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Martí MC, Jiménez A, Sevilla F. Thioredoxin Network in Plant Mitochondria: Cysteine S-Posttranslational Modifications and Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571288. [PMID: 33072147 PMCID: PMC7539121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms presenting different adaptation mechanisms that allow their survival under adverse situations. Among them, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and H2S are emerging as components not only of cell development and differentiation but of signaling pathways involved in the response to both biotic and abiotic attacks. The study of the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins produced by those signaling molecules is revealing a modulation on specific targets that are involved in many metabolic pathways in the different cell compartments. These modifications are able to translate the imbalance of the redox state caused by exposure to the stress situation in a cascade of responses that finally allow the plant to cope with the adverse condition. In this review we give a generalized vision of the production of ROS, RNS, and H2S in plant mitochondria. We focus on how the principal mitochondrial processes mainly the electron transport chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and photorespiration are affected by PTMs on cysteine residues that are produced by the previously mentioned signaling molecules in the respiratory organelle. These PTMs include S-oxidation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosation, and persulfidation under normal and stress conditions. We pay special attention to the mitochondrial Thioredoxin/Peroxiredoxin system in terms of its oxidation-reduction posttranslational targets and its response to environmental stress.
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Yang H, Xiu Z, Wang L, Cao SK, Li X, Sun F, Tan BC. Two Pentatricopeptide Repeat Proteins Are Required for the Splicing of nad5 Introns in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:732. [PMID: 32582256 PMCID: PMC7284535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genes in flowering plants contain predominantly group II introns that require precise splicing before translation into functional proteins. Splicing of these introns is facilitated by various nucleus-encoded splicing factors. Due to lethality of mutants, functions of many splicing factors have not been revealed. Here, we report the function of two P-type PPR proteins PPR101 and PPR231, and their role in maize seed development. PPR101 and PPR231 are targeted to mitochondria. Null mutation of PPR101 and PPR231 arrests embryo and endosperm development, generating empty pericarp and small kernel phenotype, respectively, in maize. Loss-of-function in PPR101 abolishes the splicing of nad5 intron 2, and reduces the splicing of nad5 intron 1. Loss-of-function in PPR231 reduces the splicing of nad5 introns 1, 2, 3 and nad2 intron 3. The absence of Nad5 protein eliminates assembly of complex I, and activates the expression of alternative oxidase AOX2. These results indicate that both PPR101 and PPR231 are required for mitochondrial nad5 introns 1 and 2 splicing, while PPR231 is also required for nad5 intron 3 and nad2 intron 3. Both genes are essential to complex I assembly, mitochondrial function, and maize seed development. This work reveals that the splicing of a single intron involves multiple PPRs.
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Naik BJ, Kim SC, Shin MJ, Kim CW, Lim CK, An HJ. Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses and Transgenic Approaches in the Coffee Plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.12719/ksia.2019.31.4.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zhou Q, Jiang Z, Zhang X, Lai Q, Li Y, Zhao F, Zhao Z. Tree age did not affect the leaf anatomical structure or ultrastructure of Platycladus orientalis L. (Cupressaceae). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7938. [PMID: 31681514 PMCID: PMC6824329 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree aging is a new research area and has attracted research interest in recent years. Trees show extraordinary longevity; Platycladus orientalis L. (Cupressaceae) has a lifespan of thousands of years. Ancient trees are precious historical heritage and scientific research materials. However, tree aging and tree senescence have different definitions and are poorly understood. Since leaves are the most sensitive organ of a tree, we studied the structural response of leaves to tree age. Experiments investigating the leaf morphological structure, anatomical structure and ultrastructure were conducted in healthy P. orientalis at three different ages (ancient trees >2,000 years, 200 years < middle-aged trees <500 years, young trees <50 years) at the world’s largest planted pure forest in the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, Shaanxi Province, China. Interestingly, tree age did not significantly impact leaf cellular structure. Ancient P. orientalis trees in forests older than 2,000 years still have very strong vitality, and their leaves still maintained a perfect anatomical structure and ultrastructure. Our observations provide new evidence for the unique pattern of tree aging, especially healthy aging. Understanding the relationships between leaf structure and tree age will enhance the understanding of tree aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Zhou
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaohong Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Lai
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
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55
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Braakman R. Evolution of cellular metabolism and the rise of a globally productive biosphere. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 140:172-187. [PMID: 31082508 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic processes in cells and chemical processes in the environment are fundamentally intertwined and have evolved in concert for most of Earth's existence. Here I argue that intrinsic properties of cellular metabolism imposed central constraints on the historical trajectories of biopsheric productivity and atmospheric oxygenation. Photosynthesis depends on iron, but iron is highly insoluble under the aerobic conditions produced by oxygenic photosynthesis. These counteracting constraints led to two major stages of Earth oxygenation. After a cyanobacteria-driven biospheric expansion near the Archean-Proterozoic boundary, productivity remained largely restricted to continental boundaries and shallow aquatic environments where weathering inputs made iron more accessible. The anoxic deep open ocean was rich in free iron during the Proterozoic, but this iron was largely inaccessible, partly because an otherwise nutrient-poor ocean was limiting to photosynthesis, but also because a photosynthetic expansion would have quenched its own iron supply. Near the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic boundary, bioenergetics innovations allowed eukaryotic photosynthesis to overcome these interconnected negative feedbacks and begin expanding into the deep open oceans and onto the continents, where nutrients are inherently harder to come by. Key insights into what drove the ecological rise of eukaryotic photosynthesis emerge from analyses of marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, abundant marine picocyanobacteria whose ancestors colonized the oceans in the Neoproterozoic. The reconstructed evolution of this group reveals a sequence of innovations that ultimately produced a form of photosynthesis in Prochlorococcus that is more like that of green plant cells than other cyanobacteria. Innovations increased the energy flux of cells, thereby enhancing their ability to acquire sparse nutrients, and as by-product also increased the production of organic carbon waste. Some of these organic waste products had the ability to chelate iron and make it bioavailable, thereby indirectly pushing the oceans through a transition from an anoxic state rich in free iron to an oxygenated state with organic carbon-bound iron. Resulting conditions (and parallel processes on the continents) in turn led to a series of positive feedbacks that increased the availability of other nutrients, thereby promoting the rise of a globally productive biosphere. In addition to the occurrence of major biospheric expansions, the several hundred million-year periods around the Archean-Proterozoic and Proterozoic-Phanerozoic boundaries share a number of other parallels. Both epochs have also been linked to major carbon cycle perturbations and global glaciations, as well as changes in the nature of plate tectonics and increases in continental exposure and weathering. This suggests the dynamics of life and Earth are intimately intertwined across many levels and that general principles governed transitions in these coupled dynamics at both times in Earth history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier Braakman
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
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56
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Zhu C, Jin G, Fang P, Zhang Y, Feng X, Tang Y, Qi W, Song R. Maize pentatricopeptide repeat protein DEK41 affects cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad4 intron 3 and is required for normal seed development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3795-3808. [PMID: 31020318 PMCID: PMC6685664 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The splicing of organelle-encoded mRNA in plants requires proteins encoded in the nucleus. The mechanism of splicing and the factors involved are not well understood. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are known to participate in such RNA-protein interactions. Maize defective kernel 41 (dek41) is a seedling-lethal mutant that causes developmental defects. In this study, the Dek41 gene was cloned by Mutator tag isolation and allelic confirmation, and was found to encode a P-type PPR protein that targets mitochondria. Analysis of the mitochondrial RNA transcript profile revealed that dek41 mutations cause reduced splicing efficiency of mitochondrial nad4 intron 3. Immature dek41 kernels exhibited severe reductions in complex I assembly and NADH dehydrogenase activity. Up-regulated expression of alternative oxidase genes and deformed inner cristae of mitochondria in dek41, as revealed by TEM, indicated that proper splicing of nad4 is essential for correct mitochondrial functioning and morphology. Consistent with this finding, differentially expressed genes in the dek41 endosperm included those related to mitochondrial function and activity. Our results indicate that DEK41 is a PPR protein that affects cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad4 intron 3 and is required for correct mitochondrial functioning and maize kernel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangpu Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuzhen Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanping Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rentao Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence:
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57
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Rozentsvet O, Nesterkina I, Ozolina N, Nesterov V. Detergent-resistant microdomains (lipid rafts) in endomembranes of the wild halophytes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:869-876. [PMID: 31196376 DOI: 10.1071/fp18263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we studied detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (DRM) of chloroplasts and mitochondria - organelles that provide photosynthesis and respiration in a plant cell. The objects of the study were euhalophyte Salicorniaperennans Willd., which relates to salt-accumulating plants and glycohalophyte Artemisia santonica L., which relates to salt-excluder plants. To get DRM, the chloroplast and mitochondria fractions were solubilised with a solution containing Triton X-100. The resulting material was introduced in sucrose gradient of 35-25-15-5% and centrifuged at 200000 g, 2 h. The presence of an opalescent detergent-resistant zone of membranes in 15% sucrose layer and a specific lipid composition of this zone were the signs of successful rafts obtaining of. The isolated DRM are sterol- and cerebroside-enriched (27-89% of the sum of membrane lipids) domains with a high degree of saturation of fatty acids composition (more than 50% of the sum). The main DRM-specific lipids of chloroplast of A. santonica glycohalophyte are cerebrosides, whereas those of S. perennans euhalophyte are sterols. The revealed differences in the composition of raft-forming lipids in chloroplast and mitochondria halophyte membranes, differing in the salt-resistance strategy, suggest the participation of rafts in salt-resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rozentsvet
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin Russian Academy of Science, 10, Komzin Str, Togliatti 445003, Russia
| | - Irina Nesterkina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov Str, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Natalia Ozolina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov Str, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Viktor Nesterov
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin Russian Academy of Science, 10, Komzin Str, Togliatti 445003, Russia; and Corresponding author.
