu D, Lodhi IJ, Hsu FF, Rajagopal R, Noguchi KK, Halabi CM, Brier L, Bice AR, Lananna BV, Musiek ES, Avraham O, Cavalli V, Holth JK, Holtzman DM, Wozniak DF, Culver JP, Semenkovich CF. Endothelial ether lipids link the vasculature to blood pressure, behavior, and neurodegeneration. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100079. [PMID: 33894211 PMCID: PMC8144742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease contributes to neurodegeneration, which is associated with decreased blood pressure in older humans. Plasmalogens, ether phospholipids produced by peroxisomes, are decreased in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, the mechanistic links between ether phospholipids, blood pressure, and neurodegeneration are not fully understood. Here, we show that endothelium-derived ether phospholipids affect blood pressure, behavior, and neurodegeneration in mice. In young adult mice, inducible endothelial-specific disruption of PexRAP, a peroxisomal enzyme required for ether lipid synthesis, unexpectedly decreased circulating plasmalogens. PexRAP endothelial knockout (PEKO) mice responded normally to hindlimb ischemia but had lower blood pressure and increased plasma renin activity. In PEKO as compared with control mice, tyrosine hydroxylase was decreased in the locus coeruleus, which maintains blood pressure and arousal. PEKO mice moved less, slept more, and had impaired attention to and recall of environmental events as well as mild spatial memory deficits. In PEKO hippocampus, gliosis was increased, and a plasmalogen associated with memory was decreased. Despite lower blood pressure, PEKO mice had generally normal homotopic functional connectivity by optical neuroimaging of the cerebral cortex. Decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylation, a marker of neurodegeneration, was detected in PEKO cerebral cortex. In a co-culture system, PexRAP knockdown in brain endothelial cells decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylation in co-cultured astrocytes that was rescued by incubation with the ether lipid alkylglycerol. Taken together, our findings suggest that endothelium-derived ether lipids mediate several biological processes and may also confer neuroprotection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry D Spears
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Adak
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guifang Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochao Wei
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Li Yin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chu Feng
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donghua Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rithwick Rajagopal
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin K Noguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsey Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian V Lananna
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jerrah K Holth
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David F Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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62
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Cramer SW, Carter RE, Aronson JD, Kodandaramaiah SB, Ebner TJ, Chen CC. Through the looking glass: A review of cranial window technology for optical access to the brain. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 354:109100. [PMID: 33600850 PMCID: PMC8100903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering neurologic function is a daunting task, requiring understanding the neuronal networks and emergent properties that arise from the interactions among single neurons. Mechanistic insights into neuronal networks require tools that simultaneously assess both single neuron activity and the consequent mesoscale output. The development of cranial window technologies, in which the skull is thinned or replaced with a synthetic optical interface, has enabled monitoring neuronal activity from subcellular to mesoscale resolution in awake, behaving animals when coupled with advanced microscopy techniques. Here we review recent achievements in cranial window technologies, appraise the relative merits of each design and discuss the future research in cranial window design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Cramer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Mayo D429, MMC 96, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Russell E Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Room 421, 2001 Sixth Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455 MN, USA
| | - Justin D Aronson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Room 421, 2001 Sixth Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455 MN, USA
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Room 421, 2001 Sixth Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455 MN, USA.
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Mayo D429, MMC 96, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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63
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Rynes ML, Surinach DA, Linn S, Laroque M, Rajendran V, Dominguez J, Hadjistamoulou O, Navabi ZS, Ghanbari L, Johnson GW, Nazari M, Mohajerani MH, Kodandaramaiah SB. Miniaturized head-mounted microscope for whole-cortex mesoscale imaging in freely behaving mice. Nat Methods 2021; 18:417-425. [PMID: 33820987 PMCID: PMC8034419 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genetically encoded calcium indicators, along with surgical preparations such as thinned skulls or refractive index matched skulls, have enabled mesoscale cortical activity imaging in head-fixed mice. However, neural activity during unrestrained behavior substantially differs from neural activity in head-fixed animals. For whole-cortex imaging in freely behaving mice, we here present the “mini-mScope,” a wide-field, miniaturized, and head-mounted fluorescence microscope compatible with transparent polymer skull preparations. With a field of view of 8 mm x 10 mm and weighing less than 4 g, the mini-mScope can image most of the mouse dorsal cortex with resolution ranging from 39 to 56 μm. We have used the mini-mScope to record mesoscale calcium activity across the dorsal cortex during sensory-evoked stimuli, open field behaviors, social interactions, and transitions from wakefulness to sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew L Rynes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel A Surinach
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samantha Linn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Laroque
- Schools of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vijay Rajendran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Judith Dominguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Orestes Hadjistamoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zahra S Navabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Leila Ghanbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gregory W Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mojtaba Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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64
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White BR, Padawer-Curry JA, Ko T, Baker W, Breimann J, Cohen AS, Licht DJ, Yodh AG. Wavelength censoring for spectroscopy in optical functional neuroimaging. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:065026. [PMID: 33326946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical neuromonitoring provides insight into neurovascular physiology and brain structure and function. These methods rely on spectroscopy to relate light absorption changes to variation of concentrations of physiologic chromophores such as oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. In clinical or preclinical practice, data quality can vary significantly across wavelengths. In such situations, standard spectroscopic methods may perform poorly, resulting in data loss and limiting field-of-view. To address this issue, and thereby improve the robustness of optical neuromonitoring, we develop, in this manuscript, novel methods to perform spectroscopy even when data quality exhibits wavelength-dependent spatial variation. We sought to understand the impact of spatial, wavelength-based censoring on the physiologic accuracy and utility of hemoglobin spectroscopy. The principles of our analysis are quite general, but to make the methodology tangible we focused on optical intrinsic signal imaging of resting-state functional connectivity in mice. Starting with spectroscopy using four sources, all possible subset spectroscopy matrices were assessed theoretically, using simulated data, and using experimental data. These results were compared against the use of the full spectroscopy matrix to determine which subsets yielded robust results. Our results demonstrated that accurate calculation of changes in hemoglobin concentrations and the resulting functional connectivity network maps was possible even with censoring of some wavelengths. Additionally, we found that the use of changes in total hemoglobin (rather than oxy- or deoxyhemoglobin) yielded results more robust to experimental noise and allowed for the preservation of more data. This new and rigorous image processing method should improve the fidelity of clinical and preclinical functional neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R White
