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Pemmada R, Zhu X, Dash M, Zhou Y, Ramakrishna S, Peng X, Thomas V, Jain S, Nanda HS. Science-Based Strategies of Antiviral Coatings with Viricidal Properties for the COVID-19 Like Pandemics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4041. [PMID: 32933043 PMCID: PMC7558532 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide, extraordinary outbreak of coronavirus pandemic (i.e., COVID-19) and other emerging viral expansions have drawn particular interest to the design and development of novel antiviral, and viricidal, agents, with a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity. The current indispensable challenge lies in the development of universal virus repudiation systems that are reusable, and capable of inactivating pathogens, thus reducing risk of infection and transmission. In this review, science-based methods, mechanisms, and procedures, which are implemented in obtaining resultant antiviral coated substrates, used in the destruction of the strains of the different viruses, are reviewed. The constituent antiviral members are classified into a few broad groups, such as polymeric materials, metal ions/metal oxides, and functional nanomaterials, based on the type of materials used at the virus contamination sites. The action mode against enveloped viruses was depicted to vindicate the antiviral mechanism. We also disclose hypothesized strategies for development of a universal and reusable virus deactivation system against the emerging COVID-19. In the surge of the current, alarming scenario of SARS-CoV-2 infections, there is a great necessity for developing highly-innovative antiviral agents to work against the viruses. We hypothesize that some of the antiviral coatings discussed here could exert an inhibitive effect on COVID-19, indicated by the results that the coatings succeeded in obtaining against other enveloped viruses. Consequently, the coatings need to be tested and authenticated, to fabricate a wide range of coated antiviral products such as masks, gowns, surgical drapes, textiles, high-touch surfaces, and other personal protective equipment, aimed at extrication from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Pemmada
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur 482005, MP, India;
| | - Xiaoxian Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.)
| | - Madhusmita Dash
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Arugul, Odisha 752050, India;
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.)
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Zhanjiang Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117587, Singapore
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (X.Z.); (X.P.)
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Zhanjiang Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur 482005, MP, India;
- General Administration and Technology Business Incubation Center, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur 482005, MP, India;
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur 482005, MP, India;
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Liang L, Ahamed A, Ge L, Fu X, Lisak G. Advances in Antiviral Material Development. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2105-2128. [PMID: 32881384 PMCID: PMC7461489 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rise in human pandemics demands prudent approaches in antiviral material development for disease prevention and treatment via effective protective equipment and therapeutic strategy. However, the current state of the antiviral materials research is predominantly aligned towards drug development and its related areas, catering to the field of pharmaceutical technology. This review distinguishes the research advances in terms of innovative materials exhibiting antiviral activities that take advantage of fast-developing nanotechnology and biopolymer technology. Essential concepts of antiviral principles and underlying mechanisms are illustrated, followed with detailed descriptions of novel antiviral materials including inorganic nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials and biopolymers. The biomedical applications of the antiviral materials are also elaborated based on the specific categorization. Challenges and future prospects are discussed to facilitate the research and development of protective solutions and curative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate ProgramNanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and EngineeringJohan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre Åbo Akademi UniversityFI-20500Turku/ÅboFinland
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
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53
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Zhong M, Yu Y, Song JQ, Jia TW, Liu AY, Zhao TF, He HJ, Yang MB, Zhang WX, Yang Y. Amide-sialoside protein conjugates as neomucin bioshields prevent influenza virus infection. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108088. [PMID: 32807356 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation of multivalent amide-sialoside-decorated human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as mimics of natural mucin and bioshields against influenza virus infection. Free sialic acid with an amine on C-2 was covalently attached to the protein scaffolds using di-(N-succinimidyl) adipate. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that the synthetic neomucins were able to act as bioshields and aggregate the influenza virion particles. The dissociation constants (KD) of the interactions between the prepared glycoconjugates and three different viral strains were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicating the multivalent presentation of sialyl ligands on the HSA and BSA backbones can dramatically enhance the adsorbent capability compared to the corresponding monomeric sialoside. Hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) assays showed that the glycoconjugates acted as moderate HA and NA inhibitors, thus impeding viral infection. Moreover, the different binding affinities of the glycoproteins to HA and NA proteins from different influenza viruses demonstrated the importance of HA/NA balance in viral replication and evolution. These findings provide a foundation for the development of antiviral drugs and viral adsorbent materials based on mimicking the structure of mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- Medical College of Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512026, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jia-Qi Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tian-Wei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ao-Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Teng-Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hao-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Mei-Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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54
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Ott IM, Strine MS, Watkins AE, Boot M, Kalinich CC, Harden CA, Vogels CB, Casanovas-Massana A, Moore AJ, Muenker MC, Nakahata M, Tokuyama M, Nelson A, Fournier J, Bermejo S, Campbell M, Datta R, Dela Cruz CS, Farhadian SF, Ko AI, Iwasaki A, Grubaugh ND, Wilen CB, Wyllie AL. Simply saliva: stability of SARS-CoV-2 detection negates the need for expensive collection devices. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.08.03.20165233. [PMID: 32793924 PMCID: PMC7418742 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.03.20165233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most currently approved strategies for the collection of saliva for COVID-19 diagnostics require specialized tubes containing buffers promoted for the stabilization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and virus inactivation. Yet many of these are expensive, in limited supply, and not necessarily validated specifically for viral RNA. While saliva is a promising sample type as it can be reliably self-collected for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2, the expense and availability of these collection tubes are prohibitive to mass testing efforts. Therefore, we investigated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and infectious virus detection from saliva without supplementation. We tested RNA stability over extended periods of time (2-25 days) and at temperatures representing at-home storage and elevated temperatures which might be experienced when cold chain transport may be unavailable. We found SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva from infected individuals is stable at 4°C, room temperature (~19°C), and 30°C for prolonged periods and found limited evidence for viral replication in saliva. This work demonstrates that expensive saliva collection options involving RNA stabilization and virus inactivation buffers are not always needed, permitting the use of cheaper collection options. Affordable testing methods are urgently needed to meet current testing demands and for continued surveillance in reopening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Ott
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Madison S. Strine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Anne E. Watkins
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Maikel Boot
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Chaney C. Kalinich
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Christina A. Harden
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chantal B.F. Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Arnau Casanovas-Massana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Adam J. Moore
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - M. Catherine Muenker
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Maura Nakahata
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Maria Tokuyama
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Allison Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John Fournier
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Santos Bermejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Melissa Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Rupak Datta
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Shelli F. Farhadian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nathan D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Anne L. Wyllie
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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55
