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Herold F, Behrendt T, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Müller NG, Schega L. Cortical hemodynamics as a function of handgrip strength and cognitive performance: a cross-sectional fNIRS study in younger adults. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:10. [PMID: 33588769 PMCID: PMC7885414 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for a positive correlation between measures of muscular strength and cognitive abilities. However, the neurophysiological correlates of this relationship are not well understood so far. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical hemodynamics [i.e., changes in concentrations of oxygenated (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb)] as a possible link between measures of muscular strength and cognitive performance. METHODS In a cohort of younger adults (n = 39, 18-30 years), we assessed (i) handgrip strength by a handhold dynamometer, (ii) short-term working memory performance by using error rates and reaction times in the Sternberg task, and (iii) cortical hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). RESULTS We observed low to moderate negative correlations (rp = ~ - 0.38 to - 0.51; p < 0.05) between reaction time and levels of oxyHb in specific parts of the PFC. Furthermore, we noticed low to moderate positive correlations (rp = ~ 0.34 to 0.45; p < 0.05) between reaction times and levels of deoxyHb in distinct parts of the PFC. Additionally, higher levels of oxyHb (rp (35) = 0.401; p = 0.014) and lower levels of deoxyHb (rp (34) = - 0.338; p = 0.043) in specific parts of the PFC were linked to higher percentage of correct answers. We also found low to moderate correlations (p < 0.05) between measures of handgrip strength and levels of oxyHb (rp = ~ 0.35; p < 0.05) and levels of deoxyHb (rp = ~ - 0.25 to - 0.49; p < 0.05) in specific parts of the PFC. However, there was neither a correlation between cognitive performance and handgrip strength nor did cortical hemodynamics in the PFC mediate the relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive performance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence for a positive neurobehavioral relationship between cortical hemodynamics and cognitive performance. Our findings further imply that in younger adults higher levels of handgrip strength positively influence cortical hemodynamics although the latter did not necessarily culminate in better cognitive performance. Future research should examine whether the present findings can be generalized to other cohorts (e.g., older adults).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Behrendt
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Törpel
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
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Derbie AY, Chau B, Lam B, Fang YH, Ting KH, Wong CYH, Tao J, Chen LD, Chan CCH. Cortical Hemodynamic Response Associated with Spatial Coding: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:207-220. [PMID: 33484379 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Allocentric and egocentric are two types of spatial coding. Previous studies reported the dorsal attention network's involvement in both types. To eliminate possible paradigm-specific confounds in the results, this study employed fine-grained cue-to-target paradigm to dissociate allocentric (aSC) and egocentric (eSC) spatial coding. Twenty-two participants completed a custom visuospatial task, and changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (O2-Hb) were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-regularized principal component (LASSO-RPC) algorithm was used to identify cortical sites that predicted the aSC and eSC conditions' reaction times. Significant changes in O2-Hb concentration in the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and post-central gyrus regions were common in both aSC and eSC. Results of inter-channel correlations further substantiate cortical activities in both conditions were predominantly over the right parieto-frontal areas. Together with right superior frontal gyrus areas be the reaction time neural correlates, the results suggest top-down attention and response-mapping processes are common to both spatial coding types. Changes unique to aSC were in clusters over the right intraparietal sulcus, right temporo-parietal junction, and left IPL. With the left pre-central gyrus region, be the reaction time neural correlate, aSC is likely to involve more orienting attention, updating of spatial information, and object-based response selection and inhibition than eSC. Future studies will use other visuospatial task designs for testing the robustness of the findings on spatial coding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiot Y Derbie
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Bolton Chau
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bess Lam
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Hua Fang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kin-Hung Ting
- University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Clive Y H Wong
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Dian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Noah JA, Zhang X, Dravida S, DiCocco C, Suzuki T, Aslin RN, Tachtsidis I, Hirsch J. Comparison of short-channel separation and spatial domain filtering for removal of non-neural components in functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:015004. [PMID: 33598505 PMCID: PMC7881368 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: With the increasing popularity of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the need to determine localization of the source and nature of the signals has grown. Aim: We compare strategies for removal of non-neural signals for a finger-thumb tapping task, which shows responses in contralateral motor cortex and a visual checkerboard viewing task that produces activity within the occipital lobe. Approach: We compare temporal regression strategies using short-channel separation to a spatial principal component (PC) filter that removes global signals present in all channels. For short-channel temporal regression, we compare non-neural signal removal using first and combined first and second PCs from a broad distribution of short channels to limited distribution on the forehead. Results: Temporal regression of non-neural information from broadly distributed short channels did not differ from forehead-only distribution. Spatial PC filtering provides results similar to short-channel separation using the temporal domain. Utilizing both first and second PCs from short channels removes additional non-neural information. Conclusions: We conclude that short-channel information in the temporal domain and spatial domain regression filtering methods remove similar non-neural components represented in scalp hemodynamics from fNIRS signals and that either technique is sufficient to remove non-neural components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Adam Noah
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Function Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Xian Zhang
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Function Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Swethasri Dravida
- Yale School of Medicine, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Courtney DiCocco
- Yale School of Medicine, Brain Function Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Meiji University, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Electrical Engineering Program, Kawasaki, Japan
- Meiji University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Richard N. Aslin
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Hirsch
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Function Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Address all correspondence to Joy Hirsch,
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Nemani A, Kamat A, Gao Y, Yucel M, Gee D, Cooper C, Schwaitzberg S, Intes X, Dutta A, De S. Functional brain connectivity related to surgical skill dexterity in physical and virtual simulation environments. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:015008. [PMID: 33681406 PMCID: PMC7927423 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.015008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Surgical simulators, both virtual and physical, are increasingly used as training tools for teaching and assessing surgical technical skills. However, the metrics used for assessment in these simulation environments are often subjective and inconsistent. Aim: We propose functional activation metrics, derived from brain imaging measurements, to objectively assess the correspondence between brain activation with surgical motor skills for subjects with varying degrees of surgical skill. Approach: Cortical activation based on changes in the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) of 36 subjects was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy at the prefrontal cortex (PFC), primary motor cortex, and supplementary motor area (SMA) due to their association with motor skill learning. Inter-regional functional connectivity metrics, namely, wavelet coherence (WCO) and wavelet phase coherence were derived from HbO changes to correlate brain activity to surgical motor skill levels objectively. Results: One-way multivariate analysis of variance found a statistically significant difference in the inter-regional WCO metrics for physical simulator based on Wilk's Λ for expert versus novice, F ( 10,1 ) = 7495.5 , p < 0.01 . Partial eta squared effect size for the inter-regional WCO metrics was found to be highest between the central prefrontal cortex (CPFC) and SMA, CPFC-SMA ( η 2 = 0.257 ). Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U tests with a 95% confidence interval showed baseline equivalence and a statistically significant ( p < 0.001 ) difference in the CPFC-SMA WPCO metrics for the physical simulator training group ( 0.960 ± 0.045 ) versus the untrained control group ( 0.735 ± 0.177 ) following training for 10 consecutive days in addition to the pretest and posttest days. Conclusion: We show that brain functional connectivity WCO metric corresponds to surgical motor skills in the laparoscopic physical simulators. Functional connectivity between the CPFC and the SMA is lower for subjects that exhibit expert surgical motor skills than untrained subjects in laparoscopic physical simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Nemani
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Anil Kamat
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Meryem Yucel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Denise Gee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Clairice Cooper
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Steven Schwaitzberg
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Xavier Intes
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Anirban Dutta
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Suvranu De
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Troy, New York, United States
- Address all correspondence to Suvranu De,
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Hou X, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Duan L, Gong Y, Li Z, Zhu C. NIRS-KIT: a MATLAB toolbox for both resting-state and task fNIRS data analysis. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:010802. [PMID: 33506071 PMCID: PMC7829673 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.010802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been widely used to probe human brain function during task state and resting state. However, the existing analysis toolboxes mainly focus on task activation analysis, few software packages can assist resting-state fNIRS studies. Aim: We aimed to provide a versatile and easy-to-use toolbox to perform analysis for both resting state and task fNIRS. Approach: We developed a MATLAB toolbox called NIRS-KIT that works for both resting-state analysis and task activation detection. Results: NIRS-KIT implements common and necessary processing steps for performing fNIRS data analysis, including data preparation, quality control, preprocessing, individual-level analysis, group-level statistics with several popular statistical models, and multiple comparison correction methods, and finally results visualization. For resting-state fNIRS analysis, functional connectivity analysis, graph theory-based network analysis, and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations analysis are provided. Additionally, NIRS-KIT also supports activation analysis for task fNIRS. Conclusions: NIRS-KIT offers an open source tool for researchers to analyze resting-state and/or task fNIRS data in one suite. It contains several key features: (1) good compatibility, supporting multiple fNIRS recording systems, data formats of NIRS-SPM and Homer2, and the shared near-infrared spectroscopy format data format recommended by the fNIRS society; (2) flexibility, supporting customized preprocessing scripts; (3) ease-to-use, allowing processing fNIRS signals in batch manner with user-friendly graphical user interfaces; and (4) feature-packed data viewing and result visualization. We anticipate that this NIRS-KIT will facilitate the development of the fNIRS field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Zong Zhang
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Gong
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Zhuhai, China
- Beijing Normal University, Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaozhe Zhu
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
- Beijing Normal University, Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yücel MA, Lühmann AV, Scholkmann F, Gervain J, Dan I, Ayaz H, Boas D, Cooper RJ, Culver J, Elwell CE, Eggebrecht A, Franceschini MA, Grova C, Homae F, Lesage F, Obrig H, Tachtsidis I, Tak S, Tong Y, Torricelli A, Wabnitz H, Wolf M. Best practices for fNIRS publications. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:012101. [PMID: 33442557 PMCID: PMC7793571 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the neurosciences has been expanding over the last 40 years. Today, it is addressing a wide range of applications within different populations and utilizes a great variety of experimental paradigms. With the rapid growth and the diversification of research methods, some inconsistencies are appearing in the way in which methods are presented, which can make the interpretation and replication of studies unnecessarily challenging. The Society for Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy has thus been motivated to organize a representative (but not exhaustive) group of leaders in the field to build a consensus on the best practices for describing the methods utilized in fNIRS studies. Our paper has been designed to provide guidelines to help enhance the reliability, repeatability, and traceability of reported fNIRS studies and encourage best practices throughout the community. A checklist is provided to guide authors in the preparation of their manuscripts and to assist reviewers when evaluating fNIRS papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem A. Yücel
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alexander v. Lühmann
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judit Gervain
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
- Università di Padova, Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Padua, Italy
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Chuo University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, Drexel Solutions Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Family and Community Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David Boas