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Pediatric Cardiology-8NW, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jonah A Padawer-Curry
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Ko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wesley Baker
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jake Breimann
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Akiva S Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Abramson Research Center, Room 816-H, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Licht
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arjun G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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65
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Doostdar N, Airey J, Radulescu CI, Melgosa-Ecenarro L, Zabouri N, Pavlidi P, Kopanitsa M, Saito T, Saido T, Barnes SJ. Multi-scale network imaging in a mouse model of amyloidosis. Cell Calcium 2021; 95:102365. [PMID: 33610083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adult neocortex is not hard-wired but instead retains the capacity to reorganise across multiple spatial scales long into adulthood. Plastic reorganisation occurs at the level of mesoscopic sensory maps, functional neuronal assemblies and synaptic ensembles and is thought to be a critical feature of neuronal network function. Here, we describe a series of approaches that use calcium imaging to measure network reorganisation across multiple spatial scales in vivo. At the mesoscopic level, we demonstrate that sensory activity can be measured in animals undergoing longitudinal behavioural assessment involving automated touchscreen tasks. At the cellular level, we show that network dynamics can be longitudinally measured at both stable and transient functional assemblies. At the level of single synapses, we show that functional subcellular calcium imaging approaches can be used to measure synaptic ensembles of dendritic spines in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that all three levels of imaging can be spatially related to local pathology in a preclinical rodent model of amyloidosis. We propose that multi-scale in vivo calcium imaging can be used to measure parallel plasticity processes operating across multiple spatial scales in both the healthy brain and preclinical models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Doostdar
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Airey
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Leire Melgosa-Ecenarro
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nawal Zabouri
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Pavlina Pavlidi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Maksym Kopanitsa
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Centre for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Samuel J Barnes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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66
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Gamma frequency activation of inhibitory neurons in the acute phase after stroke attenuates vascular and behavioral dysfunction. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108696. [PMID: 33535035 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in gamma oscillations occur in several neurological disorders, and the entrainment of gamma oscillations has been recently proposed as a treatment for neurodegenerative disease. Optogenetic stimulation enhances recovery in models of stroke when applied weeks after injury; however, the benefits of acute brain stimulation have not been investigated. Here, we report beneficial effects of gamma-frequency modulation in the acute phase, within 1 h, after stroke. Transgenic VGAT-ChR2 mice are subject to awake photothrombotic stroke in an area encompassing the forelimb sensory and motor cortex. Optogenetic stimulation at 40 Hz in the peri-infarct zone recovers neuronal activity 24 h after stroke in motor and parietal association areas, as well as blood flow over the first week after stroke. Stimulation significantly reduces lesion volume and improves motor function. Our results suggest that acute-phase modulation of cortical oscillatory dynamics may serve as a target for neuroprotection against stroke.
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67
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Padawer-Curry JA, Jahnavi J, Breimann JS, Licht DJ, Yodh AG, Cohen AS, White BR. Variability in atlas registration of optical intrinsic signal imaging and its effect on functional connectivity analysis. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2021; 38:245-252. [PMID: 33690536 PMCID: PMC7993363 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.410447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To compare neuroimaging data between subjects, images from individual sessions need to be aligned to a common reference or "atlas." Atlas registration of optical intrinsic signal imaging of mice, for example, is commonly performed using affine transforms with parameters determined by manual selection of canonical skull landmarks. Errors introduced by such procedures have not previously been investigated. We quantify the variability that arises from this process and consequent errors from misalignment that affect interpretation of functional neuroimaging data. We propose an improved method, using separately acquired high-resolution images and demonstrate improvements in variability and alignment using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah A. Padawer-Curry
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jharna Jahnavi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jake S. Breimann
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel J. Licht
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania. 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Akiva S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Brian R. White
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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68
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Smith SE, Chen X, Brier LM, Bumstead JR, Rensing NR, Ringel AE, Shin H, Oldenborg A, Crowley JR, Bice AR, Dikranian K, Ippolito JE, Haigis MC, Papouin T, Zhao G, Wong M, Culver JP, Bonni A. Astrocyte deletion of α2-Na/K ATPase triggers episodic motor paralysis in mice via a metabolic pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6164. [PMID: 33268780 PMCID: PMC7710756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hemiplegic migraine is an episodic neurological disorder characterized by transient sensory and motor symptoms and signs. Mutations of the ion pump α2-Na/K ATPase cause familial hemiplegic migraine, but the mechanisms by which α2-Na/K ATPase mutations lead to the migraine phenotype remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that mice in which α2-Na/K ATPase is conditionally deleted in astrocytes display episodic paralysis. Functional neuroimaging reveals that conditional α2-Na/K ATPase knockout triggers spontaneous cortical spreading depression events that are associated with EEG low voltage activity events, which correlate with transient motor impairment in these mice. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses show that α2-Na/K ATPase loss alters metabolic gene expression with consequent serine and glycine elevation in the brain. A serine- and glycine-free diet rescues the transient motor impairment in conditional α2-Na/K ATPase knockout mice. Together, our findings define a metabolic mechanism regulated by astrocytic α2-Na/K ATPase that triggers episodic motor paralysis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- MD-PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lindsey M Brier
- MD-PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Bumstead
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rensing
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alison E Ringel
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haewon Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anna Oldenborg
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jan R Crowley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Krikor Dikranian
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Papouin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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69