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Sharma A, Raman V, Lee J, Forbes NS. Mucus blocks probiotics but increases penetration of motile pathogens and induces TNF-α and IL-8 secretion. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2540-2555. [PMID: 32396232 PMCID: PMC7806204 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal barrier in combination with innate immune system are the first line of defense against luminal bacteria at the intestinal mucosa. Dysfunction of the mucus layer and bacterial infiltration are linked to tissue inflammation and disease. To study host-bacterial interactions at the mucosal interface, we created an experimental model that contains luminal space, a mucus layer, an epithelial layer, and suspended immune cells. Reconstituted porcine small intestinal mucus formed an 880 ± 230 µm thick gel layer and had a porous structure. In the presence of mucus, sevenfold less probiotic and nonmotile VSL#3 bacteria transmigrated across the epithelial barrier compared to no mucus. The higher bacterial transmigration caused immune cell differentiation and increased the concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α; p < .01). Surprisingly, the mucus layer increased transmigration of pathogenic Salmonella and increased secretion of TNF-α and IL-8 (p < .05). Nonmotile, flagella knockout Salmonella had lower transmigration and caused lower IL-8 and TNF-α secretion (p < .05). These results demonstrate that motility enables pathogenic bacteria to cross the mucus and epithelial layers, which could lead to infection. Using an in vitro coculture platform to understand the interactions of bacteria with the intestinal mucosa has the potential to improve the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Vishnu Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Jungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Neil S. Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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56
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Biological Activity of Porcine Gastric Mucin on Stress Resistance and Immunomodulation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132981. [PMID: 32610600 PMCID: PMC7411864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purified porcine gastric mucin (PGM) is an alternative biomaterial to native mucin which displays multifunctional properties for exploring a wide range of biomedical applications. The present study evaluated the in vitro (RAW 264.7 macrophage cells) and in vivo (zebrafish embryos and larvae) bioactivities of PGM. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of PGM was 197.9 µg/mL for embryos, while it was non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells, even at 500 µg/mL. Following PGM exposure (100 µg/mL), a higher embryo hatching rate (59.9%) was observed at 48 h post fertilization, compared to the control (30.6%). Protective effects of PGM from pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila were demonstrated by high larvae survival rates of 85.0% and 94.0% at 50 and 100 μg/mL of PGM exposure, respectively. Heat tolerance effect of PGM (50 and 100 µg/mL) on larvae (40 °C for 48 h) was confirmed by 75% and 100% of survival rates, respectively. Additionally, PGM reduced the A. hydrophila–induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in larvae. The qRT-PCR results in PGM exposed larvae exhibited induction of immune-related genes (tlr5a and tlr5b, myd88, c-rel, il1β, tnf-α, il6, il10, cxcl18b, ccl34a.4, defbl1, hamp, ctsd, muc2.1, muc5.1, muc5.2, and muc5.3), stress response (hsp70, hsp90aa1.1, and hsp90ab1), and antioxidant genes (cat and sod1). Moreover, our results revealed that PGM involved in the regulation of transcriptional gene induction increases Hsp90 protein in the zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, upregulation of Il6, Il10, Tnfα, Ccl3, Defa-rs2, Defa21 and Camp and antioxidant genes (Sod2 and Cat) were observed in PGM-exposed RAW 264.7 cells. Overall findings confirmed the activation of immune responses, disease resistance against pathogenic bacteria, heat tolerance, and ROS-scavenging properties by PGM, which may provide insights into new applications for PGM as a multifunctional immunomodulator.
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57
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Hoffmann W. Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Diverse Molecular Functions in Mucus Barrier Protection and More: Changing the Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124535. [PMID: 32630599 PMCID: PMC7350206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3) are typically co-secreted together with mucins. Tff1 represents a gastric tumor suppressor gene in mice. TFFs are also synthesized in minute amounts in the immune and central nervous systems. In mucous epithelia, they support rapid repair by enhancing cell migration ("restitution") via their weak chemotactic and anti-apoptotic effects. For a long time, as a paradigm, this was considered as their major biological function. Within recent years, the formation of disulfide-linked heterodimers was documented for TFF1 and TFF3, e.g., with gastrokine-2 and IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). Furthermore, lectin activities were recognized as enabling binding to a lipopolysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori (TFF1, TFF3) or to a carbohydrate moiety of the mucin MUC6 (TFF2). Only recently, gastric TFF1 was demonstrated to occur predominantly in monomeric forms with an unusual free thiol group. Thus, a new picture emerged, pointing to diverse molecular functions for TFFs. Monomeric TFF1 might protect the gastric mucosa as a scavenger for extracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Whereas, the TFF2/MUC6 complex stabilizes the inner layer of the gastric mucus. In contrast, the TFF3-FCGBP heterodimer (and also TFF1-FCGBP) are likely part of the innate immune defense of mucous epithelia, preventing the infiltration of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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58
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Delaveris CS, Webster ER, Banik SM, Boxer SG, Bertozzi CR. Membrane-tethered mucin-like polypeptides sterically inhibit binding and slow fusion kinetics of influenza A virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12643-12650. [PMID: 32457151 PMCID: PMC7293601 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921962117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism(s) by which cell-tethered mucins modulate infection by influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain an open question. Mucins form both a protective barrier that can block virus binding and recruit IAVs to bind cells via the sialic acids of cell-tethered mucins. To elucidate the molecular role of mucins in flu pathogenesis, we constructed a synthetic glycocalyx to investigate membrane-tethered mucins in the context of IAV binding and fusion. We designed and synthesized lipid-tethered glycopolypeptide mimics of mucins and added them to lipid bilayers, allowing chemical control of length, glycosylation, and surface density of a model glycocalyx. We observed that the mucin mimics undergo a conformational change at high surface densities from a compact to an extended architecture. At high surface densities, asialo mucin mimics inhibited IAV binding to underlying glycolipid receptors, and this density correlated to the mucin mimic's conformational transition. Using a single virus fusion assay, we observed that while fusion of virions bound to vesicles coated with sialylated mucin mimics was possible, the kinetics of fusion was slowed in a mucin density-dependent manner. These data provide a molecular model for a protective mechanism by mucins in IAV infection, and therefore this synthetic glycocalyx provides a useful reductionist model for studying the complex interface of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven M Banik
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Steven G Boxer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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59
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Rickert CA, Lutz TM, Marczynski M, Lieleg O. Several Sterilization Strategies Maintain the Functionality of Mucin Glycoproteins. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000090. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Alexandra Rickert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of BioengineeringTechnical University of Munich Boltzmannstr. 11, Garching b. München 85748 Germany
| | - Theresa Monika Lutz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of BioengineeringTechnical University of Munich Boltzmannstr. 11, Garching b. München 85748 Germany
| | - Matthias Marczynski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of BioengineeringTechnical University of Munich Boltzmannstr. 11, Garching b. München 85748 Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of BioengineeringTechnical University of Munich Boltzmannstr. 11, Garching b. München 85748 Germany
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60
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Leprêtre M, Almunia C, Armengaud J, Le Guernic A, Salvador A, Geffard A, Palos-Ladeiro M. Identification of immune-related proteins of Dreissena polymorpha hemocytes and plasma involved in host-microbe interactions by differential proteomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6226. [PMID: 32277127 PMCID: PMC7148315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological responses of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha are investigated to assess the impact of contaminants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In addition to concentrate chemical contaminants in their tissues, zebra mussels accumulate several microorganisms such as viruses, protozoa and bacteria. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the defence against microorganisms this study aims at identifying immune proteins from D. polymorpha hemolymph involved in defence against protozoa and viruses. For this purpose, hemolymph were exposed ex vivo to Cryptosporidium parvum and RNA poly I:C. Differential proteomics on both hemocytes and plasma revealed immune proteins modulated under exposures. Different patterns of response were observed after C. parvum and RNA poly I:C exposures. The number of modulated proteins per hemolymphatic compartments suggest that C. parvum is managed in cells while RNA poly I:C is managed in plasma after 4 h exposure. BLAST annotation and GO terms enrichment analysis revealed further characteristics of immune mechanisms. Results showed that many proteins involved in the recognition and destruction of microorganisms were modulated in both exposure conditions, while proteins related to phagocytosis and apoptosis were exclusively modulated by C. parvum. This differential proteomic analysis highlights in zebra mussels modulated proteins involved in the response to microorganisms, which reflect a broad range of immune mechanisms such as recognition, internalization and destruction of microorganisms. This study paves the way for the identification of new markers of immune processes that can be used to assess the impact of both chemical and biological contaminations on the health status of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leprêtre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Almunia
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Antoine Le Guernic
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Mélissa Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France.
