51
|
Carrillo B, Collado P, Díaz F, Chowen JA, Grassi D, Pinos H. Blocking of Estradiol Receptors ERα, ERβ and GPER During Development, Differentially Alters Energy Metabolism in Male and Female Rats. Neuroscience 2019; 426:59-68. [PMID: 31805254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol not only participates in the regulation of energy metabolism in adulthood, but also during the first stages of life as it modulates the alterations induced by under- and over-nutrition. The objectives of the present study were to determine: 1) If estradiol is involved in the normal programming of energy metabolism in rats; 2) If there is a specific window of time for this programming and 3) If males and females are differentially vulnerable to the action of this hormone. Estrogen receptors (ER) α, ERβ and GPER were blocked by their specific antagonists MPP, PHTPP and G15, respectively, from postnatal day (P) 1 (the day of birth) to P5 or from P5 to P13. Physiological parameters such as body weight, fat depots and caloric intake were then analysed at P90. Hypothalamic AgRP, POMC, MC4R, ERα, ERβ and GPER mRNA levels and plasma levels of estradiol, were also studied. We found that blocking ER receptors from P5 to P13 significantly decreases long-term body weight in males and hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels in females. The blocking of ERs from P1 to P5 only affected plasma estradiol levels in females. The present results indicate programming actions of estradiol from P5 to P13 on body weight in male and POMC expression in female rats and emphasize the importance of including both sexes in metabolic studies. It is necessary to unravel the mechanisms that underlie the actions of estradiol on food intake, both during development and in adulthood, and to determine how this programming differentially takes place in males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Carrillo
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Instituto Mixto de Investigación Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS).
| | - Paloma Collado
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Instituto Mixto de Investigación Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS).
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65 28009 Madrid, Spain, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC.
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65 28009 Madrid, Spain, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC.
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Department of Preclinical odontology, Faculty of Biomedical Science and Health Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Helena Pinos
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Instituto Mixto de Investigación Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS).
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Sievers W, Rathner JA, Kettle C, Zacharias A, Irving HR, Green RA. The capacity for oestrogen to influence obesity through brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:592-602. [PMID: 31890250 PMCID: PMC6934433 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions to aid weight loss have historically targeted either appetite suppression or increased metabolic rate. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) possesses the capacity to expend energy in a futile cycle, thus increasing basal metabolic rate. In animal models, oestrogen has been implicated in the regulation of body weight, and it is hypothesized that oestrogen is acting by modulating BAT metabolism. A systematic search was performed, to identify research articles implementing in vivo oestrogen-related interventions and reporting outcome measures that provide direct or indirect measures of BAT metabolism. Meta-analyses were conducted where sufficient data were available. The final library of 67 articles were predominantly in rodent models and provided mostly indirect measures of BAT metabolism. Results of this review found that oestrogen's effects on body weight, in rats and possibly mice, are likely facilitated by both metabolic and appetitive mechanisms but are largely only found in ovariectomized models. There is a need for further studies to clarify the potential effects of oestrogen on BAT metabolism in gonad-intact and castrated male animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Will Sievers
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Joseph A. Rathner
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christine Kettle
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Helen R. Irving
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rodney A. Green
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Velasco I, León S, Barroso A, Ruiz-Pino F, Heras V, Torres E, León M, Ruohonen ST, García-Galiano D, Romero-Ruiz A, Sánchez-Garrido MA, Ohlsson C, Castellano JM, Roa J, Poutanen M, Pinilla L, Vázquez MJ, Tena-Sempere M. Gonadal hormone-dependent vs. -independent effects of kisspeptin signaling in the control of body weight and metabolic homeostasis. Metabolism 2019; 98:84-94. [PMID: 31226351 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptins, encoded by Kiss1, have emerged as essential regulators of puberty and reproduction by primarily acting on GnRH neurons, via their canonical receptor, Gpr54. Mounting, as yet fragmentary, evidence strongly suggests that kisspeptin signaling may also participate in the control of key aspects of body energy and metabolic homeostasis. However, characterization of such metabolic dimension of kisspeptins remains uncomplete, without an unambiguous discrimination between the primary metabolic actions of kisspeptins vs. those derived from their ability to stimulate the secretion of gonadal hormones, which have distinct metabolic actions on their own. In this work, we aimed to tease apart primary vs. secondary effects of kisspeptins in the control of key aspects of metabolic homeostasis using genetic models of impaired kisspeptin signaling and/or gonadal hormone status. METHODS Body weight (BW) gain and composition, food intake and key metabolic parameters, including glucose tolerance, were comparatively analyzed, in lean and obesogenic conditions, in mice lacking kisspeptin signaling due to global inactivation of Gpr54 (displaying profound hypogonadism; Gpr54-/-) vs. Gpr54 null mice with selective re-introduction of Gpr54 expression only in GnRH cells (Gpr54-/-Tg), where kisspeptin signaling elsewhere than in GnRH neurons is ablated but gonadal function is preserved. RESULTS In male mice, global elimination of kisspeptin signaling resulted in decreased BW, feeding suppression and increased adiposity, without overt changes in glucose tolerance, whereas Gpr54-/- female mice displayed enhanced BW gain at adulthood, increased adiposity and perturbed glucose tolerance, despite reduced food intake. Gpr54-/-Tg rescued mice showed altered postnatal BW gain in males and mildly perturbed glucose tolerance in females, with intermediate phenotypes between control and global KO animals. Yet, body composition and leptin levels were similar to controls in gonadal-rescued mice. Exposure to obesogenic insults, such as high fat diet (HFD), resulted in exaggerated BW gain and adiposity in global Gpr54-/- mice of both sexes, and worsening of glucose tolerance, especially in females. Yet, while rescued Gpr54-/-Tg males displayed intermediate BW gain and feeding profiles and impaired glucose tolerance, rescued Gpr54-/-Tg females behaved as controls, except for a modest deterioration of glucose tolerance after ovariectomy. CONCLUSION Our data support a global role of kisspeptin signaling in the control of body weight and metabolic homeostasis, with a dominant contribution of gonadal hormone-dependent actions. However, our results document also discernible primary effects of kisspeptin signaling in the regulation of body weight gain, feeding and responses to obesogenic insults, which occur in a sexually-dimorphic manner. SUMMARY OF TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Kisspeptins, master regulators of reproduction, may also participate in the control of key aspects of body energy and metabolic homeostasis; yet, the nature of such metabolic actions remains debatable, due in part to the fact that kisspeptins modulate gonadal hormones, which have metabolic actions on their own. By comparing the metabolic profiles of two mouse models with genetic inactivation of kisspeptin signaling but different gonadal status (hypogonadal vs. preserved gonadal function), we provide herein a systematic dissection of gonadal-dependent vs. -independent metabolic actions of kisspeptins. Our data support a global role of kisspeptin signaling in the control of body weight and metabolic homeostasis, with a dominant contribution of gonadal hormone-dependent actions. However, our results document also discernible primary effects of kisspeptin signaling in the regulation of body weight gain, feeding and responses to obesogenic insults, which occur in a sexually-dimorphic manner. These data pave the way for future analyses addressing the eventual contribution of altered kisspeptin signaling in the development of metabolic alterations, especially in conditions linked to reproductive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Velasco
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia León
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Encarnación Torres
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María León
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - David García-Galiano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sánchez-Garrido
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan M Castellano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Liu Q, Li R, Chen G, Wang J, Hu B, Li C, Zhu X, Lu Y. Inhibitory effect of 17β‑estradiol on triglyceride synthesis in skeletal muscle cells is dependent on ESR1 and not ESR2. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5087-5096. [PMID: 31059046 PMCID: PMC6522926 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and the mechanisms underlying 17β-estradiol (E2) effects on triglyceride synthesis and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissues and cells. Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed on 6-month-old female rats treated with or without E2. Subsequently, various serum biochemical markers were measured. Additionally, pathological alterations of the uterus, liver and skeletal muscle were analyzed, and the content of triglycerides (TG) in muscle was detected. Differentiated myotubes formed by C2C12 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) or pretreated with E2, estrogen receptor (ESR) 1 agonist propylpyrazoletriol (PPT) and ESR2 agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN). Subsequently, the mRNA or protein expression levels of ESR1/2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), CD36 molecule (CD36), fatty acid synthase (FASN), perilipin 2 (PLIN2), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (p-ACACA), p-AKT serine/threonine kinase (p-AKT) and p-mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (p-MAPK8) were analyzed in skeletal muscle or in C2C12 cells by reverse transcription-semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The present results suggested that treatment with E2 inhibited OVX-induced body weight gain, TG accumulation and insulin resistance. The protein or mRNA expression levels of ESR1, CD36, PPARα, p-ACACA and p-AKT were decreased, whereas the protein or mRNA expression levels of ESR2, PLIN2, FASN and p-MAPK8 were increased in the OVX group. Of note, treatment with E2 restored the expression levels of the aforementioned factors. In C2C12 cells, treatment with E2 or PPT reversed the alterations induced by treatment with PA. In contrast, pretreatment with DPN did not influence the effect of PA. Collectively, E2 was able to interact with ESR1, thus activating the CD36-PPARα pathway, decreasing the level of TG in the muscles and improving insulin resistance in skeletal muscles and C2C12 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Class 2014, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Class 2014, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- Center of Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Dalian Maple International School, Dalian, Liaoning 116100, P.R. China