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Gallero-Salas Y, Han S, Sych Y, Voigt FF, Laurenczy B, Gilad A, Helmchen F. Sensory and Behavioral Components of Neocortical Signal Flow in Discrimination Tasks with Short-Term Memory. Neuron 2020; 109:135-148.e6. [PMID: 33159842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the neocortex, each sensory modality engages distinct sensory areas that route information to association areas. Where signal flow converges for maintaining information in short-term memory and how behavior may influence signal routing remain open questions. Using wide-field calcium imaging, we compared cortex-wide neuronal activity in layer 2/3 for mice trained in auditory and tactile tasks with delayed response. In both tasks, mice were either active or passive during stimulus presentation, moving their body or sitting quietly. Irrespective of behavioral strategy, auditory and tactile stimulation activated distinct subdivisions of the posterior parietal cortex, anterior area A and rostrolateral area RL, which held stimulus-related information necessary for the respective tasks. In the delay period, in contrast, behavioral strategy rather than sensory modality determined short-term memory location, with activity converging frontomedially in active trials and posterolaterally in passive trials. Our results suggest behavior-dependent routing of sensory-driven cortical signals flow from modality-specific posterior parietal cortex (PPC) subdivisions to higher association areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Gallero-Salas
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuting Han
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yaroslav Sych
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian F Voigt
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Balazs Laurenczy
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Gilad
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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70
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Abstract
Widefield fluorescence microscopy is used to monitor the spiking of populations of neurons in the brain. Widefield fluorescence can originate from indicator molecules at all depths in cortex and the relative contributions from somata, dendrites, and axons are often unknown. Here, I simulate widefield illumination and fluorescence collection and determine the main sources of fluorescence for several GCaMP mouse lines. Scattering strongly affects illumination and collection. One consequence is that illumination intensity is greatest ~300-400 µm below the pia, not at the brain surface. Another is that fluorescence from a source deep in cortex may extend across a diameter of 3-4 mm at the brain surface, severely limiting lateral resolution. In many mouse lines, the volume of tissue contributing to fluorescence extends through the full depth of cortex and fluorescence at most surface locations is a weighted average across multiple cortical columns and often more than one cortical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
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71
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Cardin JA, Crair MC, Higley MJ. Mesoscopic Imaging: Shining a Wide Light on Large-Scale Neural Dynamics. Neuron 2020; 108:33-43. [PMID: 33058764 PMCID: PMC7577373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging has revolutionized our ability to monitor brain activity, spanning spatial scales from synapses to cells to circuits. Here, we summarize the rapid development and application of mesoscopic imaging, a widefield fluorescence-based approach that balances high spatiotemporal resolution with extraordinarily large fields of view. By leveraging the continued expansion of fluorescent reporters for neuronal activity and novel strategies for indicator expression, mesoscopic analysis enables measurement and correlation of network dynamics with behavioral state and task performance. Moreover, the combination of widefield imaging with cellular resolution methods such as two-photon microscopy and electrophysiology is bridging boundaries between cellular and network analyses. Overall, mesoscopic imaging provides a powerful option in the optical toolbox for investigation of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael C Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael J Higley
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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72
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Wang Y, Liang G, Liu F, Chen Q, Xi L. A Long-Term Cranial Window for High-Resolution Photoacoustic Imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:706-711. [PMID: 32746074 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3012663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we introduce the design, fabrication, and assessment of an optically and acoustically transparent, long-term and biocompatible cranial window for high-resolution photoacoustic microscopy of rat cerebral cortex. METHODS The cranial window is fabricated with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer bonded with a glass ring (outer diameter: 8 mm, inner diameter: 5 mm) via air plasma cleaning. A detailed comparison of image quality was performed with the implantation of cranial windows using different thicknesses of the PDMS film, and the cover glass. In addition, long-term in vivo monitoring of rat cerebral cortex was conducted to evaluate the stability of the cranial window. Furthermore, we successfully applied this window for longitudinal photoacoustic imaging in freely moving rats. RESULTS Based on a detailed evaluation, the cranial window fabricated with PDMS has a better imaging quality compared with a conventional cover-glass-based cranial window. The optimal film thickness is 50 μm considering the elastic deforming capability of PDMS. The cranial window maintained good quality for 21 and 12 days in anesthetized and free moving rats, respectively. CONCLUSION The cranial window has a good imaging quality for both anesthetized and behaving rats, enabling long-term, high-resolution, and steady photoacoustic imaging of cerebral vasculatures. SIGNIFICANCE Based on the studies of both anesthetized and behaving rats, the proposed cranial window has the potential to be used in the longitudinal in vivo study of chronic brain diseases in freely moving rodents.
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73
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Kraft AW, Mitra A, Rosenthal ZP, Dosenbach NUF, Bauer AQ, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME, Culver JP, Lee JM. Electrically coupled inhibitory interneurons constrain long-range connectivity of cortical networks. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116810. [PMID: 32276058 PMCID: PMC7292744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous infra-slow brain activity (ISA) exhibits a high degree of temporal synchrony, or correlation, between distant brain regions. The spatial organization of ISA synchrony is not explained by anatomical connections alone, suggesting that active neural processes coordinate spontaneous activity. Inhibitory interneurons (IINs) form electrically coupled connections via the gap junction protein connexin 36 (Cx36) and networks of interconnected IINs are known to influence neural synchrony over short distances. However, the role of electrically coupled IIN networks in regulating spontaneous correlation over the entire brain is unknown. In this study, we performed OIS imaging on Cx36-/- mice to examine the role of this gap junction in ISA correlation across the entire cortex. We show that Cx36 deletion increased long-distance intra-hemispheric anti-correlation and inter-hemispheric correlation in spontaneous ISA. This suggests that electrically coupled IIN networks modulate ISA synchrony over long cortical distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anish Mitra
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, USA.
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74
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Real-Time Selective Markerless Tracking of Forepaws of Head Fixed Mice Using Deep Neural Networks. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0096-20.2020. [PMID: 32409507 PMCID: PMC7307631 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0096-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a system capable of tracking specific mouse paw movements at high frame rates (70.17 Hz) with a high level of accuracy (mean = 0.95, SD < 0.01). Short-latency markerless tracking of specific body parts opens up the possibility of manipulating motor feedback. We present a software and hardware scheme built on DeepLabCut—a robust movement-tracking deep neural network framework—which enables real-time estimation of paw and digit movements of mice. Using this approach, we demonstrate movement-generated feedback by triggering a USB-GPIO (general-purpose input/output)-controlled LED when the movement of one paw, but not the other, selectively exceeds a preset threshold. The mean time delay between paw movement initiation and LED flash was 44.41 ms (SD = 36.39 ms), a latency sufficient for applying behaviorally triggered feedback. We adapt DeepLabCut for real-time tracking as an open-source package we term DeepCut2RealTime. The ability of the package to rapidly assess animal behavior was demonstrated by reinforcing specific movements within water-restricted, head-fixed mice. This system could inform future work on a behaviorally triggered “closed loop” brain–machine interface that could reinforce behaviors or deliver feedback to brain regions based on prespecified body movements.
