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Carmona-Ribeiro AM, Mathiazzi BI, Pérez-Betancourt Y. Cationic Nanostructures as Adjuvants for Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2412:233-245. [PMID: 34918247 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spherical or discoidal lipid polymer nanostructures bearing cationic charges successfully adsorb a variety of oppositely charged antigens (Ag) such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, or oligonucleotides. This report provides instructions for the preparation and physical characterization of four different cationic nanostructures able to combine and deliver antigens to the immune system: (1) dioctadecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) bilayer fragments (DODAB BF); (2) polystyrene sulfate (PSS) nanoparticles (NPs) covered with one cationic dioctadecyl dimethylammonium bromide bilayer (DODAB) named (PSS/DODAB); (3) cationic NPs of biocompatible polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) prepared by emulsion polymerization of the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer in the presence of DODAB BF (PMMA/DODAB NPs); (4) antigen NPs (NPs) where the cationic polymer poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) directly combined at nontoxic and low dose with the antigen (Ag); when the oppositely charged model antigen is ovalbumin (OVA), NPs are named PDDA/OVA. These nanostructures provide adequate microenvironments for carrying and delivering antigens to the antigen-presenting cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Ideriha Mathiazzi
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yunys Pérez-Betancourt
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carmona-Ribeiro AM. Supramolecular Nanostructures for Vaccines. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 35076466 PMCID: PMC8788484 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although this is an era of pandemics and many devastating diseases, this is also a time when bionanotechnology flourishes, illuminating a multidisciplinary field where vaccines are quickly becoming a balsam and a prevention against insidious plagues. In this work, we tried to gain and also give a deeper understanding on nanovaccines and their way of acting to prevent or cure cancer, infectious diseases, and diseases caused by parasites. Major nanoadjuvants and nanovaccines are temptatively exemplified trying to contextualize our own work and its relative importance to the field. The main properties for novel adjuvants seem to be the nanosize, the cationic character, and the biocompatibility, even if it is achieved in a low dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, Butantan, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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Madge HYR, Huang W, Gilmartin L, Rigau-Planella B, Hussein WM, Khalil ZG, Koirala P, Santiago VS, Capon RJ, Toth I, Stephenson RJ. Physical mixture of a cyclic lipopeptide vaccine induced high titres of opsonic IgG antibodies against group A streptococcus. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:281-293. [PMID: 34853841 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01333e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Untreated or reoccurring group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection can lead to a number of post-infection complications, including rheumatic heart disease. There is no licenced vaccine for the treatment or prevention of GAS infection. We identified that a cyclic decapeptide plays a significant positive influence on the adjuvant activity of several lipid-antigen mixtures. Here, three synthetic vaccine components were synthesised: (1) J8-PADRE represents the GAS B cell antigen (J8) conjugated to the universal T helper epitope (PADRE); (2) a synthetic toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand based on a C16 alkyl chain lipid moiety; and (3) a cyclic carrier deca-peptide. Previously, through structure-immune activity investigations, it was observed that a physical mixture of these three components had significantly higher IgG immune responses when compared to a fully conjugated vaccine construct. Expanding the scope of this structure-activity investigation, we show that the presence of the cyclic peptide is required for the induction of a strong, balanced Th1/Th2 immune response when compared with lipid and antigen only, and cyclic lipopeptide plus B/T cell antigen physical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Y R Madge
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Wenbin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Lachlan Gilmartin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Berta Rigau-Planella
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Zeinab G Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Viviene S Santiago
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel J Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Helmy LA, Abdel-Halim M, Hassan R, Sebak A, Farghali HAM, Mansour S, Tammam SN. The other side to the use of active targeting ligands; the case of folic acid in the targeting of breast cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112289. [PMID: 34954516 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to its overexpression in cancer cells, the folate receptor (FR) is heavily exploited in the active targeting of nanoparticles (NPs). Its ligand, folic acid (FA) is as a consequence widely used as a NP targeting ligand. Although rather popular and successful in principle, recent data has shown that FA may result in breast cancer initiation and progression, which questions the suitability of FA as NP cancer targeting ligand. In this work, intravenous administration of free FA to healthy female mice resulted in breast tissue dysplasia, hyperplasia and in the increased expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), folate receptor (FR), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15.3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β. In addition to the reduction in IL2. To evaluate the suitability and safety of FA as NP targeting ligand in breast cancer, small (≈ 150 nm) and large (≈ 500 nm) chitosan NPs were formulated and decorated with two densities of FA. The success of active targeting by FA was confirmed in two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells) in comparison to HEK293 cells. FA modified NPs that demonstrated successful active targeting in-vitro were assessed in-vivo. Upon intravenous administration, large NPs modified with a high density of FA accumulated in the breast tissue and resulted in similar effects as those observed with free FA. These results therefore question the suitability of FA as a targeting ligand in breast cancer and shed light on the importance of considering the activity (other than targeting) of the ligands used in NP active targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama A Helmy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghda Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haithem A M Farghali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy- Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Egypt.
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Shalash AO, Hussein WM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Hookworm infection: Toward development of safe and effective peptide vaccines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1394-1419.e6. [PMID: 34872650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hookworms are hematophagous nematode parasites that have infected a billion people worldwide. Anthelmintic drugs have limited efficacy and do not prevent reinfection. Therefore, prophylactic vaccines are in high demand. Whole parasite vaccines are allergic and unsafe; thus, research into subunit vaccines has been warranted. A comprehensive overview of protein or peptide subunit vaccines' safety, protective efficacy, and associated immune responses is provided herein. The differences between the immune responses against hookworm infection by patients from epidemic versus nonepidemic areas are discussed in detail. Moreover, the different immunologic mechanisms of protection are discussed, including those that rely on allergic and nonallergic humoral and antibody-dependent cellular responses. The allergic and autoimmune potential of hookworm antigens is also explored, as are the immunoregulatory responses induced by the hookworm secretome. The potential of oral mucosal immunizations has been overlooked. Oral immunity against hookworms is a long-lived and safer immune response that is associated with elimination of infection and protective against reinfections. However, the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal environment necessitates special oral delivery systems to unlock vaccines' protective potential. The potential for development of safer and more effective peptide- and protein-based anthelmintic vaccines is explored herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Nanoalum adjuvanted vaccines: small details make a big difference. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101544. [PMID: 34895823 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purified vaccine antigens offer important safety and reactogenicity advantages compared with live attenuated or whole killed virus and bacterial vaccines. However, they require the addition of adjuvants to induce the magnitude, duration and quality of immune response required to achieve protective immunity. Aluminium salts have been used as adjuvants in vaccines for almost a century. In the literature, they are often referred to as aluminium-based adjuvants (ABAs), or aluminium salt-containing adjuvants or more simply "alum". All these terms are used to group aluminium suspensions that are very different in terms of atomic composition, size, and shape. They differ also in stability, antigen-adsorption, and antigen-release kinetics. Critically, these parameters also have a profound effect on the character and magnitude of the immune response elicited. Recent findings suggest that, by reducing the size of aluminium from micro to nanometers, a more effective adjuvant is obtained, together with the ability to sterile filter the vaccine product. However, the behaviour of aluminium nanoparticles in vaccine formulations is different from microparticles, requiring specific formulation strategies, as well as a more detailed understanding of how formulation influences the immune response generated. Here we review the current state of art of aluminium nanoparticles as adjuvants, with a focus on their immunobiology, preparation methods, formulation optimisation and stabilisation.
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57
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Innate Immunity Modulating Impurities and the Immunotoxicity of Nanobiotechnology-Based Drug Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237308. [PMID: 34885886 PMCID: PMC8658779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity can be triggered by the presence of microbial antigens and other contaminants inadvertently introduced during the manufacture and purification of bionanopharmaceutical products. Activation of these innate immune responses, including cytokine secretion, complement, and immune cell activation, can result in unexpected and undesirable host immune responses. These innate modulators can also potentially stimulate the activation of adaptive immune responses, including the formation of anti-drug antibodies which can impact drug effectiveness. To prevent induction of these adverse responses, it is important to detect and quantify levels of these innate immunity modulating impurities (IIMIs) that may be present in drug products. However, while it is universally agreed that removal of IIMIs from drug products is crucial for patient safety and to prevent long-term immunogenicity, there is no single assay capable of directly detecting all potential IIMIs or indirectly quantifying downstream biomarkers. Additionally, there is a lack of agreement as to which of the many analytical assays currently employed should be standardized for general IIMI screening. Herein, we review the available literature to highlight cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying IIMI-mediated inflammation and its relevance to the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. We further discuss methodologies used for direct and indirect IIMI identification and quantification.
