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Kexel AK, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Baumgartner MR, Engeli EJE, Visentini M, Kirschbaum C, Seifritz E, Ditzen B, Soravia LM, Quednow BB. Cue-induced cocaine craving enhances psychosocial stress and vice versa in chronic cocaine users. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:443. [PMID: 36220809 PMCID: PMC9554190 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and craving, it has been found, contribute to the development and maintenance of and relapse in cocaine use disorder. Chronic cocaine users (CU), previous research has shown, display altered physiological responses to psychosocial stress and increased vegetative responding to substance-related cues. However, how psychosocial stress and cue-induced craving interact in relation to the CU's physiological responses remains largely unknown. We thus investigated the interaction between acute psychosocial stress and cocaine-cue-related reactivity in 47 CU and 38 controls. In a crossed and balanced design, the participants were randomly exposed to a video-based cocaine-cue paradigm and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or vice versa to investigate possible mutually augmenting effects of both stressors on physiological stress responses. Over the course of the experimental procedure, plasma cortisol, ACTH, noradrenaline, subjective stress, and craving were assessed repeatedly. To estimate the responses during the cocaine-cue paradigm and TSST, growth models and discontinuous growth models were used. Overall, though both groups did not differ in their endocrinological responses to the TSST, CU displayed lower ACTH levels at baseline. The TSST did not elevate craving in CU, but when the cocaine-cue video was shown first, CU displayed an enhanced cortisol response to the subsequent TSST. In CU, cocaine-cues robustly evoked craving but no physiological stress response, while cue-induced craving was intensified after the TSST. Taken together, though CU did not show an altered acute stress response during the TSST, stress and craving together seemed to have mutually augmenting effects on their stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Kexel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cognition in Context, Research Center for Psychological Science, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- Centre for Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Kurvenstrasse 17, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Etna J E Engeli
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Selnaustrasse 9, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Visentini
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Biopsychology, Technical University Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute for Medical Psychology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leila M Soravia
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000, Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Limoges A, Yarur HE, Tejeda HA. Dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor system regulation on amygdaloid circuitry: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:963691. [PMID: 36276608 PMCID: PMC9579273 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.963691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amygdaloid circuits are involved in a variety of emotional and motivation-related behaviors and are impacted by stress. The amygdala expresses several neuromodulatory systems, including opioid peptides and their receptors. The Dynorphin (Dyn)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system has been implicated in the processing of emotional and stress-related information and is expressed in brain areas involved in stress and motivation. Dysregulation of the Dyn/KOR system has also been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is limited information about the role of the Dyn/KOR system in regulating amygdala circuitry. Here, we review the literature on the (1) basic anatomy of the amygdala, (2) functional regulation of synaptic transmission by the Dyn/KOR system, (3) anatomical architecture and function of the Dyn/KOR system in the amygdala, (4) regulation of amygdala-dependent behaviors by the Dyn/KOR system, and (5) future directions for the field. Future work investigating how the Dyn/KOR system shapes a wide range of amygdala-related behaviors will be required to increase our understanding of underlying circuitry modulation by the Dyn/KOR system. We anticipate that continued focus on the amygdala Dyn/KOR system will also elucidate novel ways to target the Dyn/KOR system to treat neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Limoges
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, Bethesda, MD, United States
- NIH-Columbia University Individual Graduate Partnership Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hector E. Yarur
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hugo A. Tejeda
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Hugo A. Tejeda,
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Carpio MJ, Gao R, Wooner E, Cayton CA, Richard JM. Alcohol availability during withdrawal gates the impact of alcohol vapor exposure on responses to alcohol cues. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3103-3116. [PMID: 35881146 PMCID: PMC9526241 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor inhalation is a widely used model of alcohol dependence, but the impact of CIE on cue-elicited alcohol seeking is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Here, we assessed the effects of CIE on alcohol-seeking elicited by cues paired with alcohol before or after CIE vapor inhalation. METHODS In experiment 1, male and female Long-Evans rats were trained in a discriminative stimulus (DS) task, in which one auditory cue (the DS) predicts the availability of 15% ethanol and a control cue (the NS) predicts no ethanol. Rats then underwent CIE or served as controls. Subsets of each group received access to oral ethanol twice a week during acute withdrawal. After CIE, rats were presented with the DS and NS cues under extinction and retraining conditions to determine whether they would alter their responses to these cues. In experiment 2, rats underwent CIE prior to training in the DS task. RESULTS CIE enhanced behavioral responses to cues previously paired with alcohol, but only in rats that received access to alcohol during acute withdrawal. When CIE occurred before task training, male rats were slower to develop cue responses and less likely to enter the alcohol port, even though they had received alcohol during acute withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CIE vapor inhalation alone does not potentiate the motivational value of alcohol cues but that an increase in cue responses requires alcohol experience during acute withdrawal. Furthermore, under some conditions, CIE may disrupt responses to alcohol-paired cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Carpio
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
- Medical Discovery Team On Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Runbo Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
- Medical Discovery Team On Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Erica Wooner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
- Medical Discovery Team On Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Christelle A Cayton
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
- Medical Discovery Team On Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Jocelyn M Richard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA.
- Medical Discovery Team On Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA.
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Nutt DJ, Tyacke RJ, Spriggs M, Jacoby V, Borthwick AD, Belelli D. Functional Alternatives to Alcohol. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183761. [PMID: 36145137 PMCID: PMC9505959 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of alcohol is associated with well-known health harms and many governments worldwide are actively engaged in devising approaches to reduce them. To this end, a common proposed strategy aims at reducing alcohol consumption. This approach has led to the development of non-alcoholic drinks, which have been especially welcome by younger, wealthier, health-conscious consumers, who have been turning away from alcohol to look toward alternatives. However, a drawback of non-alcoholic drinks is that they do not facilitate social interaction in the way alcohol does, which is the main reason behind social drinking. Therefore, an alternative approach is to develop functional drinks that do not use alcohol yet mimic the positive, pro-social effects of alcohol without the associated harms. This article will discuss (1) current knowledge of how alcohol mediates its effects in the brain, both the desirable, e.g., antistress to facilitate social interactions, and the harmful ones, with a specific focus on the pivotal role played by the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system and (2) how this knowledge can be exploited to develop functional safe alternatives to alcohol using either molecules already existing in nature or synthetic ones. This discussion will be complemented by an analysis of the regulatory challenges associated with the novel endeavour of bringing safe, functional alternatives to alcohol from the bench to bars.
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Aldridge GM, Zarin TA, Brandner AJ, George O, Gilpin NW, Repunte-Canonigo V, Sanna PP, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF, Schmeichel BE. Effects of single and dual hypocretin-receptor blockade or knockdown of hypocretin projections to the central amygdala on alcohol drinking in dependent male rats. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 3:100028. [PMID: 35965958 PMCID: PMC9365098 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypocretin/Orexin (HCRT) is a neuropeptide that is associated with both stress and reward systems in humans and rodents. The different contributions of signaling at hypocretin-receptor 1 (HCRT-R1) and hypocretin-receptor 2 (HCRT-R2) to compulsive alcohol drinking are not yet fully understood. Thus, the current studies used pharmacological and viral-mediated targeting of HCRT to determine participation in compulsive alcohol drinking and measured HCRT-receptor mRNA expression in the extended amygdala of both alcohol-dependent and non-dependent male rats. Rats were made dependent through chronic intermittent exposure to alcohol vapor and were tested for the acute effect of HCRT-R1-selective (SB-408124; SB-R1), HCRT-R2-selective (NBI-80713; NB-R2), or dual HCRT-R1/2 (NBI-87571; NB-R1/2) antagonism on alcohol intake. NB-R2 and NB-R1/2 antagonists each dose-dependently decreased overall alcohol drinking in alcohol-dependent rats, whereas, SB-R1 decreased alcohol drinking in both alcohol-dependent and non-dependent rats at the highest dose (30 mg/kg). SB-R1, NB-R2, and NB-R1/2 treatment did not significantly affect water drinking in either alcohol-dependent or non-dependent rats. Additional PCR analyses revealed a significant decrease in Hcrtr1 mRNA expression within the central amygdala (CeA) of dependent rats under acute withdrawal conditions compared to nondependent rats. Lastly, a shRNA-encoding adeno-associated viral vector with retrograde function was used to knockdown HCRT in CeA-projecting neurons from the lateral hypothalamus (LH). LH-CeA HCRT knockdown significantly attenuated alcohol self-administration in alcohol-dependent rats. These observations suggest that HCRT signaling in the CeA is necessary for alcohol-seeking behavior during dependence. Together, these data highlight a role for both HCRT-R1 and -R2 in dependent alcohol-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M. Aldridge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Tyler A. Zarin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Adam J. Brandner
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Gilpin
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Vez Repunte-Canonigo
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Pietro P. Sanna
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - George F. Koob
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leandro F. Vendruscolo
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brooke E. Schmeichel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Examination of Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Food Addiction using Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC): Recent Findings and Directions for the Future. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC) is a transdiagnostic, circuits-based framework for studying addictive behaviors. We examined parallels in individual differences that might increase susceptibility to FA and other addictive disorders using the following units of analysis in AARDoC domains: craving, relative reinforcing value of food and attention bias in the incentive salience domain; decisional impulsivity (delay discounting) and inhibitory control (Go-No-Go, Conner’s Continuous Performance Test, and the flanker task) in the executive function domain; and emotion dysregulation and negative urgency in the negative emotionality domain.
