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Isei MO, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Copper modulates heart mitochondrial H 2O 2 emission differently during fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109267. [PMID: 35026399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the preferred cardiac metabolic fuels are fatty acids, glucose metabolism also plays an important role. However, irrespective of substrate type, energy generation results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. To determine if the preference of fat over carbohydrates predisposes cardiomyocytes to oxidant production, we measured total and site-specific H2O2 emission in heart mitochondria oxidizing palmitoylcarnitine or pyruvate during copper (Cu) exposure. H2O2 emission was higher during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine compared with pyruvate. Moreover, the bulk of the H2O2 emitted during palmitoylcarnitine oxidation originated from the outer ubiquinone binding site of complex III (site IIIQo) and the flavin site of electron transfer flavoprotein (site EF). We found no evidence of ROS production from complex I ubiquinone-binding site (site IQ) by reverse electron transport during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine. Pyruvate oxidation also drove H2O2 emission primarily from sites IIIQo; however, the flavin sites of pyruvate dehydrogenase (site PF) and complex II (site IIF) contributed substantially. The effect of Cu depended on substrate and redox site, with effects at sites OF and IIIQo being more pronounced in mitochondria oxidizing pyruvate compared with palmitoylcarnitine. Cu imposed a concentration-saturable effect at site PF but concentration-dependently stimulated H2O2 emission at site EF. The substrate-dependent differences in H2O2 emission and effects of Cu suggest that fuel type and points of entry of electrons into the mitochondrial electron transport system determine the mitochondrial ROS production rate. Importantly, knowledge of sites of mitochondrial ROS production is crucial to the understanding of cardiac dysfunction associated with impaired substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Onukwufor JO, Dirksen RT, Wojtovich AP. Iron Dysregulation in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040692. [PMID: 35453377 PMCID: PMC9027385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal dysfunction, and decreased memory and cognitive function. Iron is critical for neuronal activity, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, and energy homeostasis. Iron accumulation occurs in AD and results in neuronal dysfunction through activation of multifactorial mechanisms. Mitochondria generate energy and iron is a key co-factor required for: (1) ATP production by the electron transport chain, (2) heme protein biosynthesis and (3) iron-sulfur cluster formation. Disruptions in iron homeostasis result in mitochondrial dysfunction and energetic failure. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death mediated by uncontrolled accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, is associated with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. AD pathogenesis is complex with multiple diverse interacting players including Aβ-plaque formation, phosphorylated tau, and redox stress. Unfortunately, clinical trials in AD based on targeting these canonical hallmarks have been largely unsuccessful. Here, we review evidence linking iron dysregulation to AD and the potential for targeting ferroptosis as a therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O. Onukwufor
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.T.D.); (A.P.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.T.D.); (A.P.W.)
| | - Andrew P. Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.T.D.); (A.P.W.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Chemotherapy Resistance: Role of Mitochondrial and Autophagic Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061462. [PMID: 35326612 PMCID: PMC8945922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy resistance is a common occurrence during cancer treatment that cancer researchers are attempting to understand and overcome. Mitochondria are a crucial intracellular signaling core that are becoming important determinants of numerous aspects of cancer genesis and progression, such as metabolic reprogramming, metastatic capability, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, can influence both the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy and the degree of drug resistance. Regardless of the fact that mitochondria are well-known for coordinating ATP synthesis from cellular respiration in cellular bioenergetics, little is known its mitophagy regulation in chemoresistance. Recent advancements in mitochondrial research, mitophagy regulatory mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance are discussed in this review. Abstract Cancer chemotherapy resistance is one of the most critical obstacles in cancer therapy. One of the well-known mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance is the change in the mitochondrial death pathways which occur when cells are under stressful situations, such as chemotherapy. Mitophagy, or mitochondrial selective autophagy, is critical for cell quality control because it can efficiently break down, remove, and recycle defective or damaged mitochondria. As cancer cells use mitophagy to rapidly sweep away damaged mitochondria in order to mediate their own drug resistance, it influences the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy as well as the degree of drug resistance. Yet despite the importance of mitochondria and mitophagy in chemotherapy resistance, little is known about the precise mechanisms involved. As a consequence, identifying potential therapeutic targets by analyzing the signal pathways that govern mitophagy has become a vital research goal. In this paper, we review recent advances in mitochondrial research, mitophagy control mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance.
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54
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Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Parkinson’s Disease. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1491-1502. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Okoye CN, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Anoxia-reoxygenation modulates cadmium-induced liver mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission during oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109227. [PMID: 34728389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are frequently exposed to multiple stressors including low dissolved oxygen (O2) and metals such as cadmium (Cd). Reduced O2 concentration and Cd exposure alter cellular function in part by impairing energy metabolism and dysregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. However, little is known about the role of mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) in ROS homeostasis in fish and its response to environmental stress. In this study, mGPDH activity and the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation (A-RO) and Cd on ROS (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) emission in rainbow trout liver mitochondria during oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) were probed. Trout liver mitochondria exhibited low mGPDH activity that supported a low respiratory rate but substantial H2O2 emission rate. Cd evoked a low concentration stimulatory-high concentration inhibitory H2O2 emission pattern that was blunted by A-RO. At specific redox centers, Cd suppressed H2O2 emission from site IQ, but stimulated emission from sites IIIQo and GQ. In contrast, A-RO stimulated H2O2 emission from site IQ following 15 min exposure and augmented Cd-stimulated emission from site IIF after 30 min exposure but did not alter the rate of H2O2 emission from sites IIIQo and GQ. Additionally, Cd neither altered the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or thioredoxin reductase nor the concentrations of total glutathione, reduced glutathione, or oxidized glutathione. Overall, this study indicates that oxidation of G3P drives ROS production from mGPDH and complexes I, II and III, whereas Cd directly modulates redox sites but not antioxidant defense systems to alter mitochondrial H2O2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Homocysteine-Thiolactone Modulates Gating of Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) and Protects It from Induced Oxidative Stress. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:79-97. [PMID: 35103807 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The gating of the Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) is linked to oxidative stress through increased generation of mitochondrial ROS with increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). It has been already reported that H2O2 increases the single-channel conductance of VDAC on a bilayer lipid membrane. On the other hand, homocysteine (Hcy) has been reported to induce mitochondria-mediated cell death. It is argued that the thiol-form of homocysteine, HTL could be the plausible molecule responsible for the alteration in the function of proteins, such as VDAC. It is hypothesized that HTL interacts with VDAC that causes functional abnormalities. An investigation was undertaken to study the interaction of HTL with VDAC under H2O2 induced oxidative stress through biophysical and electrophysiological methods. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies indicate that HTL interacts with VDAC, but under induced oxidative stress the effect is prevented partially. Similarly, bilayer electrophysiology studies suggest that HTL shows a reduction in VDAC single-channel conductance, but the effects are partially prevented under an oxidative environment. Gly172 and His181 are predicted through bioinformatics tools to be the most plausible binding residues of HTL in Rat VDAC. The binding of HTL and H2O2 with VDAC appears to be cooperative as per our analysis of experimental data in the light of the Hill-Langmuir equation. The binding energies are estimated to be - 4.7 kcal mol-1 and - 2.8 kcal mol-1, respectively. The present in vitro studies suggest that when mitochondrial VDAC is under oxidative stress, the effects of amino acid metabolites like HTL are suppressed.
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57
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Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Liver Injury in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020774. [PMID: 35054960 PMCID: PMC8775426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by the injury, inflammation, and scarring in the liver owing to excessive alcohol consumption. Currently, ALD is a leading cause for liver transplantation. Therefore, extensive studies (in vitro, in experimental ALD models and in humans) are needed to elucidate pathological features and pathogenic mechanisms underlying ALD. Notably, oxidative changes in the liver have been recognized as a signature trait of ALD. Progression of ALD is linked to the generation of highly reactive free radicals by reactions involving ethanol and its metabolites. Furthermore, hepatic oxidative stress promotes tissue injury and, in turn, stimulates inflammatory responses in the liver, forming a pathological loop that promotes the progression of ALD. Accordingly, accumulating further knowledge on the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation may help establish a viable therapeutic approach for treating ALD.