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58
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Mi Y, Chen Y, Gu G, Miao Q, Tan W, Li Q, Guo Z. New synthetic adriamycin-incorporated chitosan nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant, antitumor activities and pH-sensitive drug release. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118623. [PMID: 34561017 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, adriamycin-incorporated chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelation using negatively charged carboxymethyl chitosan and positively charged 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan. The method was efficient to obtain nanoparticles with low polydispersity index and small hydrodynamic diameter. And high zeta potential value indicated that nanoparticles had good stability. The adriamycin release of nanoparticles represented a significant response to pH, with the fastest release in phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.8. Meanwhile, the antioxidant efficiency of nanoparticles was assayed, and nanoparticles represented significant enhancement in radicals scavenging activity. The assay of cell viability by CCK-8 test exhibited that nanoparticles led to statistically significant decrease in cell viability for four kinds of cancer cells (HEPG-2, A549, MCF-7, and BGC-823). It was indicated that the nanoparticles with enhanced biological activity, reduced cytotoxicity, and pH-sensitive release could be served as potential drug carrier in drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Mi
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Guodong Gu
- Alliance Pharma, Inc., 17 Lee Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Qin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Bukar AM, Jesse FFA, Abdullah CAC, Noordin MM, Lawan Z, Mangga HK, Balakrishnan KN, Azmi MLM. Immunomodulatory Strategies for Parapoxvirus: Current Status and Future Approaches for the Development of Vaccines against Orf Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1341. [PMID: 34835272 PMCID: PMC8624149 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), the prototype species of the parapoxvirus genus, is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, an extremely devastating skin disease of sheep, goats, and humans that causes enormous economic losses in livestock production. ORFV is known for its ability to repeatedly infect both previously infected and vaccinated sheep due to several immunomodulatory genes encoded by the virus that temporarily suppress host immunity. Therefore, the development of novel, safe and effective vaccines against ORFV infection is an important priority. Although, the commercially licensed live-attenuated vaccines have provided partial protection against ORFV infections, the attenuated viruses have been associated with major safety concerns. In addition to safety issues, the persistent reinfection of vaccinated animals warrants the need to investigate several factors that may affect vaccine efficacy. Perhaps, the reason for the failure of the vaccine is due to the long-term adaptation of the virus in tissue culture. In recent years, the development of vaccines against ORFV infection has achieved great success due to technological advances in recombinant DNA technologies, which have opened a pathway for the development of vaccine candidates that elicit robust immunity. In this review, we present current knowledge on immune responses elicited by ORFV, with particular attention to the effects of the viral immunomodulators on the host immune system. We also discuss the implications of strain variation for the development of rational vaccines. Finally, the review will also aim to demonstrate future strategies for the development of safe and efficient vaccines against ORFV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhaji Modu Bukar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (H.K.M.); (K.N.B.)
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, Maiduguri 1070, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | | | - Mustapha M. Noordin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (H.K.M.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Zaharaddeen Lawan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (H.K.M.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Hassana Kyari Mangga
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (H.K.M.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (H.K.M.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Mohd-Lila Mohd Azmi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (H.K.M.); (K.N.B.)
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Braz Gomes K, D’Sa S, Allotey-Babington GL, Kang SM, D’Souza MJ. Transdermal Vaccination with the Matrix-2 Protein Virus-like Particle (M2e VLP) Induces Immunity in Mice against Influenza A Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1324. [PMID: 34835255 PMCID: PMC8619166 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, our goal was to utilize the extracellular domain matrix-2 protein virus-like particle (M2e VLP) that has been found to be highly conserved amongst all strains of influenza and could serve as a potential vaccine candidate against influenza. Previous studies have demonstrated that the VLP of the M2e showed increased activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, to further explore its level of efficacy and protection, this vaccine was administered transdermally and tested in a pre-clinical mouse model. The M2e VLP was encapsulated into a polymeric matrix with the addition of Alhydrogel® and Monophosphoryl Lipid-A (MPL-A®), together referred to as AS04. The M2e VLP formulations induced IgG titers, with increased levels of IgG1 in the M2e VLP MP groups and further elevated levels of IgG2a were found specifically in the M2e VLP MP Adjuvant group. This trend in humoral immunity was also observed from a cell-mediated standpoint, where M2e VLP MP groups showed increased expression in CD4+ T cells in the spleen and the lymph node and high levels of CD8+ T cells in the lymph node. Taken together, the results illustrate the immunogenic potential of the matrix-2 protein virus-like particle (M2e VLP) vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Braz Gomes
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (S.D.); (G.L.A.-B.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Sucheta D’Sa
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (S.D.); (G.L.A.-B.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Grace Lovia Allotey-Babington
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (S.D.); (G.L.A.-B.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Martin J. D’Souza
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (S.D.); (G.L.A.-B.); (M.J.D.)
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Want MY, Yadav P, Khan R, Chouhan G, Islamuddin M, Aloyouni SY, Chattopadhyay AP, AlOmar SY, Afrin F. Critical Antileishmanial in vitro Effects of Highly Examined Gold Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7285-7295. [PMID: 34737566 PMCID: PMC8560327 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s268548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current therapeutic armory for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani complex is inadequate, coupled with serious limitations. Combination therapy has proved ineffective due to mounting resistance; however, the search for safe and effective drugs is desirable, in the absence of any vaccine. There is a growing interest in the application of nanoparticles for the therapeutic effectiveness of leishmaniasis. Aimed in this direction, we assessed the antileishmanial effect of gold nanoparticles (GNP) against L. donovani in vitro. Methods GNP were synthesized and characterized for particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and for optical properties by UV-visible spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity of GNP was measured by the MTT proliferation assay. The antileishmanial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against L. donovani promastigotes and macrophage-infected amastigotes in vitro. Results GNP showed a strong SPR peak at 520 nm and mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of 56.0 ± 10 nm, 0.3 ± 0.1 and −27.0 ± 3 mV, respectively. The GNPs were smooth and spherical with a mean particle diameter of 20 ± 5 nm. Nanoparticles [1.2–100 µM] did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line, but exerted significant activity against both promastigotes and amastigote stages of L. donovani with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 18.4 ± 0.4 µM and 5.0 ± 0.3 µM, respectively. GNP showed significant antileishmanial activity with deformed morphology of parasites and the least number of surviving promastigotes after growth reversibility analysis. Conclusion GNP may provide a platform to conjugate antileishmanial drugs onto the surface of nanoparticles to enhance their therapeutic effectiveness against VL. Further work is warranted, involving more in-depth mechanistic studies and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Yaqub Want
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Priya Yadav
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Rakin Khan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Garima Chouhan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sheka Yagub Aloyouni
- Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suliman Yousef AlOmar
- Doping Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madina, 41477, Saudi Arabia
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Pérez-Betancourt Y, Araujo PM, Távora BDCLF, Pereira DR, Faquim-Mauro EL, Carmona-Ribeiro AM. Cationic and Biocompatible Polymer/Lipid Nanoparticles as Immunoadjuvants. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111859. [PMID: 34834275 PMCID: PMC8621050 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructures have been of paramount importance for developing immunoadjuvants. They must be cationic and non-cytotoxic, easily assembling with usually oppositely charged antigens such as proteins, haptens or nucleic acids for use in vaccines. We obtained optimal hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) from the biocompatible polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the cationic lipid dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DODAB) by emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of DODAB. NPs adsorbed ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen and we determined their adjuvant properties. Interestingly, they elicited high double immune responses of the cellular and humoral types overcoming the poor biocompatibility of DODAB-based adjuvants of the bilayer type. The results suggested that the novel adjuvant would be possibly of use in a variety of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunys Pérez-Betancourt
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (Y.P.-B.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Péricles Marques Araujo
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (Y.P.-B.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Bianca de Carvalho Lins Fernandes Távora
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500 Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (B.d.C.L.F.T.); (D.R.P.); (E.L.F.-M.)
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1730 Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Rodrigues Pereira
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500 Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (B.d.C.L.F.T.); (D.R.P.); (E.L.F.-M.)
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1730 Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Eliana Lima Faquim-Mauro
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500 Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (B.d.C.L.F.T.); (D.R.P.); (E.L.F.-M.)
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1730 Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (Y.P.-B.); (P.M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Hueso M, Mallén A, Suñé-Pou M, Aran JM, Suñé-Negre JM, Navarro E. ncRNAs in Therapeutics: Challenges and Limitations in Nucleic Acid-Based Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111596. [PMID: 34769025 PMCID: PMC8584088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging therapeutic tools but there are barriers to their translation to clinical practice. Key issues concern the specificity of the targets, the delivery of the molecules, and their stability, while avoiding “on-target” and “off-target” side effects. In this “ncRNA in therapeutics” issue, we collect several studies of the differential expression of ncRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, bone metabolism-related disorders, neurology, and oncology, and their potential to be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Moreover, we review recent advances in the use of antisense ncRNAs in targeted therapies with a particular emphasis on their basic biological mechanisms, their translational potential, and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hueso
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.N.); Tel.: +34-932607602 (M.H.); Fax: +34-932607603 (M.H.)
| | - Adrián Mallén
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Marc Suñé-Pou
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.)
| | - Josep M. Aran
- Immunoinflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Lab, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Josep M. Suñé-Negre
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.)
| | - Estanislao Navarro
- Independent Researcher, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.N.); Tel.: +34-932607602 (M.H.); Fax: +34-932607603 (M.H.)
