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Leiria LO, Tseng YH. Lipidomics of brown and white adipose tissue: Implications for energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158788. [PMID: 32763428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue exerts multiple vital functions that critically maintain energy balance, including storing and expending energy, as well as secreting factors that systemically modulate nutrient metabolism. Since lipids are the major constituents of the adipocytes, it is unsurprising that the lipid composition of these cells plays a critical role in maintaining their functions and communicating with other organs and cells. In both positive and negative energy balance conditions, lipids and free fatty acids secreted from adipocytes exert either beneficial or detrimental effects in other tissues, such as the liver, pancreas and muscle. The way the adipocytes communicate with other organs tightly depends on the nature of their lipidome composition. Notwithstanding, the lipidome composition of the adipocytes is affected by physiological factors such as adipocyte type, gender and age, but also by environmental cues such as diet composition, thermal stress and physical activity. Here we provide an updated overview on how the adipose tissue lipidome profile is shaped by different physiological and environmental factors and how these changes impact the way the adipocytes regulate whole-body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz O Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Kulterer OC, Niederstaetter L, Herz CT, Haug AR, Bileck A, Pils D, Kautzky-Willer A, Gerner C, Kiefer FW. The Presence of Active Brown Adipose Tissue Determines Cold-Induced Energy Expenditure and Oxylipin Profiles in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5825408. [PMID: 32343312 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence links brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increased cold-induced energy expenditure (CIEE) and regulation of lipid metabolism in humans. BAT has also been proposed as a novel source for biologically active lipid mediators including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and oxylipins. However, little is known about cold-mediated differences in energy expenditure and various lipid species between individuals with detectable BAT positive (BATpos) and those without BAT negative (BATneg). METHODS Here we investigated a unique cohort of matched BATpos and BATneg individuals identified by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography ([18F]-FDG PET/CT). BAT function, CIEE, and circulating oxylipins, were analyzed before and after short-term cold exposure using [18F]-FDG PET/CT, indirect calorimetry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. RESULTS We found that active BAT is the major determinant of CIEE since only BATpos individuals experienced significantly increased energy expenditure in response to cold. A single bout of moderate cold exposure resulted in the dissipation of an additional 20 kcal excess energy in BATpos but not in BATneg individuals. The presence of BAT was associated with a unique systemic PUFA and oxylipin profile characterized by increased levels of anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids as well as cytochrome P450 products but decreased concentrations of some proinflammatory hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids when compared with BATneg individuals. Notably, cold exposure raised circulating levels of various lipids, including the recently identified BAT-derived circulating factors (BATokines) DiHOME and 12-HEPE, only in BATpos individuals. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data emphasize that BAT in humans is a major contributor toward cold-mediated energy dissipation and a critical organ in the regulation of the systemic lipid pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana C Kulterer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Niederstaetter
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten T Herz
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander R Haug
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Maciejewska D, Drozd A, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Skórka-Majewicz M, Dec K, Jakubczyk K, Pilutin A, Stachowska E. Eicosanoids in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Progression. Do Serum Eicosanoids Profile Correspond with Liver Eicosanoids Content during NAFLD Development and Progression? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092026. [PMID: 32349225 PMCID: PMC7248881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. The study aimed to evaluate the concentration of eicosanoids in serum and liver tissue during steatosis progression and to assess whether eicosanoid change scores may predict liver tissue remodeling. Thirty six eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were enrolled and sacrificed at different stages of NAFLD. Eicosanoid concentrations, namely lipoxin A4, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), hydroxyloctadecadienoic acids (HODE), protectin DX, Maresine1, leucotriene B4, prostaglandin E2, and resolvin D1 measurement in serum and liver tissue with Agilent Technologies 1260 liquid chromatography were evaluated. For the liver and serum concentrations of 9-HODE and 13-HODE, the correlations were found to be strong and positive (r > 0.7, p < 0.05). Along with NAFLD progression, HODE concentration significantly increased, and change scores were more abundant in the liver. The moderate positive correlation between liver and serum (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) was also observed for resolvin E1. The eicosanoid concentration decreased during NAFLD progression, but mostly in serum. There were significant correlations between HETE concentrations in liver and serum, but their associations were relatively low and changes the most in liver tissue. Eicosanoids profile, predominantly 9-HODE and 13-HODE, may serve as a potential biomarker for NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (A.D.); (K.S.-Ż.); (M.S.-M.); (K.D.); (K.J.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: (+48)-91-441-48-09
