51
|
Haribabu V, Girigoswami K, Sharmiladevi P, Girigoswami A. Water-Nanomaterial Interaction to Escalate Twin-Mode Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4377-4389. [PMID: 33455176 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has gained utmost importance in the recent past in early diagnosis of diseases. In comparison to other imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven to extend its abilities not only for its usage of non-ionizing radiation but also for the high spatial resolution in soft tissues. A major limitation faced by MRI is the sensitivity in detecting diseased conditions until a certain stage. At present, this limitation is overcome with the use of contrast agents that show potential in altering the T1 and T2 relaxation times of the hydrogen protons. This modulation to the relaxation times leads to better contrast differences based on the type of contrast agent and the pulse sequence being engaged for acquiring images. Water molecules, as the major contributor of hydrogen protons, are proven to interact with such contrast agents. Major drawbacks noted with the marketed MRI contrast agents are their toxicity and renal clearance. To conquer these issues, magnetic nanomaterials are being researched for their abilities to match the contrast enhancement offered by traditional agents reducing their drawbacks. Furthermore, comparative diagnosis with both T1 and T2 contrast at the same time has also interested investigators. To achieve this, twin mode T1 and T2 weighted contrast agents are developed utilizing the remarkable properties extended by magnetic nanoplatforms. As a step forward, multimodal imaging agents are also being engineered based on these magnetic nanoplatforms that will generate cross-verified diagnoses using multiple imaging modalities with a unique imaging agent. This review starts by introducing the basics of MRI with major focus on the typical interactions of water molecules with a variety of magnetic nanomaterials. The review also concentrates on the clinical needs and nanomaterials available for twin T1 and T2 contrast with a minor introduction to multimodal imaging agents. In conclusion, the advent of MRI with the advantages offered by magnetic nanomaterials is summarized, leading to insights for future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Haribabu
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India
| | - Palani Sharmiladevi
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Nguyen HVT, Detappe A, Harvey P, Gallagher N, Mathieu C, Agius MP, Zavidij O, Wang W, Jiang Y, Rajca A, Jasanoff A, Ghobrial IM, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Pro-organic radical contrast agents ("pro-ORCAs") for real-time MRI of pro-drug activation in biological systems. Polym Chem 2020; 11:4768-4779. [PMID: 33790990 PMCID: PMC8009311 DOI: 10.1039/d0py00558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxide-based organic-radical contrast agents (ORCAs) are promising as safe, next-generation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tools. Nevertheless, stimuli-responsive ORCAs that enable MRI monitoring of prodrug activation have not been reported; such systems could open new avenues for prodrug validation and image-guided drug delivery. Here, we introduce a novel "pro-ORCA" concept that addresses this challenge. By covalent conjugation of nitroxides and drug molecules (doxorubicin, DOX) to the same brush-arm star polymer (BASP) through chemically identical cleavable linkers, we demonstrate that pro-ORCA and prodrug activation, i.e., ORCA and DOX release, leads to significant changes in MRI contrast that correlate with cytotoxicity. This approach is shown to be general for a range of commonly used linker cleavage mechanisms (e.g., photolysis and hydrolysis) and release rates. Pro-ORCAs could find applications as research tools or clinically viable "reporter theranostics" for in vitro and in vivo MRI-correlated prodrug activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Centre Paul Strauss, 3 Rue de la Porte de l’Hopital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Nolan Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael P. Agius
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Oksana Zavidij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - P. Peter Ghoroghchian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
54
|
Guo S, Wang X, Dai Y, Dai X, Li Z, Luo Q, Zheng X, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Luo K. Enhancing the Efficacy of Metal-Free MRI Contrast Agents via Conjugating Nitroxides onto PEGylated Cross-Linked Poly(Carboxylate Ester). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000467. [PMID: 32714757 PMCID: PMC7375229 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, two water-soluble PROXYL-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) macromolecular organic contrast agents (mORCAs) are designed and synthesized: linear and cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL. They are prepared by conjugating linear and cross-linked poly(carboxylate ester) (PCE) with poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG2000)-modified nitroxides (PROXYL), respectively. Both mORCAs form self-assembled aggregates in an aqueous phase and PROXYL is protected inside a hydrophobic core to achieve great resistance to reduction in the physiological environment, and they have low toxicity. Since cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL possess a branched architecture, its self-assembled aggregate is more stable and compact with a greater particle size. Cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL outperform the linear one in the following aspects: 1) its longitudinal relaxivity (r 1 = 0.79 mm -1 s-1) is higher than that of the linear one (r 1 = 0.64 mm -1 s-1) and both excel the best mORCA reported so far (r 1 = 0.42 mm -1 s-1); 2) its blood retention time (≈48 h) is longer than that of its linear counterpart (≈10 h); 3) cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL provided better MR imaging contrast resolution in normal organs (liver and kidney) and tumor of mice than the linear one. Overall, cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL may have great potential to be a novel metal-free macromolecular contrast agent for MR imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Guo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan Province646000P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS)104 Pipashan Zheng StreetChongqing400014P. R. China
| | - Yan Dai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan Province646000P. R. China
| | - Xinghang Dai
- West China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing CentreKeck Graduate InstituteClaremontCA91711USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Uddin MA, Yu H, Wang L, Naveed K, Haq F, Amin BU, Mehmood S, Nazir A, Xing Y, Shen D. Recent progress in
EPR
study of spin labeled polymers and spin probed polymer systems. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Alim Uddin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Kaleem‐ur‐Rahman Naveed
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Fazal Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Bilal Ul Amin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Sahid Mehmood
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yusheng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Di Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Melone L, Bach A, Lamura G, Canepa F, Nivajärvi R, Olsson V, Kettunen M. Cyclodextrin‐Based Organic Radical Contrast Agents for in vivo Imaging of Gliomas. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1171-1178. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Melone
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
- UniversitàTelematica e-Campus Via Isimbardi 10 22060 Novedrate, Como Italy
| | - Alice Bach
- Polytech Sorbonne 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | | | - Fabio Canepa
- CNR-SPIN Corso Perrone 24 16152 Genoa Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversità di Genova Via Dodecaneso, 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Riikka Nivajärvi
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern Finland Neulaniementie 2 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Venla Olsson
- Molecular Medicine A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern Finland Neulaniementie 2 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Mikko Kettunen
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern Finland Neulaniementie 2 70211 Kuopio Finland
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Human Serum Albumin Labelled with Sterically-Hindered Nitroxides as Potential MRI Contrast Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071709. [PMID: 32276437 PMCID: PMC7180620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Four albumin-nitroxide conjugates were prepared and tested as metal-free organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each human serum albumin (HSA) carrier bears multiple nitroxides conjugated via homocysteine thiolactones. These molecular conjugates retain important physical and biological properties of their HSA component, and the resistance of their nitroxide groups to bioreduction was retained or enhanced. The relaxivities are similar for these four conjugates and are much greater than those of their individual components: the HSA or the small nitroxide molecules. This new family of conjugates has excellent prospects for optimization as ORCAs.
