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Ota T, Iida J, Okazaki K, Ishida R, Takahashi M, Okamura K, Yamamuro K, Kishimoto N, Kimoto S, Yasuda Y, Hashimoto R, Makinodan M, Kishimoto T. Delayed prefrontal hemodynamic response associated with suicide risk in autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 289:112971. [PMID: 32408192 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Adults diagnosed with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk of experiencing suicidality compared with other clinical groups. Recently, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies have investigated the association between frontotemporal functional abnormalities and suicidality in patients with mood disorders. However, whether these prefrontal hemodynamic responses are associated with suicide vulnerability in individuals with ASD remains unclear. Here, we used 24-channel NIRS to examine the characteristics of prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a verbal fluency task in 20 adults with ASD and in age-, sex-, and intelligence quotient-matched healthy controls. In addition, we used Spearman's correlation analysis to identify the relationship between the time-course of prefrontal hemodynamic activation and the current suicide risk in patients with ASD. We found no significant differences between the verbal fluency task-induced prefrontal hemodynamic responses in the ASD vs. control group. However, we found a significant positive correlation between the current suicide risk score and the time-course of prefrontal hemodynamic activation in the ASD group. Thus, the 24-channel NIRS system appears to be useful in assessing suicide risk in individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyosaku Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
| | - Junzo Iida
- Faculty of Nursing, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Rio Ishida
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Okamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Naoko Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Sohei Kimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan; Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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New Directions in Exercise Prescription: Is There a Role for Brain-Derived Parameters Obtained by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy? Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060342. [PMID: 32503207 PMCID: PMC7348779 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the literature, it is well established that regular physical exercise is a powerful strategy to promote brain health and to improve cognitive performance. However, exact knowledge about which exercise prescription would be optimal in the setting of exercise–cognition science is lacking. While there is a strong theoretical rationale for using indicators of internal load (e.g., heart rate) in exercise prescription, the most suitable parameters have yet to be determined. In this perspective article, we discuss the role of brain-derived parameters (e.g., brain activity) as valuable indicators of internal load which can be beneficial for individualizing the exercise prescription in exercise–cognition research. Therefore, we focus on the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), since this neuroimaging modality provides specific advantages, making it well suited for monitoring cortical hemodynamics as a proxy of brain activity during physical exercise.
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Raggam P, Bauernfeind G, Wriessnegger SC. NICA: A Novel Toolbox for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Calculations and Analyses. Front Neuroinform 2020; 14:26. [PMID: 32523524 PMCID: PMC7261925 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures the functional activity of the cerebral cortex. The concentration changes of oxygenated (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) can be detected and associated with activation of the cortex in the investigated area (neurovascular coupling). Recorded signals of hemodynamic responses may contain influences from physiological signals (systemic influences, physiological artifacts) which do not originate from the cerebral cortex activity. The physiological artifacts contain the blood pressure (BP), respiratory patterns, and the pulsation of the heart. In order to perform a comprehensive analysis of recorded fNIRS data, a proper correction of these physiological artifacts is necessary. This article introduces NICA – a novel toolbox for near-infrared spectroscopy calculations and analyses based on MATLAB. With NICA it is possible to process and visualize fNIRS data, including different signal processing methods for physiological artifact correction. The artifact correction methods used in this toolbox are common average reference (CAR), independent component analysis (ICA), and transfer function (TF) models. A practical example provides results from a study, where NICA was used for analyzing the measurement data, in order to demonstrate the signal processing steps and the physiological artifact correction. The toolbox was developed for fNIRS data recorded with the NIRScout 1624 measurement device and the corresponding recording software NIRStar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Raggam
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Selina C Wriessnegger
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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54
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Caliandro P, Molteni F, Simbolotti C, Guanziroli E, Iacovelli C, Reale G, Giovannini S, Padua L. Exoskeleton-assisted gait in chronic stroke: An EMG and functional near-infrared spectroscopy study of muscle activation patterns and prefrontal cortex activity. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1775-1781. [PMID: 32506008 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gait impairment dramatically affects stroke patients' functional independence. The Ekso™ is a wearable powered exoskeleton able to improve over-ground gait abilities, but the relationship between the cortical gait control mechanisms and lower limbs kinematics is still unclear. Our aims are: to assess whether the Ekso™ induces an attention-demanding process with prefrontal cortex activation during a gait task; to describe the relationship between the gait-induced muscle activation pattern and the prefrontal cortex activity. METHODS We enrolled 22 chronic stroke patients and 15 matched controls. We registered prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity with functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and muscle activation with surface-electromyography (sEMG) during an over-ground gait task, performed with and without the Ekso™. RESULTS We observed prefrontal cortex activation during normal gait and a higher activation during Ekso-assisted walking among stroke patients. Furthermore, we found that muscle hypo-activation and co-activation of non-paretic limb are associated to a high prefrontal metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Among stroke patients, over-ground gait is an attention-demanding task. Prefrontal activity is modulated both by Ekso-assisted tasks and muscle activation patterns of non-paretic lower limb. Further studies are needed to elucidate if other Ekso™ settings induce different cortical and peripheral effects. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study exploring the relationship between central and peripheral mechanisms during an Ekso-assisted gait task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Caliandro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Molteni
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, Valduce Hospital, Via N. Sauro 17 23845 Costa Masnaga, Lecco, Italy
| | - Chiara Simbolotti
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Guanziroli
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, Valduce Hospital, Via N. Sauro 17 23845 Costa Masnaga, Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Reale
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Giovannini
- Rehabilitation Units, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Padua
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurorehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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55
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The past, present, and prospective on UV-VIS-NIR skin photonics and spectroscopy-a wavelength guide. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:1159-1175. [PMID: 32319030 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-02077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study and applications of in vivo skin optics have been openly documented as early as the year 1954, or possibly earlier. To date, challenges in analyzing the complexities of this field remain, with wide scopes requiring more scrutiny. Recent advances in spectroscopic research and multivariate analytics allow a closer look into applications potentially for detecting or monitoring diseases. One of the challenges in this field is in establishing a reference for applications which correspond to certain bandwidths. This article reviews the scope on past research on skin spectroscopy, and the clinical aspects which have or may have applications on disease detection or enhancing diagnostics. A summary is supplied on the technicalities surrounding the measurements reported in literature, focused towards the wavelength-dependent applications in themes central to the respective research. Analytics on the topology of the papers' data cited in this work is also provided for a statistical perspective. In short, this paper strives to immediately inform the reader with possible applications via the spectroscopic devices at hand. Graphical Abstract .
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Numata N, Hirano Y, Sutoh C, Matsuzawa D, Takeda K, Setsu R, Shimizu E, Nakazato M. Hemodynamic responses in prefrontal cortex and personality characteristics in patients with bulimic disorders: a near-infrared spectroscopy study. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:59-67. [PMID: 29557056 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to identify the prefrontal cortex hemodynamic response that is dependent on cognitive performance in patients with bulimic disorders (BD), and investigate its association with personality characteristics. METHODS Nineteen female patients with BD and 23 healthy women were recruited. Their personality characteristics related to eating disorders were examined using a self-reporting questionnaire, namely the eating disorder inventory-2 (EDI-2). Cerebral blood flow response in the prefrontal cortex during the digit span backward task (DSBT) was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (ΔoxyHb), obtained using NIRS, were used as an index of brain activity. Further, the relationship between prefrontal cortical activity and personality characteristics was investigated in patients with BD. RESULTS The cognitive performance of patients with BD was significantly lower in the DSBT compared with healthy subjects. There was no difference between the groups in ΔoxyHb during the task. Task scores of patients with BD correlated with asceticism and perfectionism. Moreover, the asceticism score was negatively correlated with ΔoxyHb of the bilateral prefrontal cortex in patients with BD. CONCLUSION The results suggest that cognitive performance and brain activity induced during DSBT might be affected by asceticism in BD patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Numata
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sutoh
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuzawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeda
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Rikukage Setsu
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakazato
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Aihara T, Shimokawa T, Ogawa T, Okada Y, Ishikawa A, Inoue Y, Yamashita O. Resting-State Functional Connectivity Estimated With Hierarchical Bayesian Diffuse Optical Tomography. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:32. [PMID: 32082110 PMCID: PMC7005139 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has been generally assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) thanks to its high spatial resolution. However, fMRI has several disadvantages such as high cost and low portability. In addition, fMRI may not be appropriate for people with metal or electronic implants in their bodies, with claustrophobia and who are pregnant. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT), a method of neuroimaging using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to reconstruct three-dimensional brain activity images, offers a non-invasive alternative, because fNIRS as well as fMRI measures changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations and, in addition, fNIRS is free of above disadvantages. We recently proposed a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) DOT algorithm and verified its performance in terms of task-related brain responses. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the HB DOT in terms of estimating RSFC. In 20 healthy males (21-38 years old), 10 min of resting-state data was acquired with 3T MRI scanner or high-density NIRS on different days. The NIRS channels consisted of 96 long (29-mm) source-detector (SD) channels and 56 short (13-mm) SD channels, which covered bilateral frontal and parietal areas. There were one and two resting-state runs in the fMRI and fNIRS experiments, respectively. The reconstruction performances of our algorithm and the two currently prevailing algorithms for DOT were evaluated using fMRI signals as a reference. Compared with the currently prevailing algorithms, our HB algorithm showed better performances in both the similarity to fMRI data and inter-run reproducibility, in terms of estimating the RSFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Aihara
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Neural Information Analysis Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeaki Shimokawa
- Neural Information Analysis Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogawa
- Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuto Okada
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishikawa
- Medical Systems Division, Research and Development Department, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- Medical Systems Division, Research and Development Department, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Okito Yamashita
- Neural Information Analysis Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
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58
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Relationship Between Cerebral Blood Oxygenation and Electrical Activity During Mental Stress Tasks: Simultaneous Measurements of NIRS and EEG. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1232:99-104. [PMID: 31893400 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of stress-induced psychological and somatic diseases has been increasing rapidly, and it is important to clarify the neurophysiological mechanisms of stress response in order to establish effective stress management methods. We previously reported that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in stress response. In the present study, we employed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the characteristics of PFC activity during mental arithmetic tasks. A two-channel NIRS device was used to measure hemoglobin (Hb) concentration changes in the bilateral PFC during a mental arithmetic task (2 min) in normal adults. Simultaneously, EEG was used to also measure bilateral PFC activity during the same task. We evaluated concentration changes of oxy-Hb induced by the task while analyzing α wave changes using power spectrum analysis. It was observed that oxy-Hb in the bilateral PFC increased significantly during the task (p < 0.05), while α wave power in the PFC decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The present results indicate that mental stress tasks caused the activation of the bilateral PFC. Simultaneous measurements of NIRS and EEG are useful for evaluating the neurophysiological mechanism of stress responses in the brain.