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75
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Kostyuk AI, Kokova AD, Podgorny OV, Kelmanson IV, Fetisova ES, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. Genetically Encoded Tools for Research of Cell Signaling and Metabolism under Brain Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E516. [PMID: 32545356 PMCID: PMC7346190 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is characterized by low oxygen content in the tissues. The central nervous system (CNS) is highly vulnerable to a lack of oxygen. Prolonged hypoxia leads to the death of brain cells, which underlies the development of many pathological conditions. Despite the relevance of the topic, different approaches used to study the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia have many limitations. One promising lead is the use of various genetically encoded tools that allow for the observation of intracellular parameters in living systems. In the first part of this review, we provide the classification of oxygen/hypoxia reporters as well as describe other genetically encoded reporters for various metabolic and redox parameters that could be implemented in hypoxia studies. In the second part, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the primary hypoxia model systems and highlight inspiring examples of research in which these experimental settings were combined with genetically encoded reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Kostyuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra D. Kokova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Kelmanson
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Fetisova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V. Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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76
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MacDowell CJ, Buschman TJ. Low-Dimensional Spatiotemporal Dynamics Underlie Cortex-wide Neural Activity. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2665-2680.e8. [PMID: 32470366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cognition arises from the dynamic flow of neural activity through the brain. To capture these dynamics, we used mesoscale calcium imaging to record neural activity across the dorsal cortex of awake mice. We found that the large majority of variance in cortex-wide activity (∼75%) could be explained by a limited set of ∼14 "motifs" of neural activity. Each motif captured a unique spatiotemporal pattern of neural activity across the cortex. These motifs generalized across animals and were seen in multiple behavioral environments. Motif expression differed across behavioral states, and specific motifs were engaged by sensory processing, suggesting the motifs reflect core cortical computations. Together, our results show that cortex-wide neural activity is highly dynamic but that these dynamics are restricted to a low-dimensional set of motifs, potentially allowing for efficient control of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camden J MacDowell
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Timothy J Buschman
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Washington Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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77
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Murphy TH, Michelson NJ, Boyd JD, Fong T, Bolanos LA, Bierbrauer D, Siu T, Balbi M, Bolanos F, Vanni M, LeDue JM. Automated task training and longitudinal monitoring of mouse mesoscale cortical circuits using home cages. eLife 2020; 9:55964. [PMID: 32412409 PMCID: PMC7332290 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report improved automated open-source methodology for head-fixed mesoscale cortical imaging and/or behavioral training of home cage mice using Raspberry Pi-based hardware. Staged partial and probabilistic restraint allows mice to adjust to self-initiated headfixation over 3 weeks' time with ~50% participation rate. We support a cue-based behavioral licking task monitored by a capacitive touch-sensor water spout. While automatically head-fixed, we acquire spontaneous, movement-triggered, or licking task-evoked GCaMP6 cortical signals. An analysis pipeline marked both behavioral events, as well as analyzed brain fluorescence signals as they relate to spontaneous and/or task-evoked behavioral activity. Mice were trained to suppress licking and wait for cues that marked the delivery of water. Correct rewarded go-trials were associated with widespread activation of midline and lateral barrel cortex areas following a vibration cue and delayed frontal and lateral motor cortex activation. Cortical GCaMP signals predicted trial success and correlated strongly with trial-outcome dependent body movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Michelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jamie D Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tony Fong
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Luis A Bolanos
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Bierbrauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Teri Siu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Federico Bolanos
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matthieu Vanni
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeff M LeDue
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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78
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Rosenthal ZP, Raut RV, Yan P, Koko D, Kraft AW, Czerniewski L, Acland B, Mitra A, Snyder LH, Bauer AQ, Snyder AZ, Culver JP, Raichle ME, Lee JM. Local Perturbations of Cortical Excitability Propagate Differentially Through Large-Scale Functional Networks. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3352-3369. [PMID: 32043145 PMCID: PMC7305790 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological recordings have established that GABAergic interneurons regulate excitability, plasticity, and computational function within local neural circuits. Importantly, GABAergic inhibition is focally disrupted around sites of brain injury. However, it remains unclear whether focal imbalances in inhibition/excitation lead to widespread changes in brain activity. Here, we test the hypothesis that focal perturbations in excitability disrupt large-scale brain network dynamics. We used viral chemogenetics in mice to reversibly manipulate parvalbumin interneuron (PV-IN) activity levels in whisker barrel somatosensory cortex. We then assessed how this imbalance affects cortical network activity in awake mice using wide-field optical neuroimaging of pyramidal neuron GCaMP dynamics as well as local field potential recordings. We report 1) that local changes in excitability can cause remote, network-wide effects, 2) that these effects propagate differentially through intra- and interhemispheric connections, and 3) that chemogenetic constructs can induce plasticity in cortical excitability and functional connectivity. These findings may help to explain how focal activity changes following injury lead to widespread network dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Rosenthal
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan V Raut
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deima Koko
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Leah Czerniewski
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Acland
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anish Mitra
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lawrence H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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79
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Gilad A, Helmchen F. Spatiotemporal refinement of signal flow through association cortex during learning. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1744. [PMID: 32269226 PMCID: PMC7142160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Association areas in neocortex encode novel stimulus-outcome relationships, but the principles of their engagement during task learning remain elusive. Using chronic wide-field calcium imaging, we reveal two phases of spatiotemporal refinement of layer 2/3 cortical activity in mice learning whisker-based texture discrimination in the dark. Even before mice reach learning threshold, association cortex-including rostro-lateral (RL), posteromedial (PM), and retrosplenial dorsal (RD) areas-is generally suppressed early during trials (between auditory start cue and whisker-texture touch). As learning proceeds, a spatiotemporal activation sequence builds up, spreading from auditory areas to RL immediately before texture touch (whereas PM and RD remain suppressed) and continuing into barrel cortex, which eventually efficiently discriminates between textures. Additional correlation analysis substantiates this diverging learning-related refinement within association cortex. Our results indicate that a pre-learning phase of general suppression in association cortex precedes a learning-related phase of task-specific signal flow enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Gilad
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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80
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Azimi Z, Barzan R, Spoida K, Surdin T, Wollenweber P, Mark MD, Herlitze S, Jancke D. Separable gain control of ongoing and evoked activity in the visual cortex by serotonergic input. eLife 2020; 9:e53552. [PMID: 32252889 PMCID: PMC7138610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling gain of cortical activity is essential to modulate weights between internal ongoing communication and external sensory drive. Here, we show that serotonergic input has separable suppressive effects on the gain of ongoing and evoked visual activity. We combined optogenetic stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) with wide-field calcium imaging, extracellular recordings, and iontophoresis of serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists in the mouse visual cortex. 5-HT1A receptors promote divisive suppression of spontaneous activity, while 5-HT2A receptors act divisively on visual response gain and largely account for normalization of population responses over a range of visual contrasts in awake and anesthetized states. Thus, 5-HT input provides balanced but distinct suppressive effects on ongoing and evoked activity components across neuronal populations. Imbalanced 5-HT1A/2A activation, either through receptor-specific drug intake, genetically predisposed irregular 5-HT receptor density, or change in sensory bombardment may enhance internal broadcasts and reduce sensory drive and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Azimi