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- University College London, DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Culver
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Clare E. Elwell
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Eggebrecht
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Maria A. Franceschini
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christophe Grova
- Concordia University, Department of Physics and PERFORM Centre, Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fumitaka Homae
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department Electrical Engineering, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- University Hospital Leipzig, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sungho Tak
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Ochang, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Zurich, Switzerland
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Skau S, Jonsdottir IH, Sjörs Dahlman A, Johansson B, Kuhn HG. Exhaustion disorder and altered brain activity in frontal cortex detected with fNIRS. Stress 2021; 24:64-75. [PMID: 32510268 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1777972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with stress-related Exhaustion Disorder (ED) have problems with memory and executive function. These problems have been associated with deviant activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC). We investigated cognitive performance and functional activity in the PFC during prolonged mental activity in patients with ED (n = 20, 16 women) with a mean duration since diagnosis of 46 ± 23 months in comparison to healthy individuals (n = 20, 12 women). A block of six neuropsychological tests was performed in a sequence that was repeated once. The brain imaging technique, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used for all tests. There were no differences between the groups in terms of changes over time, i.e. difference between first and second test block. In the Stroop-Simon test, the controls showedhigher functional activity in the frontal cortex. In the left ventrolateral PFC, we observed an increased activity in controls in the incongruent compared to the congruent trials, whereas no changes were detected in the ED patient group. During processing speed tasks, only ED patients showed higher functional activity in right dorsolateral PFC. The ED patients reported lower subjective energy level and they also performed less well on a mental control task compared to healthy individuals. In conclusion, ED patients showed altered functional activity compared to controls, indicating that ED patients process information differently in the prefrontal cortex, but the functional activity did not change during the 2½ hr procedure, as revealed by the test-retest design. Lay summary In this paper we show that patient with exhaustion disorder have a reduced functional activity in the prefrontal cortex. This functional activity was not affected by 2.5 hours mental activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Skau
- Instituteof Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Sjörs Dahlman
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Johansson
- Instituteof Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Georg Kuhn
- Instituteof Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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58
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Wu MM, Chan ST, Mazumder D, Tamborini D, Stephens KA, Deng B, Farzam P, Chu JY, Franceschini MA, Qu JZ, Carp SA. Improved accuracy of cerebral blood flow quantification in the presence of systemic physiology cross-talk using multi-layer Monte Carlo modeling. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:015001. [PMID: 33437846 PMCID: PMC7779997 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Contamination of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to systemic physiology remains a significant challenge in the clinical translation of DCS for neuromonitoring. Tunable, multi-layer Monte Carlo-based (MC) light transport models have the potential to remove extracerebral flow cross-talk in cerebral blood flow index ( CBF i ) estimates. Aim: We explore the effectiveness of MC DCS models in recovering accurate CBF i changes in the presence of strong systemic physiology variations during a hypercapnia maneuver. Approach: Multi-layer slab and head-like realistic (curved) geometries were used to run MC simulations of photon propagation through the head. The simulation data were post-processed into models with variable extracerebral thicknesses and used to fit DCS multi-distance intensity autocorrelation measurements to estimate CBF i timecourses. The results of the MC CBF i values from a set of human subject hypercapnia sessions were compared with CBF i values estimated using a semi-infinite analytical model, as commonly used in the field. Results: Group averages indicate a gradual systemic increase in blood flow following a different temporal profile versus the expected rapid CBF response. Optimized MC models, guided by several intrinsic criteria and a pressure modulation maneuver, were able to more effectively separate CBF i changes from scalp blood flow influence than the analytical fitting, which assumed a homogeneous medium. Three-layer models performed better than two-layer ones; slab and curved models achieved largely similar results, though curved geometries were closer to physiological layer thicknesses. Conclusion: Three-layer, adjustable MC models can be useful in separating distinct changes in scalp and brain blood flow. Pressure modulation, along with reasonable estimates of physiological parameters, can help direct the choice of appropriate layer thicknesses in MC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Wu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Suk-Tak Chan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dibbyan Mazumder
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Davide Tamborini
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Stephens
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bin Deng
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Parya Farzam
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joyce Yawei Chu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maria Angela Franceschini
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jason Zhensheng Qu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Stefan A. Carp
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Optics at Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Stefan A. Carp,
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Zhou X, Sobczak G, McKay CM, Litovsky RY. Comparing fNIRS signal qualities between approaches with and without short channels. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244186. [PMID: 33362260 PMCID: PMC7757903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive technique used to measure changes in oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin, related to neuronal activity. fNIRS signals are contaminated by the systemic responses in the extracerebral tissue (superficial layer) of the head, as fNIRS uses a back-reflection measurement. Using shorter channels that are only sensitive to responses in the extracerebral tissue but not in the deeper layers where target neuronal activity occurs has been a 'gold standard' to reduce the systemic responses in the fNIRS data from adults. When shorter channels are not available or feasible for implementation, an alternative, i.e., anti-correlation (Anti-Corr) method has been adopted. To date, there has not been a study that directly assesses the outcomes from the two approaches. In this study, we compared the Anti-Corr method with the 'gold standard' in reducing systemic responses to improve fNIRS neural signal qualities. We used eight short channels (8-mm) in a group of adults, and conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) to extract two components that contributed the most to responses in the 8 short channels, which were assumed to contain the global components in the extracerebral tissue. We then used a general linear model (GLM), with and without including event-related regressors, to regress out the 2 principal components from regular fNIRS channels (30 mm), i.e., two GLM-PCA methods. Our results found that, the two GLM-PCA methods showed similar performance, both GLM-PCA methods and the Anti-Corr method improved fNIRS signal qualities, and the two GLM-PCA methods had better performance than the Anti-Corr method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Sobczak
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Colette M. McKay
- Bionics Institute of Australia, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth Y. Litovsky
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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60
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Ranchet M, Hoang I, Cheminon M, Derollepot R, Devos H, Perrey S, Luauté J, Danaila T, Paire-Ficout L. Changes in Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Walking and Cognitive Functions Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:601686. [PMID: 33362703 PMCID: PMC7758480 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.601686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Walking becomes more and more degraded as Parkinson's Disease (PD) progresses. Previous research examined factors contributing to this deterioration. Among them, changes in brain cortical activity during walking have been less studied in this clinical population. Objectives: This study aimed to: (1) investigate changes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during usual walking and dual-task walking conditions in patients with PD; (2) examine the association between cortical activity and behavioral/cognitive outcomes; and (3) explore which factors best predict increased activation of the DLPFC during usual walking. Methods: Eighteen patients with early stage PD and 18 controls performed 4 conditions: (1) standing while subtracting, (2) usual walking, (3) walking while counting forward, and (4) walking while subtracting. Cortical activity in DLPFC, assessed by changes in oxy-hemoglobin (ΔHbO2) and deoxy-hemoglobin (ΔHbR), was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Gait performance was recorded using wearables sensors. Cognition was also assessed using neuropsychological tests, including the Trail Making Test (TMT). Results: DLPFC activity was higher in patients compared to controls during both usual walking and walking while subtracting conditions. Patients had impaired walking performance compared to controls only during walking while subtracting task. Moderate-to-strong correlations between ΔHbO2 and coefficients of variation of all gait parameters were found for usual walking and during walking while counting forward conditions. Part-B of TMT predicted 21% of the variance of ΔHbO2 during usual walking after adjustment for group status. Conclusions: The increased DLPFC activity in patients during usual walking suggests a potential compensation for executive deficits. Understanding changes in DLPFC activity during walking may have implications for rehabilitation of gait in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Ranchet
- TS2-LESCOT, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Hoang
- TS2-LESCOT, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Cheminon
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation Neurologique, Hôpital Henry-Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Hannes Devos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mînes Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Luauté
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation Neurologique, Hôpital Henry-Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 529, ImpAct, Center de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Bron, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Teodor Danaila
- Center de Neurosciences Cognitives, Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
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61
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Chen Y, Tang J, Chen Y, Farrand J, Craft MA, Carlson BW, Yuan H. Amplitude of fNIRS Resting-State Global Signal Is Related to EEG Vigilance Measures: A Simultaneous fNIRS and EEG Study. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:560878. [PMID: 33343275 PMCID: PMC7744746 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.560878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been utilized to image the hemodynamic activities and connectivity in the human brain. With the advantage of economic efficiency, portability, and fewer physical constraints, fNIRS enables studying of the human brain at versatile environment and various body positions, including at bed side and during exercise, which complements the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, like fMRI, fNIRS imaging can be influenced by the presence of a strong global component. Yet, the nature of the global signal in fNIRS has not been established. In this study, we investigated the relationship between fNIRS global signal and electroencephalogram (EEG) vigilance using simultaneous recordings in resting healthy subjects in high-density and whole-head montage. In Experiment 1, data were acquired at supine, sitting, and standing positions. Results found that the factor of body positions significantly affected the amplitude of the resting-state fNIRS global signal, prominently in the frequency range of 0.05-0.1 Hz but not in the very low frequency range of less than 0.05 Hz. As a control, the task-induced fNIRS or EEG responses to auditory stimuli did not differ across body positions. However, EEG vigilance plays a modulatory role in the fNIRS signals in the frequency range of less than 0.05 Hz: resting-state sessions of low EEG vigilance measures are associated with high amplitudes of fNIRS global signals. Moreover, in Experiment 2, we further examined the epoch-to-epoch fluctuations in concurrent fNIRS and EEG data acquired from a separate group of subjects and found a negative temporal correlation between EEG vigilance measures and fNIRS global signal amplitudes. Our study for the first time revealed that vigilance as a neurophysiological factor modulates the resting-state dynamics of fNIRS, which have important implications for understanding and processing the noises in fNIRS signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Julia Tang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Yafen Chen
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Jesse Farrand
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Melissa A. Craft
- Fran and Earl Ziegler College of Nursing, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Barbara W. Carlson
- Fran and Earl Ziegler College of Nursing, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Han Yuan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
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62