Recent Findings
There are a number of parallels between FA and other addictions in the incentive salience and negative emotionality domains, but somewhat divergent findings in the executive function domain. Trauma appears to be an important environmental stressor in maintenance of FA.
Summary
AARDoC may be a useful organizing framework for studying addictions, including FA. Future studies should incorporate other units of analysis to better characterize FA.
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Katner SN, Sentir AM, Steagall KB, Ding ZM, Wetherill L, Hopf FW, Engleman EA. Modeling Aversion Resistant Alcohol Intake in Indiana Alcohol-Preferring (P) Rats. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081042. [PMID: 36009105 PMCID: PMC9406111 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the substantial social and medical burden of addiction, there is considerable interest in understanding risk factors that increase the development of addiction. A key feature of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is compulsive alcohol (EtOH) drinking, where EtOH drinking becomes “inflexible” after chronic intake, and animals, such as humans with AUD, continue drinking despite aversive consequences. Further, since there is a heritable component to AUD risk, some work has focused on genetically-selected, EtOH-preferring rodents, which could help uncover critical mechanisms driving pathological intake. In this regard, aversion-resistant drinking (ARD) takes >1 month to develop in outbred Wistar rats (and perhaps Sardinian-P EtOH-preferring rats). However, ARD has received limited study in Indiana P-rats, which were selected for high EtOH preference and exhibit factors that could parallel human AUD (including front-loading and impulsivity). Here, we show that P-rats rapidly developed compulsion-like responses for EtOH; 0.4 g/L quinine in EtOH significantly reduced female and male intake on the first day of exposure but had no effect after one week of EtOH drinking (15% EtOH, 24 h free-choice paradigm). Further, after 4−5 weeks of EtOH drinking, males but not females showed resistance to even higher quinine (0.5 g/L). Thus, P-rats rapidly developed ARD for EtOH, but only males developed even stronger ARD with further intake. Finally, rats strongly reduced intake of quinine-adulterated water after 1 or 5 weeks of EtOH drinking, suggesting no changes in basic quinine sensitivity. Thus, modeling ARD in P-rats may provide insight into mechanisms underlying genetic predispositions for compulsive drinking and lead to new treatments for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N. Katner
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alena M. Sentir
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kevin B. Steagall
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Zheng-Ming Ding
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 700 HMC Crescent Road, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Frederic W. Hopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eric A. Engleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence:
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Objective sleep outcomes in randomized-controlled trials in persons with substance use disorders: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 237:109509. [PMID: 35660222 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving sleep health is an important target for substance use disorder (SUD) research. However, there is little guidance for SUD researchers regarding the use of technologies to objectively assess sleep outcomes in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs). This systematic review aimed to describe the use of technologies to objectively measure sleep outcomes in RCTs conducted in persons with SUDs, in order to inform future sleep intervention studies in SUD populations. METHODS This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on May 7th, 2020 (CRD42020182004). RCTs were reviewed here if they were peer-reviewed manuscripts that included objective measures of sleep in RCTs that sought to improve sleep in persons with SUDs. RESULTS The initial search yielded 13,403 potential articles, with 27 meeting a priori criteria to be included in this review. The most common SUD was alcohol use disorder (59%). The most common technology used to assess sleep was polysomnography (41%), followed by actigraphy (37%), ambulatory polysomnography or components of polysomnography (e.g., electroencephalography; 19%), and at-home sleep apnea testing (7%). The most common sleep outcome reported was total sleep time (96%). CONCLUSIONS There are a range of options to assess objective sleep outcomes. Polysomnography or ambulatory devices that directly measure brain activity are critical to advance medications through the regulatory process for the indication of improving sleep duration, continuity, and/or sleep onset latency outcomes. Actigraphy is also useful in preliminary investigations and in detecting the relationship between diurnal and SUD-related behaviors.
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Goldfarb EV, Scheinost D, Fogelman N, Seo D, Sinha R. High-Risk Drinkers Engage Distinct Stress-Predictive Brain Networks. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:805-813. [PMID: 35272096 PMCID: PMC9378362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol intake is a major public health problem and can be triggered by stress. Heavy drinking in patients with alcohol use disorder also alters neural, physiological, and emotional stress responses. However, it is unclear whether adaptations in stress-predictive brain networks can be an early marker of risky drinking behavior. METHODS Risky social drinkers (regular bingers; n = 53) and light drinker control subjects (n = 51) aged 18 to 53 years completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based sustained stress protocol with repeated measures of subjective stress state, during which whole-brain functional connectivity was computed. This was followed by prospective daily ecological momentary assessment for 30 days. We used brain computational predictive modeling with cross-validation to identify unique brain connectivity predictors of stress in risky drinkers and determine the prospective utility of stress-brain networks for subsequent loss of control over drinking. RESULTS Risky drinkers had anatomically and functionally distinct stress-predictive brain networks (showing stronger predictions from visual and motor networks) compared with light drinkers (default mode and frontoparietal networks). Stress-predictive brain networks defined for risky drinkers selectively predicted future real-world stress levels for risky drinkers and successfully predicted prospective future real-world loss of control over drinking across all participants. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate adaptations in computationally derived stress-related brain circuitry among high-risk drinkers, suggesting potential targets for early preventive intervention and revealing the malleability of the neural processes that govern stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V. Goldfarb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511,Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511,Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven,,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520,Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Nia Fogelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511,Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Dongju Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511,Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale Stress Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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60
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Patel RR, Wolfe SA, Borgonetti V, Gandhi PJ, Rodriguez L, Snyder AE, D'Ambrosio S, Bajo M, Domissy A, Head S, Contet C, Dayne Mayfield R, Roberts AJ, Roberto M. Ethanol withdrawal-induced adaptations in prefrontal corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1-expressing neurons regulate anxiety and conditioned rewarding effects of ethanol. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3441-3451. [PMID: 35668157 PMCID: PMC9708587 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal circuits are thought to underlie aberrant emotion contributing to relapse in abstinence; however, the discrete cell-types and mechanisms remain largely unknown. Corticotropin-releasing factor and its cognate type-1 receptor, a prominent brain stress system, is implicated in anxiety and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we tested the hypothesis that medial prefrontal cortex CRF1-expressing (mPFCCRF1+) neurons comprise a distinct population that exhibits neuroadaptations following withdrawal from chronic ethanol underlying AUD-related behavior. We found that mPFCCRF1+ neurons comprise a glutamatergic population with distinct electrophysiological properties and regulate anxiety and conditioned rewarding effects of ethanol. Notably, mPFCCRF1+ neurons undergo unique neuroadaptations compared to neighboring neurons including a remarkable decrease in excitability and glutamatergic signaling selectively in withdrawal, which is driven in part by the basolateral amygdala. To gain mechanistic insight into these electrophysiological adaptations, we sequenced the transcriptome of mPFCCRF1+ neurons and found that withdrawal leads to an increase in colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) in this population. We found that selective overexpression of CSF1 in mPFCCRF1+ neurons is sufficient to decrease glutamate transmission, heighten anxiety, and abolish ethanol reinforcement, providing mechanistic insight into the observed mPFCCRF1+ synaptic adaptations in withdrawal that drive these behavioral phenotypes. Together, these findings highlight mPFCCRF1+ neurons as a critical site of enduring adaptations that may contribute to the persistent vulnerability to ethanol misuse in abstinence, and CSF1 as a novel target for therapeutic intervention for withdrawal-related negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reesha R Patel
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sarah A Wolfe
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50139, Firenze (FI), Italy
| | - Pauravi J Gandhi
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Larry Rodriguez
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Angela E Snyder
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shannon D'Ambrosio
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michal Bajo
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alain Domissy
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Steven Head
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Candice Contet
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - R Dayne Mayfield
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Differential association between the GLP1R gene variants and brain functional connectivity according to the severity of alcohol use. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13027. [PMID: 35906358 PMCID: PMC9338323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system is involved in mechanisms underlying alcohol seeking and consumption. Accordingly, the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has begun to be studied as a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic variation at the GLP-1R and brain functional connectivity, according to the severity of alcohol use. Participants were 181 individuals categorized as high-risk (n = 96) and low-risk (n = 85) alcohol use, according to their AUD identification test (AUDIT) score. Two uncommon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs6923761 and rs1042044, were selected a priori for this study because they encode amino-acid substitutions with putative functional consequences on GLP-1R activity. Genotype groups were based on the presence of the variant allele for each of the two GLP-1R SNPs of interest [rs6923761: AA + AG (n = 65), GG (n = 116); rs1042044: AA + AC (n = 114), CC (n = 67)]. Resting-state functional MRI data were acquired for 10 min and independent component (IC) analysis was conducted. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) examined the interaction between GLP-1R genotype group and AUDIT group on within- and between-network connectivity. For rs6923761, three ICs showed significant genotype × AUDIT interaction effects on within-network connectivity: two were mapped onto the anterior salience network and one was mapped onto the visuospatial network. For rs1042044, four ICs showed significant interaction effects on within-network connectivity: three were mapped onto the dorsal default mode network and one was mapped onto the basal ganglia network. For both SNPs, post-hoc analyses showed that in the group carrying the variant allele, high versus low AUDIT was associated with stronger within-network connectivity. No significant effects on between-network connectivity were found. In conclusion, genetic variation at the GLP-1R was differentially associated with brain functional connectivity in individuals with low versus high severity of alcohol use. Significant findings in the salience and default mode networks are particularly relevant, given their role in the neurobiology of AUD and addictive behaviors.