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58
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Farooq MA, Niazi AK, Akhtar J, Farooq M, Souri Z, Karimi N, Rengel Z. Acquiring control: The evolution of ROS-Induced oxidative stress and redox signaling pathways in plant stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:353-369. [PMID: 31207496 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) - the byproducts of aerobic metabolism - influence numerous aspects of the plant life cycle and environmental response mechanisms. In plants, ROS act like a double-edged sword; they play multiple beneficial roles at low concentrations, whereas at high concentrations ROS and related redox-active compounds cause cellular damage through oxidative stress. To examine the dual role of ROS as harmful oxidants and/or crucial cellular signals, this review elaborates that (i) how plants sense and respond to ROS in various subcellular organelles and (ii) the dynamics of subsequent ROS-induced signaling processes. The recent understanding of crosstalk between various cellular compartments in mediating their redox state spatially and temporally is discussed. Emphasis on the beneficial effects of ROS in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating diverse cellular functions, and activating acclimation responses in plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses are described. The comprehensive view of cellular ROS dynamics covering the breadth and versatility of ROS will contribute to understanding the complexity of apparently contradictory ROS roles in plant physiological responses in less than optimum environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ansar Farooq
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Adnan Khan Niazi
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Akhtar
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Zahra Souri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zed Rengel
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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59
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Enhanced Separation Capability of Sequential Injection Chromatography for Fluorimetric Determination of Intracellular Dissolved Free Amino Acids in Marine Microalgae. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31347130 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
This chapter describes improvements in a sequential injection method to automate the fluorimetric determination of amino acids by pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde in presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Separation is achieved by reversed-phase liquid chromatography in a 50 × 4.6 mm C18 silica-based monolithic column. The method is low-priced, and the separation is performed by stepwise gradient elution using six mobile phases. The mobile phase used for the first elution step is composed of methanol/tetrahydrofuran/10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at volumetric ratio 8:1:91. Additional elution steps use mobile phases containing methanol and 10 mM phosphate buffer at volumetric ratios of 17.5:82.5, 25:75, 35:65, 50:50, and 65:35. Nineteen chromatographic peaks are observed in a mixture of twenty amino acids. The only complete co-elution is between tryptophan and methionine. The entire cycle of amino acid derivatization, chromatographic separation, and column conditioning at the end of separation lasts for 30 min. The method is successfully applied to quantify the major intracellular dissolved free amino acids in the marine microalgae Tetraselmis gracilis, Phaeodactium tricornutum, and Synechococcus elongatus.
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60
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Shen Y, Li J, He F, Zhu J, Han Q, Zhan X, Xing B. Phenanthrene-triggered tricarboxylic acid cycle response in wheat leaf. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:107-112. [PMID: 30772538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is the most effective energy metabolism pathway in higher plants and animals. However, there is no information about its response in plants under environmental stress, especially under polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution. Here, this study is the first to discuss the intermediate and related enzyme changes in TCA cycle in plants. We applied high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics to analyze the intermediate concentration and related protein response in wheat leaf cells, respectively. The concentrations of citrate and malate (0.37 and 0.57 mg kg-1) in the treatment with 1.0 mg L-1 phenanthrene were higher than those in the control, and the concentrations of the other five intermediates (i.e., α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate and succinate) in the treatment were lower than those in the control. Three detected proteins (pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase and fumarate hydratase) involved in TCA cycle were up-regulated when phenanthrene was accumulated in wheat leaf cells. Meanwhile, real-time PCR results of seven key TCA cycle enzymes genes further confirmed the aforementioned enzyme results. The gene expressions of ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, fumarase and pyruvate dehydrogenase were promoted when phenanthrene was accumulated, while the other four genes were suppressed. In general, pyruvate decrease is the key reason for TCA cycle inactivation under exposure to phenanthrene. Meanwhile, malate concentration increases significantly (P < 0.05), and all the three conversion enzymes turn active. Our results offer helpful information for understanding TCA cycle energy metabolism response to PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jinfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qian Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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61
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Zhou Q, Jiang Z, Zhang X, Zhang T, Zhu H, Cui B, Li Y, Zhao F, Zhao Z. Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure in senescing ancient tree, Platycladus orientalis L. (Cupressaceae). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6766. [PMID: 30997297 PMCID: PMC6462394 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycladus orientalis L. (Cupressaceae) has a lifespan of thousands of years. Ancient trees have very high scientific, economic and cultural values. The senescence of ancient trees is a new research area but is poorly understood. Leaves are the primary and the most sensitive organ of a tree. To understand leaf structural response to tree senescence in ancient trees, experiments investigating the morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure were conducted with one-year leaves of ancient P. orientalis (ancient tree >2,000 years) at three different tree senescent levels (healthy, sub-healthy and senescent) at the world's largest planted pure forest in the Mausoleum of Yellow Emperor, Shaanxi Province, China. Observations showed that leaf structure significantly changed with the senescence of trees. The chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuole and cell wall of mesophyll cells were the most significant markers of cellular ultrastructure during tree senescence. Leaf ultrastructure clearly reflected the senescence degree of ancient trees, confirming the visual evaluation from above-ground parts of trees. Understanding the relationships between leaf structure and tree senescence can support decision makers in planning the protection of ancient trees more promptly and effectively by adopting the timely rejuvenation techniques before the whole tree irreversibly recesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Zhou
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaohong Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailan Zhu
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Cui
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, China
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62
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Lyu L, Bi Y, Li S, Xue H, Zhang Z, Prusky DB. Early Defense Responses Involved in Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation in Harvested Muskmelons Infected by Trichothecium roseum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4337-4345. [PMID: 30865450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential part in fighting against pathogen infection in the defense responses of fruits. In this study, we investigated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, energy metabolism, and changes of mitochondrial proteins in harvested muskmelon fruits ( Cucumis melo cv. Yujinxiang) inoculated with Trichothecium roseum. The results indicated that the fungal infection obviously induced the H2O2 accumulation in mitochondria. Enzyme activities were inhibited in the first 6 h postinoculation (hpi), including succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, H+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase. However, the activities of Ca2+-ATPase and H+-ATPase and the contents of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were improved to a higher level at 12 hpi. A total of 42 differentially expressed proteins were identified through tandem mass tags-based proteomic analyses, which are mainly involved in energy metabolism, stress responses and redox homeostasis, glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, and transporter and mitochondria dysfunction. Taken together, our results suggest that mitochondria play crucial roles in the early defense responses of muskmelons against T. roseum infection through regulation of ROS production and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dov B Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce , Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center , Beit Dagan 50250 , Israel
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63
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Ratajczak E, Małecka A, Ciereszko I, Staszak AM. Mitochondria Are Important Determinants of the Aging of Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1568. [PMID: 30925807 PMCID: PMC6479606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds enable plant survival in harsh environmental conditions, and via seeds, genetic information is transferred from parents to the new generation; this stage provides an opportunity for sessile plants to settle in new territories. However, seed viability decreases over long-term storage due to seed aging. For the effective conservation of gene resources, e.g., in gene banks, it is necessary to understand the causes of decreases in seed viability, not only where the aging process is initiated in seeds but also the sequence of events of this process. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, so they are more quickly and strongly exposed to oxidative damage than other organelles. The mitochondrial antioxidant system is also less active than the antioxidant systems of other organelles, thus such mitochondrial 'defects' can strongly affect various cell processes, including seed aging, which we discuss in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Arleta Małecka
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Iwona Ciereszko
- Plant Physiology Department, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra M Staszak
- Plant Physiology Department, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
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64