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Chen X, Song X, Chen L, An X, Ming D. Performance Improvement for Detecting Brain Function Using fNIRS: A Multi-Distance Probe Configuration With PPL Method. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:569508. [PMID: 33240063 PMCID: PMC7677412 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.569508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the spatial resolution of imaging and get more effective brain function information, a multi-distance probe configuration with three distances (28.2, 40, and 44.7 mm) and 52 channels is designed. At the same time, a data conversion method of modified Beer–Lambert law (MBLL) with partial pathlength (PPL) is proposed. In the experiment, three kinds of tasks, grip of left hand, grip of right hand, and rest, are performed with eight healthy subjects. First, with a typical single-distance probe configuration (30 mm, 24 channels), the feasibility of the proposed MBLL with PPL is preliminarily validated. Further, the characteristic of the proposed method is evaluated with the multi-distance probe configuration. Compared with MBLL with differential pathlength factor (DPF), the proposed MBLL with PPL is able to acquire more obvious concentration change and can achieve higher classification accuracy of the three tasks. Then, with the proposed method, the performance of the multi-distance probe configuration is discussed. Results show that, compared with a single distance, the combination of the three distances has better spatial resolution and could explore more accurate brain activation information. Besides, the classification accuracy of the three tasks obtained with the combination of three distances is higher than that of any combination of two distances. Also, with the combination of the three distances, the two-class classification between different tasks is carried out. Both theory and experimental results demonstrate that, using multi-distance probe configuration and the MBLL with PPL method, the performance of brain function detected by NIRS can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translation Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xizi Song
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translation Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translation Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingwei An
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translation Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translation Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Ming,
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63
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Butler LK, Kiran S, Tager-Flusberg H. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Speech and Language Impairment Across the Life Span: A Systematic Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:1674-1701. [PMID: 32640168 PMCID: PMC7893520 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Functional brain imaging is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of communication disorders, yet many populations and settings are incompatible with functional magnetic resonance imaging and other commonly used techniques. We conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging studies using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with individuals with speech or language impairment across the life span. We aimed to answer the following question: To what extent has fNIRS been used to investigate the neural correlates of speech-language impairment? Method This systematic review was preregistered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42019136464). We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol for preferred reporting items for systematic reviews. The database searches were conducted between February and March of 2019 with the following search terms: (a) fNIRS or functional near-infrared spectroscopy or NIRS or near-infrared spectroscopy, (b) speech or language, and (c) disorder or impairment or delay. Results We found 34 fNIRS studies that involved individuals with speech or language impairment across nine categories: (a) autism spectrum disorders; (b) developmental speech and language disorders; (c) cochlear implantation and deafness; (d) dementia, dementia of the Alzheimer's type, and mild cognitive impairment; (e) locked-in syndrome; (f) neurologic speech disorders/dysarthria; (g) stroke/aphasia; (h) stuttering; and (i) traumatic brain injury. Conclusions Though it is not without inherent challenges, fNIRS may have advantages over other neuroimaging techniques in the areas of speech and language impairment. fNIRS has clinical applications that may lead to improved early and differential diagnosis, increase our understanding of response to treatment, improve neuroprosthetic functioning, and advance neurofeedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Butler
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, MA
| | - Swathi Kiran
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, MA
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64
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Zhao H, Brigadoi S, Chitnis D, Vita ED, Castellaro M, Powell S, Everdell NL, Cooper RJ. A wide field-of-view, modular, high-density diffuse optical tomography system for minimally constrained three-dimensional functional neuroimaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4110-4129. [PMID: 32923032 PMCID: PMC7449732 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to produce high-quality images of human brain function in any environment and during unconstrained movement of the subject has long been a goal of neuroimaging research. Diffuse optical tomography, which uses the intensity of back-scattered near-infrared light from multiple source-detector pairs to image changes in haemoglobin concentrations in the brain, is uniquely placed to achieve this goal. Here, we describe a new generation of modular, fibre-less, high-density diffuse optical tomography technology that provides exceptional sensitivity, a large dynamic range, a field-of-view sufficient to cover approximately one-third of the adult scalp, and also incorporates dedicated motion sensing into each module. Using in-vivo measures, we demonstrate a noise-equivalent power of 318 fW, and an effective dynamic range of 142 dB. We describe the application of this system to a novel somatomotor neuroimaging paradigm that involves subjects walking and texting on a smartphone. Our results demonstrate that wearable high-density diffuse optical tomography permits three-dimensional imaging of the human brain function during overt movement of the subject; images of somatomotor cortical activation can be obtained while subjects move in a relatively unconstrained manner, and these images are in good agreement with those obtained while the subjects remain stationary. The scalable nature of the technology we described here paves the way for the routine acquisition of high-quality, three-dimensional, whole-cortex diffuse optical tomography images of cerebral haemodynamics, both inside and outside of the laboratory environment, which has profound implications for neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubin Zhao
- DOT-HUB, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Danial Chitnis
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Enrico De Vita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Marco Castellaro
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samuel Powell
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nicholas L. Everdell
- DOT-HUB, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- DOT-HUB, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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65
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Kawaguchi H, Tanikawa Y, Yamada T. Exclusive detection of cerebral hemodynamics in functional near-infrared spectroscopy by reflectance modulation of the scalp surface. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-16. [PMID: 32762174 PMCID: PMC7403450 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.8.087001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technique for detecting regional hemodynamic responses associated with neural activation in the cerebral cortex. The absorption changes due to hemodynamic changes in the scalp cause considerable signal contamination in the fNIRS measurement. A method for extracting hemodynamic changes in the cerebral tissue is required for reliable fNIRS measurement. AIM To exclusively detect cerebral functional hemodynamic changes, we developed an fNIRS technique using reflectance modulation of the scalp surface. APPROACH The theoretical feasibility of the proposed method was proven by a simulation calculation of light propagation. Its practical feasibility was evaluated by a phantom experiment and brain activation simulation mimicking human fNIRS experiments. RESULTS The simulation calculation revealed that the partial path length of the scalp was changed by reflectance modulation of the scalp surface. The influence of absorption change in the superficial layer was successfully reduced by the proposed method, using only measurement data, in the phantom experiment. The proposed method was applicable to human experiments of standard designs, achieving statistical significance within an acceptable experimental time-frame. CONCLUSIONS Removal of the scalp hemodynamic effect by the proposed technique will increase the quality of fNIRS data, particularly in measurements in neonates and infants that typically would require a dense optode arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukari Tanikawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toru Yamada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
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66
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Yang CL, Lim SB, Peters S, Eng JJ. Cortical Activation During Shoulder and Finger Movements in Healthy Adults: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:260. [PMID: 32733221 PMCID: PMC7362764 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of cortical activation patterns during movement of the upper extremity in healthy adults is helpful in understanding recovery mechanisms following neurological disorders. This study explores cortical activation patterns associated with movements of the shoulder and fingers in healthy adults using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twelve healthy right-handed participants were recruited. Two motor tasks (shoulder abduction and finger extension) with two different trial lengths (10 s and 20 s) were performed in a sitting position at a rate of 0.5 Hz. The hemodynamic response, as indicated by oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR), over both hemispheres was acquired using a 54-channel fNIRS system. We found a generalized bilateral cortical activation during both motor tasks with greater activation in the contralateral compared to the ipsilateral primary motor cortex. Particularly in the more medial part of the contralateral hemisphere, significant higher activation was found during the shoulder compared to finger movements. Furthermore, cortical activation patterns are affected not only by motor tasks but also by trial lengths. HbO is more sensitive to detect cortical activation during finger movements in longer trials, while HbR is a better surrogate to capture active areas during shoulder movement in shorter trials. Based on these findings, reporting both HbO and HbR is strongly recommended for future fNIRS studies, and trial lengths should be taken into account when designing experiments and explaining results. Our findings demonstrating distinct cortical activation patterns associated with shoulder and finger movements in healthy adults provide a foundation for future research to study recovery mechanisms following neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ling Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon B Lim
- Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sue Peters
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janice J Eng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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67
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Wyser D, Mattille M, Wolf M, Lambercy O, Scholkmann F, Gassert R. Short-channel regression in functional near-infrared spectroscopy is more effective when considering heterogeneous scalp hemodynamics. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:035011. [PMID: 33029548 PMCID: PMC7523733 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.3.035011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The reliability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements is reduced by systemic physiology. Short-channel regression algorithms aim at removing systemic "noise" by subtracting the signal measured at a short source-detector separation (mainly scalp hemodynamics) from the one of a long separation (brain and scalp hemodynamics). In literature, incongruent approaches on the selection of the optimal regressor signal are reported based on different assumptions on scalp hemodynamics properties. Aim: We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of scalp hemodynamics over the sensorimotor cortex and evaluated its influence on the effectiveness of short-channel regressions. Approach: We performed hand-grasping and resting-state experiments with five subjects, measuring with 16 optodes over sensorimotor areas, including eight 8-mm channels. We performed detailed correlation analyses of scalp hemodynamics and evaluated 180 hand-grasping and 270 simulated (overlaid on resting-state measurements) trials. Five short-channel regressor combinations were implemented with general linear models. Three were chosen according to literature, and two were proposed based on additional physiological assumptions [considering multiple short channels and their Mayer wave (MW) oscillations]. Results: We found heterogeneous hemodynamics in the scalp, coming on top of a global close-to-homogeneous behavior (correlation 0.69 to 0.92). The results further demonstrate that short-channel regression always improves brain activity estimates but that better results are obtained when heterogeneity is assumed. In particular, we highlight that short-channel regression is more effective when combining multiple scalp regressors and when MWs are additionally included. Conclusion: We shed light on the selection of optimal regressor signals for improving the removal of systemic physiological artifacts in fNIRS. We conclude that short-channel regression is most effective when assuming heterogeneous hemodynamics, in particular when combining spatial- and frequency-specific information. A better understanding of scalp hemodynamics and more effective short-channel regression will promote more accurate assessments of functional brain activity in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wyser
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Mattille
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Lambercy
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Gassert
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
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68
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Cheong D, Zhang F, Kim K, Reid A, Hanan C, Ding L, Yuan H. Task-Related Systemic Artifacts in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:948-951. [PMID: 33018141 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has the potential to become the next common noninvasive neuroimaging technique for routine clinical use. Compared to the current standard for neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), fNIRS boasts several advantages which increase its likelihood for clinical adoption. However, fNIRS suffers from an intrinsic interference from the superficial tissues, which the near-infrared light must penetrate before reaching the deeper cerebral cortex. Therefore, the removal of signals captured by SS channels has been proposed to attenuate the systematic interference. This study aimed to investigate the task-related systemic artefacts, in a high-density montage covering the sensorimotor cortex. We compared the association between LS and SS channels over the contralateral motor cortex which was activated by a hand clenching task, with that over the ipsilateral cortex where no task-related activation was expected. Our findings provide important guidelines regarding how to removal SS signals in a high-density whole-head montage.