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Conte R, Zangirolame CMS, Gobbo DR, Pereira LDAS, Panfilio CE, Reginato RD, Maluf LLS, Scerni DA, Céspedes IC. Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on behavior and neural systems of Wistar rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210673. [PMID: 35857964 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption affects various neurotransmitters, especially those implicated in the transitioning to alcohol use disorders (particularly dopaminergic and CRFergic systems). Few studies have investigated moderate alcohol consumption and its harmful consequences. The objective of this work was to analyze behavioral and neurochemical (dopaminergic and CRFergic systems) alterations during chronic moderate alcohol consumption. Twelve male Wistar rats were submitted to an intermittent alcohol ingestion protocol (alcohol group) for four weeks. The control group consisted of six rats. Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze tests were used for analysis of motor and anxiety-like behaviors. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed in dopaminergic and CRFergic systems. Animals exposed to alcohol consumed moderate doses, chronic and intermittently. Behavioral tests detected fewer fecal boli in the alcohol exposed group, and immunohistochemical analysis indicated fewer dopamine-immunoreactive cells in the ventral tegmental area, and more CRF-immunoreactive cells in the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral septum in this group. Thus we concluded that Wistar rats that consumed moderate doses of alcohol voluntarily and chronically showed a discreet anxiolytic effect in behavior, and a hypodopaminergic and hyperCRFergic neurochemical condition, which together are strong inducers of alcohol consumption predisposing to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Conte
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Rua Botucatu, 740, 1º andar do Edifício Leitão da Cunha, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolline M S Zangirolame
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Departamento de Biociências, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Matias, 11015-020 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise R Gobbo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Rua Botucatu, 740, 1º andar do Edifício Leitão da Cunha, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís DA S Pereira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Rua Botucatu, 740, 1º andar do Edifício Leitão da Cunha, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Panfilio
- Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul/USCS, Escola da Saúde, Rua Santo Antônio, 50, Centro, 09521-160 São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil
| | - Rejane D Reginato
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Rua Botucatu, 740, 1º andar do Edifício Leitão da Cunha, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana L S Maluf
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Departamento de Biociências, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Vila Matias, 11015-020 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora A Scerni
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Rua Pedro De Toledo, 669, Vila Clementino, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Céspedes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Rua Pedro De Toledo, 669, Vila Clementino, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rodriguez L, Kirson D, Wolfe SA, Patel RR, Varodayan FP, Snyder AE, Gandhi PJ, Khom S, Vlkolinsky R, Bajo M, Roberto M. Alcohol Dependence Induces CRF Sensitivity in Female Central Amygdala GABA Synapses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7842. [PMID: 35887190 PMCID: PMC9318832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronically relapsing disease characterized by loss of control in seeking and consuming alcohol (ethanol) driven by the recruitment of brain stress systems. However, AUD differs among the sexes: men are more likely to develop AUD, but women progress from casual to binge drinking and heavy alcohol use more quickly. The central amygdala (CeA) is a hub of stress and anxiety, with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-CRF1 receptor and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-ergic signaling dysregulation occurring in alcohol-dependent male rodents. However, we recently showed that GABAergic synapses in female rats are less sensitive to the acute effects of ethanol. Here, we used patch-clamp electrophysiology to examine the effects of alcohol dependence on the CRF modulation of rat CeA GABAergic transmission of both sexes. We found that GABAergic synapses of naïve female rats were unresponsive to CRF application compared to males, although alcohol dependence induced a similar CRF responsivity in both sexes. In situ hybridization revealed that females had fewer CeA neurons containing mRNA for the CRF1 receptor (Crhr1) than males, but in dependence, the percentage of Crhr1-expressing neurons in females increased, unlike in males. Overall, our data provide evidence for sexually dimorphic CeA CRF system effects on GABAergic synapses in dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Dean Kirson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sarah A. Wolfe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Reesha R. Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Florence P. Varodayan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Angela E. Snyder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Pauravi J. Gandhi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Michal Bajo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
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Yilmaz S. Impaired biological rhythm in men with methamphetamine use disorder: the relationship with sleep quality and depression. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2098847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Istinye University, Elazığ Medical Park Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
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Central sensitization in opioid use disorder: a novel application of the American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia Survey Criteria. Pain Rep 2022; 7:e1016. [PMID: 35812839 PMCID: PMC9263499 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Central sensitization may be an underlying mechanism linking chronic pain and opioid use disorder associated with opioid use disorder onset, maintenance, escalation, treatment delay, and relapse. Introduction: Central sensitization (CS) involves dysfunctional central nervous system pain modulation resulting in heightened pain perception. Central sensitization is not commonly assessed among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), despite the fact that pain has been implicated in the development, maintenance, and relapse of OUD and chronic opioid use may produce opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Central sensitization is a plausibly important mechanism underlying the complex relationship between OUD and chronic pain. However, this premise is largely untested. Methods: Participants with OUD (n = 141) were recruited from an academic addiction treatment center in Columbus, Ohio. An established surrogate measure of CS, the American College of Rheumatology 2011 Fibromyalgia Survey Criteria, was administered using electronic survey. Participants also responded to questions about pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory), quality of life (RAND-36), and items regarding pain beliefs and expectations of pain and addiction treatment. Descriptive analyses, Spearman rho correlations, and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed. Results: Hypothesized relationships were confirmed between degree of CS, pain interference, and health-related quality of life. Degree of CS was also positively correlated with greater endorsement of pain as a reason for the onset, maintenance, and escalation of OUD; treatment delay; and OUD relapse. Participants with the American College of Rheumatology 2011 Fibromyalgia Survey Criteria ≥13 had significantly greater endorsement of pain as a reason for delaying OUD treatment, continuing and increasing opioid use, and precipitating OUD relapse. Conclusions: This study provides early evidence CS may underlie previously observed connections between clinically salient features of chronic pain and OUD, potentially informing future mechanistic research and precision treatment.
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Segat HJ, Martini F, Roversi K, Rosa SG, Muller SG, Rossato DR, Nogueira CW, Burger ME. Impact of two different types of exercise training on AMPH addiction: Role of hippocampal neurotrophins. Physiol Behav 2022; 251:113804. [PMID: 35398334 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amphetamine (AMPH) abuse results in neurobehavioral alterations related to the reward circuit. The hippocampus plays a role in cognition, reward, and drug addiction. There are no pharmacological approaches to prevent AMPH relapse. Physical exercise has been studied as a non-pharmacological promising influence to attenuate reward symptoms related to addictive drugs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effects of non-weight-loaded and weight-loaded physical exercise on behavioral (relapse, memory and anxiety) and hippocampal molecular parameters associated with AMPH addiction in Wistar rats. METHODS Male rats were subjected to the AMPH-Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. After 8-conditioning days, they were subjected to swimming physical exercise protocol (without or with weight-load). Behavioral evaluations were performed to assess the influence of both exercise protocols in addiction parameters, including relapse after AMPH reconditioning, working memory, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like symptoms. Subsequently, protein levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF ex-vivo assays were carried out in samples of the hippocampus of the animals. RESULTS AMPH relapse and anxiety-like behaviors were reduced only in rats subjected to non-weight-loaded exercise. Hippocampal BDNF and pro-BDNF immunoreactivity were increased in non-weight-loaded exercise rats. Behavioral and molecular analyses were not modified in rats subjected to weight-loaded exercise. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that non-weight-loaded exercise was more effective against relapse and anxiety-like behavior induced by AMPH. Non-weight-loaded exercise upregulated the hippocampal immunocontent levels in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hecson Jesser Segat
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Franciele Martini
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Roversi
- Departement de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzan Gonçalves Rosa
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grendene Muller
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia; UFSM, RS, Brazil
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Boström ADE, Andersson P, Chatzittofis A, Savard J, Rask-Andersen M, Öberg KG, Arver S, Jokinen J. HPA-axis dysregulation is not associated with accelerated epigenetic aging in patients with hypersexual disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 141:105765. [PMID: 35452872 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersexual disorder (HD) - a nonparaphilic sexual desire disorder with impulsivity component - was evaluated for inclusion as a diagnosis in the DSM-5 and the diagnosis compulsive sexual behavior disorder is included as an impulse control disorder in the ICD-11. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity is believed to affect cellular senescence and has been implicated in HD. No previous study investigated HD or HPA-axis dysregulation in relation to measures of epigenetic age (EA) acceleration. METHODS This study reports on a case-control study set-up from a well-characterized cohort, contrasting EA predictors in relation to 60 HD patients and 33 healthy volunteers (HV) and 19 mixed HD/HV exhibiting dexamethasone suppression test (DST) non-suppression to 73 mixed HD/HV DST controls. The genome-wide methylation pattern was measured in whole blood from 94 subjects using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip and preprocessed according to specialized protocols suitable for epigenetic age estimation. The online DNAm Age Calculator (https://dnamage. GENETICS ucla.edu/) was implemented to retrieve various EA predictors, which were compared between the in-silico generated subgroups. RESULTS Quality control analyses indicated strong correlations between the EA measure DNA methylation GrimAge (DNAm GrimAge - the EA clock most reliably associated with mortality risk) and chronological age in all sub-groups. The study was adequately powered to detect differences of 2.5 and 3.0 years in DNAm GrimAge minus age in relation to both HD and HPA-axis dysregulation, respectively. Baseline DNAm GrimAge exceeded chronological age by 2.8 years on average across all samples. No EA acceleration marker was associated with HD or DST suppression status (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION EA acceleration markers shown to be strongly predictive of physiological dysregulation and mortality-risk, are not related to HD or DST non-suppression status (measured after 0.5 mg dexamethasone). The independency of HPA-axis dysregulation to EA acceleration does not support the biological relevance of this dosage-regimen when applied to patients with HD. These findings do not support the notion of accelerated cellular senescence in HD. Studies stratifying DST non-suppressors according to established dosage-regimens in somatic settings are needed to fully elucidate the putative contribution of HPA-axis dysregulation to EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Desai E Boström
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health/Neuropediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Andreas Chatzittofis
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Josephine Savard
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mathias Rask-Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina G Öberg
- Anova, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Arver
- Anova, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Alcohol Use Disorder: Neurobiology and Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051192. [PMID: 35625928 PMCID: PMC9139063 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) encompasses the dysregulation of multiple brain circuits involved in executive function leading to excessive consumption of alcohol, despite negative health and social consequences and feelings of withdrawal when access to alcohol is prevented. Ethanol exerts its toxicity through changes to multiple neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetylcholine, and opioid systems. These neurotransmitter imbalances result in dysregulation of brain circuits responsible for reward, motivation, decision making, affect, and the stress response. Despite serious health and psychosocial consequences, this disorder still remains one of the leading causes of death globally. Treatment options include both psychological and pharmacological interventions, which are aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and/or promoting abstinence while also addressing dysfunctional behaviours and impaired functioning. However, stigma and social barriers to accessing care continue to impact many individuals. AUD treatment should focus not only on restoring the physiological and neurological impairment directly caused by alcohol toxicity but also on addressing psychosocial factors associated with AUD that often prevent access to treatment. This review summarizes the impact of alcohol toxicity on brain neurocircuitry in the context of AUD and discusses pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies currently available to treat this addiction disorder.