Collapse
|
58
|
Wang S, Easley AD, Lutkenhaus JL. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Fundamentals for the Future of Macromolecular Nitroxide Radicals. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:358-370. [PMID: 35648551 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular radicals, radical polymers, and polyradicals bear unique functionalities derived from their pendant radical groups. The increasing need for organic functional materials is driving the growth in research interest in macromolecular radicals for batteries, electronics, memory, and imaging. This Viewpoint summarizes the current state-of-knowledge regarding the macromolecular nitroxide radicals' redox mechanism, conductivity, chain conformation, controlled polymerization, network structure, conjugated forms, and applications. The nitroxide radical group is the focus because it is the most widely studied. Although most literature focuses upon applications, an emerging body of work is highlighting the fundamental physicochemical properties of macromolecular radicals. To this end, this Viewpoint recommends areas of opportunity in fundamental studies and best practices in reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexandra D. Easley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Lee H, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Lumata JL, Luzuriaga MA, Hagge LM, Benjamin CE, Brohlin OR, Parish CR, Firouzi HR, Nielsen SO, Lumata LL, Gassensmith JJ. Supramolecular and biomacromolecular enhancement of metal-free magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2045-2050. [PMID: 32180926 PMCID: PMC7053506 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging are based on gadolinium, however side effects limit their use in some patients. Organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) are potential alternatives, but are reduced rapidly in physiological conditions and have low relaxivities as single molecule contrast agents. Herein, we use a supramolecular strategy where cucurbit[8]uril binds with nanomolar affinities to ORCAs and protects them against biological reductants to create a stable radical in vivo. We further overcame the weak contrast by conjugating this complex on the surface of a self-assembled biomacromolecule derived from the tobacco mosaic virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Arezoo Shahrivarkevishahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Jenica L Lumata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Michael A Luzuriaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Laurel M Hagge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Candace E Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Olivia R Brohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Christopher R Parish
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA
| | - Hamid R Firouzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Steven O Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Lloyd L Lumata
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
- Department of Bioengineering , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Gallagher NM, Ye H, Feng S, Lopez J, Zhu YG, Van Voorhis T, Shao‐Horn Y, Johnson JA. An N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Derived Distonic Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Hong‐Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Shuting Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yun Guang Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yang Shao‐Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Gallagher NM, Ye HZ, Feng S, Lopez J, Zhu YG, Van Voorhis T, Shao-Horn Y, Johnson JA. An N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Derived Distonic Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3952-3955. [PMID: 31825136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We present the discovery of a novel radical cation formed through one-electron oxidation of an N-heterocyclic carbene-carbodiimide (NHC-CDI) zwitterionic adduct. This compound possesses a distonic electronic structure (spatially separate spin and charge regions) and displays persistence under ambient conditions. We demonstrate its application in a redox-flow battery exhibiting minimal voltage hysteresis, a flat voltage plateau, high Coulombic efficiency, and no performance decay for at least 100 cycles. The chemical tunability of NHCs and CDIs suggests that this approach could provide a general entry to redox-active NHC-CDI adducts and their persistent radical ions for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shuting Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yun Guang Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Casabianca S, Capellacci S, Penna A, Cangiotti M, Fattori A, Corsi I, Ottaviani MF, Carloni R. Physical interactions between marine phytoplankton and PET plastics in seawater. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124560. [PMID: 31437632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are the most abundant marine debris globally dispersed in the oceans and its production is rising with documented negative impacts in marine ecosystems. However, the chemical-physical and biological interactions occurring between plastic and planktonic communities of different types of microorganisms are poorly understood. In these respects, it is of paramount importance to understand, on a molecular level on the surface, what happens to plastic fragments when dispersed in the ocean and directly interacting with phytoplankton assemblages. This study presents a computer-aided analysis of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of selected spin probes able to enter the phyoplanktonic cell interface and interact with the plastic surface. Two different marine phytoplankton species were analyzed, such as the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum, in absence and presence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments in synthetic seawater (ASPM), in order to in-situ characterize the interactions occurring between the microalgal cells and plastic surfaces. The analysis was performed at increasing incubation times. The cellular growth and adhesion rates of microalgae in batch culture medium and on the plastic fragments were also evaluated. The data agreed with the EPR results, which showed a significant difference in terms of surface properties between the diatom and dinoflagellate species. Low-polar interactions of lipid aggregates with the plastic surface sites were mainly responsible for the cell-plastic adhesion by S. marinoi, which is exponentially growing on the plastic surface over the incubation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casabianca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Campus E. Mattei, Via Cà le Suore 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy; Conisma, Consorzio di Scienze Interuniversitario sul Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 6, 00136, Rome, Italy.
