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Liang W, Sivashankar P, Hua Y, Li W. Global food expenditure patterns diverge between low-income and high-income countries. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:592-602. [PMID: 39030255 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Globalization, income growth and changing cultural trends are believed to prompt consumers in low-income countries to adopt the more affluent diet of high-income countries. This study investigates the convergence of food expenditure patterns worldwide, focusing on total food expenditure, raw food categories and ultra-processed foods and beverages across more than 90 countries over the past decades. Contrary to prior belief, we find that food expenditure patterns of lower-income countries do not universally align with those of higher-income nations. This trend is evident across most raw food categories and ultra-processed foods and beverages, as the income level of a country continues to play a crucial role in determining its food expenditure patterns. Importantly, expenditure patterns offer estimates rather than a precise idea of dietary intake, reflecting consumer choices shaped by economic constraints rather than exact dietary consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Liang
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | | | - Yunei Hua
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Pérez-Tepayo S, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Unar-Munguía M, Shamah-Levy T. Association of diet quality and body mass index in Mexican adults: a pseudo-panel analysis. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:636-648. [PMID: 38666345 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: most studies that analyze the relationship between diet quality and obesity have a cross-sectional design; an alternative with repeated cross-sectional data is a pseudo-panel design. Objective: to estimate the association between trends in dietary patterns, defined by a diet quality index, and body mass index (BMI) of Mexican adults between 2006 and 2016. Methodology: a pseudo-panel analysis was performed using data from cross-sectional surveys: National Health and Nutrition Surveys of Mexico (ENSANUTs) 2006 and 2012 and the Midway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016 (ENSANUTMC). Cohorts (n = 108) were constructed by grouping adults 20-59 years old by sex (men n = 6,081 and women n = 11,404), education level, and year of birth. The association between diet quality (defined with the Healthy Eating Index-2015) and BMI was estimated using a fixed effects model, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: a one-point increase in the proportion of women with high diet quality was associated with 4.1 points lower BMI (p = 0.014) compared with women with low diet quality when excluding sub-reporters of energy, the same association is observed when physical activity is included in the model. No association was found between diet quality and BMI in men, possibly because of the existence of latent classes within sociodemographic strata, therefore diet qualiy is inversely associated with BMI only in some categories of sociodemographic strata. Conclusions: these results contribute to the evidence in the longitudinal analysis between diet and BMI, highlighting the importance of differentiating the population by sex and sociodemographic characteristics. These results are input for public policy creation that promotes improving the quality of the population's diet as part of multisectoral strategies to reduce overweight and obesity in Mexican adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez-Tepayo
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública
| | | | - Mishel Unar-Munguía
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública
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Wong KYY, Moy FM, Shafie A, Rampal S. Identifying obesogenic environment through spatial clustering of body mass index among adults. Int J Health Geogr 2024; 23:16. [PMID: 38926856 PMCID: PMC11201309 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-024-00376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalating trend of obesity in Malaysia is surmounting, and the lack of evidence on the environmental influence on obesity is untenable. Obesogenic environmental factors often emerge as a result of shared environmental, demographic, or cultural effects among neighbouring regions that impact lifestyle. Employing spatial clustering can effectively elucidate the geographical distribution of obesity and pinpoint regions with potential obesogenic environments, thereby informing public health interventions and further exploration on the local environments. This study aimed to determine the spatial clustering of body mass index (BMI) among adults in Malaysia. METHOD This study utilized information of respondents aged 18 to 59 years old from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2014 and 2015 at Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. Fast food restaurant proximity, district population density, and district median household income were determined from other sources. The analysis was conducted for total respondents and stratified by sex. Multilevel regression was used to produce the BMI estimates on a set of variables, adjusted for data clustering at enumeration blocks. Global Moran's I and Local Indicator of Spatial Association statistics were applied to assess the general clustering and location of spatial clusters of BMI, respectively using point locations of respondents and spatial weights of 8 km Euclidean radius or 5 nearest neighbours. RESULTS Spatial clustering of BMI independent of individual sociodemographic was significant (p < 0.001) in Peninsular and East Malaysia with Global Moran's index of 0.12 and 0.15, respectively. High-BMI clusters (hotspots) were in suburban districts, whilst the urban districts were low-BMI clusters (cold spots). Spatial clustering was greater among males with hotspots located closer to urban areas, whereas hotspots for females were in less urbanized areas. CONCLUSION Obesogenic environment was identified in suburban districts, where spatial clusters differ between males and females in certain districts. Future studies and interventions on creating a healthier environment should be geographically targeted and consider gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Yuin Y'ng Wong
- Centre of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Foong Ming Moy
- Centre of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Aziz Shafie
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Rampal
- Centre of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chen J, Davies A, Tran P, Gronau R, Rangan A, Allman-Farinelli M, Porykali S, Oge R, Porykali B. Health and Nutrition Promotion Programs in Papua New Guinea: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1999. [PMID: 38999748 PMCID: PMC11243307 DOI: 10.3390/nu16131999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Papua New Guinea (PNG), adding to the disease burden from communicable infectious diseases and thus increasing the burden on the healthcare system in a low-resource setting. The aim of this review was to identify health and nutrition promotion programs conducted in PNG and the enablers and barriers to these programs. Four electronic databases and grey literature were searched. Two reviewers completed screening and data extraction. This review included 23 papers evaluating 22 health and nutrition promotion programs, which focused on the Ottawa Charter action areas of developing personal skills (12 programs), reorienting health services (12 programs) and strengthening community action (6 programs). Nineteen programs targeted communicable diseases; two addressed NCDs, and one addressed health services. Enablers of health promotion programs in PNG included community involvement, cultural appropriateness, strong leadership, and the use of mobile health technologies for the decentralisation of health services. Barriers included limited resources and funding and a lack of central leadership to drive ongoing implementation. There is an urgent need for health and nutrition promotion programs targeting NCDs and their modifiable risk factors, as well as longitudinal study designs for the evaluation of long-term impact and program sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Chen
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alyse Davies
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Phyllis Tran
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ryley Gronau
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anna Rangan
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shelina Porykali
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Robin Oge
- National Capital District Provincial Health Authority, Port Moresby 121, Papua New Guinea
| | - Bobby Porykali
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Vieira de Sousa JP, Santos-Sousa H, Vieira S, Nunes R, Nogueiro J, Pereira A, Resende F, Costa-Pinho A, Preto J, Sousa-Pinto B, Carneiro S, Lima-da-Costa E. Assessing Nutritional Deficiencies in Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Comparative Study of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass versus Sleeve Gastrectomy. J Pers Med 2024; 14:650. [PMID: 38929871 PMCID: PMC11204764 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic, and bariatric surgery is considered the primary treatment for long-term weight loss and managing obesity-related health issues. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are the most performed procedures. Nutritional deficiencies are a significant concern following bariatric surgery and can have serious consequences. This study aims to compare the incidence of nutritional deficiencies in patients undergoing RYGB and SG. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the nutritional status of 505 consecutive patients who underwent either RYGB or SG between January and December 2019. Data were collected regarding vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D, calcium, PTH, magnesium, hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, and transferrin at preoperative, 6-month, and 12-month intervals post-surgery. The RYGB group showed significantly higher excess weight loss. Vitamin B12, hemoglobin, and ferritin levels were consistently higher in the SG group throughout the study. Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent, with no significant difference between the groups. Vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly more common in the RYGB group (6 months: 17.46% vs. 4.69%, p < 0.001; 12 months: 16.74% vs. 0.93%, p < 0.001). Despite differences in their mechanisms, bariatric surgeries were associated with nutritional deficiencies. It is crucial to efficiently assess, prevent, and manage these deficiencies tailored to each surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P. Vieira de Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
- Surgery Department, São João University Medical Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Santos-Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João University Medical Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Sofia Vieira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
| | - Rita Nunes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
| | - Jorge Nogueiro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
- Surgery Department, São João University Medical Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
- Surgery Department, São João University Medical Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Resende
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João University Medical Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - André Costa-Pinho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João University Medical Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - John Preto
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João University Medical Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
- MEDCIDS—Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Silvestre Carneiro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
- Surgery Department, São João University Medical Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Lima-da-Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.V.d.S.); (S.V.); (R.N.); (J.N.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.-P.); (B.S.-P.); (S.C.); (E.L.-d.-C.)