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Ruxandra Barzan
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Katharina Spoida
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Tatjana Surdin
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Patric Wollenweber
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Melanie D Mark
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Dirk Jancke
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
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81
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Valley MT, Moore MG, Zhuang J, Mesa N, Castelli D, Sullivan D, Reimers M, Waters J. Separation of hemodynamic signals from GCaMP fluorescence measured with wide-field imaging. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:356-366. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00304.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide-field calcium imaging is often used to measure brain dynamics in behaving mice. With a large field of view and a high sampling rate, wide-field imaging can monitor activity from several distant cortical areas simultaneously, revealing cortical interactions. Interpretation of wide-field images is complicated, however, by the absorption of light by hemoglobin, which can substantially affect the measured fluorescence. One approach to separating hemodynamics and calcium signals is to use multiwavelength backscatter recordings to measure light absorption by hemoglobin. Following this approach, we develop a spatially detailed regression-based method to estimate hemodynamics. This Spatial Model is based on a linear form of the Beer–Lambert relationship but is fit at every pixel in the image and does not rely on the estimation of physical parameters. In awake mice of three transgenic lines, the Spatial Model offers improved separation of hemodynamics and changes in GCaMP fluorescence. The improvement is pronounced near blood vessels and, in contrast with the Beer–Lambert equations, can remove vascular artifacts along the sagittal midline and in general permits more accurate fluorescence-based determination of neuronal activity across the cortex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper addresses a well-known and strong source of contamination in wide-field calcium-imaging data: hemodynamics. To guide researchers toward the best method to separate calcium signals from hemodynamics, we compare the performance of several methods in three commonly used mouse lines and present a novel regression model that outperforms the other techniques we consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Valley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - M. G. Moore
- Neuroscience Program and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - J. Zhuang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - N. Mesa
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - D. Castelli
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - D. Sullivan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - M. Reimers
- Neuroscience Program and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - J. Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington
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82
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White BR, Padawer-Curry JA, Cohen AS, Licht DJ, Yodh AG. Brain segmentation, spatial censoring, and averaging techniques for optical functional connectivity imaging in mice. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5952-5973. [PMID: 31799057 PMCID: PMC6865125 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity analysis using optical neuroimaging holds the potential to be a powerful bridge between mouse models of disease and clinical neurologic monitoring. However, analysis techniques specific to optical methods are rudimentary, and algorithms from magnetic resonance imaging are not always applicable to optics. We have developed visual processing tools to increase data quality, improve brain segmentation, and average across sessions with better field-of-view. We demonstrate improved performance using resting-state optical intrinsic signal from normal mice. The proposed methods increase the amount of usable data from neuroimaging studies, improve image fidelity, and should be translatable to human optical neuroimaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. White
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Pediatric Cardiology - 8NW, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonah A. Padawer-Curry
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. 3501 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Akiva S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Abramson Research Center, Room 816-H, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J. Licht
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. 3501 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania. 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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83
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Li M, Gui S, Huang Q, Shi L, Lu J, Li P. Density center-based fast clustering of widefield fluorescence imaging of cortical mesoscale functional connectivity and relation to structural connectivity. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:045014. [PMID: 31853460 PMCID: PMC6917047 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.4.045014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous resting-state neural activity or hemodynamics has been used to reveal functional connectivity in the brain. However, most of the commonly used clustering algorithms for functional parcellation are time-consuming, especially for high-resolution imaging data. We propose a density center-based fast clustering (DCBFC) method that can rapidly perform the functional parcellation of isocortex. DCBFC was validated using both simulation data and the spontaneous calcium signals from widefield fluorescence imaging of excitatory neuron-expressing transgenic mice (Vglut2-GCaMP6s). Compared to commonly used clustering methods such as k-means, hierarchical, and spectral, DCBFC showed a higher adjusted Rand index when the signal-to-noise ratio was greater than - 8 dB for simulated data and higher silhouette coefficient for in vivo mouse data. The resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns obtained by DCBFC were compared with the anatomic axonal projection density (PDs) maps derived from the voxel-scale model. The results showed a high spatial correlation between RSFC patterns and PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaowen Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shen Gui
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinling Lu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
- Address all correspondence to Pengcheng Li, E-mail:
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84
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Kraft AW, Bauer AQ, Culver JP, Lee JM. Sensory deprivation after focal ischemia in mice accelerates brain remapping and improves functional recovery through Arc-dependent synaptic plasticity. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/426/eaag1328. [PMID: 29386356 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recovery after stroke, a major cause of adult disability, is often unpredictable and incomplete. Behavioral recovery is associated with functional reorganization (remapping) in perilesional regions, suggesting that promoting this process might be an effective strategy to enhance recovery. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying remapping after brain injury and the consequences of its modulation are poorly understood. Focal sensory loss or deprivation has been shown to induce remapping in the corresponding brain areas through activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc)-mediated synaptic plasticity. We show that targeted sensory deprivation via whisker trimming in mice after induction of ischemic stroke in the somatosensory cortex representing forepaw accelerates remapping into the whisker barrel cortex and improves sensorimotor recovery. These improvements persisted even after focal sensory deprivation ended (whiskers allowed to regrow). Mice deficient in Arc, a gene critical for activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, failed to remap or recover sensorimotor function. These results indicate that post-stroke remapping occurs through Arc-mediated synaptic plasticity and is required for behavioral recovery. Furthermore, our findings suggest that enhancing perilesional cortical plasticity via focal sensory deprivation improves recovery after ischemic stroke in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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85
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Chen Q, Xie H, Xi L. Wearable optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900066. [PMID: 30989817 PMCID: PMC6688948 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ORPAM) is an emerging imaging technique, which has been extensively used to study various brain activities and disorders of the anesthetized/restricted rodents with a special focus on the morphological and functional visualization of cerebral cortex. However, it is challenging to develop a wearable photoacoustic microscope, which enables the investigation of brain activities/disorders on freely moving rodents. Here, we report a wearable and robust optical resolution photoacoustic microscope (W-ORPAM), which utilizes a small, light, stable and fast optical scanner. This wearable imaging probe features high spatiotemporal resolution, large field of view (FOV) and easy assembly as well as adjustable optical focus during the in vivo experiment, which makes it accessible to image cerebral cortex activities of freely moving rodents. To demonstrate the advantages of this technique, we used W-ORPAM to monitor both morphological and functional variations of vasculature in cerebral cortex during the induction of ischemia and reperfusion of a freely moving rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huikai Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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86