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Sun H, Hu W, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Yao X, Teng L, Wang X, Chai D, Zheng J, Wang G. Using PAMPs and DAMPs as adjuvants in cancer vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5546-5557. [PMID: 34520322 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1964316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cancer has attracted considerable attention. As one of the immunotherapeutics, tumor vaccines exert great potential for cancer immunotherapy. The most important components in tumor vaccines are antigens and adjuvants, which determine the therapeutic safety and efficacy, respectively. After decades of research, many types of adjuvants have been developed. Although these adjuvants can induce strong and long-lasting immune responses in tumor immunity, they also cause more severe toxic side effects and are therefore not suitable for use in humans. With the development of innate immunity research, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are receiving more attention in vaccine design. However, whether they have the potential to become new adjuvants remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this review is to provide newideas for the research and development of new adjuvants by discussing the mechanisms and related functions of PAMPs and DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyou Sun
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Yan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zichun Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xuefan Yao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ling Teng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Center Of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center For The Collaboration And Innovation Of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center Of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center For The Collaboration And Innovation Of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Center Of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center For The Collaboration And Innovation Of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Bhutta ZA, Kanwal A, Ali M, Kulyar MFEA, Yao W, Shoaib M, Ashar A, Mahfooz A, Ijaz M, Ijaz N, Asif M, Nawaz S, Mahfooz MR, Kanwal T. Emerging nanotechnology role in the development of innovative solutions against COVID-19 pandemic. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:482001. [PMID: 34320471 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac189e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak is creating severe impressions on all facets of the global community. Despite strong measures worldwide to try and re-achieve normalcy, the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to survive sturdy ecological settings may contribute to its rapid spread. Scientists from different aspects of life are working together to develop effective treatment strategies against SARS-CoV-2. Apart from using clinical devices for patient recovery, the key focus is on developing antiviral drugs and vaccines. Given the physical size of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen and with the vaccine delivery platform currently undergoing clinical trials, the link between nanotechnology is clear, and previous antiviral research using nanomaterials confirms this link. Nanotechnology based products can effectively suppress various pathogens, including viruses, regardless of drug resistance, biological structure, or physiology. Thus, nanotechnology is opening up new dimensions for developing new strategies for diagnosing, preventing, treating COVID-19 and other viral ailments. This article describes the application of nanotechnology against the COVID-19 virus in terms of therapeutic purposes and vaccine development through the invention of nanomaterial based substances such as sanitizers (handwashing agents and surface disinfectants), masks and gowns, amongst other personal protective equipment, diagnostic tools, and nanocarrier systems, as well as the drawbacks and challenges of nanotechnology that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Kanwal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Moazam Ali
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Ashar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ashar Mahfooz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Tahreem Kanwal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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Kim SH, Lee DH, Choi S, Yang JY, Jung K, Jeong J, Oh JH, Lee JH. Skin Sensitization Potential and Cellular ROS-Induced Cytotoxicity of Silica Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082140. [PMID: 34443968 PMCID: PMC8399877 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, various industries using nanomaterials are growing rapidly, and in particular, as the commercialization and use of nanomaterials increase in the cosmetic field, the possibility of exposure of nanomaterials to the skin of product producers and consumers is increasing. Due to the unique properties of nanomaterials with a very small size, they can act as hapten and induce immune responses and skin sensitization, so accurate identification of toxicity is required. Therefore, we selected silica nanomaterials used in various fields such as cosmetics and biomaterials and evaluated the skin sensitization potential step-by-step according to in-vitro and in-vivo alternative test methods. KeratinoSensTM cells of modified keratinocyte and THP-1 cells mimicking dendritic-cells were treated with silica nanoparticles, and their potential for skin sensitization and cytotoxicity were evaluated, respectively. We also confirmed the sensitizing ability of silica nanoparticles in the auricle-lymph nodes of BALB/C mice by in-vivo analysis. As a result, silica nanoparticles showed high protein binding and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cytotoxicity, but no significant observation of skin sensitization indicators was observed. Although more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of skin sensitization by nanomaterials, the results of this study showed that silica nanoparticles did not induce skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Kim
- Correspondence: (S.-H.K.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-43-719-5110 (S.-H.K.); +82-43-719-5106 (J.H.L.); Fax.: +82-43-719-5100 (S.-H.K. & J.H.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Hee Lee
- Correspondence: (S.-H.K.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-43-719-5110 (S.-H.K.); +82-43-719-5106 (J.H.L.); Fax.: +82-43-719-5100 (S.-H.K. & J.H.L.)
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Atalis A, Dixon JB, Roy K. Soluble and Microparticle-Based Delivery of TLR4 and TLR9 Agonists Differentially Modulate 3D Chemotaxis of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001899. [PMID: 33928762 PMCID: PMC9211062 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are commonly administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and local immune cells, notably dendritic cells (DCs), play a significant role in transporting vaccine antigens and adjuvants to draining lymph nodes. Here, it is compared how soluble and biomaterial-mediated delivery of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-targeted adjuvants, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA, TLR4 ligand) and 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' DNA (CpG DNA, TLR9 ligand), modulate 3D chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) toward lymphatic chemokine gradients. Within microfluidic devices containing 3D collagen-based matrices to mimic tissue conditions, soluble MPLA increases BMDC chemotaxis toward gradients of CCL19 and CCL21, while soluble CpG has no effect. Delivering CpG on poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles (MPs) enhances BMDC chemotaxis compared to MPLA-encapsulated MPs, and when co-delivered, MPLA and CpG do not synergistically enhance BMDC migration. It is concluded that supplementing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-derived BMDC culture with interleukin-4 is necessary to induce CCR7 expression and chemotaxis of BMDCs. Different cell subsets in BMDC culture upregulate CCR7 in response to soluble versus biomaterial-loaded MPLA and CpG, and CCR7 expression does not consistently correlate with functional migration. The results show both adjuvant type and delivery method influence chemotaxis of DCs, and these findings uncover new directions for the rational design of vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Atalis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing (MC3M), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Nanoparticles Loading Adriamycin Based on 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan Grafting Folic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142229. [PMID: 34300987 PMCID: PMC8309428 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles have been considered as potential candidates for drug loading/release in drug delivery systems. In this paper, nanoparticles (HACAFNP) loading adriamycin based on 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan grafting folic acid (HACF) were synthesized. The surface morphology of the novel nanoparticles was spherical or oval, and the nanoparticles exhibited a relatively small hydrodynamic diameter (85.6 ± 2.04 nm) and positive zeta potential (+21.06 ± 0.96 mV). The drug release of nanoparticles was assayed and represented a burst effect followed by a long-term steady release. Afterward, the antioxidant efficiencies of nanoparticles were assayed. In particular, the target nanoparticles exhibited significant enhancement in radical scavenging activities. Cytotoxicities against cancer cells (MCF-7, BGC-823, and HEPG-2) were estimated in vitro, and results showed nanoparticles inhibited the growth of cancer cells. It's worth noting that the inhibition index of HACAFNP against BGC-823 cells was 71.19% with the sample concentration of 25 μg/mL, which was much higher than the inhibitory effect of ADM. It was demonstrated that the novel nanoparticles with dramatically enhanced biological activity, reduced cytotoxicity, and steady release could be used as the practical candidates for drug loading/release in a delivery system.