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61
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Charged glycan residues critically contribute to the adsorption and lubricity of mucins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 187:110614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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62
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Seifried BM, Qi W, Yang YJ, Mai DJ, Puryear WB, Runstadler JA, Chen G, Olsen BD. Glycoprotein Mimics with Tunable Functionalization through Global Amino Acid Substitution and Copper Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:554-566. [PMID: 32078297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins and their mimics are challenging to produce because of their large number of polysaccharide side chains that form a densely grafted protein-polysaccharide brush architecture. Herein a new approach to protein bioconjugate synthesis is demonstrated that can approach the functionalization densities of natural glycoproteins through oligosaccharide grafting. Global amino acid substitution is used to replace the methionine residues in a methionine-enriched elastin-like polypeptide with homopropargylglycine (HPG); the substitution was found to replace 93% of the 41 methionines in the protein sequence as well as broaden and increase the thermoresponsive transition. A series of saccharides were conjugated to the recombinant protein backbones through copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition to determine reactivity trends, with 83-100% glycosylation of HPGs. Only an acetyl-protected sialyllactose moiety showed a lower level of 42% HPG glycosylation that is attributed to steric hindrance. The recombinant glycoproteins reproduced the key biofunctional properties of their natural counterparts such as viral inhibition and lectin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Seifried
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wenjing Qi
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yun Jung Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Danielle J Mai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wendy B Puryear
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, United States
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, United States
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
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63
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Berkebile AR, Bartlett JA, Abou Alaiwa M, Varga SM, Power UF, McCray PB. Airway Surface Liquid Has Innate Antiviral Activity That Is Reduced in Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:104-111. [PMID: 31242392 PMCID: PMC6938132 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0304oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chronic bacterial infections and inflammation are associated with progressive lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), much less is known regarding the contributions of respiratory viral infections to this process. Clinical studies suggest that antiviral host defenses may be compromised in individuals with CF, and CF airway epithelia exhibit impaired antiviral responses in vitro. Here, we used the CF pig model to test the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of respiratory secretions is reduced in CF. We developed an in vitro assay to measure the innate antiviral activity present in airway surface liquid (ASL) from CF and non-CF pigs. We found that tracheal and nasal ASL from newborn non-CF pigs exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory activity against several enveloped and encapsidated viruses, including Sendai virus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A, and adenovirus. Importantly, we found that the anti-Sendai virus activity of nasal ASL from newborn CF pigs was significantly diminished relative to non-CF littermate controls. This diminution of extracellular antiviral defenses appears to be driven, at least in part, by the differences in pH between CF and non-CF ASL. These data highlight the novel antiviral properties of native airway secretions and suggest the possibility that defects in extracellular antiviral defenses contribute to CF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven M. Varga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Pathology, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Ultan F. Power
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Pediatrics
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64
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Fæste CK, Tartor H, Moen A, Kristoffersen AB, Dhanasiri AKS, Anonsen JH, Furmanek T, Grove S. Proteomic profiling of salmon skin mucus for the comparison of sampling methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1138:121965. [PMID: 31931330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal mucus protects fish against harmful environmental factors and the loss of physiological metabolites and water. It is an efficient barrier between the fish and the biosphere. The integrity of the skin mucus is thus of vital importance for the welfare and survival of the fish. Since excreted proteins and small molecules in the mucus can mirror the health status of the fish, it is a valuable matrix for monitoring stress, pathogen exposure, and nutritional effects. Several methods for sampling epidermal mucus from different fish species have previously been described, but information about their efficiency or the comparability of mucus analyses is lacking. In the present study, skin mucus from farmed Atlantic salmon was therefore sampled by three methods, including absorption or wiping with tissue paper, and scraping with a blunt blade, and the mucus proteome was analyzed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. The measured protein contents, numbers, compositions and the observed data quality were compared between sampling methods. Furthermore, functional annotation and classification of the identified proteins was performed. The results showed that the three skin mucus sample types differed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The absorbed mucus was the least tainted by proteins resulting from damage inflicted to the fish epidermis by the sampling procedure. Wiped mucus showed a better protein yield than absorbed and delivered a larger proteome of identifiable proteins, with less contamination from epithelial proteins than observed for scraped mucus. We recommend that future research of mucus should use the absorption method in cases, where it is important that the mucus is devoid of proteins from the underlying epithelium, and the wiping method, when protein yield is crucial or when the proteome of the outer epithelium is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Fæste
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
| | - H Tartor
- Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Moen
- Proteomics Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - A K S Dhanasiri
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - J H Anonsen
- Proteomics Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Furmanek
- Diseases and Pathogen Transmission, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen Norway
| | - S Grove
- Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway; Diseases and Pathogen Transmission, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen Norway
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65
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McGhee EO, Hart SM, Urueña JM, Sawyer WG. Hydration Control of Gel-Adhesion and Muco-Adhesion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15769-15775. [PMID: 31659909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protective mucin gel layers established by epithelial cell surfaces in biology have water contents above 90% and provide a low-shear stress nonadhesive interfacial boundary on epithelial surfaces throughout the body. Adhesion between gels and mucin layers, muco-adhesion, is an important aspect of drug delivery, biocompatibility, and the prevention of damage during insertion, use, and removal of medical devices in contact with moist epithelial surfaces. This manuscript develops a simple mathematical model to suggest that gel-adhesion and muco-adhesion are controlled by dehydration. For a fully swollen gel, the osmotic pressure is balanced by the elastic stress in the polymer gel, and differences in the elastic modulus are used to calculate dehydration stresses. A model based on Winkler contact mechanics gives a closed form expression for the force of adhesion that is dependent on the contact radius and gel thickness, inversely proportional to the mucin layer stiffness, and proportional to the square of the differences in elastic modulus. Submerged contact experiments conducted on Gemini gel interfaces of polyacrylamide aqueous gels showed increasing adhesion with increasing dehydration of the probe. Additionally, experiments conducted against mucinated epithelial cell monolayers found mucin transfer onto the most dehydrated gels and no transfer on swollen gels. The model and experiments reveal that high water content fully swollen gels are not intrinsically muco-adhesive, which is consistent with previous tribological experience showing increased lubricity with increasing water content and mesh size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O McGhee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida Gainesville , FL 32611 , United States
| | - Samuel M Hart
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida Gainesville , FL 32611 , United States
| | - Juan Manuel Urueña
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida Gainesville , FL 32611 , United States
| | - W Gregory Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida Gainesville , FL 32611 , United States
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida Gainesville , FL 32611 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Florida Gainesville , FL 32611 , United States
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66