- Obesity Integrated Responsibility Unit (CRI-O), São João University Medical Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
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Gong Y, Jiang Q, Zhai M, Tang T, Liu S. Thyroid cancer trends in China and its comparative analysis with G20 countries: Projections for 2020-2040. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04131. [PMID: 38873786 PMCID: PMC11177899 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer, a leading type of endocrine cancer, accounts for 3-4% of all cancer diagnoses. This study aims to analyse and compare thyroid cancer patterns in China and the Group twenty (G20) countries, and predict these trend for the upcoming two decades. Methods This observational longitudinal study utilised data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. We used metrics including incidence, mortality, mortality-incidence ratio (MIR), age-standardised rate (ASR) and average annual percent change (AAPC) to examine thyroid cancer trends. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify periods manifesting notable changes. The association between sociodemographic index (SDI) and AAPC were investigated. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to predict thyroid cancer trends from 2020 to 2040. Results From 1990 to 2019, thyroid cancer incidence cases in China increased by 289.6%, with a higher AAPC of age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) in men. Contrastingly, the G20 demonstrated a smaller increase, particularly among women over 50. Despite the overall age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) was higher in the G20, the increase in mortality was less pronounced than in China. Age-standardised incidence rate increased across all age groups and genders, with a notable rise among men aged 15-49. ASMR decreased in specific age groups and genders, especially among women. Conversely, the ASMR significantly increased in group aged over 70. The MIR exhibited a declining trend, but this decrease was less noticeable in men and the group aged over 70. Joinpoint analysis pinpointed significant shifts in overall ASIR and ASMR, with the most pronounced increase in ASIR during 2003-2011 in China and 2003-2010 in the G20. Predictions suggested a continual ASIR uptrend, especially in the 50-69 age group, coupled with a predicted ASMR downturn among the elderly by 2040. Moreover, the proportion of thyroid cancer deaths attributable to high body mass index (BMI) escalated, with significant increase in Saudi Arabia and a rise to 7.4% in China in 2019. Conclusions Thyroid cancer cases in incidence and mortality are escalating in both China and the G20. The increasing trend may be attributed to factors beyond overdiagnosis, including environmental and genetic factors. These findings emphasise the necessity for augmenting prevention, control, and treatment strategies. They also highlight the significance of international collaboration in addressing the global challenge posed by thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mimi Zhai
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tenglong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sushun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yu W, Xu S, Dai X, Fan H. Vigorous physical activity and weight status in school-aged children: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1402780. [PMID: 38932771 PMCID: PMC11199779 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1402780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the association between VPA and weight status in adolescents. Methods The 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey (HBSC) targeted children and adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15. A systematic multistage stratified cluster randomized sampling method was used in each participating country. The 2017/2018 survey enrolled over 240,951 adolescents across 45 countries and regions. Frequency of VPA, weight status and confounding factors were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Results Compared to daily VPA, less frequent VPA was linked to higher odds of obesity. For example, those who participating in VPA for 4-6 times a week (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06-1.13), 2-3 times a week (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.17-1.25), or once a week (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.16-1.25) all have higher odds of abnormal weight status. For boys, the frequency of 4-6 times a week (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04-1.13), 2-3 times a week (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.17-1.27), or once a week (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.19-1.32) were associated with higher odds of abnormal weight status. For girls, those who participating in VPA 4-6 times a week (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06-1.16), 2-3 times a week (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.14-1.25), or once a week (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.11-1.23) all have higher odds of abnormal weight status (i.e., overweight or obesity). Conclusion This population-based study suggests that infrequent VPA participation is associated with unhealthy weight status in adolescents compared to their physically active counterparts. Additionally, this association remains consistent in both boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Yu
- Faculty of Sport, College of Teacher Education, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shuanglu Xu
- Faculty of Sport, College of Teacher Education, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Dai
- Faculty of Sport, College of Teacher Education, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Messeha SS, Agarwal M, Gendy SG, Mehboob SB, Soliman KFA. The Anti-Obesogenic Effects of Muscadine Grapes through Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor (Cntfr) and Histamine Receptor H1 (Hrh1) Genes in 3T3-L1 Differentiated Mouse Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:1817. [PMID: 38931172 PMCID: PMC11206641 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are prevalent metabolic diseases that have significant links to several chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Muscadine grape extracts have shown the potential to reduce adiposity and improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control. Thus, this study was designed to determine the potential of muscadine grape berries extract (Pineapple and Southern Home) for its antiobesity properties in 3T3-L1 cells as a model for obesity research. The current study's data indicated the total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydraziyl (DPPH) activity were higher in cultivar (CV) Southern Home, meanwhile, elevated the total flavonoid content (TFC) in Pineapple. Both extracts were safe across the tested range (0-5 mg/mL). A noticeable reduction in lipid accumulation was also found in extract-treated cells. In preadipocytes and adipocytes, the tested extracts showed significant alterations in various genes involved in glucose homeostasis and obesity. The most remarkable findings of the current study are the upregulation of two genes, Cntfr (+712.715-fold) and Hrh1 (+270.11-fold) in CV Pineapple extract-treated adipocytes 3T3-L1 and the high fold increase in Ramp3 induced by both Pineapple and Southern Home in pre-adipose cells. Furthermore, the tested extracts showed a potential to alter the mRNA of various genes, including Zfp91, B2m, Nr3c1, Insr, Atrn, Il6ra, Hsp90ab1, Sort1, and Npy1r. In conclusion, the data generated from the current study suggested that the two extracts under investigation are considered potential candidates for controlling insulin levels and managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S. Messeha
- College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, New Pharmacy Building, 1415 ML King Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Meenakshi Agarwal
- Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA;
| | - Sherif G. Gendy
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Sheikh B. Mehboob
- Center for Viticulture & Small Fruit Research, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA;
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, New Pharmacy Building, 1415 ML King Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Elfaki FA, Mukhayer AIG, Moukhyer ME, Chandika RM, Khalafalla HE, Kremers SPJ. Metabolic syndrome and its association with physical activity in Sudanese early adolescents - Khartoum state, Sudan: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38242. [PMID: 38847681 PMCID: PMC11155557 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of overweight/obesity in adolescents highlights the significance of studying metabolic syndrome (MetS) in increasingly sedentary adolescents. To date, no study in Sudan has examined the association between MetS and physical activity (PA) among adolescents. This study aimed to assess the association between MetS and its components and PA among Sudanese early adolescents. A cross-sectional assessment was conducted from to 2018 to 2019 on a sample of 921 primary school students from Khartoum State, Republic of Sudan. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria and a standardized questionnaire was used to assess PA. Metabolic equivalents of task were calculated, and levels of different intensities of PA (tertiles) were identified accordingly. The association between PA and MetS and its components was assessed using a logistic regression model. The participants comprised 388 boys and 533 girls with a mean age of 12.59 ± 1.21 years. The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in subjects in the 1st PA tertile (least active) than in the 2nd and 3rd (most active) tertiles of PA, and this difference was observed in both boys and girls. After adjusting for other study factors, the odds of MetS among adolescents in the 1st PA tertile were 7 times higher than those in the highest PA tertile (adjusted odds ratio = 7.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.48, 32.99). A physically inactive lifestyle was associated with higher odds of MetS and its components, especially waist circumference and triglyceride levels, in Sudanese early adolescents. This study highlights the importance of promoting PA in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A. Elfaki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Nutrim, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aziza I. G. Mukhayer
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Mohamed E. Moukhyer
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rama M. Chandika
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husameldin E. Khalafalla
- Nutrim, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stef P. J. Kremers
- Nutrim, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Chen G, Li Z, Wang L, Wuyun Q, Sang Q, Wang J, Wang Z, Tian C, Yu C, Amin B, Zhang N, Fan Q. Analysis of correlation between BMI and TWL% outcome following metabolic and bariatric surgery: a retrospective study using restricted cubic spline. BMC Surg 2024; 24:178. [PMID: 38849774 PMCID: PMC11157919 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the correlation between preoperative body mass index (BMI) and adequate percentage of total weight loss (TWL%) outcome and present evidence of tiered treatment for patients with obesity in different preoperative BMI. METHODS We included patients with complete follow-up data who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery (BMS). We termed optimal clinical response as TWL% >20% at one year following MBS. To investigate dose-response association between preoperative BMI and optimal clinical response, preoperative BMI was analyzed in three ways: (1) as quartiles; (2) per 2.5 kg/m2 units (3) using RCS, with 3 knots as recommended. RESULTS A total of 291 patients with obesity were included in our study. The corresponding quartile odds ratios associated with optimal clinical response and adjusted for potential confounders were 1.00 (reference), 1.434 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.589-3.495], 4.926 (95%CI = 1.538-15.772), and 2.084 (95%CI = 0.941-1.005), respectively. RCS analysis showed a non-linear inverted U-shaped association between preoperative BMI and optimal clinical response (Nonlinear P = 0.009). In spline analysis, when preoperative BMI was no less than 42.9 kg/m2, the possibility of optimal clinical response raised as preoperative BMI increased. When preoperative BMI was greater than 42.9 kg/m2, the possibility of optimal clinical response had a tendency to decline as preoperative BMI increased. CONCLUSION Our research indicated the non-linear inverted U-shaped correlation between preoperative BMI and adequate weight loss. Setting a preoperative BMI threshold of 42.9 is critical to predicting optimal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhehong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqige Wuyun
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Buhe Amin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Emke H, Altenburg T, Dijkstra C, Pinzon AL, Stronks K, Waterlander W, Kremers S, Chinapaw M. Applying systems thinking in youth-centred participatory action research for health promotion in an underserved neighbourhood. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1272663. [PMID: 38887247 PMCID: PMC11180748 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1272663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Childhood overweight is considered a complex problem influenced by a range of factors, including energy balance-related behaviours (EBRBs) and interacting drivers of these behaviours. There is growing support that applying a systems approach is required to tackle complex problems resulting in actions that attempt to change the system's dynamics. Additionally, a participatory approach is advocated to include the lived experience of the population of interest both in the understanding of the system as well as the development, implementation and evaluation of relevant actions. We therefore combined Intervention Mapping, Participatory Action Research (PAR) and system dynamics in the development, implementation and evaluation of actions contributing to healthy EBRBs together with adolescents. Methods Four PAR groups comprising of 6-8 adolescent co-researchers (10-14 years) and 1-2 adult facilitators met weekly during 3-4 years. The structured Intervention Mapping protocol guided the process of the systematic development, implementation and evaluation of actions. System dynamics tools were included for the creation of Causal Loop Diagrams and development of systemic actions. Results Our approach comprised six steps that were executed by the PAR groups: (1) build Causal Loop Diagrams for each EBRB through peer research and identify overarching mechanisms, (2) determine leverage points using the Intervention Level Framework, (3) develop action ideas, (4) develop detailed actions including an implementation plan, (5) implement and, (6) evaluate the actions. PAR ensured that the actions fitted the lived experience of the adolescents, whilst system dynamics promoted actions at different levels of the system. The Intervention Mapping protocol ensured that the actions were theory-based. The main challenge involved integrating system dynamics within our practise in cooperation with adolescent co-researchers. Conclusion We experienced that combining Intervention Mapping, PAR and system dynamics worked well in developing, implementing and evaluating actions that target different levels of the system that drive adolescents' EBRBs. This study serves as an example to other studies aimed at developing, implementing and evaluating actions using a participatory and systems approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Emke
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases and Methodology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teatske Altenburg
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases and Methodology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Coosje Dijkstra
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases and Methodology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angie Luna Pinzon
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases and Methodology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases and Methodology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Wilma Waterlander
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases and Methodology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stef Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mai Chinapaw
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases and Methodology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Wang J, Cao Y, Wei X, Winkley K, Chang YS. Empowering parents to optimize feeding practices with preschool children (EPO-Feeding): A study protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304707. [PMID: 38829882 PMCID: PMC11146728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental feeding practices (PFPs) play a key role in fostering preschoolers' dietary habits and in mitigating the risk of childhood obesity. Nevertheless, parents often employ inappropriate feeding practices, leading to children's potential nutrition-related issues. Thus, research is needed to inform interventions that focus on optimizing feeding practices. METHODS This protocol describes the evaluation of a novel intervention-Empowering Parents to Optimize Feeding Practices (EPO-Feeding Program). The program will be evaluated with a two-arm feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Yangzhou, China. The program includes four weekly group-based training sessions led by healthcare professionals for parents of preschool children. The intervention incorporates sessions, group discussions, motivational interviewing, and supplementary materials (e.g., key messages and educational videos) aimed at enhancing parents' knowledge, skills, and behaviours related to feeding practices. The primary outcomes include i) implementation feasibility, primarily assessed through retention rates; and ii) program acceptability through a survey and qualitative process evaluation. Secondary outcomes encompass the potential impacts on i) PFPs, ii) parental perception of child weight (PPCW), iii) parenting sense of competence, iv) children's eating behaviours, and v) child weight status. Quantitative analyses include descriptive estimates for evaluating the feasibility and linear mixed regression analysis for testing the potential effects. Qualitative valuation will use thematic framework analysis. DISCUSSION If this study shows this program to be feasible to implement and acceptable to parents, it will be used to inform a fully powered trial to determine its effectiveness. The research will also help inform policy and practices in the context of child nutrition promotion, particularly regarding implementing group-based training sessions by healthcare providers in similar settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, Protocol #NCT06181773, 20/11/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoxue Wei
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kirsty Winkley
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yan-Shing Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Alonso N, Almer G, Semeraro MD, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Fauler G, Anders I, Ritter G, vom Scheidt A, Hammer N, Gruber HJ, Herrmann M. Impact of High-Fat Diet and Exercise on Bone and Bile Acid Metabolism in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1744. [PMID: 38892677 PMCID: PMC11174439 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids help facilitate intestinal lipid absorption and have endocrine activity in glucose, lipid and bone metabolism. Obesity and exercise influence bile acid metabolism and have opposite effects in bone. This study investigates if regular exercise helps mitigate the adverse effects of obesity on bone, potentially by reversing alterations in bile acid metabolism. Four-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats either received a high-fat diet (HFD) or a chow-based standard diet (lean controls). During the 10-month study period, half of the animals performed 30 min of running at moderate speed on five consecutive days followed by two days of rest. The other half was kept inactive (inactive controls). At the study's end, bone quality was assessed by microcomputed tomography and biomechanical testing. Bile acids were measured in serum and stool. HFD feeding was related to reduced trabecular (-33%, p = 1.14 × 10-7) and cortical (-21%, p = 2.9 × 10-8) bone mass and lowered femoral stiffness (12-41%, p = 0.005). Furthermore, the HFD decreased total bile acids in serum (-37%, p = 1.0 × 10-6) but increased bile acids in stool (+2-fold, p = 7.3 × 10-9). These quantitative effects were accompanied by changes in the relative abundance of individual bile acids. The concentration of serum bile acids correlated positively with all cortical bone parameters (r = 0.593-0.708), whilst stool levels showed inverse correlations at the cortical (r = -0.651--0.805) and trabecular level (r = -0.656--0.750). Exercise improved some trabecular and cortical bone quality parameters (+11-31%, p = 0.043 to 0.001) in lean controls but failed to revert the bone loss related to the HFD. Similarly, changes in bile acid metabolism were not mitigated by exercise. Prolonged HFD consumption induced quantitative and qualitative alterations in bile acid metabolism, accompanied by bone loss. Tight correlations between bile acids and structural indices of bone quality support further functional analyses on the potential role of bile acids in bone metabolism. Regular moderate exercise improved trabecular and cortical bone quality in lean controls but failed in mitigating the effects related to the HFD in bone and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Alonso
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez-Blanco
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- LKH-Universitätsklinikum Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ines Anders
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria (G.R.)