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Hassani D, Khalid M, Huang D, Zhang YD. Morphophysiological and molecular evidence supporting the augmentative role of Piriformospora indica in mitigation of salinity in Cucumis melo L. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:301-312. [PMID: 30883647 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major limiting factors in plant growth and productivity. Cucumis melo L. is a widely cultivated plant, but its productivity is significantly influenced by the level of salinity in soil. Symbiotic colonization of plants with Piriformospora indica has shown a promotion in plants growth and tolerance against biotic stress. In this study, physiological markers such as ion analysis, antioxidant determination, proline content, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll measurement were assessed in melon cultivar under two concentrations (100 and 200 mM) of NaCl with and without P. indica inoculation. Results showed that the endophytic inoculation consistently upregulated the level of antioxidants, enhanced plants to antagonize salinity stress. The expression level of an RNA editing factor (SLO2) which is known to participate in mitochondria electron transport chain was analyzed, and its full mRNA sequence was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Under salinity stress, the expression level of SLO2 was increased, enhancing the plant's capability to adapt to the stress. However, P. indica inoculation further elevated the expression level of SLO2. These findings suggested that the symbiotic association of fungi could help the plants to tolerate the salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Hassani
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Dong Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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65
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Abstract
The propagation of most flowering plant species is determined by the success of seed germination, which is of both economic and ecologic importance. Mitochondria are the energy resource and crucial organelles for plant seed germination. Studying the underlying mechanism is important for us to understand the basic principles of plant development and improve crop yields. Here we identify HSP24.7 as a central activator for temperature-dependent seed germination. HSP24.7 modulates cytochrome C/C1 production in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and induces the generation of reactive oxygen species, which accelerates seed germination. Our work provides a comprehensive framework of how mitochondria regulate seed germination in response to the dynamics of environmental temperature. Seed germination is an energy demanding process that requires functional mitochondria upon imbibition. However, how mitochondria fine tune seed germination, especially in response to the dynamics of environmental temperature, remains largely unknown at the molecular level. Here, we report a mitochondrial matrix-localized heat shock protein GhHSP24.7, that regulates seed germination in a temperature-dependent manner. Suppression of GhHSP24.7 renders the seed insensitive to temperature changes and delays germination. We show that GhHSP24.7 competes with GhCCMH to bind to the maturation subunit protein GhCcmFc to form cytochrome C/C1 (CytC/C1) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. GhHSP24.7 modulates CytC/C1 production to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which consequently accelerates endosperm rupture and promotes seed germination. Overexpression of GhHSP24.7’s homologous genes can accelerate seed germination in Arabidopsis and tomato, indicating its conserved function across plant species. Therefore, HSP24.7 is a critical factor that positively controls seed germination via temperature-dependent ROS generation.
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66
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Torun H. Cobalt+Salt-Stressed Salvia officinalis: ROS Scavenging Capacity and Antioxidant Potency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2019. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.484954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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67
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Sng NJ, Kolaczkowski B, Ferl RJ, Paul AL. A member of the CONSTANS-Like protein family is a putative regulator of reactive oxygen species homeostasis and spaceflight physiological adaptation. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:ply075. [PMID: 30705745 PMCID: PMC6348315 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A feature of the physiological adaptation to spaceflight in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated gene expression. The patterns of ROS-associated gene expression vary among Arabidopsis ecotypes, and the role of ROS signalling in spaceflight acclimation is unknown. What could differences in ROS gene regulation between ecotypes on orbit reveal about physiological adaptation to novel environments? Analyses of ecotype-dependent responses to spaceflight resulted in the elucidation of a previously uncharacterized gene (OMG1) as being ROS-associated. The OMG1 5' flanking region is an active promoter in cells where ROS activity is commonly observed, such as in pollen tubes, root hairs, and in other tissues upon wounding. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that upon wounding on Earth, OMG1 is an apparent transcriptional regulator of MYB77 and GRX480, which are associated with the ROS pathway. Fluorescence-based ROS assays show that OMG1 affects ROS production. Phylogenetic analysis of OMG1 and closely related homologs suggests that OMG1 is a distant, unrecognized member of the CONSTANS-Like protein family, a member that arose via gene duplication early in the angiosperm lineage and subsequently lost its first DNA-binding B-box1 domain. These data illustrate that members of the rapidly evolving COL protein family play a role in regulating ROS pathway functions, and their differential regulation on orbit suggests a role for ROS signalling in spaceflight physiological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha J Sng
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bryan Kolaczkowski
- Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Ferl
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Horticultural Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna-Lisa Paul
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Horticultural Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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68
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Umekawa Y, Ito K. Thioredoxin o-mediated reduction of mitochondrial alternative oxidase in the thermogenic skunk cabbage Symplocarpus renifolius. J Biochem 2019; 165:57-65. [PMID: 30289493 PMCID: PMC6299270 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis in plants involves significant increases in their cyanide-resistant mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) capacity. Because AOX is a non-proton-motive ubiquinol oxidase, the dramatic drop in free energy between ubiquinol and oxygen is dissipated as heat. In the thermogenic skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius), SrAOX is specifically expressed in the florets. Although SrAOX harbours conserved cysteine residues, the details of the mechanisms underlying its redox regulation are poorly understood. In our present study, the two mitochondrial thioredoxin o cDNAs SrTrxo1 and SrTrxo2, were isolated from the thermogenic florets of S. renifolius. The deduced amino acid sequences of the protein products revealed that SrTrxo2 specifically lacks the region corresponding to the α3-helix in SrTrxo1. Expression analysis of thermogenic and non-thermogenic S. renifolius tissues indicated that the SrTrxo1 and SrAOX transcripts are predominantly expressed together in thermogenic florets, whereas SrTrxo2 transcripts are almost undetectable in any tissue. Finally, functional in vitro analysis of recombinant SrTrxo1 and mitochondrial membrane fractions of thermogenic florets indicated its reducing activity on SrAOX proteins. Taken together, these results indicate that SrTrxo1 is likely to play a role in the redox regulation of SrAOX in S. renifolius thermogenic florets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Umekawa
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kikukatsu Ito
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.,Agri-Innovation Research Center, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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69
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Jin Z, Sun L, Yang G, Pei Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates Energy Production to Delay Leaf Senescence Induced by Drought Stress in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1722. [PMID: 30532763 PMCID: PMC6265512 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel gasotransmitter in both mammals and plants. H2S plays important roles in various plant developmental processes and stress responses. Leaf senescence is the last developmental stage and is a sequential degradation process that eventually leads to leaf death. A mutation of the H2S-producing enzyme-encoding gene L-cysteine desulfhydrase1 (DES1) leads to premature leaf senescence but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In this present study, wild-type, DES1 defective mutant (des1) and over-expression (OE-DES1) Arabidopsis plants were used to investigate the underlying mechanism of H2S signaling in energy production and leaf senescence under drought stress. The des1 mutant was more sensitive to drought stress and displayed accelerated leaf senescence, while the leaves of OE-DES1 contained adequate chlorophyll levels, accompanied by significantly increased drought resistance. Under drought stress, the expression levels of ATPβ-1, -2, and -3 were significantly downregulated in des1 and significantly upregulated in OE-DES1, and ATPε showed the opposite trend. Senescence-associated gene (SAG) 12 correlated with age-dependent senescence and participated in the drought resistance of OE-DES1. SAG13, which was induced by environmental factors, responded positively to drought stress in des1 plants, while there was no significant difference in the SAG29 expression between des1 and OE-DES1. Using transmission electron microscopy, the mitochondria of des1 were severely damaged and bubbled in older leaves, while OE-DES1 had complete mitochondrial structures and a homogeneous matrix. Additionally, mitochondria isolated from OE-DES1 increased the H2S production rate, H2S content and ATPase activity level, as well as reduced swelling and lowered the ATP content in contrast with wild-type and des1 significantly. Therefore, at subcellular levels, H2S appeared to determine the ability of mitochondria to regulate energy production and protect against cellular aging, which subsequently delayed leaf senescence under drought-stress conditions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuping Jin
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Limin Sun
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guangdong Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Yanxi Pei
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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70
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Calderón A, Sánchez-Guerrero A, Ortiz-Espín A, Martínez-Alcalá I, Camejo D, Jiménez A, Sevilla F. Lack of mitochondrial thioredoxin o1 is compensated by antioxidant components under salinity in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:251-267. [PMID: 29446456 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In a changing environment, plants are able to acclimate to new conditions by regulating their metabolism through the antioxidant and redox systems involved in the stress response. Here, we studied a mitochondrial thioredoxin in wild-type (WT) Arabidopis thaliana and two Attrxo1 mutant lines grown in the absence or presence of 100 mM NaCl. Compared to WT plants, no evident phenotype was observed in the mutant plants under control condition, although they had higher number of stomata, loss of water, nitric oxide and carbonyl protein contents as well as higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzymes than WT plants. Under salinity, the mutants presented lower water loss and higher stomatal closure, H2 O2 and lipid peroxidation levels accompanied by higher enzymatic activity of catalase and the different SOD isoenzymes compared to WT plants. These inductions may collaborate in the maintenance of plant integrity and growth observed under saline conditions, possibly as a way to compensate the lack of TRXo1. We discuss the potential of TRXo1 to influence the development of the whole plant under saline conditions, which have great value for the agronomy of plants growing under unfavorable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aingeru Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Guerrero
