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Butler AA, Havel PJ. Adropin and insulin resistance: Integration of endocrine, circadian, and stress signals regulating glucose metabolism. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1799-1801. [PMID: 34549523 PMCID: PMC8570992 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatic glucose production (HGP) and glucose disposal leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia results from the declining ability of insulin to reduce HGP and increase glucose disposal, as well as inadequate ß-cell compensation for insulin resistance. Hyperglucagonemia resulting from reduced suppression of glucagon secretion by insulin contributes to hyperglycemia by stimulating HGP. The actions of pancreatic hormones are normally complemented by peptides secreted by cells distributed throughout the body. This regulatory network has provided new therapeutics for obesity and type 2 diabetes (e.g., glucagon-like peptide 1). Other peptide hormones under investigation show promise in preclinical studies. Recent experiments using mice and nonhuman primates indicate the small secreted peptide hormone adropin regulates glucose metabolism. Here, recent expression profiling data indicating hepatic adropin expression increases with oxidative stress and declines with fasting or in the presence of hepatic insulin resistance and how adropin interacts with the pancreatic hormones, insulin, and glucagon to modulate glycemic control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Butler
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Exercise Intervention Mitigates Pathological Liver Changes in NAFLD Zebrafish by Activating SIRT1/AMPK/NRF2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010940. [PMID: 34681600 PMCID: PMC8536011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease that causes serious liver damage. Exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological tool to improve the pathology of NAFLD. However, the antioxidative effects and mechanisms by which exercise ameliorates NAFLD remain unclear. The present study conducted exercise training on zebrafish during a 12-week high-fat feeding period to study the antioxidant effect of exercise on the liver. We found that swimming exercise decreased lipid accumulation and improved pathological changes in the liver of high-fat diet-fed zebrafish. Moreover, swimming alleviated NOX4-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and reduced methanedicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels. We also examined the anti-apoptotic effects of swimming and found that it increased the expression of antiapoptotic factor bcl2 and decreased the expression of genes associated with apoptosis (caspase3, bax). Mechanistically, swimming intervention activated SIRT1/AMPK signaling-mediated lipid metabolism and inflammation as well as enhanced AKT and NRF2 activation and upregulated downstream antioxidant genes. In summary, exercise attenuates pathological changes in the liver induced by high-fat diets. The underlying mechanisms might be related to NRF2 and mediated by SIRT1/AMPK signaling.
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Wang YL, Wu J, Li RX, Sun YT, Ma YJ, Zhao CY, Zou J, Zhang YY, Sun XD. A double-edged sword: The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element pathway targeted pharmacological modulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:281-290. [PMID: 34500407 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals activating the Kelch-like epichlorohydrin (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway are widely used for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because no specific drugs are approved yet. The pathology of NAFLD is summarized as the 'two-hit' hypothesis. The 'first hit' includes insulin resistance and lipid accumulation. Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation are regarded as the 'second hit'. Now there is controversial evidence about the roles of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and its activators in NAFLD. When the 'first hit' occurs, the hepatocyte-specific Nrf2 deficiency reduces insulin resistance and significantly attenuates lipid accumulation. However, when the 'second hit' occurs, Nrf2 activation reduces oxidative stress and combats inflammation. We reviewed the roles of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway as a double-edged sword in the development of NAFLD, its inhibitors as a novel therapeutic approach for early NAFLD, and the nutraceutical character of its activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lun Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Rui-Xi Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yu-Ting Sun
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yi-Jia Ma
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jie Zou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China.
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Zeng D, Wang Y, Chen Y, Li D, Li G, Xiao H, Hou J, Wang Z, Hu L, Wang L, Li J. Angelica Polysaccharide Antagonizes 5-FU-Induced Oxidative Stress Injury to Reduce Apoptosis in the Liver Through Nrf2 Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720620. [PMID: 34485154 PMCID: PMC8415481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic agents causes hepatotoxicity. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been found to have a variety of side effects, but its toxic effect on the liver and the mechanism are still unclear. Angelica polysaccharide (ASP), the main active ingredient of Dang Gui, has antioxidative stress effects. In this study, we investigated the antagonistic effects of ASP on 5-FU-induced injury in the mouse liver and human normal liver cell line MIHA and the possible mechanism. Our results show that ASP inhibited 5-FU-induced the decrease in Bcl-2 protein and the increase in Bax protein. ASP alleviated 5-FU-induced the increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) content; hepatic steatosis; and liver fibrosis. ASP restored 5-FU-induced swelling of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. 5-FU promoted the expression of Keap1 and increased the binding to NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to reduce the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thereby weakening the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 to inhibit the expression of HO-1; reducing the activity of GSH, SOD, and CAT to increase ROS content; and aggravating DNA damage (indicated by the increase in 8-OHdG). However, ASP reversed these reactions. In conclusion, ASP attenuated the 5-FU-induced Nrf2 pathway barrier to reduce oxidative stress injury and thereby inhibit the disorder of lipid anabolism and apoptosis. The study provides a new protectant for reducing the hepatic toxicity caused by 5-FU and a novel target for treating the liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zeng
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanxianzhi Xiao
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiyin Hou
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Czerwińska M, Czarzasta K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. New Peptides as Potential Players in the Crosstalk Between the Brain and Obesity, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:692642. [PMID: 34497533 PMCID: PMC8419452 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.692642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization report published in 2016, 650 million people worldwide suffer from obesity, almost three times more than in 1975. Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation which may impair health with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke), and some cancers. Despite medical advances, cardiovascular complications are still the leading causes of death arising from obesity. Excessive fat accumulation is caused by the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The pathogenesis of this process is complex and not fully understood, but current research is focused on the role of the complex crosstalk between the central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine and immune system including the autonomic nervous system, adipose tissue, digestive and cardiovascular systems. Additionally, special attention has been paid to newly discovered substances: neuropeptide 26RFa, preptin, and adropin. It was shown that the above peptides are synthesized both in numerous structures of the CNS and in many peripheral organs and tissues, such as the heart, adipose tissue, and the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, particular attention has been paid to the role of the presented peptides in the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular system diseases. This review summarizes the role of newly investigated peptides in the crosstalk between brain and peripheral organs in the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Li N, Xie G, Zhou B, Qu A, Meng H, Liu J, Wang G. Serum Adropin as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Individuals With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:696163. [PMID: 34366886 PMCID: PMC8339918 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.696163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adropin, a peptide translated from the Energy Homeostasis Associated gene (ENHO), was mainly expressed in the liver and was a regulator in metabolic and energy homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the correlation between adropin and histological characteristics of the liver, and the clinical relevance of adropin in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods: A total of 62 subjects, including 32 healthy controls and 30 MAFLD patients, were enrolled in this case-control study. The MAFLD patients were further divided into two subgroups, including NGT-M group and T2DM-M group. Serum adropin levels, metabolic parameters and intrahepatic lipids, the liver ENHO mRNA expressions and histological characteristics were investigated. Results: MAFLD patients showed significantly lower circulating adropin compared with healthy controls (2.02 ± 2.92 vs. 5.52 ± 0.65 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis exhibited dramatically declined serum adropin levels in T2DM-M patients compared with NGT-M group (0.51 ± 0.73 vs. 4.00 ± 3.52 ng/mL, P < 0.001). H&E and Oil Red O staining show exacerbated steatohepatitis in T2DM-M patients in contrast with NGT-M group. Furthermore, serum adropin concentrations were negatively correlated with intrahepatic triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and NAFLD activity score (NAS) (TG: r = -0.495; TC: r = -0.392; NAS: r = -0.451; all P < 0.05). Conclusions: MAFLD patients showed significantly lower adropin levels than the healthy controls, especially in T2DM patients. Adropin maybe a potential biomarker for predicting the development of MAFLD, especially in T2DM individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guomin Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- General Surgery Department and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Meng
- General Surgery Department and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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57
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Liu M, Ai J, Shuai Z, Tang K, Li Z, Huang Y. Adropin Alleviates Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Rats: A Preliminary Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:688586. [PMID: 34322528 PMCID: PMC8310998 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.688586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Adropin (ADR) is a novel regulatory polypeptide and has important effects on energy metabolism in the heart. However, it is still unclear whether ADR can relieve ventricular remodeling in DCM. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of ADR on myocardial fibrosis in DCM rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy control group (CON), DCM model group (DCM), DCM model treated with ADR group (ADR) and DCM model treated with perindopril group (PER). Collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular collagen area (PVCA) were calculated. Diastolic function was assessed by echocardiography. The mitochondrial membrane potential assay was conducted by Rhodamine 123 staining. The protein expression levels of Col I, Col III, Mitofusin-1, Mitofusin-2 and Drp1 were evaluated using western blot. Results: Compared to CON group, CVF, PVCA and the relative protein expression of Col I, Col III and Drp1 increased in DCM group. And the relative expression of Mitofusin-1 and Mitofusin-2 proteins decreased. During our investigations, CVF, PVCA and the relative protein expression of Col I, Col III and Drp1 decreased in ADR treated rats compared to DCM group. The diastolic function was elevated in ADR group. The fluorescence of Rhodamine 123 and the expression of Mitofusin-1 and Mitofusin-2 also increased in ADR group. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that ADR could alleviate myocardial fibrosis and improve diastolic function in DCM rats. ADR may be a putative candidate for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiao Ai
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhuang Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Zongyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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58
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Zhao X, Wang J, Deng Y, Liao L, Zhou M, Peng C, Li Y. Quercetin as a protective agent for liver diseases: A comprehensive descriptive review of the molecular mechanism. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4727-4747. [PMID: 34159683 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is the major representative of the flavonoid subgroup of flavones, with good pharmacological activities for the treatment of liver diseases, including liver steatosis, fatty hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. It can significantly influence the development of liver diseases via multiple targets and multiple pathways via antifat accumulation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, as well as the inhibition of cellular apoptosis and proliferation. Despite extensive research on understanding the mechanism of quercetin in the treatment of liver diseases, there are still no targeted therapies available. Thus, we have comprehensively searched and summarized the different targets of quercetin in different stages of liver diseases and concluded that quercetin inhibited inflammation of the liver mainly through NF-κB/TLR/NLRP3, reduced PI3K/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, mTOR activation in autophagy, and inhibited the expression of apoptotic factors associated with the development of liver diseases. In addition, quercetin showed different mechanisms of action at different stages of liver diseases, including the regulation of PPAR, UCP, and PLIN2-related factors via brown fat activation in liver steatosis. The compound inhibited stromal ECM deposition at the liver fibrosis stage, affecting TGF1β, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs), and apoptosis. While at the final liver cancer stage, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and spread via the hTERT, MEK1/ERK1/2, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, quercetin is an effective liver protectant. We hope to explore the pathogenesis of quercetin in different stages of liver diseases through the review, so as to provide more accurate targets and theoretical basis for further research of quercetin in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Das D, Paul A, Lahiri A, Adak M, Maity SK, Sarkar A, Paul S, Chakrabarti P. Proteasome dysfunction under compromised redox metabolism dictates liver injury in NASH through ASK1/PPARγ binodal complementary modules. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102043. [PMID: 34144391 PMCID: PMC8220246 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence of hepatotoxicity following acute drug-induced proteasomal inhibition and development of chronic proteasome dysfunction in obesity and insulin resistance underscores the crucial importance of hepatic protein homeostasis albeit with an elusive molecular basis and therapeutic opportunities. Apart from lipotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, herein we report that hepatocytes are highly susceptible to proteasome-associated metabolic stress attune to altered redox homeostasis. Bortezomib-induced proteasomal inhibition caused severe hepatocellular injury independent of ER stress via proapoptotic Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1)- c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1)- p38 signaling concomitant with inadequate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) -driven antioxidant response. Although inhibition of ASK1 rescued acute hepatotoxicity, hepatic depletion of PPARγ or its physiological activator pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) further aggravated liver injury even under ASK1 inhibition, emphasizing that endogenous PPARγ driven antioxidant activity serves as a prerequisite for the favorable therapeutic outcome of ASK1 inhibition. Consequently, ASK1 inhibitor selonsertib and PPARγ agonist pioglitazone in pharmacological synergism ameliorated bortezomib-induced hepatotoxicity and significantly prolonged survival duration in mice. Moreover, we showed that proteasome dysfunction is associated with ASK1 activation and insufficient PPARγ/Nrf2-driven antioxidative response in a subset of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients and the preclinical NASH model. The latter remains highly responsive to the drug combination marked by revamped proteasomal activity and alleviated hallmarks of NASH such as steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular death. We thus uncovered a pharmacologically amenable interdependent binodal molecular circuit underlying hepatic proteasomal dysfunction and associated oxidative injury. Acute proteasomal inhibition causes severe hepatocellular injury independent of ER stress. Proteasome dysfunction dictates metabolic stress and liver injury in NASH. ASK1 activation steers proteotoxic hepatocellular death under compromised PPARγ activity. Selonsertib and pioglitazone combination therapy prolong survival in proteotoxic hepatic failure. Combination therapy revamped proteasome activity and mitigate liver injury in NASH preclinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Das