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69
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Liu D, Pan T, Liu Y, Bai L, Zhou Z, Jiang J, Gao F. Joint direct estimation of hemodynamic response function and activation level in brain functional high density diffuse optical tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3025-3042. [PMID: 32637239 PMCID: PMC7316018 DOI: 10.1364/boe.386567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High density diffuse optical tomography has become increasingly important to detect underlying neuronal activities. Conventional methods first estimate the time courses of the changes in the absorption coefficients for all the voxels, and then estimate the hemodynamic response function (HRF). Activation-level maps are extracted at last based on this HRF. However, the error propagation among the successive processes degrades and even misleads the final results. Besides, the computation burden is heavy. To address the above problems, a direct method is proposed in this paper to simultaneously estimate the HRF and the activation-level maps from the boundary fluxes. It is assumed that all the voxels in the same activated brain region share the same HRF but differ in the activation levels, and no prior information is imposed on the specific shape of the HRF. The dynamic simulation and phantom experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the conventional one in terms of the estimation accuracy and computation speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Wang
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Yao Zhang
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Dongyuan Liu
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Tiantian Pan
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Lu Bai
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Zhongxing Zhou
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Jingying Jiang
- Beihang University, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China, 100191
| | - Feng Gao
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300072
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70
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Forti RM, Katsurayama M, Menko J, Valler L, Quiroga A, Falcão ALE, Li LM, Mesquita RC. Real-Time Non-invasive Assessment of Cerebral Hemodynamics With Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies in a Neuro Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Case Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:147. [PMID: 32411712 PMCID: PMC7198738 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of secondary damage is an important goal in the treatment of severe neurological conditions, such as major head trauma or stroke. However, there is currently a lack of non-invasive methods for monitoring cerebral physiology. Diffuse optical methods have been proposed as an inexpensive, non-invasive bedside monitor capable of providing neurophysiology information in neurocritical patients. However, the reliability of the technique to provide accurate longitudinal measurement during the clinical evolution of a patient remains largely unaddressed. Here, we report on the translation of a hybrid diffuse optical system combining frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (FD-DOS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) for real-time monitoring of cerebral physiology in a neuro intensive care unit (neuro-ICU). More specifically, we present a case study of a patient admitted with a high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, who was monitored throughout hospitalization. We show that the neurophysiological parameters measured by diffuse optics at the bedside are consistent with the clinical evolution of the patient at all the different stages following its brain lesion. These data provide support for clinical translation of DOS/DCS as a useful biomarker of neurophysiology in the neuro-ICU, particularly in locations where other clinical resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Forti
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marilise Katsurayama
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil.,Clinical Hospital, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Julien Menko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Lenise Valler
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil.,Clinical Hospital, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andres Quiroga
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Li M Li
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rickson C Mesquita
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
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71
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von Lühmann A, Ortega-Martinez A, Boas DA, Yücel MA. Using the General Linear Model to Improve Performance in fNIRS Single Trial Analysis and Classification: A Perspective. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:30. [PMID: 32132909 PMCID: PMC7040364 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a decade, single trial analysis of functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals has gained significant momentum, and fNIRS joined the set of modalities frequently used for active and passive Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI). A great variety of methods for feature extraction and classification have been explored using state-of-the-art Machine Learning methods. In contrast, signal preprocessing and cleaning pipelines for fNIRS often follow simple recipes and so far rarely incorporate the available state-of-the-art in adjacent fields. In neuroscience, where fMRI and fNIRS are established neuroimaging tools, evoked hemodynamic brain activity is typically estimated across multiple trials using a General Linear Model (GLM). With the help of the GLM, subject, channel, and task specific evoked hemodynamic responses are estimated, and the evoked brain activity is more robustly separated from systemic physiological interference using independent measures of nuisance regressors, such as short-separation fNIRS measurements. When correctly applied in single trial analysis, e.g., in BCI, this approach can significantly enhance contrast to noise ratio of the brain signal, improve feature separability and ultimately lead to better classification accuracy. In this manuscript, we provide a brief introduction into the GLM and show how to incorporate it into a typical BCI preprocessing pipeline and cross-validation. Using a resting state fNIRS data set augmented with synthetic hemodynamic responses that provide ground truth brain activity, we compare the quality of commonly used fNIRS features for BCI that are extracted from (1) conventionally preprocessed signals, and (2) signals preprocessed with the GLM and physiological nuisance regressors. We show that the GLM-based approach can provide better single trial estimates of brain activity as well as a new feature type, i.e., the weight of the individual and channel-specific hemodynamic response function (HRF) regressor. The improved estimates yield features with higher separability, that significantly enhance accuracy in a binary classification task when compared to conventional preprocessing—on average +7.4% across subjects and feature types. We propose to adapt this well-established approach from neuroscience to the domain of single-trial analysis and preprocessing wherever the classification of evoked brain activity is of concern, for instance in BCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Lühmann
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David A Boas
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meryem Ayşe Yücel
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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72
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Izzetoglu M, Holtzer R. Effects of Processing Methods on fNIRS Signals Assessed During Active Walking Tasks in Older Adults. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2020; 28:699-709. [PMID: 32070987 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2020.2970407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive optics-based neuroimaging modality successfully applied to real-life settings. The technology uses light in the near infrared range (650-950nm) to track changes in oxygenated (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) obtained from measured light intensity using light-tissue interaction principles. fNIRS data processing involves artifact removal and hemodynamic signal conversion using modified Beer-Lambert law (MBLL) to obtain Hb and HbO2, reliably. fNIRS signals can get contaminated by various noise sources of physiological and non-physiological origins. Various algorithms have been proposed for the elimination of artifacts from frequency selective filters to blind source separation methods. Hemodynamic signal extraction using raw intensity measurements at multiple wavelengths based on MBLL usually involves apriori knowledge of certain conversion parameters such as molar extinction coefficients ( ε ) and differential path length factor (DPF). Different sets of conversion parameters dependent upon wavelength, chromophores, and age have been reported. Variation in processing algorithms and parameters can cause differences in Hb and HbO2 extraction which can in turn change study outcomes. Using fNIRS, we have previously shown significant increases in oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex from Single-Task-Walking (STW) to Dual-task-Walking (DTW) conditions in older adults due to greater cognitive demands inherent in the latter condition. In the current study, we re-analyzed our data and determined that although using different conversion parameters i.e. ε and age dependent DPF and filter cut-off frequencies at 0.14 and 0.08Hz including those designed to remove confounding effects of Mayer waves had caused some linear increases or decreases on the extracted Hb and HbO2 signals, those effects were minimal in task related comparisons and hence, the overall study outcomes.