| | - Bingfeng Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Class 2014, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Chaofei Li
- The Comprehensive Laboratory, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Lu
- The Comprehensive Laboratory, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Goyette SR, Schott E, Uwimana A, Nelson DW, Boganski J. Detection of the steroid receptor interacting protein, PAK6, in a neuronal cell line. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01294. [PMID: 30923762 PMCID: PMC6423815 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PAK6 is a Group II p21 activated kinase that unlike traditional signal transduction proteins interacts with multiple binding partners including sex-steroid receptors. PAK6 acts as a nodal checkpoint integrating multiple cellular inputs to promote distinct cellular outcomes, some of which are associated with cytoskeletal remodeling. Despite the possibility that PAK6 may couple sex-specific neuronal function and therefore serve as a valuable research, diagnostic and therapeutic target, there is currently no standardized protocol for assessing PAK6 activity in a neuronal cell line. Here, we present a protocol for assessing PAK6 levels in a commonly used neuronal cell line, PC-12. In comparison with other methodology, this approach (1) does not require ex-planted tissue to identify PAK6 in neurons and (2) unlike other protocols which require steroid depleted media for detection of PAK6 in non-neuronal cell lines, such as prostate cancer cell lines, we were easily able to detect PAK6 in PC-12 cells grown in complete, steroid-containing media. Thus the present protocol allows for the efficient detection of native PAK6 in PC-12 cells to expedite targeted basic research of the emerging importance of PAK6 function in the brain as well as to accelerate the identification and isolation of potential therapeutic targets not only in cancerous but brain disease states as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Schott
- Shields Science Center, Stonehill College, Easton MA, 02357, USA
| | | | - David W Nelson
- Shields Science Center, Stonehill College, Easton MA, 02357, USA
| | - Jacob Boganski
- Shields Science Center, Stonehill College, Easton MA, 02357, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Martin-Jiménez C, Gaitán-Vaca DM, Areiza N, Echeverria V, Ashraf GM, González J, Sahebkar A, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Astrocytes Mediate Protective Actions of Estrogenic Compounds after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:142-160. [PMID: 30391959 DOI: 10.1159/000495078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem. It may result in severe neurological disabilities and in a variety of cellular metabolic alterations for which available therapeutic strategies are limited. In the last decade, the use of estrogenic compounds, which activate protective mechanisms in astrocytes, has been explored as a potential experimental therapeutic approach. Previous works have suggested estradiol (E2) as a neuroprotective hormone that acts in the brain by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). Several steroidal and nonsteroidal estrogenic compounds can imitate the effects of estradiol on ERs. These include hormonal estrogens, phytoestrogens and synthetic estrogens, such as selective ER modulators or tibolone. Current evidence of the role of astrocytes in mediating protective actions of estrogenic compounds after TBI is reviewed in this paper. We conclude that the use of estrogenic compounds to modulate astrocytic properties is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Martin-Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Milena Gaitán-Vaca
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Areiza
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Universidad San Sebastián, Fac. Cs de la Salud, Concepción, Chile
- Research and Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, Florida, USA
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia,
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
González-García I, Contreras C, Estévez-Salguero Á, Ruíz-Pino F, Colsh B, Pensado I, Liñares-Pose L, Rial-Pensado E, Martínez de Morentin PB, Fernø J, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Le Stunff H, Magnan C, Tena-Sempere M, López M. Estradiol Regulates Energy Balance by Ameliorating Hypothalamic Ceramide-Induced ER Stress. Cell Rep 2018; 25:413-423.e5. [PMID: 30304681 PMCID: PMC6198289 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has shown that, besides its putative effect on the regulation of the gonadal axis, estradiol (E2) exerts a dichotomic effect on the hypothalamus to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. The anorectic effect of E2 is mainly mediated by its action on the arcuate nucleus (ARC), whereas its effects on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis occur in the ventromedial nucleus (VMH). Here, we demonstrate that central E2 decreases hypothalamic ceramide levels and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pharmacological or genetic blockade of ceramide synthesis and amelioration of ER stress selectively occurring in the VMH recapitulate the effect of E2, leading to increased BAT thermogenesis, weight loss, and metabolic improvement. These findings demonstrate that E2 regulation of ceramide-induced hypothalamic lipotoxicity and ER stress is an important determinant of energy balance, suggesting that dysregulation of this mechanism may underlie some changes in energy homeostasis seen in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael González-García
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Ánxela Estévez-Salguero
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruíz-Pino
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Benoit Colsh
- CEA-Centre d'Etude de Saclay, Laboratoire d'étude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Iván Pensado
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Laura Liñares-Pose
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Eva Rial-Pensado
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Pablo B Martínez de Morentin
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 9197, Université Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France; Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75205, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75205, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, 14004, Spain; FiDiPro Program, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Fedson DS. Influenza, evolution, and the next pandemic. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2018:260-269. [PMID: 30455951 PMCID: PMC6234328 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mortality rates in influenza appear to have been shaped by evolution. During the 1918 pandemic, mortality rates were lower in children compared with adults. This mortality difference occurs in a wide variety of infectious diseases. It has been replicated in mice and might be due to greater tolerance of infection, not greater resistance. Importantly, combination treatment with inexpensive and widely available generic drugs (e.g. statins and angiotensin receptor blockers) might change the damaging host response in adults to a more tolerant response in children. These drugs might work by modifying endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial biogenesis and immunometabolism. Treating the host response might be the only practical way to reduce global mortality during the next influenza pandemic. It might also help reduce mortality due to seasonal influenza and other forms of acute critical illness. To realize these benefits, we need laboratory and clinical studies of host response treatment before and after puberty.
Collapse
|
59
|
Idelevich A, Baron R. Brain to bone: What is the contribution of the brain to skeletal homeostasis? Bone 2018; 115:31-42. [PMID: 29777919 PMCID: PMC6110971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain, which governs most, if not all, physiological functions in the body, from the complexities of cognition, learning and memory, to the regulation of basal body temperature, heart rate and breathing, has long been known to affect skeletal health. In particular, the hypothalamus - located at the base of the brain in close proximity to the medial eminence, where the blood-brain-barrier is not as tight as in other regions of the brain but rather "leaky", due to fenestrated capillaries - is exposed to a variety of circulating body cues, such as nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids), and hormones (insulin, glucagon, leptin, adiponectin) [1-3].Information collected from the body via these peripheral cues is integrated by hypothalamic sensing neurons and glial cells [4-7], which express receptors for these nutrients and hormones, transforming these cues into physiological outputs. Interestingly, many of the same molecules, including leptin, adiponectin and insulin, regulate both energy and skeletal homeostasis. Moreover, they act on a common set of hypothalamic nuclei and their residing neurons, activating endocrine and neuronal systems, which ultimately fine-tune the body to new physiological states. This review will focus exclusively on the brain-to-bone pathway, highlighting the most important anatomical sites within the brain, which are known to affect bone, but not covering the input pathways and molecules informing the brain of the energy and bone metabolic status, covered elsewhere [8-10]. The discussion in each section will present side by side the metabolic and bone-related functions of hypothalamic nuclei, in an attempt to answer some of the long-standing questions of whether energy is affected by bone remodeling and homeostasis and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Idelevich