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Balbi M, Vanni MP, Vega MJ, Silasi G, Sekino Y, Boyd JD, LeDue JM, Murphy TH. Longitudinal monitoring of mesoscopic cortical activity in a mouse model of microinfarcts reveals dissociations with behavioral and motor function. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1486-1500. [PMID: 29521138 PMCID: PMC6681536 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18763428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small vessel disease is characterized by sporadic obstruction of small vessels leading to neuronal cell death. These microinfarcts often escape detection by conventional magnetic resonance imaging and are identified only upon postmortem examination. Our work explores a brain-wide microinfarct model in awake head-fixed mice, where occlusions of small penetrating arterioles are reproduced by endovascular injection of fluorescent microspheres. Mesoscopic functional connectivity was mapped longitudinally in awake GCaMP6 mice using genetically encoded calcium indicators for transcranial wide-field calcium imaging. Microsphere occlusions were quantified and changes in cerebral blood flow were measured with laser speckle imaging. The neurodeficit score in microinfarct mice was significantly higher than in sham, indicating impairment in motor function. The novel object recognition test showed a reduction in the discrimination index in microinfarct mice compared to sham. Graph-theoretic analysis of functional connectivity did not reveal significant differences in functional connectivity between sham and microinfarct mice. While behavioral tasks revealed impairments following microinfarct induction, the absence of measurable functional alterations in cortical activity has a less straightforward interpretation. The behavioral alterations produced by this model are consistent with alterations observed in human patients suffering from microinfarcts and support the validity of microsphere injection as a microinfarct model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Balbi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen
Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthieu P Vanni
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen
Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Max J Vega
- Department of Psychology, Motivated
Cognition Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Gergely Silasi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen
Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuki Sekino
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen
Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jamie D Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen
Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M LeDue
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen
Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain
Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy H Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen
Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain
Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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87
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Sweeney AM, Plá V, Du T, Liu G, Sun Q, Peng S, Plog BA, Kress BT, Wang X, Mestre H, Nedergaard M. In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31403617 DOI: 10.3791/59774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in rodents has largely been studied using ex vivo quantification of tracers. Techniques such as two-photon microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled in vivo quantification of CSF flow but they are limited by reduced imaging volumes and low spatial resolution, respectively. Recent work has found that CSF enters the brain parenchyma through a network of perivascular spaces surrounding the pial and penetrating arteries of the rodent cortex. This perivascular entry of CSF is a primary driver of the glymphatic system, a pathway implicated in the clearance of toxic metabolic solutes (e.g., amyloid-β). Here, we illustrate a new macroscopic imaging technique that allows real-time, mesoscopic imaging of fluorescent CSF tracers through the intact skull of live mice. This minimally-invasive method facilitates a multitude of experimental designs and enables single or repeated testing of CSF dynamics. Macroscopes have high spatial and temporal resolution and their large gantry and working distance allow for imaging while performing tasks on behavioral devices. This imaging approach has been validated using two-photon imaging and fluorescence measurements obtained from this technique strongly correlate with ex vivo fluorescence and quantification of radio-labeled tracers. In this protocol, we describe how transcranial macroscopic imaging can be used to evaluate glymphatic transport in live mice, offering an accessible alternative to more costly imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Sweeney
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Virginia Plá
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Ting Du
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Guojun Liu
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Sisi Peng
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Benjamin A Plog
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Benjamin T Kress
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Humberto Mestre
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center;
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen;
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88
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Chen Y, Liu S, Liu H, Tong S, Tang H, Zhang C, Yan S, Li H, Yang G, Zhu D, Wang K, Wang P. Coherent Raman Scattering Unravelling Mechanisms Underlying Skull Optical Clearing for Through-Skull Brain Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9371-9375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yage Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hongji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Shen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Huajun Tang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Haozheng Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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89
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Brier LM, Landsness EC, Snyder AZ, Wright PW, Baxter GA, Bauer AQ, Lee JM, Culver JP. Separability of calcium slow waves and functional connectivity during wake, sleep, and anesthesia. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:035002. [PMID: 31930154 PMCID: PMC6952529 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.3.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of brain state, e.g., by anesthesia, alters the correlation structure of spontaneous activity, especially in the delta band. This effect has largely been attributed to the ∼ 1 Hz slow oscillation that is characteristic of anesthesia and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. However, the effect of the slow oscillation on correlation structures and the spectral content of spontaneous activity across brain states (including NREM) has not been comprehensively examined. Further, discrepancies between activity dynamics observed with hemoglobin versus calcium (GCaMP6) imaging have not been reconciled. Lastly, whether the slow oscillation replaces functional connectivity (FC) patterns typical of the alert state, or superimposes on them, remains unclear. Here, we use wide-field calcium imaging to study spontaneous cortical activity in awake, anesthetized, and naturally sleeping mice. We find modest brain state-dependent changes in infraslow correlations but larger changes in GCaMP6 delta correlations. Principal component analysis of GCaMP6 sleep/anesthesia data in the delta band revealed that the slow oscillation is largely confined to the first three components. Removal of these components revealed a correlation structure strikingly similar to that observed during wake. These results indicate that, during NREM sleep/anesthesia, the slow oscillation superimposes onto a canonical FC architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M. Brier
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Address all correspondence to Lindsey M. Brier, E-mail:
| | - Eric C. Landsness
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Abraham Z. Snyder
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Patrick W. Wright
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Grant A. Baxter
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Adam Q. Bauer
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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90
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Cramer JV, Gesierich B, Roth S, Dichgans M, Düring M, Liesz A. In vivo widefield calcium imaging of the mouse cortex for analysis of network connectivity in health and brain disease. Neuroimage 2019; 199:570-584. [PMID: 31181333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of brain areas in functionally connected networks, their dynamic changes, and perturbations in disease states are subject of extensive investigations. Research on functional networks in humans predominantly uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, adopting fMRI and other functional imaging methods to mice, the most widely used model to study brain physiology and disease, poses major technical challenges and faces important limitations. Hence, there is great demand for alternative imaging modalities for network characterization. Here, we present a refined protocol for in vivo widefield calcium imaging of both cerebral hemispheres in mice expressing a calcium sensor in excitatory neurons. We implemented a stringent protocol for minimizing anesthesia and excluding movement artifacts which both imposed problems in previous approaches. We further adopted a method for unbiased identification of functional cortical areas using independent component analysis (ICA) on resting-state imaging data. Biological relevance of identified components was confirmed using stimulus-dependent cortical activation. To explore this novel approach in a model of focal brain injury, we induced photothrombotic lesions of the motor cortex, determined changes in inter- and intrahemispheric connectivity at multiple time points up to 56 days post-stroke and correlated them with behavioral deficits. We observed a severe loss in interhemispheric connectivity after stroke, which was partially restored in the chronic phase and associated with corresponding behavioral motor deficits. Taken together, we present an improved widefield calcium imaging tool accounting for anesthesia and movement artifacts, adopting an advanced analysis pipeline based on human fMRI algorithms and with superior sensitivity to recovery mechanisms in mouse models compared to behavioral tests. This tool will enable new studies on interhemispheric connectivity in murine models with comparability to human imaging studies for a wide spectrum of neuroscience applications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Cramer
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Düring
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336, Munich, Germany.