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73
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Yaramothu C, Li X, Morales C, Alvarez TL. Reliability of Frontal Eye Fields Activation and Very Low-Frequency Oscillations Observed during Vergence Eye Movements: an fNIRS Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:712. [PMID: 31959829 PMCID: PMC6971237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an imaging tool that utilizes infrared light to measure changes within the concentration of oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin, holds promise to study functional activity from motor, visual, and memory cortical regions using stimulus-induced tasks. This study investigated the reliability for fNIRS to examine cortical activations within the frontal eye fields (FEF) while initiating vergence eye movements, the inward and outward rotation of the eyes. FNIRS data were collected from twenty participants with normal binocular vision while performing vergence eye movements compared to sustained gaze fixation within a block design during two different sessions. Reliability of the experimental protocol was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICC values ranged from 0.6 to 0.7 for measuring the HbO activation within the vicinity of the FEF. A frequency power spectrum analysis revealed two predominant frequencies within the functional activation signals from the FEF. One high-intensity signal was present at 0.029 Hz, centering around the block design frequency. The peak-intensity signal was observed between 0.012 and 0.018 Hz where this very low-frequency oscillation (VLFO) was hypothesized to be generated by the macrovasculature present near the FEF and should be avoided as a block design frequency in future fNIRS studies to avoid false positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yaramothu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Cristian Morales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tara L Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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74
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Fantini S, Blaney G, Sassaroli A. Transformational change in the field of diffuse optics: From going bananas to going nuts. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 13:1930013. [PMID: 36340430 PMCID: PMC9632641 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545819300131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concept of region of sensitivity is central to the field of diffuse optics and is closely related to the Jacobian matrix used to solve the inverse problem in imaging. It is well-known that, in diffuse reflectance, the region of sensitivity associated with a given source-detector pair is shaped as a banana, and features maximal sensitivity to the portions of the sample that are closest to the source and the detector. We have recently introduced a dual-slope method based on a special arrangement of two sources and two detectors, which results in deeper and more localized regions of sensitivity, resembling the shapes of different kinds of nuts. Here, we report the regions of sensitivity associated with a variety of source-detector arrangements for dual-slope measurements of intensity and phase with frequency-domain spectroscopy (modulation frequency: 140 MHz) in a medium with absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of 0.1 cm-1 and 12 cm-1, respectively. The main result is that the depth of maximum sensitivity, considering only cases that use source-detector separations of 25 and 35 mm, progressively increases as we consider single-distance intensity (2.0 mm), dual-slope intensity (4.6 mm), single-distance phase (7.5 mm), and dual-slope phase (10.9 mm). These results indicate the importance of dual-slope measurements, and even more so of phase measurements, when it is desirable to selectively probe deeper portions of a sample with diffuse optics. This is certainly the case in non-invasive optical studies of brain, muscle, and breast tissue, which are located underneath superficial tissue at variable depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fantini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Giles Blaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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75
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Novi SL, Roberts E, Spagnuolo D, Spilsbury BM, Price DC, Imbalzano CA, Forero E, Yodh AG, Tellis GM, Tellis CM, Mesquita RC. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for speech protocols: characterization of motion artifacts and guidelines for improving data analysis. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:015001. [PMID: 31956662 PMCID: PMC6953699 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring speech tasks with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) enables investigation of speech production mechanisms and informs treatment strategies for speech-related disorders such as stuttering. Unfortunately, due to movement of the temporalis muscle, speech production can induce relative movement between probe optodes and skin. These movements generate motion artifacts during speech tasks. In practice, spurious hemodynamic responses in functional activation signals arise from lack of information about the consequences of speech-related motion artifacts, as well as from lack of standardized processing procedures for fNIRS signals during speech tasks. To this end, we characterize the effects of speech production on fNIRS signals, and we introduce a systematic analysis to ameliorate motion artifacts. The study measured 50 healthy subjects performing jaw movement (JM) tasks and found that JM produces two different patterns of motion artifacts in fNIRS. To remove these unwanted contributions, we validate a hybrid motion-correction algorithm based sequentially on spline interpolation and then wavelet filtering. We compared performance of the hybrid algorithm with standard algorithms based on spline interpolation only and wavelet decomposition only. The hybrid algorithm corrected 94% of the artifacts produced by JM, and it did not lead to spurious responses in the data. We also validated the hybrid algorithm during a reading task performed under two different conditions: reading aloud and reading silently. For both conditions, we observed significant cortical activation in brain regions related to reading. Moreover, when comparing the two conditions, good agreement of spatial and temporal activation patterns was found only when data were analyzed using the hybrid approach. Overall, the study demonstrates a standardized processing scheme for fNIRS data during speech protocols. The scheme decreases spurious responses and intersubject variability due to motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio L. Novi
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erin Roberts
- Misericordia University, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Dallas, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Danielle Spagnuolo
- Misericordia University, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Dallas, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brianna M. Spilsbury
- Misericordia University, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Dallas, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - D’manda C. Price
- Misericordia University, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Dallas, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Cara A. Imbalzano
- Misericordia University, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Dallas, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Edwin Forero
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Glen M. Tellis
- Misericordia University, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Dallas, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Cari M. Tellis
- Misericordia University, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Dallas, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rickson C. Mesquita
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Address all correspondence to: Rickson C. Mesquita, E-mail:
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76
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von Lühmann A, Li X, Müller KR, Boas DA, Yücel MA. Improved physiological noise regression in fNIRS: A multimodal extension of the General Linear Model using temporally embedded Canonical Correlation Analysis. Neuroimage 2019; 208:116472. [PMID: 31870944 PMCID: PMC7703677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For the robust estimation of evoked brain activity from functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals, it is crucial to reduce nuisance signals from systemic physiology and motion. The current best practice incorporates short-separation (SS) fNIRS measurements as regressors in a General Linear Model (GLM). However, several challenging signal characteristics such as non-instantaneous and non-constant coupling are not yet addressed by this approach and additional auxiliary signals are not optimally exploited. We have recently introduced a new methodological framework for the unsupervised multivariate analysis of fNIRS signals using Blind Source Separation (BSS) methods. Building onto the framework, in this manuscript we show how to incorporate the advantages of regularized temporally embedded Canonical Correlation Analysis (tCCA) into the supervised GLM. This approach allows flexible integration of any number of auxiliary modalities and signals. We provide guidance for the selection of optimal parameters and auxiliary signals for the proposed GLM extension. Its performance in the recovery of evoked HRFs is then evaluated using both simulated ground truth data and real experimental data and compared with the GLM with short-separation regression. Our results show that the GLM with tCCA significantly improves upon the current best practice, yielding significantly better results across all applied metrics: Correlation (HbO max. +45%), Root Mean Squared Error (HbO max. −55%), F-Score (HbO up to 3.25-fold) and p-value as well as power spectral density of the noise floor. The proposed method can be incorporated into the GLM in an easily applicable way that flexibly combines any available auxiliary signals into optimal nuisance regressors. This work has potential significance both for conventional neuroscientific fNIRS experiments as well as for emerging applications of fNIRS in everyday environments, medicine and BCI, where high Contrast to Noise Ratio is of importance for single trial analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Lühmann
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA; Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xinge Li
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Klaus-Robert Müller
- Machine Learning Department, Berlin Institute of Technology, 10587, Berlin, Germany; Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - David A Boas
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Meryem A Yücel
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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77
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Keshmiri S, Sumioka H, Yamazaki R, Shiomi M, Ishiguro H. Information Content of Prefrontal Cortex Activity Quantifies the Difficulty of Narrated Stories. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17959. [PMID: 31784577 PMCID: PMC6884437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to realize the individuals' impressions during the verbal communication allows social robots to significantly facilitate their social interactions in such areas as child education and elderly care. However, such impressions are highly subjective and internalized and therefore cannot be easily comprehended through behavioural observations. Although brain-machine interface suggests the utility of the brain information in human-robot interaction, previous studies did not consider its potential for estimating the internal impressions during verbal communication. In this article, we introduce a novel approach to estimation of the individuals' perceived difficulty of stories using the quantified information content of their prefrontal cortex activity. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach by showing its comparable performance in face-to-face, humanoid, speaker, and video-chat settings. Our results contribute to the field of socially assistive robotics by taking a step toward enabling robots determine their human companions' perceived difficulty of conversations, thereby enabling these media to sustain their communication with humans by adapting to individuals' pace and interest in response to conversational nuances and complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hidenobu Sumioka
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamazaki
- Symbiotic Intelligent Systems Research Center, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shiomi
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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78
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Tempest GD, Radel R. Put on your (fNIRS) thinking cap: Frontopolar activation during augmented state creativity. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112082. [PMID: 31301410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Thinking creatively requires the ability to consciously augment creative insight through processes such as analogical reasoning and relational cognition. Prior work has examined augmented states of creativity using a modified verb generation task which requires brief engagement in attempts to think creatively during MRI. In this study, we employed the verb generation task to examine augmented creative states and frontopolar cortex activation in a less-constrained setting using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants (n = 29) were presented with a noun and were required to think of an associated verb. In 50% of the trials, participants were instructed to 'think creatively' (cued condition) as opposed to stating the first or most prominent verb that came to mind (uncued condition). The task was administered in French to native speakers. Hemodynamic responses were recorded over the frontopolar cortex using fNIRS. The relatedness of the noun-verb pairs was calculated and other measures of creativity (the Alternate Uses Test, Compound Remote Associate Test and the Biographical Inventory of Creative Behaviors) were recorded. We showed that in the cued condition, semantic scores were higher (indicating more creative responses), positively associated with other measures of creativity, and changes in oxygenated hemoglobin were larger and more extensive in the left frontopolar cortex, than in the uncued condition. Our findings support the use of the verb generation task (administered in French) to augment creative states and provides further validation of the use of the task to capture creativity (i.e., processes involved in generating creative responses through distant associations). We highlight the use of fNIRS to measure associated regional changes in frontopolar cortex activity during augmented states of creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Tempest
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Nice, France; Stanford University, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford, USA.