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Leconte C, Mongeau R, Noble F. Traumatic Stress-Induced Vulnerability to Addiction: Critical Role of the Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid Receptor System. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:856672. [PMID: 35571111 PMCID: PMC9091501 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.856672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) may emerge from an individual’s attempt to limit negative affective states and symptoms linked to stress. Indeed, SUD is highly comorbid with chronic stress, traumatic stress, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and treatments approved for each pathology individually often failed to have a therapeutic efficiency in such comorbid patients. The kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous ligand dynorphin (DYN), seem to play a key role in the occurrence of this comorbidity. The DYN/KOR function is increased either in traumatic stress or during drug use, dependence acquisition and DYN is released during stress. The behavioural effects of stress related to the DYN/KOR system include anxiety, dissociative and depressive symptoms, as well as increased conditioned fear response. Furthermore, the DYN/KOR system is implicated in negative reinforcement after the euphoric effects of a drug of abuse ends. During chronic drug consumption DYN/KOR functions increase and facilitate tolerance and dependence. The drug-seeking behaviour induced by KOR activation can be retrieved either during the development of an addictive behaviour, or during relapse after withdrawal. DYN is known to be one of the most powerful negative modulators of dopamine signalling, notably in brain structures implicated in both reward and fear circuitries. KOR are also acting as inhibitory heteroreceptors on serotonin neurons. Moreover, the DYN/KOR system cross-regulate with corticotropin-releasing factor in the brain. The sexual dimorphism of the DYN/KOR system could be the cause of the gender differences observed in patients with SUD or/and traumatic stress-related pathologies. This review underlies experimental and clinical results emphasizing the DYN/KOR system as common mechanisms shared by SUD or/and traumatic stress-related pathologies, and suggests KOR antagonist as a new pharmacological strategy to treat this comorbidity.
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Duttke SH, Montilla-Perez P, Chang MW, Li H, Chen H, Carrette LLG, de Guglielmo G, George O, Palmer AA, Benner C, Telese F. Glucocorticoid Receptor-Regulated Enhancers Play a Central Role in the Gene Regulatory Networks Underlying Drug Addiction. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:858427. [PMID: 35651629 PMCID: PMC9149415 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.858427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse and addiction represent a significant public health problem that impacts multiple dimensions of society, including healthcare, the economy, and the workforce. In 2021, over 100,000 drug overdose deaths were reported in the US, with an alarming increase in fatalities related to opioids and psychostimulants. Understanding the fundamental gene regulatory mechanisms underlying addiction and related behaviors could facilitate more effective treatments. To explore how repeated drug exposure alters gene regulatory networks in the brain, we combined capped small (cs)RNA-seq, which accurately captures nascent-like initiating transcripts from total RNA, with Hi-C and single nuclei (sn)ATAC-seq. We profiled initiating transcripts in two addiction-related brain regions, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), from rats that were never exposed to drugs or were subjected to prolonged abstinence after oxycodone or cocaine intravenous self-administration (IVSA). Interrogating over 100,000 active transcription start regions (TSRs) revealed that most TSRs had hallmarks of bonafide enhancers and highlighted the KLF/SP1, RFX, and AP1 transcription factors families as central to establishing brain-specific gene regulatory programs. Analysis of rats with addiction-like behaviors versus controls identified addiction-associated repression of transcription at regulatory enhancers recognized by nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C (NR3C) factors, including glucocorticoid receptors. Cell-type deconvolution analysis using snATAC-seq uncovered a potential role of glial cells in driving the gene regulatory programs associated with addiction-related phenotypes. These findings highlight the power of advanced transcriptomics methods to provide insight into how addiction perturbs gene regulatory programs in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha H. Duttke
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | - Max W. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hairi Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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71
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Carneiro de Oliveira PE, Carmona IM, Casarotto M, Silveira LM, Oliveira ACB, Canto-de-Souza A. Mice Cohabiting With Familiar Conspecific in Chronic Stress Condition Exhibit Methamphetamine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Augmented Consolation Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:835717. [PMID: 35517576 PMCID: PMC9062221 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.835717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing and sharing emotions are essential for species survival, but in some cases, living with a conspecific in distress condition may induce negative emotional states through empathy-like processes. Studies have reported that stressors promote psychiatric disorders in both, those who suffer directly and who witness these aversive episodes, principally whether social proximity is involved. However, the mechanisms underlying the harmful outcomes of emotional contagion need more studies, mainly in the drug addiction-related behaviors. Here, we investigated the relevance of familiarity and the effects of cohabitation with a partner submitted to chronic stress in the anxiety-like, locomotor sensitization, and consolation behaviors. Male Swiss mice were housed in pairs during different periods to test the establishment of familiarity and the stress-induced anxiety behavior in the elevated plus maze. Another cohort was housed with a conspecific subjected to repeated restraint stress (1 h/day) for 14 days. During chronic restraint the allogrooming was measured and after the stress period mice were tested in the open field for evaluation of anxiety and locomotor cross-sensitization induced by methamphetamine. We found that familiarity was established after 14 days of cohabitation and the anxiogenic behavior appeared after 14 days of stress. Repeated restraint stress also increased anxiety in the open field test and induced locomotor cross-sensitization in the stressed mice and their cagemates. Cagemates also exhibited an increase in the consolation behavior after stress sessions when compared to control mice. These results indicate that changes in drug abuse-related, consolation, and affective behaviors may be precipitated through emotional contagion in familiar conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Miranda Carmona
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariana Casarotto
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lara Maria Silveira
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecília Bezerra Oliveira
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Azair Canto-de-Souza
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Institute, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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72
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Baumgartner HM, Granillo M, Schulkin J, Berridge KC. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) systems: Promoting cocaine pursuit without distress via incentive motivation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267345. [PMID: 35503756 PMCID: PMC9064096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) systems in limbic structures are posited to mediate stress-induced relapse in addiction, traditionally by generating distress states that spur drug consumption as attempts at hedonic self-medication. Yet evidence suggests that activating CRF-expressing neurons in the central amygdala (CeA) or nucleus accumbens (NAc) can magnify incentive motivation in absence of distress, at least for sucrose rewards. However, traditional CRF hypotheses in addiction neuroscience are primarily directed toward drug rewards. The question remains open whether CRF systems can similarly act via incentive motivation mechanisms to promote pursuit of drug rewards, such as cocaine. Here we tested whether optogenetic excitation of CRF-containing neurons in either NAc medial shell, lateral CeA, or dorsolateral BNST of transgenic Crh-Cre+ rats would spur preference and pursuit of a particular laser-paired cocaine reward over an alternative cocaine reward, and whether excitation served as a positively-valenced incentive itself, through laser self-stimulation tests. We report that excitation of CRF-containing neurons in either NAc or CeA recruited mesocorticolimbic circuitry to amplify incentive motivation to pursue the laser-paired cocaine: focusing preference on the laser-paired cocaine reward in a two-choice task, and spurred pursuit as doubled breakpoint in a progressive ratio task. Crucially indicating positive-valence, excitation of CRF neurons in NAc and CeA also was actively sought after by most rats in self-stimulation tasks. Conversely, CRF neuronal activation in BNST was never self-stimulated, but failed to enhance cocaine consumption. Collectively, we find that NAc and CeA CRF-containing neurons can amplify pursuit and consumption of cocaine by positively-valenced incentive mechanisms, without any aversive distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Baumgartner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United Started of America
| | - Madeliene Granillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United Started of America
| | - Jay Schulkin
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kent C. Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United Started of America
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73
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Vereczkei A, Barta C, Magi A, Farkas J, Eisinger A, Király O, Belik A, Griffiths MD, Szekely A, Sasvári-Székely M, Urbán R, Potenza MN, Badgaiyan RD, Blum K, Demetrovics Z, Kotyuk E. FOXN3 and GDNF Polymorphisms as Common Genetic Factors of Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050690. [PMID: 35629112 PMCID: PMC9144496 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and phenomenological studies suggest shared underpinnings between multiple addictive behaviors. The present genetic association study was conducted as part of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of Addictions study (n = 3003) and aimed to investigate genetic overlaps between different substance use, addictive, and other compulsive behaviors. Association analyses targeted 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, potentially addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs), and potentially addictive or compulsive behaviors (internet use, gaming, social networking site use, gambling, exercise, hair-pulling, and eating). Analyses revealed 29 nominally significant associations, from which, nine survived an FDRbl correction. Four associations were observed between FOXN3 rs759364 and potentially addictive behaviors: rs759364 showed an association with the frequency of alcohol consumption and mean scores of scales assessing internet addiction, gaming disorder, and exercise addiction. Significant associations were found between GDNF rs1549250, rs2973033, CNR1 rs806380, DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 variants, and the “lifetime other drugs” variable. These suggested that genetic factors may contribute similarly to specific substance use and addictive behaviors. Specifically, FOXN3 rs759364 and GDNF rs1549250 and rs2973033 may constitute genetic risk factors for multiple addictive behaviors. Due to limitations (e.g., convenience sampling, lack of structured scales for substance use), further studies are needed. Functional correlates and mechanisms underlying these relationships should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vereczkei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Csaba Barta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Anna Magi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Eisinger