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Nakajima K, Takeda T, Saito M, Konno M, Kawano Y, Suzuki Y, Nishino M, Matsuda Y, Ishigami K, Sakatani K. Effect of Mastication Muscle Activity on Prefrontal Cortex NIRS Measurement: A Pilot Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1232:121-127. [PMID: 31893403 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Changes in NIRS signals are related to changes in local cerebral blood flow or oxy-Hb concentration. On the other hand, recent studies have revealed the effect of chewing gum on cognitive performance, stress control etc. which accompanied brain activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, these relationships are still controversial. To evaluate the chewing effect on PFC, NIRS seems to be a suitable method of imaging such results. When measuring NIRS on PFC, blood volume in superficial tissues (scalp, skin, muscle) might have some affect. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of the anterior temporal muscle on NIRS signals during gum chewing. Eight healthy volunteers participated. Two-channel NIRS (HOT-1000, NeU, Japan), which can distinguish total-Hb concentrations in deep tissue and superficial tissue layers, was used. In addition to a conventional optode separation distance of 3.0 cm, Hot 1000 has a short distance of 1.0 cm (NEAR channel) to measure NIRS signals that originate exclusively from surface tissues. NIRS probes were placed at Fp1 and Fp2 in the normal probe setting. The headset was displaced to the left in order to allow the left probe to be placed over the left anterior temporal muscle. In the normal setting, the superficial signal curve shows no notable change; however, the neural (calculated and defined in HOT-1000) and deep curves show an increase during the gum chewing task. At the deviated setting, all three signals show marked changes during the task. Total-Hb concentration in the deviated probe setting is significantly large (p < 0.05) than that of in the normal probe setting. When using gum chewing as a task, it would be better to consider a probe position carefully so that the influence of muscle activity on NIRS signal can be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomotaka Takeda
- Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Saito
- Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Konno
- Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawano
- Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayasu Nishino
- Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Matsuda
- Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ishigami
- Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakatani
- NEWCAT Institute, College of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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60
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Matsuo M, Iso N, Fujiwara K, Moriuchi T, Tanaka G, Honda S, Matsuda D, Higashi T. Cerebral haemodynamics during motor imagery of self-feeding with chopsticks: differences between dominant and non-dominant hand. Somatosens Mot Res 2019; 37:6-13. [PMID: 31813314 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2019.1699044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Motor imagery is defined as a dynamic state during which a subject mentally simulates a given action without overt movements. Our aim was to use near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate differences in cerebral haemodynamics during motor imagery of self-feeding with chopsticks using the dominant or non-dominant hand.Materials and methods: Twenty healthy right-handed people participated in this study. The motor imagery task involved eating sliced cucumber pickles using chopsticks with the dominant (right) or non-dominant (left) hand. Activation of regions of interest (pre-supplementary motor area, supplementary motor area, pre-motor area, pre-frontal cortex, and sensorimotor cortex was assessed.Results: Motor imagery vividness of the dominant hand tended to be significantly higher than that of the non-dominant hand. The time of peak oxygenated haemoglobin was significantly earlier in the right pre-frontal cortex than in the supplementary motor area and left pre-motor area. Haemodynamic correlations were detected in more regions of interest during dominant-hand motor imagery than during non-dominant-hand motor imagery.Conclusions: Haemodynamics might be affected by differences in motor imagery vividness caused by variations in motor manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Matsuo
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iso
- Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kengo Fujiwara
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Zeshinkai General Incorporated Association, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Ginyamachi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Goro Tanaka
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Honda
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daiki Matsuda
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,The Japanese Red Cross, Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Keshmiri S, Sumioka H, Yamazaki R, Shiomi M, Ishiguro H. Information Content of Prefrontal Cortex Activity Quantifies the Difficulty of Narrated Stories. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17959. [PMID: 31784577 PMCID: PMC6884437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to realize the individuals' impressions during the verbal communication allows social robots to significantly facilitate their social interactions in such areas as child education and elderly care. However, such impressions are highly subjective and internalized and therefore cannot be easily comprehended through behavioural observations. Although brain-machine interface suggests the utility of the brain information in human-robot interaction, previous studies did not consider its potential for estimating the internal impressions during verbal communication. In this article, we introduce a novel approach to estimation of the individuals' perceived difficulty of stories using the quantified information content of their prefrontal cortex activity. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach by showing its comparable performance in face-to-face, humanoid, speaker, and video-chat settings. Our results contribute to the field of socially assistive robotics by taking a step toward enabling robots determine their human companions' perceived difficulty of conversations, thereby enabling these media to sustain their communication with humans by adapting to individuals' pace and interest in response to conversational nuances and complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hidenobu Sumioka
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamazaki
- Symbiotic Intelligent Systems Research Center, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shiomi
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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62
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Rupp T, Saugy JJ, Bourdillon N, Verges S, Millet GP. Positive expiratory pressure improves arterial and cerebral oxygenation in acute normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R754-R762. [PMID: 31530174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00025.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) has been shown to limit hypoxia-induced reduction in arterial oxygen saturation, but its effectiveness on systemic and cerebral adaptations, depending on the type of hypoxic exposure [normobaric (NH) versus hypobaric (HH)], remains unknown. Thirteen healthy volunteers completed three randomized sessions consisting of 24-h exposure to either normobaric normoxia (NN), NH (inspiratory oxygen fraction, FiO2 = 13.6%; barometric pressure, BP = 716 mmHg; inspired oxygen partial pressure, PiO2 = 90.9 ± 1.0 mmHg), or HH (3,450 m, FiO2 = 20.9%, BP = 482 mmHg, PiO2 = 91.0 ± 0.6 mmHg). After the 6th and the 22nd hours, participants breathed quietly through a facemask with a 10-cmH2O PEP for 2 × 5 min interspaced with 5 min of free breathing. Arterial (SpO2, pulse oximetry), quadriceps, and cerebral (near-infrared spectroscopy) oxygenation, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv; transcranial Doppler), ventilation, and cardiovascular responses were recorded continuously. SpO2without PEP was significantly lower in HH (87 ± 4% on average for both time points, P < 0.001) compared with NH (91 ± 3%) and NN (97 ± 1%). PEP breathing did not change SpO2 in NN but increased it similarly in NH and HH (+4.3 ± 2.5 and +4.7 ± 4.1% after 6h; +3.5 ± 2.2 and +4.1 ± 2.9% after 22h, both P < 0.001). Although MCAv was reduced by PEP (in all sessions and at all time points, -6.0 ± 4.2 cm/s on average, P < 0.001), the cerebral oxygenation was significantly improved (P < 0.05) with PEP in both NH and HH, with no difference between conditions. These data indicate that PEP could be an attractive nonpharmacological means to improve arterial and cerebral oxygenation under both normobaric and hypobaric mild hypoxic conditions in healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rupp
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambery, France
| | - Jonas J Saugy
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bourdillon
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Verges
- Hypoxia-pathophysiology 2 Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes University, France.,Unité 1042, INSERM, Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Matsuda Y, Makinodan M, Morimoto T, Kishimoto T. Neural changes following cognitive remediation therapy for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:676-684. [PMID: 31278805 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia experience cognitive impairments that relate to poorer social functioning even after amelioration of positive symptoms. Pharmacological treatment and cognitive remediation are the two important therapeutic approaches for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) for schizophrenia improves cognitive functioning and induces neuroplasticity, but different approaches and durations of CRT and different neuroimaging devices have led to varying results in meta-analyses. The objective of this review was to explore the impact of CRT on neurobiology. Several studies have provided evidence of increased activation in the frontal brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and parietal and occipital regions during working memory or executive function tasks after CRT. Two studies have shown alterations in resting-state connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and temporal regions. Two studies have reported that CRT induces changes in gray matter volume in the hippocampus. Further, one study observed that patients who had received CRT had elevated fractional anisotropy in the basal ganglia. We conclude that neuroimaging studies assessing CRT in patients with schizophrenia showed functional, structural, and connectivity changes that were positively correlated with cognitive improvements despite heterogeneous CRT approaches. Future studies that combine multiple modalities are required to address the differences, effects of intrinsic motivation, and pharmacological augmentation of CRT. Further understanding of the biological basis might lead to predictions of the CRT response in patients with schizophrenia and contribute to identification of schizophrenia patients for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Morimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Klein F, Kranczioch C. Signal Processing in fNIRS: A Case for the Removal of Systemic Activity for Single Trial Data. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:331. [PMID: 31607880 PMCID: PMC6769087 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) are increasingly aware of the problem that conventional filtering methods do not eliminate systemic noise at frequencies overlapping with the task frequency. This is a problem when signals are averaged for analysis, even more so when single trial data are used as in online neurofeedback or BCI applications where insufficiently preprocessed data means feeding back noise instead of brain activity or when looking for brain-behavior relationships on a trial-by-trial basis. For removing this task-related noise statistical approaches have been proposed. Yet as evidence is lacking on how these approaches perform on independent data, choosing one approach over another can be difficult. Here signal quality at the single trial level was considered together with statistical effects to inform this choice. Compared were conventional band-pass filtering and wavelet minimum description length detrending and the combination of both with a more elaborate, published preprocessing approach for a motor execution—motor imagery data set. Temporal consistency between Δ[HbO] and Δ[HbR] and two measures of the spatial specificity of signals that are proposed here served as measures of data quality. Both improved strongly for the combinationed preprocessing approaches. Statistical effects showed a strong tendency toward getting smaller for the combined approaches. This underlines the importance to adequately deal with noise in fNIRS recordings and demonstrates how the quality of statistical correction approaches can be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Klein