| | - Rémi Radel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Nice, France
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79
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Seidel O, Carius D, Roediger J, Rumpf S, Ragert P. Changes in neurovascular coupling during cycling exercise measured by multi-distance fNIRS: a comparison between endurance athletes and physically active controls. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2957-2972. [PMID: 31506708 PMCID: PMC6794243 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that endurance exercise modulates the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal system. However, knowledge about its effects on brain function and structure is rather sparse. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate exercise-dependent adaptations in neurovascular coupling to different intensity levels in motor-related brain regions. Moreover, expertise effects between trained endurance athletes (EA) and active control participants (ACP) during a cycling test were investigated using multi-distance functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Initially, participants performed an incremental cycling test (ICT) to assess peak values of power output (PPO) and cardiorespiratory parameters such as oxygen consumption volume (VO2max) and heart rate (HRmax). In a second session, participants cycled individual intensity levels of 20, 40, and 60% of PPO while measuring cardiorespiratory responses and neurovascular coupling. Our results revealed exercise-induced decreases of deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), indicating an increased activation in motor-related brain areas such as primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (PMC). However, we could not find any differential effects in brain activation between EA and ACP. Future studies should extend this approach using whole-brain configurations and systemic physiological augmented fNIRS measurements, which seems to be of pivotal interest in studies aiming to assess neural activation in a sports-related context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seidel
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Daniel Carius
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Roediger
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rumpf
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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80
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Putt SS, Wijeakumar S, Spencer JP. Prefrontal cortex activation supports the emergence of early stone age toolmaking skill. Neuroimage 2019; 199:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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81
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Assessment of the effect of data length on the reliability of resting-state fNIRS connectivity measures and graph metrics. Biomed Signal Process Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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82
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Dong S, Jeong J. Improvement in Recovery of Hemodynamic Responses by Extended Kalman Filter With Non-Linear State-Space Model and Short Separation Measurement. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2152-2162. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2884169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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83
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Di Rosa E, Brigadoi S, Cutini S, Tarantino V, Dell'Acqua R, Mapelli D, Braver TS, Vallesi A. Reward motivation and neurostimulation interact to improve working memory performance in healthy older adults: A simultaneous tDCS-fNIRS study. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116062. [PMID: 31369810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the prefrontal cortex (PFC) for the enhancement of working memory (WM) performance in healthy older adults. However, the mixed results obtained so far suggest the need for concurrent brain imaging, in order to more directly examine tDCS effects. The present study adopted a continuous multimodal approach utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine the interactive effects of tDCS combined with manipulations of reward motivation. Twenty-one older adults (mean age = 69.7 years; SD = 5.05) performed an experimental visuo-spatial WM task before, during and after the delivery of 1.5 mA anodal tDCS/sham over the left prefrontal cortex (PFC). During stimulation, participants received performance-contingent reward for every fast and correct response during the WM task. In both sessions, hemodynamic activity of the bilateral frontal, motor and parietal areas was recorded across the entire duration of the WM task. Cognitive functions and reward sensitivity were also assessed with standard measures. Results demonstrated a significant impact of tDCS on both WM performance and hemodynamic activity. Specifically, faster responses in the WM task were observed both during and after anodal tDCS, while no differences were found under sham control conditions. However, these effects emerged only when taking into account individual visuo-spatial WM capacity. Additionally, during and after the anodal tDCS, increased hemodynamic activity relative to sham was observed in the bilateral PFC, while no effects of tDCS were detected in the motor and parietal areas. These results provide the first evidence of tDCS-dependent functional changes in PFC activity in healthy older adults during the execution of a WM task. Moreover, they highlight the utility of combining reward motivation with prefrontal anodal tDCS, as a potential strategy to improve WM efficiency in low performing healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Di Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Cutini
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tarantino
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Dell'Acqua
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Todd S Braver
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
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84
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Skau S, Bunketorp-Käll L, Kuhn HG, Johansson B. Mental Fatigue and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) - Based Assessment of Cognitive Performance After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:145. [PMID: 31139065 PMCID: PMC6527600 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological mental fatigue after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI-MF) is characterized by pronounced mental fatigue after cognitive activity. The neurological origin is unknown, and we aimed in the present study to investigate how prolonged mental activity affects cognitive performance and its neural correlates in individuals with TBI-MF. We recruited individuals with TBI-MF (n = 20) at least 5 months after injury, and age-matched healthy controls (n = 20). We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess hemodynamic changes in the frontal cortex. The self-assessed mental energy level was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the experimental procedure. A battery of six neuropsychological tests including Stroop–Simon, Symbol Search, Digit Span, Parallel Serial Mental Operation (PaSMO), Sustained Attention and Working Memory test, and Digit Symbol Coding (DSC) were used. The sequence was repeated once after an 8 min sustained-attention test. The test procedure lasted 2½ h. The experimental procedure resulted in a decrease in mental energy in the TBI-MF group, compared to controls (interaction, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.331). The TBI-MF group performed at a similar level on both DSC tests, whereas the controls improved their performance in the second session (interaction, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.268). During the Stroop–Simon test, the fNIRS event-related response showed no time effect. However, the TBI-MF group exhibited lower oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations in the frontal polar area (FPA), ventrolateral motor cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from the beginning of the test session. A Stroop and Group interaction was found in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex showing that the TBI-MF group did have the same oxy-Hb concentration for both congruent and incongruent trials, whereas the controls had more oxy-Hb in the incongruent trial compared to the congruent trial (interaction, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.227). In sum these results indicate that individuals with TBI-MF have a reduced ability to recruit the frontal cortex, which is correlated with self-reported mental fatigue. This may result both in deterioration of cognitive function and the experience of a mental fatigue after extended mental activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Skau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Bunketorp-Käll
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hans Georg Kuhn
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgitta Johansson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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85
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Curtin A, Ayaz H, Tang Y, Sun J, Wang J, Tong S. Enhancing neural efficiency of cognitive processing speed via training and neurostimulation: An fNIRS and TMS study. Neuroimage 2019; 198:73-82. [PMID: 31078636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Speed of Processing (SoP) represents a fundamental limiting step in cognitive performance which may underlie General Intelligence. The measure of SoP is particularly sensitive to aging, neurological or cognitive diseases, and has become a benchmark for diagnosis, cognitive remediation, and enhancement. Neural efficiency of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) is proposed to account for individual differences in SoP. However, the mechanisms by which DLPFC efficiency is shaped by training and whether it can be enhanced remain elusive. To address this, we monitored the brain activity of sixteen healthy participants using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) while practicing a common SoP task (Symbol Digit Substitution Task) across 4 sessions. Furthermore, in each session, participants received counterbalanced excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) during mid-session breaks. Results indicate a significant involvement of the left-DLPFC in SoP, whose neural efficiency is consistently increased through task practice. Active neurostimulation, but not Sham, significantly enhanced the neural efficiency. These findings suggest a common mechanism by which neurostimulation may aid to accelerate learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Curtin
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Department of Family and Community Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China.
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86
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Gilman JM, Yücel MA, Pachas GN, Potter K, Levar N, Broos H, Manghis EM, Schuster RM, Evins AE. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol intoxication is associated with increased prefrontal activation as assessed with functional near-infrared spectroscopy: A report of a potential biomarker of intoxication. Neuroimage 2019; 197:575-585. [PMID: 31075393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), binds to cannabinoid receptors (CB1) present in high concentrations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). It is unknown whether the PFC hemodynamic response changes with THC intoxication. We conducted the first double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of the effect of THC intoxication on functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures of PFC activation. Fifty-four adult, regular (at least weekly) cannabis users received a single oral dose of synthetic THC (dronabinol; 5-50 mg, dose individually tailored to produce intoxication) and identical placebo on two visits at least one week apart. fNIRS recordings were obtained during a working memory task (N-Back) at three timepoints: before THC/placebo, at 100 min (when peak effects were expected), and at 200 min after THC/placebo administration. Functional data were collected using a continuous-wave NIRS device, with 8 sources and 7 detectors arrayed over the forehead, resulting in 20 channels covering PFC regions. Participants also completed frequent heart rate measures and subjective ratings of intoxication. Approximately half of participants reported significant intoxication. Intoxication ratings were not correlated with dose of THC. Increases in heart rate significantly correlated with intoxication ratings after THC dosing. Results indicated that 100 min after THC administration, oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) response significantly increased from pre-dose HbO levels throughout the PFC in participants who reported significant intoxication. Changes in HbO response significantly correlated with self-reported intoxication at 100 min after THC administration. Among those who reported intoxication, HbO response decreased at 200 min after THC, when intoxication had largely resolved, compared to the peak THC time point. This study demonstrates that THC intoxication causes increased PFC activity, and fNIRS of the PFC can measure this effect. Increased neural activation in PFC represents a potential biomarker for cannabis intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Meryem A Yücel
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gladys N Pachas
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Potter
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina Levar
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Broos
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eve M Manghis
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randi M Schuster
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Eden Evins
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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87
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Chevalier N, Jackson J, Revueltas Roux A, Moriguchi Y, Auyeung B. Differentiation in prefrontal cortex recruitment during childhood: Evidence from cognitive control demands and social contexts. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 36:100629. [PMID: 30913498 PMCID: PMC6969260 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Using fNIRS, we examined how children recruit PFC while engaging cognitive control. Activation increased with cognitive control demands more in left than right PFC. It was higher in left PFC in competitive than cooperative contexts, and in right PFC in cooperative and neutral compared to competitive contexts. Older children showed greater variations in PFC activation than younger children. Cognitive control is supported by more differentiated PFC recruitment with age.