| | - Samuela Capellacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Campus E. Mattei, Via Cà le Suore 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy; Conisma, Consorzio di Scienze Interuniversitario sul Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 6, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Penna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Campus E. Mattei, Via Cà le Suore 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy; Conisma, Consorzio di Scienze Interuniversitario sul Mare, Piazzale Flaminio 6, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Cangiotti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Campus E. Mattei, Via Cà le Suore 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Alberto Fattori
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Campus E. Mattei, Via Cà le Suore 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Campus E. Mattei, Via Cà le Suore 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Riccardo Carloni
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Campus E. Mattei, Via Cà le Suore 2/4, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Li R, Li X, Zhang Y, Delawder AO, Colley ND, Whiting EA, Barnes JC. Diblock brush-arm star copolymers via a core-first/graft-from approach using γ-cyclodextrin and ROMP: a modular platform for drug delivery. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble diblock brush-arm star copolymers using γ-CD-based core-first ring-opening metathesis polymerization, allowing for anticancer drug delivery via host–guest interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | - Yipei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Colley
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | - Emma A. Whiting
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | - Jonathan C. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Pinto LF, Lloveras V, Zhang S, Liko F, Veciana J, Muñoz-Gómez JL, Vidal-Gancedo J. Fully Water-Soluble Polyphosphorhydrazone-Based Radical Dendrimers Functionalized with Tyr-PROXYL Radicals as Metal-Free MRI T1 Contrast Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:369-376. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F. Pinto
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vega Lloveras
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flonja Liko
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L. Muñoz-Gómez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Vidal-Gancedo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB−CSIC; Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Shieh P, Nguyen HVT, Johnson JA. Tailored silyl ether monomers enable backbone-degradable polynorbornene-based linear, bottlebrush and star copolymers through ROMP. Nat Chem 2019; 11:1124-1132. [PMID: 31659310 PMCID: PMC6874888 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene-based (macro)monomers is a powerful approach for the synthesis of macromolecules with diverse compositions and complex architectures. Nevertheless, a fundamental limitation of polymers prepared by this strategy is their lack of facile degradability, limiting their utility in a range of applications. Here we describe a class of readily available bifunctional silyl ether-based cyclic olefins that copolymerize efficiently with norbornene-based (macro)monomers to provide copolymers with backbone degradability under mildly acidic aqueous conditions and degradation rates that can be tuned over several orders of magnitude, depending on the silyl ether substituents. These monomers can be used to manipulate the in vivo biodistribution and clearance rate of polyethylene glycol-based bottlebrush polymers, as well as to synthesize linear, bottlebrush and brush-arm star copolymers with degradable segments. We expect that this work will enable preparation of degradable polymers by ROMP for biomedical applications, responsive self-assembly and improved sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Akakuru OU, Iqbal MZ, Saeed M, Liu C, Paunesku T, Woloschak G, Hosmane NS, Wu A. The Transition from Metal-Based to Metal-Free Contrast Agents for T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2264-2286. [PMID: 31380621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received significant attention as the noninvasive diagnostic technique for complex diseases. Image-guided therapeutic strategy for diseases such as cancer has also been at the front line of biomedical research, thanks to the innovative MRI, enhanced by the prior delivery of contrast agents (CAs) into patients' bodies through injection. These CAs have contributed a great deal to the clinical utility of MRI but have been based on metal-containing compounds such as gadolinium, manganese, and iron oxide. Some of these CAs have led to cytotoxicities such as the incurable Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF), resulting in their removal from the market. On the other hand, CAs based on organic nitroxide radicals, by virtue of their structural composition, are metal free and without the aforementioned drawbacks. They also have improved biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, and long blood circulation times, and have been proven to offer tissue contrast enhancement with longitudinal relaxivities comparable with those for the metal-containing CAs. Thus, this Review highlights the recent progress in metal-based CAs and their shortcomings. In addition, the remarkable goals achieved by the organic nitroxide radical CAs in the enhancement of MR images have also been discussed extensively. The focal point of this Review is to emphasize or demonstrate the crucial need for transition into the use of organic nitroxide radicals-metal-free CAs-as against the metal-containing CAs, with the aim of achieving safer application of MRI for early disease diagnosis and image-guided therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19(A) Yuquan Road , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - M Zubair Iqbal
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textiles , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , No. 2 Road of Xiasha , Hangzhou 310018 , P.R. China
| | - Madiha Saeed
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19(A) Yuquan Road , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19(A) Yuquan Road , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Narayan S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , Illinois 60115 , United States
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Nagura K, Bogdanov A, Chumakova N, Vorobiev AK, Moronaga S, Imai H, Matsuda T, Noda Y, Maeda T, Koizumi S, Sakamoto K, Amano T, Yoshino F, Kato T, Komatsu N, Tamura R. Size-tunable MRI-visible nitroxide-based magnetic mixed micelles: preparation, stability, and theranostic application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:224002. [PMID: 30743248 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free magnetic mixed micelles (mean diameter: 16 nm) composed of biocompatible surfactant Tween 80 and hydrophobic pyrrolidine-N-oxyl radical were prepared by mixing them in phosphate-buffered saline. The magnetic mixed micelles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and small angle neutron scattering measurements. The stability of the micelles is found to depend on the length of alkyl side chain in the nitroxide compounds and degree of unsaturation in the hydrophobic chain in the surfactant. The size of the mixed micelle can be tuned by changing the molar ratio of Tween 80 and nitroxyl radical. In view of theranostic application of the micelle, the cytotoxicity and stability in a physiological environment was investigated; the mixed micelle exhibited no cytotoxicity, high colloidal stability and high resistance towards reduction by large excess ascorbic acid. The in vitro and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed sufficient contrast enhancement in the proton longitudinal relaxation time (T 1) weighted images. In addition, hydrophobic fluorophores and an anticancer drug are stably encapsulated in the mixed micelles and showed fluorescence (FL) upon reduction by ascorbic acid and cytotoxicity to cancer cells, respectively. For example, the paclitaxel-loaded mixed micelles efficiently suppressed cancer cell growth. Furthermore, they were found to give higher MRI contrast (higher r 1 value) in vitro than the micelles without paclitaxel. The magnetic mixed micelles presented here are promising theranostic agents in nanomedicine due to their high biocompatibility and high resistivity towards reduction as well as functioning as a drug carrier in therapy and MR or FL imaging probe in diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nagura