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Avishek Paul
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhishake Lahiri
- Division of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Moumita Adak
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujay K Maity
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Division of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
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Liu M, Zheng B, Liu P, Zhang J, Chu X, Dong C, Shi J, Liang Y, Chu L, Liu Y, Han X. Exploration of the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate in mice with arsenic trioxide‑induced acute liver injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:438. [PMID: 33846815 PMCID: PMC8060806 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced hepatotoxicity limits the therapeutic effect of acute myelogenous leukemia treatment. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) is a natural compound extracted from licorice and a hepatoprotective drug used in liver injury. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. The aim of the present study was to identify the protective action and underlying mechanism of MgIG against ATO-induced hepatotoxicity. A total of 50 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=10/group): Control; ATO; MgIG and high- and low-dose MgIG + ATO. Following continuous administration of ATO for 7 days, the relative weight of the liver, liver enzyme, histological data, antioxidant enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell apoptosis and changes in Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) signaling pathway were observed. MgIG decreased liver injury, decreased the liver weight and liver index, inhibited oxidative stress and decreased the activity of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase, production of reactive oxygen species and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Western blotting showed a decrease in Bax and caspase-3. There was decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression. MgIG notably activated ATO-mediated expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 in liver tissue. MgIG administration was an effective treatment to protect the liver from ATO-induced toxicity. MgIG maintained the level of Nrf2 in the liver and protected the antioxidative defense system to attenuate oxidative stress and prevent ATO-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yingran Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yanshuang Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver‑Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
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Boric-Skaro D, Mizdrak M, Luketin M, Martinovic D, Tokic D, Vilovic M, Supe-Domic D, Kurir TT, Bozic J. Serum Adropin Levels in Patients on Hemodialysis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040337. [PMID: 33920330 PMCID: PMC8070137 DOI: 10.3390/life11040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a novel pleotropic peptide involved in energy homeostasis, with possible contribution to cardiovascular protection through production of nitric oxide and subsequent blood pressure regulation. Given that patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are related with high cardiovascular risk, hyperlipidemia, chronic low-grade inflammation, and malnutrition the aim of our study was to investigate serum adropin levels in HD patients to evaluate possible associations with nutritional status and other relevant clinical and laboratory parameters. The study included 70 patients on HD and 60 healthy controls. Serum adropin levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a commercially available diagnostic kit. Serum adropin levels were significantly lower in the HD group compared to the control group (2.20 ± 0.72 vs. 4.05 ± 0.93 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation with malnutrition-inflammation score (r = −0.476, p < 0.001), dialysis malnutrition score (r = −0.350, p = 0.003), HD duration (r = −0.305, p = 0.010), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = −0.646, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between adropin levels and pre-dialysis systolic (r = −0.301, p = 0.011) and diastolic blood pressure (r = −0.299, p = 0.011). These results are implying that adropin is potentially involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic kidney disease (CKD)/HD and its complications. However, future larger scale longitudinal studies need to further address it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Boric-Skaro
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.B.-S.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Maja Mizdrak
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.B.-S.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Mirko Luketin
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.B.-S.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.M.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Daria Tokic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.M.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Daniela Supe-Domic
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.M.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.M.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557-871; Fax: +385-21-557-905
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Yuan T, Sun J, Tian J, Hu J, Yin H, Yin J. Involvement of ABC transporters in the detoxification of non-substrate nanoparticles in lung and cervical cancer cells. Toxicology 2021; 455:152762. [PMID: 33766574 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to systemically investigate the role of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC transporters) in the detoxification of non-substrate nanoparticles including titanium dioxide (n-TiO2, 5-10 nm) and gold (AuNPs, 3 nm, 15 nm, and 80 nm, named as Au-3, Au-15 and Au-80) in human lung cancer (A549) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. All these nanoparticles were of larger hydrophilic diameters than the channel sizes of ABC transporters, thus should not be the substrates of membrane proteins. After 24-h treatment, they induced significant cytotoxicity as reflected by the reduction in cell viability and glutathione (GSH) contents, as well as the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. At median-lethal concentrations (10 mg/L n-TiO2, 2 mg/L Au-3, 5 mg/L Au-15, and 10 mg/L Au-80 for A549 cells; 20 mg/L n-TiO2, 2 mg/L Au-3, 5 mg/L Au-15, and 10 mg/L Au-80 for Hela cells), all the nanoparticles significantly induced the gene expressions and activities of ABC transporters including P-glycoprotein (PGP) and multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1). Addition of transporter inhibitors enhanced the ROS levels produced by nanoparticles, but didn't alter their death-inducing effects and intracellular accumulations. With specific suppressors, transcription factors like nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were proved to be important in the induction of ABC transporters by nanoparticles. After all, this paper revealed a damage-dependent modulation of ABC transporters by non-substrate nanoparticles. The up-regulated ABC transporters could help in reducing the oxidative stress produced by nanoparticles. Such information should be useful in assessing the environmental risk of nanoparticles, as well as their interactions with other chemical toxicants or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongkuo Yuan
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China; Jinan Guo Ke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Sun
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China; Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jia Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Huancai Yin