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (A.D.); (K.S.-Ż.); (M.S.-M.); (K.D.); (K.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (A.D.); (K.S.-Ż.); (M.S.-M.); (K.D.); (K.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Marta Skórka-Majewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (A.D.); (K.S.-Ż.); (M.S.-M.); (K.D.); (K.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Karolina Dec
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (A.D.); (K.S.-Ż.); (M.S.-M.); (K.D.); (K.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (A.D.); (K.S.-Ż.); (M.S.-M.); (K.D.); (K.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (A.D.); (K.S.-Ż.); (M.S.-M.); (K.D.); (K.J.); (E.S.)
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Banaszczak M, Maciejewska D, Drozd A, Ryterska K, Milc DJ, Raszeja-Wyszomirska J, Wunsch E, González-Muniesa P, Stachowska E. 5-Lipooxygenase Derivatives as Serum Biomarkers of a Successful Dietary Intervention in Patients with NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56020058. [PMID: 32028646 PMCID: PMC7073509 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: It was previously shown that a bodyweight reduction among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) was connected to the lower concentration of arachidonic and linoleic acid derivatives in their blood. We hypothesized that the concentration of these lipids was correlated with the extent of their body mass reduction and, thus, liver steatosis. Methods: We analyzed 68 individuals who completed the dietary intervention. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their body mass reduction (more or less than 7%). Before and after the dietary intervention, all patients had the following measurements recorded: body mass, waist circumference, stage of steatosis, fatty liver index, liver enzymes, lipid parameters, insulin and glucose. Concentrations of lipoxins A4 (LTX A4), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic fatty acids (5(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE and 16(S)-HETE), hydroxyoctadecaenoic acids (9(S)-HODE and 13(S)-HODE) and 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) were measured in serum samples collected before and after the dietetic intervention using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Patients who reduced their body mass by more than 7% revealed a significant improvement in their steatosis stage, waist circumference, fatty liver index, triglycerides and cholesterol. Conclusion: A reduction in body mass by more than 7% but not by less than 7% revealed a significant improvement in steatosis stage; waist circumference; fatty liver index; and levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, 5-oxo-ETE and LTXA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Banaszczak
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Karina Ryterska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Dominika Jamioł Milc
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Joanna Raszeja-Wyszomirska
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Department of General. Transplant and Liver Surgery of the Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IDISNA, Navarra’s Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-441-4806
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Liakh I, Pakiet A, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Methods of the Analysis of Oxylipins in Biological Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:E349. [PMID: 31952163 PMCID: PMC7024226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids and due to their important and diverse functions in the body, they have become a popular subject of studies. The main challenge for researchers is their low stability and often very low concentration in samples. Therefore, in recent years there have been developments in the extraction and analysis methods of oxylipins. New approaches in extraction methods were described in our previous review. In turn, the old analysis methods have been replaced by new approaches based on mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), and the best of these methods allow hundreds of oxylipins to be quantitatively identified. This review presents comparative and comprehensive information on the progress of various methods used by various authors to achieve the best results in the analysis of oxylipins in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
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Wu L, Wang W, Dai M, Li H, Chen C, Wang D. PPARα ligand, AVE8134, and cyclooxygenase inhibitor therapy synergistically suppress lung cancer growth and metastasis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1166. [PMID: 31791289 PMCID: PMC6889744 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, which highlights the urgent need for better therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor alpha (PPARα), known as a key nuclear transcription factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, has been also implicated in endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of the novel PPARα ligand, AVE8134, on LC growth and progression remain unclear. Methods A subcutaneous tumour was established in mice by injecting TC-1 lung tumour cells (~ 1 × 106 cells) into their shaved left flank. These mice were treated