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Black HD, Xu W, Hortle E, Robertson SI, Britton WJ, Kaur A, New EJ, Witting PK, Chami B, Oehlers SH. The cyclic nitroxide antioxidant 4-methoxy-TEMPO decreases mycobacterial burden in vivo through host and bacterial targets. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:157-166. [PMID: 30878645 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by persistent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rise of antibiotic resistant strains necessitates the design of novel treatments. Recent evidence shows that not only is M. tuberculosis highly resistant to oxidative killing, it also co-opts host oxidant production to induce phagocyte death facilitating bacterial dissemination. We have targeted this redox environment with the cyclic nitroxide derivative 4-methoxy-TEMPO (MetT) in the zebrafish-M. marinum infection model. MetT inhibited the production of mitochondrial ROS and decreased infection-induced cell death to aid containment of infection. We identify a second mechanism of action whereby stress conditions, including hypoxia, found in the infection microenvironment appear to sensitise M. marinum to killing by MetT both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our study demonstrates MetT inhibited the growth and dissemination of M. marinum through host and bacterial targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison D Black
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health, Australia
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Elinor Hortle
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health and Marie Bashir Institute, Australia
| | | | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health and Marie Bashir Institute, Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, Australia
| | | | - Paul K Witting
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health, Australia
| | - Belal Chami
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health, Australia
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health and Marie Bashir Institute, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Alvaradejo GG, Nguyen HVT, Harvey P, Gallagher NM, Le D, Ottaviani MF, Jasanoff A, Delaittre G, Johnson JA. Polyoxazoline-Based Bottlebrush and Brush-Arm Star Polymers via ROMP: Syntheses and Applications as Organic Radical Contrast Agents. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:473-478. [PMID: 31289694 PMCID: PMC6615754 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of functional poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) (PAOx) copolymers with complex nanoarchitectures using a graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) approach is described. First, well-defined norbornene-terminated poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) macromonomers (MM) were prepared by cationic ringopening polymerization. ROMP of these MMs produced bottlebrush copolymers with PEtOx side chains. In addition, PEtOx-based branched MMs bearing a terminal alkyne group were prepared and conjugated to an azide-containing bis-spirocyclohexyl nitroxide via Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). ROMP of this branched MM, followed by in situ cross-linking, provided PEtOx-based brush-arm star polymers (BASPs) with nitroxide radicals localized at the core-shell interface. These PEtOx-based nitroxide-containing BASPs displayed relaxivity values on par with state-of-the-art polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based nitroxide materials, making them promising as organic radical contrast agents for metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gil Alvaradejo
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76134 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Harvey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nolan M. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dao Le
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76134 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76134 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Le D, Dilger M, Pertici V, Diabaté S, Gigmes D, Weiss C, Delaittre G. Ultraschnelle Synthese multivalenter radikalischer Nanopartikel durch ringöffnende Metathesepolymerisations‐induzierte Selbstorganisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Le
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Marco Dilger
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Vincent Pertici
- Aix-Marseille-Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273 13397 Marseille Frankreich
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille-Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273 13397 Marseille Frankreich
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Le D, Dilger M, Pertici V, Diabaté S, Gigmes D, Weiss C, Delaittre G. Ultra‐Fast Synthesis of Multivalent Radical Nanoparticles by Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4725-4731. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Le
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Marco Dilger
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Vincent Pertici
- Aix-Marseille-Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273 13397 Marseille France
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille-Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273 13397 Marseille France
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Levi AE, Lequieu J, Horne JD, Bates MW, Ren JM, Delaney KT, Fredrickson GH, Bates CM. Miktoarm Stars via Grafting-Through Copolymerization: Self-Assembly and the Star-to-Bottlebrush Transition. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
73
|
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: A Review of History, Pathophysiology, and Current Guidelines. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-019-0312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
74
|
Wahsner J, Gale EM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Caravan P. Chemistry of MRI Contrast Agents: Current Challenges and New Frontiers. Chem Rev 2019; 119:957-1057. [PMID: 30350585 PMCID: PMC6516866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tens of millions of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams are performed annually around the world. The contrast agents, which improve diagnostic accuracy, are almost exclusively small, hydrophilic gadolinium(III) based chelates. In recent years concerns have arisen surrounding the long-term safety of these compounds, and this has spurred research into alternatives. There has also been a push to develop new molecularly targeted contrast agents or agents that can sense pathological changes in the local environment. This comprehensive review describes the state of the art of clinically approved contrast agents, their mechanism of action, and factors influencing their safety. From there we describe different mechanisms of generating MR image contrast such as relaxation, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and direct detection and the types of molecules that are effective for these purposes. Next we describe efforts to make safer contrast agents either by increasing relaxivity, increasing resistance to metal ion release, or by moving to gadolinium(III)-free alternatives. Finally we survey approaches to make contrast agents more specific for pathology either by direct biochemical targeting or by the design of responsive or activatable contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wahsner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric M. Gale
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Wang Z, Paquette JA, Staroverov VN, Gilroy JB, Sham TK. X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy of a Stable 6-Oxoverdazyl Radical and Its Diamagnetic Precursor. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:323-328. [PMID: 30582809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of 1,3,5-triphenyl-6-oxoverdazyl, a heteroatom-rich stable organic radical, and its diamagnetic 1,3,5-triphenyl-6-oxotetrazane precursor are probed using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The N K-edge XANES spectra of the 6-oxoverdazyl radical contain strong N 1s → π* resonances for each set of equivalent nitrogen atoms. The fact that these resonances are absent from the analogous spectra of the 6-oxotetrazane, whereas the O K-edge and C K-edge XANES spectra of both species are very similar, demonstrates that the unpaired electron of the radical is localized primarily on the N atoms of the 6-oxoverdazyl heterocycle. The O K-edge XANES spectra of both species contain strong O 1s → π* (C═O) peaks, but the peak of the radical is red-shifted by 0.5 eV relative to that of the 6-oxotetrazane, which indicates that the C═O bond in the radical is part of a larger π-conjugated system. The proposed interpretations of the XANES spectra are aided by density-functional calculations.