| | - Gerald Ritter
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria (G.R.)
| | | | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Biomechatronics, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gruber
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Long KZ, Beckmann J, Lang C, Seelig H, Nqweniso S, Probst-Hensch N, Pühse U, Steinmann P, Randt RD, Walter C, Utzinger J, Gerber M. Randomized Trial to Improve Body Composition and Micronutrient Status Among South African Children. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:1078-1088. [PMID: 38309672 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) promotion combined with multimicronutrient supplementation (MMNS) among school-age children may reduce fat mass accrual and increase muscle mass through different mechanisms and so benefit child health. This study determined the efficacy of combined interventions on body composition among South African schoolchildren and determined if micronutrients mediate these effects. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial of children followed from 2019 to 2021. Statistical analyses carried from 2022 to 2023. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,304 children 6-12 years of age recruited from public schools in Gqeberha, South Africa. INTERVENTION Children were randomized by classes to either: (a) a physical activity group (PA); (b) a MMNS group; (c) a physical activity + multimicronutrient supplementation group (PA + MMNS); and (d) a placebo control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Trajectories of overall and truncal fat free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) estimates in modeled at 9 and 21 months using latent growth curve models (LGCM). Changes in micronutrient concentrations at 9 months from baseline. RESULTS An increased FFM trajectory was found among children in the MMNS arm at 9 months (Beta 0.16, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.31). The PA and MMNS arms both had positive indirect effects on this trajectory at 9 months (Beta 0.66, 95% CI = 0.44, 0.88 and Beta 0.32 95% CI = 0.1 0.5, respectively) and similarly at 21 months when mediated by zinc concentration changes. A reduced FM trajectory was found among children in the PA promotion arm at 9 months when using this collection point as the referent intercept. This arm was inversely associated with the FM trajectory at 9 months when mediated by zinc changes. CONCLUSIONS PA and MMNS promotion in school-based interventions directly contributed to reductions in FM and increased FFM among South African children and indirectly through changes in micronutrient status. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN29534081. Registered on August 9, 2018 Institutional review board: Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz" (EKNZ, project number: Req-2018-00608). Date of approval: 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Z Long
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Johanna Beckmann
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christin Lang
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harald Seelig
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siphesihle Nqweniso
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosa du Randt
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Walter
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Eirin A, Thaler R, Glasstetter LM, Xing L, Zhu XY, Osborne AC, Mondesir R, Bhagwate AV, Lerman A, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. Obesity-driven mitochondrial dysfunction in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells involves epigenetic changes. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:387. [PMID: 38824145 PMCID: PMC11144257 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Obesity exacerbates tissue degeneration and compromises the integrity and reparative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), but the underlying mechanisms have not been sufficiently elucidated. Mitochondria modulate the viability, plasticity, proliferative capacity, and differentiation potential of MSCs. We hypothesized that alterations in the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profile of mitochondria-related genes may mediate obesity-driven dysfunction of human adipose-derived MSCs. MSCs were harvested from abdominal subcutaneous fat of obese and age/sex-matched non-obese subjects (n = 5 each). The 5hmC profile and expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes were examined by hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (h MeDIP-seq) and mRNA-seq, respectively. MSC mitochondrial structure (electron microscopy) and function, metabolomics, proliferation, and neurogenic differentiation were evaluated in vitro, before and after epigenetic modulation. hMeDIP-seq identified 99 peaks of hyper-hydroxymethylation and 150 peaks of hypo-hydroxymethylation in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes from Obese- versus Non-obese-MSCs. Integrated hMeDIP-seq/mRNA-seq analysis identified a select group of overlapping (altered levels of both 5hmC and mRNA) nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes involved in ATP production, redox activity, cell proliferation, migration, fatty acid metabolism, and neuronal development. Furthermore, Obese-MSCs exhibited decreased mitochondrial matrix density, membrane potential, and levels of fatty acid metabolites, increased superoxide production, and impaired neuronal differentiation, which improved with epigenetic modulation. Obesity elicits epigenetic changes in mitochondria-related genes in human adipose-derived MSCs, accompanied by structural and functional changes in their mitochondria and impaired fatty acid metabolism and neurogenic differentiation capacity. These observations may assist in developing novel therapies to preserve the potential of MSCs for tissue repair and regeneration in obese individuals.
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Grants
- AG062104 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- DK122734 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R56 DK129240 NIDDK NIH HHS
- DK129240 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01 DK129240 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HL158691 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- DK120292 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Li Xing
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew C Osborne
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronscardy Mondesir
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aditya V Bhagwate
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Remmelgas B, Lowes SL, Bates HE. Diabetes and obesity pathophysiology as a teaching tool to emphasize physiology core concepts. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2024; 48:311-319. [PMID: 38452330 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00119.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and obesity are major public health issues that significantly impact the health care system. The next generation of health care providers will need a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases if we are to prevent, treat, and eventually cure these diseases and ease the burden on patients and the health care system. Physiology core concepts are a set of core principles, or "big ideas," identified by physiology educators that are thought to promote long-term retention, create a deeper understanding, and help with formation of critical thinking skills. Here we describe our scaffolded teaching approach in an upper year undergraduate pathophysiology course to educate students about these two diseases and discuss how learning about the basis of these highly integrative diseases from the biochemical to whole body level is a meaningful tool in the physiology educator toolbox to reinforce physiology core concepts. This teaching strategy is designed to engage students in the scientific process and hone their problem-solving skills such that they are hopefully equipped to treat and eventually cure these diseases as they move forward in their careers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Students often struggle with integration of physiological systems. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are two related diseases that are useful to explore the interdependence of physiological systems and multiple physiology core concepts. Deep learning about these diseases has the potential to dramatically improve the health care system of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanna L Lowes
- Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holly E Bates
- Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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de Medeiros JM, Silva-Neto LGR, Dos Santos TLF, Dos Santos Neto JE, de Menezes Toledo Florêncio TM. Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with obesity and abdominal obesity in socially vulnerable Brazilian women. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:199-208. [PMID: 38623590 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and identify their association with obesity and abdominal obesity in adult women of reproductive age living in situations of social vulnerability in Maceió, Northeastern Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study carried out between October 2020 and May 2021. An anthropometric evaluation was carried out to assess obesity and abdominal obesity. A dietary assessment was also conducted using a 24-h food recall to determine the calorie intake from UPF. To estimate intra-individual variability in food consumption, the probabilistic Multiple Source Method was used. These data in the form of tertiles were used to analyse the association between the consumption of UPF and obesity and abdominal obesity. Logistic regressions were used to analyse the association. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was created for this analysis. This study included 1702 women of which 53.7% were 31 years old or older, and 74.2% lived in poverty. It identified that 36.5% and 38.1% of the women had obesity and abdominal obesity, respectively, and that an average of 33.8% of calories consumed came from UPF. In the analysis of association guided by the DAG, it was observed that women with a high-calorie intake from UPF had a 1.3 times higher probability of being obese. It was also observed that women with a moderate and high-calorie intake from UPF were 1.4 and 1.3 times more likely, respectively, to have abdominal obesity. Thus, it can be concluded that socially vulnerable women in Brazil have a relatively high consumption of UPF and that this condition increases the probability of obesity in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocione Mara de Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | | | - Thays Lane Ferreira Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Eudes Dos Santos Neto
- Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Campina Grande, Brazil
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LaFata EM, Allison KC, Audrain-McGovern J, Forman EM. Ultra-Processed Food Addiction: A Research Update. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:214-223. [PMID: 38760652 PMCID: PMC11150183 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Detail recent advancements in the science on ultra-processed food (UPF) addiction, focusing on estimated prevalence rates and emerging health disparities; progress towards identifying biological underpinnings and behavioral mechanisms; and implications for weight management. RECENT FINDINGS Notable developments in the field have included: (1) estimating the global prevalence of UPF addiction at 14% of adults and 15% of youths; (2) revealing health disparities for persons of color and those with food insecurity; (3) observing altered functioning across the brain-gut-microbiome axis; (4) providing early evidence for UPF withdrawal; and (5) elucidating poorer weight management outcomes among persons with UPF addiction. The breadth of recent work on UPF addiction illustrates continued scientific and public interest in the construct and its implications for understanding and treating overeating behaviors and obesity. One pressing gap is the lack of targeted interventions for UPF addiction, which may result in more optimal clinical outcomes for this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M LaFata