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China; Jinan Guo Ke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Jian Yin
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China; Jinan Guo Ke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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63
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Huang S, Mo C, Zeng T, Lai Y, Zhou C, Xie S, Chen L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Lupeol ameliorates LPS/D-GalN induced acute hepatic damage by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress through TGFβ1-Nrf2 signal pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6592-6605. [PMID: 33707345 PMCID: PMC7993700 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute hepatic damage is a severe condition characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, which is a serious threat to people's life and health. But there are few effective treatments for acute liver injury. Therefore, safe and effective therapeutic approaches for preventing acute liver damage are urgently needed. Lupeol is a natural compound, which has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in liver disease. However, the protective mechanism of lupeol against acute liver injury remains unclear. Here, zebrafish and mutant mice were utilized to investigate the protective effects of lupeol against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ D-galactosamine(D-GalN) -induced liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. We found that pretreatment with lupeol attenuated the LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also demonstrated that lupeol could protect injured liver from oxidative stress by downregulating the expression of TGFβ1 and upregulating Nrf2. Notably, our experimental results provided the support that lupeol effectively protected against LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury via suppression of inflammation response and oxidative stress, which were largely dependent on the upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway via downregulating TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
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64
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Yang W, Liu L, Wei Y, Fang C, Liu S, Zhou F, Li Y, Zhao G, Guo Z, Luo Y, Li L. Exercise suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice with diet-induced NASH: a plausible role of adropin. J Transl Med 2021; 101:369-380. [PMID: 33268842 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which can be triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributes to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. Exercise is an effective therapeutic strategy for NASH. However, whether exercise prevents NLRP3 activation in NASH has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effect of exercise on NLRP3 inflammasome in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced or methionine and choine-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH and explored whether adropin, a metabolic peptide hormone shown to inhibit inflammation, mediates an exercise-induced benefit against NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Exercise alleviated diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, exercise significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, decreased Caspase-1 enzymatic activity, normalized IL-1β production, and suppressed ROS overproduction in HFD-fed and MCD diet-fed mice. The exercise-elicited NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition was accompanied by increased adropin levels. Moreover, serum adropin levels were negatively correlated with serum IL-1β levels. We further explored the effect of adropin on the NLRP3 inflammasome in palmitic acid (PA)-treated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Although adropin treatment did not significantly decrease the levels of all inflammasome components, it reduced the active Caspase-1 level, decreased Caspase-1 activity and downregulated IL-1β expression in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) treated with PA. Moreover, ROS levels in PA-stimulated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were reduced upon adropin treatment. In summary, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of exercise on NLRP3 inflammasome activation was associated with adropin induction, resulting in NASH improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlu Fang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangming Li
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
- Key Laboratory of sports technique, tactics and physical function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
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65
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Kolben Y, Weksler-Zangen S, Ilan Y. Adropin as a potential mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system-chronobiology axis: Implementing a personalized signature-based platform for chronotherapy. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13108. [PMID: 32720402 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide hormone, which plays a role in energy homeostasis and controls glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Its levels correlate with changes in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, central nervous system function, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. Both metabolic pathways and adropin are regulated by the circadian clocks. Here, we review the roles of the autonomic nervous system and circadian rhythms in regulating metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis. The beneficial effects of chronotherapy in various systems are discussed. We suggest a potential role for adropin as a mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system axis. We discuss the possibility of establishing an individualized adropin and circadian rhythm-based platform for implementing chronotherapy, and variability signatures for improving the efficacy of adropin-based therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Kolben
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hu J, Zhu Z, Ying H, Yao J, Ma H, Li L, Zhao Y. Oleoylethanolamide Protects Against Acute Liver Injury by Regulating Nrf-2/HO-1 and NLRP3 Pathways in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:605065. [PMID: 33536915 PMCID: PMC7848133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.605065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a rapidly deteriorating clinical condition with markedly high morbidity and mortality. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid messenger with multiple bioactivities, and has therapeutic effects on various liver diseases. However, effects of OEA on acute liver injury remains unknown. In this study, effects and mechanisms of OEA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (D-Gal)-induced acute liver injury in mice were investigated. We found that OEA treatment significantly attenuated LPS/D-Gal-induced hepatocytes damage, reduced liver index (liver weight/body weight), decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Moreover, mechanism study suggested that OEA pretreatment significantly reduced hepatic MDA levels, increased Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities via up-regulate Nrf-2 and HO-1 expression to exert anti-oxidation activity. Additionally, OEA markedly reduced the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 to suppress hepatocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, OEA remarkedly reduced the number of activated intrahepatic macrophages, and alleviated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-6, MCP1 and RANTES. Furthermore, OEA obviously reduced the expression of IL-1β in liver and plasma through inhibit protein levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1, which indicated that OEA could suppress NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. We further determined the protein expression of PPAR-α in liver and found that OEA significantly increase hepatic PPAR-α expression. In addition, HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP blocked the therapeutic effects of OEA on LPS/D-Gal-induced liver damage and oxidative stress, suggesting crucial role of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway in the protective effects of OEA in acute liver injury. Together, these findings demonstrated that OEA protect against the LPS/D-Gal-induced acute liver injury in mice through the inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, and its mechanisms might be associated with the Nrf-2/HO-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Hu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhoujie Zhu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hanglu Ying