Collapse
|
76
|
Nicolas C, Fontaine L, Montembault V. Nitroxide radical-containing polynorbornenes by ring-opening metathesis polymerization as stabilizing agents for polyolefins. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00769e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of original 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-containing dicarboximide norbornene monomers have been synthesized and polymerized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization using the Grubbs 3rd generation catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Nicolas
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM)
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM)
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM)
- UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9
- France
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Ko JH, Maynard HD. A guide to maximizing the therapeutic potential of protein-polymer conjugates by rational design. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8998-9014. [PMID: 30443654 PMCID: PMC6322549 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00606g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are an important class of therapeutics that have advantages including high target specificity, but challenges to their use include rapid clearance and low physical stability. Conjugation of synthetic polymers is an effective approach to address the drawbacks and enhance other properties such as solubility. In this review, we present various considerations in synthesizing protein-polymer conjugates for therapeutic applications with a focus on the choice of polymer, protein, and conjugation method, as well as characterization and evaluation of the resulting conjugate in order to maximize the therapeutic potential of the protein drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Synthesis of Soluble Star-Shaped Polymers via In and Out Approach by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of Norbornene: Factors Affecting the Synthesis. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods for one-pot synthesis of ‘soluble’ star-shaped polymers by sequential living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene (NBE) and cross-linking (CL) reagent using Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)(OtBu)2 have been explored. The method (called the “in and out” or core-first approach) basically consists of (i) the living ROMP of NBE (formation of arm), (ii) reaction with CL (formation of core), (iii) additional living ROMP of NBE (propagating arms from the core, formation of star), (iv) end-modification via Wittig-type cleavage of metal–carbon double bonds containing polymer chain with aldehyde. Two different approaches in the core formation step (reaction with CL mixed with/without NBE) for synthesis of the high molecular weight star-shaped ROMP polymers with more branching, unimodal molecular weight distributions have been explored in detail. The method (reacting CL with NBE in the core formation step) under highly diluted conditions afforded the high molecular weight polymers with unimodal molecular weight distributions.
Collapse
|
79
|
Golder MR, Nguyen HVT, Oldenhuis NJ, Grundler J, Park EJ, Johnson JA. Brush-First and ROMP-Out with Functional (Macro)monomers: Method Development, Structural Investigations, and Applications of an Expanded Brush-Arm Star Polymer Platform. Macromolecules 2018; 51:9861-9870. [PMID: 31303680 PMCID: PMC6625813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of complex functional polymeric nanomaterials is often challenging. Ru-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of multivalent macromonomers followed by cross-linking to form brush-arm star (BASP) polymers enables access to well-defined nano-structures with diverse functionality. This "brush-first" method leaves active Ru in the BASP microgel core, which could potentially be used in a subsequent "ROMP-out" (RO) step to introduce further modifications to the BASP structure via the addition of (macro)monomers. Here, we study this RO approach in depth. The efficiency of RO is assessed for a variety of BASP compositions using a combination of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography. To demonstrate the modularity of the RO process, arylboronic acid-functionalized BASPs were prepared; uptake of these RO-BASPs into hypersialylated cancer cells was enhanced relative to non-functionalized BASPs as determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the self-assembly of miktoarm BASPs prepared via brush-first and RO with different macromonomers is demonstrated. The combination of brush-first ROMP with RO provides a simple, modular strategy for access to a wide array of functional nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nathan J. Oldenhuis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julian Grundler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, 1000 Holt Avenue, Winter Park, Florida 32789, United States
| | - Ellane J. Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, 1000 Holt Avenue, Winter Park, Florida 32789, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Nguyen HVT, Detappe A, Gallagher NM, Zhang H, Harvey P, Yan C, Mathieu C, Golder MR, Jiang Y, Ottaviani MF, Jasanoff A, Rajca A, Ghobrial I, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Triply Loaded Nitroxide Brush-Arm Star Polymers Enable Metal-Free Millimetric Tumor Detection by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11343-11354. [PMID: 30387988 PMCID: PMC6320246 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxides occupy a privileged position among plausible metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) due to their inherently low-toxicity profiles; nevertheless, their translational development has been hindered by a lack of appropriate contrast sensitivity. Nanostructured materials with high nitroxide densities, where each individual nitroxide within a macromolecular construct contributes to the image contrast, could address this limitation, but the synthesis of such materials remains challenging. Here, we report a modular and scalable synthetic approach to nitroxide-based brush-arm star polymer (BASP) organic radical CAs (ORCAs) with high nitroxide loadings. The optimized ∼30 nm diameter "BASP-ORCA3" displays outstanding T2 sensitivity with a very high molecular transverse relaxivity ( r2 > 1000 mM-1 s-1). BASP-ORCA3 further exhibits excellent stability in vivo, no acute toxicity, and highly desirable pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles for longitudinal detection of tumors by MRI. When injected intravenously into mice bearing subcutaneous plasmacytomas, BASP-ORCA3 affords distinct in vivo visualization of tumors on translationally relevant time scales. Leveraging its high sensitivity, BASP-ORCA3 enables efficient mapping of tumor necrosis, which is an important biomarker to predict therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, BASP-ORCA3 allows for detection of millimetric tumor implants in a disseminated murine model of advanced-stage human ovarian cancer that possess genetic, histological, and vascular characteristics that are similar to those seen in patients. This work establishes BASP-ORCA3 as a promising metal-free spin contrast agent for MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nolan M. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Peter Harvey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Changcun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Matthew R. Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Irene Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - P. Peter Ghoroghchian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Skórka Ł, Maurel V, Gosk JB, Puźniak R, Mouesca JM, Kulszewicz-Bajer I. Highly Efficient Tuning of Ferromagnetic Spin Interactions in High-Spin Arylamine Structures by Incorporation of Spin Bearing Carbazole Units. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9584-9591. [PMID: 30230334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine moieties oxidized to radical cations are considered promising spin bearing units in high-spin-type compounds. Here, we report the first use of carbazole-3,6-diamine units as efficient, rigid spin containing units. The use of rigid spin bearing units enhances significantly spin exchange interactions. The design using density functional theory calculations shows the progressive increase of the exchange coupling constant dependent on the considered model molecules. Two of the most representative molecules containing flexible (dimer 1) and rigid spin coupling unit (dimer 2) were synthesized. Electrochemical and pulsed-electron paramagnetic resonance nutation studies showed that both dimers can be oxidized to yield a majority of dicationic diradicals exhibiting S = 1 ground states. The high values of the dimer 2 exchange coupling constant obtained both computationally ( J/ kB = 145 K; HHeis. = - JS1 S2) and experimentally ( J/ kB = 90-100 K) indicate the beneficial role of the carbazole moiety incorporated into spin bearing units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Skórka