- Neurocognition and Functional Neurorehabilitation Group, Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kranczioch
- Neurocognition and Functional Neurorehabilitation Group, Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Comparison of Feature Vector Compositions to Enhance the Performance of NIRS-BCI-Triggered Robotic Hand Orthosis for Post-Stroke Motor Recovery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9183845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, brain–computer interfaces, combined with feedback systems and goal-oriented training, have been investigated for their capacity to promote functional recovery after stroke. Accordingly, we developed a brain–computer interface-triggered robotic hand orthosis that assists hand-closing and hand-opening for post-stroke patients without sufficient motor output. In this system, near-infrared spectroscopy is used to monitor the affected motor cortex, and a linear discriminant analysis-based binary classifier estimates hand posture. The estimated posture then wirelessly triggers the robotic hand orthosis. For better performance of the brain–computer interface, we tested feature windows of different lengths and varying feature vector compositions with motor execution data from seven neurologically intact participants. The interaction between a feature window and a delay in the hemodynamic response significantly affected both classification accuracy (Matthew Correlation Coefficient) and detection latency. The ‘preserving channels’ feature vector was able to increase accuracy by 13.14% and decrease latency by 29.48%, relative to averaging. Oxyhemoglobin combined with deoxyhemoglobin improved accuracy by 3.71% and decreased latency by 6.01% relative to oxyhemoglobin alone. Thus, the best classification performance resulted in an accuracy of 0.7154 and a latency of 2.8515 s. The hand rehabilitation system was successfully implemented using this feature vector composition, which yielded better classification performance.
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66
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Kawaike Y, Nagata J, Furuya T, Koriyama C, Nakamura M, Sano A. Working Memory-Related Prefrontal Hemodynamic Responses in University Students: A Correlation Study of Subjective Well-Being and Lifestyle Habits. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:213. [PMID: 31572144 PMCID: PMC6754075 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of social risk factors and the promotion of stress coping mechanisms and mental resilience are topics of interest in the field of mental health. The relationships between risk- or tolerability-associated factors and task-related hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in adolescents may have important implications for mental health challenges. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between task-related PFC hemodynamic activities and subjective well-being or lifestyle habits using wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In this study, after sample refinement to reduce heterogeneity, 20 university students were included in verbal working memory (VWM) task analyses and 21 were included in spatial working memory (SWM) task analyses. The task-related hemodynamic responses were detected using wearable NIRS. To assess the risk- or tolerability-associated factors, the levels of positive and negative affect were assessed using the Subjective Well-Being Inventory (SUBI) and lifestyle habits (such as gaming) were evaluated using a nine-item questionnaire. There was a positive correlation between SUBI positive affect and VWM task-related oxy-hemoglobin signal changes in the right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), underlining the significance of subjective well-being as an important independent emotional domain and suggesting the possibility of the differential objective evaluations of subjective well-being in the right PFC. Negative correlations between PFC activities during both VWM and SWM tasks at the left DLPFC and the number of game playing days in 1 week were also statistically significant, suggesting the presence of modality-non-specific hemodynamic regulation by habitual game playing. Each correlation was still robust after the elimination of major confounding impacts. Although further replication studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary results, this investigation of the relationship between task-related PFC hemodynamic activities and emotional domains or lifestyle habits might have clinical significance with regard to primary prevention of mental health issues in university students. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of these relationships with the use of wearable NIRS, which enables measurement under near natural conditions and is easy to use in schools or workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kawaike
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoichi Kawaike
| | - Junko Nagata
- Health Service Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Furuya
- Computing and Communication Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Schumacher FK, Steinborn C, Weiller C, Schelter BO, Reinhard M, Kaller CP. The impact of physiological noise on hemodynamic-derived estimates of directed functional connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3145-3157. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sudakou A, Wojtkiewicz S, Lange F, Gerega A, Sawosz P, Tachtsidis I, Liebert A. Depth-resolved assessment of changes in concentration of chromophores using time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy: estimation of cytochrome-c-oxidase uncertainty by Monte Carlo simulations. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4621-4635. [PMID: 31565513 PMCID: PMC6757481 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TR-NIRS) measurements can be used to recover changes in concentrations of tissue constituents ( Δ C ) by applying the moments method and the Beer-Lambert law. In this work we carried out the error propagation analysis allowing to calculate the standard deviations of uncertainty in estimation of the Δ C . Here, we show the process of choosing wavelengths for the evaluation of hemodynamic (oxy-, deoxyhemoglobin) and metabolic (cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO)) responses within the brain tissue as measured with an in-house developed TR-NIRS multi-wavelength system, which measures at 16 consecutive wavelengths separated by 12.5 nm and placed between 650 and 950 nm. Data generated with Monte Carlo simulations on three-layered model (scalp, skull, brain) for wavelengths range from 650 to 950 nm were used to carry out the error propagation analysis for varying choices of wavelengths. For a detector with a spectrally uniform responsivity, the minimal standard deviation of the estimated changes in CCO within the brain layer, σ Δ C CCO brain = 0.40 µM, was observed for the 16 consecutive wavelengths from 725 to 912.5 nm. For realistic a detector model, i.e. the spectral responsivity characteristic is considered, the minimum, σ Δ C CCO brain = 0.47 µM, was observed at the 16 consecutive wavelengths from 688 to 875 nm. We introduce the method of applying the error propagation analysis to data as measured with spectral TR-NIRS systems to calculate uncertainty of recovery of tissue constituents concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleh Sudakou
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Wojtkiewicz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Lange
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Gerega
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sawosz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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Downey D, Brigadoi S, Trevithick L, Elliott R, Elwell C, McAllister-Williams RH, Anderson IM. Frontal haemodynamic responses in depression and the effect of electroconvulsive therapy. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:1003-1014. [PMID: 31237182 PMCID: PMC6628632 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119858313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced frontal cortex metabolism and blood flow in depression may be associated with low mood and cognitive impairment. Further reduction has been reported during a course of electroconvulsive therapy but it is not known if this relates to mood and cognitive changes caused by electroconvulsive therapy. AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate frontal function while undertaking cognitive tasks in depressed patients compared with healthy controls, and following electroconvulsive therapy in patients. METHODS We measured frontal haemodynamic responses to a category verbal fluency task and a working memory N-back task using portable functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) in 51 healthy controls and 18 severely depressed patients, 12 of whom were retested after the fourth treatment of a course of electroconvulsive therapy. Mood was assessed using the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and cognitive function using category Verbal Fluency from the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Digit Span backwards. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, depressed patients had bilaterally lower frontal oxyhaemoglobin responses to the cognitive tasks, although this was only significant for the N-Back task where performance correlated inversely with depression severity in patients. After four electroconvulsive therapy treatments oxyhaemoglobin responses were further reduced during the Verbal Fluency task but the changes did not correlate with mood or cognitive changes. DISCUSSION Our results confirmed a now extensive literature showing impaired frontal fNIRS oxyhaemoglobin responses to cognitive tasks in depression, and showed for the first time that these are further reduced during a course of electroconvulsive therapy. Further research is needed to investigate the biology and clinical utility of frontal fNIRS in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh Downey
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,
The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory,
University College London, London, UK,Department of Developmental and Social
Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Liam Trevithick
- School of Psychology, Newcastle
University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS
Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, The
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Clare Elwell
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory,
University College London, London, UK
| | - R Hamish McAllister-Williams
- School of Psychology, Newcastle
University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, The
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian M Anderson
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle
University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Ian M Anderson, Neuroscience and Psychiatry
Unit, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science
Centre, Room G809, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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70