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
| | - Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Janet Audrain-McGovern
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Evan M Forman
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
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Armitage RM, Iatridi V, Sladekova M, Yeomans MR. Comparing body composition between the sweet-liking phenotypes: experimental data, systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:764-777. [PMID: 38467727 PMCID: PMC11129949 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legislation aimed at reducing sugar intake assumes that sweet-liking drives overconsumption. However, evidence that a greater liking for sweet taste is associated with unhealthier body size is mixed and complicated by relatively small samples, an overreliance on body mass index (BMI) and lack of classification using sweet-liking phenotypes. METHODS We first examined body size data in two larger samples with sweet-liking phenotyping: extreme sweet-likers, moderate sweet-likers and sweet-dislikers. Adults (18-34yrs), attended a two-session lab-based experiment involving phenotyping for sweet-liking status and a bioelectrical impedance body composition measurement (Experiment One: N = 200; Experiment Two: N = 314). Secondly, we conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis: systematic searches across four databases identified 5736 potential articles. Of these, 53 papers met our search criteria: a taste assessment that measured liking using sucrose (>13.7% w/v), which allowed sweet-liking phenotyping and included either BMI, body fat percentage (BF%), fat-free mass (FFM) or waist-circumference. RESULTS A significant effect of sweet-liking phenotype on FFM was found in both Experiment One and Two, with extreme sweet-likers having significantly higher FFM than sweet-dislikers. In Experiment One, sweet-dislikers had a significantly higher BF% than extreme sweet-likers and moderate sweet-likers. However, as these data are from one research group in a young, predominantly westernised population, and the results did not perfectly replicate, we conducted the IPD meta-analyses to further clarify the findings. Robust one-stage IPD meta-analyses of 15 studies controlling for sex revealed no significant differences in BF% (n = 1836) or waist-circumference (n = 706). For BMI (n = 2368), moderate sweet-likers had slightly lower BMI than extreme sweet-likers, who had the highest overall BMI. Most interestingly, for FFM (n = 768), moderate sweet-likers and sweet-dislikers showed significantly lower FFM than extreme sweet-likers. CONCLUSION The higher BMI often seen in sweet-likers may be due to a larger FFM and questions the simple model where sweet liking alone is a risk factor for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Iatridi
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Franchini C, Biasini B, Sogari G, Wongprawmas R, Andreani G, Dolgopolova I, Gómez MI, Roosen J, Menozzi D, Mora C, Scazzina F, Rosi A. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and its association with sustainable dietary behaviors, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle: a cross-sectional study in US University students. Nutr J 2024; 23:56. [PMID: 38797846 PMCID: PMC11129378 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting healthy and sustainable diets is increasingly important and the Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been recognized as an appropriate example that can be adapted to different countries. Considering that the college years are the time when US young adults are most likely to adopt unhealthy eating habits, the present study assessed adherence to the MD and the sustainability of dietary behaviors in a nationally representative sample of US university students, aiming to identify crucial levers for improving their eating behaviors. METHODS MD adherence and the adoption of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns were assessed through the KIDMED and the Sustainable-HEalthy-Diet (SHED Index questionnaires, respectively, administered through an online survey that also included sociodemographic and behavioral questions. Non-parametric and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS A sample of 1485 participants (median (IQR) age 21.0 (19.0-22.0); 59% women) correctly completed the survey. A medium adherence to the MD was the most prevalent (47%). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of being more compliant with the MD increased when meeting physical activity recommendations, having a high SHED Index score, having the willingness to purchase and eat healthy and sustainable dishes, eating ultra-processed plant-based meat alternatives foods daily, and regularly attending the university canteen. CONCLUSIONS Encouraging dietary patterns rich in plant-based foods and with a moderate intake of animal products is crucial to increasing the adoption of healthy and sustainable diets, and university dining services represent a suitable setting to build a supportive environment that educates students on human and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Franchini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Beatrice Biasini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sogari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Andreani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Irina Dolgopolova
- Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, LM Maastricht, 6211, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel I Gómez
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jutta Roosen
- Marketing and Consumer Research, School of Management, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Davide Menozzi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Cristina Mora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy.
- Medical School, Building A, Via Volturno 39, Parma, 43125, Italy.
| | - Alice Rosi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
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Lauche R, Fathi I, Saddat C, Klose P, Al-Abtah J, Büssing A, Rampp T, Dobos G, Cramer H. Effects of Modified Ramadan Fasting on Mental Well-Being and Biomarkers in Healthy Adult Muslims - A Randomised Controlled Trial. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-024-10296-0. [PMID: 38777939 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-024-10296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ramadan fasting has seen increased attention in research, often with inconsistent findings. This study aims to investigate whether dietary and lifestyle modifications during Ramadan can improve well-being and health in healthy adult Muslims. METHOD A randomised controlled trial with two parallel groups was conducted in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Essen, Germany, in 2016. Healthy adult Muslims (n = 114) aged 18-60 years were randomised to a modified fasting group; i.e., they received educational material prompting dietary and lifestyle modifications pre-Ramadan, and a control group who undertook Ramadan fasting as usual. Primary outcome was quality of life (WHO-5 Well-Being Index). Secondary outcomes included sleep quality, spirituality, and mindfulness (all self-report), body weight, body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as blood serum biomarkers. Safety was examined via adverse events. RESULTS The modified fasting group reported significantly higher quality of life (WHO-5) compared to the control after Ramadan (MD 5.9; 95% CI, 0.02-11.8; p < 0.05). Group differences in favour of the modified fasting were also found for satisfaction with health (MD 5.9, 95% CI 0.19-11.67), ease of life (MD 4.1, 95% CI 0.38-7.80) and mindfulness (MD 7.6, 95% CI 2.68-12.52), reductions in weight (MD, - 0.9 kg; 95% CI - 1.39 to - 0.42), BMI (MD - 0.3 kg/m2, 95% CI - 0.50 to - 0.15), hip circumference (MD - 0.3 kg/m2, 95% CI - 0.50 to - 0.15), and diastolic blood pressure (MD - 2.8 mmHg, 95% CI - 5.15 to - 0.43). About 60% of participants reported adverse events, mostly headaches/migraines, dizziness/fatigue, common cold, and gastrointestinal symptoms, with no group differences. One serious non-related adverse event each occurred in both groups. CONCLUSION Pre-Ramadan dietary and lifestyle advice can lead to short-term improvements in mental and physical well-being of adult Muslims observing Ramadan. As such, this study demonstrates the potential benefits of culturally appropriate health interventions in a religious context. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT02775175).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Lauche
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Military Rd, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Iman Fathi
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Chalil Saddat
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Klose
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jallal Al-Abtah
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arndt Büssing
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Thomas Rampp
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Military Rd, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
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Villagrán-Silva F, Lanas F, Huard N, Salazar LA. Body Composition and Its Interaction with Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical and Nutritional Parameters in Chilean Adults with Overweight/Obesity and Normal Weight. Nutrients 2024; 16:1559. [PMID: 38892493 PMCID: PMC11173841 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare and relate the body composition (obtained through anthropometry with the pentacompartmental model and the tricompartmental model by DXA) with bone mineral density and biochemical and nutritional parameters in Chilean adults with overweight/obesity and normal weight from La Araucanía region, Chile. A case-control study was conducted with 116 adults and volunteers from the PURE cohort, collecting sociodemographic data, BMI assessment, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body composition using the pentacompartmental model (5CM) and tricompartmental model (3CM) by DXA, as well as bone mineral density (BMD). Blood biochemical parameters (fasting glucose and lipid profile), physical activity (PA) measured by GPAQ, and average dietary habits (R24h) were measured. In the overweight/obesity group, the 5CM and 3CM adipose mass were indirectly and moderately correlated with PA (p < 0.05), except in the male 5CM group. In the overweight/obesity group, muscle and fat-free mass (FFM) of the 5CM and 3CM correlated directly and moderately with blood fasting glucose (BFG) and BMD (p < 0.05), except in females, where FFM was not related to BMD but was related to residual mass (p < 0.01). Independent of gender and BMI, bone mineral content was positively and highly correlated with BMD (p < 0.0000). In the male overweight/obesity group, bone, skin, and residual mass were correlated with BFG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, for the assessment of non-athletic adult populations, more routine use of the 5CM in clinical practice is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villagrán-Silva
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.L.); (N.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nolberto Huard
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.L.); (N.H.)