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Abstract
Introduction: The oral route of vaccination is pain- and needle-free and can induce systemic and mucosal immunity. However, gastrointestinal barriers and antigen degradation impose significant hurdles in the development of oral vaccines. Live attenuated viruses and bacteria can overcome these barriers but at the risk of introducing safety concerns. As an alternative, particles have been investigated for antigen protection and delivery, yet there are no FDA-approved oral vaccines based on particle-based delivery systems. Our objective was to discover underlying determinants that can explain the current inadequacies and identify paradigms that can be implemented in future for successful development of oral vaccines relying on particle-based delivery systems.Areas covered: We reviewed literature related to the use of particles for oral vaccination and placed special emphasis on formulation characteristics and administration schedules to gain an insight into how these parameters impact production of antigen-specific antibodies in systemic and mucosal compartments.Expert opinion: Despite the long history of vaccines, particle-based oral vaccination is a relative new field with the first study published in 1989. Substantial variability exists between different studies with respect to dosing schedules, number of doses, and the amount of vaccine per dose. Most studies have not used adjuvants in the formulations. Better standardization in vaccination parameters is required to improve comparison between experiments, and adjuvants should be used to enhance the systemic and mucosal immune responses and to reduce the number of doses, which will make oral vaccines more attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonzalez-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Sadiq IZ, Abubakar FS, Dan-Iya BI. Role of nanoparticles in tackling COVID-19 pandemic: a bio-nanomedical approach. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1944488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence in Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Sadiq Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence in Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- National Agricultural Extension and Liaison Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya
- Pharmacy Technician Departments, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Ho TT, Pham VT, Nguyen TT, Trinh VT, Vi T, Lin HH, Nguyen PMT, Bui HT, Pham NB, Le TBT, Phan CV, Chang HC, Hsiao WWW, Chu HH, Pham MD. Effects of Size and Surface Properties of Nanodiamonds on the Immunogenicity of Plant-Based H5 Protein of A/H5N1 Virus in Mice. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061597. [PMID: 34204514 PMCID: PMC8234943 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) has recently emerged as a potential nanomaterial for nanovaccine development. Here, a plant-based haemagglutinin protein (H5.c2) of A/H5N1 virus was conjugated with detonation NDs (DND) of 3.7 nm in diameter (ND4), and high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) oxidative NDs of ~40-70 nm (ND40) and ~100-250 nm (ND100) in diameter. Our results revealed that the surface charge, but not the size of NDs, is crucial to the protein conjugation, as well as the in vitro and in vivo behaviors of H5.c2:ND conjugates. Positively charged ND4 does not effectively form stable conjugates with H5.c2, and has no impact on the immunogenicity of the protein both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the negatively oxidized NDs (ND40 and ND100) are excellent protein antigen carriers. When compared to free H5.c2, H5.c2:ND40, and H5.c2:ND100 conjugates are highly immunogenic with hemagglutination titers that are both 16 times higher than that of the free H5.c2 protein. Notably, H5.c2:ND40 and H5.c2:ND100 conjugates induce over 3-folds stronger production of both H5.c2-specific-IgG and neutralizing antibodies against A/H5N1 than free H5.c2 in mice. These findings support the innovative strategy of using negatively oxidized ND particles as novel antigen carriers for vaccine development, while also highlighting the importance of particle characterization before use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Thi Ho
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van Thi Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tra Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Vy Thai Trinh
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tram Vi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
- Faculty of Medical Biotechnology—Plant Biotechnology—Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hsin-Hung Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
| | - Phuong Minh Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
| | - Huyen Thi Bui
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
| | - Ngoc Bich Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thao Bich Thi Le
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
| | - Chi Van Phan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
| | - Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan;
| | - Ha Hoang Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.H.C.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Minh Dinh Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (V.T.P.); (T.T.N.); (V.T.T.); (T.V.); (P.M.T.N.); (H.T.B.); (N.B.P.); (T.B.T.L.); (C.V.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.H.C.); (M.D.P.)
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Jin JW, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ, Wong WL. Preparation of a water soluble aminated β-1,3-D-glucan for gene carrier: The in vitro study of the anti-inflammatory activity and transfection efficiency. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2506-2515. [PMID: 34110080 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
β-1,3-D-glucan has been reported to have a series of bioactivities including antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects; however, its insolubility in neutral aqueous solution significantly restricts the potential application in biological and medicine fields. Herein, a water-soluble aminated β-1,3-D-glucan (AG) was synthesized and the anti-inflammatory effect, cytotoxicity and plasmid DNA (pDNA) binding capacity of AG, serum stability, the particle sizes and zeta potentials of AG/pDNA nanocomposites, and the transfection efficiency and mechanism of action were studied. AG shows no obvious cytotoxicity within the range of working concentration (1-64 μg/ml) and it exerts potent anti-inflammatory effect independent on Dectin-1 and TLR2. AG/pDNA nanocomposites prepared by electrostatic interaction possess an appropriate particle size ranged from 192.8 to 118.4 nm and zeta potentials ranged from 20.880 to 27.16 mV with the N/P ratios from 5 to 100. AG/pDNA nanocomposites at the N/P ratios of 10 and 20 were able to show superior transfection efficiencies in RAW 264.7 cells as a result of their suitable particle size, zeta potential, anti-inflammatory effect, and the specific interaction with pattern recognition receptors (Dectin-1 and TLR2). These results indicate that AG is a potential candidate for DNA delivery system due to its potent anti-inflammatory effect and high transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Min Zhi Rong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
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Rinaldi FM, Gaspar EB, Brito LT, Gaspari ED. Immunogenicity of antigens from outer membrane vesicles of Neisseria meningitidis associated with bilayer fragment of dioctadecyldimethylammonium in Swiss adult mice. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:106-122. [PMID: 34222123 PMCID: PMC8217576 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the present study, meningococcal serogroup B outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were associated with bilayer fragments of a cationic lipid, dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DDA-BF), used as adjuvant, in an antigenic preparation tested in adult female outbred mice. This adjuvant was compared to the traditional adjuvant aluminum hydroxide. Materials and Methods The potential in generating humoral response was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Individual serum was collected and immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b were quantified. Analyses were carried out 15 and 60 days after immunization. Antibodies avidity index were also analyzed by ELISA. Immunoblot and dot-ELISA were carried out to evaluate specific reaction for homologous strains and cross-reactive antigens present in other meningococcal strains isolated in 2011–2012 year, in Brazil. Delayed type hypersensitivity was used as indicative of cellular immunity and compared between two experimental groups, 24 hours after homologous strain challenge. Results The OMVs of Neisseria meningitidis, and N. lactamica (related species) were characterized by electrophoretic separation of proteins in 13% polyacrylamide gel. The strains presented antigens in the range of 8 to 130 kDa, showing a heterogeneous protein migration pattern. In the group immunized with OMVs/DDA-BF, we found no significant production of total IgG 15 days after the first immunization. On the other hand, 60 days after first immunization both adjuvants act benefiting total IgG production similarly. The antibodies of the IgG isotype produced by animals immunized after one or two doses after first immunization, showed intermediate and high avidity, independent on the adjuvant used. In both experimental groups the swelling of the footpads was significantly higher than those of the controls, suggesting that only one dose was enough to stimulate the generation of cellular immunity. Conclusion The use of this cationic adjuvant for N. meningitidis OMVs preparation revealed good potential for future new antigen preparation for N. meningitidis vaccine.
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Froimchuk E, Oakes RS, Kapnick SM, Yanes AA, Jewell CM. Biophysical Properties of Self-Assembled Immune Signals Impact Signal Processing and the Nature of Regulatory Immune Function. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3762-3771. [PMID: 33881872 PMCID: PMC8119350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes during immunotherapy are impacted not only by the specific therapeutic signals and pharmacodynamics, but also by the biophysical forms in which signals are delivered. This integration is determinative in autoimmunity because the disease is caused by immune dysregulation and inflammation. Unfortunately, the links between nanomaterial design, biophysical properties, and immune regulation are poorly defined. Here we designed cationic peptide antigens with defined charge distributions and then used electrostatics to assemble these peptides into complexes with anionic regulatory cues. We first show complexes induce antigen-specific tolerance during myelin-driven autoimmunity. We next show the affinity between these immune cues is controlled by charge balance and that affinity confers distinct biophysical properties important in immunological processing, including antigen availability. The underlying binding affinities between the self-assembled signals influences inflammatory gene expression in dendritic cells and antigen-specific regulatory outcomes in self-reactive transgenic T cells. This granular understanding of nanomaterial-immune interactions contributes to a more rational immunotherapy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Froimchuk
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Robert S. Oakes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21202
| | - Senta M. Kapnick
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Alexis A. Yanes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21202
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD, 20742
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201
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López L, Chiribao ML, Girard MC, Gómez KA, Carasi P, Fernandez M, Hernandez Y, Robello C, Freire T, Piñeyro MD. The cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase from Trypanosoma cruzi induces a pro-inflammatory Th1 immune response in a peroxidatic cysteine-dependent manner. Immunology 2021; 163:46-59. [PMID: 33410127 PMCID: PMC8044337 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase (c-TXNPx) is a 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) with an important role in detoxifying host cell oxidative molecules during parasite infection. c-TXNPx is a virulence factor, as its overexpression enhances parasite infectivity and resistance to exogenous oxidation. As Prxs from other organisms possess immunomodulatory properties, we studied the effects of c-TXNPx in the immune response and analysed whether the presence of the peroxidatic cysteine is necessary to mediate these properties. To this end, we used a recombinant c-TXNPx and a mutant version (c-TXNPxC52S) lacking the peroxidatic cysteine. We first analysed the oligomerization profile, oxidation state and peroxidase activity of both proteins by gel filtration, Western blot and enzymatic assay, respectively. To investigate their immunological properties, we analysed the phenotype and functional activity of macrophage and dendritic cells and the T-cell response by flow cytometry after injection into mice. Our results show that c-TXNPx, but not c-TXNPxC52S, induces the recruitment of IL-12/23p40-producing innate antigen-presenting cells and promotes a strong specific Th1 immune response. Finally, we studied the cellular and humoral immune response developed in the context of parasite natural infection and found that only wild-type c-TXNPx induces proliferation and high levels of IFN-γ secretion in PBMC from chronic patients without demonstrable cardiac manifestations. In conclusion, we demonstrate that c-TXNPx possesses pro-inflammatory properties that depend on the presence of peroxidatic cysteine that is essential for peroxidase activity and quaternary structure of the protein and could contribute to rational design of immune-based strategies against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de VacunasDepartamento de InmunobiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Unidad de Biología MolecularInstitut Pasteur MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - María Laura Chiribao