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Zhang F, Cheong D, Chen Y, Khan A, Ding L, Yuan H. Superficial Fluctuations in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2019:4779-4782. [PMID: 31946930 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive optical functional neuroimaging that has seen rapid development and increasing use in studying human brain under normal and diseased conditions. Compared with blood-oxygenation-level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI), fNIRS offers advantages including its low cost, portability and compatibility with implanted medical devices. Thus, fNIRS can be used to monitor brain activity particularly in infants, elders and patients who are unable to undergo routine fMRI scans. However, fNIRS suffers from its susceptibility to scalp and to systemic physiological noises. Fluctuations originated from heartbeat, respiration and low-frequency oscillations lead to contamination of cerebral activity. In order to tap the full potential of fNIRS, it is essential to eliminate these confounding noises from fNIRS measurements. Therefore, the present study aims to understand the underlying relationship between superficial signals and the compound signals respectively measured by short channels and long channels of fNIRS optodes in a whole head configuration. Our results reveal that: 1) 49.56% of total variances in long-channel data are contributed by a global component shared across all long channels; 2) this global component is significantly correlated with the superficial fluctuations extracted from short-channel data. Finally, our findings indicate that compound signals measured by long channels of fNIRS are contaminated by superficial fluctuations and that careful removal of these fluctuations from long-channel data is critical in obtaining accurate images of cerebral activity with fNIRS.
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Uratani M, Ota T, Iida J, Okazaki K, Yamamuro K, Nakanishi Y, Kishimoto N, Kishimoto T. Reduced prefrontal hemodynamic response in pediatric autism spectrum disorder measured with near-infrared spectroscopy. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:29. [PMID: 31297147 PMCID: PMC6599245 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neuroimaging studies suggest that prefrontal cortex dysfunction is present in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Near-infrared spectroscopy is a noninvasive optical tool for examining oxygenation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex by measuring changes in oxygenated hemoglobin. METHODS Twelve drug-naïve male participants, aged 7-15 years and diagnosed with ASD according to DSM-5 criteria, and 12 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched healthy control males participated in the present study after giving informed consent. Relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin were measured with frontal probes every 0.1 s during the Stroop color-word task, using 24-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Oxyhemoglobin changes during the Stroop color-word task in the ASD group were significantly smaller than those in the control group at channels 12 and 13, located over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (FDR-corrected P: 0.0021-0.0063). CONCLUSION The results suggest that male children with ASD have reduced prefrontal hemodynamic responses, measured with near-infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toyosaku Ota
- 0000 0004 0372 782Xgrid.410814.8Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijyo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Japan
| | - Junzo Iida
- 0000 0004 0372 782Xgrid.410814.8Faculty of Nursing, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okazaki
- 0000 0004 0372 782Xgrid.410814.8Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijyo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- 0000 0004 0372 782Xgrid.410814.8Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijyo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Japan
| | - Yoko Nakanishi
- 0000 0004 0372 782Xgrid.410814.8Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijyo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Japan
| | - Naoko Kishimoto
- 0000 0004 0372 782Xgrid.410814.8Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijyo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- 0000 0004 0372 782Xgrid.410814.8Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijyo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522 Japan
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Bandeira JS, Antunes LDC, Soldatelli MD, Sato JR, Fregni F, Caumo W. Functional Spectroscopy Mapping of Pain Processing Cortical Areas During Non-painful Peripheral Electrical Stimulation of the Accessory Spinal Nerve. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:200. [PMID: 31263406 PMCID: PMC6585570 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES), which encompasses several techniques with heterogeneous physiological responses, has shown in some cases remarkable outcomes for pain treatment and clinical rehabilitation. However, results are still mixed, mainly because there is a lack of understanding regarding its neural mechanisms of action. In this study, we aimed to assess its effects by measuring cortical activation as indexed by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). fNIRS is a functional optical imaging method to evaluate hemodynamic changes in oxygenated (HbO) and de-oxygenated (HbR) blood hemoglobin concentrations in cortical capillary networks that can be related to cortical activity. We hypothesized that non-painful PES of accessory spinal nerve (ASN) can promote cortical activation of sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) pain processing cortical areas. Fifteen healthy volunteers received both active and sham ASN electrical stimulation in a crossover study. The hemodynamic cortical response to unilateral right ASN burst electrical stimulation with 10 Hz was measured by a 40-channel fNIRS system. The effect of ASN electrical stimulation over HbO concentration in cortical areas of interest (CAI) was observed through the activation of right-DLPFC (p = 0.025) and left-SMC (p = 0.042) in the active group but not in sham group. Regarding left-DLPFC (p = 0.610) and right-SMC (p = 0.174) there was no statistical difference between groups. As in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) top-down modulation, bottom-up electrical stimulation to the ASN seems to activate the same critical cortical areas on pain pathways related to sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational pain dimensions. These results provide additional mechanistic evidence to develop and optimize the use of peripheral nerve electrical stimulation as a neuromodulatory tool (NCT 03295370— www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janete Shatkoski Bandeira
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana da Conceição Antunes
- Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - João Ricardo Sato
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Department of Pain and Anesthesia in Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Möller S, Rusaw D, Hagberg K, Ramstrand N. Reduced cortical brain activity with the use of microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees during walking. Prosthet Orthot Int 2019; 43:257-265. [PMID: 30375285 DOI: 10.1177/0309364618805260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals using a lower-limb prosthesis indicate that they need to concentrate on every step they take. Despite self-reports of increased cognitive demand, there is limited understanding of the link between cognitive processes and walking when using a lower-limb prosthesis. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess cortical brain activity during level walking in individuals using different prosthetic knee components and compare them to healthy controls. It was hypothesized that the least activity would be observed in the healthy control group, followed by individuals using a microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee and finally individuals using a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS An optical brain imaging system was used to measure relative changes in concentration of oxygenated and de-oxygenated haemoglobin in the frontal and motor cortices during level walking. The number of steps and time to walk 10 m was also recorded. The 6-min walk test was assessed as a measure of functional capacity. RESULTS Individuals with a transfemoral or knee-disarticulation amputation, using non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee ( n = 14) or microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee ( n = 15) joints and healthy controls ( n = 16) participated in the study. A significant increase was observed in cortical brain activity of individuals walking with a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee when compared to healthy controls ( p < 0.05) and individuals walking with an microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee joint ( p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Individuals walking with a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee demonstrated an increase in cortical brain activity compared to healthy individuals. Use of a microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee was associated with less cortical brain activity than use of a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Increased understanding of cognitive processes underlying walking when using different types of prosthetic knees can help to optimize selection of prosthetic components and provide an opportunity to enhance functioning with a prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffran Möller
- 1 School of Health and Welfare, Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden
| | - David Rusaw
- 1 School of Health and Welfare, Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Hagberg
- 2 Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden and Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ozawa S, Kanayama N, Hiraki K. Emotion-related cerebral blood flow changes in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex: An NIRS study. Brain Cogn 2019; 134:21-28. [PMID: 31102883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in the anterior ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) represent responses to emotional stimuli instead of cognitive control of emotion during distraction tasks, as suggested by our previous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study. The functional distinction of MPFC regions is occasionally difficult due to their multiple functions. Here, we addressed some remaining concerns from our previous distraction studies, and employed the distraction paradigm, in which negative or neutral images are presented as emotional stimuli; a rest period is included in one condition and working memory (distraction) tasks in the other. To extract the components of CBF changes associated with responses to negative emotional stimuli (defined as emotion-related CBF changes), we subtracted the CBF changes obtained in the neutral condition from those in the negative condition. We found that emotion-related CBF changes in the anterior left VMPFC were significantly greater in the rest condition than in the distraction task condition. These findings imply that the distraction task decreased unnecessary brain activities, resulting in decrease in the emotion-related CBF changes. They support our previous findings, indicating that CBF changes in anterior VMPFC regions, measured using NIRS, are specifically associated with responses to emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiyo Ozawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Kanayama
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hiraki
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Multiscale Entropy Quantifies the Differential Effect of the Medium Embodiment on Older Adults Prefrontal Cortex during the Story Comprehension: A Comparative Analysis. ENTROPY 2019; 21:e21020199. [PMID: 33266914 PMCID: PMC7514681 DOI: 10.3390/e21020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Todays’ communication media virtually impact and transform every aspect of our daily communication and yet the extent of their embodiment on our brain is unexplored. The study of this topic becomes more crucial, considering the rapid advances in such fields as socially assistive robotics that envision the use of intelligent and interactive media for providing assistance through social means. In this article, we utilize the multiscale entropy (MSE) to investigate the effect of the physical embodiment on the older people’s prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity while listening to stories. We provide evidence that physical embodiment induces a significant increase in MSE of the older people’s PFC activity and that such a shift in the dynamics of their PFC activation significantly reflects their perceived feeling of fatigue. Our results benefit researchers in age-related cognitive function and rehabilitation who seek for the adaptation of these media in robot-assistive cognitive training of the older people. In addition, they offer a complementary information to the field of human-robot interaction via providing evidence that the use of MSE can enable the interactive learning algorithms to utilize the brain’s activation patterns as feedbacks for improving their level of interactivity, thereby forming a stepping stone for rich and usable human mental model.