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Bertran L, Capellades J, Abelló S, Aguilar C, Auguet T, Richart C. Untargeted lipidomics analysis in women with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303569. [PMID: 38743756 PMCID: PMC11093320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a phenotype of obese individuals termed metabolically healthy obese that present a reduced cardiometabolic risk. This phenotype offers a valuable model for investigating the mechanisms connecting obesity and metabolic alterations such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Previously, in an untargeted metabolomics analysis in a cohort of morbidly obese women, we observed a different lipid metabolite pattern between metabolically healthy morbid obese individuals and those with associated T2DM. To validate these findings, we have performed a complementary study of lipidomics. In this study, we assessed a liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer untargeted lipidomic analysis on serum samples from 209 women, 73 normal-weight women (control group) and 136 morbid obese women. From those, 65 metabolically healthy morbid obese and 71 with associated T2DM. In this work, we find elevated levels of ceramides, sphingomyelins, diacyl and triacylglycerols, fatty acids, and phosphoethanolamines in morbid obese vs normal weight. Conversely, decreased levels of acylcarnitines, bile acids, lyso-phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylinositols, and phosphoethanolamine PE (O-38:4) were noted. Furthermore, comparing morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO, a distinct lipid profile emerged, featuring increased levels of metabolites: deoxycholic acid, diacylglycerol DG (36:2), triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphoethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, and lyso-phosphatidylinositol LPI (16:0). To conclude, analysing both comparatives, we observed decreased levels of deoxycholic acid, PC (34:3), and PE (O-38:4) in morbid obese women vs normal-weight. Conversely, we found elevated levels of these lipids in morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO. These profiles of metabolites could be explored for the research as potential markers of metabolic risk of T2DM in morbid obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bertran
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Abelló
- Scientific and Technical Service, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
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Morales-Cahuancama B, Verdezoto N, Gonzales-Achuy E, Quispe-Gala C, Bautista-Olortegui W, Hinojosa-Mamani P, Aparco JP. Exploring Children's Knowledge of Healthy Eating, Digital Media Use, and Caregivers' Perspectives to Inform Design and Contextual Considerations for Game-Based Interventions in Schools for Low-Income Families in Lima, Peru: Survey Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e49168. [PMID: 38743472 PMCID: PMC11134240 DOI: 10.2196/49168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren is increasing in Peru. Given the increased use of digital media, there is potential to develop effective digital health interventions to promote healthy eating practices at schools. This study investigates the needs of schoolchildren in relation to healthy eating and the potential role of digital media to inform the design of game-based nutritional interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore schoolchildren's knowledge about healthy eating and use of and preferences for digital media to inform the future development of a serious game to promote healthy eating. METHODS A survey was conducted in 17 schools in metropolitan Lima, Peru. The information was collected virtually with specific questions for the schoolchild and their caregiver during October 2021 and November 2021 and following the COVID-19 public health restrictions. Questions on nutritional knowledge and preferences for and use of digital media were included. In the descriptive analysis, the percentages of the variables of interest were calculated. RESULTS We received 3937 validated responses from caregivers and schoolchildren. The schoolchildren were aged between 8 years and 15 years (2030/3937, 55.8% girls). Of the caregivers, 83% (3267/3937) were mothers, and 56.5% (2223/3937) had a secondary education. Only 5.2% (203/3937) of schoolchildren's homes did not have internet access; such access was through WiFi (2151/3937, 54.6%) and mobile internet (1314/3937, 33.4%). In addition, 95.3% (3753/3937) of schoolchildren's homes had a mobile phone; 31.3% (1233/3937) had computers. In relation to children's knowledge on healthy eating, 42.2% (1663/3937) of schoolchildren did not know the recommendation to consume at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, 46.7% (1837/3937) of schoolchildren did not identify front-of-package warning labels (FOPWLs), and 63.9% (2514/3937) did not relate the presence of an FOPWL with dietary risk. Most schoolchildren (3100/3937, 78.7%) preferred to use a mobile phone. Only 38.3% (1509/3937) indicated they preferred a computer. In addition, 47.9% (1885/3937) of caregivers considered that the internet helps in the education of schoolchildren, 82.7% (3254/3937) of caregivers gave permission for schoolchildren to play games with digital devices, and 38% (1495/3937) of caregivers considered that traditional digital games for children are inadequate. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that knowledge about nutrition in Peruvian schoolchildren has limitations. Most schoolchildren have access to the internet, with mobile phones being the device type with the greatest availability and preference for use. Caregivers' perspectives on games and schoolchildren, including a greater interest in using digital games, provide opportunities for the design and development of serious games to improve schoolchildren's nutritional knowledge in Peru. Future research is needed to explore the potential of serious games that are tailored to the needs and preferences of both schoolchildren and their caregivers in Peru in order to promote healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bladimir Morales-Cahuancama
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
- Programa Académico de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Nervo Verdezoto
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Gonzales-Achuy
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Cinthia Quispe-Gala
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Paul Hinojosa-Mamani
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Pablo Aparco
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación, Nutrición y Vida Saludable, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Bennett R, Driessen C, Zorbas C, Sacks G, Gupta A, Cameron A, Gomez-Donoso C, Peeters A, Backholer K. ' Healthier options tend to get lost in the noise of online' - Australian shoppers' experiences with online grocery platforms. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e134. [PMID: 38742445 PMCID: PMC11148825 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to understand what influences parents' purchasing behaviours when shopping for groceries online and potential ways to improve the healthiness of online grocery platforms. DESIGN We conducted semi-structured interviews, guided by the Marketing Mix framework. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse data. SETTING Online interviews were conducted with primary grocery shoppers. PARTICIPANTS Parents (n 14) or caregivers (n 2) using online grocery platforms at least every 2 weeks. RESULTS Most participants perceived purchasing healthy food when shopping for groceries online to be more challenging compared to in physical stores. They expressed concerns about the prominence of online marketing for unhealthy food. Participants from lower socio-economic backgrounds often depended on online supermarket catalogues to find price promotions, but healthy options at discounted prices were limited. Across socio-economic groups, fresh items like meat and fruit were preferred to be purchased instore due to concerns about online food quality.Participants believed online grocery platforms should make healthy foods more affordable and supported regulations on supermarket retailers to promote healthy options and limit unhealthy food promotion online. CONCLUSIONS Participants had varied experiences with online grocery shopping, with both positive and negative aspects. Efforts to improve population diets need to include mechanisms to create health-enabling online grocery retail platforms. Government interventions to restrict marketing of unhealthy foods and promote marketing of healthy options on these platforms warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bennett
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christine Driessen
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christina Zorbas
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adyya Gupta
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Clara Gomez-Donoso
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute of Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Middel CN, Schuitmaker-Warnaar TJ, Mackenbach JD, Broerse JE. A Systems Innovation Perspective on Implementation and Sustainment Barriers for Healthy Food Store Interventions: A Reflexive Monitoring in Action Study in Dutch Supermarkets. Int J Health Policy Manag 2024; 13:8036. [PMID: 39099507 PMCID: PMC11270604 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2024.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy food store interventions (HFIs) are an important health-promotion tool, but face implementation and sustainment barriers. This paper aims to explore the underlying factors that produce these barriers using an innovative systems innovation perspective, through the case study of a multi-component HFI. The HFI was implemented in a minor, national, cooperative supermarket chain, in the Netherlands, a competitive market where price-based competition is the norm. METHODS The HFI was implemented for 6-12 months, in six stores. It was implemented by the researchers, and maintained by store employees. The study applied a Reflexive Monitoring in Action (RMA) approach, meaning that the researchers monitored stores' adherence to the HFI, via store visits, to identify potential issues. Subsequently, the researchers interviewed the store managers responsible for the intervention, to have them reflect upon the barriers leading to these adherence issues, underlying systemic factors, and potential solutions. The stores implemented these solutions, and during the next monitoring visit the researchers evaluated whether the barrier had been resolved. RESULTS We found that the HFI often clashed with regular activities of the stores (eg, competing over the same spaces) and that store managers generally prioritized these regular activities. This prioritization was based on the greater commercial value of those regular activities (eg, selling unhealthy products) according to store managers, based on their beliefs and assumptions about commerce, health, and consumer preferences. Due to the limited resources of supermarkets (eg, people, time, space), and the HFI often not fitting within the existing structures of the stores as easily as traditional practices, store managers often neglected the HFI components in favor of regular store activities. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate the systemic factors that produce implementation barriers for HFIs, and the dynamics by which this production occurs. These insights help future researchers to anticipate and respond to such barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric N.H. Middel
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, www.upstreamteam.nl, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joreintje D. Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, www.upstreamteam.nl, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline E.W. Broerse
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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77
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Rodriguez-Mireles S, Lopez-Valcarcel BG, Galdos-Arias P, Perez-Diaz E, Serra-Majem L. Socioeconomic disparities in diet and physical activity in children: evidence from well-child visit electronic health records in the Canary Islands, Spain. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:354-359. [PMID: 38458631 PMCID: PMC11103342 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and physical activity (PA) in childhood are heavily influenced by the living environment. While diet quality follows a socioeconomic pattern, limited evidence is available in relation to PA in children. We assessed the effect of socioeconomic status at the individual (SES) and neighbourhood (NSES) levels on diet and PA among children from the general population of the Canary Islands, Spain. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients aged 6-14 years from the Canary Health Service in 2018 were included (n=89 953). Diet and PA surveys from the electronic health records of the well-child visit programme were used. A healthy habits (HH) score was defined to assess the level of adherence to the dietary and leisure time PA guidelines. We modelled the association between the HH score, SES and NSES using a stepwise multilevel linear regression analysis, differentiating between specific and general contextual observational effects. RESULTS A strong positive association between SES and the HH score was found, as children living in more affluent families were more likely to follow a healthy diet and being physically active. Differences in the HH score between geographical areas were of minor relevance (variance partition coefficient=1.8%) and the general contextual effects were not substantially mediated by NSES (proportional change in variance=3.5%). However, the HH score was significantly lower in children from areas with a higher percentage of annual incomes below the €18 000 threshold. CONCLUSION HH followed a socioeconomic gradient at the individual and the neighbourhood level. In the study population, the geographical component of the inequalities found were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodriguez-Mireles
- Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Management, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Admissions and Clinical Documentation, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Health Care Quality Assessment and Information System, Healthcare Programmes General Directorate, Canary Islands Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Lopez-Valcarcel
- Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Management, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Patricia Galdos-Arias
- Department of Primary Care, Healthcare Programmes General Directorate, Canary Islands Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Enrique Perez-Diaz
- Department of Primary Care, Healthcare Programmes General Directorate, Canary Islands Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil de Canarias, Canary Islands Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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78
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Godoy-Cumillaf A, Fuentes-Merino P, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Duclos-Bastías D, Bruneau-Chávez J, Vergara-Ampuero D, Merellano-Navarro E. Association between Gross Motor Competence and Physical Fitness in Chilean Children Aged 4 to 6 Years. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:561. [PMID: 38790556 PMCID: PMC11119627 DOI: 10.3390/children11050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The preschool period is considered critical for the development of motor competence, but as far as we know, no studies have investigated the association between motor competence and physical fitness in Chilean children. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between gross motor competence and physical fitness, controlling for possible confounding factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 144 preschool children (56.25% girls) with an average age of 5.3 years (4 to 6 years) from the Araucanía region, Chile. Motor competence was measured using the Children's Movement Assessment Battery, 2nd Edition (MABC-2). Regarding physical fitness, the components of cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body muscle strength and speed/agility were evaluated using the Battery to Assess FITness in PREschool (PREFIT). Partial correlation models and analysis of variance (ANCOVA) were used to assess differences in physical fitness between motor competence categories, controlling for age and body mass index. The mean fitness scores for cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body muscle strength and speed/agility components were significantly higher in children with higher gross motor competence. In terms of effect size, large values were found for the lower body strength component in model 1 for boys and in model 2 for the total samples of girls and boys. The results of this study suggest that good levels of gross motor competence are associated with better physical fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Paola Fuentes-Merino
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Daniel Duclos-Bastías
- Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Science Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - José Bruneau-Chávez
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Diego Vergara-Ampuero
- Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile;
| | - Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
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79
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Lisciani S, Marconi S, Le Donne C, Camilli E, Aguzzi A, Gabrielli P, Gambelli L, Kunert K, Marais D, Vorster BJ, Alvarado-Ramos K, Reboul E, Cominelli E, Preite C, Sparvoli F, Losa A, Sala T, Botha AM, Ferrari M. Legumes and common beans in sustainable diets: nutritional quality, environmental benefits, spread and use in food preparations. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1385232. [PMID: 38769988 PMCID: PMC11104268 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1385232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, scarcity of available resources, population growth and the widening in the consumption of processed foods and of animal origin have made the current food system unsustainable. High-income countries have shifted towards food consumption patterns which is causing an increasingly process of environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources, with the increased incidence of malnutrition due to excess (obesity and non-communicable disease) and due to chronic food deprivation. An urgent challenge is, therefore, to move towards more healthy and sustainable eating choices and reorientating food production and distribution to obtain a human and planetary health benefit. In this regard, legumes represent a less expensive source of nutrients for low-income countries, and a sustainable healthier option than animal-based proteins in developed countries. Although legumes are the basis of many traditional dishes worldwide, and in recent years they have also been used in the formulation of new food products, their consumption is still scarce. Common beans, which are among the most consumed pulses worldwide, have been the focus of many studies to boost their nutritional properties, to find strategies to facilitate cultivation under biotic/abiotic stress, to increase yield, reduce antinutrients contents and rise the micronutrient level. The versatility of beans could be the key for the increase of their consumption, as it allows to include them in a vast range of food preparations, to create new formulations and to reinvent traditional legume-based recipes with optimal nutritional healthy characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lisciani
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Camilli
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Altero Aguzzi
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrielli
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Gambelli
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Karl Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Diana Marais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Barend Juan Vorster
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - Eleonora Cominelli
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Preite
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Losa
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural and Economics Research, Montanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Tea Sala
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural and Economics Research, Montanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Anna-Maria Botha
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marika Ferrari
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
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80
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Henney AE, Wilding JPH, Alam U, Cuthbertson DJ. Obesity pharmacotherapy in older adults: a narrative review of evidence. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01529-z. [PMID: 38710803 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in older adults (people aged >60 years) is increasing in line with the demographic shift in global populations. Despite knowledge of obesity-related complications in younger adults (increased risk of type 2 diabetes, liver and cardiovascular disease and malignancy), these considerations may be outweighed, in older adults, by concerns regarding weight-loss induced reduction in skeletal muscle and bone mass, and the awareness of the 'obesity paradox'. Obesity in the elderly contributes to various obesity-related complications from cardiometabolic disease and cancer, to functional decline, worsening cognition, and quality of life, that will have already suffered an age-related decline. Lifestyle interventions remain the cornerstone of obesity management in older adults, with emphasis on resistance training for muscle strength and bone mineral density preservation. However, in older adults with obesity refractory to lifestyle strategies, pharmacotherapy, using anti-obesity medicines (AOMs), can be a useful adjunct. Recent evidence suggests that intentional weight loss in older adults with overweight and obesity is effective and safe, hence a diminishing reluctance to use AOMs in this more vulnerable population. Despite nine AOMs being currently approved for the treatment of obesity, limited clinical trial evidence in older adults predominantly focuses on incretin therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide). AOMs enhance weight loss and reduce cardiometabolic events, while maintaining muscle mass. Future randomised controlled trials should specifically evaluate the effectiveness of novel AOMs for long-term weight management in older adults with obesity, carefully considering the impact on body composition and functional ability, as well as health economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Henney
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Metabolism & Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.