- Unidad de Biología MolecularInstitut Pasteur MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Departamento de BioquímicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Magalí C. Girard
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por TripanosomátidosInstituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI‐CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Karina A. Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por TripanosomátidosInstituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI‐CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Paula Carasi
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de VacunasDepartamento de InmunobiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Marisa Fernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología ‘Doctor Mario Fatala Chabén’Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Yolanda Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología ‘Doctor Mario Fatala Chabén’Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biología MolecularInstitut Pasteur MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Departamento de BioquímicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Teresa Freire
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de VacunasDepartamento de InmunobiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - María Dolores Piñeyro
- Unidad de Biología MolecularInstitut Pasteur MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Departamento de BioquímicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
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Lyophilized yeast powder for adjuvant free thermostable vaccine delivery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3131-3143. [PMID: 33834253 PMCID: PMC8032460 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thermolabile nature of commercially available vaccines necessitates their storage, transportation, and dissemination under refrigerated condition. Maintenance of continuous cold chain at every step increases the final cost of vaccines. Any breach in the cold chain even for a short duration results in the need to discard the vaccines. As a result, there is a pressing need for the development of thermostable vaccines. In this proof-of-concept study, we showed that E. coli curli-green fluorescent fusion protein remains stable in freeze-dried yeast powder for more than 18 and 12 months when stored at 30 °C and 37 °C respectively. Stability of the heterologous protein remains unaffected during the process of heat-inactivation and lyophilization. The mass of lyophilized yeast powder remains almost unchanged during the entire period of storage and expressed protein remains intact even after two cycles of freeze and thaws. The protease-deficient strain appears ideal for the development of whole recombinant yeast-based vaccines. The cellular abundance of expressed antigen in dry powder after a year was comparable to freshly lyophilized cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed the intact nature of cells in powdered form even after a year of storage at 30 °C. Observation made in this study showed that freeze-dry yeast powder can play a vital role in the development of thermostable vaccines. Key Points • Yeast-based vaccines can overcome problem of cold chain associated with conventional vaccines • Lyophilized yeast powder can be a simple way for long-term storage of immunogen(s) • Protease deficient strain is important for whole recombinant yeast-based vaccines
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Silva AJD, de Macêdo LS, Leal LRS, de Jesus ALS, Freitas AC. Yeasts as a promising delivery platform for DNA and RNA vaccines. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:foab018. [PMID: 33837785 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are considered a useful system for the development of vaccines for human and veterinary health. Species such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris have been used successfully as host organisms for the production of subunit vaccines. These organisms have been also explored as vaccine vehicles enabling the delivery of antigens such as proteins and nucleic acids. The employed species possess a GRAS status (Generally Recognized as Safe) for the production of therapeutic proteins, besides promoting immunostimulation due to the properties of their wall cell composition. This strategy allows the administration of nucleic acids orally and a specific delivery to professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this review, we seek to outline the development of whole yeast vaccines (WYV) carrying nucleic acids in different approaches in the medical field, as well as the immunological aspects of this vaccine strategy. The data presented here reveal the application of this platform in promoting effective immune responses in the context of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva de Macêdo
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lígia Rosa Sales Leal
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Santos de Jesus
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Freitas
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Huang J, Liu H, Wang M, Bai X, Cao J, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Mannosylated gelatin nanoparticles enhanced inactivated PRRSV targeting dendritic cells and increased T cell immunity. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 235:110237. [PMID: 33838542 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel antigen carrier using mannosylated gelatin nanoparticles with entrapped inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in inducing T cell mediated immunity in vitro. Gelatin nanoparticles (GNP) were modified with mannose to form mannosylated gelatin nanoparticles (MnGNP), which can efficiently and specifically target monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The inactivated PRRSV was encapsulated in the MnGNP and GNP, referred to as MnGNP-PRRSV and GNP-PRRSV, respectively. All these prepared nanometer particles were characterized for size, surface charge, drug encapsulation efficiency, and drug release. The efficacy of MnGNP in targeting MoDCs was investigated, as well as the subsequent MoDCs maturation and T cell mediated cytotoxicity. The developed MnGNP-PRRSV particle was characterized with a nanometric size of 302.67 ± 3.2 nm, surface charge of 23.81 ± 1.26 mV, and PRRSV encapsulation efficiency of 63.2 ± 1.85 %. The maximum uptake of MnGNP in MoDCs in vitro was 15.5 times higher than GNP with a shorter reaction time that peaked 4 h earlier. The uptake of MnGNP-PRRSV induced maturation of MoDCs and significantly enhanced expression of SWC-3a, CD80, CD1, SLA I, SLA II on MoDCs, compared to PRRSV (p < 0.001). The cytokine secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 was also increased in MoDCs when treated with MnGNP-PRRSV, compared to PRRSV (p < 0.05). The matured MoDCs triggered T lymphocytes in autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) activation, proliferation, and differentiation into effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte, suggesting increased amount of activated T cells after MnGNP-PRRSV treatment. Additionally, the function of T cells to kill PRRSV infected cells was 83.98 ± 2.62 % when triggered by MnGNP-PRRSV, compared to 60 ± 4.7 % in PRRSV group (p < 0.001). These results indicate that MnGNP with entrapped inactivated PRRSV can effectively and specifically target dendritic cells for maturation and activation, and subsequently improve T cell activation, proliferation and function to kill PRRSV infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, PR China
| | - Meichen Wang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Xianchang Bai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, PR China
| | - Junxiong Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, PR China
| | - Qinfu Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, PR China; Institute of Immunology, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, PR China.
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Fries CN, Curvino EJ, Chen JL, Permar SR, Fouda GG, Collier JH. Advances in nanomaterial vaccine strategies to address infectious diseases impacting global health. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1-14. [PMID: 32807876 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming success of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases, there remain numerous globally devastating diseases without fully protective vaccines, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria and tuberculosis. Nanotechnology approaches are being developed both to design new vaccines against these diseases as well as to facilitate their global implementation. The reasons why a given pathogen may present difficulties for vaccine design are unique and tied to the co-evolutionary history of the pathogen and humans, but there are common challenges that nanotechnology is beginning to help address. In each case, a successful vaccine will need to raise immune responses that differ from the immune responses raised by normal infection. Nanomaterials, with their defined compositions, commonly modular construction, and length scales allowing the engagement of key immune pathways, collectively facilitate the iterative design process necessary to identify such protective immune responses and achieve them reliably. Nanomaterials also provide strategies for engineering the trafficking and delivery of vaccine components to key immune cells and lymphoid tissues, and they can be highly multivalent, improving their engagement with the immune system. This Review will discuss these aspects along with recent nanomaterial advances towards vaccines against infectious disease, with a particular emphasis on HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Fries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jui-Lin Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve G Fouda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Paston SJ, Brentville VA, Symonds P, Durrant LG. Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627932. [PMID: 33859638 PMCID: PMC8042385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination was first pioneered in the 18th century by Edward Jenner and eventually led to the development of the smallpox vaccine and subsequently the eradication of smallpox. The impact of vaccination to prevent infectious diseases has been outstanding with many infections being prevented and a significant decrease in mortality worldwide. Cancer vaccines aim to clear active disease instead of aiming to prevent disease, the only exception being the recently approved vaccine that prevents cancers caused by the Human Papillomavirus. The development of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been disappointing with many early cancer vaccines that showed promise in preclinical models often failing to translate into efficacy in the clinic. In this review we provide an overview of the current vaccine platforms, adjuvants and delivery systems that are currently being investigated or have been approved. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, we also review the potential of these to be used with cancer vaccines to improve efficacy and help to overcome the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Symonds
- Biodiscovery Institute, Scancell Limited, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy G. Durrant
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Mayor A, Thibert B, Huille S, Respaud R, Audat H, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Inhaled antibodies: formulations require specific development to overcome instability due to nebulization. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1625-1633. [PMID: 33768475 PMCID: PMC7993445 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Respiratory infections are life-threatening and therapeutic antibodies (Ab) have a tremendous opportunity to benefit to patients with pneumonia due to multidrug resistance bacteria or emergent virus, before a vaccine is manufactured. In respiratory infections, inhalation of anti-infectious Ab may be more relevant than intravenous (IV) injection-the standard route-to target the site of infection and improve Ab therapeutic index. One major challenge associated to Ab inhalation is to prevent protein instability during the aerosolization process. Ab drug development for IV injection aims to design a high-quality product, stable to different environment stress. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of Ab formulations developed for IV injection to be extended for inhalation delivery. We studied the aerosol characteristics and the aggregation profile of three Ab formulations developed for IV injection after nebulization, with two mesh nebulizers. Although the formulations for IV injection were compatible with mesh nebulization and deposition into the respiratory tract, the Ab were more unstable during nebulization than exposition to a vigorous shaking. Overall, our findings indicate that Ab formulations developed for IV delivery may not easily be repurposed for inhalation delivery and point to the requirement of a specific formulation development for inhaled Ab. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13346-021-00967-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexie Mayor
- INSERM, Centre D'Etude Des Pathologies Respiratoires, Universite François Rabelais de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, U1100F-37032, Tours, France
- University of Tours, Tours, France
- Sanofi, Formulation and Process Development, Impasse Des Ateliers, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Béatrice Thibert
- Sanofi, Formulation and Process Development, Impasse Des Ateliers, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sylvain Huille
- Sanofi, Formulation and Process Development, Impasse Des Ateliers, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Héloïse Audat
- Sanofi, Formulation and Process Development, Impasse Des Ateliers, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre D'Etude Des Pathologies Respiratoires, Universite François Rabelais de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, U1100F-37032, Tours, France.