Emerging cognitive control during childhood is largely supported by the development of distributed neural networks in which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is central. The present study used fNIRS to examine how PFC is recruited to support cognitive control in 5–6 and 8-9-year-old children, by (a) progressively increasing cognitive control demands within the same task, and (b) manipulating the social context in which the task was performed (neutral, cooperative, or competitive), a factor that has been shown to influence cognitive control. Activation increased more in left than right PFC with cognitive control demands, a pattern which was more pronounced in older than younger children. In addition, activation was higher in left PFC in competitive than cooperative contexts, and higher in right PFC in cooperative and neutral than competitive contexts. These findings suggest that increasingly efficient cognitive control during childhood is supported by more differentiated recruitment of PFC as a function of cognitive control demands with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chevalier
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Judith Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Alexia Revueltas Roux
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Yusuke Moriguchi
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Yoshidahoncho, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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88
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Curtin A, Tong S, Sun J, Wang J, Onaral B, Ayaz H. A Systematic Review of Integrated Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Studies. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:84. [PMID: 30872985 PMCID: PMC6403189 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The capacity for TMS to elicit neural activity and manipulate cortical excitability has created significant expectation regarding its use in both cognitive and clinical neuroscience. However, the absence of an ability to quantify stimulation effects, particularly outside of the motor cortex, has led clinicians and researchers to pair noninvasive brain stimulation with noninvasive neuroimaging techniques. fNIRS, as an optical and wearable neuroimaging technique, is an ideal candidate for integrated use with TMS. Together, TMS+fNIRS may offer a hybrid alternative to "blind" stimulation to assess NIBS in therapy and research. Objective: In this systematic review, the current body of research into the transient and prolonged effects of TMS on fNIRS-based cortical hemodynamic measures while at rest and during tasks are discussed. Additionally, studies investigating the relation of fNIRS to measures of cortical excitability as produced by TMS-evoked Motor-Evoked-Potential (MEP) are evaluated. The aim of this review is to outline the integrated use of TMS+fNIRS and consolidate findings related to use of fNIRS to monitor changes attributed to TMS and the relationship of fNIRS to cortical excitability itself. Methods: Key terms were searched in PubMed and Web-of-Science to identify studies investigating the use of both fNIRS and TMS. Works from Google-Scholar and referenced works in identified papers were also assessed for relevance. All published experimental studies using both fNIRS and TMS techniques in the study methodology were included. Results: A combined literature search of neuroimaging and neurostimulation studies identified 53 papers detailing the joint use of fNIRS and TMS. 22/53 investigated the immediate effects of TMS at rest in the DLPFC and M1 as measured by fNIRS. 21/22 studies reported a significant effect in [HbO] for 40/54 stimulation conditions with 14 resulting an increase and 26 in a decrease. While 15/22 studies also reported [HbR], only 5/37 conditions were significant. Task effects of fNIRS+TMS were detailed in 16 studies, including 10 with clinical populations. Most studies only reported significant changes in [HbO] related measures. Studies comparing fNIRS to changes in MEP-measured cortical excitability suggest that fNIRS measures may be spatially more diffuse but share similar traits. Conclusion: This review summarizes the progress in the development of this emerging hybrid neuroimaging & neurostimulation methodology and its applications. Despite encouraging progress and novel applications, a lack of replicated works, along with highly disparate methodological approaches, highlight the need for further controlled studies. Interpretation of current research directions, technical challenges of TMS+fNIRS, and recommendations regarding future works are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Curtin
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Banu Onaral
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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89
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Multiscale Entropy Quantifies the Differential Effect of the Medium Embodiment on Older Adults Prefrontal Cortex during the Story Comprehension: A Comparative Analysis. ENTROPY 2019; 21:e21020199. [PMID: 33266914 PMCID: PMC7514681 DOI: 10.3390/e21020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Todays’ communication media virtually impact and transform every aspect of our daily communication and yet the extent of their embodiment on our brain is unexplored. The study of this topic becomes more crucial, considering the rapid advances in such fields as socially assistive robotics that envision the use of intelligent and interactive media for providing assistance through social means. In this article, we utilize the multiscale entropy (MSE) to investigate the effect of the physical embodiment on the older people’s prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity while listening to stories. We provide evidence that physical embodiment induces a significant increase in MSE of the older people’s PFC activity and that such a shift in the dynamics of their PFC activation significantly reflects their perceived feeling of fatigue. Our results benefit researchers in age-related cognitive function and rehabilitation who seek for the adaptation of these media in robot-assistive cognitive training of the older people. In addition, they offer a complementary information to the field of human-robot interaction via providing evidence that the use of MSE can enable the interactive learning algorithms to utilize the brain’s activation patterns as feedbacks for improving their level of interactivity, thereby forming a stepping stone for rich and usable human mental model.
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90
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Keshmiri S, Sumioka H, Okubo M, Ishiguro H. An Information-Theoretic Approach to Quantitative Analysis of the Correspondence Between Skin Blood Flow and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measurement in Prefrontal Cortex Activity. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:79. [PMID: 30828287 PMCID: PMC6384277 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of Skin blood flow (SBF) on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurement of cortical activity proves to be an illusive subject matter with divided stances in the neuroscientific literature on its extent. Whereas, some reports on its non-significant influence on fNIRS time series of cortical activity, others consider its impact misleading, even detrimental, in analysis of the brain activity as measured by fNIRS. This situation is further escalated by the fact that almost all analytical studies are based on comparison with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). In this article, we pinpoint the lack of perspective in previous studies on preservation of information content of resulting fNIRS time series once the SBF is attenuated. In doing so, we propose information-theoretic criteria to quantify the necessary and sufficient conditions for SBF attenuation such that the information content of frontal brain activity in resulting fNIRS times series is preserved. We verify these criteria through evaluation of their utility in comparative analysis of principal component (PCA) and independent component (ICA) SBF attenuation algorithms. Our contributions are 2-fold. First, we show that mere reduction of SBF influence on fNIRS time series of frontal activity is insufficient to warrant preservation of cortical activity information. Second, we empirically justify a higher fidelity of PCA-based algorithm in preservation of the fontal activity's information content in comparison with ICA-based approach. Our results suggest that combination of the first two principal components of PCA-based algorithm results in most efficient SBF attenuation while preserving maximum frontal activity's information. These results contribute to the field by presenting a systematic approach to quantification of the SBF as an interfering process during fNIRS measurement, thereby drawing an informed conclusion on this debate. Furthermore, they provide evidence for a reliable choice among existing SBF attenuation algorithms and their inconclusive number of components, thereby ensuring minimum loss of cortical information during SBF attenuation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Sumioka
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Okubo
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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91
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Nguyen HD, Yoo SH, Bhutta MR, Hong KS. Adaptive filtering of physiological noises in fNIRS data. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:180. [PMID: 30514303 PMCID: PMC6278088 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presents a recursive least-squares estimation method with an exponential forgetting factor for noise removal in functional near-infrared spectroscopy data and extraction of hemodynamic responses (HRs) from the measured data. The HR is modeled as a linear regression form in which the expected HR, the first and second derivatives of the expected HR, a short-separation measurement data, three physiological noises, and the baseline drift are included as components in the regression vector. The proposed method is applied to left-motor-cortex experiments on the right thumb and little finger movements in five healthy male participants. The algorithm is evaluated with respect to its performance improvement in terms of contrast-to-noise ratio in comparison with Kalman filter, low-pass filtering, and independent component method. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves reductions of 77% and 99% in terms of the number of channels exhibiting higher contrast-to-noise ratios in oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin, respectively. The approach is robust in obtaining consistent HR data. The proposed method is applied for both offline and online noise removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Dung Nguyen
- Department of Automation Technology, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 900000, Vietnam
| | - So-Hyeon Yoo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - M Raheel Bhutta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Shik Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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92
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Herold F, Wiegel P, Scholkmann F, Müller NG. Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise⁻Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E466. [PMID: 30469482 PMCID: PMC6306799 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain is optimally supplied with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting that cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics can be modified with physical activity. To better understand the relationship between cerebral oxygenation/hemodynamics, physical activity, and cognition, the application of state-of-the art neuroimaging tools is essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is such a neuroimaging tool especially suitable to investigate the effects of physical activity/exercises on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics due to its capability to quantify changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) non-invasively in the human brain. However, currently there is no clear standardized procedure regarding the application, data processing, and data analysis of fNIRS, and there is a large heterogeneity regarding how fNIRS is applied in the field of exercise⁻cognition science. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current methodological knowledge about fNIRS application in studies measuring the cortical hemodynamic responses during cognitive testing (i) prior and after different physical activities interventions, and (ii) in cross-sectional studies accounting for the physical fitness level of their participants. Based on the review of the methodology of 35 as relevant considered publications, we outline recommendations for future fNIRS studies in the field of exercise⁻cognition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wiegel
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79117, Germany.