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Endocrine Unit MGH, Division of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Endocrine Unit MGH, Division of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Leon S, Velasco I, Vázquez MJ, Barroso A, Beiroa D, Heras V, Ruiz-Pino F, Manfredi-Lozano M, Romero-Ruiz A, Sanchez-Garrido MA, Dieguez C, Pinilla L, Roa J, Nogueiras R, Tena-Sempere M. Sex-Biased Physiological Roles of NPFF1R, the Canonical Receptor of RFRP-3, in Food Intake and Metabolic Homeostasis Revealed by its Congenital Ablation in mice. Metabolism 2018; 87:87-97. [PMID: 30075164 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RF-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone, operates as inhibitory signal for the reproductive axis. Recently, RFRP-3 has been also suggested to stimulate feeding, and therefore might contribute to the control of body weight and its alterations. Yet, characterization of the metabolic actions of RFRP-3 has been so far superficial and mostly pharmacological. Here, we aim to investigate the physiological roles of RFRP-3 signaling in the control of feeding and metabolic homeostasis using a novel mouse model of genetic ablation of its canonical receptor, NPFF1R. METHODS Food intake, body weight gain and composition, and key metabolic parameters, including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, were monitored in mice with constitutive inactivation of NPFF1R. RESULTS Congenital elimination of NPFF1R in male mice resulted in changes in feeding patterns, with a decrease in spontaneous food intake and altered responses to leptin and ghrelin: leptin-induced feeding suppression was exaggerated in NPFF1R null mice, whereas orexigenic responses to ghrelin were partially blunted. Concordant with this pro-anorectic phenotype, hypothalamic expression of Pomc was increased in NPFF1R null mice. In contrast, spontaneous feeding and neuropeptide expression remained unaltered in NPFF1R KO female mice. Despite propensity for reduced feeding, ablation of NPFF1R signaling in male mice did not cause overt alterations in body weight (BW) gain or composition, neither it affected BW responses to high fat diet (HFD), total energy expenditure or RQ ratios. Yet, NPFF1R KO males showed a decrease in locomotor activity. Conversely, NPFF1R null female mice tended to be heavier and displayed exaggerated BW increases in response to obesogenic insults, such as HFD or ovariectomy. These were associated to increased fat mass, decreased total energy expenditure in HFD, and unaltered RQ ratios or spontaneous locomotor activity. Finally, lack of NPFF1R signaling worsened the metabolic impact of HFD on glycemic homeostasis in males, as revealed by impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, while female mice remained unaffected. CONCLUSION Our data support a discernible orexigenic role of NPFF1R signaling selectively in males, which might modulate the effects of leptin and ghrelin on food intake. In addition, our study is the first to disclose the sex-biased, deleterious impact of the lack of NPFF1R signaling on body weight and fat composition, energy expenditure, locomotor activity and glucose balance, which exaggerates some of the metabolic consequences of concurrent obesogenic insults, such as HFD, in a sexually dimorphic manner. SUMMARY OF TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Our data are the first to document the nature and magnitude of the regulatory actions of RFRP-3/NPFF1R signaling in the control of feeding and metabolic homeostasis in a physiological setting. Our results not only suggest an orexigenic action of endogenous RFRP-3, specifically in males, but reveal also the detrimental impact of ablation of NPFF1R signaling on body composition, energy expenditure, locomotor activity or glucose balance, especially when concurrent with other obesogenic insults, as HFD, thereby providing the first evidence for additional metabolic effects of RFRP-3, other that the mere control of feeding. Interestingly, alterations of such key metabolic parameters occurred in a sex-biased manner, with males being more sensitive to deregulation of locomotor activity and glycemic control, while females displayed clearer obesogenic responses and deregulated energy expenditure. While our study cannot discard the possibility of RFRP-3 actions via alternative pathways, such as NPFF2R, our data pave the way for future analyses addressing the eventual contribution of altered RFRP-3/NPFF1R signaling in the development of metabolic alterations (including obesity and its comorbidities), especially in conditions associated to reproductive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Leon
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Velasco
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Manfredi-Lozano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sanchez-Garrido
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; FiDiPro Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Sahu M, Anamthathmakula P, Sahu A. Hypothalamic PDE3B deficiency alters body weight and glucose homeostasis in mouse. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:93-105. [PMID: 30307157 PMCID: PMC6190684 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies have suggested hypothalamic phosphodiesterase-3B to mediate leptin and insulin action in regulation of energy homeostasis. Whereas Pde3b-null mice show altered energy homeostasis, it is unknown whether this is due to ablation of Pde3b in the hypothalamus. Thus, to address the functional significance of hypothalamic phosphodiesterase-3B, we used Pde3bflox/flox and Nkx2.1-Cre mice to generate Pde3b Nkx2.1KD mice that showed 50% reduction of phosphodiesterase-3B in the hypothalamus. To determine the effect of partial ablation of phosphodiesterase-3B in the hypothalamus on energy and glucose homeostasis, males and females were subjected to either a low- or high-fat diet for 19–21 weeks. Only female but not male Pde3b Nkx2.1KD mice on the low-fat diet showed increased body weight from 13 weeks onward with increased food intake, decreased fat pad weights and hypoleptinemia. Glucose tolerance was improved in high-fat diet-fed male Pde3b Nkx2.1KD mice in association with decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA levels in the liver. Also, insulin sensitivity was increased in male Pde3b Nkx2.1KD mice on the low-fat diet. Changes in body weight or in glucose homeostasis were not associated with any alteration in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin, neuropepide Y and agouti-related peptide mRNA levels. These results suggest that partial loss of phosphodiesterase-3B in the hypothalamus produces a sex-specific response in body weight and glucose homeostasis, and support a role, at least in part, for hypothalamic phosphodiesterase-3B in regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitrayee Sahu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prashanth Anamthathmakula
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abhiram Sahu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Konings G, Brentjens L, Delvoux B, Linnanen T, Cornel K, Koskimies P, Bongers M, Kruitwagen R, Xanthoulea S, Romano A. Intracrine Regulation of Estrogen and Other Sex Steroid Levels in Endometrium and Non-gynecological Tissues; Pathology, Physiology, and Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:940. [PMID: 30283331 PMCID: PMC6157328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the intracrine (or local) regulation of estrogen and other steroid synthesis and degradation expanded in the last decades, also thanks to recent technological advances in chromatography mass-spectrometry. Estrogen responsive tissues and organs are not passive receivers of the pool of steroids present in the blood but they can actively modify the intra-tissue steroid concentrations. This allows fine-tuning the exposure of responsive tissues and organs to estrogens and other steroids in order to best respond to the physiological needs of each specific organ. Deviations in such intracrine control can lead to unbalanced steroid hormone exposure and disturbances. Through a systematic bibliographic search on the expression of the intracrine enzymes in various tissues, this review gives an up-to-date view of the intracrine estrogen metabolisms, and to a lesser extent that of progestogens and androgens, in the lower female genital tract, including the physiological control of endometrial functions, receptivity, menopausal status and related pathological conditions. An overview of the intracrine regulation in extra gynecological tissues such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, brain, colon and bone is given. Current therapeutic approaches aimed at interfering with these metabolisms and future perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonda Konings
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Linda Brentjens
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bert Delvoux
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Karlijn Cornel
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Marlies Bongers
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roy Kruitwagen
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sofia Xanthoulea
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Romano
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Liu Z, Cheng Y, Luan Y, Zhong W, Lai H, Wang H, Yu H, Yang Y, Feng N, Yuan F, Huang R, He Z, Zhang F, Yan M, Yin H, Guo F, Zhai Q. Short-term tamoxifen treatment has long-term effects on metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice with involvement of Nmnat2 in POMC neurons. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3305-3316. [PMID: 30192985 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-term tamoxifen treatment has effects on lipid and glucose metabolism in mice fed chow. However, its effects on metabolism in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that tamoxifen treatment for 5 days decreases fat mass for as long as 18 weeks in mice fed HFD. Tamoxifen alters mRNA levels of some genes involved in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue and improves glucose and insulin tolerance as well as hepatic insulin signaling for 12-20 weeks. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron-specific deletion of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (Nmnat2) attenuates the effects of tamoxifen on glucose and insulin tolerance. These data demonstrate that short-term injection of tamoxifen has long-term effects on lipid and glucose metabolism in HFD mice with involvement of Nmnat2 in POMC neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuling Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejin Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yale Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishui He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
González-García I, Martínez de Morentin PB, Estévez-Salguero Á, Contreras C, Romero-Picó A, Fernø J, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C, Tena-Sempere M, Tovar S, López M. mTOR signaling in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus mediates the anorectic action of estradiol. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:177-186. [PMID: 29914932 PMCID: PMC6055430 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that estradiol (E2), the main ovarian steroid, modulates energy balance by regulating both feeding and energy expenditure at the central level, through the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We hypothesized that the hypothalamic mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a well-established nutrient sensor and modulator of appetite and puberty, could also mediate the anorectic effect of E2. Our data showed that ovariectomy (OVX) elicited a marked downregulation of the mTOR signaling in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), an effect that was reversed by either E2 replacement or central estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonism. The significance of this molecular signaling was given by the genetic inactivation of S6 kinase B1 (S6K1, a key downstream mTOR effector) in the ARC, which prevented the E2-induced hypophagia and weight loss. Overall, these data indicate that E2 induces hypophagia through modulation of mTOR pathway in the ARC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael González-García
- Department of PhysiologyCiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo B Martínez de Morentin
- Department of PhysiologyCiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ánxela Estévez-Salguero
- Department of PhysiologyCiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of PhysiologyCiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amparo Romero-Picó
- Department of PhysiologyCiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone LaboratoryHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of PhysiologyCiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of PhysiologyCiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell BiologyPhysiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina SofíaCórdoba, Spain
- FiDiPro ProgramUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sulay Tovar