- University of Tours, Tours, France.
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Hepatitis B core-based virus-like particles: A platform for vaccine development in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:e00605. [PMID: 33732633 PMCID: PMC7937989 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a class of structures formed by the self-assembly of viral capsid protein subunits and contain no infective viral genetic material. The Hepatitis B core (HBc) antigen is capable of assembling into VLPs that can elicit strong immune responses and has been licensed as a commercial vaccine against Hepatitis B. The HBc VLPs have also been employed as a platform for the presentation of foreign epitopes to the immune system and have been used to develop vaccines against, for example, influenza A and Foot-and-mouth disease. Plant expression systems are rapid, scalable and safe, and are capable of providing correct post-translational modifications and reducing upstream production costs. The production of HBc-based virus-like particles in plants would thus greatly increase the efficiency of vaccine production. This review investigates the application of plant-based HBc VLP as a platform for vaccine production.
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83
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Early immune response in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) after immunization with oral vaccine. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 56:101708. [PMID: 33636281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been used in the field of biomedicine as antigen carriers and adjuvants for protective antigens. In the present study, an oral nanovaccine against Vibrio alginolyticus was prepared employing MSNs as carriers. The uptake of the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) antigens in the intestine of large yellow croaker was evaluated using an immunohistochemistry assay. Additionally, the effects of the nanovaccine on the early immune response in large yellow croaker were investigated via oral vaccination. The presence of the antigens was detected in the mucosa and lamina propria of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut of large yellow croaker at 3 h following oral immunization. The expression levels of cytokines (i.e., lysozyme, IFN-γ, IFITM, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) in the intestine, spleen, and head kidney tissues of large yellow croaker before and after the immune challenge were determined via RT-qPCR assay. The obtained results revealed that the expression levels of lysozyme, IFN-γ, IFITM, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 in the intestine and head kidney of the vaccinated large yellow croaker, as well as the expression of lysozyme, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the spleen, exhibited time-dependent oscillation regulation patterns. Notably, the nanovaccine immunization could induce early (6 h) and high expression of IFN-γ in the spleen and kidney tissues after the bacterial infection. The current study supplements the available data on the early immune response to fish nanovaccines. It also provides a valuable theoretical basis for the future development of large yellow croaker oral vaccines.
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Applying Microfluidics for the Production of the Cationic Liposome-Based Vaccine Adjuvant CAF09b. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121237. [PMID: 33352684 PMCID: PMC7767004 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines require particulate adjuvants to induce the desired immune responses. Pre-clinical manufacturing methods of adjuvants are often batch dependent, which complicates scale-up for large-scale good manufacturing practice (GMP) production. The cationic liposomal adjuvant CAF09b, composed of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDA), monomycoloyl glycerol analogue 1 (MMG) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], is currently being clinically evaluated in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Microfluidics is a promising new method for large-scale manufacturing of particle-based medicals, which is scalable from laboratory to GMP production, and a protocol for production of CAF09b by this method was therefore validated. The influence of the manufacture parameters [Ethanol] (20–40% v/v), [Lipid] (DDA and MMG, 6–12 mg/mL) and dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] (0–10% v/v) on the resulting particle size, colloidal stability and adsorption of poly(I:C) was evaluated in a design-of-experiments study. [Ethanol] and [DMSO] affected the resulting particle sizes, while [Lipid] and [DMSO] affected the colloidal stability. In all samples, poly(I:C) was encapsulated within the liposomes. At [Ethanol] 30% v/v, most formulations were stable at 21 days of manufacture with particle sizes <100 nm. An in vivo comparison in mice of the immunogenicity to the cervical cancer peptide antigen HPV-16 E7 adjuvanted with CAF09b prepared by lipid film rehydration or microfluidics showed no difference between the formulations, indicating adjuvant activity is intact. Thus, it is possible to prepare suitable formulations of CAF09b by microfluidics.
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85
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Hesse L, van Ieperen N, Petersen AH, Elberink JNGO, van Oosterhout AJM, Nawijn MC. High dose vitamin D 3 empowers effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy in a grass pollen-driven mouse model of asthma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20876. [PMID: 33257771 PMCID: PMC7705678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has the potential to provide long-term protection against allergic diseases. However, efficacy of AIT is suboptimal, while application of high doses allergen has safety concerns. The use of adjuvants, like 1,25(OH)2VitD3 (VitD3), can improve efficacy of AIT. We have previously shown that low dose VitD3 can enhance suppression of airway inflammation, but not airway hyperresponsiveness in a grass pollen (GP)-subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) mouse model of allergic asthma. We here aim to determine the optimal dose and formulation of VitD3 for the GP SCIT. GP-sensitized BALBc/ByJ mice received three SCIT injections of VitD3-GP (30, 100, and 300 ng or placebo). Separately, synthetic lipids, SAINT, was added to the VitD3-GP-SCIT formulation (300 nmol) and control groups. Subsequently, mice were challenged with intranasal GP, and airway hyperresponsiveness, GP-specific IgE, -IgG1, and -IgG2a, ear-swelling responses (ESR), eosinophils in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and lung were measured. VitD3 supplementation of GP-SCIT dose-dependently induced significantly enhanced suppression of spIgE, inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, while neutralizing capacity was improved and ESR were reduced. Addition of VitD3 further decreased Th2 cytokine responses and innate cytokines to allergens in lung tissue by GP-SCIT. However, addition of synthetic lipids to the allergen/VitD3 mixes had no additional effect on VitD3-GP-SCIT. We find a clear, dose dependent effect of VitD3 on GP-SCIT-mediated suppression of allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In contrast, addition of synthetic lipids to the allergen/VitD3 mix had no therapeutic effect. These studies underscore the relevance of VitD3 as an adjuvant to improve clinical efficacy of SCIT treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hesse
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Internal Postcode EA52, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N van Ieperen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Internal Postcode EA52, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen H Petersen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J N G Oude Elberink
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon J M van Oosterhout
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Internal Postcode EA52, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Internal Postcode EA52, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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86
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Belanger MC, Zhuang M, Ball AG, Richey KH, DeRosa CA, Fraser CL, Pompano RR. Labelling primary immune cells using bright blue fluorescent nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1897-1909. [PMID: 32026891 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01572h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tracking cell movements is an important aspect of many biological studies. Reagents for cell tracking must not alter the biological state of the cell and must be bright enough to be visualized above background autofluorescence, a particular concern when imaging in tissue. Currently there are few reagents compatible with standard UV excitation filter sets (e.g. DAPI) that fulfill those requirements, despite the development of many dyes optimized for violet excitation (405 nm). A family of boron-based fluorescent dyes, difluoroboron β-diketonates, has previously served as bio-imaging reagents with UV excitation, offering high quantum yields and wide excitation peaks. In this study, we investigated the use of one such dye as a potential cell tracking reagent. A library of difluoroboron dibenzoylmethane (BF2dbm) conjugates were synthesized with biocompatible polymers including: poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and block copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Dye-polymer conjugates were fabricated into nanoparticles, which were stable for a week at 37 °C in water and cell culture media, but quickly aggregated in saline. Nanoparticles were used to label primary splenocytes; phagocytic cell types were more effectively labelled. Labelling with nanoparticles did not affect cellular viability, nor basic immune responses. Labelled cells were more easily distinguished when imaged on a live tissue background than those labelled with a commercially available UV-excitable cytoplasmic labelling reagent. The high efficiency in terms of both fluorescence and cellular labelling may allow these nanoparticles to act as a short-term cell labelling strategy while wide excitation peaks offer utility across imaging and analysis platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura C Belanger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Meng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Alexander G Ball
- Department of Microbiology Cancer Biology and Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Kristen H Richey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Christopher A DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Cassandra L Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
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87
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Protein and Peptide Nanocluster Vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020. [PMID: 33165870 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Recombinant protein- and peptide-based vaccines can deliver large amounts of specific antigens for tailored immune responses. One class of these are protein and peptide nanoclusters (PNCs), which are made entirely from the crosslinked antigen. PNCs leverage the inherent immunogenicity of nanoparticulate antigens while minimizing the use of excipients normally used to create them. In this chapter, we discuss PNC fabrication methods, immunostimulatory properties of nanoclusters observed in vitro and in vivo, and protective benefits of PNC vaccines against influenza and cancer mouse models. We conclude with an outlook on future studies of PNCs and PNC design strategies, as well as their use in future vaccine formulations.