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91
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Yamato H, Jin T, Nomura Y. Near infrared imaging of intrinsic signals in cortical spreading depression observed through the intact scalp in hairless mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 701:213-217. [PMID: 30797869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain cooling was inevitable in both thinned and intact skull windows in neuroimaging in vivo of mice. Thus we proposed the novel imaging method leaving intact scalp on the skull using the light at 670, 785, and 975 nm. In this study, we used hairless mice (Hos:HR-1) since the deterioration of image quality was resulted from the hair. Cortical spreading depression was induced by KCl application through small incision and burr hole on the frontal bone. Intrinsic optical signals through the intact scalp in the observation area were detected. Time course of the signal showed a triphasic feature which was consistent with the intrinsic optical signals through the intact skull. In three pairs of signal amplitudes at the different wavelengths, no significant differences were observed. Although the intact scalp weakened the amplitudes significantly, e.g., 4.0 from 6.9 at 975 nm, the signals during cortical spreading depression were sufficient to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro Yamato
- Department of Systems Life Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, 460-1, Kamisadori, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- Laboratory for Nano-Bio Probes, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nomura
- Department of Systems Life Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, 460-1, Kamisadori, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan; Laboratory for Nano-Bio Probes, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
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92
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O'Hashi K, Sohya K, Matsuno H, Tsuchimine S, Kunugi H. Construction of the common cortical space by spontaneous activity and its application in the mouse cortex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:869-874. [PMID: 31003772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Wide-field optical imaging of the animal brain is a useful technique for measuring brain dynamics, including spatial structure. However, quantitative inter-animal comparison is difficult due to lack of the common cortical space that can normalize individually imaged brains as done in human functional MRI studies. Here, by using wide-field functional Ca2+ imaging on anesthetized transgenic mice expressing G-CaMP7 in astrocytes and excitatory neutrons, we attempted to establish the common cortical space in mice, which can be useful as a standard of functional brain map. We initially reconstructed cortical areas embedded within spontaneous activity as the functional connectivity maps for the individual mice, then matched them in size, shape, and location across mice by geometric transformation. Finally, we assigned all the recorded signals into the transformed space, to make spatially normalized signals in the common cortical space. Using this method, we managed to extract activity patterns commonly observed across mice. These results suggest that the presented method is available to facilitate inter-animal comparison of brain dynamics, and has the potential to identify common brain activity across animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori O'Hashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sohya
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Matsuno
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shoko Tsuchimine
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
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93
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Ghanbari L, Carter RE, Rynes ML, Dominguez J, Chen G, Naik A, Hu J, Sagar MAK, Haltom L, Mossazghi N, Gray MM, West SL, Eliceiri KW, Ebner TJ, Kodandaramaiah SB. Cortex-wide neural interfacing via transparent polymer skulls. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1500. [PMID: 30940809 PMCID: PMC6445105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural computations occurring simultaneously in multiple cerebral cortical regions are critical for mediating behaviors. Progress has been made in understanding how neural activity in specific cortical regions contributes to behavior. However, there is a lack of tools that allow simultaneous monitoring and perturbing neural activity from multiple cortical regions. We engineered 'See-Shells'-digitally designed, morphologically realistic, transparent polymer skulls that allow long-term (>300 days) optical access to 45 mm2 of the dorsal cerebral cortex in the mouse. We demonstrate the ability to perform mesoscopic imaging, as well as cellular and subcellular resolution two-photon imaging of neural structures up to 600 µm deep. See-Shells allow calcium imaging from multiple, non-contiguous regions across the cortex. Perforated See-Shells enable introducing penetrating neural probes to perturb or record neural activity simultaneously with whole cortex imaging. See-Shells are constructed using common desktop fabrication tools, providing a powerful tool for investigating brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghanbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Russell E Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Mathew L Rynes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Judith Dominguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Anant Naik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | | | - Lenora Haltom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Nahom Mossazghi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Madelyn M Gray
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Sarah L West
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy J Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.
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94
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Michelson NJ, Vanni MP, Murphy TH. Comparison between transgenic and AAV-PHP.eB-mediated expression of GCaMP6s using in vivo wide-field functional imaging of brain activity. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:025014. [PMID: 31763351 PMCID: PMC6864505 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.2.025014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We employ transcranial wide-field single-photon imaging to compare genetically encoded calcium sensors under transgenic or viral vector expression strategies. Awake, head-fixed animals and brief visual flash stimuli are used to assess function. The use of awake transcranial imaging may reduce confounds attributed to cranial window implantation or anesthesia states. We report differences in wide-field epifluorescence brightness and peak Δ F / F 0 response to visual stimulation between expression strategies. Other metrics for indicator performance include fluctuation analysis (standard deviation) and regional correlation maps made from spontaneous activity. We suggest that multiple measures, such as stimulus-evoked signal-to-noise ratio, brightness, and averaged visual Δ F / F 0 response, may be necessary to characterize indicator sensitivity and methods of expression. Furthermore, we show that strategies using blood brain barrier-permeable viruses, such as PHP.eB, yield comparable expression and function as those derived from transgenic mice. We suggest that testing of new genetically engineered activity sensors could employ a single-photon, wide-field imaging pipeline involving visual stimulation in awake mice that have been intravenously injected with PHP.eB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Michelson
- Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthieu P. Vanni
- Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Université de Montréal, School of Optometry, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Timothy H. Murphy
- Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Address all correspondence to Timothy H. Murphy E-mail:
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95
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Chung DY, Sadeghian H, Qin T, Lule S, Lee H, Karakaya F, Goins S, Oka F, Yaseen MA, Houben T, Tolner EA, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Whalen MJ, Sakadžić S, Ayata C. Determinants of Optogenetic Cortical Spreading Depolarizations. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:1150-1161. [PMID: 29425263 PMCID: PMC6373833 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical spreading depolarization (SD) is the electrophysiological event underlying migraine aura, and a critical contributor to secondary damage after brain injury. Experimental models of SD have been used for decades in migraine and brain injury research; however, they are highly invasive and often cause primary tissue injury, diminishing their translational value. Here we present a non-invasive method to trigger SDs using light-induced depolarization in transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 in neurons (Thy1-ChR2-YFP). Focal illumination (470 nm, 1-10 mW) through intact skull using an optical fiber evokes power-dependent steady extracellular potential shifts and local elevations of extracellular [K+] that culminate in an SD when power exceeds a threshold. Using the model, we show that homozygous mice are significantly more susceptible to SD (i.e., lower light thresholds) than heterozygous ChR2 mice. Moreover, we show SD susceptibility differs significantly among cortical divisions (motor, whisker barrel, sensory, visual, in decreasing order of susceptibility), which correlates with relative channelrhodopsin-2 expression. Furthermore, the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 blocks the transition to SD without diminishing extracellular potential shifts. Altogether, our data show that the optogenetic SD model is highly suitable for examining physiological or pharmacological modulation of SD in acute and longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Chung
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Homa Sadeghian
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sevda Lule
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fahri Karakaya
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Stacy Goins
- Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA
| | - Fumiaki Oka
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Thijs Houben
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Else A Tolner
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michael J Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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96
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In vivo imaging for neurovascular disease research. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:263-273. [PMID: 30756309 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Connections between various cell types in the brain enable cognitive function. The neurovascular unit is a structure composed of different cell types that regulate neurovascular coupling, blood-brain barrier permeability, and other interactions with peripheral systems. The relationship among the components of the neurovascular unit is complex and difficult to study without the use of in vivo neurovascular disease imaging. In this review, we introduce principles and examples of various in vivo optical imaging techniques including laser Doppler flowmetry, laser speckle contrast imaging, intrinsic optical signal imaging, optical coherence tomography, and two-photon microscopy. Furthermore, we introduce recent advances of in vivo imaging and future directions for promoting neurovascular disease research.