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
| | - Andrea Belik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;
| | - Anna Szekely
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
| | - Mária Sasvári-Székely
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry, Child Study and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine, & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine, & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Eszter Kotyuk
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
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74
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Price ME, McCool BA. Chronic Alcohol Dysregulates Glutamatergic Function in the Basolateral Amygdala in a Projection-and Sex-Specific Manner. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:857550. [PMID: 35496915 PMCID: PMC9050109 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.857550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent ethanol and withdrawal (CIE/WD) produces alcohol dependence, facilitates anxiety-like behavior, and increases post-CIE alcohol intake. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is one of several brain regions that regulates anxiety-like behavior and alcohol intake through downstream projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAC) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), respectively. Previous studies revealed that CIE/WD induces input- and sex-specific adaptations to glutamatergic function in the BLA. The BLA receives information from two distinct input pathways. Glutamatergic afferents from medial structures like the thalamus and prefrontal cortex enter the BLA through the stria terminalis whereas lateral cortical structures like the anterior insula cortex enter the BLA through the external capsule. CIE/WD increases presynaptic glutamatergic function at stria terminalis synapses and postsynaptic function at external capsule synapses. Previous studies sampled neurons throughout the BLA, but did not distinguish between projection-specific populations. The current study investigated BLA neurons that project to the NAC (BLA-NAC neurons) or the BNST (BLA-BNST neurons) as representative “reward” and “aversion” BLA neurons, and showed that CIE/WD alters glutamatergic function and excitability in a projection- and sex-specific manner. CIE/WD increases glutamate release from stria terminalis inputs only onto BLA-BNST neurons. At external capsule synapses, CIE/WD increases postsynaptic glutamatergic function in male BLA-NAC neurons and female BLA-BNST neurons. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that CIE/WD enhanced the excitability of male BLA-NAC neurons and BLA-BNST neurons in both sexes when glutamatergic but not GABAergic function was intact. Thus, CIE/WD-mediated increased glutamatergic function facilitates hyperexcitability in male BLA-NAC neurons and BLA-BNST neurons of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela E. Price
- Neuroscience and Alcohol Research Training Programs, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Brian A. McCool
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian A. McCool,
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75
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Hazani HM, Naina Mohamed I, Muzaimi M, Mohamed W, Yahaya MF, Teoh SL, Pakri Mohamed RM, Mohamad Isa MF, Abdulrahman SM, Ramadah R, Kamaluddin MR, Kumar J. Goofballing of Opioid and Methamphetamine: The Science Behind the Deadly Cocktail. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859563. [PMID: 35462918 PMCID: PMC9021401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, millions of people suffer from various substance use disorders (SUD), including mono-and polydrug use of opioids and methamphetamine. Brain regions such as the cingulate cortex, infralimbic cortex, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, basolateral and central amygdala have been shown to play important roles in addiction-related behavioral changes. Clinical and pre-clinical studies have characterized these brain regions and their corresponding neurochemical changes in numerous phases of drug dependence such as acute drug use, intoxication, craving, withdrawal, and relapse. At present, many studies have reported the individual effects of opioids and methamphetamine. However, little is known about their combined effects. Co-use of these drugs produces effects greater than either drug alone, where one decreases the side effects of the other, and the combination produces a prolonged intoxication period or a more desirable intoxication effect. An increasing number of studies have associated polydrug abuse with poorer treatment outcomes, drug-related deaths, and more severe psychopathologies. To date, the pharmacological treatment efficacy for polydrug abuse is vague, and still at the experimental stage. This present review discusses the human and animal behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical changes underlying both morphine and methamphetamine dependence separately, as well as its combination. This narrative review also delineates the recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of mono- and poly drug-use of opioids and methamphetamine at clinical and preclinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanis Mohammad Hazani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha Muzaimi
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Basic Medical Science Department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Ravi Ramadah
- National Anti-Drugs Agency Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Jaya Kumar,
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76
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Applying the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment to derive neurofunctional domains in individuals who use methamphetamine. Behav Brain Res 2022; 427:113876. [PMID: 35378110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) was proposed as a neuroscience-informed clinical framework to understand heterogeneity in addiction encompassing dysfunction in three domains: incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive functions. The ANA has been validated in the alcohol field but has not been extended to other substances. Thus, the objective of the current study was to replicate and extend the ANA framework to methamphetamine use disorder. Non-treatment seeking individuals (N = 185) who reported regular methamphetamine use completed a deep phenotyping battery comprising self-report and behavioral measures that assessed methamphetamine craving and emotional withdrawal symptoms, mood and anxiety symptomatology, risk-taking behaviors, working memory, attention, and impulsivity. Factor analytic techniques were used in an iterative manner to derive latent factors that explained biobehavioral variation in the sample. The relationship between factor scores and demographic and clinical indicators of methamphetamine use were examined to assess the construct validity of the latent factors. Deep phenotyping combined with factor analytic techniques implicated three intercorrelated neurofunctional domains that map on to the proposed ANA domains: incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function. Each of the domains were associated with demographic and clinical indicators of methamphetamine use providing initial support for their construct validity. The ANA framework holds promise for explaining heterogeneity in addiction by identifying neuroscience-informed phenotypes. Knowledge from the ANA framework may be applied to advance precision medicine and inform medications development for a host of substance use disorders, particularly those with no approved pharmacotherapy such as methamphetamine.
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77
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Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Özkan-Kotiloğlu S, Yalçın-Şahiner Ş, Ağtaş-Ertan E, Özgür-İlhan İ. Association of PDYN 68-bp VNTR polymorphism with sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone treatment and with opioid or alcohol use disorder: Effect on craving, depression, anxiety and age onset of first use. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 921:174862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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78
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French AR, van Rijn RM. An updated assessment of the translational promise of G-protein-biased kappa opioid receptor agonists to treat pain and other indications without debilitating adverse effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106091. [PMID: 35101565 PMCID: PMC8923989 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptor (κOR) agonists lack the abuse liability and respiratory depression effects of clinically used mu opioid receptor (μOR) analgesics and are hypothesized to be safer alternatives. However, κOR agonists have limiting adverse effects of their own, including aversion, sedation, and mood effects, that have hampered their clinical translation. Studies performed over the last 15 years have suggested that these adverse effects could result from activation of distinct intracellular signaling pathways that are dependent on β-arrestin, whereas signaling downstream of G protein activation produces antinociception. This led to the hypothesis that agonists biased away from β-arrestin signaling would have improved therapeutic windows over traditional unbiased agonists and allow for clinical development of analgesic G-protein-biased κOR agonists. Given a recent controversy regarding the benefits of G-protein-biased μOR agonists, it is timely to reassess the therapeutic promise of G-protein-biased κOR agonists. Here we review recent discoveries from preclinical κOR studies and critically evaluate the therapeutic windows of G-protein-biased κOR agonists in each of the adverse effects above. Overall, we find that G-protein-biased κOR agonists generally have improved therapeutic window relative to unbiased agonists, although frequently study design limits strong conclusions in this regard. However, a steady flow of newly developed biased κOR agonists paired with recently engineered behavioral and molecular tools puts the κOR field in a prime position to make major advances in our understanding of κOR function and fulfill the promise of translating a new generation of biased κOR agonists to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R French
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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79
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Neurochemical and Hormonal Contributors to Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder has been recently included in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and the possible contribution of neurochemical and hormonal factors have been reported. However, relatively little is known concerning the neurobiology underlying this disorder. The aim of this article is to review and discuss published findings in the area.