with three different PPARα ligands: AVE8134 (0.025% in drinking water), Wyeth-14,643 (0.025%), or Bezafibrate (0.3%). Tumour sizes and metastasis between treated and untreated mice were then compared by morphology and histology, and the metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Inhibition of either Cyp2c44 expression by genetic disruption or cyclooxygenase (COX) activity by indomethacin was used to test the mechanisms by which AVE8134 affects tumour growth. Results The pharmacodynamics effects of AVE8134, Wyeth-14,643, and Bezafibrate on lipids control were similar. However, their effects on tumour suppression were different. Eicosanoid profile analysis showed that all PPARα ligands reduced the production of AA-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and increased the hydroxyl product, 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (11-HETE). Moreover, increased 11-HETE promoted endothelial proliferation, angiogenesis, and subsequent tumour deterioration in a dose-dependent manner possibly via activating the AKT/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. The increased 11-HETE partly neutralized the benefits provided by the Cyp2c44-EETs system inhibited by PPARα ligands in tumour-bearing mice. AVE8134 treatment worsened the tumour phenotype in Cyp2c44 knockout mice, indicating that AVE8134 has contradictory effects on tumour growth. The COX inhibitor indomethacin strengthened the inhibitory actions of AVE8134 on tumour growth and metastasis by inhibiting the 11-HETE production in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion In this study, we found that the degrees of inhibition on LC growth and metastasis by PPARα ligands depended on their bidirectional regulation on EETs and 11-HETE. Considering their safety and efficacy, the novel PPARα ligand, AVE8134, is a potentially ideal anti-angiogenesis drug for cancer treatment when jointly applied with the COX inhibitor indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiyan Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Leung HH, Ng AL, Durand T, Kawasaki R, Oger C, Balas L, Galano JM, Wong IY, Chung-Yung Lee J. Increase in omega-6 and decrease in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation elevates the risk of exudative AMD development in adults with Chinese diet. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:349-356. [PMID: 31605749 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate diet is essential for the regulation of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In particular the type of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and poor antioxidant status including carotenoid levels concomitantly contribute to AMD risk. Build-up of oxidative stress in AMD induces PUFA oxidation, and a mix of lipid oxidation products (LOPs) are generated. However, LOPs are not comprehensively evaluated in AMD. LOPs are considered biomarkers of oxidative stress but also contributes to inflammatory response. In this cross-sectional case-control study, plasma omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratios and antioxidant status (glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase), and plasma and urinary LOPs (41 types) were determined to evaluate its odds-ratio in the risk of developing exudative AMD (n = 99) compared to age-gender-matched healthy controls (n = 198) in adults with Chinese diet. The odds ratio of developing exudative AMD increased with LOPs from omega-6 PUFA and decreased from those of omega-3 PUFA. These observations were associated with a high plasma omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio and low carotenoid levels. In short, poor PUFA and antioxidant status increased the production of omega-6 PUFA LOPs such as dihomo-isoprostane and dihomo-isofuran, and lowered omega-3 PUFA LOPs such as neuroprostanes due to the high omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratios; they were also correlated to the risk of AMD development. These findings indicate the generation of specific LOPs is associated with the development of exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Hang Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Lk Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Ophthalmic Associates, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Department of Vision Informatics, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Ian Yh Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is a catabolic process that consumes energy-storing molecules and expends that energy as heat in response to environmental changes. This process occurs primarily in brown and beige adipose tissue. Thermogenesis is regulated by many factors, including lipid derived paracrine and endocrine hormones called lipokines. Recently, technologic advances for identifying new lipid biomarkers of thermogenic activity have shed light on a diverse set of lipokines that act through different pathways to regulate energy expenditure. In this review, we highlight a few examples of lipokines that regulate thermogenesis. The biosynthesis, regulation, and effects of the thermogenic lipokines in several families are reviewed, including oloeylethanolamine, endocannabinoids, prostaglandin E2, and 12,13-diHOME. These thermogenic lipokines present potential therapeutic targets to combat states of excess energy storage, such as obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Austin Pickens C, Yin Z, Sordillo LM, Fenton JI. Arachidonic acid-derived hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids are positively associated with colon polyps in adult males: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12033. [PMID: 31427689 PMCID: PMC6700170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipids are potent lipid mediators associated with