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97
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Ghanbari L, Rynes ML, Hu J, Schulman DS, Johnson GW, Laroque M, Shull GM, Kodandaramaiah SB. Craniobot: A computer numerical controlled robot for cranial microsurgeries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1023. [PMID: 30705287 PMCID: PMC6355931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, a plethora of tools has been developed for neuroscientists to interface with the brain. Implementing these tools requires precisely removing sections of the skull to access the brain. These delicate cranial microsurgical procedures need to be performed on the sub-millimeter thick bone without damaging the underlying tissue and therefore, require significant training. Automating some of these procedures would not only enable more precise microsurgical operations, but also facilitate widespread use of advanced neurotechnologies. Here, we introduce the "Craniobot", a cranial microsurgery platform that combines automated skull surface profiling with a computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling machine to perform a variety of cranial microsurgical procedures on mice. The Craniobot utilizes a low-force contact sensor to profile the skull surface and uses this information to perform precise milling operations within minutes. We have used the Craniobot to perform intact skull thinning and open small to large craniotomies over the dorsal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghanbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mathew L Rynes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel S Schulman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory W Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Laroque
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gabriella M Shull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.
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98
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Large Scale Double-Path Illumination System with Split Field of View for the All-Optical Study of Inter-and Intra-Hemispheric Functional Connectivity on Mice. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2010011. [PMID: 31164593 PMCID: PMC6481064 DOI: 10.3390/mps2010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent improvements in optical tools that can perturb brain activity and simultaneously reveal the elicited alterations in the associated regions offer an exceptional means to understand and map the connectivity of the brain. In this work, we exploit a combination of recently developed optical tools to monitor neural population at the meso-scale level and to mould the cortical patterns of targeted neuronal population. Our goal was to investigate the propagation of neuronal activity over the mouse cortex that is triggered by optogenetic stimulation in the contralateral hemisphere. Towards this aim, we developed a wide-field fluorescence microscope that is characterized by a double illumination path allowing for the optogenetic stimulation of the transfected area in the left hemisphere and the simultaneous recording of cortical activity in the right hemisphere. The microscope was further implemented with a custom shutter in order to split the LED illumination path, resulting in a half-obscured field of view. By avoiding the spectral crosstalk between GCaMP6f and channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2), this system offered the possibility of simultaneous “pumping and probing” of inter-hemispheric functional connectivity on Thy1-GCaMP6f mice.
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99
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Plog BA, Mestre H, Olveda GE, Sweeney AM, Kenney HM, Cove A, Dholakia KY, Tithof J, Nevins TD, Lundgaard I, Du T, Kelley DH, Nedergaard M. Transcranial optical imaging reveals a pathway for optimizing the delivery of immunotherapeutics to the brain. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120922. [PMID: 30333324 PMCID: PMC6237481 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the initial promise of immunotherapy for CNS disease, multiple recent clinical trials have failed. This may be due in part to characteristically low penetration of antibodies to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain parenchyma, resulting in poor target engagement. We here utilized transcranial macroscopic imaging to noninvasively evaluate in vivo delivery pathways of CSF fluorescent tracers. Tracers in CSF proved to be distributed through a brain-wide network of periarterial spaces, previously denoted as the glymphatic system. CSF tracer entry was enhanced approximately 3-fold by increasing plasma osmolality without disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Further, plasma hyperosmolality overrode the inhibition of glymphatic transport that characterizes the awake state and reversed glymphatic suppression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Plasma hyperosmolality enhanced the delivery of an amyloid-β (Aβ) antibody, obtaining a 5-fold increase in antibody binding to Aβ plaques. Thus, manipulation of glymphatic activity may represent a novel strategy for improving penetration of therapeutic antibodies to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Plog
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery
- Department of Pathology, and
| | - Humberto Mestre
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Genaro E. Olveda
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery
| | | | - H. Mark Kenney
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery
| | - Alexander Cove
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery
| | | | | | - Thomas D. Nevins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Iben Lundgaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery
| | - Ting Du
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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100
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Wang T, Ouzounov DG, Wu C, Horton NG, Zhang B, Wu CH, Zhang Y, Schnitzer MJ, Xu C. Three-photon imaging of mouse brain structure and function through the intact skull. Nat Methods 2018; 15:789-792. [PMID: 30202059 PMCID: PMC6188644 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging through the intact mouse skull is challenging because of skull-induced aberrations and scattering. We found that three-photon excitation provided improved optical sectioning compared with that obtained with two-photon excitation, even when we used the same excitation wavelength and imaging system. Here we demonstrate three-photon imaging of vasculature through the adult mouse skull at >500-μm depth, as well as GCaMP6s calcium imaging over weeks in cortical layers 2/3 and 4 in awake mice, with 8.5 frames per second and a field of view spanning hundreds of micrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Dimitre G Ouzounov
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chunyan Wu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas G Horton
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yanping Zhang
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Schnitzer
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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