Recent Findings
Evidence suggests that the neuroendocrine systems are involved in the pathophysiology of compulsive sexual behavior. The hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis, the hypothalamus-pituitary–gonadal axis, and the oxytocinergic system have been implicated.
Summary
Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact involvement of neuroendocrine and hormonal systems in compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Prospective longitudinal studies are particularly needed, especially those considering co-occurring psychiatric disorders and obtaining hormonal assessments in experimental circumstances with appropriate control groups.
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80
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Harun N, Azzalia Kamaruzaman N, Mohamed Sofian Z, Hassan Z. Mini Review: Potential Therapeutic Values of Mitragynine as an Opioid Substitution Therapy. Neurosci Lett 2022; 773:136500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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81
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Green JM, Sundman MH, Chou YH. Opioid-induced microglia reactivity modulates opioid reward, analgesia, and behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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82
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Loganathan K. Value-based cognition and drug dependency. Addict Behav 2021; 123:107070. [PMID: 34359016 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Value-based decision-making is thought to play an important role in drug dependency. Achieving elevated levels of euphoria or ameliorating dysphoria/pain may motivate goal-directed drug consumption in both drug-naïve and long-time users. In other words, drugs become viewed as the preferred means of attaining a desired internal state. The bias towards choosing drugs may affect one's cognition. Observed biases in learning, attention and memory systems within the brain gradually focus one's cognitive functions towards drugs and related cues to the exclusion of other stimuli. In this narrative review, the effects of drug use on learning, attention and memory are discussed with a particular focus on changes across brain-wide functional networks and the subsequent impact on behaviour. These cognitive changes are then incorporated into the cycle of addiction, an established model outlining the transition from casual drug use to chronic dependency. If drug use results in the elevated salience of drugs and their cues, the studies highlighted in this review strongly suggest that this salience biases cognitive systems towards the motivated pursuit of addictive drugs. This bias is observed throughout the cycle of addiction, possibly contributing to the persistent hold that addictive drugs have over the dependent. Taken together, the excessive valuation of drugs as the preferred means of achieving a desired internal state affects more than just decision-making, but also learning, attentional and mnemonic systems. This eventually narrows the focus of one's thoughts towards the pursuit and consumption of addictive drugs.
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83
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Oh H, Leventhal AM, Tam CC, Rajkumar R, Zhou S, Clapp JD. Stressors experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and substance use among US college students. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2021; 1:100005. [PMID: 35156105 PMCID: PMC8606256 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2021.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic caused numerous stressors that may have been linked to substance use among college students. METHODS We analyzed data from the Fall 2020 Healthy Minds Study (N = 15,995), a non-probability sample of students attending one of 28 universities, who completed an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic (September - December 2020). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the associations between COVID-19 stressors (concern, racial/ethnic discrimination, financial distress, infection, illness of loved one, death of loved one, caregiving) and substance use (alcohol, cigarette, marijuana), adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and international student status. All COVID-19 stressors were included in the same weighted logistic regression models. RESULTS About 46.89% of the sample reported drinking any alcohol (in the past 2 weeks), 7.38% used any cigarettes, and 16.87% used any marijuana over the past month. Multivariable logistic regression models showed that infection and caregiving were significantly associated with alcohol use; racial/ethnic discrimination and financial distress were associated with smoking cigarettes; and concern and infection were associated with marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 stressors were related to substance use, though the strength and significance of the associations varied depending on the stressors and the type of substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- USC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, USA
| | | | - Ravi Rajkumar
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Sasha Zhou
- Wayne State University, Department of Public Health, Wayne State, USA
| | - John D. Clapp
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, USA
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84
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Interoception and alcohol: Mechanisms, networks, and implications. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108807. [PMID: 34562442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interoception refers to the perception of the internal state of the body and is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in mental health disorders. Drugs of abuse produce powerful interoceptive states that are upstream of behaviors that drive and influence drug intake, and addiction pathology is impacted by interoceptive processes. The goal of the present review is to discuss interoceptive processes related to alcohol. We will cover physiological responses to alcohol, how interoceptive states can impact drinking, and the recruitment of brain networks as informed by clinical research. We also review the molecular and brain circuitry mechanisms of alcohol interoceptive effects as informed by preclinical studies. Finally, we will discuss emerging treatments with consideration of interoception processes. As our understanding of the role of interoception in drug and alcohol use grows, we suggest that the convergence of information provided by clinical and preclinical studies will be increasingly important. Given the complexity of interoceptive processing and the multitude of brain regions involved, an overarching network-based framework can provide context for how focused manipulations modulate interoceptive processing as a whole. In turn, preclinical studies can systematically determine the roles of individual nodes and their molecular underpinnings in a given network, potentially suggesting new therapeutic targets and directions. As interoceptive processing drives and influences motivation, emotion, and subsequent behavior, consideration of interoception is important for our understanding of processes that drive ongoing drinking and relapse.
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85
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Guille C, King C, Ramakrishnan V, Baker N, Cortese B, Nunn L, Rogers T, McRae-Clark A, Brady K. The impact of lofexidine on stress-related opioid craving and relapse: Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 111:106616. [PMID: 34737091 PMCID: PMC8761253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Opioid Use Disorders (OUDs) and drug overdose deaths are increasing at alarmingly high rates in the United States. Stress and dysregulation in biologic stress response systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and noradrenergic system appear to play an important role in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders and relapse to drug use, particularly for women. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist medications effectively decrease noradrenergic activity and have demonstrated benefit in preventing relapse to substance use and decreasing stress-reactivity and craving in cocaine- and nicotine-dependent women, compared to men. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists may help decrease stress reactivity in individuals with OUDs and prevent relapse to drug use, but gender differences have yet to be systematically explored. We describe the rationale, study design and methodology of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial examining gender differences in stress, craving and drug use among adult men and women with OUD taking methadone or buprenorphine and randomly assigned to an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, lofexidine, compared to placebo. In addition, we describe methods for measuring daily stress, craving and drug use in participant's natural environment as well as participant's physiological (i.e., heart rate, cortisol) and psychological (i.e., stress, craving) response to laboratory social and drug cue stressors. Lastly, we detail methods adopted to sustain research activity while following guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT03718065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Guille
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Courtney King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Viswanathan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Bernadette Cortese
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Lisa Nunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Taylor Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Aimee McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Kathleen Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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86
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Le V, Kirsch DE, Tretyak V, Weber W, Strakowski SM, Lippard ETC. Recent Perceived Stress, Amygdala Reactivity to Acute Psychosocial Stress, and Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:767309. [PMID: 34867554 PMCID: PMC8634636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.767309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychosocial stress negatively affects the clinical course of bipolar disorder. Studies primarily focused on adults with bipolar disorder suggest the impact of stress is progressive, i.e., stress response sensitizes with age. Neural mechanisms underlying stress sensitization are unknown. As stress-related mechanisms contribute to alcohol/substance use disorders, variation in stress response in youth with bipolar disorder may contribute to development of co-occurring alcohol/substance use disorders. This study investigated relations between psychosocial stress, amygdala reactivity, and alcohol and cannabis use in youth with bipolar disorder, compared to typically developing youth. Methods: Forty-two adolescents/young adults [19 with bipolar disorder, 23 typically developing, 71% female, agemean ± SD = 21 ± 2 years] completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Daily Drinking Questionnaire modified for heaviest drinking week, and a modified Montreal Imaging Stress functional MRI Task. Amygdala activation was measured for both the control and stress conditions. Main effects of group, condition, total PSS, and their interactions on amygdala activation were modeled. Relationships between amygdala response to acute stress with recent alcohol/cannabis use were investigated. Results: Greater perceived stress related to increased right amygdala activation in response to the stress, compared to control, condition in bipolar disorder, but not in typically developing youth (group × condition × PSS interaction, p = 0.02). Greater amygdala reactivity to acute stress correlated with greater quantity and frequency of alcohol use and frequency of cannabis use in bipolar disorder. Conclusion: Recent perceived stress is associated with changes in amygdala activation during acute stress with amygdala reactivity related to alcohol/cannabis use in youth with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Le
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Dylan E. Kirsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Valeria Tretyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Wade Weber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Stephen M. Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth T. C. Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
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87
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Fatkin T, Moore SK, Okst K, Creedon TB, Samawi F, Fredericksen AK, Roll D, Oxnard A, Lê Cook B, Schuman-Olivier Z. Feasibility and acceptability of mindful recovery opioid use care continuum (M-ROCC): A concurrent mixed methods study. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 130:108415. [PMID: 34118705 PMCID: PMC8478704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As opioid overdose deaths increase, buprenorphine/naloxone (B/N) treatment is expanding, yet almost half of patients are not retained in B/N treatment. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) designed to promote non-judgmental awareness of present moment experience may be complementary to B/N treatment and offer the potential to enhance retention by reducing substance use and addressing comorbid symptoms. In this pilot study, we examined the feasibility and acceptability of the Mindful Recovery OUD Care Continuum (M-ROCC), a trauma-informed, motivationally sensitive, 24-week MBI. Participants (N = 18) were adults with Opioid Use Disorder prescribed B/N. The study team conducted assessments of satisfaction, mindfulness levels, and home practice, as well as qualitative interviews at 4 and 24-weeks. M-ROCC was feasible in a sample with high rates of childhood trauma and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses with 89% of participants retained at 4-weeks and 72% at 24-weeks. Positive qualitative interview responses and a high rate of participants willing to refer a friend (100%) demonstrates program acceptability. Participant mindfulness increased from baseline to 24-weeks (β = 0.24, p = 0.001, d = 0.51), and increases were correlated with informal mindfulness practice frequency (r = 0.7, p < 0.01). Although limited by small sample size, this pilot study highlights the feasibility and acceptability of integrating MBIs into standard primary care Office-Based Opioid Treatment (OBOT) among a population with substantial trauma history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fatkin
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Sarah K Moore
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America.