inflammation-induced colon carcinomas and colon tumor survival. Therefore, oxylipid profiles may be useful as novel biomarkers of colon polyp presence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma non-esterified oxylipids and the presence of colon polyps. A total of 123 Caucasian men, ages 48 to 65, were categorized into three groups: those with no polyps, those with one or more hyperplastic polyps, and those with one or more adenomas. Plasma non-esterified oxylipids were analyzed using solid phase extraction and quantified using a targeted HPLC tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA with Dunn's test for multiple comparison and generalized linear models to adjust for confounding factors such as age, anthropometrics, and smoking status. In general, monohydroxy omega-6-derived oxylipids were significantly increased in those with polyps. Concentrations of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and 11-HETE were significantly higher in those with hyperplastic polyps and adenomas compared to those with no polyps. Arachidonic acid-derived HETEs were significantly associated with colon polyp types, even after adjusting for age, smoking, and body mass index or waist circumference in regression models. Since many of these oxylipids are formed through oxygenation by lipoxygenases (i.e., 5-, 12-, and 15-HETE, and 15- hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid [HETrE]) or auto-oxidative reactions (i.e., 11-HETE), this may indicate that lipoxygenase activity and lipid peroxidation are increased in those with colon polyps. In addition, since oxylipids such as 5-, 12-, and 15-HETE are signaling molecules involved in inflammation regulation, these oxylipids may have important functions in inflammation-associated polyp presence. Future studies should be performed in a larger cohorts to investigate if these oxylipids are useful as potential biomarkers of colon polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zhe Yin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Halade GV, Kain V, Tourki B, Jadapalli JK. Lipoxygenase drives lipidomic and metabolic reprogramming in ischemic heart failure. Metabolism 2019; 96:22-32. [PMID: 30999004 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After myocardial infarction (MI), delayed progression or reversal of cardiac remodeling is a prime target to limit advanced chronic heart failure (HF). However, the temporal kinetics of lipidomic and systemic metabolic signaling is unclear in HF. There is no consensus on metabolic and lipidomic signatures that influence structure, function, and survival in HF. Here we use genetic knock out model to delineate lipidomic, and metabolic changes to describe the role of lipoxygenase in advancing ischemic HF driven by leukocyte activation with signs of non-resolving inflammation. Bioactive lipids and metabolites are implicated in acute and chronic HF, and the goal of this study was to define the role of lipoxygenase in temporal kinetics of lipidomic and metabolic reprogramming in HF. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address this question, we used a permanent coronary ligation mouse model which showed profound metabolic and lipidomic reprogramming in acute HF. Additionally, we defined the lipoxygenase-mediated changes in cardiac pathophysiology in acute and chronic HF. For this, we quantitated systemic metabolic changes and lipidomic profiling in infarcted heart tissue with obvious structural remodeling and cardiac dysfunction progressing from acute to chronic HF in the survival cohort. RESULTS After MI, lipoxygenase-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators were quantitated and showed lipoxygenase-deficient mice (12/15LOX-/-) biosynthesize epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs; cypoxins) to facilitate cardiac healing. Lipoxygenase-deficient mice reduced diabetes risk biomarker 2-aminoadipic acid with profound alterations of plasma metabolic signaling of hexoses, amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids in acute HF, thereby improved survival. CONCLUSION Specific lipoxygenase deletion alters lipidomic and metabolic signatures, with modified leukocyte profiling that delayed HF progression and improved survival. Future studies are warranted to define the molecular network of lipidome and metabolome in acute and chronic HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bochra Tourki
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jeevan Kumar Jadapalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States
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Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Oxylipins in Biological Samples. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081639. [PMID: 31027298 PMCID: PMC6515351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are potent lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, which play important roles in various biological processes. Being important regulators and/or markers of a wide range of normal and pathological processes, oxylipins are becoming a popular subject of research; however, the low stability and often very low concentration of oxylipins in samples are a significant challenge for authors and continuous improvement is required in both the extraction and analysis techniques. In recent years, the study of oxylipins has been directly related to the development of new technological platforms based on mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)/MS), as well as the improvement in methods for the extraction of oxylipins from biological samples. In this review, we systematize and compare information on sample preparation procedures, including solid-phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction from different biological tissues.