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58
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Mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress during viral infection. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:679-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Watroba M, Szukiewicz D. Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:724506. [PMID: 34899370 PMCID: PMC8656451 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.724506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins may counteract at least six hallmarks of organismal aging: neurodegeneration, chronic but ineffective inflammatory response, metabolic syndrome, DNA damage, genome instability, and cancer incidence. Moreover, caloric restriction is believed to slow down aging by boosting the activity of some sirtuins through activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thus raising the level of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by stimulating NAD+ biosynthesis. Sirtuins and their downstream effectors induce intracellular signaling pathways related to a moderate caloric restriction within cells, mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell senescence phenotype (CSP) induction, and apoptosis as forms of the cellular stress response. Instead, it can promote DNA damage repair and survival of cells with normal, completely functional phenotypes. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of sirtuins action toward cell-conserving phenotype associated with intracellular signaling pathways related to moderate caloric restriction, as well as some tissue-specific functions of sirtuins, especially in the central nervous system, heart muscle, skeletal muscles, liver, kidneys, white adipose tissue, hematopoietic system, and immune system. In this context, we discuss the possibility of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Watroba
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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60
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Ralph SJ. Targeting the redox imbalance in mitochondria: A novel mode for cancer therapy. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:50-73. [PMID: 34758363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels affect many aspects of cell behavior. During carcinogenesis, moderate ROS production modifies gene expression to alter cell function, elevating metabolic activity and ROS. To avoid extreme ROS-activated death, cancer cells increase antioxidative capacity, regulating sustained ROS levels that promote growth. Anticancer therapies are exploring inducing supranormal, cytotoxic oxidative stress levels either inhibiting antioxidative capacity or promoting excess ROS to selectively destroy cancer cells, triggering mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, or ferroptosis. This review exemplifies pro-oxidants (natural/synthetic/repurposed drugs) and their clinical significance as cancer therapies providing revolutionary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Stephen J Ralph
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia.
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Cao L, Zhao J, Xu J, Zhu L, Rahman SU, Feng S, Li Y, Wu J, Wang X. N-acetylcysteine ameliorate cytotoxic injury in piglets sertoli cells induced by zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60276-60289. [PMID: 34156614 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) are two mycotoxins highly detected in agricultural products and feed. Both mycotoxins produce reproductive toxicity and pose a serious threat to human and animal health, among which pigs are the most sensitive animals. Sertoli cells (SCs) play an important role in spermatogenesis; however, the combined toxicity of ZEA and DON and the screening of effective protective agents remains to be determined. By studying the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the cells exposed to 20 μM of ZEA and 0.6 μM of DON, we explored the protective mechanism of NAC (4 mM) on the cytotoxic injury of piglets SCs induced by both mycotoxins. The results showed that the combination of ZEA and DON destroy organelles and SCs structures, NAC significantly alleviates the damage caused by ZEA and DON. NAC also significantly increased the expression and distribution of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), decreased the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax, Bid, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and increased Bcl-2 expression level and inhibited the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, NAC also eases the cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress caused by ZEA and DON. In summary, our results show that NAC could alleviate SCs injury via reducing the oxidative damage and apoptosis caused by ZEA and DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jingru Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Sajid Ur Rahman
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, China.
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Zejnullahu VA, Zejnullahu VA, Kosumi E. The role of oxidative stress in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss: a review. Reprod Health 2021; 18:207. [PMID: 34656123 PMCID: PMC8520213 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) presents one of the main problems in the field of reproductive medicine, due to the unknown etiology in 50% of cases, as well as limited evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Recent studies indicate that systemic and placental oxidative stress (OS) represents an essential factor in the etiopathogenesis of RPL. This article is a comprehensive narrative synthesis of previously published studies concerning the role of oxidative stress in the etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss. METHODS We conducted literature search of published studies in the English language focusing on oxidative stress and its association with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) utilizing the Medline and Cochrane databases from 2000 through January 2021. The keywords used were "recurrent pregnancy loss" "oxidative stress and recurrent pregnancy loss" and "oxidative stress biomarkers and recurrent pregnancy loss". RESULTS The search yielded 1116 publications, of which 92 were included in the final analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) at basal levels have various physiological functions whereas deviation from redox window is associated with different pathologies including early pregnancy loss. The currently available studies support the concept that increased oxidative stress (OS) and deficient antioxidant protection is implicated in the etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) but underlying mechanisms through which OS affects pregnancy outcome remains largely indefinable. CONCLUSIONS Future research in this field can provide new insights regarding the OS-mediated damage in recurrent pregnancy loss as well as potential applications of antioxidant therapy in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vjosa A Zejnullahu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Valon A Zejnullahu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Ernad Kosumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Ryu B, Wong KT, Choong CE, Kim JR, Kim H, Kim SH, Jeon BH, Yoon Y, Snyder SA, Jang M. Degradation synergism between sonolysis and photocatalysis for organic pollutants with different hydrophobicity: A perspective of mechanism and application for high mineralization efficiency. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125787. [PMID: 33862480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies, the fundamental understanding of synergistic mechanisms between sonolysis and photocatalysis for the abatement of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remains uncertain. As different phases formed under ultrasound irradiation, hydrophilic POPs, sulfamethoxazole (SMX, Kow: 0.89), predominantly resides in bulk liquid and is ineffectively degraded by sonolysis (kUS = 3.33 × 10-3 min-1) since <10% of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) formed at the gas-liquid interface of cavitation is diffused into the bulk, whereas the other fraction rapidly recombines into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study provides a proof-of-concept for the mechanism by presenting various analytical results, endorsing the synergistic role of photoexcited electrons in splitting sonolysis-induced H2O2 into ·OH, particularly in the bulk phase. In a sonophotocatalytic system, the hydrophobic POPs such as bisphenol A (BPA) and atrazine (ATZ) were mainly degraded in gas-liquid interface indicated by the low synergistic values correlation compared to SMX [i.e., SMX has a higher synergistic factor, fsyn (3.26) than BPA (1.30) and ATZ (1.35)]. Also, fsyn was found linearly correlated with the contribution factor of photocatalysis to split H2O2. Three times of consecutive kinetics using an effluent of municipal (MP) wastewater spiked by POPs presented >98% POPs and >96% total organic carbon (TOC) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baekha Ryu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Kien Tiek Wong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choe Earn Choong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
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Baran W, Cholewiński M, Sobczak A, Adamek E. A New Mechanism of the Selective Photodegradation of Antibiotics in the Catalytic System Containing TiO 2 and the Inorganic Cations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8696. [PMID: 34445408 PMCID: PMC8395856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of sulfisoxazole (SFF) selective removal by photocatalysis in the presence of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) and iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) was explained and the kinetics and degradation pathways of SFF and other antibiotics were compared. The effects of selected inorganic ions, oxygen conditions, pH, sorption processes and formation of coordination compounds on the photocatalytic process in the presence of TiO2 were also determined. The Fe3+ compounds added to the irradiated sulfonamide (SN) solution underwent surface sorption on TiO2 particles and act as acceptors of excited electrons. Most likely, the SFF degradation is also intensified by organic radicals or cation organic radicals. These radicals can be initially generated by reaction with electron holes, hydroxyl radicals and as a result of electron transfer mediated by iron ions and then participate in propagation processes. The high sensitivity of SFF to decomposition caused by organic radicals is associated with the steric effect and the high bond polarity of the amide substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewa Adamek
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (M.C.); (A.S.)