| | - Kayley Okst
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Timothy B Creedon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Farah Samawi
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | | | - David Roll
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Alexandra Oxnard
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Benjamin Lê Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Zev Schuman-Olivier
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America.
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88
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Lallai V, Chen YC, Roybal MM, Kotha ER, Fowler JP, Staben A, Cortez A, Fowler CD. Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation and self-administration in a rodent model: Sex- and nicotine delivery-specific effects on metabolism and behavior. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13024. [PMID: 33624410 PMCID: PMC8380743 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
E-cigarettes, which deliver vaporized nicotine, have dramatically risen in popularity in recent years, despite many unanswered questions about safety, efficacy in reducing dependence, and overall impact on public health. Other factors, such as sex, also play an important role in determining behavioral and neurochemical responses to drugs of abuse. In these studies, we sought to develop a protocol for vaporized e-cigarette nicotine self-administration in rats, as a foundation to better understand the differing effects of nicotine exposure routes on behavior and physiological function. We report a novel method that elicits robust nicotine vapor self-administration in male and female rats. Our findings indicate that 5-mg/ml nicotine vape solution provides a high level of consistency in lever-pressing behavior for both males and females. Moreover, in male rats, we find that such e-cigarette nicotine vapor induces similar blood levels of nicotine's main metabolite, cotinine, as that found with intravenous nicotine self-administration. Therefore, the breathing pattern during vapor exposure in males leads to similar levels of titrated nicotine intake as with intravenous nicotine self-administration. Interestingly, a differential effect was found in the females, in which the same conditions of vapor exposure led to decreased cotinine levels with vapor compared to intravenous self-administration. Finally, differences in nicotine-mediated locomotion provide further support of the physiological effects of e-cigarette vapor inhalation. Taken together, our findings reveal important sex differences in nicotine intake based on the route of exposure, and we further establish a protocol for nicotine vapor self-administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lallai
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yen-Chu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mikayla M Roybal
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Eashan R Kotha
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - James P Fowler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andres Staben
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Angelique Cortez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Christie D Fowler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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89
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Voegel CD, Kroll SL, Schmid MW, Kexel AK, Baumgartner MR, Kraemer T, Binz TM, Quednow BB. Alterations of Stress-Related Glucocorticoids and Endocannabinoids in Hair of Chronic Cocaine Users. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 25:226-237. [PMID: 34676867 PMCID: PMC8929753 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research in animals and humans has demonstrated a potential role of stress regulatory systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, in the development of substance use disorders. We thus investigated alterations of HPA and eCB markers in individuals with chronic cocaine use disorder by using an advanced hair analysis technique. METHODS We compared hair concentrations of glucocorticoids (cortisone, cortisol) and the eCBs 2-arachidonylglycerol, anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) between 48 recreational cocaine users (RCU), 25 dependent cocaine users (DCU), and 67 stimulant-naïve controls. Self-reported substance use and hair concentrations of substances were also assessed. RESULTS Significantly higher concentrations of hair cortisone were found in RCU and DCU compared with controls. Hair concentrations of OEA and PEA were significantly lower in DCU compared with RCU and controls. Additionally, within cocaine users, elevated cocaine hair concentration was a significant predictor for increased glucocorticoid and decreased OEA hair levels. Moreover, higher 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine hair concentration was correlated with elevated cortisone and AEA, OEA, and PEA levels in hair within cocaine users, whereas more self-reported cannabis use was associated with lower eCBs levels in hair across the total sample. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that the HPA axis and eCB system might be important regulators for substance use disorders. The mechanistic understanding of changes in glucocorticoid and eCB levels in future research might be a promising pharmacological target to reduce stress-induced craving and relapse specifically in cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa D Voegel
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara L Kroll
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Ann-Kathrin Kexel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina M Binz
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland,Correspondence: B. B. Quednow, PhD, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland ()
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90
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Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has a worldwide prevalence of 2%-3%. Characterized by the presence of either one or two core symptoms-obsessions and compulsions-it generally runs a chronic course and may cause serious functional impairment. Though previously thought to be of psychogenic origin, the pathophysiology of OCD is now understood to be more complex. A multitude of environmental factors have been shown to contribute to the development of OCD, including infection, neonatal complications, childhood trauma, occurrence of stressful events, and brain injury. It has also been proposed that genetic vulnerability may play a role in OCD pathology, although candidate genes have yet to be identified. Likewise, although it is widely accepted that stress plays a role in OCD pathophysiology, the mechanisms remain unclear. Observations from the clinics indicate that stress may serve as both a triggering and aggravating factor, meaning it can prompt symptoms to appear while also contributing to their exacerbation. Additionally, dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and impaired stress response have been identified in OCD patients. In this review, we analyze the role of stress in the pathophysiology of OCD, complemented by relevant findings from recent animal studies.
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91
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Cisneros IE, Cunningham KA. Covid-19 interface with drug misuse and substance use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108766. [PMID: 34454912 PMCID: PMC8388132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic intensified the already catastrophic drug overdose and substance use disorder (SUD) epidemic, signaling a syndemic as social isolation, economic and mental health distress, and disrupted treatment services disproportionally impacted this vulnerable population. Along with these social and societal factors, biological factors triggered by intense stress intertwined with incumbent overactivity of the immune system and the resulting inflammatory outcomes may impact the functional status of the central nervous system (CNS). We review the literature concerning SARS-CoV2 infiltration and infection in the CNS and the prospects of synergy between stress, inflammation, and kynurenine pathway function during illness and recovery from Covid-19. Taken together, inflammation and neuroimmune signaling, a consequence of Covid-19 infection, may dysregulate critical pathways and underlie maladaptive changes in the CNS, to exacerbate the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms and in the vulnerability to develop SUD. This article is part of the special Issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Cisneros
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - K A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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92
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Yoshida S, Komura M. Comments on "The Development of Pathological Dependence after Intermittent Use of Sodium Glutamate, but Not Sucrose or Sodium Chloride Solutions" by Sudakov, et al. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:681-682. [PMID: 34618263 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshida
- International Glutamate Technical Committee (IGTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Komura
- International Glutamate Technical Committee (IGTC), Brussels, Belgium.