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Zürich 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39118, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
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93
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van de Rijt LPH, van Wanrooij MM, Snik AFM, Mylanus EAM, van Opstal AJ, Roye A. Measuring Cortical Activity During Auditory Processing with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 8:9-18. [PMID: 31534793 PMCID: PMC6751080 DOI: 10.17430/1003278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical, non-invasive neuroimaging technique that investigates human brain activity by calculating concentrations of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. The aim of this publication is to review the current state of the art as to how fNIRS has been used to study auditory function. We address temporal and spatial characteristics of the hemodynamic response to auditory stimulation as well as experimental factors that affect fNIRS data such as acoustic and stimulus-driven effects. The rising importance that fNIRS is generating in auditory neuroscience underlines the strong potential of the technology, and it seems likely that fNIRS will become a useful clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk P H van de Rijt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc M van Wanrooij
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad F M Snik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel A M Mylanus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A John van Opstal
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Roye
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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94
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Fantini S, Frederick B, Sassaroli A. Perspective: Prospects of non-invasive sensing of the human brain with diffuse optical imaging. APL PHOTONICS 2018; 3:110901. [PMID: 31187064 PMCID: PMC6559748 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the initial demonstration of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for noninvasive measurements of brain perfusion and metabolism in the 1970s, and its application to functional brain studies (fNIRS) in the 1990s, the field of noninvasive optical studies of the brain has been continuously growing. Technological developments, data analysis advances, and novel areas of application keep advancing the field. In this article, we provide a view of the state of the field of cerebral NIRS, starting with a brief historical introduction and a description of the information content of the NIRS signal. We argue that NIRS and fNIRS studies should always report data of both oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in brain tissue, as they complement each other to provide more complete functional and physiological information, and may help identify different types of confounds. One significant challenge is the assessment of absolute tissue properties, be them optical or physiological, so that relative measurements account for the vast majority of NIRS and fNIRS applications. However, even relative measurements of hemodynamics or metabolic changes face the major problem of a potential contamination from extracerebral tissue layers. Accounting for extracerebral contributions to fNIRS signals is one of the most critical barriers in the field. We present some of the approaches that were proposed to tackle this challenge in the study of cerebral hemodynamics and functional connectivity. Finally, we critically compare fNIRS and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) by relating their measurements in terms of signal and noise, and by commenting on their complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fantini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Blaise Frederick
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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95
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de Roever I, Bale G, Mitra S, Meek J, Robertson NJ, Tachtsidis I. Investigation of the Pattern of the Hemodynamic Response as Measured by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Studies in Newborns, Less Than a Month Old: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:371. [PMID: 30333736 PMCID: PMC6176492 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been 20 years since functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was first used to investigate the evoked hemodynamic response to a stimulus in newborns. The hemodynamic response to functional activation is well-established in adults, with an observed increase in concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]) and decrease in deoxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HHb]). However, functional studies in newborns have revealed a mixed response, particularly with Δ[HHb] where an inconsistent change in direction is observed. The reason for this heterogeneity is unknown, with potential explanations arising from differing physiology in the developing brain, or differences in instrumentation or methodology. The aim of this review is to collate the findings from studies that have employed fNIRS to monitor cerebral hemodynamics in term newborn infants aged 1 day-1 month. A total of 46 eligible studies were identified; some studies investigated more than one stimulus type, resulting in a total of 51 reported results. The NIRS parameters reported varied across studies with 50/51 cases reporting Δ[HbO2], 39/51 reporting Δ[HHb], and 13/51 reporting total hemoglobin concentration Δ[HbT] (Δ[HbO2] + Δ[HHb]). However, of the 39 cases reporting Δ[HHb] in graphs or tables, only 24 studies explicitly discussed the response (i.e., direction of change) of this variable. In the studies where the fNIRS responses were discussed, 46/51 cases observed an increase in Δ[HbO2], 7/51 observed an increase or varied Δ[HHb], and 2/51 reported a varied or negative Δ[HbT]. An increase in Δ[HbO2] and decrease or no change in Δ[HHb] was observed in 15 studies. By reviewing this body of literature, we have identified that the majority of research articles reported an increase in Δ[HbO2] across various functional tasks and did not report the response of Δ[HHb]. Confirming the normal, healthy hemodynamic response in newborns will allow identification of unhealthy patterns and their association to normal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de Roever
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Bale
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Subhabrata Mitra
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Meek
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Robertson
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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96
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Witmer JS, Aeschlimann EA, Metz AJ, Troche SJ, Rammsayer TH. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings of Visuospatial Working Memory Processes. Part II: A Replication Study in Children on Sensitivity and Mental-Ability-Induced Differences in Functional Activation. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E152. [PMID: 30103538 PMCID: PMC6119993 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8080152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study in young adults, we showed that hemodynamic changes as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were sensitive for identifying visuospatial working memory (WM)-related functional brain activation in the prefrontal cortex. This functional activation, however, could not be verified for participants with far-above-average mental ability, suggesting different cognitive processes adopted by this group. The present study was designed to confirm these findings in 11- to 13-year-old children by applying the same study design, experimental task, fNIRS setup, and statistical approach. We successfully replicated the earlier findings on sensitivity of fNIRS with regard to visuospatial WM-specific task demands in our children sample. Likewise, mental-ability-induced differences in functional activation were even more pronounced in the children compared with in the young adults. By testing a children sample, we were able to not only replicate our previous findings based on adult participants but also generalize the validity of these findings to children. This latter aspect seems to be of particular significance considering the relatively large number of fNIRS studies on WM performance in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle S Witmer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Eva A Aeschlimann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas J Metz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan J Troche
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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97
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Machado A, Cai Z, Pellegrino G, Marcotte O, Vincent T, Lina JM, Kobayashi E, Grova C. Optimal positioning of optodes on the scalp for personalized functional near-infrared spectroscopy investigations. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 309:91-108. [PMID: 30107210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of functional Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in neurology is still limited as a good optical coupling and optimized optode coverage of specific brain regions remains challenging, notably for prolonged monitoring. METHODS We propose to evaluate a new procedure allowing accurate investigation of specific brain regions. The procedure consists in: (i) A priori maximization of spatial sensitivity of fNIRS measurements targeting specific brain regions, while reducing the number of applied optodes in order to decrease installation time and improve subject comfort. (ii) Utilization of a 3D neuronavigation device and usage of collodion to glue optodes on the scalp, ensuring good optical contact for prolonged investigations. (iii) Local reconstruction of the hemodynamic activity along the cortical surface using inverse modelling. RESULTS Using realistic simulations, we demonstrated that maps derived from optimal montage acquisitions showed, after reconstruction, spatial resolution only slightly lower to that of ultra high density montages while significantly reducing the number of optodes. The optimal montages provided overall good quantitative accuracy especially at the peak of the spatially reconstructed map. We also evaluated real motor responses in two healthy subjects and obtained reproducible motor responses over different sessions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We are among the first to propose a mathematical optimization strategy, allowing high sensitivity measurements. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that using personalized optimal montages should allow to conduct accurate fNIRS studies in clinical settings and realistic lifestyle conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Machado
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Canada.
| | - Z Cai
- Physics Department and PERFORM center, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - G Pellegrino
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Canada; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo Via Alberoni, Venice, Italy
| | - O Marcotte
- GERAD, École des HEC, Montréal, Canada; Département d'informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - T Vincent
- Physics Department and PERFORM center, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - J-M Lina
- École de technologie supérieure de l'Université du Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - E Kobayashi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada
| | - C Grova
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Canada; Physics Department and PERFORM center, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada; Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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98
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Duan L, Zhao Z, Lin Y, Wu X, Luo Y, Xu P. Wavelet-based method for removing global physiological noise in functional near-infrared spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3805-3820. [PMID: 30338157 PMCID: PMC6191612 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a fast-developing non-invasive functional brain imaging technology widely used in cognitive neuroscience, clinical research and neural engineering. However, it is a challenge to effectively remove the global physiological noise in the fNIRS signal. The global physiological noise in fNIRS arises from multiple physiological origins in both superficial tissues and the brain. It has complex temporal, spatial and frequency characteristics, casting significant influence on the results. In the present study, we developed a novel wavelet-based method for fNIRS global physiological noise removal. The method is data-driven and does not rely on any additional hardware or subjective noise component selection procedure. It consists of two steps. Firstly, we use wavelet transform coherence to automatically detect the time-frequency points contaminated by the global physiological noise. Secondly, we decompose the fNIRS signal by using the wavelet transform, and then suppress the wavelet energy of the contaminated time-frequency points. Finally, we transform the signal back to a time series. We validated the method by using simulation and real data at both task- and resting-state. The results showed that our method can effectively remove the global physiological noise from the fNIRS signal and improve the spatial specificity of the task activation and the resting-state functional connectivity pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
- These authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Ziping Zhao
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- These authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Yongling Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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99
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Myllylä T, Harju M, Korhonen V, Bykov A, Kiviniemi V, Meglinski I. Assessment of the dynamics of human glymphatic system by near-infrared spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700123. [PMID: 28802090 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in brain water content has attracted increasing interest, particularly as regards studies of the glymphatic system, which is connected with the complex organization of dural lymphatic vessels, responsible for cleaning tissue. Disturbances of glymphatic circulation are associated with several brain disorders, including dementia. This article introduces an approach to noninvasive measurement of water dynamics in the human brain utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We demonstrate the possibility to sense dynamic variations of water content between the skull and grey matter, for instance, in the subarachnoid space. Measured fluctuations in water content, especially in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), are assumed to be correlated with the dynamics of glymphatic circulation. The sampling volume for the NIRS optode was estimated by Monte Carlo modelling for the wavelengths of 660, 740, 830 and 980 nm. In addition, using combinations of these wavelengths, this article presents the calculation models for quantifying water and haemodynamics. The presented NIRS technique allows long-term functional brain monitoring, including sleeping time. Furthermore, it is used in combination with different magnetic neuroimaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance encephalography. Using the combined setup, we report the preliminary results on the interaction between CSF and blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Myllylä
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Harju
- Inverse Problems Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alexander Bykov
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Photonics and Optical Information Technology, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Photonics and Optical Information Technology, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
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100
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Croce P, Zappasodi F, Merla A, Chiarelli AM. Exploiting neurovascular coupling: a Bayesian sequential Monte Carlo approach applied to simulated EEG fNIRS data. J Neural Eng 2018; 14:046029. [PMID: 28504643 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electrical and hemodynamic brain activity are linked through the neurovascular coupling process and they can be simultaneously measured through integration of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Thanks to the lack of electro-optical interference, the two procedures can be easily combined and, whereas EEG provides electrophysiological information, fNIRS can provide measurements of two hemodynamic variables, such as oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. A Bayesian sequential Monte Carlo approach (particle filter, PF) was applied to simulated recordings of electrical and neurovascular mediated hemodynamic activity, and the advantages of a unified framework were shown. APPROACH Multiple neural activities and hemodynamic responses were simulated in the primary motor cortex of a subject brain. EEG and fNIRS recordings were obtained by means of forward models of volume conduction and light propagation through the head. A state space model of combined EEG and fNIRS data was built and its dynamic evolution was estimated through a Bayesian sequential Monte Carlo approach (PF). MAIN RESULTS We showed the feasibility of the procedure and the improvements in both electrical and hemodynamic brain activity reconstruction when using the PF on combined EEG and fNIRS measurements. SIGNIFICANCE The investigated procedure allows one to combine the information provided by the two methodologies, and, by taking advantage of a physical model of the coupling between electrical and hemodynamic response, to obtain a better estimate of brain activity evolution. Despite the high computational demand, application of such an approach to in vivo recordings could fully exploit the advantages of this combined brain imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Croce
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G.dAnnunzio' University, Chieti, Italy. Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, 'G.dAnnunzio' University, Chieti, Italy
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