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Hooe SL, Cook EN, Reid AG, Machan CW. Non-covalent assembly of proton donors and p-benzoquinone anions for co-electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9733-9741. [PMID: 34349945 PMCID: PMC8293985 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-electron and two-proton p-hydroquinone/p-benzoquinone (H2Q/BQ) redox couple has mechanistic parallels to the function of ubiquinone in the electron transport chain. This proton-dependent redox behavior has shown applicability in catalytic aerobic oxidation reactions, redox flow batteries, and co-electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. Under nominally aprotic conditions in non-aqueous solvents, BQ can be reduced by up to two electrons in separate electrochemically reversible reactions. With weak acids (AH) at high concentrations, potential inversion can occur due to favorable hydrogen-bonding interactions with the intermediate monoanion [BQ(AH)m]˙−. The solvation shell created by these interactions can mediate a second one-electron reduction coupled to proton transfer at more positive potentials ([BQ(AH)m]˙− + nAH + e− ⇌ [HQ(AH)(m+n)−1(A)]2−), resulting in an overall two electron reduction at a single potential at intermediate acid concentrations. Here we show that hydrogen-bonded adducts of reduced quinones and the proton donor 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFEOH) can mediate the transfer of electrons to a Mn-based complex during the electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen (O2). The Mn electrocatalyst is selective for H2O2 with only TFEOH and O2 present, however, with BQ present under sufficient concentrations of TFEOH, an electrogenerated [H2Q(AH)3(A)2]2− adduct (where AH = TFEOH) alters product selectivity to 96(±0.5)% H2O in a co-electrocatalytic fashion. These results suggest that hydrogen-bonded quinone anions can function in an analogous co-electrocatalytic manner to H2Q. Non-covalent interactions between reduced p-benzoquinone species and weak acids stabilize intermediates which can switch dioxygen reduction selectivity from H2O2 to H2O for a molecular Mn catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Hooe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Emma N Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Amelia G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
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66
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Mailloux RJ. An update on methods and approaches for interrogating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102044. [PMID: 34157640 PMCID: PMC8220584 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chief ROS formed by mitochondria are superoxide (O2·−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxide is converted rapidly to H2O2 and therefore the latter is the chief ROS emitted by mitochondria into the cell. Once considered an unavoidable by-product of aerobic respiration, H2O2 is now regarded as a central mitokine used in mitochondrial redox signaling. However, it has been postulated that O2·− can also serve as a signal in mammalian cells. Progress in understanding the role of mitochondrial H2O2 in signaling is due to significant advances in the development of methods and technologies for its detection. Unfortunately, the development of techniques to selectively measure basal O2·− changes has been met with more significant hurdles due to its short half-life and the lack of specific probes. The development of sensitive techniques for the selective and real time measure of O2·− and H2O2 has come on two fronts: development of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins and small molecule reporters. In 2015, I published a detailed comprehensive review on the state of knowledge for mitochondrial ROS production and how it is controlled, which included an in-depth discussion of the up-to-date methods utilized for the detection of both superoxide (O2·−) and H2O2. In the article, I presented the challenges associated with utilizing these probes and their significance in advancing our collective understanding of ROS signaling. Since then, many other authors in the field of Redox Biology have published articles on the challenges and developments detecting O2·− and H2O2 in various organisms [[1], [2], [3]]. There has been significant advances in this state of knowledge, including the development of novel genetically encoded fluorescent H2O2 probes, several O2·− sensors, and the establishment of a toolkit of inhibitors and substrates for the interrogation of mitochondrial H2O2 production and the antioxidant defenses utilized to maintain the cellular H2O2 steady-state. Here, I provide an update on these methods and their implementation in furthering our understanding of how mitochondria serve as cell ROS stabilizing devices for H2O2 signaling. Details on the toolkit for interrogating the 12 sites for mitochondrial ROS production. Approaches to assess mitochondrial ROS clearance. Novel genetically encoded H2O2 sensors. Small chemical probes for sensitive detection of O2·−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada.
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67
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Lung Transplantation, Pulmonary Endothelial Inflammation, and Ex-Situ Lung Perfusion: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061417. [PMID: 34200413 PMCID: PMC8229792 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation (LTx) is the gold standard treatment for end-stage lung disease; however, waitlist mortality remains high due to a shortage of suitable donor lungs. Organ quality can be compromised by lung ischemic reperfusion injury (LIRI). LIRI causes pulmonary endothelial inflammation and may lead to primary graft dysfunction (PGD). PGD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality post-LTx. Research into preservation strategies that decrease the risk of LIRI and PGD is needed, and ex-situ lung perfusion (ESLP) is the foremost technological advancement in this field. This review addresses three major topics in the field of LTx: first, we review the clinical manifestation of LIRI post-LTx; second, we discuss the pathophysiology of LIRI that leads to pulmonary endothelial inflammation and PGD; and third, we present the role of ESLP as a therapeutic vehicle to mitigate this physiologic insult, increase the rates of donor organ utilization, and improve patient outcomes.
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68
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Jayaram A, Deer E, Amaral LM, Campbell N, Vaka VR, Cunningham M, Ibrahim T, Cornelius DC, LaMarca BB. The role of tumor necrosis factor in triggering activation of natural killer cell, multi-organ mitochondrial dysfunction and hypertension during pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021; 24:65-72. [PMID: 33677421 PMCID: PMC8681863 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with chronic inflammation, mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction and fetal demise. Natural Killer cells (NK cells) are critical for the innate immune response against tumors or infection by disrupting cellular mt function and causing cell death. Although NK cells can be stimulated by Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), we don't know the role of TNF-α on NK cell mediated mt dysfunction during PE. Our objective was to determine if mechanisms of TNF-α induced hypertension included activation of NK cells and multi-organ mt dysfunction during pregnancy. Pregnant rats were divided into 2 groups: normal pregnant (NP) (n = 18) and NP + TNF-α (n = 18). On gestational day 14, TNF-α (50 ng/ml) was infused via mini-osmotic pump and on day 18, carotid artery catheters were inserted. Blood pressure (MAP) and samples were collected on day 19. TNF-α increased MAP (109 ± 2 vs 100 ± 2, p < 0.05), circulating cytolytic NK cells (0.771 ± 0.328 vs.0.008 ± 0.003% gated, <0.05) and fetal reabsorptions compared to NP rats. Moreover, TNF-α caused mtROS in the placenta (12976 ± 7038 vs 176.9 ± 68.04% fold, p < 0.05) and in the kidney (2191 ± 1027 vs 816 ± 454.7% fold, p < 0.05) compared to NP rats. TNF-α induced hypertension is associated fetal demise, activation of NK cells and multi-organ mt dysfunction which could be mechanisms for fetal demise and hypertension. Understanding of the mechanisms by which TNF-α causes pathology is important for the use of anti-TNF-α therapeutic agents in pregnancies complicated by PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Jayaram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Evangeline Deer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Venkata Ramana Vaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Mark Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Babbette B LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
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Kainoh K, Takano R, Sekiya M, Saito K, Sugasawa T, Ma Y, Murayama Y, Sugano Y, Osaki Y, Iwasaki H, Takeuchi Y, Yahagi N, Suzuki H, Miyamoto T, Nakagawa Y, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H. CtBP2 confers protection against oxidative stress through interactions with NRF1 and NRF2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:146-153. [PMID: 34052660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While molecular oxygen is essential for aerobic organisms, its utilization is inseparably connected with generation of oxidative insults. To cope with the detrimental aspects, cells evolved antioxidative defense systems, and insufficient management of the oxidative insults underlies the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. A battery of genes for this antioxidative defense are regulated by the transcription factors nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 1 and 2 (NRF1 and NRF2). While the regulatory steps for the activation of NRFs have been investigated with particular emphasis on nuclear translocation and proteosomal degradation, unknown redundancy may exist considering the indispensable nature of these defense systems. Here we unraveled that C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2), a transcriptional cofactor with redox-sensing capability, is an obligate partner of NRFs. CtBP2 forms transcriptional complexes with NRF1 and NRF2 that is required to promote the expression of antioxidant genes in response to oxidative insults. Our findings illustrate a basis for understanding the transcriptional regulation of antioxidative defense systems that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kainoh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Takano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Murayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoko Sugano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Osaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Department of Complex Biosystem Research, Division of Research and Development, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Zhao H, Pan X. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ and cell cycle regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 362:171-207. [PMID: 34253295 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated for more than 40 years that intracellular calcium (Ca2+) controls a variety of cellular functions, including mitochondrial metabolism and cell proliferation. Cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuation during key stages of the cell cycle can lead to mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and subsequent activation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a range of signaling. However, the relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+ and cell cycle progression has long been neglected because the molecule responsible for Ca2+ uptake has been unknown. Recently, the identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) has led to key advances. With improved Ca2+ imaging and detection, effects of MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ have been observed at different stages of the cell cycle. Elevated Ca2+ signaling boosts ATP and ROS production, remodels cytosolic Ca2+ pathways and reprograms cell fate-determining networks. These findings suggest that manipulating mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling may serve as a potential strategy in the control of many crucial biological events, such as tumor development and cell division in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling during different stages of the cell cycle and highlight the potential physiological and pathological significance of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China.
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71
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Oxidative Stress and ROS-Mediated Signaling in Leukemia: Novel Promising Perspectives to Eradicate Chemoresistant Cells in Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052470. [PMID: 33671113 PMCID: PMC7957553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid leukemic cells are intrinsically under oxidative stress due to impaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, a common signature of several hematological malignancies. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of aberrant ROS production in myeloid leukemia cells as well as on the redox-dependent signaling pathways involved in the leukemogenic process. Finally, the relevance of new chemotherapy options that specifically exert their pharmacological activity by altering the cellular redox imbalance will be discussed as an effective strategy to eradicate chemoresistant cells.