| | - John P H Wilding
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Metabolism & Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Uazman Alam
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Metabolism & Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Daniel J Cuthbertson
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Metabolism & Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liverpool and Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
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81
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Müller MJ, Bosy-Westphal A, Wells JCK. Perspective: Do Scientists Become Part of the Obesity Problem? Obes Facts 2024; 17:325-328. [PMID: 38705137 PMCID: PMC11299962 DOI: 10.1159/000539136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is fundamentally a condition where physiology and behavior of individuals meet the environment, and the emerging global obesity pandemic reflects the contribution of a wide range of cultural, societal, economic and systemic driving forces. Today, different areas of obesity research are relatively separated from each other in discrete silos, with biomedical research determining most of our understanding and solution strategies. This has led to the Y in the road, which means the questionable assumption that effective drug treatment of individual patients is also an effective measure to improve population health. Since human obesity is a condition of population health and planetary impact a better integration of biomedical and public health approaches is based on critical (self-)reflection and communicative understanding of scientists from various research areas who should be on an equal footing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred J Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany,
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, London, UK
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82
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Xu M, Wilson JP, Bruine de Bruin W, Lerner L, Horn AL, Livings MS, de la Haye K. New insights into grocery store visits among east Los Angeles residents using mobility data. Health Place 2024; 87:103220. [PMID: 38492528 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we employed spatially aggregated population mobility data, generated from mobile phone locations in 2021, to investigate patterns of grocery store visits among residents east and northeast of Downtown Los Angeles, in which 60% of the census tracts had previously been designated as "food deserts". Further, we examined whether the store visits varied with neighborhood sociodemographics and grocery store accessibility. We found that residents averaged 0.4 trips to grocery stores per week, with only 13% of these visits within home census tracts, and 40% within home and neighboring census tracts. The mean distance from home to grocery stores was 2.2 miles. We found that people visited grocery stores more frequently when they lived in neighborhoods with higher percentages of Hispanics/Latinos, renters and foreign-born residents, and a greater number of grocery stores. This research highlights the utility of mobility data in elucidating grocery store use, and factors that may facilitate or be a barrier to store access. The results point to limitations of using geographically constrained metrics of food access like food deserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 3616 Trousdale Parkway AHF B55, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - John P Wilson
- Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 3616 Trousdale Parkway AHF B55, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Sociology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 851 Downey Way HSH 314, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Computer Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; School of Architecture, University of Southern California, 850 Bloom Walk WAH 204, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Wändi Bruine de Bruin
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, 650 Childs Way RGL 311, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Psychology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3620 S McClintock Avenue SGM 501, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 635 Downey Way VPD, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Leo Lerner
- Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 3616 Trousdale Parkway AHF B55, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Abigail L Horn
- Information Sciences Institute and Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Michelle Sarah Livings
- Center for Research on Child and Family Wellbeing, School of Public & International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Kayla de la Haye
- Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 3616 Trousdale Parkway AHF B55, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 635 Downey Way VPD, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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83
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Kong S. How Gender-Targeted Body Image Concerns Influence People's Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1218-1234. [PMID: 37183655 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2210378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As excessive sugar intake can result in obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer, this study aims to help people reduce sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake by exploring how gender-differed body image concerns influence people's attitude and intention of SSBs consumption. A 2 (Participants' gender: Male vs. Female) × 2 (Image gender: Male vs. Female) × 2 (Body image concern: Gaining weight vs. Losing muscle mass) online experiment was conducted to examine how the gender-differed body image concerns influence people's perception of SSBs. The findings showed that gender-differed body image concerns exerted a significant influence across genders. Muscle mass loss-related information is more effective in generating negative attitude toward SSBs from males. Female image-related physical appearance change is more effective in generating negative attitude toward SSBs from females. This study also contributes to targeted communication by revealing that the quality-oriented targeted information outperformed the traditional quantity-oriented targeted information. Furthermore, this study complements EPPM by discovering the underlying mechanisms of female-targeted body image concern, such as perceived severity and response efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Kong
- Communication and Media, Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi
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84
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Boyland E, Spanakis P, O'Reilly C, Christiansen P. Associations between everyday exposure to food marketing and hunger and food craving in adults: An ecological momentary assessment study. Appetite 2024; 196:107241. [PMID: 38307297 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Food marketing in television and digital media negatively affects appetitive sensations and eating behaviour in children, but effects are less well understood for outdoor food advertising and adults. This research used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to explore associations between exposures to food advertising in various contexts (television, digital, outdoors) and adults' hunger and craving for highly advertised food categories. Over one week, participants provided ratings of cravings for types of food (fast food, soft drinks, snacks/confectionery, other) and hunger on a smartphone app up to six times per day when they saw a food advertisement (reactive assessment) and at random intervals (random assessment). Fifty-four participants (70.4 % female; 21.24 ± 3.84 years) provided 1223 assessments (24.7 % reactive, 75.3 % random). Data were analysed in R using multilevel multivariable linear regression models. Participants reported feeling hungrier (X2(1) = 5.85, p = .016, ΔAIC = 3.9) and having stronger cravings (X2(1) = 20.64, p < .001, ΔAIC = 318.6) after seeing food advertisements vs. random assessments. This was driven by greater hunger following television advertising exposure vs. random assessments (β = 1.58, SE = 0.61, p = .010, 95 %CIs 0.38 to 2.78), food advertising via digital devices or outdoors was not associated with hunger. Participants experienced stronger craving after seeing a food advertisement on television (β = 0.52, SE = 0.19, p = .006, 95 %CIs 0.15 to 0.89), outdoors (β = 0.39, SE = 0.12, p < .001, 95 % CIs 0.16 to 0.62) and in digital media (β = 0.36, SE = 0.14, p = .012, 95 % CIs 0.08 to 0.64), vs. random assessments. Cravings were (largely) specific to the advertised food category. EMA can be effective for assessing food marketing associations in adults. The current study provides evidence that food marketing is associated with hunger and craving in adults, which may, with replication, have implications for public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Boyland
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Panagiotis Spanakis
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Connor O'Reilly
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Paul Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
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85
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da Silva IO, de Menezes NK, Jacobina HD, Parra AC, Souza FL, Castro LC, Roelofs JJTH, Tammaro A, Gomes SA, Sanches TR, Andrade L. Obesity aggravates acute kidney injury resulting from ischemia and reperfusion in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9820. [PMID: 38684767 PMCID: PMC11059346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In critically ill patients, overweight and obesity are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the effect of obesity on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI is unknown. We hypothesized that obesity would aggravate renal IRI in mice. We fed mice a standard or high-fat diet for eight weeks. The mice were divided into four groups and submitted to sham surgery or IRI: obese, normal, normal + IRI, obese, and obese + IRI. All studies were performed 48 h after the procedures. Serum glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine clearance did not differ among the groups. Survival and urinary osmolality were lower in the obese + IRI group than in the normal + IRI group, whereas urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels, tubular injury scores, and caspase 3 expression were higher. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was highest in the obese + IRI group, as were the levels of oxidative stress (urinary levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and renal heme oxygenase-1 protein expression), whereas renal Klotho protein expression was lowest in that group. Expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and peroxiredoxin 6, proteins that induce lipid peroxidation, a hallmark of ferroptosis, was lower in the obese + IRI group. Notably, among the mice not induced to AKI, macrophage infiltration was greater in the obese group. In conclusion, greater oxidative stress and ferroptosis might aggravate IRI in obese individuals, and Klotho could be a therapeutic target in those with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicole K de Menezes
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa D Jacobina
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Parra
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lima Souza
- Laboratory of Cellular Genetic and Molecular Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3º Andar, sala 3310, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Leticia Cardoso Castro
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Tammaro
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samirah Abreu Gomes
- Laboratory of Cellular Genetic and Molecular Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3º Andar, sala 3310, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Talita Rojas Sanches
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Andrade
- Laboratory of Basic Science in Renal Diseases (LIM-12), Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
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86
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Flori L, Benedetti G, Calderone V, Testai L. Hydrogen Sulfide and Irisin, Potential Allies in Ensuring Cardiovascular Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:543. [PMID: 38790648 PMCID: PMC11118251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine secreted under the influence of physical activity and exposure to low temperatures and through different exogenous stimuli by the cleavage of its precursor, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). It is mainly known for maintaining of metabolic homeostasis, promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, the thermogenesis process, and glucose homeostasis. Growing experimental evidence suggests the possible central role of irisin in the regulation of cardiometabolic pathophysiological processes. On the other side, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is well recognized as a pleiotropic gasotransmitter that regulates several homeostatic balances and physiological functions and takes part in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. Through the S-persulfidation of cysteine protein residues, H2S is capable of interacting with crucial signaling pathways, exerting beneficial effects in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis as well. H2S and irisin seem to be intertwined; indeed, recently, H2S was found to regulate irisin secretion by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)/FNDC5/irisin signaling pathway, and they share several mechanisms of action. Their involvement in metabolic diseases is confirmed by the detection of their lower circulating levels in obese and diabetic subjects. Along with the importance of metabolic disorders, these modulators exert favorable effects against cardiovascular diseases, preventing incidents of hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review, for the first time, aims to explore the role of H2S and irisin and their possible crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases, pointing out the main effects exerted through the common molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Giada Benedetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
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87