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76
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Keshmiri S, Sumioka H, Okubo M, Ishiguro H. An Information-Theoretic Approach to Quantitative Analysis of the Correspondence Between Skin Blood Flow and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measurement in Prefrontal Cortex Activity. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:79. [PMID: 30828287 PMCID: PMC6384277 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of Skin blood flow (SBF) on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurement of cortical activity proves to be an illusive subject matter with divided stances in the neuroscientific literature on its extent. Whereas, some reports on its non-significant influence on fNIRS time series of cortical activity, others consider its impact misleading, even detrimental, in analysis of the brain activity as measured by fNIRS. This situation is further escalated by the fact that almost all analytical studies are based on comparison with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). In this article, we pinpoint the lack of perspective in previous studies on preservation of information content of resulting fNIRS time series once the SBF is attenuated. In doing so, we propose information-theoretic criteria to quantify the necessary and sufficient conditions for SBF attenuation such that the information content of frontal brain activity in resulting fNIRS times series is preserved. We verify these criteria through evaluation of their utility in comparative analysis of principal component (PCA) and independent component (ICA) SBF attenuation algorithms. Our contributions are 2-fold. First, we show that mere reduction of SBF influence on fNIRS time series of frontal activity is insufficient to warrant preservation of cortical activity information. Second, we empirically justify a higher fidelity of PCA-based algorithm in preservation of the fontal activity's information content in comparison with ICA-based approach. Our results suggest that combination of the first two principal components of PCA-based algorithm results in most efficient SBF attenuation while preserving maximum frontal activity's information. These results contribute to the field by presenting a systematic approach to quantification of the SBF as an interfering process during fNIRS measurement, thereby drawing an informed conclusion on this debate. Furthermore, they provide evidence for a reliable choice among existing SBF attenuation algorithms and their inconclusive number of components, thereby ensuring minimum loss of cortical information during SBF attenuation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Sumioka
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Okubo
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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77
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Sakurada T, Hirai M, Watanabe E. Individual optimal attentional strategy during implicit motor learning boosts frontoparietal neural processing efficiency: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01183. [PMID: 30520270 PMCID: PMC6346671 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimal focus of attention is a crucial factor for improving motor learning. Most previous studies have shown that directing attention to movement outcome (external focus; EF) is more effective than directing attention to body movement itself (internal focus; IF). However, our recent studies demonstrated that the optimal attentional strategy in healthy and clinical populations varies depending on individual motor imagery ability. To explore the neurological basis underlying individual optimal attentional strategy during motor learning tasks, in the present study, we measured frontoparietal activities using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS Twenty-eight participants performed a visuomotor learning task requiring circular tracking. During the task, the participants were required to direct their attention internally or externally. The individual optimal attentional strategy was determined by comparing the after-effect sizes between the IF and EF conditions. RESULTS Fifteen participants showed larger after-effects under the EF condition (External-dominant), whereas the others showed larger after-effects under the IF condition (Internal-dominant). Based on the differences in neural activities between Internal- and External-dominant groups, we identified the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 46) and right somatosensory association cortex (Brodmann area 7) as the neural bases associated with individual optimal attentional strategy during motor learning. Furthermore, we observed a significant negative correlation, that is, lower activity in these areas was associated with a larger after-effect size under the optimal attentional strategy. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that more efficient neural processing in the frontoparietal area under the individual optimal attentional strategy can accelerate motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakurada
- Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirai
- Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Eiju Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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78
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Sutoko S, Chan YL, Obata A, Sato H, Maki A, Numata T, Funane T, Atsumori H, Kiguchi M, Tang TB, Li Y, Frederick BD, Tong Y. Denoising of neuronal signal from mixed systemic low-frequency oscillation using peripheral measurement as noise regressor in near-infrared imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:015001. [PMID: 30662924 PMCID: PMC6326259 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive functional imaging technique measuring hemodynamic changes including oxygenated ( O 2 Hb ) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin. Low frequency (LF; 0.01 to 0.15 Hz) band is commonly analyzed in fNIRS to represent neuronal activation. However, systemic physiological artifacts (i.e., nonneuronal) likely occur also in overlapping frequency bands. We measured peripheral photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal concurrently with fNIRS (at prefrontal region) to extract the low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) as systemic noise regressors. We investigated three main points in this study: (1) the relationship between prefrontal fNIRS and peripheral PPG signals; (2) the denoising potential using these peripheral LFOs, and (3) the innovative ways to avoid the false-positive result in fNIRS studies. We employed spatial working memory (WM) and control tasks (e.g., resting state) to illustrate these points. Our results showed: (1) correlation between signals from prefrontal fNIRS and peripheral PPG is region-dependent. The high correlation with peripheral ear signal (i.e., O 2 Hb ) occurred mainly in frontopolar regions in both spatial WM and control tasks. This may indicate the finding of task-dependent effect even in peripheral signals. We also found that the PPG recording at the ear has a high correlation with prefrontal fNIRS signal than the finger signals. (2) The systemic noise was reduced by 25% to 34% on average across regions, with a maximum of 39% to 58% in the highly correlated frontopolar region, by using these peripheral LFOs as noise regressors. (3) By performing the control tasks, we confirmed that the statistically significant activation was observed in the spatial WM task, not in the controls. This suggested that systemic (and any other) noises unlikely violated the major statistical inference. (4) Lastly, by denoising using the task-related signals, the significant activation of region-of-interest was still observed suggesting the manifest task-evoked response in the spatial WM task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sutoko
- Hitachi, Ltd., Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
- Address all correspondence to Stephanie Sutoko, E-mail:
| | - Yee Ling Chan
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh Perak, Malaysia
| | - Akiko Obata
- Hitachi, Ltd., Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Hitachi, Ltd., Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maki
- Hitachi, Ltd., Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Numata
- Hitachi, Ltd., Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Funane
- Hitachi, Ltd., Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Atsumori
- Hitachi, Ltd., Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Kiguchi
- Hitachi, Ltd., Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tong Boon Tang
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yingwei Li
- McLean Hospital, Brain Imaging Center, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States
- Yanshan University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Blaise deB Frederick
- McLean Hospital, Brain Imaging Center, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Hitachi, Ltd., Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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79
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Nishizawa Y, Kanazawa T, Kawabata Y, Matsubara T, Maruyama S, Kawano M, Kinoshita S, Koh J, Matsuo K, Yoneda H. fNIRS Assessment during an Emotional Stroop Task among Patients with Depression: Replication and Extension. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:80-86. [PMID: 30696239 PMCID: PMC6354038 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.11.12.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulated evidence collected via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been reported with regard to mental disorders. A previous finding revealed that emotional words evoke left frontal cortex activity in patients with depression. The primary aim of the current study was to replicate this finding using an independent dataset and evaluate the brain region associated with the severity of depression using an emotional Stroop task. METHODS Oxygenized and deoxygenized hemoglobin recording in the brain by fNIRS on 14 MDD patients and 20 normal controls. RESULTS Hyperactivated oxygenized hemoglobin was observed in the left frontal cortex on exposure to unfavorable stimuli, but no significant difference was found among patients with depression compared with healthy controls on exposure to favorable stimuli. This result is consistent with previous findings. Moreover, an evoked wave associated with the left upper frontal cortex on favorable stimuli was inversely correlated with the severity of depression. CONCLUSION Our current work using fNIRS provides a potential clue regarding the location of depression symptom severity in the left upper frontal cortex. Future studies should verify our findings and expand them into a precise etiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsufumi Kanazawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yasuo Kawabata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsubara
- Health Administration Center, Yamaguchi University Organization for University Education, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Kawano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Koh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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80
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Herold F, Wiegel P, Scholkmann F, Müller NG. Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise⁻Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E466. [PMID: 30469482 PMCID: PMC6306799 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain is optimally supplied with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting that cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics can be modified with physical activity. To better understand the relationship between cerebral oxygenation/hemodynamics, physical activity, and cognition, the application of state-of-the art neuroimaging tools is essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is such a neuroimaging tool especially suitable to investigate the effects of physical activity/exercises on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics due to its capability to quantify changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) non-invasively in the human brain. However, currently there is no clear standardized procedure regarding the application, data processing, and data analysis of fNIRS, and there is a large heterogeneity regarding how fNIRS is applied in the field of exercise⁻cognition science. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current methodological knowledge about fNIRS application in studies measuring the cortical hemodynamic responses during cognitive testing (i) prior and after different physical activities interventions, and (ii) in cross-sectional studies accounting for the physical fitness level of their participants. Based on the review of the methodology of 35 as relevant considered publications, we outline recommendations for future fNIRS studies in the field of exercise⁻cognition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wiegel
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79117, Germany.