- Faculty of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Jacek B Gosk
- Faculty of Physics , Warsaw University of Technology , Koszykowa 75 , 00-662 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Roman Puźniak
- Institute of Physics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Lotników 32/46 , 02-668 Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Irena Kulszewicz-Bajer
- Faculty of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Shibuya Y, Tatara R, Jiang Y, Shao‐Horn Y, Johnson JA. Brush‐First ROMP of poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers of varied length: impact of polymer architecture on thermal behavior and Li
+
conductivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Shibuya
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ryoichi Tatara
- Research Laboratory of ElectronicsMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yang Shao‐Horn
- Research Laboratory of ElectronicsMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhang R, Peterson JP, Fischer LJ, Ellern A, Winter AH. Effect of Structure on the Spin–Spin Interactions of Tethered Dicyanomethyl Diradicals. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14308-14313. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Joshua P. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Logan J. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Arkady Ellern
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Arthur H. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Wang J, Wang H, Ramsay IA, Erstad DJ, Fuchs BC, Tanabe KK, Caravan P, Gale EM. Manganese-Based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Tumors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Lead Candidate Evaluation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8811-8824. [PMID: 30204438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gd-based MRI contrast agents (GBCAs) have come under intense regulatory scrutiny due to concerns of Gd retention and delayed toxicity. Three GBCAs comprising acyclic Gd chelates, the class of GBCA most prone to Gd release, are no longer marketed in Europe. Of particular concern are the acyclic chelates that remain available for liver scans, where there is an unmet diagnostic need and no replacement technology. To address this concern, we evaluated our previously reported Mn-based MRI contrast agent, Mn-PyC3A, and nine newly synthesized derivatives as liver specific MRI contrast agents. Within this focused library the transient liver uptake and rate of blood clearance are directly correlated with log P. The complex Mn-PyC3A-3-OBn emerged as the lead candidate due to a combination of high relaxivity, rapid blood clearance, and avid hepatocellular uptake. Mn-PyC3A-3-OBn rendered liver tumors conspicuously hypo-intense in a murine model and is wholly eliminated within 24 h of injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Derek J Erstad
- Department of Surgical Oncology , Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School , WRN401, 55 Fruit Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Department of Surgical Oncology , Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School , WRN401, 55 Fruit Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology , Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School , WRN401, 55 Fruit Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Elbeshlawi I, AbdelBaki MS. Safety of Gadolinium Administration in Children. Pediatr Neurol 2018; 86:27-32. [PMID: 30390954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of paramagnetic contrast in the late 1980s constituted a paradigm shift boosting the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging. Due to its high magnetic moment, gadolinium-based contrast agent made its way smoothly as the flagship paramagnetic contrast. With the widespread application, reports of untoward effects started to surface. Allergic reactions, nephrogenic systemic sclerosis, and deposition in brain tissue dented the safety profile of gadolinium-based contrast agent. Better understanding of these adverse effects prompted preventive measures. This article elucidates the gadolinium-based contrast agent toxicity in the pediatric population based on the current available evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Elbeshlawi
- Division of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohamed S AbdelBaki
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Deming TJ, Klok HA, Armes SP, Becker ML, Champion JA, Chen EYX, Heilshorn SC, van Hest JCM, Irvine DJ, Johnson JA, Kiessling LL, Maynard HD, de la Cruz MO, Sullivan MO, Tirrell MV, Anseth KS, Lecommandoux S, Percec S, Zhong Z, Albertsson AC. Polymers at the Interface with Biology. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3151-3162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Deming
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1600, United States
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Program in Polymers and Soft Matter, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1600, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Millicent O. Sullivan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sebastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey Berland F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Simona Percec
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Shaikh S, Rehman FU, Du T, Jiang H, Yin L, Wang X, Chai R. Real-Time Multimodal Bioimaging of Cancer Cells and Exosomes through Biosynthesized Iridium and Iron Nanoclusters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26056-26063. [PMID: 30011179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal bioimaging is a powerful tool for visualizing the abnormal state at the target site of the related disease. In this study, we used multimodal imaging techniques such as computed tomography, fluorescence, and magnetic resonance imaging to improve early and precise diagnosis of tumor. Herein, we reported the facile in situ biosynthesis of iridium and iron oxide nanoclusters (NCs) in cancer cells or tumor tissue. These NCs are used as a multimodal bioimaging probe to improve the image sensitivity and specificity toward the tumor. These NCs are applied for the in vivo multimodal imaging in the form of an imaging probe capable of enhancing the sensitivity of the image and specificity toward the tumor tissue. Our observation demonstrates that highly luminescent and magnetic NCs are not only biocompatible but also tumor-targeted because NC formation does not take place in normal cells and tissues. In addition, we isolated exosomes and the biosynthesized NCs internalized within exosomes, and these exosomes can be used as cancer biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | | | - Renjie Chai
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Dharmarwardana M, Martins AF, Chen Z, Palacios PM, Nowak CM, Welch RP, Li S, Luzuriaga MA, Bleris L, Pierce BS, Sherry AD, Gassensmith JJ. Nitroxyl Modified Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a Metal-Free High-Relaxivity MRI and EPR Active Superoxide Sensor. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2973-2983. [PMID: 29771534 PMCID: PMC6078806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide overproduction is known to occur in multiple disease states requiring critical care; yet, noninvasive detection of superoxide in deep tissue remains a challenge. Herein, we report a metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) active contrast agent prepared by "click conjugating" paramagnetic organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) to the surface of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). While ORCAs are known to be reduced in vivo to an MRI/EPR silent state, their oxidation is facilitated specifically by reactive oxygen species-in particular, superoxide-and are largely unaffected by peroxides and molecular oxygen. Unfortunately, single molecule ORCAs typically offer weak MRI contrast. In contrast, our data confirm that the macromolecular ORCA-TMV conjugates show marked enhancement for T1 contrast at low field (<3.0 T) and T2 contrast at high field (9.4 T). Additionally, we demonstrated that the unique topology of TMV allows for a "quenchless fluorescent" bimodal probe for concurrent fluorescence and MRI/EPR imaging, which was made possible by exploiting the unique inner and outer surface of the TMV nanoparticle. Finally, we show TMV-ORCAs do not respond to normal cellular respiration, minimizing the likelihood for background, yet still respond to enzymatically produced superoxide in complicated biological fluids like serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madushani Dharmarwardana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - André F. Martins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Philip M. Palacios