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Huabin Ma
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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67
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Chen X, Sun X, Shen T, Chen Q, Chen S, Pang J, Mi J, Tang Y, You Y, Xu H, Ling W. Lower adropin expression is associated with oxidative stress and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:191-198. [PMID: 32810635 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Adropin has been reported to be involved in metabolic disorders, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the clinical relevance of adropin expression to the histological severity of NAFLD is unclear. This study aimed to investigate adropin expression in biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. METHODS This case-control study enrolled a total of 109 participants, including 15 normal histological controls, 26 nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), 21 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) subjects and B-ultrasound NAFLD-free normal controls matched to the cases based on age and sex (the case:control ratio was 1:1). Liver biopsies were obtained and histological characteristics were assessed. Primary murine hepatocytes were isolated from C57BL/6J mice and incubated with doses of palmitate to induce oxidative stress. RESULTS The serum adropin level in NASH patients was 9.99 ± 5.51 ng/ml, significantly lower than that in B-ultrasound normal controls (22.70 ± 6.32 ng/ml), histological normal controls (21.93 ± 6.63 ng/ml) and NAFL patients (17.82 ± 6.90 ng/ml). Serum adropin levels were negatively correlated with the histological severity of NAFLD. The lower serum adropin level predicted NASH (area under the ROC curve: 87.1%). Adropin expression in serum and liver was also negatively associated with hepatic MDA and serum 8-iso-PGF2α levels. Furthermore, palmitate rather than oleate induced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner with a gradient decrease in adropin expression in primary murine hepatocytes. Adropin overexpression or treatment ameliorated palmitate-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Circulating adropin was inversely associated with the oxidative stress and histological severity of NAFLD. It may play an important role in the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Tianran Shen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, PR China
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Mi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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68
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Yang W, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Li W, Zhao L, Ren Y, Ou R, Xu Y. Hsa_circ_0048179 attenuates free fatty acid-induced steatosis via hsa_circ_0048179/miR-188-3p/GPX4 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23996-24008. [PMID: 33221744 PMCID: PMC7762518 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to play key roles in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, much about their targets and mechanisms remains unknown. We therefore investigated the actions and mechanisms of hsa_circ_0048179 in an in vitro model of NAFLD. HepG2 cells were exposed to oleate/palmitate (2:1 ratio) for 24 h to induce intracellular lipid accumulation. Using CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, western blotting, RT-qPCR, and Oil red O staining, we found that oleate/palmitate treatment reduced cell viability while increasing apoptosis and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Levels of the antioxidant enzyme GPX4 were decreased in oleate/palmitate-treated HepG2 cells, and there were corresponding increases in reactive oxygen species and damage to mitochondrial cristae. Levels of hsa_circ_0048179 expression were also suppressed by oleate/palmitate treatment, and GPX4 levels were markedly increased in HepG2 cells following transfection with hsa_circ_0048179. Analysis of its mechanism revealed that hsa_circ_0048179 upregulated GPX4 levels by acting as a competitive “sponge” of miR-188-3p and that hsa_circ_0048179 attenuated oleate/palmitate-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by sponging miR-188-3p. Collectively, our findings suggest that hsa_circ_0048179 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of steatosis and may thus be a useful target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinduo Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Rongying Ou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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69
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Abo El Gheit RE, Atef MM, El Deeb OS, Badawi GA, Alshenawy HA, Elwan WM, Arakeep HM, Emam MN. Unique Novel Role of Adropin in a Gastric Ulcer in a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3077-3088. [PMID: 32833426 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, frequently associated with a gastric ulcer. We aimed to investigate the adropin neuroprotective/gastroprotective potential in the indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulcer in a rotenone-induced PD model. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, rotenone/IND treated (PD /Ulcer) group, adropin treated PD/Ulcer group, and l-dopa/omeprazole (Om) treated PD/Ulcer group. There were ten rats selected for the normal control group. Striatal dopamine (DA), apoptosis/redox status, and motor/behavioral impairments were evaluated. Gastric oxidative stress, H+/K+-ATPase activity, prostaglandin E2, mucin content, and von Willebrand factor were measured. Gastric/striatal phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphorylated Akt and gastric vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/striatal P53 immunoreactivities were checked. Striatal P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma)/gastric vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (Vegfr-2) expressions were evaluated. Adropin successfully restored striatal DA and attenuated rotenone-induced motor/behavior deficits along with strong gastroprotective potential, possibly through antioxidant activity via reduction in malondialdehyde level and upregulated superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, and serum ferric reducing antioxidant power. Adropin restored the delicate balance between the defective pro-survival PI3K/Akt/murine double minute 2 signals and apoptotic P53/Puma pathways. Adropin can be considered as a uniquely attractive therapeutic target in PD and its associated gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marwa M. Atef
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Omnia S. El Deeb
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. Badawi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Alshenawy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Walaa M. Elwan
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Arakeep
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Marwa N. Emam
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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Decreased Mitochondrial Function, Biogenesis, and Degradation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients as a Potential Tool for Biomarker Research. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5084-5102. [PMID: 32840822 PMCID: PMC7541388 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial and progressive neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. Due to ALS’s unpredictable onset and progression rate, the search for biomarkers that allow the detection and tracking of its development and therapeutic efficacy would be of significant medical value. Considering that alterations of energy supply are one of ALS’s main hallmarks and that a correlation has been established between gene expression in human brain tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the present work investigates whether changes in mitochondrial function could be used to monitor ALS. To achieve this goal, PBMCs from ALS patients and control subjects were used; blood sampling is a quite non-invasive method and is cost-effective. Different parameters were evaluated, namely cytosolic calcium levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, and metabolic compounds levels, as well as mitochondrial dynamics and degradation. Altogether, we observed lower mitochondrial calcium uptake/retention, mitochondria depolarization, and redox homeostasis deregulation, in addition to a decrease in critical metabolic genes, a diminishment in mitochondrial biogenesis, and an augmentation in mitochondrial fission and autophagy-related gene expression. All of these changes can contribute to the decreased ATP and pyruvate levels observed in ALS PBMCs. Our data indicate that PBMCs from ALS patients show a significant mitochondrial dysfunction, resembling several findings from ALS’ neural cells/models, which could be exploited as a powerful tool in ALS research. Our findings can also guide future studies on new pharmacological interventions for ALS since assessments of brain samples are challenging and represent a relevant limited strategy. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Banerjee S, Ghoshal S, Stevens JR, McCommis KS, Gao S, Castro-Sepulveda M, Mizgier ML, Girardet C, Kumar KG, Galgani JE, Niehoff ML, Farr SA, Zhang J, Butler AA. Hepatocyte expression of the micropeptide adropin regulates the liver fasting response and is enhanced by caloric restriction. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13753-13768. [PMID: 32727846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The micropeptide adropin encoded by the clock-controlled energy homeostasis-associated gene is implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism. However, its links to rhythms of nutrient intake, energy balance, and metabolic control remain poorly defined. Using surveys of Gene Expression Omnibus data sets, we confirm that fasting suppresses liver adropin expression in lean C57BL/6J (B6) mice. However, circadian rhythm data are inconsistent. In lean mice, caloric restriction (CR) induces bouts of compulsive binge feeding separated by prolonged fasting intervals, increasing NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 signaling important for glucose and lipid metabolism regulation. CR up-regulates adropin expression and induces rhythms correlating with cellular stress-response pathways. Furthermore, adropin expression correlates positively with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxokinase-1 (Pck1) expression, suggesting a link with gluconeogenesis. Our previous data suggest that adropin suppresses gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. Liver-specific adropin knockout (LAdrKO) mice exhibit increased glucose excursions following pyruvate injections, indicating increased gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is also increased in primary cultured hepatocytes derived from LAdrKO mice. Analysis of circulating insulin levels and liver expression of fasting-responsive cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways also suggests enhanced responses in LAdrKO mice during a glucagon tolerance test (250 µg/kg intraperitoneally). Fasting-associated changes in PKA signaling are attenuated in transgenic mice constitutively expressing adropin and in fasting mice treated acutely with adropin peptide. In summary, hepatic adropin expression is regulated by nutrient- and clock-dependent extrahepatic signals. CR induces pronounced postprandial peaks in hepatic adropin expression. Rhythms of hepatic adropin expression appear to link energy balance and cellular stress to the intracellular signal transduction pathways that drive the liver fasting response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarbani Ghoshal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph R Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Su Gao
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda
- Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria L Mizgier
- Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludCarrera de Nutrición y Dietética and Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clemence Girardet
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - K Ganesh Kumar
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Jose E Galgani
- Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludCarrera de Nutrición y Dietética and Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael L Niehoff
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Saint Louis University School of Medicine; Research Service, John Cochran Division, Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan A Farr
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Saint Louis University School of Medicine; Research Service, John Cochran Division, Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Missouri, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew A Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA; Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Chen X, Chen S, Shen T, Yang W, Chen Q, Zhang P, You Y, Sun X, Xu H, Tang Y, Mi J, Yang Y, Ling W. Adropin regulates hepatic glucose production via PP2A/AMPK pathway in insulin-resistant hepatocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:10056-10072. [PMID: 32579277 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000115rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adropin as a secretory peptide has shown a protective role on the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the role and mechanism of this peptide on the hepatic glucose production has remained unclear. Adropin knockout (KO) mice were generated to explore its effects on the enhanced hepatic glucose production in obesity. We found that compared to wild-type (WT) mice, adropin-KO mice developed the unbalanced enhanced hepatic glucose production in advance of the whole-body insulin resistance (IR) by high-fat diet (HFD). Mechanistically, adropin dissociated CREB-CRTC2 and FoxO1-PGC1α complex and reduced their binding to the promoters of G6Pase and PEPCK to decrease glucose production in IR. However, these effects were not observed in insulin-sensitive hepatocytes. Furthermore, in IR hepatocytes, dampened AMPK signaling was re-activated by adropin treatment via inhibition of PP2A. To further authenticate AMPK role in vivo, we administrated HFD-fed mice with AAV8-CA AMPKα and found that AMPK activation functionally restored the aberrant glucose production and IR induced by adropin-deficiency. This study provides evidence that adropin activates the AMPK pathway via inhibition of PP2A and decreases the liver glucose production in IR context. Therefore, adropin may represent a novel target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tianran Shen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Laboratory Center for Sport Science and Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Mi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, PR China
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Gentiopicroside Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Accumulation through Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2940746. [PMID: 32655764 PMCID: PMC7317617 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2940746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is closely related to the alleviation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating oxidative stress and lipid homeostasis. Gentiopicroside (GPS), an iridoid glycoside found in the Gentianaceae, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the protective effects of GPS on lipid accumulation and oxidative damage have not been investigated thoroughly in free fatty acid- (FFA-) induced HepG2 cells and tyloxapol- (Ty-) induced hyperlipidemia mice. Cell counting kit-8 assays, Oil Red O staining, Western blotting analysis, extraction of nuclear and cytosolic proteins, and biochemical index assay were employed to explore the mechanisms by which GPS exerts a protective effect on FFA-induced HepG2 cells and Ty-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model. This paper demonstrates that GPS could effectively alleviate NAFLD by elevating cell viability, reducing fatty deposition, downregulating TG, and activating nucleus Nrf2 in FFA-induced HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, GPS significantly regulated the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway, Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and GPS-inhibited sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expression in FFA-stimulated lipid accumulation of HepG2 cells and Ty-treated mice. Interestingly, we highlight that PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) markedly increased the expression of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, PPARα, and downregulated SREBP-1c in FFA-stimulated HepG2 cells. For these reasons, we found that the deletion of Nrf2 could lose the protective effects of GPS on the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and PPARα activation and SREBP-1c inactivation in FFA-stimulated HepG2 cells and Ty-treated mice. GPS treatment had no effect on abnormal lipogenesis and antioxidant enzymes in Ty-induced Nrf2−/− mice. This work gives a new explanation that GPS may be a useful therapeutic strategy for NAFLD through upregulation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, which can alleviate oxidative damage and lipid accumulation.