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Fazzino TL, Summo C, Pasqualone A. The Italian food environment may confer protection from hyper-palatable foods: evidence and comparison with the United States. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1364695. [PMID: 38694228 PMCID: PMC11061459 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1364695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-national food corporations may saturate country-level food systems with hyper-palatable foods. However, the degree to which global food corporations have been integrated into country-level food systems may vary. Italy has largely retained local food production and may have low hyper-palatable food (HPF) availability in the food supply. The study quantified the prevalence of HPF in the Italian food system and compared the hyper-palatability of similar foods across Italy and the United States, which has wide HPF saturation. Methods A national food system dataset was used to characterize HPF availability in Italy. A representative sample of foods commonly consumed in both Italy and the US were collected and compared. Foods represented six categories: cookies/biscotti, cakes/merendine, salty snacks, industrial bread, frozen pizza and protein/cereal bars. A standardized definition from Fazzino et al. identified HPF. Results Less than one third (28.8%) of foods in the Italian food system were hyper-palatable. US HPF items had significantly higher fat, sugar, and/or sodium across most food categories (p values = 0.001 to 0.0001). Italian HPF items had higher fiber and/or protein relative to US HPF from the same category (p values = 0.01 to 0.0001). Conclusion The Italian food system may confer protection from HPF exposure. HPF products in Italy had lower palatability-related nutrients and higher satiety-promoting nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tera L. Fazzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Carmine Summo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Pasqualone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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88
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Potvin Kent M, Bagnato M, Amson A, Remedios L, Pritchard M, Sabir S, Gillis G, Pauzé E, Vanderlee L, White C, Hammond D. #junkfluenced: the marketing of unhealthy food and beverages by social media influencers popular with Canadian children on YouTube, Instagram and TikTok. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:37. [PMID: 38605322 PMCID: PMC11010392 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marketing of unhealthy foods to children on digital media significantly impacts their dietary preferences and contributes to diet-related noncommunicable diseases. Canadian children spend a significant amount of time on digital devices and are frequently exposed to unhealthy food marketing on social media, including by influencers with celebrity status who endorse products. This study aimed to examine the frequency, healthfulness, and power of unhealthy food marketing in posts by influencers popular with Canadian children on YouTube, Instagram and TikTok. METHODS The top 9 influencers popular amongst Canadian children aged 10-12 years were identified from the 2021 International Food Policy Study Youth Survey. A total of 2,232 Instagram, YouTube and TikTok posts made by these influencers between June 1st 2021 and May 31st 2022 were examined for instances of food marketing. Food products/brands were identified and frequencies were calculated for the number of posts promoting food products/brands, posts promoting products/brands classified as less healthy according to Health Canada's Nutrient Profile Model (2018) and marketing techniques utilized. RESULTS YouTube had the highest average rate of food marketing instances per post, at a rate of 1 food marketing instance every 0.7 posts, while TikTok and Instagram had instances every 10.2 posts and 19.3 posts, respectively. Overall, fast food restaurants was the most promoted food category (21%), followed by regular soft drinks (13%), snacks (11%), candy and chocolate (11%) and water (8%). The most frequently used marketing techniques were appeals to fun/cool (37%), the use of songs or music (28%) and the product being consumed (25%). In terms of healthfulness, 83% of the products/brands (87% of brands and 82% of products) promoted were classified as less healthy. CONCLUSIONS Social media influencers play a substantial role in promoting unhealthy food products to children, primarily fast food items. Given the significant impact of such marketing on children, there is a need for ongoing government-led monitoring, and it is crucial to include social media and influencer marketing in marketing restrictions targeting children in Canada to safeguard this vulnerable demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Mariangela Bagnato
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Amson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Remedios
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan Pritchard
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Soulene Sabir
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Grace Gillis
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Pauzé
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- School of Nutrition, Centre NUTRISS (Nutrition, Santé, Société), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine White
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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89
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Mäkinen VP, Ala-Korpela M. Influence of age and sex on longitudinal metabolic profiles and body weight trajectories in the UK Biobank. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae055. [PMID: 38641429 PMCID: PMC11031410 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate characterization of how age influences body weight and metabolism at different stages of life is important for understanding ageing processes. Here, we explore observational longitudinal associations between metabolic health and weight from the fifth to the seventh decade of life, using carefully adjusted statistical designs. METHODS Body measures and biochemical data from blood and urine (220 measures) across two visits were available from 10 104 UK Biobank participants. Participants were divided into stable (within ±4% per decade), weight loss and weight gain categories. Final subgroups were metabolically matched at baseline (48% women, follow-up 4.3 years, ages 41-70; n = 3368 per subgroup) and further stratified by the median age of 59.3 years and sex. RESULTS Pulse pressure, haemoglobin A1c and cystatin-C tracked ageing consistently (P < 0.0001). In women under 59, age-associated increases in citrate, pyruvate, alkaline phosphatase and calcium were observed along with adverse changes across lipoprotein measures, fatty acid species and liver enzymes (P < 0.0001). Principal component analysis revealed a qualitative sex difference in the temporal relationship between body weight and metabolism: weight loss was not associated with systemic metabolic improvement in women, whereas both age strata converged consistently towards beneficial (weight loss) or adverse (weight gain) phenotypes in men. CONCLUSIONS We report longitudinal ageing trends for 220 metabolic measures in absolute concentrations, many of which have not been described for older individuals before. Our results also revealed a fundamental dynamic sex divergence that we speculate is caused by menopause-driven metabolic deterioration in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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90
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Sun X. The molecular mechanism of macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in maintaining energy homeostasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378202. [PMID: 38650945 PMCID: PMC11033412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes in adipose tissue are critical for the regulation of energy metabolism and obesity. Macrophage polarization induced by cold or other stimulations can drive metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes, browning, and thermogenesis. Accordingly, investigating the roles of macrophages and adipocytes in the maintenance of energy homeostasis is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting macrophages in metabolic disorders such as obesity. Current review outlines macrophage polarization not only regulates the release of central nervous system and inflammatory factors, but controls mitochondrial function, and other factor that induce metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes and maintain energy homeostasis. We also emphasized on how the adipocytes conversely motivate the polarization of macrophage. Exploring the interactions between adipocytes and macrophages may provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Guo Z, Huang B, Gan L, Liang S, Liu Y. No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240940. [PMID: 38584824 PMCID: PMC10998676 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We applied Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationship between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV). Methods We chose two types of obesity diseases. Obesity due to excessive calories and other or unspecified obesity from the FinnGen database. We used genomic significance (p < 5 × 10-8) to obtain independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables. Similarly, genome-wide association study data for the disease BPV were selected from the FinnGen database. R was then used to test the data for multiplicity and heterogeneity, as well as to detect the effect of individual SNPs on the results. Random effects inverse variance weighting was used as the main statistical analysis. Results First, by analyzing, we found an outlier in obesity due to excessive calories (rs12956821). Outliers were then removed, and the statistical results were analyzed without heterogeneity (p > 0.05) and horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05), as well as individual SNPs having no effect on the results. Meanwhile, random-effects IVW results showed obesity due to excessive calories (p = 0.481; OR = 0.941), and other or unspecified obesity (p = 0.640; OR = 0.964). Conclusions The present study did not find a causal relationship between the above two obesity types and BPV at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bingyu Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingxiao Gan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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92
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Mollet SD, Manton DJ, Wollgast J, Toebes B. A Right to Health-Based Approach to Dental Caries: Toward a Comprehensive Control Strategy. Caries Res 2024; 58:444-453. [PMID: 38565094 PMCID: PMC11313044 DOI: 10.1159/000538459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health is a matter of human rights, and dental caries is the most common noncommunicable disease globally. Consequently, dental caries is a matter of human rights and its control, particularly prevention, must be a priority. Although largely preventable, this is too often neglected, both in the literature of human rights and health law, and in dental research. The right to oral health has recently been acknowledged by the World Health Organization (WHO), but it is insufficiently clear what this right entails. SUMMARY This article introduces a right to health-based narrative in the context of dental caries. The right to health is stipulated in human rights treaties, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). States that are parties to these treaties, which are virtually all States globally, are mandated to ensure the enjoyment of individuals' right to the highest attainable standard of health, including oral health. KEY MESSAGES Dental caries is a matter of human rights. States have binding obligations to address dental caries: they require the regulation of the healthcare system, i.e., the traditional focus on operative care, but also put the regulation of other risk factors on an equal footing, such as the regulation of the living environment and access to fluoride. A right to health-based approach to dental caries thus offers a comprehensive approach to dental caries control, particularly prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dominique Mollet
- Faculty of Law, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - David John Manton
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wollgast
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Brigit Toebes
- Faculty of Law, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Aletta Jacobs School of Public Health, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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93
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Spanholi MW, Matsuo LH, Roberto DMT, Pereira LJ, Belchor ALL, Cezimbra VG, Junior CASA, Vieira FGK, Silva DAS, de Vasconcelos FDAG, Soar C, Corrêa EN, Rockenbach G, Leite MS, de Assis MAA, Di Pietro PF, Kupek E, Leal DB, Hinnig PDF. Trends in the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and thinness among schoolchildren aged 7-14 years from southern Brazil (2002-2019). Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24013. [PMID: 37971206 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the obesity, overweight, and thinness trends among Brazilian schoolchildren by sex, age group, and type of school according to World Health Organization (WHO) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. METHODS We conducted four surveys between 2002 and 2018/19 involving schoolchildren aged 7-14 years from a state capital in southern Brazil. Weight status was classified using both WHO and IOTF criteria. RESULTS In the total sample, obesity prevalence based on the IOTF and the WHO criteria were 72% and 44% higher in 2018/19 compared with 2002, respectively. Over the whole period, the obesity prevalence increased among children (WHO: 10.1% vs. 14.1%; IOTF: 5.0% vs. 8.3%), and those from public schools (WHO: 10.5% vs. 16.4%; IOTF: 5.6% vs. 10.1%). There was no significant reduction in thinness prevalence over the analyzed period. CONCLUSION Obesity prevalence remains on an upward trend in a state capital in southern Brazil, especially among children from public schools. A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed using the WHO criteria compared with IOTF criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Winck Spanholi
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luísa Harumi Matsuo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Jeremias Pereira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Lages Belchor
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Guimarães Cezimbra
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Soar
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Nappi Corrêa
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Rockenbach
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maurício Soares Leite
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Faria Di Pietro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emil Kupek
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Biazzi Leal
- Federation of Industries of the State of Santa Catarina (FIESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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94