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Kumar P, Theeyancheri L, Chaki S, Chakrabarti R. Transport of probe particles in a polymer network: effects of probe size, network rigidity and probe-polymer interaction. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8992-9002. [PMID: 31681926 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01822k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the effect of microscopic parameters on the dynamics of probe particles in different complex environments has wide implications. Examples include diffusion of proteins in biological hydrogels, porous media, polymer matrix, etc. Here, we use extensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamics of the probe particle in a polymer network on a diamond lattice, which provides substantial crowding to mimic the cellular environment. Our simulations show that the dynamics of the probe increasingly becomes restricted, non-Gaussian and subdiffusive on increasing the network rigidity, binding affinity and probe size. In addition, the velocity autocorrelation functions show negative dips owing to the viscoelasticity and caging due to the surrounding network. These observations go with the general experimental findings. Importantly, for a probe particle of size comparable to the mesh size, unrestricted motion engulfing large length scales has been observed. This happens with a more flexible polymer network, which is easily pushed by the bigger probe. On increasing the rigidity of the network, the bigger probe can not efficiently push the network and as a result the long tail disappears. Our study gives a general qualitative picture of the transport of probes in a gel-like medium, as encountered in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Ligesh Theeyancheri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Subhasish Chaki
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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67
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Marczynski M, Rickert CA, Semerdzhiev SA, van Dijk WR, Segers-Nolten IMJ, Claessens MMAE, Lieleg O. α-Synuclein Penetrates Mucin Hydrogels Despite Its Mucoadhesive Properties. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4332-4344. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Marczynski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Carolin A. Rickert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Slav A. Semerdzhiev
- Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter R. van Dijk
- Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | - Ine M. J. Segers-Nolten
- Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522NB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
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68
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Mucin glycans attenuate the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infection. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2146-2154. [PMID: 31611643 PMCID: PMC7157942 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A slimy, hydrated mucus gel lines all wet epithelia in the human body, including the eyes, lungs, and gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. Mucus forms the first line of defence while housing trillions of microorganisms that constitute the microbiota1. Rarely do these microorganisms cause infections in healthy mucus1, suggesting that mechanisms exist in the mucus layer that regulate virulence. Using the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a three-dimensional (3D) laboratory model of native mucus, we determined that exposure to mucus triggers downregulation of virulence genes that are involved in quorum sensing, siderophore biosynthesis and toxin secretion, and rapidly disintegrates biofilms-a hallmark of mucosal infections. This phenotypic switch is triggered by mucins, which are polymers that are densely grafted with O-linked glycans that form the 3D scaffold inside mucus. Here, we show that isolated mucins act at various scales, suppressing distinct virulence pathways, promoting a planktonic lifestyle, reducing cytotoxicity to human epithelia in vitro and attenuating infection in a porcine burn model. Other viscous polymer solutions lack the same effect, indicating that the regulatory function of mucin does not result from its polymeric structure alone. We identify that interactions with P. aeruginosa are mediated by mucin-associated glycans (mucin glycans). By isolating glycans from the mucin backbone, we assessed the collective activity of hundreds of complex structures in solution. Similar to their grafted counterparts, free mucin glycans potently regulate bacterial phenotypes even at relatively low concentrations. This regulatory function is likely dependent on glycan complexity, as monosaccharides do not attenuate virulence. Thus, mucin glycans are potent host signals that 'tame' microorganisms, rendering them less harmful to the host.
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Abstract
More than 80 different adenovirus (AdV) types infect humans through the respiratory, ocular, or gastrointestinal tracts. They cause acute clinical mani-festations or persist under humoral and cell-based immunity. Immuno-suppressed individuals are at risk of death from an AdV infection. Concepts about cell entry of AdV build on strong foundations from molecular and cellular biology-and increasingly physical virology. Here, we discuss how virions enter and deliver their genome into the nucleus of epithelial cells. This process breaks open the virion at distinct sites because the particle has nonisometric mechanical strength and reacts to specific host factors along the entry pathway. We further describe how macrophages and dendritic cells resist AdV infection yet enhance productive entry into polarized epithelial cells. A deep understanding of the viral mechanisms and cell biological and biophysical principles will continue to unravel how epithelial and antigen-presenting cells respond to AdVs and control inflammation and persistence in pathology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Justin W Flatt
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
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70
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Cherstvy AG, Thapa S, Wagner CE, Metzler R. Non-Gaussian, non-ergodic, and non-Fickian diffusion of tracers in mucin hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2526-2551. [PMID: 30734041 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Native mucus is polymer-based soft-matter material of paramount biological importance. How non-Gaussian and non-ergodic is the diffusive spreading of pathogens in mucus? We study the passive, thermally driven motion of micron-sized tracers in hydrogels of mucins, the main polymeric component of mucus. We report the results of the Bayesian analysis for ranking several diffusion models for a set of tracer trajectories [C. E. Wagner et al., Biomacromolecules, 2017, 18, 3654]. The models with "diffusing diffusivity", fractional and standard Brownian motion are used. The likelihood functions and evidences of each model are computed, ranking the significance of each model for individual traces. We find that viscoelastic anomalous diffusion is often most probable, followed by Brownian motion, while the model with a diffusing diffusion coefficient is only realised rarely. Our analysis also clarifies the distribution of time-averaged displacements, correlations of scaling exponents and diffusion coefficients, and the degree of non-Gaussianity of displacements at varying pH levels. Weak ergodicity breaking is also quantified. We conclude that-consistent with the original study-diffusion of tracers in the mucin gels is most non-Gaussian and non-ergodic at low pH that corresponds to the most heterogeneous networks. Using the Bayesian approach with the nested-sampling algorithm, together with the quantitative analysis of multiple statistical measures, we report new insights into possible physical mechanisms of diffusion in mucin gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Cherstvy
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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71
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Koppolu S, Wang L, Mathur A, Nigam JA, Dezzutti CS, Isaacs C, Meyn L, Bunge KE, Moncla BJ, Hillier SL, Rohan LC, Mahal LK. Vaginal Product Formulation Alters the Innate Antiviral Activity and Glycome of Cervicovaginal Fluids with Implications for Viral Susceptibility. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1613-1622. [PMID: 30183260 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated proteins (i.e., mucins, IgG) are important mediators of innate antiviral immunity in the vagina; however, our current knowledge of the role that glycan themselves play in genital immunity is relatively low. Herein, we evaluate the relationship between innate antiviral immunity and glycomic composition in cervicovaginal lavage fluid (CVL) collected as part of a Phase I clinical trial testing the impact of two distinct formulations of the antiretroviral drug dapivirine. Using lectin microarray technology, we discovered that formulation (hydrogel- versus film-based delivery) impacted the CVL glycome, with hydrogel formulations inducing more changes, including a loss of high-mannose. The loss of this epitope correlated to a loss of anti-HIV-1 activity. Glycoproteomic identification of high-mannose proteins revealed a cohort of antiproteases shown to be important in HIV-1 resistance, whose expression covaried with the high-mannose signature. Our data strongly suggests high-mannose as a marker for secreted proteins mediating innate antiviral immunity in vaginal fluids and that drug formulation may impact this activity as reflected in the glycome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeethraj Koppolu
- Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Linlin Wang
- Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ayushi Mathur
- Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jayeshwar A. Nigam
- Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Charlene S. Dezzutti
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, B511, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Charles Isaacs
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York, New York 10314, United States
| | - Leslie Meyn
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, B511, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Katherine E. Bunge
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, B511, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Bernard J. Moncla
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, B511, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sharon L. Hillier
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, B511, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Lisa C. Rohan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, B511, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Lara K. Mahal
- Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Mantaj J, Abu-Shams T, Enlo-Scott Z, Swedrowska M, Vllasaliu D. Role of the Basement Membrane as an Intestinal Barrier to Absorption of Macromolecules and Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5802-5808. [PMID: 30380896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Full understanding of the barrier property of mucosal tissues is imperative for development of successful mucosal drug delivery strategies, particularly for biologics and nanomedicines. The contribution of the mucosal basement membrane (BM) to this barrier is currently not fully appreciated. This work examined the role of the BM as a barrier to intestinal absorption of model macromolecules (5 and 10 kDa dextrans) and 100 nm polystyrene nanoparticles. Dextrans and nanoparticles were applied either directly to BM-coated inserts or to an intestinal model, namely, differentiated intestinal epithelial monolayers (Caco-2) cultured on BM-modified inserts. The work shows that the BM per se does not impact the diffusion of dextran macromolecules but severely hinders the movement of nanoparticles. However, importantly, Caco-2 monolayers cultured on BM-coated inserts, which show a remarkably different morphology, display a significantly larger barrier to the translocation of one dextran, as well as nanoparticle systems compared to cells cultured on unmodified inserts. Therefore, this work shows that, in addition to presenting a direct physical barrier to the movement of nanoparticles, the BM also exerts an indirect barrier effect, likely due to its influence on epithelial cell physiology. This work is important as it highlights the currently unmet need to consider and further study the barrier properties of the BM in mucosal delivery of biologics and nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mantaj
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Tamara Abu-Shams
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Zachary Enlo-Scott
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Magda Swedrowska
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
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73
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Mucins trigger dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:23. [PMID: 30323945 PMCID: PMC6180003 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus is a biological gel that lines all wet epithelia in the body, including the mouth, lungs, and digestive tract, and has evolved to protect the body from pathogenic infection. However, microbial pathogenesis is often studied in mucus-free environments that lack the geometric constraints and microbial interactions in physiological three-dimensional mucus gels. We developed fluid-flow and static test systems based on purified mucin polymers, the major gel-forming constituents of the mucus barrier, to understand how the mucus barrier influences bacterial virulence, particularly the integrity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, which can become resistant to immune clearance and antimicrobial agents. We found that mucins separate the cells in P. aeruginosa biofilms and disperse them into suspension. Other viscous polymer solutions did not match the biofilm disruption caused by mucins, suggesting that mucin-specific properties mediate the phenomenon. Cellular dispersion depended on functional flagella, indicating a role for swimming motility. Taken together, our observations support a model in which host mucins are key players in the regulation of microbial virulence. These mucins should be considered in studies of mucosal pathogenesis and during the development of novel strategies to treat biofilms. Biofilms are an important survival strategy for pathogenic bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and whilst mucins play a role the regulation of microbial virulence, microbial pathogenesis on mucosal tissues is often studied in mucin-free contexts. Here, Katharina Ribbeck and colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology used native purified mucin polymers and examined their effects on the integrity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The mucins dissolved the biofilms by separating the bacteria, which was not observed in other viscous alternative substances examined, but this did rely on functional bacterial motility. Here the authors provide evidence that mucins are involved in suppressing bacterial virulence and should be included in systems used to assess bacterial pathogenesis on mucosal tissues.
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Abstract
We review what is currently understood about how the structure of the primary solid component of mucus, the glycoprotein mucin, gives rise to the mechanical and biochemical properties of mucus that are required for it to perform its diverse physiological roles. Macroscale processes such as lubrication require mucus of a certain stiffness and spinnability, which are set by structural features of the mucin network, including the identity and density of cross-links and the degree of glycosylation. At the microscale, these same features affect the mechanical environment experienced by small particles and play a crucial role in establishing an interaction-based filter. Finally, mucin glycans are critical for regulating microbial interactions, serving as receptor binding sites for adhesion, as nutrient sources, and as environmental signals. We conclude by discussing how these structural principles can be used in the design of synthetic mucin-mimetic materials and provide suggestions for directions of future work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Wagner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K M Wheeler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
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75
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Hansing J, Netz RR. Hydrodynamic Effects on Particle Diffusion in Polymeric Hydrogels with Steric and Electrostatic Particle–Gel Interactions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Hansing
- Fachbereich für Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland R. Netz
- Fachbereich für Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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76
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Vllasaliu D, Thanou M, Stolnik S, Fowler R. Recent advances in oral delivery of biologics: nanomedicine and physical modes of delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:759-770. [PMID: 30033780 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1504017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research into oral delivery of biologics has a long and rich history but has not produced technologies used in the clinic. The area has evolved in terms of strategies to promote oral biologics delivery from early chemical absorption enhancers to nanomedicine to devices. Continued activity in this area is justifiable considering the remarkable proliferation of biologics. AREAS COVERED The article discusses some physiological barriers to oral delivery of biologics, with a special focus on less characterized barriers such as the basement membrane. Recent progress in oral delivery of biologics via nanomedicine is subsequently covered. Finally, the emerging field of device-mediated gastrointestinal delivery of biotherapeutics is discussed EXPERT OPINION Oral delivery of biologics is considered a 'panacea' in drug delivery. Almost century-old approaches of utilizing chemical absorption enhancers have not produced clinically translated technologies. Nanomedicine for oral biologics delivery has demonstrated potential, but the field is relatively new, and technologies have not progressed to the clinic. Device-mediated oral biologics delivery (e.g. ultrasound or microneedles) is in its infancy. However, this space is likely to intensify owing to advances in electronics and materials, as well as the challenges and history related to clinical translation of alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vllasaliu
- a School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Maya Thanou
- a School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Snjezana Stolnik
- b Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Boots Science Building , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Fowler
- c SuccinctChoice Medical Communications , London , United Kingdom
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77
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Lechanteur A, das Neves J, Sarmento B. The role of mucus in cell-based models used to screen mucosal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:50-63. [PMID: 28751201 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest in developing tools to predict drug absorption through mucosal surfaces is fostering the establishment of epithelial cell-based models. Cell-based in vitro techniques for drug permeability assessment are less laborious, cheaper and address the concerns of using laboratory animals. Simultaneously, in vitro barrier models that thoroughly simulate human epithelia or mucosae may provide useful data to speed up the entrance of new drugs and new drug products into the clinics. Nevertheless, standard cell-based in vitro models that intend to reproduce epithelial surfaces often discard the role of mucus in influencing drug permeation/absorption. Biomimetic models of mucosae in which mucus production has been considered may not be able to fully reproduce the amount and architecture of mucus, resulting in biased characterization of permeability/absorption. In these cases, artificial mucus may be used to supplement cell-based models but still proper identification and quantification are required. In this review, considerations regarding the relevance of mucus in the development of cell-based epithelial and mucosal models mimicking the gastro-intestinal tract, the cervico-vaginal tract and the respiratory tract, and the impact of mucus on the permeability mechanisms are addressed. From simple epithelial monolayers to more complex 3D structures, the impact of the presence of mucus for the extrapolation to the in vivo scenario is critically analyzed. Finally, an overview is provided on several techniques and methods to characterize the mucus layer over cell-based barriers, in order to intimately reproduce human mucosal layer and thereby, improve in vitro/in vivo correlation.