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Ana Ortiz-Espín
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez-Alcalá
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Daymi Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
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71
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Sun M, Jiang F, Cen B, Wen J, Zhou Y, Wu Z. Respiratory burst oxidase homologue-dependent H 2 O 2 and chloroplast H 2 O 2 are essential for the maintenance of acquired thermotolerance during recovery after acclimation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2373-2389. [PMID: 29851102 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Thermotolerance is improved by heat stress (HS) acclimation, and the thermotolerance level is "remembered" by plants. However, the underlying signalling mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we showed NADPH oxidase-mediated H2 O2 (NADPH-H2 O2 ), and chloroplast-H2 O2 promoted the sustained expression of HS-responsive genes and programmed cell death (PCD) genes, respectively, during recovery after HS acclimation. When spraying the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium, after HS acclimation, the NADPH-H2 O2 level significantly decreased, resulting in a decrease in the expression of HS-responsive genes and the loss of maintenance of acquired thermotolerance (MAT). In contrast, compared with HS acclimation, NADPH-H2 O2 declined but chloroplast-H2 O2 further enhanced during recovery after HS over-acclimation, resulting in the reduced expression of HS-responsive genes and substantial production of PCD. Notably, the further inhibition of NADPH-H2 O2 after HS over-acclimation also inhibited chloroplast-H2 O2 , alleviating the severe PCD and surpassing the MAT of HS over-acclimation treatment. Due to the change in subcellular H2 O2 after HS acclimation, the tomato seedlings maintained a constant H2 O2 level during recovery, resulting in stable and lower total H2 O2 levels during a tester HS challenge conducted after recovery. We conclude that tomato seedlings increase their MAT by enhancing NADPH-H2 O2 content and controlling chloroplast-H2 O2 production during recovery, which enhances the expression of HS-responsive genes and balances PCD levels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangling Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Benjian Cen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqin Wen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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72
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Lazare S, Burgos A, Brotman Y, Zaccai M. The metabolic (under)groundwork of the lily bulb toward sprouting. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:436-449. [PMID: 29274128 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large bulbs of Lilium longiflorum have an obligatory cold requirement to flower. Bulb cooling is widely used to induce and accelerate flowering. However, in-depth investigations of the effect of bulb cooling on major landmarks of plant development are lacking. It has been demonstrated that low temperature induces carbohydrate degradation, yet integrative studies on metabolic changes occurring in the bulb are not available. We detected that cold exposure mainly hastened bulb sprouting, rather than floral transition or blooming. Metabolite profiling of cooled and non-cooled bulbs was carried out, revealing cold-induced accumulation of soluble sugars, lipids and specific amino acids, and a significant reduction in tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle elements. We observed that metabolic pathways located in the cytosol - including glycolysis, lipid synthesis and part of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt - were enhanced by cold exposure, while mitochondrial metabolism - namely the TCA cycle - was reduced by cold. We suggest a physiological model accounting for this metabolic discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silit Lazare
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Asdrubal Burgos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, CP 15110, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michele Zaccai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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73
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Gomes MP, de Brito JCM, Bicalho EM, Silva JG, de Fátima Gomides M, Garcia QS, Figueredo CC. Ciprofloxacin vs. temperature: Antibiotic toxicity in the free-floating liverwort Ricciocarpus natans from a climate change perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:410-419. [PMID: 29579676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The physiological responses of the aquatic liverwort Ricciocarpus natans to ciprofloxacin (Cipro) exposure under different growth temperatures were investigated. Cipro appears to act as an inhibitor of mitochondrial Complex III by blocking the oxidation of quinol, resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 accumulation upon Cipro exposure is responsible for decreased photosynthesis in plants. The amount of H2O2 in plants is kept under control by antioxidant enzymes, whose activities are central to the responses of plants to Cipro yet are influenced by temperature. Increased temperature favored Cipro uptake by plants as well as its deleterious effects on mitochondrial activity; however, it also favored the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby preventing the exacerbation of the deleterious effects of Cipro. The uptake of Cipro by plants appears to be largely a passive process, although some uptake must be driven by an energy-consuming process. Ricciocarpus natans should be considered for programs aimed at the reclamation of Cipro since this plant exhibits high Cipro-tolerance, the capacity for accumulation and increased uptake rates of the antibiotic with increasing temperatures (from 20 to 30 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81631-980 Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Júlio César Moreira de Brito
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, Belo Horizonte, 30510-010 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Tecnológica e Biofarmacêutica, UFMG, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisa Monteze Bicalho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaína Guernica Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Gomides
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, Belo Horizonte, 30510-010 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Queila Souza Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cleber Cunha Figueredo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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74
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Suppression of External NADPH Dehydrogenase-NDB1 in Arabidopsis thaliana Confers Improved Tolerance to Ammonium Toxicity via Efficient Glutathione/Redox Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051412. [PMID: 29747392 PMCID: PMC5983774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stresses, including ammonium (NH4+) nourishment, can damage key mitochondrial components through the production of surplus reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, alternative electron pathways are significant for efficient reductant dissipation in mitochondria during ammonium nutrition. The aim of this study was to define the role of external NADPH-dehydrogenase (NDB1) during oxidative metabolism of NH4+-fed plants. Most plant species grown with NH4+ as the sole nitrogen source experience a condition known as “ammonium toxicity syndrome”. Surprisingly, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants suppressing NDB1 were more resistant to NH4+ treatment. The NDB1 knock-down line was characterized by milder oxidative stress symptoms in plant tissues when supplied with NH4+. Mitochondrial ROS accumulation, in particular, was attenuated in the NDB1 knock-down plants during NH4+ treatment. Enhanced antioxidant defense, primarily concerning the glutathione pool, may prevent ROS accumulation in NH4+-grown NDB1-suppressing plants. We found that induction of glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes and peroxiredoxins in the NDB1-surpressing line contributed to lower ammonium-toxicity stress. The major conclusion of this study was that NDB1 suppression in plants confers tolerance to changes in redox homeostasis that occur in response to prolonged ammonium nutrition, causing cross tolerance among plants.
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75
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Dahal K, Vanlerberghe GC. Improved chloroplast energy balance during water deficit enhances plant growth: more crop per drop. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1183-1197. [PMID: 29281082 PMCID: PMC6018952 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The non-energy-conserving alternative oxidase (AOX) respiration of plant mitochondria is known to interact with chloroplast photosynthesis. This may have consequences for growth, particularly under sub-optimal conditions when energy imbalances can impede photosynthesis. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the metabolism and growth of wild-type Nicotiana tabacum with that of AOX knockdown and overexpression lines during a prolonged steady-state mild to moderate water deficit. Under moderate water deficit, the AOX amount was an important determinant of the rate of both mitochondrial respiration in the light and net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A) at the growth irradiance. In particular, AOX respiration was necessary to maintain optimal proton and electron fluxes at the chloroplast thylakoid membrane, which in turn prevented a water-deficit-induced biochemical limitation of photosynthesis. As a result of differences in A, AOX overexpressors gained more biomass and knockdowns gained less biomass than wild-type during moderate water deficit. Biomass partitioning also differed, with the overexpressors having a higher percentage, and the knockdowns having a lower percentage, of total above-ground biomass in reproductive tissue than wild-type. The results establish that improving chloroplast energy balance by using a non-energy-conserving respiratory electron sink can increase photosynthesis and growth during prolonged water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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76
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Maize Dek37 Encodes a P-type PPR Protein That Affects cis-Splicing of Mitochondrial nad2 Intron 1 and Seed Development. Genetics 2018; 208:1069-1082. [PMID: 29301905 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial group II introns require the participation of numerous nucleus-encoded general and specific factors to achieve efficient splicing in vivo Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been implicated in assisting group II intron splicing. Here, we identified and characterized a new maize seed mutant, defective kernel 37 (dek37), which has significantly delayed endosperm and embryo development. Dek37 encodes a classic P-type PPR protein that targets mitochondria. The dek37 mutation causes no detectable DEK37 protein in mutant seeds. Mitochondrial transcripts analysis indicated that dek37 mutation decreases splicing efficiency of mitochondrial nad2 intron 1, leading to reduced assembly and NADH dehydrogenase activity of complex I. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed severe morphological defects of mitochondria in dek37 Transcriptome analysis of dek37 endosperm indicated enhanced expression in the alternative respiratory pathway and extensive differentially expressed genes related to mitochondrial function. These results indicated that Dek37 is involved in cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad2 intron 1 and is required for complex I assembly, mitochondrial function, and seed development in maize.