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93
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Lannoy S, Sullivan EV. Trajectories of brain development reveal times of risk and factors promoting resilience to alcohol use during adolescence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:85-116. [PMID: 34696880 PMCID: PMC10657639 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is recognized as harmful for the developing brain. Numerous studies have sought environmental and genetic risk factors that predict the development of AUD, but recently identified resilience factors have emerged as protective. This chapter reviews normal processes of brain development in adolescence and emerging adulthood, delineates disturbed growth neurotrajectories related to heavy drinking, and identifies potential endogenous, experiential, and time-linked brain markers of resilience. For example, concurrent high dorsolateral prefrontal activation serving inhibitory control and low nucleus accumbens activation serving reward functions engender positive adaptation and low alcohol use. Also discussed is the role that moderating factors have in promoting risk for or resilience to AUD. Longitudinal research on the effects of all levels of alcohol drinking on the developing brain remains crucial and should be pursued in the context of resilience, which is a promising direction for identifying protective biomarkers against developing AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lannoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - E V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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94
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Neurocircuitry of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Substance Use Prevention and Recovery. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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95
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Matto HC, Seshaiyer P, Carmack S, Peixoto N, Scherbel M. When Triggers Become Tigers: Taming the Autonomic Nervous System via Sensory Support System Modulation. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE IN THE ADDICTIONS 2021; 21:382-395. [PMID: 34621139 PMCID: PMC8491990 DOI: 10.1080/1533256x.2021.1973833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Personalized recovery technologies may enable individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) to monitor and manage acute craving and drug use urges in ways that improve drug-seeking decisions in real-time. Direct and indirect regulation of the autonomic nervous system through sensory input monitoring and modulation may enhance control over behavioral decisions and prevent relapse. A personalized sensory support system that monitors neurophysiological reactivity and offers non-pharmacological point-in-time personalized digital interventions may increase awareness of and control over craving reactivity. It is critical to be able to detect these warning signs and intervene early and effectively. The use of wearable technologies that assess point-in-time neurophysiological escalation and shape behavioral response through personalized interventions could be transformative in allowing individuals to better manage their recovery as they transition out of institutions and move back into community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Matto
- Department of Social Work ∣ Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Padmanabhan Seshaiyer
- Department of Mathematical Sciences ∣ ∣ Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie Carmack
- Research Operations, Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Nathalia Peixoto
- Electrical and Computer Engineering ∣ Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Matthew Scherbel
- Department of Social Work, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Binge-like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescence: Behavioural, Neuroendocrine and Molecular Evidence of Abnormal Neuroplasticity… and Return. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091161. [PMID: 34572345 PMCID: PMC8470908 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge alcohol consumption among adolescents affects the developing neural networks underpinning reward and stress processing in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This study explores in rats the long-lasting effects of early intermittent exposure to intoxicating alcohol levels at adolescence, on: (1) the response to natural positive stimuli and inescapable stress; (2) stress-axis functionality; and (3) dopaminergic and glutamatergic neuroadaptation in the NAc. We also assess the potential effects of the non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid cannabidiol, to counteract (or reverse) the development of detrimental consequences of binge-like alcohol exposure. Our results show that adolescent binge-like alcohol exposure alters the sensitivity to positive stimuli, exerts social and novelty-triggered anxiety-like behaviour, and passive stress-coping during early and prolonged withdrawal. In addition, serum corticosterone and hypothalamic and NAc corticotropin-releasing hormone levels progressively increase during withdrawal. Besides, NAc tyrosine hydroxylase levels increase at late withdrawal, while the expression of dopamine transporter, D1 and D2 receptors is dynamically altered during binge and withdrawal. Furthermore, the expression of markers of excitatory postsynaptic signaling—PSD95; Homer-1 and -2 and the activity-regulated spine-morphing proteins Arc, LIM Kinase 1 and FOXP1—increase at late withdrawal. Notably, subchronic cannabidiol, during withdrawal, attenuates social- and novelty-induced aversion and passive stress-coping and rectifies the hyper-responsive stress axis and NAc dopamine and glutamate-related neuroplasticity. Overall, the exposure to binge-like alcohol levels in adolescent rats makes the NAc, during withdrawal, a locus minoris resistentiae as a result of perturbations in neuroplasticity and in stress-axis homeostasis. Cannabidiol holds a promising potential for increasing behavioural, neuroendocrine and molecular resilience against binge-like alcohol harmful effects.
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97
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Nguyen JD, Grant Y, Taffe MA. Paradoxical changes in brain reward status during oxycodone self-administration in a novel test of the negative reinforcement hypothesis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3797-3812. [PMID: 33948939 PMCID: PMC8387405 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The extra medical use of, and addiction to, prescription opioid analgesics is a growing health problem. To characterize how prescription opioid abuse develops, this study investigated the affective consequences of escalating prescription opioid use using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) reward and oxycodone intravenous self-administration (IVSA) models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats were given access to oxycodone IVSA (0.15 mg·kg-1 per infusion, i.v.) in short-access (ShA; 1 h) or long-access (LgA; 12 h) sessions for five sessions per week followed by intermittent 60-h discontinuations from drug access, a novel explicit test of the negative reinforcement hypothesis. Separate groups were first trained in the ICSS procedure and then in oxycodone IVSA in 11-h LgA sessions. KEY RESULTS Rats given LgA to oxycodone escalated their responding more than ShA rats, with further significant increases observed following each 60-h discontinuation. Presession brain reward thresholds increased with sequential daily LgA IVSA sessions, consistent with a growing negative affective state consequent to successive daily intoxication/abstinence cycles. A 1-h oxycodone IVSA interval was sufficient to normalize these elevated reward thresholds, as was, paradoxically, a 60-h weekend abstinence. The increase in ICSS thresholds was attenuated in a group treated with the long-acting κ-opioid antagonist norbinaltorphimine prior to IVSA training. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Changes in brain reward function during escalation of oxycodone self-administration are driven by an interplay between κ-opioid receptor-mediated negative affective state associated with escalated oxycodone intake and dynamic restoration of brain reward status during longer periods of abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques D. Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Yanabel Grant
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Michael A. Taffe
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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98
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Robinson DL, Amodeo LR, Chandler LJ, Crews FT, Ehlers CL, Gómez-A A, Healey KL, Kuhn CM, Macht VA, Marshall SA, Swartzwelder HS, Varlinskaya EI, Werner DF. The role of sex in the persistent effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on behavior and neurobiology in rodents. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:305-340. [PMID: 34696877 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol drinking is often initiated during adolescence, and this frequently escalates to binge drinking. As adolescence is also a period of dynamic neurodevelopment, preclinical evidence has highlighted that some of the consequences of binge drinking can be long lasting with deficits persisting into adulthood in a variety of cognitive-behavioral tasks. However, while the majority of preclinical work to date has been performed in male rodents, the rapid increase in binge drinking in adolescent female humans has re-emphasized the importance of addressing alcohol effects in the context of sex as a biological variable. Here we review several of the consequences of adolescent ethanol exposure in light of sex as a critical biological variable. While some alcohol-induced outcomes, such as non-social approach/avoidance behavior and sleep disruption, are generally consistent across sex, others are variable across sex, such as alcohol drinking, sensitivity to ethanol, social anxiety-like behavior, and induction of proinflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donita L Robinson
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Leslie R Amodeo
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - L Judson Chandler
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Gómez-A
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kati L Healey
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cynthia M Kuhn
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Victoria A Macht
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - S Alexander Marshall
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - H Scott Swartzwelder
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Elena I Varlinskaya
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - David F Werner
- Neurobiology of Adolescent Drinking in Adulthood Consortium (NADIA), United States; Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
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99
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Kosciolek T, Victor TA, Kuplicki R, Rossi M, Estaki M, Ackermann G, Knight R, Paulus MP. Individuals with substance use disorders have a distinct oral microbiome pattern. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 15:100271. [PMID: 34589776 PMCID: PMC8474247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder emerges from a complex interaction between genetic predisposition, life experiences, exposure, and subsequent adaptation of biological systems to the repeated use of drugs. Recently, investigators have proposed that the human microbiota may play a role in brain health and disease. In particular, the human oral microbiome is a distinct and diverse ecological niche with its composition influenced by external factors such as lifestyle, diet, and oral hygiene. This investigation examined whether individuals with substance use disorder (SU) show a different oral microbiome pattern and whether this pattern is sufficient to delineate the SU group from healthy comparison (HC) subjects. METHODS Participants were a sub-sample (N = 177) of the Tulsa 1000 (T-1000) project. We analyzed 123 SU and 54 HC subjects using 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing to characterize the oral microbiome. RESULTS The groups differed significantly based on the UniFrac distance, a phylogenetic-based measure of beta diversity, but did not differ in alpha diversity. Using a machine learning approach, microbiome features combined with socio-demographic variables successfully categorized group membership with 87%-92% accuracy, even after controlling for external factors such as smoking or alcohol consumption. SU individuals with relatively lower diversity also reported higher levels of negative reinforcement experiences associated with their primary substance of abuse. CONCLUSIONS Oral microbiome features are useful to sufficiently differentiate SU from HC subjects. There is some evidence that subjects whose drug use is driven by negative reinforcement show an impoverished oral microbiome. Taken together, the oral microbiome may help to understand the dysfunctional biological processes that promote substance use or may be pragmatically useful as a risk or severity biological marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kosciolek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Maret Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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100
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Vázquez-León P, Miranda-Páez A, Chávez-Reyes J, Allende G, Barragán-Iglesias P, Marichal-Cancino BA. The Periaqueductal Gray and Its Extended Participation in Drug Addiction Phenomena. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1493-1509. [PMID: 34302618 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a complex mesencephalic structure involved in the integration and execution of active and passive self-protective behaviors against imminent threats, such as immobility or flight from a predator. PAG activity is also associated with the integration of responses against physical discomfort (e.g., anxiety, fear, pain, and disgust) which occurs prior an imminent attack, but also during withdrawal from drugs such as morphine and cocaine. The PAG sends and receives projections to and from other well-documented nuclei linked to the phenomenon of drug addiction including: (i) the ventral tegmental area; (ii) extended amygdala; (iii) medial prefrontal cortex; (iv) pontine nucleus; (v) bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; and (vi) hypothalamus. Preclinical models have suggested that the PAG contributes to the modulation of anxiety, fear, and nociception (all of which may produce physical discomfort) linked with chronic exposure to drugs of abuse. Withdrawal produced by the major pharmacological classes of drugs of abuse is mediated through actions that include participation of the PAG. In support of this, there is evidence of functional, pharmacological, molecular. And/or genetic alterations in the PAG during the impulsive/compulsive intake or withdrawal from a drug. Due to its small size, it is difficult to assess the anatomical participation of the PAG when using classical neuroimaging techniques, so its physiopathology in drug addiction has been underestimated and poorly documented. In this theoretical review, we discuss the involvement of the PAG in drug addiction mainly via its role as an integrator of responses to the physical discomfort associated with drug withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Abraham Miranda-Páez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Allende
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.
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