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Liang D, Li G. Pulling the trigger: Noncoding RNAs in white adipose tissue browning. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:399-420. [PMID: 38157150 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) serves as the primary site for energy storage and endocrine regulation in mammals, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for thermogenesis and energy expenditure. The conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like fat cells, known as browning, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for reversing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of transcripts that do not encode proteins but exert regulatory functions on gene expression at various levels. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of ncRNAs in adipose tissue development, differentiation, and function. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of ncRNAs in adipose biology, with a focus on their role and intricate mechanisms in WAT browning. Also, we discuss the potential applications and challenges of ncRNA-based therapies for overweight and its metabolic disorders, so as to combat the obesity epidemic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehuan Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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95
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Gao L, Hu S, Yang D, Wang L, Togo J, Wu Y, Li B, Li M, Wang G, Zhang X, Li L, Xu Y, Mazidi M, Couper E, Whittington-Davies A, Niu C, Speakman JR. The hedonic overdrive model best explains high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:733-742. [PMID: 38410048 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-fat diets cause obesity in male mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Here, three contrasting ideas were assessed: hedonic overdrive, reverse causality, and passive overconsumption models. METHODS A total of 12 groups of 20 individually housed 12-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 12 high-fat diets with varying fat content from 40% to 80% (by calories), protein content from 5% to 30%, and carbohydrate content from 8.4% to 40%. Body weight and food intake were monitored for 30 days after 7 days at baseline on a standard low-fat diet. RESULTS After exposure to the diets, energy intake increased first, and body weight followed later. Intake then declined. The peak energy intake was dependent on both dietary protein and carbohydrate, but not the dietary fat and energy density, whereas the rate of decrease in intake was only related to dietary protein. On high-fat diets, the weight of food intake declined, but despite this average reduction of 14.4 g in food intake, they consumed, on average, 357 kJ more energy than at baseline. CONCLUSIONS The hedonic overdrive model fit the data best. The other two models were not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sumei Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Moshen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elspeth Couper
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Chaoqun Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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96
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Tsay HJ, Gan YL, Su YH, Sun YY, Yao HH, Chen HW, Hsu YT, Hsu JTA, Wang HD, Shie FS. Reducing brain Aβ burden ameliorates high-fat diet-induced fatty liver disease in APP/PS1 mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116404. [PMID: 38471275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver disease is a deteriorating risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitigating fatty liver disease has been shown to attenuate AD-like pathology in animal models. However, it remains unclear whether enhancing Aβ clearance through immunotherapy would in turn attenuate HFD-induced fatty liver or whether its efficacy would be compromised by long-term exposure to HFD. Here, the therapeutic potentials of an anti-Aβ antibody, NP106, was investigated in APP/PS1 mice by HFD feeding for 44 weeks. The data demonstrate that NP106 treatment effectively reduced Aβ burden and pro-inflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice and ameliorated HFD-aggravated cognitive impairments during the final 18 weeks of the study. The rejuvenating characteristics of microglia were evident in APP/PS1 mice with NP106 treatment, namely enhanced microglial Aβ phagocytosis and attenuated microglial lipid accumulation, which may explain the benefits of NP106. Surprisingly, NP106 also reduced HFD-induced hyperglycemia, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, and hepatic lipids, concomitant with modifications in the expressions of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. The data further reveal that brain Aβ burden and behavioral deficits were positively correlated with the severity of fatty liver disease and fasting serum glucose levels. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that anti-Aβ immunotherapy using NP106, which alleviates AD-like disorders in APP/PS1 mice, ameliorates fatty liver disease. Minimizing AD-related pathology and symptoms may reduce the vicious interplay between central AD and peripheral fatty liver disease, thereby highlighting the importance of developing AD therapies from a systemic disease perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Tsay
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ling Gan
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Han Su
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng-Hsiang Yao
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Ting Hsu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - John Tsu-An Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Feng-Shiun Shie
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC.
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97
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Cassano S, Jia A, Gibson AA, Partridge SR, Chan V, Farrell P, Phongsavan P, Allman-Farinelli M, Jia SS. Benchmarking online food delivery applications against menu labelling laws: a cross-sectional observational analysis. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e101. [PMID: 38557393 PMCID: PMC11036439 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unknown how well menu labelling schemes that enforce the display of kilojoule (kJ) labelling at point-of-sale have been implemented on online food delivery (OFD) services in Australia. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of kJ labelling on the online menus of large food outlets with more than twenty locations in the state or fifty locations nationally. A secondary aim was to evaluate the nutritional quality of menu items on OFD from mid-sized outlets that have fewer locations than what is specified in the current scheme. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. Prevalence of kJ labelling by large food outlets on OFD from August to September 2022 was examined. Proportion of discretionary ('junk food') items on menus from mid-sized outlets was assessed. SETTING Forty-three unique large food outlets on company (e.g. MyMacca's) and third party OFD (Uber Eats, Menulog, Deliveroo) within Sydney, Australia. Ninety-two mid-sized food outlets were analysed. PARTICIPANTS N/A. RESULTS On company OFD apps, 35 % (7/23) had complete kJ labelling for each menu item. In comparison, only 4·8 % (2/42), 5·3 % (2/38) and 3·6 % (1/28) of large outlets on Uber Eats, Menulog and Deliveroo had complete kJ labelling at all locations, respectively. Over three-quarters, 76·3 % (345/452) of menu items from mid-sized outlets were classified as discretionary. CONCLUSIONS Kilojoule labelling was absent or incomplete on a high proportion of online menus. Mid-sized outlets have abundant discretionary choices and yet escape criteria for mandatory menu labelling laws. Our findings show the need to further monitor the implementation of nutrition policies on OFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Cassano
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Anna Jia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Alice A Gibson
- The University of Sydney, Menzies Centre for Policy and
Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney,
NSW2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre,
Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Partridge
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre,
Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Engagement and Co-Design Research Hub,
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney,
NSW2006, Australia
| | - Virginia Chan
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Penny Farrell
- The University of Sydney, Menzies Centre for Policy and
Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney,
NSW2006, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre,
Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Prevention Research Collaboration,
Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney,
NSW2006, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre,
Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Si Si Jia
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre,
Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Engagement and Co-Design Research Hub,
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney,
NSW2006, Australia
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98
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Evans R, Christiansen P, Masterson T, Barlow G, Boyland E. Food and non-alcoholic beverage marketing via Fortnite streamers on Twitch: A content analysis. Appetite 2024; 195:107207. [PMID: 38218416 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Food and non-alcoholic beverage (hereafter: food) marketing is prevalent in digital media and predominantly for foods high in fats, salt and/or sugar (HFSS). However, little is known about food marketing in videogame livestreaming platforms - a hybridisation of social and gaming media where individuals can watch influencers (i.e., streamers) play videogames. No studies have explored food cues within the streamed content or content likely to be viewed by adolescents. The current study analysed the food cues in Twitch (the leading videogame livestreaming platform) videos (n = 52, 52h) uploaded to the platform during October 2020-September 2021 by influencers likely to be popular with adolescents. Food cues (n = 133, 2.56 per hour) were coded for exposure (e.g., display type, healthfulness) and power (e.g., presentation) using a World Health Organization (WHO) protocol and the UK Nutrient Profile Model. The majority (70.7%) of cues were HFSS, with energy drinks being the most featured food category (62.4%). Most cues were branded (80.5%) and featured as either product placement (44.4%) or a looping image (40.6%). Influencers were more likely to consume healthy (88.5%) than HFSS items (33.4%). The mean duration of each food cue was 20 min and 25 s per hour. Only 2.3% of cues had an advertising disclosure. This study provides the first empirical assessment of food cues on Twitch in livestreamed content likely to be popular with adolescents and has implications for digital food marketing policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Paul Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Travis Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, 226 Henderson, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Georgia Barlow
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Emma Boyland
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
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99
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Reynolds AZ, Niedbalski SD. Sex-biased gene regulation varies across human populations as a result of adaptive evolution. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 183:e24888. [PMID: 38100225 PMCID: PMC11279473 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies of human sexual dimorphism and gender disparities in health focus on ostensibly universal molecular sex differences, such as sex chromosomes and circulating hormone levels, while ignoring the extraordinary diversity in biology, behavior, and culture acquired by different human populations over their unique evolutionary histories. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using RNA-Seq data and whole genome sequences from 1000G and HGDP, we investigate variation in sex-biased gene expression across 11 human populations and test whether population-level variation in sex-biased expression may have resulted from adaptive evolution in regions containing sex-specific regulatory variants. RESULTS We find that sex-biased gene expression in humans is highly variable, mostly population-specific, and demonstrates between population reversals. Expression quantitative trait locus mapping reveals sex-specific regulatory regions with evidence of recent positive natural selection, suggesting that variation in sex-biased expression may have evolved as an adaptive response to ancestral environments experienced by human populations. DISCUSSION These results indicate that sex-biased gene expression is more flexible than previously thought and is not generally shared among human populations. Instead, molecular phenotypes associated with sex depend on complex interactions between population-specific molecular evolution and physiological responses to contemporary socioecologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Z. Reynolds
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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100
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Chen Z, Liang N, Zhang H, Li H, Guo J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Shi N. Resistant starch and the gut microbiome: Exploring beneficial interactions and dietary impacts. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101118. [PMID: 38282825 PMCID: PMC10819196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between resistant starch (RS) and the gut microbiome presents a dynamic frontier in nutrition science. This review synthesizes current understandings of how RS, an indigestible form of starch found naturally in certain foods and also enhanced through various modification methods, interacts with the gut microbiome. We particularly focus on how RS fermentation in the colon contributes to the production of beneficial volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate. These VFAs have been recognized for their vital roles in maintaining gut barrier integrity, modulating inflammation, and potentially influencing systemic health. Additionally, we discuss the dietary implications of consuming foods rich in RS, both in terms of gut health and broader metabolic outcomes. By consolidating these insights, we emphasize the significance of RS in the context of dietary strategies aimed at harnessing the gut microbiome's potential to impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haili Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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