- Department of PhysiologyCiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of PhysiologyCiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the main cellular energy sensor. Activated following a depletion of cellular energy stores, AMPK will restore the energy homoeostasis by increasing energy production and limiting energy waste. At a central level, the AMPK pathway will integrate peripheral signals (mostly hormones and metabolites) through neuronal networks. Hypothalamic AMPK is directly implicated in feeding behaviour, brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). It also participates in other metabolic functions: glucose and muscle metabolisms, as well as hepatic function. Numerous anti-obesity and/or antidiabetic agents, such as nicotine, metformin and liraglutide, are known to induce their effects through a modulation of AMPK pathway, either at central or at peripheral levels. Moreover, the weight-gaining side effects of antipsychotic drugs, such as olanzapine, are also mediated by hypothalamic AMPK. Therefore, considering hypothalamic AMPK as a therapeutic target in metabolic diseases appears as an interesting strategy due to its implication in feeding and energy expenditure, the two sides of the energy balance equation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zych M, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I, Wojnar W, Folwarczna J. The Effects of Sinapic Acid on the Development of Metabolic Disorders Induced by Estrogen Deficiency in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9274246. [PMID: 29967666 PMCID: PMC6008867 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9274246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sinapic acid is a natural phenolic acid found in fruits, vegetables, and cereals, exerting numerous pharmacological effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of sinapic acid on biochemical parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as markers of antioxidant abilities and parameters of oxidative damage in the blood serum in estrogen-deficient rats. The study was performed on 3-month-old female Wistar rats, divided into 5 groups, including sham-operated control rats, ovariectomized control rats, and ovariectomized rats administered orally with estradiol (0.2 mg/kg) or sinapic acid (5 and 25 mg/kg) for 28 days. The levels of estradiol, progesterone, interleukin 18, insulin, glucose, fructosamine, lipids, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione); total antioxidant capacity; and oxidative damage parameters (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein carbonyl groups, and advanced oxidation protein products) were determined in the serum. Estradiol counteracted the carbohydrate and cholesterol metabolism disorders induced by estrogen deficiency. Sinapic acid increased the serum estradiol concentration; decreased insulin resistance and the triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations; and favorably affected the parameters of antioxidant abilities (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase) and oxidative damage (advanced oxidation protein products).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Folwarczna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Xu Y, López M. Central regulation of energy metabolism by estrogens. Mol Metab 2018; 15:104-115. [PMID: 29886181 PMCID: PMC6066788 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogenic actions in the brain prevent obesity. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms may facilitate development of new obesity therapies. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review focuses on the critical brain regions that mediate effects of estrogens on food intake and/or energy expenditure, the molecular signals that are involved, and the functional interactions between brain estrogens and other signals modulating metabolism. Body weight regulation by estrogens in male brains will also be discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS 17β-estradiol acts in the brain to regulate energy homeostasis in both sexes. It can inhibit feeding and stimulate brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. A better understanding of the central actions of 17β-estradiol on energy balance would provide new insight for the development of therapies against obesity in both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Abstract
Due to declining estrogen levels during menopause, NAFLD prevalence is higher in postmenopausal women compared to in premenopausal women or in men. Postmenopausal women are more susceptible to weight gain, fat redistribution and dyslipidemia, all major hallmarks of metabolic syndrome associated with increased NAFLD risk. Gut microbiota plays important roles in development of gastrointestinal tract, metabolism and immunity. Host-microbe interactions allows regulation of a wide range of pathways that affect healthy and diseased physiology. Recent advances in - omics technologies, such as microbiome, transcriptome and metabolome analysis, provided evidence that estrogens and intestinal microbiota (IM) can collectively influence obesity, inflammatory disease, diabetes, and cancers. By understanding underlying mechanisms of estrogens and microbiota crosstalk, we might design dietary and pharmacological interventions to alleviate the metabolic syndrome and NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Franssen D, Tena-Sempere M. The kisspeptin receptor: A key G-protein-coupled receptor in the control of the reproductive axis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:107-123. [PMID: 29678280 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The kisspeptin receptor, Kiss1R, also known as Gpr54, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), deorphanized in 2001, when it was recognized as canonical receptor for the Kiss1-derived peptides, kisspeptins. In 2003, inactivating mutations of Kiss1R gene were first associated to lack of pubertal maturation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and rodents. These seminal findings pointed out the previously unsuspected, essential role of Kiss1R and its ligands in control of reproductive maturation and function. This contention has been fully substantiated during the last decade by a wealth of clinical and experimental data, which has documented a fundamental function of the so-called Kiss1/Kiss1R system in the regulation of puberty onset, gonadotropin secretion and ovulation, as well as the metabolic and environmental modulation of fertility. In this review, we provide a succinct summary of some of the most salient facets of Kiss1R, as essential GPCR for the proper maturation and function of the reproductive axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Franssen
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; FiDiPro Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Vieira JO, Duarte JO, Costa-Ferreira W, Morais-Silva G, Marin MT, Crestani CC. Sex differences in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and behavioral changes evoked by chronic stressors in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:426-437. [PMID: 28823849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological, somatic and behavioral changes evoked by daily exposure to the same type of stressor (homotypic) or different aversive stressor stimuli (heterotypic) in male and female rats. For this, adult Wistar rats were subjected to a 10days regimen of repeated restraint stress (RRS, homotypic stressor) or chronic variable stress (CVS, heterotypic stressor). Effects evoked by CVS included: (i) adrenal hypertrophy and decreased body weight gain in male animals, (ii) a sympathetically-mediated increase in basal heart rate in males, and (iii) a rise in plasma corticosterone concentration and anxiogenic effects in female animals. The homotypic stressor RRS also induced an increase in plasma corticosterone and anxiogenic effects in females, decreased body weight gain in males and evoked a sympathetically-mediated increase in heart rate in both sexes. Changes in cardiovascular function and autonomic activity evoked by both stressors were followed by impairment of baroreflex activity in males, but not female animals. Both chronic stressors evoked changes in blood pressure responsiveness to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents in both sexes. Taken together, these results indicate that regardless of chronic stress regimen males are more vulnerable to somatic effects of chronic stressors, while females appear to be more susceptible to neuroendocrine and behavioral changes. Present findings also indicate that females are selectively vulnerable to cardiovascular and autonomic changes evoked by homotypic stressors. Nevertheless, homotypic and heterotypic stressors similarly affect cardiovascular function and autonomic activity in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Vieira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gessynger Morais-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Marin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Pinos H, Carrillo B, Díaz F, Chowen JA, Collado P. Differential vulnerability to adverse nutritional conditions in male and female rats: Modulatory role of estradiol during development. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 48:13-22. [PMID: 28754628 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown the importance of an adequate nutritional environment during development to optimally establish the neurohormonal circuits that regulate feeding behavior. Under- or over-nutrition during early stages of life can lead to alterations in the physiology and brain networks that control food intake, resulting in a greater vulnerability to suffer maladjustments in energy metabolism in adulthood. These alterations produced by under- or over-nourishment during development differ between males and females, as does the modulatory action that estradiol exerts on the alterations produced by malnutrition. Estradiol regulates metabolism and brain metabolic circuits through the same transcription factor pathway, STAT3, that leptin and ghrelin use to program feeding circuits. Although more research is needed to disentangle the actual role of estradiol during development on the programming of feeding circuits, a synergistic role together with leptin and/or ghrelin might be hypothesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pinos
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Spain
| | - Beatriz Carrillo
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Collado
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
A Herbal Formula HT051, a Combination of Pueraria lobata and Rehmannia glutinosa, Prevents Postmenopausal Obesity in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8641535. [PMID: 29441115 PMCID: PMC5758942 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8641535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is strongly associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunctions due to the decline in estrogen. Here, we hypothesized that dietary HT051, containing the roots of Pueraria lobata and Rehmannia glutinosa, has beneficial effects on ovariectomized (OVX) rats by regulating lipid metabolism. Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham-operated (Sham), OVX, OVX with low-dose HT051 supplementation, and OVX with high-dose HT051 supplementation. The rats were fed with a modified AIN-93G diet or an HT051-containing modified AIN-93G diet for 8 weeks. Body weight, fat mass, and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase decreased in HT051-fed OVX rats. Dietary HT051 supplementation significantly decreased the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase, and increased the mRNA expression of β-oxidation-related genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 in the liver of OVX rats. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and inflammation was significantly lower in the adipose tissue of OVX rats fed with HT051 than in the OVX group. These findings suggest that HT051 may be a potential natural alternative for the management of postmenopausal metabolic dysfunctions.