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74
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Serum adropin levels are reduced in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9264. [PMID: 32518265 PMCID: PMC7283308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a novel peptide mostly associated with energy homeostasis and vascular protection. To our knowledge, there are no studies that investigated its relationship with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of this study was to compare serum adropin levels between 55 patients with IBD (30 Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 25 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients) and 50 age/gender matched controls. Furthermore, we explored adropin correlations with IBD severity scores, hsCRP, fecal calprotectin, fasting glucose and insulin levels. Serum adropin levels were significantly lower in patients with IBD in comparison with the control group (2.89 ± 0.94 vs 3.37 ± 0.60 ng/mL, P = 0.002), while there was no significant difference in comparison of UC patients with CD patients (P = 0.585). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between adropin and fecal calprotectin (r = −0.303, P = 0.025), whereas in the total study population, we found a significant negative correlation with fasting glucose levels (r = −0.222, P = 0.023). A multivariable logistic regression showed that serum adropin was a significant predictor of positive IBD status when enumerated along with baseline characteristics (OR 0.455, 95% CI 0.251–0.823, P = 0.009). Our findings imply that adropin could be involved in complex pathophysiology of IBD, but further larger scale studies are needed to address these findings.
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75
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Pibiri M, Sulas P, Camboni T, Leoni VP, Simbula G. α-Lipoic acid induces Endoplasmic Reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7139. [PMID: 32345994 PMCID: PMC7189383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and a major cause of adult death. The current treatments for HCC suffer from drug resistance and poor prognosis; therefore, novel therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Phytochemicals have been proposed to treat a range of cancers. Among them, α-lipoic acid (α-LA), a naturally synthesized antioxidant found in various dietary animal and plant sources, prevents oxidant-mediated cell death in normal cells while inducing apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. Previously, we demonstrated that the treatment of hepatoma cells with α-LA induced apoptosis, which was preceded by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the p53 protein, a known inducer of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Several studies have shown that ROS-induced apoptosis is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) activation. Herein, we investigated if α-LA-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines was ER stress- and UPR-mediated by gene expression profiling analyses. UPR and ER stress pathways were the most up-regulated after treatment with α-LA. This finding, which has been confirmed by expression analyses of ER- and UPR-associated proteins, provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-tumoral action of α-LA on hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pibiri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pia Sulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tania Camboni
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Simbula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Xiao L, Liang S, Ge L, Wan H, Wu W, Fei J, Wu S, Zhou B, Zeng X. 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester isolated from Lonicera japonica Thunb. targets the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway to attenuate H 2O 2-induced liver oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 70:153219. [PMID: 32361557 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (4,5-CQME) is a caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isolated from Lonicera japonica Thunb., a traditional Chinese medicine. To date, the biological activity of 4,5-CQME has not been fully investigated. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to explore the anti-oxidative activity and the underlying mechanism of 4,5-CQME. METHODS MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of 4,5-CQME. DCFH-DA was used as a fluorescence probe to detect intracellular ROS. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using the fluorescent probe JC-1. MDA and GSH levels were measured using MDA and GSH commercial kits, respectively. Apoptosis assay was performed using the Annexin V-FITC/PI method. The functional mechanism of 4,5-CQME was investigated by analyzing relative signaling pathways through immunofluorescent staining, quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of 4,5-CQME for 12 h before exposure to 500 μM H2O2 for 3 h. 4,5-CQME attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage and had a higher cytoprotective effect than 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, or 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. 4,5-CQME also reduced ROS and MDA levels and rescued GSH depletion. Western blots demonstrated that 4,5-CQME decreased Bax/Bcl-2 and Bak levels. A mechanistic study confirmed that 4,5-CQME significantly suppressed H2O2-induced MAPKs phosphorylation but had little effect on MAPKs phosphorylation under normal conditions. By contrast, 4,5-CQME induced AKT phosphorylation in the presence or absence of H2O2. 4,5-CQME also regulated the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhanced both the mRNA and protein expressions of HO-1 and NQO1. The anti-oxidative effect of 4,5-CQME was greatly abolished by co-incubation with the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 or PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results showed that 4,5-CQME offered significant protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and its effect was in part due to the modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Xiao
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu Liang
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lanlan Ge
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haoqiang Wan
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weigang Wu
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shipin Wu
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Centre Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518037, Guangdong Province, China.
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Lv F, Li N, Kong M, Wu J, Fan Z, Miao D, Xu Y, Ye Q, Wang Y. CDKN2a/p16 Antagonizes Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis by Modulating ROS Levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:176. [PMID: 32266258 PMCID: PMC7105638 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid-storage hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play as pivotal role in liver fibrosis being able to trans-differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to various pro-fibrogenic stimuli. In the present study we investigated the role of CDKN2a/p16, a negative regulator of cell cycling, in HSC activation and the underlying mechanism. Levels of p16 were significantly down-regulated in activated HSCs isolated from mice induced to develop liver fibrosis compared to quiescent HSCs isolated from the control mice ex vivo. There was a similar decrease in p16 expression in cultured HSCs undergoing spontaneous activation or exposed to TGF-β treatment in vitro. More important, p16 down-regulation was observed to correlate with cirrhosis in humans. In a classic model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis, fibrogenesis was far more extensive in mice with p16 deficiency (KO) than the wild type (WT) littermates. Depletion of p16 in cultured HSCs promoted the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Mechanistically, p16 deficiency accelerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HSCs likely through the p38 MAPK signaling. P38 inhibition or ROS cleansing attenuated ECM production in p16 deficient HSCs. Taken together, our data unveil a previously unappreciated role for p16 in the regulation of HSC activation. Screening for small-molecule compounds that can boost p16 activity may yield novel therapeutic strategies against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiao Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhang CH, Xiao Q, Sheng JQ, Liu TT, Cao YQ, Xue YN, Shi M, Cao Z, Zhou LF, Luo XQ, Deng KZ, Chen C. Gegen Qinlian Decoction abates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated liver injuries via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response involved inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110076. [PMID: 32169759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gegen Qilian Decoction (GGQLD) is a well-established classic Chinese medicine prescription in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the molecular mechanism of GGQLD action on NASH is still not clear. This study aimed to assess the anti-NASH effect of GGQLD, and to explore its molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. In HFD-fed rats, GGQLD decreased significantly serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), total bile acid (TBA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), free fatty acid (FFA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, increased levels of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) Ahcy, Gpx1, Mat1a, GNMT, and reduced the expression of ALDOB. In RAW264.7 macrophages, GGQLD reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, and diminished NASH by increasing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) CBS, Mat1a, Hnf4α and Pparα to reduce oxidative stress or lipid metabolism. The results of DEGs verification also showed that GGQLD up-regulated expressions of Hnf4α, Pparα and Cbs genes. In HepG2 cells, GGQLD decreased IL-6 levels and intracellular TG content, and inhibited FFA-induced expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In summary, GGQLD abates NASH associated liver injuries via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response involved inhibition of TLR4 signal pathways. These findings provide new insights into the anti-NASH therapy by GGQLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Qin Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Jun-Qing Sheng
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China.