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Abstract
A large amount of ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular analysis indicates that peroxisomes and mitochondria not only share the same subcellular space but also maintain considerable overlap in their proteins, responses and functions. Recent approaches using imaging of fluorescent proteins targeted to both organelles in living plant cells are beginning to show the dynamic nature of their interactivity. Based on the observations of living cells, mitochondria respond rapidly to stress by undergoing fission. Mitochondrial fission is suggested to release key membrane-interacting members of the FISSION1 and DYNAMIN RELATED PROTEIN3 families and appears to be followed by the formation of thin peroxisomal extensions called peroxules. In a model we present the peroxules as an intermediate state prior to the formation of tubular peroxisomes, which, in turn are acted upon by the constriction-related proteins released by mitochondria and undergo rapid constriction and fission to increase the number of peroxisomes in a cell. The fluorescent protein aided imaging of peroxisome-mitochondria interaction provides visual evidence for their cooperation in maintenance of cellular homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mathur
- Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Aymen Shaikh
- Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Neeta Mathur
- Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
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Wang Y, Stevanato P, Yu L, Zhao H, Sun X, Sun F, Li J, Geng G. The physiological and metabolic changes in sugar beet seedlings under different levels of salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:1079-1093. [PMID: 28711996 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major limitation to global crop production. Sugar beet, one of the world's leading sugar crops, has stronger salt tolerant characteristics than other crops. To investigate the response to different levels of salt stress, sugar beet was grown hydroponically under 3 (control), 70, 140, 210 and 280 mM NaCl conditions. We found no differences in dry weight of the aerial part and leaf area between 70 mM NaCl and control conditions, although dry weight of the root and whole plant treated with 70 mM NaCl was lower than control seedlings. As salt concentrations increased, degree of growth arrest became obvious In addition, under salt stress, the highest concentrations of Na+ and Cl- were detected in the tissue of petioles and old leaves. N and K contents in the tissue of leave, petiole and root decreased rapidly with the increase of NaCl concentrations. P content showed an increasing pattern in these tissues. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase showed increasing patterns with increase in salt concentrations. Moreover, osmoprotectants such as free amino acids and betaine increased in concentration as the external salinity increased. Two organic acids (malate and citrate) involved in tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle exhibited increasing contents under salt stress. Lastly, we found that Rubisco activity was inhibited under salt stress. The activity of NADP-malic enzyme, NADP-malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase showed a trend that first increased and then decreased. Their activities were highest with salinity at 140 mM NaCl. Our study has contributed to the understanding of the sugar beet physiological and metabolic response mechanisms under different degrees of salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
- Sugar Beet Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Academy of Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
- The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy
| | - Lihua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
- Sugar Beet Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Academy of Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xuewei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jing Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Gui Geng
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
- Sugar Beet Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Academy of Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
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79
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Choudhury FK, Rivero RM, Blumwald E, Mittler R. Reactive oxygen species, abiotic stress and stress combination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:856-867. [PMID: 27801967 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1057] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the acclimation process of plants to abiotic stress. They primarily function as signal transduction molecules that regulate different pathways during plant acclimation to stress, but are also toxic byproducts of stress metabolism. Because each subcellular compartment in plants contains its own set of ROS-producing and ROS-scavenging pathways, the steady-state level of ROS, as well as the redox state of each compartment, is different at any given time giving rise to a distinct signature of ROS levels at the different compartments of the cell. Here we review recent studies on the role of ROS in abiotic stress in plants, and propose that different abiotic stresses, such as drought, heat, salinity and high light, result in different ROS signatures that determine the specificity of the acclimation response and help tailor it to the exact stress the plant encounters. We further address the role of ROS in the acclimation of plants to stress combination as well as the role of ROS in mediating rapid systemic signaling during abiotic stress. We conclude that as long as cells maintain high enough energy reserves to detoxify ROS, ROS is beneficial to plants during abiotic stress enabling them to adjust their metabolism and mount a proper acclimation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroza K Choudhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Rosa M Rivero
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed. 25, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 5, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
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80
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Braakman R, Follows MJ, Chisholm SW. Metabolic evolution and the self-organization of ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3091-E3100. [PMID: 28348231 PMCID: PMC5393222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619573114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism mediates the flow of matter and energy through the biosphere. We examined how metabolic evolution shapes ecosystems by reconstructing it in the globally abundant oceanic phytoplankter Prochlorococcus To understand what drove observed evolutionary patterns, we interpreted them in the context of its population dynamics, growth rate, and light adaptation, and the size and macromolecular and elemental composition of cells. This multilevel view suggests that, over the course of evolution, there was a steady increase in Prochlorococcus' metabolic rate and excretion of organic carbon. We derived a mathematical framework that suggests these adaptations lower the minimal subsistence nutrient concentration of cells, which results in a drawdown of nutrients in oceanic surface waters. This, in turn, increases total ecosystem biomass and promotes the coevolution of all cells in the ecosystem. Additional reconstructions suggest that Prochlorococcus and the dominant cooccurring heterotrophic bacterium SAR11 form a coevolved mutualism that maximizes their collective metabolic rate by recycling organic carbon through complementary excretion and uptake pathways. Moreover, the metabolic codependencies of Prochlorococcus and SAR11 are highly similar to those of chloroplasts and mitochondria within plant cells. These observations lead us to propose a general theory relating metabolic evolution to the self-amplification and self-organization of the biosphere. We discuss the implications of this framework for the evolution of Earth's biogeochemical cycles and the rise of atmospheric oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier Braakman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Michael J Follows
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Sallie W Chisholm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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81
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Gomes MP, Bicalho EM, Smedbol É, Cruz FVDS, Lucotte M, Garcia QS. Glyphosate Can Decrease Germination of Glyphosate-Resistant Soybeans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2279-2286. [PMID: 28245120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different concentrations of glyphosate acid and one of its formulations (Roundup) on seed germination of two glyphosate-resistant (GR) and one non-GR variety of soybean. As expected, the herbicide affected the shikimate pathway in non-GR seeds but not in GR seeds. We observed that glyphosate can disturb the mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to H2O2 accumulation in soybean seeds, which was, in turn, related to lower seed germination. In addition, GR seeds showed increased activity of antioxidant systems when compared to non-GR seeds, making them less vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by glyphosate. The differences in the responses of GR varieties to glyphosate exposure corresponded to their differences in enzymatic activity related to H2O2 scavenging and mitochondrial complex III (the proposed site of ROS induction by glyphosate). Our results showed that glyphosate ought to be used carefully as a pre-emergence herbicide in soybean field crop systems because this practice may reduce seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisa Monteze Bicalho
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Élise Smedbol
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal , C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fernanda Vieira da Silva Cruz
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marc Lucotte
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal , C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Queila Souza Garcia
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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82
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Phenolic constituents and modulatory effects of Raffia palm leaf ( Raphia hookeri) extract on carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:494-500. [PMID: 29034198 PMCID: PMC5634752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effects of Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) leaf extract on enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pro-oxidant induced oxidative stress in rat pancreas. The extract was prepared and its α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects were determined. Radical [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)] scavenging and Fe2+-chelating abilities, and inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas homogenate were assessed. Furthermore, total phenol and flavonoid contents, reducing property, and high performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) fingerprint of the extract were also determined. Our results revealed that the extract inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 110.4 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 99.96 μg/mL) activities in concentration dependent manners which were lower to the effect of acarbose (amylase: IC50 = 18.30 μg/mL; glucosidase: IC50 = 20.31 μg/mL). The extract also scavenged DPPH radical, chelated Fe2+ and inhibited Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas all in concentration dependent manners with IC50 values of 402.9 μg/mL, 108.9 μg/mL and 367.0 μg/mL respectively. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were 39.73 mg GAE/g and 21.88 mg QAE/g respectively, while the reducing property was 25.62 mg AAE/g. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid (4.17 mg/g) and rutin (5.11 mg/g) as the major phenolic compounds in the extract. Therefore, the ability of the extract to inhibit carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes and protect against pancreatic oxidative damage may be an important mechanisms supporting its antidiabetic properties and could make Raffia palm leaf useful in complementary/alternative therapy for management of T2DM. However, further studies such as in vivo should be carried out.