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Zürich 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39118, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
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81
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Khaksari K, Blaney G, Sassaroli A, Krishnamurthy N, Pham T, Fantini S. Depth dependence of coherent hemodynamics in the human head. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 30444084 PMCID: PMC6318717 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.12.121615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study of coherent hemodynamic oscillations measured on the human forehead at multiple source-detector distances (1 to 4 cm). The physiological source of the coherent hemodynamics is arterial blood pressure oscillations at a frequency of 0.1 Hz, induced by cyclic inflation (to a pressure of 200 mmHg) and deflation of two thigh cuffs wrapped around the subject's thighs. To interpret our results, we use a recently developed hemodynamic model and a phasor representation of the oscillations of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin concentrations in the tissue (phasors O, D, and T, respectively). The increase in the phase angle between D and O at larger source-detector separations is assigned to greater flow versus volume contributions and to a stronger blood flow autoregulation in deeper tissue (brain cortex) with respect to superficial tissue (scalp and skull). The relatively constant phase lag of T versus arterial blood pressure oscillations at all source-detector distances was assigned to competing effects from stronger autoregulation and smaller arterial-to-venous contributions in deeper tissue with respect to superficial tissue. We demonstrate the application of a hemodynamic model to interpret coherent hemodynamics measured with NIRS and to assess the different nature of shallow (extracerebral) versus deep (cerebral) tissue hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Khaksari
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Giles Blaney
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nishanth Krishnamurthy
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thao Pham
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sergio Fantini
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
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82
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Fantini S, Frederick B, Sassaroli A. Perspective: Prospects of non-invasive sensing of the human brain with diffuse optical imaging. APL PHOTONICS 2018; 3:110901. [PMID: 31187064 PMCID: PMC6559748 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the initial demonstration of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for noninvasive measurements of brain perfusion and metabolism in the 1970s, and its application to functional brain studies (fNIRS) in the 1990s, the field of noninvasive optical studies of the brain has been continuously growing. Technological developments, data analysis advances, and novel areas of application keep advancing the field. In this article, we provide a view of the state of the field of cerebral NIRS, starting with a brief historical introduction and a description of the information content of the NIRS signal. We argue that NIRS and fNIRS studies should always report data of both oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in brain tissue, as they complement each other to provide more complete functional and physiological information, and may help identify different types of confounds. One significant challenge is the assessment of absolute tissue properties, be them optical or physiological, so that relative measurements account for the vast majority of NIRS and fNIRS applications. However, even relative measurements of hemodynamics or metabolic changes face the major problem of a potential contamination from extracerebral tissue layers. Accounting for extracerebral contributions to fNIRS signals is one of the most critical barriers in the field. We present some of the approaches that were proposed to tackle this challenge in the study of cerebral hemodynamics and functional connectivity. Finally, we critically compare fNIRS and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) by relating their measurements in terms of signal and noise, and by commenting on their complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fantini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Blaise Frederick
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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83
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Ono M, Takano Y, Haida M. Objective Ocular Discomfort: Noninvasive Evaluation by Functional Near-Infrared Ray Spectroscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:4683-4690. [PMID: 30267090 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients express their discomfort by subjective complaints, which may not clearly express the extent of their discomfort. This study noninvasively and objectively quantified ocular discomfort, a form of feeling, from the prefrontal cortex by functional near-infrared ray spectroscopy topography. Methods This case-controlled study enrolled six dry eye patients (male:female, 1:1; 51.8 ± 15.9 years) with ocular discomfort and six normal controls (male:female, 1:1; 48.8 ± 15.2 years). Ocular discomfort was created by Schirmer 1 test in normal controls. The extent of prefrontal cortex activity was evaluated as the number of signal-positive channels using the system by using an eye-opening task with spontaneous blinking in the dark. Changes in the signal-positive channels count by lubricant or anesthetics instillation were analyzed. Results Low prefrontal cortex activation was detected in normal controls without ocular discomfort, and high activation was detected in both normal controls and dry eye with ocular discomfort. Prefrontal cortex activity was confirmed with ocular discomfort when the eyes were open, decreased with lubricant, and almost disappeared with anesthetic for all participants. Conclusions These changes in the prefrontal cortex activity exhibited a significant correlation to subjective complaint scores, suggesting that such discomfort may be objectively quantifiable, independent of subjective expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Ono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Munetaka Haida
- Tokai University Junior College of Nursing and Medical Technologies, Hiratsuka, Japan
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84
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Resting-state functional connectivity in prefrontal cortex investigated by functional near-infrared spectroscopy: A longitudinal and cross-sectional study. Neurosci Lett 2018; 683:94-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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85
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Ehlis AC, Barth B, Hudak J, Storchak H, Weber L, Kimmig ACS, Kreifelts B, Dresler T, Fallgatter AJ. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a New Tool for Neurofeedback Training: Applications in Psychiatry and Methodological Considerations. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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86
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Perrey S, Besson P. Studying brain activity in sports performance: Contributions and issues. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 240:247-267. [PMID: 30390834 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between brain activity and behavior comprehensively in achieving optimal exercise performance in sports is still lacking. The existent research in this area has been limited by the constraints of sports environments and the robustness of the most suitable non-invasive functional neuroimaging methods (electroencephalography, EEG and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS) to motion artifacts and noise. However, recent advances in brain mapping technology should improve the capabilities of the future brain imaging devices to assess and monitor the level of adaptive cognitive-motor performance during exercise in sports environments. The purpose of this position manuscript is to discuss the contributions and issues in behavioral neuroscience related to brain activity measured during exercise and in various sports. A first part aims to give an overview of EEG and fNIRS neuroimaging methods assessing electrophysiological activity and hemodynamic responses of the acute and chronic relation of physical exercise on the human brain. Then, methodological issues, such as the reliability of brain data during physical exertion, key limitations and possible prospects of fNIRS and EEG methods are provided. While the use of such methods in sports environments remains scarce and limited to controlled cycling task, new generation of wearable, whole-scalp EEG and fNIRS technologies could open up a range of new applications in sports sciences for providing neuroimaging-based biomarkers (hemodynamic and/or neural electrical signals) to various types of exercise and innovative training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Besson
- Euromov-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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87
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Yamada T, Kawaguchi H, Kato J, Matsuda K, Higo N. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring macaque cerebral motor activity during voluntary movements without head fixation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11941. [PMID: 30093721 PMCID: PMC6085340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed an fNIRS system for monitoring macaque cerebral motor activity during voluntary movements without head fixation. fNIRS data at 27 channels in 7.5 mm spatial interval were calibrated by simulating light propagation through the macaque cranial tissues. The subject was instructed to repeatedly (75 times) retrieve a food pellet with alternating left or right hands from a food well for each session. We detected significant increases in oxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) and decrease in deoxygenated Hb in the primary motor area (M1) contralateral to the hand used. In more rostral and ventral regions in both hemispheres, the hemodynamic similarly changed regardless of used hand. Direct feeding to the mouth eliminated activity in the hand M1 whereas that at bilateral ventral regions (mouth M1 area) remained. Statistical analyses for the hemodynamics between left/right-hand use revealed the location of each hand M1 in either hemisphere. In these regions, the maximum amplitude and time of the maximum amplitude in the hemodynamic response evoked by food retrieval were highly correlated with the time associated with food retrieval. We could assign each channel to an appropriate functional motor area, providing proof of principle for future studies involving brain damage models in freely moving macaque monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yamada
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Junpei Kato
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsuda
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Higo
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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88