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72
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Okoye CN, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Modulation of mitochondrial site-specific hydrogen peroxide efflux by exogenous stressors. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:439-456. [PMID: 33383085 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) deprivation and metals are common environmental stressors and their exposure to aquatic organisms can induce oxidative stress by disrupting cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Mitochondria are a major source of ROS in the cell wherein a dozen sites located on enzymes of the electron transport system (ETS) and substrate oxidation produce superoxide anion radicals (O2˙‾) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Sites located on ETS enzymes can generate ROS by forward electron transfer (FET) and reverse electron transfer (RET) reactions; however, knowledge of how exogenous stressors modulate site-specific ROS production is limited. We investigated the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation and cadmium (Cd) on H2O2 emission in fish liver mitochondria oxidizing glutamate-malate, succinate or palmitoylcarnitine-malate. We find that anoxia-reoxygenation attenuates H2O2 emission while the effect of Cd depends on the substrate, with monotonic responses for glutamate-malate and palmitoylcarnitine-malate, and a biphasic response for succinate. Anoxia-reoxygenation exerts a substrate-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial respiration which is more severe with palmitoylcarnitine-malate compared with succinate or glutamate-malate. Additionally, specific mitochondrial ROS-emitting sites were sequestered using blockers of electron transfer and the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation and Cd on H2O2 emission were evaluated. Here, we find that site-specific H2O2 emission capacities depend on the substrate and the direction of electron flow. Moreover, anoxia-reoxygenation alters site-specific H2O2 emission rates during succinate and glutamate-malate oxidation whereas Cd imposes monotonic or biphasic H2O2 emission responses depending on the substrate and site. Contrary to our expectation, anoxia-reoxygenation blunts the effect of Cd. These results suggest that the effect of exogenous stressors on mitochondrial oxidant production is governed by their impact on energy conversion reactions and mitochondrial redox poise. Moreover, direct increased ROS production seemingly does not explain the increased adverse effects associated with combined exposure of aquatic organisms to Cd and low dissolved oxygen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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73
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Zhao H, Li CF, Yong X, Kumar P, Palma B, Hu ZY, Van Tendeloo G, Siahrostami S, Larter S, Zheng D, Wang S, Chen Z, Kibria MG, Hu J. Coproduction of hydrogen and lactic acid from glucose photocatalysis on band-engineered Zn 1-xCd xS homojunction. iScience 2021; 24:102109. [PMID: 33615204 PMCID: PMC7881236 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic transformation of biomass into value-added chemicals coupled with co-production of hydrogen provides an explicit route to trap sunlight into the chemical bonds. Here, we demonstrate a rational design of Zn1-xCdxS solid solution homojunction photocatalyst with a pseudo-periodic cubic zinc blende (ZB) and hexagonal wurtzite (WZ) structure for efficient glucose conversion to simultaneously produce hydrogen and lactic acid. The optimized Zn0.6Cd0.4S catalyst consists of a twinning superlattice, has a tuned bandgap, and displays excellent efficiency with respect to hydrogen generation (690 ± 27.6 μmol·h−1·gcat.−1), glucose conversion (~90%), and lactic acid selectivity (~87%) without any co-catalyst under visible light irradiation. The periodic WZ/ZB phase in twinning superlattice facilitates better charge separation, while superoxide radical (⋅O2-) and photogenerated holes drive the glucose transformation and water oxidation reactions, respectively. This work demonstrates that rational photocatalyst design could realize an efficient and concomitant production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals from glucose photocatalysis. Zn1-xCdxS ZB-WZ homojunction was designed to improve charge separation efficiency Bandgap engineering improved the hydrogen production from glucose photoreforming Optimized Zn0.6Cd0.4S ZB-WZ exhibited high lactic acid yield and selectivity Rational photocatalyst design realizes biomass valorization and H2 coproduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chao-Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Nanostructure Research Centre (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Bruna Palma
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zhi-Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Nanostructure Research Centre (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Gustaaf Van Tendeloo
- Nanostructure Research Centre (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 171Groenenborgerlaan, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Samira Siahrostami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Stephen Larter
- Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Dewen Zheng
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanyu Wang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), CNPC, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Woo J, Cho H, Seol Y, Kim SH, Park C, Yousefian-Jazi A, Hyeon SJ, Lee J, Ryu H. Power Failure of Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration and Its Computational Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:229. [PMID: 33546471 PMCID: PMC7913624 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain needs more energy than other organs in the body. Mitochondria are the generator of vital power in the living organism. Not only do mitochondria sense signals from the outside of a cell, but they also orchestrate the cascade of subcellular events by supplying adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), the biochemical energy. It is known that impaired mitochondrial function and oxidative stress contribute or lead to neuronal damage and degeneration of the brain. This mini-review focuses on addressing how mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. In addition, we discuss state-of-the-art computational models of mitochondrial functions in relation to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Together, a better understanding of brain disease-specific mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress can pave the way to developing antioxidant therapeutic strategies to ameliorate neuronal activity and prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunHyuk Woo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (S.H.K.); (C.P.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.J.H.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyesun Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (S.H.K.); (C.P.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.J.H.)
| | - YunHee Seol
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (S.H.K.); (C.P.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Soon Ho Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (S.H.K.); (C.P.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Chanhyeok Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (S.H.K.); (C.P.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Ali Yousefian-Jazi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (S.H.K.); (C.P.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (S.H.K.); (C.P.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.S.); (S.H.K.); (C.P.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.J.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
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Vangrieken P, Al-Nasiry S, Bast A, Leermakers PA, Tulen CBM, Schiffers PMH, van Schooten FJ, Remels AHV. Placental Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2186-2199. [PMID: 33523425 PMCID: PMC8289780 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia complicates 5–8% of all pregnancies worldwide, and although its pathophysiology remains obscure, placental oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities are considered to play a key role. Mitochondrial abnormalities in preeclamptic placentae have been described, but the extent to which mitochondrial content and the molecular pathways controlling this (mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy) are affected in preeclamptic placentae is unknown. Therefore, in preeclamptic (n = 12) and control (n = 11) placentae, we comprehensively assessed multiple indices of placental antioxidant status, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial fusion and fission. In addition, we also explored gene expression profiles related to inflammation and apoptosis. Preeclamptic placentae were characterized by higher levels of oxidized glutathione, a higher total antioxidant capacity, and higher mRNA levels of the mitochondrial-located antioxidant enzyme manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase 2 compared to controls. Furthermore, mitochondrial content was significantly lower in preeclamptic placentae, which was accompanied by an increased abundance of key constituents of glycolysis. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels of key molecules involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis were lower in preeclamptic placentae, while the abundance of constituents of the mitophagy, autophagy, and mitochondrial fission machinery was higher compared to controls. In addition, we found evidence for activation of apoptosis and inflammation in preeclamptic placentae. This study is the first to comprehensively demonstrate abnormalities at the level of the mitochondrion and the molecular pathways controlling mitochondrial content/function in preeclamptic placentae. These aberrations may well contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by upregulating placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vangrieken
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Leermakers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christy B M Tulen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M H Schiffers
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex H V Remels
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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76
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Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in the Transplanted Lung: A Literature Review. Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e652. [PMID: 33437867 PMCID: PMC7793349 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and primary graft dysfunction are leading causes of morbidity and mortality among lung transplant recipients. Although extensive research endeavors have been undertaken, few preventative and therapeutic treatments have emerged for clinical use. Novel strategies are still needed to improve outcomes after lung transplantation. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of transplanted LIRI, potential modifiable targets, current practices, and areas of ongoing investigation to reduce LIRI and primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients.