| | - Tong-Tong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Ying-Qian Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Zheng Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Li-Fen Zhou
- Large Precise Instruments Shared Services Center of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Quan Luo
- Experimental Animal Science and Technology Center of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
| | - Ke-Zhong Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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79
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A Review of Adropin as the Medium of Dialogue between Energy Regulation and Immune Regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3947806. [PMID: 32190172 PMCID: PMC7073478 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3947806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adropin is a secretory protein encoded by the energy balance gene and is closely associated with regulation of energy metabolism and insulin resistance. The clinical findings demonstrated its decreased expression in various inflammatory diseases, its negative correlation with the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and its potential anti-inflammatory effects. We speculate that adropin plays a pivotal regulatory role in immune cells and inflammatory factors. In this study, we reviewed the advances in researches concentrated on immunological effects of adropin.
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80
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Jasaszwili M, Billert M, Strowski MZ, Nowak KW, Skrzypski M. Adropin as A Fat-Burning Hormone with Multiple Functions-Review of a Decade of Research. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030549. [PMID: 32012786 PMCID: PMC7036858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a unique hormone encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated (Enho) gene. Adropin is produced in the liver and brain, and also in peripheral tissues such as in the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, adropin is present in the circulatory system. A decade after its discovery, there is evidence that adropin may contribute to body weight regulation, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and cardiovascular system functions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the physiological, metabolic, and pathophysiological factors regulating Enho as well as adropin. Furthermore, we review the literature addressing the role of adropin in adiposity and type 2 diabetes. Finally, we elaborate on the role of adropin in the context of the cardiovascular system, liver diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariami Jasaszwili
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (M.B.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Maria Billert
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (M.B.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Mathias Z. Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Park-Klinik Weissensee, D-13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Krzysztof W. Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (M.B.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (M.B.); (K.W.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-486-137; Fax: +48-618-487-197
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81
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Gao S, Ghoshal S, Zhang L, Stevens JR, McCommis KS, Finck BN, Lopaschuk GD, Butler AA. The peptide hormone adropin regulates signal transduction pathways controlling hepatic glucose metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13366-13377. [PMID: 31324719 PMCID: PMC6737218 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone adropin regulates energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and plays important roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Besides muscle, the liver has an essential role in regulating glucose homeostasis. Previous studies have reported that treatment of diet-induced obese (DIO) male mice with adropin34-76 (the putative secreted domain) reduces fasting blood glucose independently of body weight changes, suggesting that adropin suppresses glucose production in the liver. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying adropin's effects on hepatic glucose metabolism in DIO mice. Male DIO B6 mice maintained on a high-fat diet received five intraperitoneal injections of adropin34-76 (450 nmol/kg/injection) over a 48-h period. We found that adropin34-76 enhances major intracellular signaling activities in the liver that are involved in insulin-mediated regulation of glucose homeostasis. Moreover, treatment with adropin34-76 alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress responses and reduced activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the liver, explaining the enhanced activities of hepatic insulin signaling pathways observed with adropin34-76 treatment. Furthermore, adropin34-76 suppressed cAMP activated protein kinase A (PKA) activities, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of inositol trisphosphate receptor, which mediates endoplasmic reticulum calcium efflux, and of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, a key transcription factor in hepatic regulation of glucose metabolism. Adropin34-76 directly affected liver metabolism, decreasing glucose production and reducing PKA-mediated phosphorylation in primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro Our findings indicate that major hepatic signaling pathways contribute to the improved glycemic control achieved with adropin34-76 treatment in situations of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada; Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Sarbani Ghoshal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Joseph R Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Andrew A Butler
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104.
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82
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Gai HY, Wu C, Zhang Y, Wang D. Long non-coding RNA CHRF modulates the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via miR-126/SOX6 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:550-557. [PMID: 31060778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains as a major cause for disability and death in the world. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cardiac hypertrophy-related factor (CHRF) has been suggested as a crucial modulator in cardiac injury and various human cancers. Nevertheless, its effects and mechanism on ischemic stroke remains unclear. In this study, we found that CHRF was significantly correlated with miR-126, and miR-126 expression was decreased in the ischemic core following ischemia, while CHRF expression was increased according to the in vivo and in vitro experiments. Additionally, miR-126 significantly reduced oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-triggered apoptosis using TUNEL and flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, CHRF played as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and competed with Sex-determining region Y box 6 (SOX6) to direct binding with miR-126, subsequently regulating ischemic neuronal death. CHRF knockdown in vivo markedly prevented ischemic damage and alleviated neurological dysfunctions. Thereby, these results revealed a new molecular mechanism of lncRNA CHRF through targeting miR-126/SOX6 signaling to modulate ischemic neuronal injury, providing solid evidence to develop promising therapeutic strategies against cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yun Gai
- Department of Encephalopathy, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710021, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinjiang PLA Urumqi General Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xian, Shanxi, 710021, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Third Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an City, Shanxi, 710038, China.
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