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83
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Tamás L, Zelinová V. Mitochondrial complex II-derived superoxide is the primary source of mercury toxicity in barley root tip. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 209:68-75. [PMID: 28013172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced superoxide generation and significant inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity followed by a strong reduction of root growth were detected in barley seedlings exposed to a 5μM Hg concentration for 30min, which increased further in an Hg dose-dependent manner. While at a 25μM Hg concentration no cell death was detectable, a 50μM Hg treatment triggered cell death in the root meristematic zone, which was markedly intensified after the treatment of roots with 100μM Hg and was detectable in the whole root tips. Generation of superoxide and H2O2 was a very rapid response of root tips occurring even after 5min of exposure to Hg. Application of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor or the inhibition of electron flow in mitochondria by the inhibition of complex I did not influence the Hg-induced H2O2 production. Treatment of roots with thenoyltrifluoroacetone, a non-competitive inhibitor of SDH, markedly reduced root growth and induced both superoxide and H2O2 production in a dose dependent manner. Similar to results obtained in intact roots, Hg strongly inhibited SDH activity in the crude mitochondrial fraction and caused a considerable increase of superoxide production, which was markedly reduced by the competitive inhibitors of SDH. These results indicate that the mitochondrial complex II-derived superoxide is the primary source of Hg toxicity in the barley root tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Veronika Zelinová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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84
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Ahmed B, Dwivedi S, Abdin MZ, Azam A, Al-Shaeri M, Khan MS, Saquib Q, Al-Khedhairy AA, Musarrat J. Mitochondrial and Chromosomal Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress in Zn 2+ Ions, ZnO-Bulk and ZnO-NPs treated Allium cepa roots. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40685. [PMID: 28120857 PMCID: PMC5264391 DOI: 10.1038/srep40685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale synthesis and release of nanomaterials in environment is a growing concern for human health and ecosystem. Therefore, we have investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), zinc oxide bulk (ZnO-Bulk), and zinc ions (Zn2+) in treated roots of Allium cepa, under hydroponic conditions. ZnO-NPs were characterized by UV-visible, XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy and TEM analyses. Bulbs of A. cepa exposed to ZnO-NPs (25.5 nm) for 12 h exhibited significant decrease (23 ± 8.7%) in % mitotic index and increase in chromosomal aberrations (18 ± 7.6%), in a dose-dependent manner. Transmission electron microcopy and FT-IR data suggested surface attachment, internalization and biomolecular intervention of ZnO-NPs in root cells, respectively. The levels of TBARS and antioxidant enzymes were found to be significantly greater in treated root cells vis-à-vis untreated control. Furthermore, dose-dependent increase in ROS production and alterations in ΔΨm were observed in treated roots. FT-IR analysis of root tissues demonstrated symmetric and asymmetric P=O stretching of >PO2- at 1240 cm-1 and stretching of C-O ribose at 1060 cm-1, suggestive of nuclear damage. Overall, the results elucidated A. cepa, as a good model for assessment of cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage with ZnO-NPs and Zn2+ in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India
| | - Sourabh Dwivedi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India
- Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India
| | | | - Ameer Azam
- Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India
| | - Majed Al-Shaeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India
- School of Biosciences and Biodiversity, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, J & K, India
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85
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Gomes MP, da Silva Cruz FV, Bicalho EM, Borges FV, Fonseca MB, Juneau P, Garcia QS. Effects of glyphosate acid and the glyphosate-commercial formulation (Roundup) on Dimorphandra wilsonii seed germination: Interference of seed respiratory metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:452-459. [PMID: 27726979 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-formulations are widely used in the Brazilian Cerrado (neotropical savanna) with little or no control, threatening population of the endangered species Dimorphandra wilsonii. We investigated the toxicity of different concentrations (0, 5, 25 and 50 mg l-1) of glyphosate acid and one of its formulations (Roundup®) on seed germination in D. wilsonii. Glyphosate acid and Roundup drastically decreased seed germination by decreasing seed respiration rates. The activation of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase assure no hydrogen peroxide accumulation in exposed seeds. Glyphosate acid and the Roundup-formulation negatively affected the activities of enzymes associated with the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), with Complex III as its precise target. The toxicity of Roundup-formulation was greater than that of glyphosate acid due to its greater effects on respiration. The herbicide glyphosate must impair D. wilsonii seed germination by disrupting the mitochondrial ETC, resulting in decreased energy (ATP) production. Our results therefore indicate the importance of avoiding (or closely regulating) the use of glyphosate-based herbicides in natural Cerrado habitats of D. wilsonni as they are toxic to seed germination and therefore threaten conservation efforts. It will likewise be important to investigate the effects of glyphosate on the seeds of other species and to investigate the impacts of these pesticides elsewhere in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Vieira da Silva Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisa Monteze Bicalho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Viègas Borges
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcia Bacelar Fonseca
- Fundação Zoo-Botânica de Belo Horizonte, Departamento de Jardim Botânico, Avenida Otacílio Negrão de Lima, 8000, Pampulha, 31365-450, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Biological Sciences, GRIL-TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Queila Souza Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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86
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Dahal K, Martyn GD, Alber NA, Vanlerberghe GC. Coordinated regulation of photosynthetic and respiratory components is necessary to maintain chloroplast energy balance in varied growth conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:657-671. [PMID: 28011719 PMCID: PMC5441918 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a non-energy-conserving alternative oxidase (AOX) proposed to support photosynthesis, perhaps by promoting energy balance under varying growth conditions. To investigate this, wild-type (WT) Nicotiana tabacum were compared with AOX knockdown and overexpression lines. In addition, the amount of AOX protein in WT plants was compared with that of chloroplast light-harvesting complex II (LHCB2), whose amount is known to respond to chloroplast energy status. With increased growth irradiance, WT leaves maintained higher rates of respiration in the light (RL), but no differences in RL or photosynthesis were seen between the WT and transgenic lines, suggesting that, under non-stress conditions, AOX was not critical for leaf metabolism, regardless of growth irradiance. However, under drought, the AOX amount became an important determinant of RL, which in turn was an important determinant of chloroplast energy balance (measured as photosystem II excitation pressure, EP), and photosynthetic performance. In the WT, the AOX amount increased and the LHCB2 amount decreased with increased growth irradiance or drought severity. These changes in protein amounts correlated strongly, in opposing ways, with growth EP. This suggests that a signal deriving from the photosynthetic electron transport chain status coordinately controls the amounts of AOX and LHCB2, which then both contribute to maintaining chloroplast energy balance, particularly under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Greg D Martyn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
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87
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Tamás L, Mistrík I, Zelinová V. Cadmium activates both diphenyleneiodonium- and rotenone-sensitive superoxide production in barley root tips. PLANTA 2016; 244:1277-1287. [PMID: 27534965 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mild Cd stress-activated diphenyleneiodonium-sensitive superoxide production is utilized in root morphogenic responses, while severe Cd stress-induced robust rotenone-sensitive superoxide generation may lead to cell and root death. In barley, even a few minute exposure of roots to Cd concentration higher than 10 µM evoked a strong superoxide generation in the root transition zone. This superoxide generation was strongly inhibited by the inhibition of mitochondrial electron flow into complex III in the presence of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone. Similarly, the superoxide generation induced by antimycin A, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III, was considerably reduced by rotenone, suggesting the involvement of complex III also in the severe Cd stress-induced superoxide generation. This severe Cd stress-induced superoxide generation was followed by an extensive cell death in this part of the root tip, which similar to the superoxide generation, was eliminated by rotenone co-treatment. In turn, mild Cd stress-induced diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)-sensitive superoxide generation was observed only in the post-stressed roots, suggesting that it is not directly associated with Cd toxicity. Diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, markedly inhibited the mild Cd stress-induced radial expansion of root apex, indicating that enhanced DPI-sensitive superoxide production is required for rapid isotropic cell growth. Severe Cd stress, probably through the inhibition of complex III, caused a rapid and robust superoxide generation leading to cell and/or root death. By contrast, mild Cd stress did not evoke oxidative stress, and the enhanced DPI-sensitive superoxide generation is utilized in adaptive morphogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Igor Mistrík
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Zelinová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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88
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Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is one of the terminal oxidases of the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. AOX acts as a means to relax the highly coupled and tensed electron transport process in mitochondria thus providing and maintaining the much needed metabolic homeostasis by directly reducing oxygen to water. In the process AOX also act as facilitator for signaling molecules conveying the metabolic status of mitochondria to the nucleus and thus able to influence nuclear gene expression. Since AOX indirectly, is able to control the synthesis of important signaling molecules like hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, thus it is also helping in stress signaling. AOX mediated signaling and metabolic activities are very much important for plant stress response. This include both biotic (fungal, bacterial, viral, etc.) and abiotic (drought, salinity, cold, heavy metal, etc.) stresses. The review provides a gist of regulation and functioning of AOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedabrata Saha
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Gennadii Borovskii
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Sanjib Kumar Panda
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
- CONTACT Sanjib Kumar Panda
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89