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78
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Lock JY, Carlson TL, Carrier RL. Mucus models to evaluate the diffusion of drugs and particles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:34-49. [PMID: 29117512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex hydrogel that acts as a natural barrier to drug delivery at different mucosal surfaces including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and vaginal tracts. To elucidate the role mucus plays in drug delivery, different in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo mucus models and techniques have been utilized. Drug and drug carrier diffusion can be studied using various techniques in either isolated mucus gels or mucus present on cell cultures and tissues. The species, age, and potential disease state of the animal from which mucus is derived can all impact mucus composition and structure, and therefore impact drug and drug carrier diffusion. This review provides an overview of the techniques used to characterize drug and drug carrier diffusion, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different models available to highlight the information they can afford.
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79
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Liu HP, Meng X, Yu Q, Tao YC, Xu F, He Y, Yu P, Yang Y. Synthesis of S-sialyl polymers as efficient polyvalent influenza inhibitors and capturers. J Carbohydr Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2017.1403613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Meng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qun Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun-Chang Tao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Xu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun He
- Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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80
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Petrou G, Crouzier T. Mucins as multifunctional building blocks of biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2282-2297. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00471d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucins glycoproteins are emerging as a multifunctional building block for biomaterials with diverse applications in chemistry and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Petrou
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- Department of Chemistry
- Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan
- Stockholm
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- Department of Chemistry
- Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan
- Stockholm
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81
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Fukui Y, Fukuda M, Fujimoto K. Generation of mucin gel particles with self-degradable and -releasable properties. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:781-788. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02663c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of nano-sized particles via assembly of mucins and incorporation of lysozymes made it possible to gradually degrade mucin particles upon enzymatic cleavage of mucin molecules, facilitating the release of incorporated substances including lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka Fukui
- The Center for Chemical Biology
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Kohoku-ku
| | - Megumi Fukuda
- The Center for Chemical Biology
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Kohoku-ku
| | - Keiji Fujimoto
- The Center for Chemical Biology
- School of Fundamental Science and Technology
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Kohoku-ku
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82
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Meng X, Yang M, Li Y, Li X, Jia T, He H, Yu Q, Guo N, He Y, Yu P, Yang Y. Multivalent neuraminidase hydrolysis resistant triazole-sialoside protein conjugates as influenza-adsorbents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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83
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Winkeljann B, Käsdorf BT, Boekhoven J, Lieleg O. Macromolecular Coating Enables Tunable Selectivity in a Porous PDMS Matrix. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Winkeljann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstraße 11 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Benjamin T. Käsdorf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstraße 11 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstraße 11 85748 Garching Germany
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84
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Yang Y, He HJ, Chang H, Yu Y, Yang MB, He Y, Fan ZC, Iyer SS, Yu P. Multivalent oleanolic acid human serum albumin conjugate as nonglycosylated neomucin for influenza virus capture and entry inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1723-1731. [PMID: 29146135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of multivalent oleanolic acid (OA) protein conjugates as nonglycosylated neomucin mimic for the capture and entry inhibition of influenza viruses. Oleanolic acid derivatives bearing an amine-terminated linker were synthesized by esterification of carboxylic acid and further grafted onto the human serum albumin (HSA) via diethyl squarate method. The binding of hemagglutinin (HA) on the virion surface to the synthetic neomucin was evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition assay. The influenza virus capture ability of the PEGylated OA-HSA conjugate was further investigated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), virus capture assay and Isothermal Titration Calorimeter (ITC) techniques. The pronounced agglutination of viral particles, the high capture efficiency and affinity constant indicate that this neoprotein is comparable to natural glycosylated mucin, suggesting that this material could potentially be used as anti-infective barriers to prevent virus from invading host cells. The study also rationalizes the feasibility of antiviral drug development based on OA or other antiviral small molecules conjugated protein strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hao-Jie He
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hao Chang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yao Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mei-Bing Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yun He
- Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Suri S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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85
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Mall AS, Habte H, Mthembu Y, Peacocke J, de Beer C. Mucus and Mucins: do they have a role in the inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus? Virol J 2017; 14:192. [PMID: 28985745 PMCID: PMC5639604 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucins are large O-linked glycosylated proteins which give mucus their gel-forming properties. There are indications that mucus and mucins in saliva, breast milk and in the cervical plug inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in an in vitro assay. Crude mucus gels form continuous layers on the epithelial surfaces of the major internal tracts of the body and protect these epithelial surfaces against aggressive luminal factors such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin proteolysis in the stomach lumen, the movement of hard faecal pellets in the colon at high pressure, the effects of shear against the vaginal epithelium during intercourse and the presence of foreign substances in the respiratory airways. Tumour-associated epitopes on mucins make them suitable as immune-targets on malignant epithelial cells, rendering mucins important as diagnostic and prognostic markers for various diseases, even influencing the design of mucin-based vaccines. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV-AIDS in the world. The main points of viral transmission are via the vaginal epithelium during sexual intercourse and mother-to-child transmission during breast-feeding. There have been many studies showing that several body fluids have components that prevent the transmission of HIV-1 from infected to non-infected persons through various forms of contact. Crude saliva and its purified mucins, MUC5B and MUC7, and the purified mucins from breast milk, MUC1 and MUC4 and pregnancy plug cervical mucus (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6), inhibit HIV-1 in an in vitro assay. There are conflicting reports of whether crude breast-milk inhibits HIV-1 in an in vitro assay. However studies with a humanised BLT mouse show that breast-milk does inhibit HIV and that breast-feeding is still advisable even amongst HIV-positive women in under-resourced areas, preferably in conjunction with anti-retroviral treatment. CONCLUSION These findings raise questions of how such a naturally occurring biological substance such as mucus, with remarkable protective properties of epithelial surfaces against aggressive luminal factors in delicate locations, could be used as a tool in the fight against HIV-AIDS, which has reached epidemic proportions in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Suleman Mall
- Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town and Immune Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer- Ingelheim, Danbury, USA
| | - Habtom Habte
- Discipline of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch & Tygerberg Hospital, Parow, South Africa
| | - Yolanda Mthembu
- Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town and Immune Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer- Ingelheim, Danbury, USA
| | - Julia Peacocke
- Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town and Immune Modulation and Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer- Ingelheim, Danbury, USA
| | - Corena de Beer
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory Cape, 7925 South Africa
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86
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Pitenis AA, Urueña JM, Hormel TT, Bhattacharjee T, Niemi SR, Marshall SL, Hart SM, Schulze KD, Angelini TE, Sawyer WG. Corneal cell friction: Survival, lubricity, tear films, and mucin production over extended duration in vitro studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotri.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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87
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Käsdorf BT, Weber F, Petrou G, Srivastava V, Crouzier T, Lieleg O. Mucin-Inspired Lubrication on Hydrophobic Surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Käsdorf
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Georgia Petrou
- Division
of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division
of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- Division
of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
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88
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Bolhuis H, Martín-Cuadrado AB, Rosselli R, Pašić L, Rodriguez-Valera F. Transcriptome analysis of Haloquadratum walsbyi: vanity is but the surface. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:510. [PMID: 28673248 PMCID: PMC5496347 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haloquadratum walsbyi dominates saturated thalassic lakes worldwide where they can constitute up to 80-90% of the total prokaryotic community. Despite the abundance of the enigmatic square-flattened cells, only 7 isolates are currently known with 2 genomes fully sequenced and annotated due to difficulties to grow them under laboratory conditions. We have performed a transcriptomic analysis of one of these isolates, the Spanish strain HBSQ001 in order to investigate gene transcription under light and dark conditions. Results Despite a potential advantage for light as additional source of energy, no significant differences were found between light and dark expressed genes. Constitutive high gene expression was observed in genes encoding surface glycoproteins, light mediated proton pumping by bacteriorhodopsin, several nutrient uptake systems, buoyancy and storage of excess carbon. Two low expressed regions of the genome were characterized by a lower codon adaptation index, low GC content and high incidence of hypothetical genes. Conclusions Under the extant cultivation conditions, the square hyperhalophile devoted most of its transcriptome towards processes maintaining cell integrity and exploiting solar energy. Surface glycoproteins are essential for maintaining the large surface to volume ratio that facilitates light and organic nutrient harvesting whereas constitutive expression of bacteriorhodopsin warrants an immediate source of energy when light becomes available. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3892-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Bolhuis
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NOIZ) and Utrecht University, Den Hoorn, the Netherlands.