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Varghese M, Griffin C, McKernan K, Eter L, Lanzetta N, Agarwal D, Abrishami S, Singer K. Sex Differences in Inflammatory Responses to Adipose Tissue Lipolysis in Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocrinology 2019; 160:293-312. [PMID: 30544158 PMCID: PMC6330175 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Males are known to have profound adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) accumulation in gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT) during obesity, whereas females are protected from such an inflammatory response even with increased adiposity. The inflammatory tone in males is linked to insulin resistance and might be the underlying cause for sex differences in metabolic disease. Factors regulating the meta-inflammatory response remain unclear but enhanced lipid storage in females may explain the reduced inflammatory response to high-fat diets. In this study, we evaluated lean and obese females with stimulated lipolysis to understand whether a stress release of free fatty acids (FFAs) could induce female ATMs. We demonstrate that in both lean and obese females, GWAT CD11c- resident ATMs accumulate with β-3 adrenergic receptor-stimulated lipolysis. Lipolysis elevated serum FFA, triglyceride, and IL-6 levels in females that corresponded to significant phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase protein expression in obese female GWAT compared with males. Increased lipolytic response in obese females was associated with crown-like structures and induced Il6, Mcp1, Arg1, and Mgl1 expression in obese female GWAT, suggesting an environment of lipid clearance and adipose remodeling. With this finding we next investigated whether lipid storage and lipolytic mediators differed by sex. Diacylglycerol, ceramides, phospholipids, and certain fatty acid species associated with inflammation were elevated in male GWAT compared with obese female GWAT. Overall, our data demonstrate a role for GWAT lipid storage and lipolytic metabolites to induce inflammation in males and induce remodeling in females that might explain sex differences in overall metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Varghese
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cameron Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kaitlin McKernan
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leila Eter
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicholas Lanzetta
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Devyani Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Simin Abrishami
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Kanakadurga Singer, MD, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, D1205 MPB, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:
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63
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Spyrou N, Avgerinos KI, Mantzoros CS, Dalamaga M. Classic and Novel Adipocytokines at the Intersection of Obesity and Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Obes Rep 2018; 7:260-275. [PMID: 30145771 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-018-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we investigate the role of classic and novel adipocytokines in cancer pathogenesis synopsizing the mechanisms underlying the association between adipocytokines and malignancy. Special emphasis is given on novel adipocytokines as new evidence is emerging regarding their entanglement in neoplastic development. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data have emphasized the role of the triad of overweight/obesity, insulin resistance and adipocytokines in cancer. In the setting of obesity, classic and novel adipocytokines present independent and joint effects on activation of major intracellular signaling pathways implicated in cell proliferation, expansion, survival, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. Until now, more than 15 adipocytokines have been associated with cancer, and this list continues to expand. While the plethora of circulating pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, such as leptin, resistin, extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, and chemerin are elevated in malignancies, some adipocytokines such as adiponectin and omentin-1 are generally decreased in cancers and are considered protective against carcinogenesis. Elucidating the intertwining of inflammation, cellular bioenergetics, and adiposopathy is significant for the development of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies against cancer. Novel more effective and safe adipocytokine-centered therapeutic interventions may pave the way for targeted oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Spyrou
- 251 Airforce General Hospital, Kanellopoulou 3, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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64