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77
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Lee DE, Brown JL, Rosa‐Caldwell ME, Perry RA, Brown LA, Haynie WS, Washington TA, Wiggs MP, Rajaram N, Greene NP. Cancer-induced Cardiac Atrophy Adversely Affects Myocardial Redox State and Mitochondrial Oxidative Characteristics. JCSM RAPID COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 4:3-15. [PMID: 33693448 PMCID: PMC7939061 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cachexia presents in 80% of advanced cancer patients; however, cardiac atrophy in cachectic patients receives little attention. This cardiomyopathy contributes to increased occurrence of adverse cardiac events compared to age-matched population norms. Research on cardiac atrophy has focused on remodeling; however, alterations in metabolic properties may be a primary contributor. PURPOSE Determine how cancer-induced cardiac atrophy alters mitochondrial turnover, mitochondrial mRNA translation machinery and in-vitro oxidative characteristics. METHODS Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumors were implanted in C57BL6/J mice and grown for 28days to induce cardiac atrophy. Endogenous metabolic species, and markers of mitochondrial function were assessed. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in LLC-conditioned media with(out) the antioxidant MitoTempo. Cells were analyzed for ROS, oxidative capacity, and hypoxic resistance. RESULTS LLC heart weights were ~10% lower than controls. LLC hearts demonstrated ~15% lower optical redox ratio (FAD/FAD+NADH) compared to PBS controls. When compared to PBS, LLC hearts showed ~50% greater COX-IV and VDAC, attributed to ~50% lower mitophagy markers. mt-mRNA translation machinery was elevated similarly to markers of mitochondrial content. mitochondrial DNA-encoded Cytb was ~30% lower in LLC hearts. ROS scavengers GPx-3 and GPx-7 were ~50% lower in LLC hearts. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with LLC-conditioned media resulted in higher ROS (25%), lower oxygen consumption rates (10% at basal, 75% at maximal), and greater susceptibility to hypoxia (~25%) -- which was reversed by MitoTempo. CONCLUSION These results substantiate metabolic cardiotoxic effects attributable to tumor-associated factors and provide insight into interactions between mitochondrial mRNA translation, ROS mitigation, oxidative capacity and hypoxia resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Lee
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jacob L. Brown
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Megan E. Rosa‐Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Richard A. Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lemuel A. Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Wesley S. Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tyrone A. Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael P. Wiggs
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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78
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Hyodo F, Ito S, Eto H, Elhelaly AE, Murata M, Akahoshi T, Utsumi H, Matuso M. Free radical imaging of endogenous redox molecules using dynamic nuclear polarisation magnetic resonance imaging. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:343-351. [PMID: 33307891 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1859109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Redox reactions accompanied by the oxidation-reduction of endogenous molecules play important roles in maintaining homeostasis in living organisms. In humans, numerous endogenous molecules that contribute towards maintaining physiological conditions form free radicals via electron transfer. A typical example of this is the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which is involved in energy production. If free radicals derived from endogenous molecules could be visualised and exploited as biological and functional probes, redox reactions mediated by endogenous molecules could be detected non-invasively. We succeeded in visualising the free radicals derived from endogenous molecules using an in vivo dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. In this review, we describe the visualisation of endogenous redox molecules, such as flavins and ubiquinones, which are mitochondrial electron carriers, as well as vitamin E and vitamin C (ascorbate). In addition, we describe the application of melanin free radicals for the in vivo visualisation of metabola without using probes via in vivo DNP-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hinako Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Akahoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Advanced Medical Medicine, Disaster and Emergency medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Utsumi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in moderation positively affects homeostasis through signaling, while in excess it is associated with adverse health outcomes. Both activities are generally attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS); hydrogen peroxide as the signal, and cysteines on regulatory proteins as the target. However, using antioxidants to affect signaling or benefit health has not consistently translated into expected outcomes, or when it does, the mechanism is often unclear. Recent Advances: Reactive sulfur species (RSS) were integral in the origin of life and throughout much of evolution. Sophisticated metabolic pathways that evolved to regulate RSS were easily "tweaked" to deal with ROS due to the remarkable similarities between the two. However, unlike ROS, RSS are stored, recycled, and chemically more versatile. Despite these observations, the relevance and regulatory functions of RSS in extant organisms are generally underappreciated. Critical Issues: A number of factors bias observations in favor of ROS over RSS. Research conducted in room air is hyperoxic to cells, and promotes ROS production and RSS oxidation. Metabolic rates of rodent models greatly exceed those of humans; does this favor ROS? Analytical methods designed to detect ROS also respond to RSS. Do these disguise the contributions of RSS? Future Directions: Resolving the ROS/RSS issue is vital to understand biology in general and human health in particular. Improvements in experimental design and analytical methods are crucial. Perhaps the most important is an appreciation of all the attributes of RSS and keeping an open mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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80
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Silva-Rodrigues T, de-Souza-Ferreira E, Machado CM, Cabral-Braga B, Rodrigues-Ferreira C, Galina A. Hyperglycemia in a type 1 Diabetes Mellitus model causes a shift in mitochondria coupled-glucose phosphorylation and redox metabolism in rat brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:796-806. [PMID: 32949665 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia associated with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1) comorbidity may cause severe complications in several tissues that lead to premature death. These dysfunctions are related, among others, to redox imbalances caused by the uncontrolled cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Brain is potentially prone to develop diabetes complications because of its great susceptibility to oxidative stress. In addition to antioxidant enzymes, mitochondria-coupled hexokinase (mt-HK) plays an essential role in maintaining high flux of oxygen and glucose to control the mitochondrial membrane and redox potential in brain. This redox control is critical for healthy conditions in brain and in the pathophysiological progression of DM1. The mitochondrial and mt-HK contribution in this process is essential to understand the relationship between DM1 complications and the management of the cellular redox balance. Using a rat model of one month of hyperglycemia induced by a single administration intraperitoneally of streptozotocin, we showed in the present work that, in rat brain mitochondria, there is a specifically reduction of the mitochondrial complex I (CI) activity and an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin reductase, which are related to decreased hydrogen peroxide generation, oxygen consumption and mt-HK coupled-to-OxPhos activity via mitochondrial CI. Surprisingly, DM1 increases respiratory parameters and mt-HK activity via mitochondrial complex II (CII). This way, for the first time, we provide evidence that early progression of hyperglycemia, in brain tissue, changes the coupling of glucose phosphorylation at the level of mitochondria by rearranging the oxidative machinery of brain mitochondria towards CII dependent electron harvest. In addition, DM1 increased the production of H2O2 by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase without causing oxidative stress. Finally, DM1 increased the oxidation status of PTEN and decreased the activation of NF-kB in DM1. These results indicate that this reorganization of glucose-oxygen-ROS axis in mitochondria may impact turnover of glucose, brain amino acids, redox and inflammatory signaling. In addition, this reorganization may be involved in early protection mechanisms against the development of cognitive degeneration and neurodegenerative disease, widely associated to mitochondrial CI deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaia Silva-Rodrigues
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Phisiology, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941902, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo de-Souza-Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Phisiology, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941902, Brazil
| | - Caio Mota Machado
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Phisiology, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941902, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cabral-Braga
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)- Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941902, Brazil
| | - Clara Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)- Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941902, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Phisiology, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941902, Brazil.
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81
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Andreasen M, Nedergaard S. Effect of acute mitochondrial dysfunction on hyperexcitable network activity in rat hippocampus in vitro. Brain Res 2020; 1751:147193. [PMID: 33157100 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic stress imposed by epileptic seizures can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, believed to act as positive feedback on epileptogenesis and seizure susceptibility. As the mechanism behind this positive feedback is unclear, the aim of the present study was to investigate the causal link between acute mitochondrial dysfunction and increased seizure susceptibility in hyperexcitable hippocampal networks. Following the induction of spontaneous interictal-like discharges, acute selective pharmacological blockade of either of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes (MRC) I-IV induced seizure-like events (SLE) in 78-100% of experiments. A similar result was obtained by uncoupling the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but not by selective blockade of MRCV (ATP synthase) which did not induce SLE. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (tempol, 2 mM) significantly reduced the proconvulsant effect of blocking MRCI but did not reduce the proconvulsant effect of OXPHOS uncoupling. These findings indicate that acute mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to a convulsive state within a short timeframe, and that increased ROS production makes substantial contribution to such induction in addition to other mitochondrial related factors, which appears to be independent of changes in ROS and ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogens Andreasen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Steen Nedergaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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82
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Shen Y, Wu Q, Shi J, Zhou S. Regulation of SIRT3 on mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110928. [PMID: 33128944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) is a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that is located in mitochondria, regulating mitochondrial proteins and maintaining cellular antioxidant status. Increasing evidence demonstrates that SIRT3 plays a role in degenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a devastating nervous system disease currently with no effective treatments available. Although the etiology of PD is still largely ambiguous, substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play major roles in the pathogenesis of PD. The imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification leads to oxidative stress that can accelerate the progression of PD. By causing conformational changes in the deacetylated proteins SIRT3 modulates the activities and biological functions of a variety of proteins involved in mitochondrial antioxidant defense and various mitochondrial functions. Increasingly more studies have suggested that upregulation of SIRT3 confers beneficial effect on neuroprotection in various PD models. This review discusses the mechanism by which SIRT3 regulates intracellular oxidative status and mitochondrial function with an emphasis in discussing in detail the regulation of SIRT3 on each component of the five complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and mitochondrial antioxidant defense, as well as the pharmacological regulation of SIRT3 in light of therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
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83