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Carmody M, Waszczak C, Idänheimo N, Saarinen T, Kangasjärvi J. ROS signalling in a destabilised world: A molecular understanding of climate change. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 203:69-83. [PMID: 27364884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change results in increased intensity and frequency of extreme abiotic and biotic stress events. In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate in proportion to the level of stress and are major signalling and regulatory metabolites coordinating growth, defence, acclimation and cell death. Our knowledge of ROS homeostasis, sensing, and signalling is therefore key to understanding the impacts of climate change at the molecular level. Current research is uncovering new insights into temporal-spatial, cell-to-cell and systemic ROS signalling pathways, particularly how these affect plant growth, defence, and more recently acclimation mechanisms behind stress priming and long term stress memory. Understanding the stabilising and destabilising factors of ROS homeostasis and signalling in plants exposed to extreme and fluctuating stress will concomitantly reveal how to address future climate change challenges in global food security and biodiversity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Carmody
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Cezary Waszczak
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Niina Idänheimo
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo Saarinen
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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90
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Sudawan B, Chang CS, Chao HF, Ku MSB, Yen YF. Hydrogen cyanamide breaks grapevine bud dormancy in the summer through transient activation of gene expression and accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:202. [PMID: 27627883 PMCID: PMC5024461 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and pruning (P) have frequently been used to break dormancy in grapevine floral buds. However, the exact underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to address the early mode of action of these treatments on accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and expression of related genes in the dormancy breaking buds of grapevine in the summer. RESULTS The budbreak rates induced by pruning (P), hydrogen cyanamide (HC), pruning plus hydrogen cyanamide (PHC) and water (control) after 8 days were 33, 53, 95, and 0 %, respectively. Clearly, HC was more effective in stimulating grapevine budbreak and P further enhanced its potency. In situ staining of longitudinal bud sections after 12 h of treatments detected high levels of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) accumulated in the buds treated with PHC, compared with HC or P alone. The amounts of ROS and NO accumulated were highly correlated with the rates of budbreak among these treatments, highlighting the importance of a rapid, transient accumulation of sublethal levels of ROS and RNS in dormancy breaking. Microarray analysis revealed specific alterations in gene expression in dormancy breaking buds induced by P, HC and PHC after 24 h of treatment. Relative to control, PHC altered the expression of the largest number of genes, while P affected the expression of the least number of genes. PHC also exerted a greater intensity in transcriptional activation of these genes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggests that alteration in expression of ROS related genes is the major factor responsible for budbreak. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the transient expression dynamics of 12 specific genes related to ROS generation and scavenge during the 48 h treatment with PHC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that rapid accumulation of ROS and NO at early stage is important for dormancy release in grapevine in the summer, and the identification of the commonly expressed specific genes among the treatments allowed the construction of the signal transduction pathway related to ROS/RNS metabolism during dormancy release. The rapid accumulation of a sublethal level of ROS/RNS subsequently induces cell wall loosening and expansion for bud sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonyawat Sudawan
- Ph.D. Program of Agricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chang
- Department of Farmers’ Services, Council of Agriculture, Taipei, 10014 Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-fung Chao
- Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Tainan, 71246 Taiwan
| | - Maurice S. B. Ku
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004 Taiwan
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236 USA
| | - Yung-fu Yen
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004 Taiwan
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91
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Lima-Melo Y, Carvalho FEL, Martins MO, Passaia G, Sousa RHV, Neto MCL, Margis-Pinheiro M, Silveira JAG. Mitochondrial GPX1 silencing triggers differential photosynthesis impairment in response to salinity in rice plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:737-48. [PMID: 26799169 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The physiological role of plant mitochondrial glutathione peroxidases is scarcely known. This study attempted to elucidate the role of a rice mitochondrial isoform (GPX1) in photosynthesis under normal growth and salinity conditions. GPX1 knockdown rice lines (GPX1s) were tested in absence and presence of 100 mM NaCl for 6 d. Growth reduction of GPX1s line under non-stressful conditions, compared with non-transformed (NT) plants occurred in parallel to increased H2 O2 and decreased GSH contents. These changes occurred concurrently with photosynthesis impairment, particularly in Calvin cycle's reactions, since photochemical efficiency did not change. Thus, GPX1 silencing and downstream molecular/metabolic changes modulated photosynthesis differentially. In contrast, salinity induced reduction in both phases of photosynthesis, which were more impaired in silenced plants. These changes were associated with root morphology alterations but not shoot growth. Both studied lines displayed increased GPX activity but H2 O2 content did not change in response to salinity. Transformed plants exhibited lower photorespiration, water use efficiency and root growth, indicating that GPX1 could be important to salt tolerance. Growth reduction of GPX1s line might be related to photosynthesis impairment, which in turn could have involved a cross talk mechanism between mitochondria and chloroplast originated from redox changes due to GPX1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Lima-Melo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fabricio E L Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcio O Martins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gisele Passaia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rachel H V Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Milton C Lima Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joaquim A G Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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92
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Ozfidan-Konakci C, Uzilday B, Ozgur R, Yildiztugay E, Sekmen AH, Turkan I. Halophytes as a source of salt tolerance genes and mechanisms: a case study for the Salt Lake area, Turkey. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:575-589. [PMID: 32480488 DOI: 10.1071/fp15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The worst case scenario of global climate change predicts both drought and salinity would be the first environmental factors restricting agriculture and natural ecosystems, causing decreased crop yields and plant growth that would directly affect human population in the next decades. Therefore, it is vital to understand the biology of plants that are already adapted to these extreme conditions. In this sense, extremophiles such as the halophytes offer valuable genetic information for understanding plant salinity tolerance and to improve the stress tolerance of crop plants. Turkey has ecological importance for its rich biodiversity with up to 3700 endemic plants. Salt Lake (Lake Tuz) in Central Anatolia, one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world, is surrounded by salty marshes, with one of the most diverse floras in Turkey, where arid and semiarid areas have increased due to low rainfall and high evaporation during the summer season. Consequently, the Salt Lake region has a large number of halophytic, xerophytic and xero-halophytic plants. One good example is Eutrema parvulum (Schrenk) Al-Shehbaz & Warwick, which originates from the Salt Lake region, can tolerate up to 600mM NaCl. In recent years, the full genome of E. parvulum was published and it has been accepted as a model halophyte due to its close relationship (sequence identity in range of 90%) with Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.). In this context, this review will focus on tolerance mechanisms involving hormone signalling, accumulation of compatible solutes, ion transporters, antioxidant defence systems, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling mechanism of some lesser-known extremophiles growing in the Salt Lake region. In addition, current progress on studies conducted with E. parvulum will be evaluated to shed a light on future prospects for improved crop tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rengin Ozgur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, 42250, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - A Hediye Sekmen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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93
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Mishra P, Mishra V, Takabe T, Rai V, Singh NK. Elucidation of salt-tolerance metabolic pathways in contrasting rice genotypes and their segregating progenies. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1273-86. [PMID: 26993328 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Differentially expressed antioxidant enzymes, amino acids and proteins in contrasting rice genotypes, and co-location of their genes in the QTLs mapped using bi-parental population, indicated their role in salt tolerance. Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint limiting rice productivity. Salt-tolerant 'CSR27', salt-sensitive 'MI48'and their extreme tolerant and sensitive recombinant inbred line (RIL) progenies were used for the elucidation of salt stress tolerance metabolic pathways. Salt stress-mediated biochemical and molecular changes were analyzed in the two parents along with bulked-tolerant (BT) and bulked-sensitive (BS) extreme RILs. The tolerant parent and BT RILs suffered much lower reduction in the chlorophyll as compared to their sensitive counterparts. Activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant ascorbic acid were much higher in salt-stressed CSR27 and BT RILs than MI48 and BS RILs. Further, the tolerant lines showed significant enhancement in the levels of amino acids methionine and proline in response to salt stress in comparison to the sensitive lines. Similarly, the tolerant genotypes showed minimal reduction in cysteine content whereas sensitive genotypes showed a sharp reduction. Real time PCR analysis confirmed the induction of methionine biosynthetic pathway (MBP) enzymes cystathionine-β synthase (CbS), S-adenosyl methionine synthase (SAMS), S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) and serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT) genes in tolerant lines, suggesting potential role of the MBP in conferring salt tolerance in rice variety CSR27. Proteome profiling also confirmed higher expression of SOD, POD and plastidic CbS and other proteins in the tolerant lines, whose genes were co-located in the QTL intervals for salt tolerance mapped in the RIL population. The study signifies integrated biochemical-molecular approach for identifying salt tolerance genes for genetic improvement for stress tolerant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Mishra
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
- Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vagish Mishra
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Teruhiro Takabe
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Vandna Rai
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
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94