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Zhang Y, Li P, Zheng N, Jia Z, Meruva N, Ladak A, Cleland G, Wen F, Li S, Zhao S, Wang J. A metabolomics approach to characterize raw, pasteurized, and ultra-high temperature milk using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9630-9636. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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65
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Sonnweber T, Pizzini A, Nairz M, Weiss G, Tancevski I. Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113285. [PMID: 30360467 PMCID: PMC6274989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid and immune pathways are crucial in the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Arachidonic acid (AA) and its derivatives link nutrient metabolism to immunity and inflammation, thus holding a key role in the emergence and progression of frequent diseases such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. We herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, tissue homeostasis, and immunity, and explore the role of the AA metabolome in diverse pathophysiological conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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66
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Shearer GC, Walker RE. An overview of the biologic effects of omega-6 oxylipins in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 137:26-38. [PMID: 30293594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are lipid mediators produced from polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and are thought to be a molecular explanation for the diverse biological effects of PUFAs. Like PUFAs, oxylipins are distinguished by their omega-6 (n6) or omega-3 (n3) chemistry. We review the use of n6 oxylipins as biomarkers of disease and their use in diagnosis and risk assessment. We show cases where oxylipins derived from linoleate (LA) or arachidonate (AA) produced by the activities of lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, epoxygenase, ω/ω-1 hydroxylase, and autooxidation are useful as biomarkers or risk markers. HODEs, KODEs, EpOMEs, DiHOMEs, and other metabolites of LA as well as prostanoids, HETEs, KETEs, EpETrEs, and DiHETrEs, and other metabolites of AA were useful for understanding the different signaling environments in conditions from traumatic brain injury, to major coronary events, dyslipidemia, sepsis, and more. We next evaluate interventions that alter the concentrations of n6 oxylipins in plasma. We note the utility and response of each plasma fraction, and the generally increasing utility from the non-esterified, to the esterified, to the lipoprotein fractions. Finally, we review the effects which are specifically related to n6 oxylipins and most likely to be beneficial. Both n6 and n3 oxylipins work together in an exceedingly complex matrix to produce physiological effects. This overview should provide future investigators with important perspectives for the emerging utility of n6 oxylipins as products of n6 PUFAs in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Rachel E Walker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
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67
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Jain R, Austin Pickens C, Fenton JI. The role of the lipidome in obesity-mediated colon cancer risk. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:1-9. [PMID: 29605789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a state of chronic inflammation influenced by lipids such as fatty acids and their secondary oxygenated metabolites deemed oxylipids. Many such lipid mediators serve as potent signaling molecules of inflammation, which can further alter lipid metabolism and lead to carcinogenesis. For example, sphingosine-1-phosphate activates cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells resulting in the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 promotes colon cancer cell growth. In contrast, the less studied path of AA oxygenation via cytochrome p450 enzymes produces epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EETs), whose anti-inflammatory properties cause shrinking of enlarged adipocytes, a characteristic of obesity, through the liberation of fatty acids. It is now thought that EET depletion occurs in obesity and may contribute to colon cell carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, gangliosides, a type of sphingolipid, are cell surface signaling molecules that contribute to the apoptosis of colon tumor cells. Many of these discoveries have been made recently and the mechanisms are still not fully understood, leading to an exciting new chapter of lipidomic research. In this review, mechanisms behind obesity-associated colon cancer are discussed with a focus on the role of small lipid signaling molecules in the process. Specifically, changes in lipid metabolite levels during obesity and the development of colon cancer, as well as novel biomarkers and targets for therapy, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Jain
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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68