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88
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D'haese S, Lacroix C, Garcia F, Plana M, Ruta S, Vanham G, Verrier B, Aerts JL. Off the beaten path: Novel mRNA-nanoformulations for therapeutic vaccination against HIV. J Control Release 2020; 330:1016-1033. [PMID: 33181204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, immunotherapy for HIV in general and therapeutic vaccination in particular, has received a tremendous boost, both in preclinical research and in clinical applications. This interest is based on the evidence that the immune system plays a crucial role in controlling HIV infection, as shown for long-term non-progressors and elite controllers, and that immune responses can be manipulated towards targeting conserved epitopes. So far, the most successful approach has been vaccination with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded ex vivo with antigens and activation signals. Although this approach offers much promise, it also comes with significant drawbacks such as the requirement of a specialized infrastructure and expertise, as well as major challenges for logistics and storage, making it extremely time consuming and costly. Therefore, methods are being developed to avoid the use of ex vivo generated, autologous DCs. One of these methods is based on mRNA for therapeutic vaccination. mRNA has proven to be a very promising vaccine platform, as the coding information for any desired protein, including antigens and activation signals, can be generated in a very short period of time, showing promise both as an off-the-shelf therapy and as a personalized approach. However, an important drawback of this approach is the short half-life of native mRNA, due to the presence of ambient RNases. In addition, proper immunization requires that the antigens are expressed, processed and presented at the right immunological site (e.g. the lymphoid tissues). An ambivalent aspect of mRNA as a vaccine is its capacity to induce type I interferons, which can have beneficial adjuvant effects, but also deleterious effects on mRNA stability and translation. Thus, proper formulation of the mRNA is crucially important. Many approaches for RNA formulation have already been tested, with mixed success. In this review we discuss the state-of-the-art and future trends for mRNA-nanoparticle formulations for HIV vaccination, both in the prophylactic and in the therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid D'haese
- Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Lacroix
- Institute for the Biology and Chemistry of Proteins (IBCP), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Simona Ruta
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Guido Vanham
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Institute for the Biology and Chemistry of Proteins (IBCP), Lyon, France
| | - Joeri L Aerts
- Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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89
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Alqahtani MS, Syed R, Alshehri M. Size-Dependent Phagocytic Uptake and Immunogenicity of Gliadin Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2576. [PMID: 33147852 PMCID: PMC7692204 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to investigate the hemo and immune compatibility of gliadin nanoparticles as a function of particle size. Gliadin nanoparticles of different size were prepared using a modified antisolvent nanoprecipitation method. The hemolytic potential of gliadin nanoparticles was evaluated using in vitro hemolysis assay. Phagocytic uptake of gliadin nanoparticles was studied using rat polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and murine alveolar peritoneal macrophage (J774) cells. In vivo immunogenicity of gliadin nanoparticles was studied following subcutaneous administration in mice. Gliadin nanoparticles were non-hemolytic irrespective of particle size and hence compatible with blood components. In comparison to positive control zymosan, gliadin nanoparticles with a size greater than 406 ± 11 nm showed higher phagocytic uptake in PMN cells, while the uptake was minimal with smaller nanoparticles (127 ± 8 nm). Similar uptake of gliadin nanoparticles was observed in murine alveolar peritoneal macrophages. Anti-gliadin IgG antibody titers subsequent to primary and secondary immunization of gliadin nanoparticles in mice were in the increasing order of 406 ± 11 nm < 848 ± 20 nm < coarse suspension). On the other hand, gliadin nanoparticles of 127 ± 8 nm in size did not elicit immunogenic response. Phagocytosis and immunogenicity of gliadin nanoparticles are strongly influenced by particle size. The results of this study can provide useful information for rational design of protein-based nanomaterials in drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanomedicine & Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rabbani Syed
- Nanomedicine & Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of clinical laboratory sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Meshal Alshehri
- Department of clinical laboratory sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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90
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Brito LT, Rinaldi FM, Gaspar EB, Correa VA, Gonçalves CA, Portilho AI, Trzewikoswki de Lima G, De Gaspari E. Study of different routes of immunization using outer membrane vesicles of Neisseria meningitidis B and comparison of two adjuvants. Vaccine 2020; 38:7674-7682. [PMID: 33082014 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Neisseria meningitidis contain important antigens to trigger an immune response against meningococci and have been studied as vaccines compounds. The immune response to a vaccine may be affected by its constitution and route of administration. Therefore, Swiss mice were immunized by different routes with OMVs of N. meningitidis B with dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide in bilayer fragments (DDA-BF) or aluminum hydroxide (AH) as adjuvants. The adjuvants and different routes were compared regarding the immune responses by ELISA, western blot, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and histopathologic analysis. The antigenic preparation generated humoral and cellular immune responses. In quantitative analyzes, in general, AH was superior to DDA-BF. However, analysis such as IgG avidity index, bactericidal activity and immunoblot, revealed no important differences regarding the adjuvant or route of immunization. Regarding the parameters tested, it was not possible to define a superiority between the adjuvants and routes of immunization proposed by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana T Brito
- Department of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program Interunities in Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana M Rinaldi
- Department of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program Interunities in Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Araujo Correa
- Department of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program Interunities in Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Izeli Portilho
- Department of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program Interunities in Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trzewikoswki de Lima
- Department of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program Interunities in Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Department of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program Interunities in Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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91
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam N Shenoy
- Research Scientist, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York, USA
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92
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Huang CH, Huang CY, Ho HM, Lee CH, Lai PT, Wu SC, Liu SJ, Huang MH. Nanoemulsion adjuvantation strategy of tumor-associated antigen therapy rephrases mucosal and immunotherapeutic signatures following intranasal vaccination. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001022. [PMID: 33037116 PMCID: PMC7549439 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emulsion adjuvants are a potent tool for effective vaccination; however, the size matters on mucosal signatures and the mechanism of action following intranasal vaccination remains unclear. Here, we launch a mechanistic study to address how mucosal membrane interacts with nanoemulsion of a well-defined size at cellular level and to elucidate the impact of size on tumor-associated antigen therapy. METHODS The squalene-based emulsified particles at the submicron/nanoscale could be elaborated by homogenization/extrusion. The mucosal signatures following intranasal delivery in mice were evaluated by combining whole-mouse genome microarray and immunohistochemical analysis. The immunological signatures were tested by assessing their ability to influence the transportation of a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) across nasal mucosal membranes and drive cellular immunity in vivo. Finally, the cancer immunotherapeutic efficacy is monitored by assessing tumor-associated antigen models consisting of OVA protein and tumor cells expressing OVA epitope. RESULTS Uniform structures with ~200 nm in size induce the emergence of membranous epithelial cells and natural killer cells in nasal mucosal tissues, facilitate the delivery of protein antigen across the nasal mucosal membrane and drive broad-spectrum antigen-specific T-cell immunity in nasal mucosal tissues as well as in the spleen. Further, intranasal vaccination of the nanoemulsion could assist the antigen to generate potent antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. When combined with immunotherapeutic models, such an effective antigen-specific cytotoxic activity allowed the tumor-bearing mice to reach up to 50% survival 40 days after tumor inoculation; moreover, the optimal formulation significantly attenuated lung metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of any immunostimulator, only 0.1% content of squalene-based nanoemulsion could rephrase the mucosal signatures following intranasal vaccination and induce broad-spectrum antigen-specific cellular immunity, thereby improving the efficacy of tumor-associated antigen therapy against in situ and metastatic tumors. These results provide critical mechanistic insights into the adjuvant activity of nanoemulsion and give directions for the design and optimization of mucosal delivery for vaccine and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Ho
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Ti Lai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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93
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Xu C, Xing R, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. Immunostimulatory effect of N-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan-sulfate chitosan complex nanoparticles on dendritic cells. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117098. [PMID: 33142636 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized negatively charged chitosan sulfate and positively charged hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), and then prepared chitosan derivatives with positive and negative ions as nanoparticles (NPs) by ovalbumin encapsulation using the polyelectrolyte method. NPs with different substitution sites and molecular weights (MW) were prepared by varying conditions. We then determined the zeta potential average, diameter, encapsulation effect, and their immunostimulatory effects on dendritic cells (DCs). The results showed that chitosan-derivative NPs ranged in size from 153.33 to 320.90 nm; all NPs were positive, with charges ranging from 17.10 to 39.30 mV and the encapsulation rates of 65 %-75 %. Three NPs greatly promoted the expression and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in DC cells: C2,3,6 chitosan sulfate-HACC (C2,3,6-HACC; 200 kDa), C3,6 chitosan sulfate-HACC (C3,6-HACC; 200 kDa) and C6 chitosan sulfate-HACC (C6-HACC; 50 kDa). We also found that 200-kDa C2,3,6-HACC and 50-kDa C6-HACC NPs greatly increased secretion of the major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), CD40, CD80, and CD86, indicating that these NPs promote effective antigen presentation, further increasing immunity effects. Finally, we applied laser confocal photography and determined that NPs entered the cell to promote the regulation of cellular immune activity; this discovery lays a foundation for further research on their mechanism of their action. Therefore, C2,3,6-HACC and C6-HACC NPs have the potential as immunological adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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94