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Duan L, Zhao Z, Lin Y, Wu X, Luo Y, Xu P. Wavelet-based method for removing global physiological noise in functional near-infrared spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3805-3820. [PMID: 30338157 PMCID: PMC6191612 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a fast-developing non-invasive functional brain imaging technology widely used in cognitive neuroscience, clinical research and neural engineering. However, it is a challenge to effectively remove the global physiological noise in the fNIRS signal. The global physiological noise in fNIRS arises from multiple physiological origins in both superficial tissues and the brain. It has complex temporal, spatial and frequency characteristics, casting significant influence on the results. In the present study, we developed a novel wavelet-based method for fNIRS global physiological noise removal. The method is data-driven and does not rely on any additional hardware or subjective noise component selection procedure. It consists of two steps. Firstly, we use wavelet transform coherence to automatically detect the time-frequency points contaminated by the global physiological noise. Secondly, we decompose the fNIRS signal by using the wavelet transform, and then suppress the wavelet energy of the contaminated time-frequency points. Finally, we transform the signal back to a time series. We validated the method by using simulation and real data at both task- and resting-state. The results showed that our method can effectively remove the global physiological noise from the fNIRS signal and improve the spatial specificity of the task activation and the resting-state functional connectivity pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
- These authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Ziping Zhao
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- These authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Yongling Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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89
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Lange F, Peyrin F, Montcel B. Broadband time-resolved multi-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy system to monitor in vivo physiological changes of human brain activity. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:6417-6429. [PMID: 30117872 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a broadband time-resolved multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy system that can monitor the physiological responses of the adult human brain. This system is composed of a supercontinuum laser for the source part and of an intensified charge-coupled device camera coupled with an imaging spectrometer for the detection part. It allows the detection of the spectral, from 600 to 900 nm, and spatial dimensions as well as the arrival time of photon information simultaneously. We describe the setup and its characterization in terms of temporal instrument response function, wavelength sensitivity, and stability. The ability of the system to detect the hemodynamic response is then demonstrated. First, an in vivo experiment on an adult volunteer was performed to monitor the response in the arm during a cuff occlusion. Second, the response in the brain during a cognitive task was monitored on a group of five healthy volunteers. Moreover, looking at the response at different time windows, we could monitor the hemodynamic response in depth, enhancing the detection of the cortical activation. Those first results demonstrate the ability of our system to discriminate between the responses of superficial and deep tissues, addressing an important issue in functional near-infrared spectroscopy.
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90
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Omurtag A, Aghajani H, Keles HO. Decoding human mental states by whole-head EEG+fNIRS during category fluency task performance. J Neural Eng 2018; 14:066003. [PMID: 28730995 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa814b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concurrent scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which we refer to as EEG+fNIRS, promises greater accuracy than the individual modalities while remaining nearly as convenient as EEG. We sought to quantify the hybrid system's ability to decode mental states and compare it with its unimodal components. APPROACH We recorded from healthy volunteers taking the category fluency test and applied machine learning techniques to the data. MAIN RESULTS EEG+fNIRS's decoding accuracy was greater than that of its subsystems, partly due to the new type of neurovascular features made available by hybrid data. SIGNIFICANCE Availability of an accurate and practical decoding method has potential implications for medical diagnosis, brain-computer interface design, and neuroergonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Omurtag
- Engineering Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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91
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Koide T, Shimada S. Cheering Enhances Inter-Brain Synchronization Between Sensorimotor Areas of Player and Observer. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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92
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Sato M, Shoji Y, Morita K, Kato Y, Ishii Y, Nakano S, Uchimura N. Comparison of changes in the oxygenated hemoglobin level during a 'modified rock-paper-scissors task' between healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:490-501. [PMID: 29582515 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study, using single-event-related near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), was to examine the psychophysiological and social function assessment of 30 schizophrenic patients during a modified rock-paper-scissors task. METHODS We set up a screen in front of the subjects, on which pictures of hand-gestures for rock, paper, and scissors were randomly presented. Subjects were asked to give verbal answers under the conditions of win, lose, and draw, respectively. Using the 44-channel NIRS system, we evaluated the maximum amplitude of oxygenated hemoglobin, latency, and the area based on the arithmetic mean of resulting values after the task between 30 outpatients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy subjects, and analyzed the frontal pole area, dorsolateral prefrontal region, and parietal association area as regions of interest (ROI). RESULTS In schizophrenic patients, oxygenated hemoglobin changes (Δoxy-Hb) when losing the task showed a significantly lower level of Δoxy-Hb in ROI than controls. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and Δoxy-Hb in ROI, and a significant negative correlation was observed between the Negative Syndrome scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Δoxy-Hb in ROI. CONCLUSION From these results, we conclude that Δoxy-Hb levels when performing the modified rock-paper-scissors task assessed using NIRS may be a useful psychophysiological marker to evaluate the cognitive and social functions of schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Sato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Shoji
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Youhei Ishii
- Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakano
- Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Naohisa Uchimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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93
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Ueda S, Ota T, Iida J, Yamamuro K, Yoshino H, Kishimoto N, Kishimoto T. Reduced prefrontal hemodynamic response in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:380-390. [PMID: 29405508 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled non-invasive clarification of brain functions in psychiatric disorders. In pediatric attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), reduced prefrontal hemodynamic responses have been observed with NIRS repeatedly. However, there are few studies of adult ADHD by multi-channel NIRS. Therefore, in this study, we used multi-channel NIRS to examine the characteristics of prefrontal hemodynamic responses during the Stroop Color-Word Task (SCWT) in adult ADHD patients and in age- and sex-matched control subjects. METHODS Twelve treatment-naïve adults with ADHD and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects participated in the present study after giving consent. We used 24-channel NIRS to measure the oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) changes at the frontal lobes of participants during the SCWT. We compared the oxy-Hb changes between adults with ADHD and control subjects by t-tests with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS During the SCWT, the oxy-Hb changes observed in the ADHD group were significantly smaller than those in the control group in channels 11, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, and 24, corresponding to the prefrontal cortex. At channels 16, 21, 23, and 24 of the ADHD group, there were negative correlations between the symptomatic severity and the oxy-Hb changes. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that adults with ADHD have reduced prefrontal hemodynamic response as measured by NIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Ueda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Toyosaku Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Junzo Iida
- Faculty of Nursing, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Naoko Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Arimitsu T, Minagawa Y, Yagihashi T, O Uchida M, Matsuzaki A, Ikeda K, Takahashi T. The cerebral hemodynamic response to phonetic changes of speech in preterm and term infants: The impact of postmenstrual age. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:599-606. [PMID: 29984167 PMCID: PMC6029566 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Higher brain dysfunction, such as language delay, is a major concern among preterm infants. Cerebral substrates of cognitive development in preterm infants remain elusive, partly because of limited methods. The present study focuses on hemodynamic response patterns for brain function by using near-infrared spectroscopy. Specifically, the study investigates gestational differences in the hemodynamic response pattern evoked in response to phonetic changes of speech and cerebral hemispheric specialization of the auditory area in preterm infants (n = 60) and term infants (n = 20). Eighty neonates born between 26 and 41 weeks of gestational age (GA) were tested from 33 to 41 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA). We analyzed the hemodynamic response pattern to phonemic and prosodic contrasts for multiple channels on temporal regions and the laterality index of the auditory area. Preterm infants younger than 39 weeks of PMA showed significantly atypical hemodynamic patterns, with an inverted response shape. Partial correlation analysis of the typicality score of hemodynamic response revealed a significant positive correlation with PMA. The laterality index of preterm infants from 39 weeks of PMA demonstrated a tendency rightward dominance for prosodic changes similar to term infants. We provide new evidence that alterations in hemodynamic regulation and the functional system for phonemic and prosodic processing in preterm infants catch up by their projected due dates. Hemodynamic responses to speech were examined in 80 preterm and term neonates. fNIRS measured hemispheric specialization to phonemic and prosodic contrasts. Some preterm infants showed atypical hemodynamics with an inverted response shape. Postmenstrual age was related to hemodynamic patterns and functional lateralization. Functional hemodynamic regulation of preterm infants caught up by the expected dates.