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Goncharov NV, Popova PI, Avdonin PP, Kudryavtsev IV, Serebryakova MK, Korf EA, Avdonin PV. Markers of Endothelial Cells in Normal and Pathological Conditions. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2020; 14:167-183. [PMID: 33072245 PMCID: PMC7553370 DOI: 10.1134/s1990747819030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, as well as heart chambers, forming the border between the tissues, on the one hand, and blood or lymph, on the other. Such a strategic position of the endothelium determines its most important functional role in the regulation of vascular tone, hemostasis, and inflammatory processes. The damaged endothelium can be both a cause and a consequence of many diseases. The state of the endothelium is indicated by the phenotype of these cells, represented mainly by (trans)membrane markers (surface antigens). This review defines endothelial markers, provides a list of them, and considers the mechanisms of their expression and the role of the endothelium in certain pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia.,Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, 188663 p.o. Kuz'molovskii, Leningrad oblast Russia
| | - P I Popova
- City Polyclinic no. 19, 142238 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P P Avdonin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Kudryavtsev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia.,Far-East Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - M K Serebryakova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Korf
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P V Avdonin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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84
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Cobley JN. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial ROS Production in Assisted Reproduction: The Known, the Unknown, and the Intriguing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E933. [PMID: 33003362 PMCID: PMC7599503 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consensus that assisted reproduction technologies (ART), like in vitro fertilization, to induce oxidative stress (i.e., the known) belies how oocyte/zygote mitochondria-a major presumptive oxidative stressor-produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with ART being unknown. Unravelling how oocyte/zygote mitochondria produce ROS is important for disambiguating the molecular basis of ART-induced oxidative stress and, therefore, to rationally target it (e.g., using site-specific mitochondria-targeted antioxidants). I review the known mechanisms of ROS production in somatic mitochondria to critique how oocyte/zygote mitochondria may produce ROS (i.e., the unknown). Several plausible site- and mode-defined mitochondrial ROS production mechanisms in ART are proposed. For example, complex I catalyzed reverse electron transfer-mediated ROS production is conceivable when oocytes are initially extracted due to at least a 10% increase in molecular dioxygen exposure (i.e., the intriguing). To address the term oxidative stress being used without recourse to the underlying chemistry, I use the species-specific spectrum of biologically feasible reactions to define plausible oxidative stress mechanisms in ART. Intriguingly, mitochondrial ROS-derived redox signals could regulate embryonic development (i.e., their production could be beneficial). Their potential beneficial role raises the clinical challenge of attenuating oxidative damage while simultaneously preserving redox signaling. This discourse sets the stage to unravel how mitochondria produce ROS in ART, and their biological roles from oxidative damage to redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cobley
- Redox Biology Group, Institute for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
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85
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Bosseboeuf E, Raimondi C. Signalling, Metabolic Pathways and Iron Homeostasis in Endothelial Cells in Health, Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092055. [PMID: 32911833 PMCID: PMC7564205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells drive the formation of new blood vessels in physiological and pathological contexts such as embryonic development, wound healing, cancer and ocular diseases. Once formed, all vessels of the vasculature system present an endothelial monolayer (the endothelium), lining the luminal wall of the vessels, that regulates gas and nutrient exchange between the circulating blood and tissues, contributing to maintaining tissue and vascular homeostasis. To perform their functions, endothelial cells integrate signalling pathways promoted by growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components and signals from mechanosensory complexes sensing the blood flow. New evidence shows that endothelial cells rely on specific metabolic pathways for distinct cellular functions and that the integration of signalling and metabolic pathways regulates endothelial-dependent processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of endothelial functions and the recent advances in understanding the role of endothelial signalling and metabolism in physiological processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis and vascular diseases. Also, we focus on the signalling pathways promoted by the transmembrane protein Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in endothelial cells, its recently discovered role in regulating mitochondrial function and iron homeostasis and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and iron in atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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86
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Xanthine Oxidase/Dehydrogenase Activity as a Source of Oxidative Stress in Prostate Cancer Tissue. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090668. [PMID: 32899343 PMCID: PMC7555171 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most frequent malignancies. Better biomarkers are constantly wanted, such as those which can help with the prediction of cancer behavior. What is also needed is a marker which may serve as a possible therapeutic target. Oxidative stress (OS), which is a hallmark of cancer, is included in the pathogenesis and progression of PC. We have conducted the present study to determine whether xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase activity is the source of OS in prostate tissue. We have also determined the concentration of TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as well as the activity of catalase. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in tumor tissue when compared to the control healthy tissue. The concentration of TBARS (p < 0.001) and AOPP (p < 0.05) are also higher in tumor tissue. Catalase has raised its activity (p < 0.05) versus the control. There is also a strong correlation between XO activity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in the serum. These results indicate a significant role of XO activity in OS in prostate carcinogenesis, and it could be a possible theranostic biomarker, which can be important for a better understanding of the disease, its evolution, and prognosis. A promising treatment may be using XO inhibitors such as allopurinol as adjuvant therapy.
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87
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Manhas N, Duong QV, Lee P, Richardson JD, Robertson JD, Moxley MA, Bazil JN. Computationally modeling mammalian succinate dehydrogenase kinetics identifies the origins and primary determinants of ROS production. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15262-15279. [PMID: 32859750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein complex that links the Krebs cycle to the electron transport system. It can produce significant amounts of superoxide ([Formula: see text]) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); however, the precise mechanisms are unknown. This fact hinders the development of next-generation antioxidant therapies targeting mitochondria. To help address this problem, we developed a computational model to analyze and identify the kinetic mechanism of [Formula: see text] and H2O2 production by SDH. Our model includes the major redox centers in the complex, namely FAD, three iron-sulfur clusters, and a transiently bound semiquinone. Oxidation state transitions involve a one- or two-electron redox reaction, each being thermodynamically constrained. Model parameters were simultaneously fit to many data sets using a variety of succinate oxidation and free radical production data. In the absence of respiratory chain inhibitors, model analysis revealed the 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster as the primary [Formula: see text] source. However, when the quinone reductase site is inhibited or the quinone pool is highly reduced, [Formula: see text] is generated primarily by the FAD. In addition, H2O2 production is only significant when the enzyme is fully reduced, and fumarate is absent. Our simulations also reveal that the redox state of the quinone pool is the primary determinant of free radical production by SDH. In this study, we showed the importance of analyzing enzyme kinetics and associated side reactions in a consistent, quantitative, and biophysically detailed manner using a diverse set of experimental data to interpret and explain experimental observations from a unified perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Manhas
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Quynh V Duong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Pilhwa Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua D Richardson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John D Robertson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael A Moxley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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88
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Kitada M, Xu J, Ogura Y, Monno I, Koya D. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Dysfunction and the Pathogenesis of Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:755. [PMID: 32760286 PMCID: PMC7373076 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide anion (O2•–) is produced by the process of oxidative phosphorylation associated with glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism, resulting in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria. Excess production of reactive oxidants in the mitochondria, including O2•–, and its by-product, peroxynitrite (ONOO–), which is generated by a reaction between O2•– with nitric oxide (NO•), alters cellular function via oxidative modification of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Mitochondria maintain an antioxidant enzyme system that eliminates excess ROS; manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is one of the major components of this system, as it catalyzes the first step involved in scavenging ROS. Reduced expression and/or the activity of Mn-SOD results in diminished mitochondrial antioxidant capacity; this can impair the overall health of the cell by altering mitochondrial function and may lead to the development and progression of kidney disease. Targeted therapeutic agents may protect mitochondrial proteins, including Mn-SOD against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction, and this may consequently lead to the protection of renal function. Here, we describe the biological function and regulation of Mn-SOD and review the significance of mitochondrial oxidative stress concerning the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), with a focus on Mn-SOD dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Itaru Monno
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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89
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Defective endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts and bioenergetics in SEPN1-related myopathy. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:123-138. [PMID: 32661288 PMCID: PMC7853070 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SEPN1-related myopathy (SEPN1-RM) is a muscle disorder due to mutations of the SEPN1 gene, which is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue leading to scoliosis and life-threatening respiratory failure. Core lesions, focal areas of mitochondria depletion in skeletal muscle fibers, are the most common histopathological lesion. SEPN1-RM underlying mechanisms and the precise role of SEPN1 in muscle remained incompletely understood, hindering the development of biomarkers and therapies for this untreatable disease. To investigate the pathophysiological pathways in SEPN1-RM, we performed metabolic studies, calcium and ATP measurements, super-resolution and electron microscopy on in vivo and in vitro models of SEPN1 deficiency as well as muscle biopsies from SEPN1-RM patients. Mouse models of SEPN1 deficiency showed marked alterations in mitochondrial physiology and energy metabolism, suggesting that SEPN1 controls mitochondrial bioenergetics. Moreover, we found that SEPN1 was enriched at the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), and was needed for calcium transients between ER and mitochondria, as well as for the integrity of ER-mitochondria contacts. Consistently, loss of SEPN1 in patients was associated with alterations in body composition which correlated with the severity of muscle weakness, and with impaired ER-mitochondria contacts and low ATP levels. Our results indicate a role of SEPN1 as a novel MAM protein involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics. They also identify a systemic bioenergetic component in SEPN1-RM and establish mitochondria as a novel therapeutic target. This role of SEPN1 contributes to explain the fatigue and core lesions in skeletal muscle as well as the body composition abnormalities identified as part of the SEPN1-RM phenotype. Finally, these results point out to an unrecognized interplay between mitochondrial bioenergetics and ER homeostasis in skeletal muscle. They could therefore pave the way to the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic drugs for SEPN1-RM and for other disorders in which muscle ER-mitochondria cross-talk are impaired.