| | - Ana Belén Martín-Cuadrado
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Riccardo Rosselli
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lejla Pašić
- Faculty of Medicine, University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Francisco Rodriguez-Valera
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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89
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Schoemig V, Isik E, Martin L, Berensmeier S. Solid liquid liquid extraction of porcine gastric mucins from homogenized animal material. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With solid liquid liquid extraction as a new capture step for the purification of porcine gastric mucins from crude homogenate, yield and productivity was optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Schoemig
- Bioseparation Engineering Group
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Eda Isik
- Bioseparation Engineering Group
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Lea Martin
- Bioseparation Engineering Group
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
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90
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Cohen M, Senaati HP, Fisher CJ, Huang ML, Gagneux P, Godula K. Synthetic Mucus Nanobarriers for Identification of Glycan-Dependent Primary Influenza A Infection Inhibitors. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:710-714. [PMID: 27800553 PMCID: PMC5084083 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Current drugs against the influenza A virus (IAV) act by inhibiting viral neuraminidase (NA) enzymes responsible for the release of budding virions from sialoglycans on infected cells. Here, we describe an approach focused on a search for inhibitors that reinforce the protective functions of mucosal barriers that trap viruses en route to the target cells. We have generated mimetics of sialo-glycoproteins that insert into the viral envelope to provide a well-defined mucus-like environment encapsulating the virus. By introducing this barrier, which the virus must breach using its NA enzymes to infect a host cell, into a screening platform, we have been able to identify compounds that provide significant protection against IAV infection. This approach may facilitate the discovery of potent new IAV prophylactics among compounds with NA activities too weak to emerge from traditional drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- (M.C.) E-mail:
| | - Hooman P. Senaati
- Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher J. Fisher
- Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mia L. Huang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Pascal Gagneux
- Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- (K.G.) E-mail:
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91
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Huang ML, Fisher CJ, Godula K. Glycomaterials for probing host-pathogen interactions and the immune response. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1042-53. [PMID: 27190259 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial engagement of host cells by pathogens is often mediated by glycan structures presented on the cell surface. Various components of the glycocalyx can be targeted by pathogens for adhesion to facilitate infection. Glycans also play integral roles in the modulation of the host immune response to infection. Therefore, understanding the parameters that define glycan interactions with both pathogens and the various components of the host immune system can aid in the development of strategies to prevent, interrupt, or manage infection. Glycomaterials provide a unique and powerful tool with which to interrogate the compositional and functional complexity of the glycocalyx. The objective of this review is to highlight some key contributions from this area of research in deciphering the mechanisms of pathogenesis and the associated host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia L Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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92
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Erickson AM, Henry BI, Murray JM, Klasse PJ, Angstmann CN. Predicting first traversal times for virions and nanoparticles in mucus with slowed diffusion. Biophys J 2016; 109:164-72. [PMID: 26153713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Particle-tracking experiments focusing on virions or nanoparticles in mucus have measured mean-square displacements and reported diffusion coefficients that are orders of magnitude smaller than the diffusion coefficients of such particles in water. Accurate description of this subdiffusion is important to properly estimate the likelihood of virions traversing the mucus boundary layer and infecting cells in the epithelium. However, there are several candidate models for diffusion that can fit experimental measurements of mean-square displacements. We show that these models yield very different estimates for the time taken for subdiffusive virions to traverse through a mucus layer. We explain why fits of subdiffusive mean-square displacements to standard diffusion models may be misleading. Relevant to human immunodeficiency virus infection, using computational methods for fractional subdiffusion, we show that subdiffusion in normal acidic mucus provides a more effective barrier against infection than previously thought. By contrast, the neutralization of the mucus by alkaline semen, after sexual intercourse, allows virions to cross the mucus layer and reach the epithelium in a short timeframe. The computed barrier protection from fractional subdiffusion is some orders of magnitude greater than that derived by fitting standard models of diffusion to subdiffusive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen M Erickson
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce I Henry
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John M Murray
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Per Johan Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
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93
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Tang S, Puryear WB, Seifried BM, Dong X, Runstadler JA, Ribbeck K, Olsen BD. Antiviral Agents from Multivalent Presentation of Sialyl Oligosaccharides on Brush Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:413-418. [PMID: 35614714 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired brush polymers containing α-2,6-linked sialic acids at the side chain termini were synthesized by protection-group-free, ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Polymers showed strain-selective antiviral activity through multivalent presentation of the sialosides. The multivalent effect was further controlled by independently varying the degree of polymerization, the number density of sialic acids, and the length of side chains in the brush polymers. Optimizing the three-dimensional sialoside spacing for better binding to hemagglutinin trimers was of critical importance to enhance the multivalent effect and the antiviral activity determined by hemagglutination inhibition assays and in vitro infection assays. By taking advantage of their structural similarities with native mucins, these brush polymers can be used as model systems to dissect the intricate design principles in natural mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Engineering, and §Division of Comparative
Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wendy B. Puryear
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Engineering, and §Division of Comparative
Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brian M. Seifried
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Engineering, and §Division of Comparative
Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xuehui Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Engineering, and §Division of Comparative
Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Engineering, and §Division of Comparative
Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Engineering, and §Division of Comparative
Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Biological Engineering, and §Division of Comparative
Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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94
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Biopolymeric Mucin and Synthetic Polymer Analogs: Their Structure, Function and Role in Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8030071. [PMID: 30979166 PMCID: PMC6432556 DOI: 10.3390/polym8030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin networks are viscoelastic fibrillar aggregates formed through the complex self-association of biopolymeric glycoprotein chains. The networks form a lubricious, hydrated protective shield along epithelial regions within the human body. The critical role played by mucin networks in impacting the transport properties of biofunctional molecules (e.g., biogenic molecules, probes, nanoparticles), and its effect on bioavailability are well described in the literature. An alternate perspective is provided in this paper, presenting mucin’s complex network structure, and its interdependent functional characteristics in human physiology. We highlight the recent advances that were achieved through the use of mucin in diverse areas of bioengineering applications (e.g., drug delivery, biomedical devices and tissue engineering). Mucin network formation is a highly complex process, driven by wide variety of molecular interactions, and the network possess structural and chemical variations, posing a great challenge to understand mucin’s bulk behavior. Through this review, the prospective potential of polymer based analogs to serve as mucin mimic is suggested. These analog systems, apart from functioning as an artificial model, reducing the current dependency on animal models, can aid in furthering our fundamental understanding of such complex structures.