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Key Words
- BOLD, blood oxygenation level dependent
- BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Deoxy, deoxygenated
- GA, gestational age
- HRF, hemodynamic response function
- IQR, interquartile range
- Laterality
- MMN, mismatch negativity
- NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
- Near-infrared spectroscopy
- Oxy, oxygenated
- PMA, postmenstrual age
- PNA, postnatal age
- Preterm infants
- ROI, region of interest
- SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony
- Speech perception
- fNIRS, functional near-infrared spectroscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Arimitsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Minagawa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Yagihashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mariko O Uchida
- Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Atsuko Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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95
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Li Y, Zhang H, Yu M, Yu W, Frederick BD, Tong Y. Systemic low-frequency oscillations observed in the periphery of healthy human subjects. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-11. [PMID: 29729091 PMCID: PMC5935293 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.5.057001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships of systemic low-frequency oscillations (sLFOs) measured at different peripheral sites in resting state, during passive leg raising (PLR), and during a paced breathing (PB) test. Twenty-five healthy subjects (21 to 57 years old; males: 13 and females: 12) were recruited for these experiments. During the experiments, the fluctuations of oxyhemoglobin concentration were measured at six peripheral sites (left and right toes, fingertips, and earlobes) using a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy instrument developed by our group. We applied cross-correlation and frequency component analyses on the data. The results showed that the sLFO signals in the symmetric peripheral sites were highly correlated, with time delays close to zero, whereas the correlation coefficients decreased between the sLFO signals of asymmetric sites, with delays up to several seconds. Furthermore, in PLR/PB tests, we found that PB caused wider and more robust changes in hemoglobin concentrations at peripheral sites compared to PLR. Among six peripheral sites, earlobes were the most sensitive to these perturbations, followed by fingertips, and then toes. Lastly, we showed that the perturbation signals may have different coupling mechanisms than the sLFO signals. The study deepened our understanding of the sLFO signals and establishes baseline measures for developing perfusion biomarkers to assess peripheral vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Yanshan University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei, China
- McLean Hospital, Brain Imaging Center, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Haibing Zhang
- Yanshan University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Meiling Yu
- Yanshan University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Yanshan University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Blaise deB Frederick
- McLean Hospital, Brain Imaging Center, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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96
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Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that uses low-levels of light (650-900 nm) to measure changes in cerebral blood volume and oxygenation. Over the last several decades, this technique has been utilized in a growing number of functional and resting-state brain studies. The lower operation cost, portability, and versatility of this method make it an alternative to methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging for studies in pediatric and special populations and for studies without the confining limitations of a supine and motionless acquisition setup. However, the analysis of fNIRS data poses several challenges stemming from the unique physics of the technique, the unique statistical properties of data, and the growing diversity of non-traditional experimental designs being utilized in studies due to the flexibility of this technology. For these reasons, specific analysis methods for this technology must be developed. In this paper, we introduce the NIRS Brain AnalyzIR toolbox as an open-source Matlab-based analysis package for fNIRS data management, pre-processing, and first- and second-level (i.e., single subject and group-level) statistical analysis. Here, we describe the basic architectural format of this toolbox, which is based on the object-oriented programming paradigm. We also detail the algorithms for several of the major components of the toolbox including statistical analysis, probe registration, image reconstruction, and region-of-interest based statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Santosa
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2536, USA
| | - Xuetong Zhai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2536, USA
| | - Frank Fishburn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2536, USA
| | - Theodore Huppert
- Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Clinical Science Translational Institute, and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2536, USA
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97
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Alterations in the coupling functions between cerebral oxyhaemoglobin and arterial blood pressure signals in post-stroke subjects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195936. [PMID: 29668713 PMCID: PMC5905974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is the complex homeostatic regulatory relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). This study aimed to analyze the frequency-specific coupling function between cerebral oxyhemoglobin concentrations (delta [HbO2]) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) signals based on a model of coupled phase oscillators and dynamical Bayesian inference. Delta [HbO2] was measured by 24-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and arterial BP signals were obtained by simultaneous resting-state measurements in patients with stroke, that is, 9 with left hemiparesis (L–H group), 8 with right hemiparesis (R–H group), and 17 age-matched healthy individuals as control (healthy group). The coupling functions from MAP to delta [HbO2] oscillators were identified and analyzed in four frequency intervals (I, 0.6–2 Hz; II, 0.145–0.6 Hz; III, 0.052–0.145 Hz; and IV, 0.021–0.052 Hz). In L–H group, the CS from MAP to delta [HbO2] in interval III in channel 8 was significantly higher than that in healthy group (p = 0.003). Compared with the healthy controls, the coupling in MAP→delta [HbO2] showed higher amplitude in interval I and IV in patients with stroke. The increased CS and coupling amplitude may be an evidence of impairment in CA, thereby confirming the presence of impaired CA in patients with stroke. In interval III, the CS in L–H group from MAP to delta [HbO2] in channel 16 (p = 0.001) was significantly lower than that in healthy controls, which might indicate the compensatory mechanism in CA of the unaffected side in patients with stroke. No significant difference in region-wise CS between affected and unaffected sides was observed in stroke groups, indicating an evidence of globally impaired CA. These findings provide a method for the assessment of CA and will contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions in stroke patients.
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98
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Abstract
SummaryFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been used in healthcare and medical research for the past two decades. In particular, the use of fNIRS in academic and clinical psychiatry has increased rapidly owing to its advantages over other neuroimaging modalities. fNIRS is a tool that can potentially supplement clinical interviews and mental state examinations to establish a psychiatric diagnosis and monitor treatment progress. This article provides a review of the theoretical background of fNIRS, key principles of its applications in psychiatry and its limitations, and shares a vision of its future applicability in psychiatric research and clinical practice.Learning Objectives• Understand the theoretical background, mechanism of action and clinical applications of fNIRS and compare it to other neuroimaging modalities• Understand the use of fNIRS in academic and clinical psychiatry through current research findings• Be able to evaluate the future potential of fNIRS and formulate new ideas for using fNIRS in academic and clinical psychiatry
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99
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Kono S, Miura I, Oshima S, Hikita M, Wada A, Suzuki R, Niwa SI, Yabe H. Frontal activity measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in patients taking different atypical antipsychotic drugs: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 273:42-45. [PMID: 29329742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using near-infrared spectroscopy, we examined changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) in the frontal lobe during a verbal fluency task in 20 patients with schizophrenia (10 patients each receiving olanzapine [OLZ] and risperidone [RIS]) and 10 healthy controls. We found that [oxy-Hb] levels in the prefrontal region were higher in the patients receiving OLZ than in those receiving RIS. These results suggest that antipsychotic drugs have different effects on cerebral hemodynamic patterns, which may reflect frontal lobe function. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to verify our preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Kono
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Jusendo Shonan Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Itaru Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sachie Oshima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hikita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Asaka Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Niwa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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100
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Prefrontal hemodynamic after-effects caused by rebreathing may predict affective states - A multimodal functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:461-472. [PMID: 26935552 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain activity has been shown to be influenced by respiratory behavior. Here, we evaluated whether respiration-induced hypo- or hypercapnia may support differentiation between physiological versus pathological respiratory behavior. In particular, we investigated whether systemic physiological measures could predict the brain's time-frequency hemodynamics after three respiratory challenges (i.e., breath-holding, rebreathing, and hyperventilation) compared to resting-state. Prefrontal hemodynamics were assessed in healthy subjects (N = 27) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Systemic physiological measures were assessed in form of heart rate, partial end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiration rate, and saturation of peripheral oxygen. Time-frequency dynamics were quantified using the wavelet transform coherence (i.e., defined here as cortical-systemic coherence). We found that the three respiratory challenges modulated cortical-systemic coherence differently: (1) After rebreathing, cortical-systemic coherence could be predicted from the amplitude of the heart rate (strong negative correlation). (2) After breath-holding, the same observation was made (moderate negative correlation). (3) After hyperventilation, no significant effect was observed. (4) These effects were found only in the frequency range of very low-frequency oscillations. The presented findings highlight a distinct role of rebreathing in predicting cortical-systemic coupling based on heart rate changes, which may represents a measure of affective states in the brain. The applied multimodal assessment of hemodynamic and systemic physiological measures during respiratory challenges may therefore have potential applications in the differentiation between physiological and pathological respiratory behavior.
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