Collapse
|
73
|
Sample CH, Davidson TL. Considering sex differences in the cognitive controls of feeding. Physiol Behav 2017; 187:97-107. [PMID: 29174819 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Women are disproportionately affected by obesity, and obesity increases women's risk of developing dementia more so than men. Remarkably little is known about how females make decisions about when and how much to eat. Research in animal models with males supports a framework in which previous experiences with external food cues and internal physiological energy states, and the ability to retrieve memories of the consequences of eating, determines subsequent food intake. Additional evidence indicates that consumption of a high-fat, high-sugar diet interferes with hippocampal-dependent mnemonic processes that operate to suppress eating, such as in situations of satiety. Recent findings also indicate that weakening this form of hippocampal-dependent inhibitory control may also extend to other forms of learning and memory, perpetuating a vicious cycle of increased Western diet intake, hippocampal dysfunction, and further impairments in the suppression of appetitive behavior that may ultimately disrupt other types of memorial interference resolution. How these basic learning and memory processes operate in females to guide food intake has received little attention. Ovarian hormones appear to protect females from obesity and metabolic impairments, as well as modulate learning and memory processes, but little is known about how these hormones modulate learned appetitive behavior. Even less is known about how a sex-specific environmental factor - widespread hormonal contraceptive use - affects associative learning and the regulation of food intake. Extending learned models of food intake to females will require considerably investigation at many levels (e.g., reproductive status, hormonal compound, parity). This work could yield critical insights into the etiology of obesity, and its concomitant cognitive impairment, for both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille H Sample
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Terry L Davidson
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Leeners B, Geary N, Tobler PN, Asarian L. Ovarian hormones and obesity. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:300-321. [PMID: 28333235 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake, i.e. eating and energy expenditure (EE). Severe obesity is more prevalent in women than men worldwide, and obesity pathophysiology and the resultant obesity-related disease risks differ in women and men. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Pre-clinical and clinical research indicate that ovarian hormones may play a major role. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We systematically reviewed the clinical and pre-clinical literature on the effects of ovarian hormones on the physiology of adipose tissue (AT) and the regulation of AT mass by energy intake and EE. SEARCH METHODS Articles in English indexed in PubMed through January 2016 were searched using keywords related to: (i) reproductive hormones, (ii) weight regulation and (iii) central nervous system. We sought to identify emerging research foci with clinical translational potential rather than to provide a comprehensive review. OUTCOMES We find that estrogens play a leading role in the causes and consequences of female obesity. With respect to adiposity, estrogens synergize with AT genes to increase gluteofemoral subcutaneous AT mass and decrease central AT mass in reproductive-age women, which leads to protective cardiometabolic effects. Loss of estrogens after menopause, independent of aging, increases total AT mass and decreases lean body mass, so that there is little net effect on body weight. Menopause also partially reverses women's protective AT distribution. These effects can be counteracted by estrogen treatment. With respect to eating, increasing estrogen levels progressively decrease eating during the follicular and peri-ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Progestin levels are associated with eating during the luteal phase, but there does not appear to be a causal relationship. Progestins may increase binge eating and eating stimulated by negative emotional states during the luteal phase. Pre-clinical research indicates that one mechanism for the pre-ovulatory decrease in eating is a central action of estrogens to increase the satiating potency of the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin. Another mechanism involves a decrease in the preference for sweet foods during the follicular phase. Genetic defects in brain α-melanocycte-stimulating hormone-melanocortin receptor (melanocortin 4 receptor, MC4R) signaling lead to a syndrome of overeating and obesity that is particularly pronounced in women and in female animals. The syndrome appears around puberty in mice with genetic deletions of MC4R, suggesting a role of ovarian hormones. Emerging functional brain-imaging data indicates that fluctuations in ovarian hormones affect eating by influencing striatal dopaminergic processing of flavor hedonics and lateral prefrontal cortex processing of cognitive inhibitory controls of eating. There is a dearth of research on the neuroendocrine control of eating after menopause. There is also comparatively little research on the effects of ovarian hormones on EE, although changes in ovarian hormone levels during the menstrual cycle do affect resting EE. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The markedly greater obesity burden in women makes understanding the diverse effects of ovarian hormones on eating, EE and body adiposity urgent research challenges. A variety of research modalities can be used to investigate these effects in women, and most of the mechanisms reviewed are accessible in animal models. Therefore, human and translational research on the roles of ovarian hormones in women's obesity and its causes should be intensified to gain further mechanistic insights that may ultimately be translated into novel anti-obesity therapies and thereby improve women's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Leeners
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstr. 10, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nori Geary
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lori Asarian
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Nadal A, Quesada I, Tudurí E, Nogueiras R, Alonso-Magdalena P. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the regulation of energy balance. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:536-546. [PMID: 28524168 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Energy balance involves the adjustment of food intake, energy expenditure and body fat reserves through homeostatic pathways. These pathways include a multitude of biochemical reactions, as well as hormonal cues. Dysfunction of this homeostatic control system results in common metabolism-related pathologies, which include obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) are a particular class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that affect energy homeostasis. MDCs affect multiple endocrine mechanisms and thus different cell types that are implicated in metabolic control. MDCs affect gene expression and the biosynthesis of key enzymes, hormones and adipokines that are essential for controlling energy homeostasis. This multifaceted spectrum of actions precludes compensatory responses and favours metabolic disorders. Herein, we review the main mechanisms used by MDCs to alter energy balance. This work should help to identify new MDCs, as well as novel targets of their action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Tudurí
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avda. Barcelona s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avda. Barcelona s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Calle San Francisco s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Skrede S, González-García I, Martins L, Berge RK, Nogueiras R, Tena-Sempere M, Mellgren G, Steen VM, López M, Fernø J. Lack of Ovarian Secretions Reverts the Anabolic Action of Olanzapine in Female Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:1005-1012. [PMID: 29020342 PMCID: PMC5716078 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olanzapine is an orexigenic antipsychotic drug associated with serious metabolic adverse effects in humans. Development of valid rodent models for antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects is hampered by the fact that such effects occur in females only. Estradiol is a predominant female hormone that regulates energy balance. We hypothesized that the female-specific hyperphagia and weight gain induced by olanzapine in the rat are dependent on the presence of estrogens. METHODS Female sham-operated or ovariectomized rats were treated with a single injection of olanzapine depot formulation. Food intake, body weight, plasma lipids, lipogenic gene expression, energy expenditure, and thermogenic markers including brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 protein levels were measured. Olanzapine was also administered to ovariectomized rats receiving estradiol replacement via the subcutaneous (peripheral) or intracerebroventricular route. RESULTS Orexigenic effects of olanzapine were lost in ovariectomized female rats. Ovariectomized rats treated with olanzapine had less pronounced weight gain than expected from their food intake. Accordingly, brown adipose tissue temperature and protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 were elevated. Replacement in ovariectomized rats with either peripherally or centrally administered estradiol reduced food intake and body weight. Cotreatment with olanzapine blocked the anorexigenic effect of peripheral, but not central estradiol. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the ovarian hormone estradiol plays an important role in olanzapine-induced hyperphagia in female rats and pinpoint the complex effects of olanzapine on the balance between energy intake and thermogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silje Skrede
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede)
| | - Ismael González-García
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede)
| | - Luís Martins
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede)
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede)
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede)
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede)
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede)
| | - Vidar Martin Steen
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede)
| | - Miguel López
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede),Correspondence: Miguel López, PhD, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Barcelona, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. (); and Johan Fernø, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway. ()
| | - Johan Fernø
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Drs Skrede, Steen, and Fernø); Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Drs González-García, Martins, Nogueiras, and López); The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Dr Berge); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (Dr Tena-Sempere); KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Drs Mellgren and Fernø); Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Mellgren); Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Skrede),Correspondence: Miguel López, PhD, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Barcelona, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. (); and Johan Fernø, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway. ()