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95
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Nakamura S, Horie M, Daidoji T, Honda T, Yasugi M, Kuno A, Komori T, Okuzaki D, Narimatsu H, Nakaya T, Tomonaga K. Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. J Virol 2016; 90:1788-801. [PMID: 26637460 PMCID: PMC4734006 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02246-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. Notably, analyses using short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics showed that GALNT3 knockdown significantly reduces IAV replication. Furthermore, IAV replication was markedly decreased in embryonic fibroblast cells obtained from galnt3-knockout mice. Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. However, the details of how mucin-type O-linked glycosylation is initiated by IAV infection and how mucin production affects viral replication have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. We also demonstrate that the expression of GALNT3 initiates mucin production and affects IAV replication in infected cells. This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. Our results have broad implications for understanding IAV replication and suggest a strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Nakamura
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Department of Tumor Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomo Daidoji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayo Yasugi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- DNA-Chip Development Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Department of Tumor Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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96
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Nowald C, Penk A, Chiu H, Bein T, Huster D, Lieleg O. A Selective Mucin/Methylcellulose Hybrid Gel with Tailored Mechanical Properties. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:567-79. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Nowald
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Medical Engineering IMETUM Technische Universität München 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Anja Penk
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics University of Leipzig 04107 Leipzig Germany
| | - Hsin‐Yi Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) University of Munich (LMU) 81377 München Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) University of Munich (LMU) 81377 München Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics University of Leipzig 04107 Leipzig Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Medical Engineering IMETUM Technische Universität München 85748 Garching Germany
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97
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Schömig VJ, Käsdorf BT, Scholz C, Bidmon K, Lieleg O, Berensmeier S. An optimized purification process for porcine gastric mucin with preservation of its native functional properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07424c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purification of porcine gastric mucin was optimized and key properties such as gel formation at acidic pH, lubrication behavior and interactions of mucins with charged molecules were preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika J. Schömig
- Bioseparation Engineering Group
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Benjamin T. Käsdorf
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Christoph Scholz
- Bioseparation Engineering Group
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Konstantinia Bidmon
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
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98
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Makkar S, Liyanage R, Kannan L, Packialakshmi B, Lay JO, Rath NC. Chicken Egg Shell Membrane Associated Proteins and Peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9888-9898. [PMID: 26485361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Egg shells are poultry industry byproducts with potential for use in various biological and agricultural applications. We have been interested in the membranes underlying the calcareous shell as a feed supplement, which showed potential to improve immunity and performance of post hatch poultry. Therefore, to determine their protein and peptide profiles, we extracted the egg shell membranes (ESM) from fresh unfertilized eggs with methanol and guanidine hydrochloride (GdHCl) to obtain soluble proteins for analysis by mass spectrometry. The methanol extract was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), electrospray ionization (ESI), high-performance reverse phase liquid chromatographic separation (HPLC), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to determine its peptide and protein profiles. The GdHCl extract was subjected to ESI-HPLC-MS/MS following trypsin digestion of reduced/alkylated proteins. Nine proteins from the methanol extract and >275 proteins from the GdHCl extract were tentatively identified. The results suggested the presence of several abundant proteins from egg whites, such as ovoalbumin, ovotransferrin, and lysozyme as well as many others associated with antimicrobial, biomechanical, cytoskeletal organizational, cell signaling, and enzyme activities. Collagens, keratin, agrin, and laminin were some of the structural proteins present in the ESM. The methanol-soluble fraction contained several clusterin peptides and defensins, particularly, two isoforms of gallin. The ratios of the two isoforms of gallin differed between the membranes obtained from brown and white eggs. The high abundance of several antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and other bioactive proteins in the ESM along with its potential to entrap various microbes and antigens may make it a suitable vehicle for oral immunization of post hatch poultry and improve their disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjeet Makkar
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Lakshmi Kannan
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Balamurugan Packialakshmi
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jack O Lay
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Narayan C Rath
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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99
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Gamazo C, Martín-Arbella N, Brotons A, Camacho AI, Irache JM. Mimicking microbial strategies for the design of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for oral immunization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 96:454-63. [PMID: 25615880 PMCID: PMC7126451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dealing with mucosal delivery systems means dealing with mucus. The name mucosa comes from mucus, a dense fluid enriched in glycoproteins, such as mucin, which main function is to protect the delicate mucosal epithelium. Mucus provides a barrier against physiological chemical and physical aggressors (i.e., host secreted digestive products such as bile acids and enzymes, food particles) but also against the potentially noxious microbiota and their products. Intestinal mucosa covers 400m(2) in the human host, and, as a consequence, is the major portal of entry of the majority of known pathogens. But, in turn, some microorganisms have evolved many different approaches to circumvent this barrier, a direct consequence of natural co-evolution. The understanding of these mechanisms (known as virulence factors) used to interact and/or disrupt mucosal barriers should instruct us to a rational design of nanoparticulate delivery systems intended for oral vaccination and immunotherapy. This review deals with this mimetic approach to obtain nanocarriers capable to reach the epithelial cells after oral delivery and, in parallel, induce strong and long-lasting immune and protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nekane Martín-Arbella
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Brotons
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana I Camacho
- Department of Microbiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J M Irache
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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100
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Duffy CV, David L, Crouzier T. Covalently-crosslinked mucin biopolymer hydrogels for sustained drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2015; 20:51-59. [PMID: 25818947 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sustained delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs from hydrogels has remained a challenge requiring the design and scalable production of complex multifunctional synthetic polymers. Here, we demonstrate that mucin glycoproteins, the gel-forming constituents of native mucus, are suitable for assembly into robust hydrogels capable of facilitating the sustained release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Covalently-crosslinked mucin hydrogels were generated via exposure of methacrylated mucin to ultraviolet light in the presence of a free radical photoinitiator. The hydrogels exhibited an elastic modulus similar to that of soft mammalian tissue and were sensitive to proteolytic degradation by pronase. Paclitaxel, a hydrophobic anti-cancer drug, and polymyxin B, a positively-charged hydrophilic antibacterial drug, were retained in the hydrogels and released linearly with time over seven days. After four weeks of drug release, the hydrogels continued to release sufficient amounts of active paclitaxel to reduce HeLa cell viability and sufficient amounts of active polymyxin B to prevent bacterial proliferation. Along with previously-established anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and hydrocarbon-solubilizing properties of mucin, the results of this study establish mucin as a readily-available, chemically-versatile, naturally-biocompatible alternative to complex multifunctional synthetic polymers as building blocks in the design of biomaterials for sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor V Duffy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 56-341C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laurent David
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223, 15 Boulevard Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 56-341C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223, 15 Boulevard Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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