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Xu D, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Gao B. Effects of biochar amendment on relieving cadmium stress and reducing cadmium accumulation in pepper. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12323-12331. [PMID: 26976015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is widely used in agricultural soils or heavy metal-polluted soils to improve the quality of the soils, which would affect the growth of the plant. However, the information of biochars' effect on the plant growth was still lacking, especially for the physiological response of the plant. Pot experiments were used to examine the effect of willow-derived biochars at two temperatures (450 and 600 °C) on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in pepper and to reveal the response of physiological parameters to exogenous Cd stress (1 and 5 mg/kg). The results showed that the accumulation of Cd in pepper roots was higher than that in pepper shoots. For low level of Cd treatments, high additional rates of the biochars could obviously reduce the accumulation of Cd in the pepper roots. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the C content of the biochar-amended soils and the Cd content of the pepper root, suggesting that the application of biochar to the soil decreased the Cd accumulation in the root. A positive relationship between the H/C ratios of biochar-amended soils and their corresponding Cd concentrations in pepper root indicated that low thermal temperature-derived biochar could play an important role in immobilizing Cd in the soil. Furthermore, on the condition of low Cd level of treatments, the malondialdehyde content decreased in biochar-amended soils, especially at high biochar application rate. The chlorophyll content increased with increasing the rates of the biochar application. The physiological parameters indirectly proved that the application of biochar did not always alleviate the toxic effects of Cd on pepper leaves at high Cd concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huaidong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
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95
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Pu XJ, Li YN, Wei LJ, Xi DH, Lin HH. Mitochondrial energy-dissipation pathway and cellular redox disruption compromises Arabidopsis resistance to turnip crinkle virus infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:421-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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96
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Dahro B, Wang F, Peng T, Liu JH. PtrA/NINV, an alkaline/neutral invertase gene of Poncirus trifoliata, confers enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses by modulating ROS levels and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27025596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N-INV), an enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose irreversibly into glucose and fructose, is essential for normal plant growth,development, and stress tolerance. However, the physiological and/or molecular mechanism underpinning the role of A/N-INV in abiotic stress tolerance is poorly understood. RESULTS In this report, an A/N-INV gene (PtrA/NINV) was isolated from Poncirus trifoliata, a cold-hardy relative of citrus, and functionally characterized. PtrA/NINV expression levels were induced by cold, salt, dehydration, sucrose, and ABA, but decreased by glucose. PtrA/NINV was found to localize in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Overexpression of PtrA/NINV conferred enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses, including cold, high salinity, and drought, as supported by lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced oxidative damages, decreased water loss rate, and increased photosynthesis efficiency, relative to wild-type (WT). The transgenic plants exhibited higher A/N-INV activity and greater reducing sugar content under normal and stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS PtrA/NINV is an important gene implicated in sucrose decomposition, and plays a positive role in abiotic stress tolerance by promoting osmotic adjustment, ROS detoxification and photosynthesis efficiency. Thus, PtrA/NINV has great potential to be used in transgenic breeding for improvement of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachar Dahro
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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97
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Adenine nucleotide-dependent and redox-independent control of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:810-8. [PMID: 26946085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is important for sustaining cellular growth and maintenance; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying individual processes in plant mitochondria remain largely uncharacterized. Previous redox-proteomics studies have suggested that mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH), a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and redox shuttling, is under thiol-based redox regulation as a target candidate of thioredoxin (Trx). In addition, the adenine nucleotide status may be another factor controlling mitochondrial metabolism, as respiratory ATP production in mitochondria is believed to be influenced by several environmental stimuli. Using biochemical and reverse-genetic approaches, we addressed the redox- and adenine nucleotide-dependent regulation of mMDH in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recombinant mMDH protein formed intramolecular disulfide bonds under oxidative conditions, but these bonds did not have a considerable effect on mMDH activity. Mitochondria-localized o-type Trx (Trx-o) did not facilitate re-reduction of oxidized mMDH. Determination of the in vivo redox state revealed that mMDH was stably present in the reduced form even in Trx-o-deficient plants. Accordingly, we concluded that mMDH is not in the class of redox-regulated enzymes. By contrast, mMDH activity was lowered by adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP). Each adenine nucleotide suppressed mMDH activity with different potencies and ATP exerted the largest inhibitory effect with a significantly lower K(I). Correspondingly, mMDH activity was inhibited by the increase in ATP/ADP ratio within the physiological range. These results suggest that mMDH activity is finely controlled in response to variations in mitochondrial adenine nucleotide balance.
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98
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Garcia L, Welchen E, Gey U, Arce AL, Steinebrunner I, Gonzalez DH. The cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis factor AtCOX17 modulates stress responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:628-44. [PMID: 26436309 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
COX17 is a soluble protein from the mitochondrial intermembrane space that participates in the transfer of copper for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly in eukaryotic organisms. In this work, we studied the function of both Arabidopsis thaliana AtCOX17 genes using plants with altered expression levels of these genes. Silencing of AtCOX17-1 in a cox17-2 knockout background generates plants with smaller rosettes and decreased expression of genes involved in the response of plants to different stress conditions, including several genes that are induced by mitochondrial dysfunctions. Silencing of either of the AtCOX17 genes does not affect plant development or COX activity but causes a decrease in the response of genes to salt stress. In addition, these plants contain higher reactive oxygen and lipid peroxidation levels after irrigation with high NaCl concentrations and are less sensitive to abscisic acid. In agreement with a role of AtCOX17 in stress and abscisic acid responses, both AtCOX17 genes are induced by several stress conditions, abscisic acid and mutation of the transcription factor ABI4. The results indicate that AtCOX17 is required for optimal expression of a group of stress-responsive genes, probably as a component of signalling pathways that link stress conditions to gene expression responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Garcia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Uta Gey
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Biology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Agustín L Arce
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iris Steinebrunner
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Biology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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99
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Liao JC, Hsieh WY, Tseng CC, Hsieh MH. Dysfunctional chloroplasts up-regulate the expression of mitochondrial genes in Arabidopsis seedlings. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 127:151-9. [PMID: 26008795 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts and mitochondria play important roles in maintaining metabolic and energy homeostasis in the plant cell. The interactions between these two organelles, especially photosynthesis and respiration, have been intensively studied. Still, little is known about the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression by chloroplasts and vice versa. The gene expression machineries in chloroplasts and mitochondria rely heavily on the nuclear genome. Thus, the interactions between nucleus and these organelles, including anterograde and retrograde regulation, have been actively investigated in the last two decades. Norflurazon (NF) and lincomycin (Lin) are two commonly used inhibitors to study chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling in plants. We used NF and Lin to block the development and functions of chloroplasts and examined their effects on mitochondrial gene expression, RNA editing and splicing. The editing of most mitochondrial transcripts was not affected, but the editing extents of nad4-107, nad6-103, and ccmFc-1172 decreased slightly in NF- and Lin-treated seedlings. While the splicing of mitochondrial transcripts was not significantly affected, steady-state mRNA levels of several mitochondrial genes increased significantly in NF- and Lin-treated seedlings. Moreover, Lin seemed to have more profound effects than NF on the expression of mitochondrial genes, indicating that signals derived from these two inhibitors might be distinct. NF and Lin also significantly induced the expression of nuclear genes encoding subunits of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes. Thus, dysfunctional chloroplasts may coordinately up-regulate the expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of respiratory complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Chien Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Tseng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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100
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Arnholdt-Schmitt B, Ragonezi C, Cardoso H. Do Mitochondria Play a Central Role in Stress-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis? Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1359:87-100. [PMID: 26619859 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3061-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights a four-step rational for the hypothesis that mitochondria play an upstream central role for stress-induced somatic embryogenesis (SE): (1) Initiation of SE is linked to programmed cell death (PCD) (2) Mitochondria are crucially connected to cell death (3) SE is challenged by stress per se (4) Mitochondria are centrally linked to plant stress response and its management. Additionally the review provides a rough perspective for the use of mitochondrial-derived functional marker (FM) candidates to improve SE efficiency. It is proposed to apply SE systems as phenotyping tool for identifying superior genotypes with high general plasticity under severe plant stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt
- EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM, IIFA, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, Évora, 7002-554, Portugal.
| | - Carla Ragonezi
- EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM, IIFA, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, Évora, 7002-554, Portugal
| | - Hélia Cardoso
- EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM, IIFA, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, Évora, 7002-554, Portugal
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