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Carrillo B, Collado P, Díaz F, Chowen JA, Pérez-Izquierdo MÁ, Pinos H. Physiological and brain alterations produced by high-fat diet in male and female rats can be modulated by increased levels of estradiol during critical periods of development. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:29-39. [PMID: 28696162 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1349574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overnutrition due to a high-fat diet (HFD) can increase the vulnerability of the metabolic system to maladjustments. Estradiol has an inhibitory role on food intake and this hormone has demonstrated to be a crucial organizer during brain development. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine whether increased levels of estradiol in the early postnatal period modulate the alterations in metabolism and brain metabolic circuits produced by overnutrition. METHODS Twenty-four male and 24 female Wistar rats were submitted to a HFD (34.9% fat) or a control diet (5% fat) from gestational day 6. From postnatal (P) 6 to P13, both control and HFD groups were administered a s.c. injection of vehicle or estradiol benzoate (0.4 mg/kg), resulting in eight experimental groups (n = 6 in each group). Body weight, food intake and subcutaneous, visceral, and brown fat pads were measured. Agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, orexin, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and plasma estradiol levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Males fed a HFD showed an increase in body weight and the amount of visceral and subcutaneous fat, which was coincident with an increase in the number of kilocalories ingested. Neonatal estradiol treatment restored the body weight and subcutaneous fat of HFD males to control levels. Hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels in HFD females were increased with respect to control females. This increase was reverted with estradiol treatment during development. DISCUSSION HFD and estradiol treatment have different effects on males and females. Overnutrition affects physiological parameters, such as body weight, visceral, and subcutaneous fat content, in males, while females present alterations in hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels. Hence, the increase in estradiol levels during a period that is critical for the programing of the feeding system can modulate some of the alterations produced by the continuous intake of high-fat content food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Carrillo
- a Departamento de Psicobiología , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Paloma Collado
- a Departamento de Psicobiología , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- b Departamento de Endocrinología , Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65, 28009 , Madrid
| | - Julie A Chowen
- b Departamento de Endocrinología , Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65, 28009 , Madrid
| | - Mª Ángeles Pérez-Izquierdo
- a Departamento de Psicobiología , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Helena Pinos
- a Departamento de Psicobiología , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Felix ACS, Dutra SGV, Gastaldi AC, Bonfim PC, Vieira S, de Souza HCD. Physical training promotes similar effects to the blockade of angiotensin-converting enzyme on the cardiac morphology and function in old female rats subjected to premature ovarian failure. Exp Gerontol 2017; 109:90-98. [PMID: 28408160 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and aerobic physical training on the heart of old female rats (82-wk-old) submitted to premature ovarian failure (10-wk.-old). We used different approaches: morphology and function by echocardiography, reactivity of the coronary bed and left ventricular contractibility (Langendorff Technique). Female Wistar ovariectomized (OVX) rats (n=42) were assigned to one of four groups: OVX, vehicle treated only; OVX-EM, Enalapril Maleate only (EM, 10mg·kg-1·d-1); OVX-T, aerobic trained only; and OVX-EMT, treated with Enalapril Maleate and aerobic trained. Both Enalapril Maleate treatment and aerobic training were done in the last 20weeks of the experimental protocol. When compared to the OVX group, the OVX-EM group showed lower values of wall thickness and left ventricular (LV) mass, lower values of coronary bed reactivity and reduced maximum response of LV contractility to dobutamine, while the OVX-T group showed lower values of LV wall thickness, increase in end-systolic volume, reduced maximum response of LV contractility to dobutamine, and left intraventricular pressure due to increased flow. The combination of treatments (EM and aerobic physical training) did not promote additional important effects on the parameters evaluated. Our results suggest similar beneficial effects of physical training and EM treatment on the morphology and cardiac function in old female rats submitted to premature ovarian failure. Although the causes of these benefits are still unknown, both treatments have promoted a decrease in cardiac contractility, and the reduced β1-adrenergic sensitivity suggests that both treatments may attenuate the sympathetic effect on the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina S Felix
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina G V Dutra
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ada C Gastaldi
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pâmela C Bonfim
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suenimeire Vieira
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Novelle MG, Vázquez MJ, Peinado JR, Martinello KD, López M, Luckman SM, Tena-Sempere M, Malagón MM, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C. Sequential Exposure to Obesogenic Factors in Females Rats: From Physiological Changes to Lipid Metabolism in Liver and Mesenteric Adipose Tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46194. [PMID: 28387334 PMCID: PMC5384043 DOI: 10.1038/srep46194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During their lifetime, females are subjected to different nutritional and hormonal factors that could increase the risk of obesity and associated comorbidities. From early postnatal periods until the postmenopausal phase, exposure to over nutrition, high-energy diet and oestrogen deficiency, are considered as significant obesity risk factors in women. In this study, we assessed how key transitional life events and exposure to different nutrition influence energy homeostasis in a rat model. Specifically, we assessed the sequential exposure to postnatal over nutrition, high-fat diet (HFD) after weaning, followed later by ovariectomy (OVX; as a model of menopause). Each obesity risk factor increased significantly body weight (BW) and adiposity, with additive effects after sequential exposure. Increased energy intake in both HFD and/or OVX groups, and decreased locomotor activity and energy expenditure after OVX can explain these metabolic changes. Our study also documents decreased lipogenic pathway in mesenteric adipose tissue after HFD and/or OVX, independent of previous postnatal programming, yet only HFD evoked this effect in liver. In addition, we report an increase in the expression of the hepatic PEPCK depending on previous metabolic status. Overall, our results identify the impact of different risk factors, which will help in understanding the development of obesity in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Novelle
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, UK
| | - María J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan R Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Kátia D Martinello
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simon M Luckman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, UK
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
López M, Tena-Sempere M. Estradiol effects on hypothalamic AMPK and BAT thermogenesis: A gateway for obesity treatment? Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:109-122. [PMID: 28351720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their prominent roles in the control of reproduction, estrogens are important modulators of energy balance, as evident in conditions of deficiency of estrogens, which are characterized by increased feeding and decreased energy expenditure, leading to obesity. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitous cellular energy gauge that is activated under conditions of low energy, increasing energy production and reducing energy wasting. Centrally, the AMPK pathway is a canonical route regulating energy homeostasis, by integrating peripheral signals, such as hormones and metabolites, with neuronal networks. As a result of those actions, hypothalamic AMPK modulates feeding, as well as brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we will review the central actions of estrogens on energy balance, with particular focus on hypothalamic AMPK. The relevance of this interaction is noteworthy, because some agents with known actions on metabolic homeostasis, such as nicotine, metformin, liraglutide, olanzapine and also natural molecules, such as resveratrol and flavonoids, exert their actions by modulating AMPK. This evidence highlights the possibility that hypothalamic AMPK might be a potential target for the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain.
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Heidker RM, Emerson MR, LeVine SM. Metabolic pathways as possible therapeutic targets for progressive multiple sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1262-1267. [PMID: 28966637 PMCID: PMC5607817 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.213542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, there are very few therapeutic options for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. While immune mechanisms are key participants in the pathogenesis of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms underlying the development of progressive multiple sclerosis are less well understood. Putative mechanisms behind progressive multiple sclerosis have been put forth: insufficient energy production via mitochondrial dysfunction, activated microglia, iron accumulation, oxidative stress, activated astrocytes, Wallerian degeneration, apoptosis, etc. Furthermore, repair processes such as remyelination are incomplete. Experimental therapies that strive to improve metabolism within neurons and glia, e.g., oligodendrocytes, could act to counter inadequate energy supplies and/or support remyelination. Most experimental approaches have been examined as standalone interventions; however, it is apparent that the biochemical steps being targeted are part of larger pathways, which are further intertwined with other metabolic pathways. Thus, the potential benefits of a tested intervention, or of an established therapy, e.g., ocrelizumab, could be undermined by constraints on upstream and/or downstream steps. If correct, then this argues for a more comprehensive, multifaceted approach to therapy. Here we review experimental approaches to support neuronal and glial metabolism, and/or promote remyelination, which may have potential to lessen or delay progressive multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Heidker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mitchell R Emerson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
González-García I, Tena-Sempere M, López M. Estradiol Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:315-335. [PMID: 29224101 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically, estrogens carry out a myriad of functions, the most essential being the regulation of the reproductive axis. Currently, it is also dogmatic that estrogens play an important role modulating energy balance and metabolism. In this sense, it is well known that low estrogens levels, occurring due to ovarian insufficiency, in conditions such as menopause or ovariectomy (OVX), are associated with increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure, leading to weight gain and obesity at long term. Concerning energy expenditure, the main effect of estradiol (E2) is on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Thus, acting through a peripheral or a central action, E2 activates brown fat activity and increases body temperature, which is negatively associated with body weight. Centrally, the hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates the E2 action on BAT thermogenesis. In this chapter, we will summarize E2 regulation of BAT thermogenesis and how this can influence energy balance and metabolism in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael González-García