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90
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Huang Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species cause major oxidative mitochondrial DNA damages and repair pathways. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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91
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Alterations in the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in the Neurodevelopmental Rat Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Glutathione Deficiency during Early Postnatal Life. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060538. [PMID: 32575563 PMCID: PMC7346228 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor, and GBR 12909, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, administered alone or in combination to Sprague-Dawley rats during early postnatal development (p5-p16), on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LP) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione disulfide reductase (GR) in peripheral tissues (liver, kidney) and selected brain structures (prefrontal cortex, PFC; hippocampus, HIP; and striatum, STR) of 16-day-old rats. The studied parameters were analyzed with reference to the content of GSH and sulfur amino acids, methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) described in our previous study. This analysis showed that treatment with a BSO + GBR 12909 combination caused significant decreases in the lipid peroxidation levels in the PFC and HIP, in spite of there being no changes in ROS. The reduction of lipid peroxidation indicates a weakening of the oxidative power of the cells, and a shift in balance in favor of reducing processes. Such changes in cellular redox signaling in the PFC and HIP during early postnatal development may result in functional changes in adulthood.
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92
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De L, Yuan T, Yong Z. ST1926 inhibits glioma progression through regulating mitochondrial complex II. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110291. [PMID: 32526455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor activity of atypical adamantyl retinoid ST1926 has been frequently reported in cancer studies; nevertheless, its effect on glioma has not been fully understood. Mitochondria are critical in regulating tumorigenesis and are defined as a promising target for anti-tumor therapy. In the present study, we found that ST1926 might be a mitochondria-targeting anti-glioma drug. ST1926 showed significantly inhibitory role in the viability of glioma cells mainly through inducing apoptosis and autophagy. The results showed that ST1926 alleviated mitochondria-regulated bioenergetics in glioma cells via reducing ATP production and promoting reactive oxygen species production. Importantly, ST1926 significantly impaired complex II (CII) function, which was associated with the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. In addition, the effects of ST1926 on the induction of apoptosis and ROS were further promoted by the treatment of CII inhibitors, including TTFA and 3-NPA. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments confirmed the role of ST1926 in suppressing xenograft tumor growth with few toxicity. Therefore, ST1926 might be an effective anti-glioma drug through targeting CII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu De
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Tang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Zheng Yong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, China.
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93
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Warraich UEA, Hussain F, Kayani HUR. Aging - Oxidative stress, antioxidants and computational modeling. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04107. [PMID: 32509998 PMCID: PMC7264715 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a degenerative, biological, time-dependent, universally conserved process thus designed as one of the highest known risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Every individual has its own aging mechanisms as both environmental conditions (75%) and genetics (25%) account for aging. Several theories have been proposed until now but not even a single theory solves this mystery. There are still some queries un-answered to the scientific community regarding mechanisms behind aging. However, oxidative stress theory (OST) is considered one of the famous theories that sees mitochondria as one of the leading organelles which largely contribute to the aging process. Many reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced endogenously and exogenously that are associated with aging. But the mitochondrial ROS contribute largely to the aging process as mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress is considered one of the contributors toward aging. Although ROS is known to damage cell machinery, new evidence suggests their role in signal transduction to regulate biological and physiological processes. Moreover, besides mitochondria, other important cell organelles such as peroxisome and endoplasmic reticulum also produce ROS that contribute to aging. However, nature has provided humans with free radical scavengers called antioxidants that protect from harmful effects of ROS. Future predictions regarding aging, biochemical mechanisms involved, biomarkers internal and external factors can be easily done with machine learning algorithms and other computational models. This review explains important aspects of aging, the contribution of ROS producing organelles in aging, importance of antioxidants fighting against ROS, different computational models developed to understand the complexities of the aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umm-e-Ammara Warraich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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94
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Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:363-383. [PMID: 32231263 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2256] [Impact Index Per Article: 564.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
'Reactive oxygen species' (ROS) is an umbrella term for an array of derivatives of molecular oxygen that occur as a normal attribute of aerobic life. Elevated formation of the different ROS leads to molecular damage, denoted as 'oxidative distress'. Here we focus on ROS at physiological levels and their central role in redox signalling via different post-translational modifications, denoted as 'oxidative eustress'. Two species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the superoxide anion radical (O2·-), are key redox signalling agents generated under the control of growth factors and cytokines by more than 40 enzymes, prominently including NADPH oxidases and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. At the low physiological levels in the nanomolar range, H2O2 is the major agent signalling through specific protein targets, which engage in metabolic regulation and stress responses to support cellular adaptation to a changing environment and stress. In addition, several other reactive species are involved in redox signalling, for instance nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxidized lipids. Recent methodological advances permit the assessment of molecular interactions of specific ROS molecules with specific targets in redox signalling pathways. Accordingly, major advances have occurred in understanding the role of these oxidants in physiology and disease, including the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, skeletal muscle and metabolic regulation as well as ageing and cancer. In the past, unspecific elimination of ROS by use of low molecular mass antioxidant compounds was not successful in counteracting disease initiation and progression in clinical trials. However, controlling specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways by selective targeting offers a perspective for a future of more refined redox medicine. This includes enzymatic defence systems such as those controlled by the stress-response transcription factors NRF2 and nuclear factor-κB, the role of trace elements such as selenium, the use of redox drugs and the modulation of environmental factors collectively known as the exposome (for example, nutrition, lifestyle and irradiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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95
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Swain N, Samanta L, Agarwal A, Kumar S, Dixit A, Gopalan B, Durairajanayagam D, Sharma R, Pushparaj PN, Baskaran S. Aberrant Upregulation of Compensatory Redox Molecular Machines May Contribute to Sperm Dysfunction in Infertile Men with Unilateral Varicocele: A Proteomic Insight. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:504-521. [PMID: 31691576 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To understand the molecular pathways involved in oxidative stress (OS)-mediated sperm dysfunction against a hypoxic and hyperthermic microenvironment backdrop of varicocele through a proteomic approach. Results: Protein selection (261) based on their role in redox homeostasis and/or oxidative/hyperthermic/hypoxic stress response from the sperm proteome data set of unilateral varicocele (UV) in comparison with fertile control displayed 85 to be differentially expressed. Upregulation of cellular oxidant detoxification and glutathione and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) metabolism accompanied with downregulation of protein folding, energy metabolism, and heat stress responses were observed in the UV group. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) predicted suppression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) (validated by Western blotting [WB]) along with augmentation in OS and mitochondrial dysfunction in UV. The top affected networks indicated by IPA involved heat shock proteins (HSPs: HSPA2 and HSP90B1). Their expression profile was corroborated by immunocytochemistry and WB. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1A as an upstream regulator of HSPs was predicted by MetaCore. Occurrence of reductive stress in UV spermatozoa was corroborated by thiol redox status. Innovation: This is the first evidence of a novel pathway showing aberrant redox homeostasis against chronic hypoxic insult in varicocele leading to sperm dysfunction. Conclusions: Upregulation of antioxidant system and dysfunctional OXPHOS would have shifted the redox balance of biological redox couples (GSH/GSSG, NAD+/NADH, and NADP+/NADPH) to a more reducing state leading to reductive stress. Chronic reductive stress-induced OS may be involved in sperm dysfunction in infertile men with UV, where the role of HSPs cannot be ignored. Intervention with antioxidant therapy warrants proper prior investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirlipta Swain
- Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Odisha, India.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Luna Samanta
- Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Odisha, India.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Centre for Excellence in Environment and Public Health, Ravenshaw University, Odisha, India
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sugandh Kumar
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Rakesh Sharma
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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96