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Chance M. Nowak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Raymond P. Welch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Michael A. Luzuriaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Brad S. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Wang H, Agarwal P, Zhao G, Ji G, Jewell CM, Fisher JP, Lu X, He X. Overcoming Ovarian Cancer Drug Resistance with a Cold Responsive Nanomaterial. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:567-581. [PMID: 29806003 PMCID: PMC5968444 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance due to overexpression of membrane transporters in cancer cells and the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a major hurdle to effective and safe cancer chemotherapy. Nanoparticles have been explored to overcome cancer drug resistance. However, drug slowly released from nanoparticles can still be efficiently pumped out of drug-resistant cells. Here, a hybrid nanoparticle of phospholipid and polymers is developed to achieve cold-triggered burst release of encapsulated drug. With ice cooling to below ∼12 °C for both burst drug release and reduced membrane transporter activity, binding of the drug with its target in drug-resistant cells is evident, while it is minimal in the cells kept at 37 °C. Moreover, targeted drug delivery with the cold-responsive nanoparticles in combination with ice cooling not only can effectively kill drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells and their CSCs in vitro but also destroy both subcutaneous and orthotopic ovarian tumors in vivo with no evident systemic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical
Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Comprehensive Cancer
Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Pranay Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Comprehensive Cancer
Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute
of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical
Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Marlene
and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- United
States Department of Veterans Affairs, Maryland
VA Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - John P. Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical
Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department
of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer
Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical
Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Comprehensive Cancer
Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Marlene
and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Lloveras V, Liko F, Pinto LF, Muñoz-Gómez JL, Veciana J, Vidal-Gancedo J. Tuning Spin-Spin Interactions in Radical Dendrimers. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1895-1902. [PMID: 29744989 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two generations of polyphosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrimers were synthesized and fully functionalized with TEMPO radicals via acrylamido or imino group linkers to evaluate the impact of the linker substitution on the radical-radical interactions. A drastic change in the way that the radicals interacted among them was observed by EPR and CV studies: while radicals in Gn -imino-TEMPO dendrimers presented a strong spin-spin interaction, in the Gn -acrylamido-TEMPO ones they acted mainly as independent radicals. This shows that these interactions could be tuned by the solely substitution of the radical linker, opening the perspective of controlling and modulating the extension of these interactions depending on each application. The chemical properties of the linker strongly influence the spin-spin exchange between pendant radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vega Lloveras
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), campus universitari de Bellaterra, E-, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flonja Liko
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), campus universitari de Bellaterra, E-, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Luiz F Pinto
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), campus universitari de Bellaterra, E-, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Muñoz-Gómez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), campus universitari de Bellaterra, E-, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), campus universitari de Bellaterra, E-, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Vidal-Gancedo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), campus universitari de Bellaterra, E-, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Joo Y, Agarkar V, Sung SH, Savoie BM, Boudouris BW. A nonconjugated radical polymer glass with high electrical conductivity. Science 2018; 359:1391-1395. [PMID: 29567710 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state conducting polymers usually have highly conjugated macromolecular backbones and require intentional doping in order to achieve high electrical conductivities. Conversely, single-component, charge-neutral macromolecules could be synthetically simpler and have improved processibility and ambient stability. We show that poly(4-glycidyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), a nonconjugated radical polymer with a subambient glass transition temperature, underwent rapid solid-state charge transfer reactions and had an electrical conductivity of up to 28 siemens per meter over channel lengths up to 0.6 micrometers. The charge transport through the radical polymer film was enabled with thermal annealing at 80°C, which allowed for the formation of a percolating network of open-shell sites in electronic communication with one another. The electrical conductivity was not enhanced by intentional doping, and thin films of this material showed high optical transparency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongho Joo
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Varad Agarkar
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Seung Hyun Sung
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Synthesis, Stability and Relaxivity of TEEPO-Met: An Organic Radical as a Potential Tumour Targeting Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051034. [PMID: 29702628 PMCID: PMC6102570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a widespread and life-threatening disease and its early-stage diagnosis is vital. One of the most effective, non-invasive tools in medical diagnostics is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the aid of contrast agents. Contrast agents that are currently in clinical use contain metals, causing some restrictions in their use. Also, these contrast agents are mainly non-specific without any tissue targeting capabilities. Subsequently, the interest has notably increased in the research of organic, metal-free contrast agents. This study presents a new, stable organic radical, TEEPO-Met, where a radical moiety 2,2,6,6-tetraethylpiperidinoxide (TEEPO) is attached to an amino acid, methionine (Met), as a potentially tumour-targeting moiety. We describe the synthesis, stability assessment with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and relaxation enhancement abilities by an in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and phantom MRI studies of TEEPO-Met. The new compound proved to be stable notably longer than the average imaging time in conditions mimicking a biological matrix. Also, it significantly reduced the relaxation times of water, making it a promising candidate as a novel tumour targeting contrast agent for MRI.