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain. .,FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhang Z, Liu J, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Su Y, Foppen E, van der Eerden BCJ, Koedam M, Bravenboer N, Kalsbeek A, Boelen A, Fliers E, Bisschop PH. Effects of Chronic Estrogen Administration in the Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus (VMH) on Fat and Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4930-4942. [PMID: 27911148 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency after ovariectomy (OVX) results in increased adiposity and bone loss, which can be prevented by systemic 17-β estradiol (E2) replacement. Studies in transgenic mice suggested that in addition to direct actions of estrogen in peripheral tissues, also estrogen signaling in the hypothalamus regulates fat distribution and bone metabolism. We hypothesized that the protective effect of systemic E2 on fat and bone metabolism in the OVX model is partly mediated through the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of systemic, central, and targeted VMH administration of E2 on fat and bone metabolism in OVX rats. Subcutaneous administration of E2 for 4 weeks decreased body weight, gonadal and perirenal fat, and bone formation rate in OVX rats. This effect was completely mimicked by intracerebroventricular injections of E2, once every 4 days for 4 weeks. Administration of E2 locally in the VMH by retromicrodialysis (3 h) acutely increased expression of the lipolytic gene hormone-sensitive lipase in gonadal and perirenal fat. Finally, chronic administration of E2 in the VMH for 8 weeks decreased perirenal fat but did not affect body weight, trabecular bone volume, or cortical thickness. In conclusion, we demonstrated that intracerebroventricular E2 replacement reduces body weight gain, ameliorates intraabdominal fat accumulation, and reduces bone formation in the OVX rats. E2 administration selectively in the VMH also reduced intraabdominal fat but did not affect bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - J Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - A G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - Y Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - E Foppen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - B C J van der Eerden
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - M Koedam
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - A Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - A Boelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - E Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - P H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Calvez J, de Ávila C, Guèvremont G, Timofeeva E. Sex-Specific Effects of Chronic Administration of Relaxin-3 on Food Intake, Body Weight and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27791297 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of chronic central administration of relaxin-3 (RLN3) on food intake, body weight and fat mass in intact and sterilised male and female rats, as well as on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activity in intact male and female rats that received i.c.v. infusions of RLN3 (400 pmol/day) or vehicle during a 14-day period. The intact RLN3-injected rats displayed a higher body weight than the vehicle-treated groups, and this increase was statistically significantly stronger in female rats compared to male rats. In addition, feed efficiency and gonadal white adipose tissue weight were higher in female RLN3-injected rats. Chronic i.c.v. administration of RLN3 activated the HPG axis in intact male rats, whereas inhibition of the HPG axis was observed in intact female rats. RLN3 significantly increased the plasma levels of luteinising hormone and follicular-stimulating hormone in male rats but not in female rats. Conversely, hypothalamic expression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone mRNA was decreased by RLN3 in female rats but not in male rats. In addition, the plasma levels of oestradiol were significantly decreased by RLN3 administration in female rats. Consequently, intact RLN3-injected female rats failed to display phasic inhibition of eating during oestrus. Sex-specific effects of RLN3 on food intake and body weight were also observed in ovariectomised female and orchidectomised male rats, suggesting that the sex-specific effects of RLN3 on energy metabolism are independent on the differential effects of RLN3 on HPG axis activity in male and female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Calvez
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C de Ávila
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - G Guèvremont
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - E Timofeeva
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Santiago AM, Clegg DJ, Routh VH. Ventromedial hypothalamic glucose sensing and glucose homeostasis vary throughout the estrous cycle. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:248-254. [PMID: 27666162 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 17β-Estradiol (17βE) regulates glucose homeostasis in part by centrally mediated mechanisms. In female rodents, the influence of the ovarian cycle on hypoglycemia counterregulation and glucose tolerance is unclear. We found previously that in prepubertal females, 17βE modulates glucose sensing in nonadapting glucose-inhibited (GI) and adapting GI (AdGI) neurons within the ventrolateral portion of the ventromedial nucleus (VL-VMN). Nonadapting GI neurons persistently decrease their activity as glucose increases while AdGI neurons transiently respond to a glucose increase. To begin to understand if endogenous fluctuations in estrogen levels across the estrous cycle impact hypothalamic glucose sensing and glucose homeostasis, we assessed whether hypoglycemia counterregulation and glucose tolerance differed across the phases of the estrous cycle. We hypothesized that the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) and/or glucose tolerance would vary throughout the estrous cycle according to changes in 17βE availability. Moreover, that these changes would correlate with estrous-dependent changes in the glucose sensitivity of VL-VMN glucose-sensing neurons (GSNs). METHODS These hypotheses were tested in female mice by measuring the response to IIH, glucose tolerance and the glucose sensitivity of VL-VMN GSNs during each phase of the estrous cycle. Furthermore, a physiological brain concentration of 17βE seen during proestrus was acutely applied to brain slices isolated on the day of diestrous and the response to low glucose in VL-VMN GSNs was assayed. RESULTS The response to IIH was strongest during diestrous. The response of nonadapting GI and AdGI neurons to a glucose decrease from 2.5 to 0.5mM also peaked during diestrous; an effect which was blunted by the addition of 17βE. In contrast, the glucose sensitivity of the subpopulation of GSNs which are excited by glucose (GE) was not affected by estrous phase or exogenous 17βE application. CONCLUSION These data suggest that physiological fluctuations in circulating 17βE levels across the estrous cycle lead to changes in hypothalamic glucose sensing and the response to IIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammy M Santiago
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States.
| | - Vanessa H Routh
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Arfuso F, Giannetto C, Rizzo M, Fazio F, Giudice E, Piccione G. Serum levels of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, leptin, and lipids during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period in mares. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1156-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
87
|
Abstract
Ovarian steroids, such as estradiol (E2), control a vastness of physiological processes, such as puberty, reproduction, growth, development and metabolic rate. In fact, physiological, pathological, pharmacological or genetically-induced estrogen deficiency causes increased appetite and reduced energy expenditure, promoting weight gain and ultimately leading to obesity. Remarkably, estrogen replacement reverts those effects. Interestingly, although a wealth of evidence has shown that E2 can directly modulate peripheral tissues to exert their metabolic actions, novel data gathered in recent years have shown that those effects are mainly central and occur in the hypothalamus. Here, we will review what is known about the actions of E2 on energy homeostasis, with particular focus on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
López M, Nogueiras R, Tena-Sempere M, Diéguez C. Hypothalamic AMPK: a canonical regulator of whole-body energy balance. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:421-32. [PMID: 27199291 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a major role in the modulation of energy balance. AMPK is activated in conditions of low energy, increasing energy production and reducing energy consumption. The AMPK pathway is a canonical route regulating energy homeostasis by integrating peripheral signals, such as hormones and metabolites, with neuronal networks. Current evidence has implicated AMPK in the hypothalamus and hindbrain with feeding, brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue, through modulation of the sympathetic nervous system, as well as glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, several potential antiobesity and/or antidiabetic agents, some of which are currently in clinical use such as metformin and liraglutide, exert some of their actions by acting on AMPK. Furthermore, the orexigenic and weight-gain effects of commonly used antipsychotic drugs are also mediated by hypothalamic AMPK. Overall, this evidence suggests that hypothalamic AMPK signalling is an interesting target for drug development, but is this approach feasible? In this Review we discuss the current understanding of hypothalamic AMPK and its role in the central regulation of energy balance and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Bernardo BM, Orellana RC, Weisband YL, Hammar N, Walldius G, Malmstrom H, Ahlbom A, Feychting M, Schwartzbaum J. Association between prediagnostic glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and meningioma, and reverse causality. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:108-14. [PMID: 27253176 PMCID: PMC4931373 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although meningioma is a benign tumour, it may cause significant morbidity. Obesity and diabetes are positively associated with meningioma. To evaluate the potential effects of obesity-related prediagnostic glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol on meningioma and of prediagnostic meningioma on these biomarkers, we conducted a cohort study. Methods: We identified 41 355 individuals in the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk cohort with values for these biomarkers within 15 years before meningioma diagnosis, death, migration or the end of follow-up. We then estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and their interactions with time and age using Cox regression. Results: Meningioma was diagnosed in 181 women and 115 men whose median follow-up time was 7 years. Fasting serum glucose level was inversely related to meningioma among women (Ptrend=0.0006) but not men (Ptrend=0.24). Prediagnostic diabetes was inversely related to meningioma in both sexes combined (HR=0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-0.71), as was serum cholesterol within the year before diagnosis (HR=0.50, 95% CI 0.34-0.72). Conclusions: Paradoxically, hyperglycaemia is inversely associated with meningioma in women. This finding does not necessarily negate the positive role of obesity or diabetes in meningioma development; rather, it may indicate that their effects depend on the stage of development. Furthermore, the prediagnostic tumour may reduce serum cholesterol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Bernardo
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert C Orellana
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yiska Lowenberg Weisband
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Niklas Hammar
- AstraZenecaR&D, Mölndal 43150, Sweden.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Goran Walldius
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hakan Malmstrom
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ahlbom
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Feychting
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith Schwartzbaum
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Guglielmotto M, Reineri S, Iannello A, Ferrero G, Vanzan L, Miano V, Ricci L, Tamagno E, De Bortoli M, Cutrupi S. E2 Regulates Epigenetic Signature on Neuroglobin Enhancer-Promoter in Neuronal Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:147. [PMID: 27313512 PMCID: PMC4887468 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are neuroprotective factors in several neurological diseases. Neuroglobin (NGB) is one of the estrogen target genes involved in neuroprotection, but little is known about its transcriptional regulation. Estrogen genomic pathway in gene expression regulation is mediated by estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) that bind to specific regulatory genomic regions. We focused our attention on 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced NGB expression in human differentiated neuronal cell lines (SK-N-BE and NT-2). Previously, using bioinformatics analysis we identified a putative enhancer in the first intron of NGB locus. Therefore, we observed that E2 increased the enrichment of the H3K4me3 epigenetic marks at the promoter and of the H3K4me1 and H3K27Ac at the intron enhancer. In these NGB regulatory regions, we found estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) binding suggesting that ERα may mediate chromatin remodeling to induce NGB expression upon E2 treatment. Altogether our data show that NGB expression is regulated by ERα binding on genomic regulatory regions supporting hormone therapy applications for the neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Guglielmotto