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Akrami A, Nikaein F, Babajafari S, Faghih S, Yarmohammadi H. Comparison of the effects of flaxseed oil and sunflower seed oil consumption on serum glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, and lipid peroxidation in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 12:70-77. [PMID: 29229363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) increases the risk of type II diabetes and morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Flaxseed oil (FO), as a functional food, is one of the major vegetal sources of essential omega-3 fatty acids. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effects of consumption of FO and sunflower seed oil (SO) on lipid peroxidation and other symptoms of MetSyn. METHODS This randomized controlled interventional trial was conducted on 60 volunteers aged 30 to 60 years who were diagnosed with MetSyn in Shiraz, Iran. The participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to SO (n = 30, receiving 25 mL/d SO) and FO (n = 30, receiving 25 ml/d FO) groups using block randomization. The diets were identical for all the participants. Blood pressure (BP), serum lipid, fasting blood sugar, and malondialdehyde were measured at baseline and at the end of week 7. RESULT The results showed no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding blood lipid levels and fasting blood sugar at the end of the study. However, significant reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.6% in FO and 10.8% in SO), and triglyceride levels were seen within each group after treatment with FO and SO (P < .05). Nonetheless, between-group changes were significant (<0.05) for systolic BP (mean [±standard deviation {SD}] changes were -14.0 ± 22.41 in the FO group [P = .004] and 0.92 ± 8.70 in the SO group [P = .594]) and diastolic BP (mean [±SD] changes were -4.26 ± 7.44 in the FO group [P = .007] and 1.30 ± 6.91 in the SO group [P = .344]), but marginally significant (P = .053) for malondialdehyde level (mean [±SD] changes were -1.29 ± 1.48 in the FO group [P < .001] and -0.52 ± 1.34 in the SO group [P = .52]). A significant decrease in weight was also found in both groups. However, waist circumference decreased significantly only in the FO group at the end of the study (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that dietary FO could be effective in amelioration of some symptoms of MetSyn and decrease BP and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Akrami
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Nikaein
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Siavash Babajafari
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Yarmohammadi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Meinhart AD, Ferreira da Silveira TF, Rosa de Moraes M, Petrarca MH, Silva LH, Oliveira WS, Wagner R, André Bolini HM, Bruns RE, Filho JT, Godoy HT. Optimization of frying oil composition rich in essential fatty acids by mixture design. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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70
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Pickens CA, Vazquez AI, Jones AD, Fenton JI. Obesity, adipokines, and C-peptide are associated with distinct plasma phospholipid profiles in adult males, an untargeted lipidomic approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6335. [PMID: 28740130 PMCID: PMC5524758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and adipokine secretion. Our group has previously reported obesity and adipokines are associated with % total fatty acid (FA) differences in plasma phospholipids. The objective of our current study was to identify in which complex lipid species (i.e., phosphatidylcholine, sphingolipids, etc) these FA differences occur. Plasma lipidomic profiling (n = 126, >95% Caucasian, 48–65 years) was performed using chromatographic separation and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The responses used in the statistical analyses were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), serum adipokines, cytokines, and a glycemic marker. High-dimensional statistical analyses were performed, all models were adjusted for age and smoking, and p-values were adjusted for false discovery. In Bayesian models, the lipidomic profiles (over 1,700 lipids) accounted for >60% of the inter-individual variation of BMI, WC, and leptin in our population. Across statistical analyses, we report 51 individual plasma lipids were significantly associated with obesity. Obesity was inversely associated lysophospholipids and ether linked phosphatidylcholines. In addition, we identify several unreported lipids associated with obesity that are not present in lipid databases. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the underlying biology associated with obesity and reveal new potential pathways for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ana I Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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