Collapse
|
93
|
Dobrynin SA, Glazachev YI, Gatilov YV, Chernyak EI, Salnikov GE, Kirilyuk IA. Synthesis of 3,4-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,5,5-tetraethylpyrrolidin-1-oxyl via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide to Activated Alkene. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5392-5397. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dobrynin
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri I. Glazachev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Gatilov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena I. Chernyak
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - George E. Salnikov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A. Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Nguyen HVT, Gallagher NM, Vohidov F, Jiang Y, Kawamoto K, Zhang H, Park JV, Huang Z, Ottaviani MF, Rajca A, Johnson JA. Scalable Synthesis of Multivalent Macromonomers for ROMP. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:472-476. [PMID: 30271675 PMCID: PMC6162068 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization of functional monomers provides direct access to functional polymers without need for postpolymerization modification; however, monomer synthesis can become a bottleneck of this approach. New methods that enable rapid installation of functionality into monomers for living polymerization are valuable. Here, we report the three-step convergent synthesis (two-step longest linear sequence) of a divalent exo-norbornene imide capable of efficient coupling with various nucleophiles and azides to produce diversely functionalized branched macromonomers optimized for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). In addition, we describe an efficient iterative procedure for the synthesis of tri-and tetra-valent branched macromonomers. We demonstrate the use of these branched macromonomers for the synthesis of Janus bottlebrush block copolymers as well as for the generation of bottlebrush polymers with up to three conjugated small molecules per repeat unit. This work significantly expands the scalability and diversity of nanostructured macromolecules accessible via ROMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nolan M. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ken Kawamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jiwon V. Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhihao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Ghosh S, Harvey P, Simon JC, Jasanoff A. Probing the brain with molecular fMRI. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:201-210. [PMID: 29649765 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges of modern neuroscience is to incorporate our growing knowledge of molecular and cellular-scale physiology into integrated, organismic-scale models of brain function in behavior and cognition. Molecular-level functional magnetic resonance imaging (molecular fMRI) is a new technology that can help bridge these scales by mapping defined microscopic phenomena over large, optically inaccessible regions of the living brain. In this review, we explain how MRI-detectable imaging probes can be used to sensitize noninvasive imaging to mechanistically significant components of neural processing. We discuss how a combination of innovative probe design, advanced imaging methods, and strategies for brain delivery can make molecular fMRI an increasingly successful approach for spatiotemporally resolved studies of diverse neural phenomena, perhaps eventually in people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souparno Ghosh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Rm. 16-561, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Peter Harvey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Rm. 16-561, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jacob C Simon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Rm. 16-561, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Rm. 16-561, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Rm. 16-561, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Rm. 16-561, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Pullicino R, Radon M, Biswas S, Bhojak M, Das K. A Review of the Current Evidence on Gadolinium Deposition in the Brain. Clin Neuroradiol 2018. [PMID: 29523896 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-018-0678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 3 years, gadolinium-based contrast agents have been linked to MRI signal changes in the brain, which have been found to be secondary to gadolinium deposition in the brain, particularly in the dentate nuclei and globus pallidus even in patients having an intact blood-brain barrier and a normal renal function. This tends to occur more in linear agents than with macrocyclic agents. Nonetheless, there has been no significant evidence that this has any clinical consequence. We reviewed the current evidence related to this new phenomenon and the precautionary approach taken by regulatory agencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pullicino
- Neuroradiology Department, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, L9 7LJ, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Mark Radon
- Neuroradiology Department, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, L9 7LJ, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shubhabrata Biswas
- Neuroradiology Department, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, L9 7LJ, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maneesh Bhojak
- Neuroradiology Department, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, L9 7LJ, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kumar Das
- Neuroradiology Department, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, L9 7LJ, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Huang S, Zhang H, Paletta JT, Rajca S, Rajca A. Reduction kinetics and electrochemistry of tetracarboxylate nitroxides. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:327-334. [PMID: 29402129 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1437268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tetracarboxylate pyrroline nitroxides undergo very fast reduction with ascorbate/glutathione (GSH), with second-order rate constants that are five orders of magnitude greater than those for gem-diethyl pyrroline nitroxides. For tetracarboxylate nitroxides, the electrochemical reduction potentials, measured by square wave voltammetry, are much less negative (by about 0.8 V), compared with the corresponding gem-diethyl nitroxides, while the oxidation potentials become more positive (by about 0.7 V). Electrochemical potentials correlate well via simple regressions with field/inductive parameters such as Swain/Lupton F-parameters (and/or Charton σI-parameters). Rates of reduction with ascorbate/GSH similarly correlate well for four pyrroline nitroxides, except for the slowest reducing gem-diethyl nitroxide. These results suggest that the electron withdrawing groups adjacent to the nitroxide moiety have a strong accelerating impact on the reduction rates, and thus they are not suitable for the design of hydrophilic nitroxides for in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengdian Huang
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Joseph T Paletta
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Suchada Rajca
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Jin X, Sun P, Tong G, Zhu X. Star polymer-based unimolecular micelles and their application in bio-imaging and diagnosis. Biomaterials 2018; 178:738-750. [PMID: 29429845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a novel kind of polymer with covalently linked core-shell structure, star polymers behave in nanostructure in aqueous medium at all concentration range, as unimolecular micelles at high dilution condition and multi-micelle aggregates in other situations. The unique morphologies endow star polymers with excellent stability and functions, making them a promising platform for bio-application. A variety of functions including imaging and therapeutics can be achieved through rational structure design of star polymers, and the existence of plentiful end-groups on shell offers the opportunity for further modification. In the last decades, star polymers have become an attracting platform on fabrication of novel nano-systems for bio-imaging and diagnosis. Focusing on the specific topology and physicochemical properties of star polymers, we have reviewed recent development of star polymer-based unimolecular micelles and their bio-application in imaging and diagnosis. The main content of this review summarizes the synthesis of integrated architecture of star polymers and their self-assembly behavior in aqueous medium, focusing especially on the recent advances on their bio-imaging application and diagnosis use. Finally, we conclude with remarks and give some outlooks for further exploration in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gangsheng Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Sun Z, Nomura K. One-pot synthesis of end-functionalised soluble star-shaped polymers by living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation using a molybdenum-alkylidene catalyst. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27703-27708. [PMID: 35542730 PMCID: PMC9084289 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise synthesis of soluble star-shaped polymers has been achieved by adopting living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) using a molybdenum-alkylidene catalyst with sequential addition of norbornene and cross-linking agent; the method provides efficient one-pot synthesis of high molecular weight end-functionalised star-shaped polymers (Mn = >1.37 × 105) with more arms (branching) with rather low PDI values (Mw/Mn = 1.17–1.37) under the optimised conditions. Precise synthesis of star-shaped polymers has been achieved by living ROMP using a molybdenum catalyst with sequential addition of norbornene and cross-linker.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Eing M, Olshausen B, Fairfull-Smith KE, Schepers U, Barner-Kowollik C, Blinco JP. Reporting pH-sensitive drug releaseviaunpaired spin fluorescence silencing. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We pioneer an approach for the visualization of a self-reporting pH-controlled molecular release of a fluorescent drug from a nitroxide polymer scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Eing
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000
- Australia
| | - Bettina Olshausen
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000
- Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- QLD 4000
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|