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of TurinTurin, Italy
- Department Neurosciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Stefania Reineri
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Iannello
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Ludovica Vanzan
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Miano
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Ricci
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Tamagno
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of TurinTurin, Italy
- Department Neurosciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Michele De Bortoli
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Santina Cutrupi
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinOrbassano, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Menopause weight gain. Menopause 2016; 23:357-8. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
92
|
Tena-Sempere M. The Endocrine Society Centennial: Genes and Hormones in Obesity... or How Obesity Met Endocrinology. Endocrinology 2016; 157:979-82. [PMID: 26919513 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Reina Sofía; CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Stout MB, Steyn FJ, Jurczak MJ, Camporez JPG, Zhu Y, Hawse JR, Jurk D, Palmer AK, Xu M, Pirtskhalava T, Evans GL, de Souza Santos R, Frank AP, White TA, Monroe DG, Singh RJ, Casaclang-Verzosa G, Miller JD, Clegg DJ, LeBrasseur NK, von Zglinicki T, Shulman GI, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. 17α-Estradiol Alleviates Age-related Metabolic and Inflammatory Dysfunction in Male Mice Without Inducing Feminization. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 72:3-15. [PMID: 26809497 PMCID: PMC5155656 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with visceral adiposity, metabolic disorders, and chronic low-grade inflammation. 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), a naturally occurring enantiomer of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), extends life span in male mice through unresolved mechanisms. We tested whether 17α-E2 could alleviate age-related metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. 17α-E2 reduced body mass, visceral adiposity, and ectopic lipid deposition without decreasing lean mass. These declines were associated with reductions in energy intake due to the activation of hypothalamic anorexigenic pathways and direct effects of 17α-E2 on nutrient-sensing pathways in visceral adipose tissue. 17α-E2 did not alter energy expenditure or excretion. Fasting glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin were also reduced by 17α-E2, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps revealed improvements in peripheral glucose disposal and hepatic glucose production. Inflammatory mediators in visceral adipose tissue and the circulation were reduced by 17α-E2. 17α-E2 increased AMPKα and reduced mTOR complex 1 activity in visceral adipose tissue but not in liver or quadriceps muscle, which is in contrast to the generalized systemic effects of caloric restriction. These beneficial phenotypic changes occurred in the absence of feminization or cardiac dysfunction, two commonly observed deleterious effects of exogenous estrogen administration. Thus, 17α-E2 holds potential as a novel therapeutic for alleviating age-related metabolic dysfunction through tissue-specific effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Stout
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Center for Clinical Research and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Diana Jurk
- Institutes for Cell & Molecular Biosciences and Ageing, Newcastle University
| | - Allyson K Palmer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ming Xu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tamar Pirtskhalava
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Glenda L Evans
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Roberta de Souza Santos
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, California
| | - Aaron P Frank
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, California
| | - Thomas A White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David G Monroe
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ravinder J Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Jordan D Miller
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, California
| | | | | | - Gerald I Shulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Paoletti AM, Lello S, Di Carlo C, Orrù M, Malune ME, Neri M, Pilloni M, Zedda P, D'Alterio MN, Motzo C, Melis GB, Cagnacci A. Effect of Estradiol valerate plus dienogest on body composition of healthy women in the menopausal transition: a prospective one-year evaluation. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:61-4. [PMID: 26370625 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1079175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the menopausal transition (MT), combined oral contraceptive (COC) should be chosen accordingly to its neutrality on liver metabolism and to its ability to counter the increase of fat mass (FM) that occurs in this reproductive period of life. This prospective multi-centric observational study was conducted on 36 women in their MT at the Universities of Cagliari, Modena and Naples. The body weight (BW), the Body Mass Index (BMI), the waist to hip ratio (WHR), the measurement of body composition (BC) with the Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance (MF-BIA) were performed before, at the 6th and at the 12th month of the study in which a group of women (control group; N.18) did not assume COC, whereas the other 18 women assumed the four-phasic COC containing estradiol valerate (EV) associated with dienogest (EV/DNG group). In comparison to controls in the EV/DNG group, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of BW (58.8 ± 7.6 to 57.3 ± 7.0), BMI (24.1 ± 2.7 to 23.5 ± 2.8), WHR (0.82 ± 0.052 to 0.79 ± 0.048) and FM (17.7 ± 5.4 to 16.4 ± 5.6) was observed. In controls, FM significantly increased (17.0 ± 11 to 17.7 ± 2.7; p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the anti-androgenic and progestinic activities of DNG associated with a weak estrogenic activity of EV, is a contraceptive method capable of counteracting the negative changes of BC occurring in the MT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Paoletti
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Stefano Lello
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Costantino Di Carlo
- b Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy , and
| | - Marisa Orrù
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Maria Elena Malune
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Manuela Neri
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Monica Pilloni
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Pierina Zedda
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Maurizio Nicola D'Alterio
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Costantino Motzo
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Gian Benedetto Melis
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Angelo Cagnacci
- c Department of Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology , Azienda Policlinico of Modena , Modena , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Abstract
Obesity is a new global pandemic, with growing incidence and prevalence. This disease is associated with increased risk of several pathologies, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The mechanisms underlying obesity-associated metabolic changes are the focus of efforts to identify new therapies. Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK), including cJun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38, are required for cellular responses to metabolic stress and therefore might contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. Tissue-specific knockout models support a cell-type-specific role for JNK isoforms, in particular JNK1, highlighting its importance in cell homeostasis and organ crosstalk. However, more efforts are needed to elucidate the specific roles of other JNK isoforms and p38 family members in metabolism and obesity. This review provides an overview of the role of SAPKs in the regulation of metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Manieri
- Myocardial Pathophysiology AreaFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, C/Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 2, 28029 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain Myocardial Pathophysiology AreaFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, C/Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 2, 28029 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Myocardial Pathophysiology AreaFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, C/Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 2, 28029 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Estradiol Preferentially Induces Progestin Receptor-A (PR-A) Over PR-B in Cells Expressing Nuclear Receptor Coactivators in the Female Mouse Hypothalamus. eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-NWR-0012-15. [PMID: 26465008 PMCID: PMC4596027 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0012-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens act in brain to profoundly influence neurogenesis, sexual differentiation, neuroprotection, cognition, energy homeostasis, and female reproductive behavior and physiology through a variety of mechanisms, including the induction of progestin receptors (PRs). PRs are expressed as two isoforms, PR-A and PR-B, that have distinct functions in physiology and behavior. Because these PR isoforms cannot be distinguished using cellular resolution techniques, the present study used isoform-specific null mutant mice that lack PR-A or PR-B for the first time to investigate whether 17β-estradiol benzoate (EB) regulates the differential expression of the PR isoforms in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), arcuate nucleus, and medial preoptic area, brain regions that are rich in EB-induced PRs. Interestingly, EB induced more PR-A than PR-B in all three brain regions, suggesting that PR-A is the predominant isoform in these regions. Given that steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-1 and SRC-2 are important in estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent transcription in brain, including PR induction, we tested whether the expression of these coactivators was correlated with PR isoform expression. The majority of EB-induced PR cells expressed both SRC-1 and SRC-2 in the three brain regions of all genotypes. Interestingly, the intensity of PR-A immunoreactivity correlated with SRC-2 expression in the VMN, providing a potential mechanism for selective ER-mediated transactivation of PR-A over PR-B in a brain region-specific manner. In summary, these novel findings indicate that estrogens differentially regulate PR-A and PR-B expression in the female hypothalamus, and provide a mechanism by which steroid action in brain can selectively modulate behavior and physiology.
Collapse
|
97
|
Liu J, Zhao SR, Reyes T. Neurological and Epigenetic Implications of Nutritional Deficiencies on Psychopathology: Conceptualization and Review of Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18129-48. [PMID: 26251900 PMCID: PMC4581239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a role for epigenetic modifications in the pathophysiology of disease has received significant attention. Many studies are now beginning to explore the gene-environment interactions, which may mediate early-life exposure to risk factors, such as nutritional deficiencies and later development of behavioral problems in children and adults. In this paper, we review the current literature on the role of epigenetics in the development of psychopathology, with a specific focus on the potential for epigenetic modifications to link nutrition and brain development. We propose a conceptual framework whereby epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation) mediate the link between micro- and macro-nutrient deficiency early in life and brain dysfunction (e.g., structural aberration, neurotransmitter perturbation), which has been linked to development of behavior problems later on in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Sophie R Zhao
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Teresa Reyes
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|