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Isei MO, Kamunde C. Effects of copper and temperature on heart mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:114-128. [PMID: 31825803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High energy demand for continuous mechanical work and large number of mitochondria predispose the heart to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that may precipitate oxidative stress and heart failure. While mitochondria have been proposed as a unifying cellular target and driver of adverse effects induced by diverse stressful states, there is limited understanding of how heart mitochondrial ROS homeostasis is affected by combinations of stress factors. Thus, we probed the effect of copper (Cu) and thermal stress on ROS (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) emission and elucidated the effects of Cu on ROS production sites in rainbow trout heart mitochondria using the Amplex UltraRed-horseradish peroxidase detection system optimized for our model. Mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate or succinate were incubated at 4, 11 (control) and 23 °C and exposed to a range (1-100 μM) of Cu concentrations. We found that the rates and patterns of H2O2 emission depended on substrate type, Cu concentration and temperature. In mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate, Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission with a spike at 1 μM while temperature had no effect. In contrast, both temperature and Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate with a prominent spike at 25 μM Cu. The rates of H2O2 emission at the three temperatures during the spike imposed by 25 μM Cu were of the order 11 > 23 > 4 °C. Interestingly, 5 μM Cu supressed H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate or malate-glutamate suggesting a common mechanism of action independent of substrate type. In the absence of Cu, the site-specific capacities of H2O2 emission were: complex III outer ubiquinone binding site (site IIIQo) > complex II flavin site (site IIF) ≥ complex I flavin site (site IF) > complex I ubiquinone-binding site (site IQ). Rotenone marginally increased succinate-driven H2O2 emission suggesting either the absence of reverse electron transport (RET)-driven ROS production at site IQ or masking of the expected rotenone response (reduction) by H2O2 produced from other sites. Cu acted at multiple sites in the electron transport system resulting in different site-specific H2O2 emission responses depending on the concentration. Specifically, site IF H2O2 emission was suppressed by Cu concentration-dependently while H2O2 emission by site IIF was inhibited and stimulated by low and high concentrations of Cu, respectively. Additionally, emission from site IIIQo was stimulated by low and inhibited by high Cu concentrations. Overall, our study unveiled distinctive effects and sites of modulation of mitochondrial ROS production by Cu with implications for cardiac redox signaling networks and development of mitochondria-targeted Cu-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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97
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Dogar I, Dixon S, Gill R, Young A, Mallay S, Oldford C, Mailloux RJ. C57BL/6J mice upregulate catalase to maintain the hydrogen peroxide buffering capacity of liver mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:59-69. [PMID: 31639438 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that the upregulation of catalase is required to compensate for the loss of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) to maintain hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) steady-state levels in C57BL/6J liver mitochondria. Our investigations using the closely related mouse strains C57BL/6NJ (6NJ; +NNT) and C57BL/6J (6J; -NNT) revealed that NNT is required for the provision of NADPH and that the upregulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) activity is not enough to compensate for the absence of NNT, which is consistent with previous observations. Intriguingly, despite the absence of NNT, 6J mitochondria had rates of H2O2 production (58.56 ± 3.79 pmol mg-1 min-1) that were similar to samples collected from 6NJ mice (72.75 ± 14.26 pmol mg-1 min-1) when pyruvate served as the substrate. However, 6NJ mitochondria energized with succinate produced significantly less H2O2 (59.95 ± 2.13 pmol mg-1 min-1) when compared to samples from 6J mice (116.39 ± 20.74 pmol mg-1 min-1), an effect that was attributed to the presence of NNT. Further investigations into the H2O2 eliminating capacities of these mitochondria led to the novel observation that 6J mitochondria compensate for the loss of NNT by upregulating catalase. Indeed, 6NJ and 6J mitochondria energized with pyruvate or succinate displayed similar rates for H2O2 elimination, quenching ~84% and ~86% of the H2O2, respectively, in the surrounding medium within 30 s. However, inclusion of palmitoyl-CoA, an NNT inhibitor, significantly limited H2O2 degradation by 6NJ mitochondria only (~55% of H2O2 eliminated in 30 s). Liver mitochondria from 6J mice treated with palmitoyl-CoA still cleared ~80% of the H2O2 from the surrounding environment. Inhibition of catalase with triazole compromised the capacity of 6J mitochondria to maintain H2O2 steady-state levels. By contrast, disabling NADPH-dependent antioxidant systems had a limited effect on the H2O2 clearing capacity of 6J mitochondria. Liver mitochondria collected from 6NJ mice, on the other hand, were more reliant on the GSH and TRX systems to clear exogenously added H2O2. However, catalase still played an integral in eliminating H2O2 in 6NJ liver mitochondria. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated that catalase protein levels were ~7.7-fold higher in 6J mitochondria. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that 6J liver mitochondria compensate for the loss of NNT by increasing catalase levels for the maintenance of H2O2 steady-state levels. In general, our observations reveal that catalase is an integral arm of the antioxidant response in liver mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Dogar
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sarah Dixon
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Robert Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Adrian Young
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sarah Mallay
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Catherine Oldford
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada; The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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98
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Turnbull PC, Dehghani AC, Theriau CF, Connor MK, Perry CGR. Synergistic activation of mitochondrial metabolism and the glutathione redox couple protects HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells from palmitoylcarnitine-induced stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1324-C1329. [PMID: 31618075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00366.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid stress can have divergent effects in various cancers. We explored how metabolic and redox flexibility in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells mediates protection from palmitoylcarnitine. HepG2 cells, along with HCT 116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cells were incubated with 100 μM palmitoylcarnitine for up to 48 h. Mitochondrial H2O2 emission, glutathione, and cell survival were assessed in HT29 and HepG2 cells. 100 μM palmitoylcarnitine promoted early growth in HepG2 cells by ~8% after 48 h versus decreased cell survival observed in HT29 and HCT 116 cells. Palmitoylcarnitine increased mitochondrial respiration at physiological and maximal concentrations of ADP, while lowering cellular lactate content in HepG2 cells, suggesting a switch to mitochondrial metabolism. HepG2 cell growth was associated with an early increase in H2O2 emission by 10 min, followed by a decrease in H2O2 at 24 h that corresponded with increased glutathione content, suggesting a redox-based compensatory mechanism. In contrast, abrogation of HT29 cell proliferation was related to decreased mitochondrial respiration (likely due to cell death) and decreased glutathione. Concurrent glutathione depletion with BSO prevented palmitoylcarnitine-induced growth in HepG2 cells, indicating that glutathione was critical for promoting growth following palmitoylcarnitine. Inhibiting UCP2 with genipin sensitized HepG2 cells to palmitoylcarnitine, suggesting that activation of UCP2 may be a 2nd redox-based mechanism conferring protection. These findings suggest that HepG2 cells possess inherent metabolic and redox flexibility relative to HT29 cells that confers protection from palmitoylcarnitine-induced stress via adaptive increases in mitochondrial respiratory control, glutathione buffering, and induction of UCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Turnbull
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali C Dehghani
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher F Theriau
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael K Connor
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hong JK, Yeo HC, Lakshmanan M, Han SH, Cha HM, Han M, Lee DY. In silico model-based characterization of metabolic response to harsh sparging stress in fed-batch CHO cell cultures. J Biotechnol 2019; 308:10-20. [PMID: 31756358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell culture platform has been successfully implemented for industrial biopharmaceutical production through the advancements in early stage process development including cell-line engineering, media design and process optimization. However, late stage developments such as scale-up, scale-down and large-scale cell cultivation still face many industrial challenges to acquire comparable process performance between different culture scales. One of them is the sparging strategy which significantly affects productivity, quality and comparability. Currently, it is mainly relying on the empirical records due to the lack of theoretical framework and scarcity of available literatures to elucidate intracellular metabolic features. Therefore, it is highly required to characterize the underlying mechanism of physiological changes and metabolic states upon the aeration stress. To this end, initially we cultivated antibody producing CHO cells under mild and harsh sparging conditions and observed that sparging stress leads to the decreased cell growth rate, viability and productivity. Subsequent in silicomodel-driven flux analysis suggested that sparging stress rewires amino acid metabolism towards the enriched H2O2 turnover rate by up-regulated fluxes of amino acid oxidases. Interestingly, many of these H2O2-generating reactions were closely connected with the production of NADH, NADPH and GSH which are typical reducing equivalents. Thus, we can hypothesize that increased amino acid uptake caused by sparging stress contributes to restore redox homeostasis against oxidative stress. The current model-driven systematic data analysis allows us to quickly define distinct metabolic feature under stress condition by using basic cell cultivation datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kwang Hong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, 138668, Singapore
| | - Hock Chuan Yeo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, 138668, Singapore
| | - Meiyappan Lakshmanan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, 138668, Singapore
| | - Sung-Hyuk Han
- Upstream process, GC Pharma R&D center, 107 Ihyun-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16926, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Myoung Cha
- Upstream process, GC Pharma R&D center, 107 Ihyun-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16926, Republic of Korea
| | - Muri Han
- Upstream process, GC Pharma R&D center, 107 Ihyun-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16926, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, 138668, Singapore; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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100
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Fix DK, Washington TA, Greene NP. Muscle alterations in the development and progression of cancer-induced muscle atrophy: a review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 128:25-41. [PMID: 31725360 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia-cancer-associated body weight and muscle loss-is a significant predictor of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients across a variety of cancer types. However, despite the negative prognosis associated with cachexia onset, there are no clinical therapies approved to treat or prevent cachexia. This lack of treatment may be partially due to the relative dearth of literature on mechanisms occurring within the muscle before the onset of muscle wasting. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compile the current scientific literature on mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of cancer cachexia, including protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We define "development" as changes in cell function occurring before the onset of cachexia and "progression" as alterations to cell function that coincide with the exacerbation of muscle wasting. Overall, the current literature suggests that multiple aspects of cellular function, such as protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial quality, are altered before the onset of muscle loss during cancer cachexia and clearly highlights the need to study more thoroughly the developmental stages of cachexia. The studying of these early aberrations will allow for the development of effective therapeutics to prevent the onset of cachexia and improve health outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Dennis K Fix
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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