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Hager S, Fittler FJ, Wagner E, Bros M. Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches for Tumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E2061. [PMID: 32917034 PMCID: PMC7564019 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors proposed to boost the patients' anti-tumor immune response has proven the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches for tumor therapy. Furthermore, especially in the context of the development of biocompatible, cell type targeting nano-carriers, nucleic acid-based drugs aimed to initiate and to enhance anti-tumor responses have come of age. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the therapeutic use of nucleic acids for cancer treatment on various levels, comprising (i) mRNA and DNA-based vaccines to be expressed by antigen presenting cells evoking sustained anti-tumor T cell responses, (ii) molecular adjuvants, (iii) strategies to inhibit/reprogram tumor-induced regulatory immune cells e.g., by RNA interference (RNAi), (iv) genetically tailored T cells and natural killer cells to directly recognize tumor antigens, and (v) killing of tumor cells, and reprograming of constituents of the tumor microenvironment by gene transfer and RNAi. Aside from further improvements of individual nucleic acid-based drugs, the major perspective for successful cancer therapy will be combination treatments employing conventional regimens as well as immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors and nucleic acid-based drugs, each acting on several levels to adequately counter-act tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hager
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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95
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Campos EVR, Pereira AES, de Oliveira JL, Carvalho LB, Guilger-Casagrande M, de Lima R, Fraceto LF. How can nanotechnology help to combat COVID-19? Opportunities and urgent need. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:125. [PMID: 32891146 PMCID: PMC7474329 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidents of viral outbreaks have increased at an alarming rate over the past decades. The most recent human coronavirus known as COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has already spread around the world and shown R0 values from 2.2 to 2.68. However, the ratio between mortality and number of infections seems to be lower in this case in comparison to other human coronaviruses (such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)). These outbreaks have tested the limits of healthcare systems and have posed serious questions about management using conventional therapies and diagnostic tools. In this regard, the use of nanotechnology offers new opportunities for the development of novel strategies in terms of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and other viral infections. In this review, we discuss the use of nanotechnology for COVID-19 virus management by the development of nano-based materials, such as disinfectants, personal protective equipment, diagnostic systems and nanocarrier systems, for treatments and vaccine development, as well as the challenges and drawbacks that need addressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefânia V R Campos
- Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC. Av. dos Estados, 5001. Bl. A, T3 Lab. 503-3. Bangú, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson E S Pereira
- São Paulo State University-UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata de Lima
- Universidade de Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 92,5, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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96
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Kischkel B, Rossi SA, Santos SR, Nosanchuk JD, Travassos LR, Taborda CP. Therapies and Vaccines Based on Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:463. [PMID: 33014889 PMCID: PMC7502903 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment modalities for systemic mycoses are still limited. Currently, the main antifungal therapeutics include polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins. However, even in the setting of appropriate administration of antifungals, mortality rates remain unacceptably high. Moreover, antifungal therapy is expensive, treatment periods can range from weeks to years, and toxicity is also a serious concern. In recent years, the increased number of immunocompromised individuals has contributed to the high global incidence of systemic fungal infections. Given the high morbidity and mortality rates, the complexity of treatment strategies, drug toxicity, and the worldwide burden of disease, there is a need for new and efficient therapeutic means to combat invasive mycoses. One promising avenue that is actively being pursued is nanotechnology, to develop new antifungal therapies and efficient vaccines, since it allows for a targeted delivery of drugs and antigens, which can reduce toxicity and treatment costs. The goal of this review is to discuss studies using nanoparticles to develop new therapeutic options, including vaccination methods, to combat systemic mycoses caused by Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Paracoccidioides sp., Histoplasma sp., Coccidioides sp., and Aspergillus sp., in addition to providing important information on the use of different types of nanoparticles, nanocarriers and their corresponding mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kischkel
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suélen A Rossi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel R Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine [Division of Infectious Diseases], Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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97
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Gutjahr A, Papagno L, Vernejoul F, Lioux T, Jospin F, Chanut B, Perouzel E, Rochereau N, Appay V, Verrier B, Paul S. New chimeric TLR7/NOD2 agonist is a potent adjuvant to induce mucosal immune responses. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102922. [PMID: 32739871 PMCID: PMC7393532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PRR (Pattern Recognition Receptor) agonists have been widely tested as potent vaccine adjuvants. TLR7 (Toll-Like Receptor 7) and NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) are key innate receptors widely expressed at mucosal levels. Methods Here, we evaluated the immunostimulatory properties of a novel hybrid chemical compound designed to stimulate both TLR7 and NOD2 receptors. Finding The combined TLR7/NOD2 agonist showed increase efficacy than TLR7L or NOD2L agonists alone or combined in different in vitro models. Dual TLR7/NOD2 agonist efficiently stimulates TLR7 and NOD2, and promotes the maturation and reprogramming of human dendritic cells, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory or adaptive cytokines. This molecule also strongly induces autophagy in human cells which is a major intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to lysosomes in both MHC class I and II-restricted antigen presentation. In vivo, TLR7/NOD2L agonist is a potent adjuvant after intranasal administration with NP-p24 HIV vaccine, inducing high-quality humoral and adaptive responses both in systemic and mucosal compartments. Use of TLR7/NOD2L adjuvant improves very significantly the protection of mice against an intranasal challenge with a vaccinia virus expressing the p24. Interpretation Dual TLR7/NOD2L agonist is a very potent and versatile vaccine adjuvant and promote very efficiently both systemic and mucosal immunity. Funding This work was supported by 10.13039/100009060Sidaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gutjahr
- InvivoGen, 5 Rue Jean Rodier F-31400, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyon, France; Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; INSERM U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laura Papagno
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | | | - Thierry Lioux
- InvivoGen, 5 Rue Jean Rodier F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Eric Perouzel
- InvivoGen, 5 Rue Jean Rodier F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France; International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
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98
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Varshney R, Varshney R, Chaturvedi VK, Rawat M, Saminathan M, Singh V, Singh R, Sahoo M, Gupta PK. Development of novel iron-regulated Pasteurella multocida B: 2 bacterin and refinement of vaccine quality in terms of minimum variation in particle size and distribution vis-a-vis critical level of iron in media. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104375. [PMID: 32679244 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the qualitative bacterial biomass per unit of media and to overcome the limitations of the existing haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccines, a comprehensive study was undertaken encompassing the role of iron on the bacterial biomass of Pasteurella multocida B: 2 to vaccine development. Trypsin digested hydrochloric acid-treated sheep blood (THSB) as a novel iron rich supplement had been devised for the first time for augmenting the qualitative bacterial biomass per unit of media which was evident with growth kinetic study. The higher recovery of iron from THSB became evident via atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. The critical level of iron in the media as well as mode of iron supplementation showed a major impact on the outer membrane protein profile of P. multocida B:2 and variation in droplet size and particle-size distribution of formulated vaccine. Immune response study against iron-regulated bacterin adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel in mouse model showed that 3% THSB supplementation of casein sucrose yeast (CSY) not only augmented the growth of P. multocida B:2 significantly but conferred highest pre-challenged ELISA IgG titer and protection against pasteurellosis. Thus, THSB supplementation of CSY can resolve existing up-scaling and immunogenic potential problems of HS vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur, UP, 231001, India
| | - Ritu Varshney
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Chaturvedi
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India.
| | - Mayank Rawat
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - M Saminathan
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
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99
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Habibi N, Christau S, Ochyl LJ, Fan Z, Hassani Najafabadi A, Kuehnhammer M, Zhang M, Helgeson M, Klitzing R, Moon JJ, Lahann J. Engineered Ovalbumin Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Habibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Stephanie Christau
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Lukasz J. Ochyl
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Zixing Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Alireza Hassani Najafabadi
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Matthew Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Regine Klitzing
- Department of Physics Technische Universitaet Darmstadt Darmstadt 64289 Germany
| | - James J. Moon
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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100
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Rotavirus Inner Capsid VP6 Acts as an Adjuvant in Formulations with Particulate Antigens Only. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030365. [PMID: 32645976 PMCID: PMC7565724 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel adjuvants present a concern for adverse effects, generating a need for alternatives. Rotavirus inner capsid VP6 protein could be considered a potential candidate, due to its ability to self-assemble into highly immunogenic nanospheres and nanotubes. These nanostructures exhibit immunostimulatory properties, which resemble those of traditional adjuvants, promoting the uptake and immunogenicity of the co-administered antigens. We have previously elucidated an adjuvant effect of VP6 on co-delivered norovirus and coxsackievirus B1 virus-like particles, increasing humoral and cellular responses and sparing the dose of co-delivered antigens. This study explored an immunostimulatory effect of VP6 nanospheres on smaller antigens, P particles formed by protruding domain of a norovirus capsid protein and a short peptide, extracellular matrix protein (M2e) of influenza A virus. VP6 exhibited a notable improving impact on immune responses induced by P particles in immunized mice, including systemic and mucosal antibody and T cell responses. The adjuvant effect of VP6 nanospheres was comparable to the effect of alum, except for induction of superior mucosal and T cell responses when P particles were co-administered with VP6. However, unlike alum, VP6 did not influence M2e-specific immune responses, suggesting that the adjuvant effect of VP6 is dependent on the particulate nature of the co-administered antigen.
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