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Pignatello JJ. Sorption Dynamics of Organic Compounds in Soils and Sediments. REACTIONS AND MOVEMENT OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN SOILS 2015. [DOI: 10.2136/sssaspecpub22.c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Pignatello
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station; New Haven Connecticut
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53
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He R, Su Y, Kong J. Characterization of trichloroethylene adsorption onto waste biocover soil in the presence of landfill gas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 295:185-192. [PMID: 25909498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Waste biocover soils (WBS) have been demonstrated to have great potential in mitigating trichloroethylene (TCE) emission from landfills, due to the relatively high TCE-degrading capacity. In this study, the characteristics of TCE adsorption on WBS in the presence of the major landfill gas components (i.e., CH4 and CO2) were investigated in soil microcosms. The adsorption isotherm of TCE onto WBS was fitted well with linear model within the TCE concentrations of 7000 ppmv. The adsorption capacity of TCE onto WBS was affected by temperature, soil moisture content and particle size, of which, temperature was the dominant factor. The adsorption capacity of TCE onto the experimental materials increased with the increasing organic matter content. A significantly positive correlation was observed between the adsorption capacity of TCE and the organic matter content of experimental materials that had relatively higher organic content (r = 0.988, P = 0.044). To better understand WBS application in practice, response surface methodology was developed to predict TCE adsorption capacity and emissions through WBS in different landfills in China. These results indicated that WBS had high adsorption capacity of TCE in LFG and temperature should be paid more attention to manipulate WBS to reduce TCE emissions from landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo He
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yao Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaoyan Kong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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54
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Bao Y, Niu J. Photochemical transformation of tetrabromobisphenol A under simulated sunlight irradiation: Kinetics, mechanism and influencing factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:550-556. [PMID: 25559172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study on photolysis of tetrabromobisphenol A (2,2',6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidendiphenol, TBBPA) in water was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation. The results showed that the photolysis of TBBPA followed apparent pseudo-first-order kinetics. The photolysis rate constants (k) changed from 2.80 × 10(-2) to 0.70 × 10(-2)min(-1) with the concentrations of TBBPA varying from 0.1 to 10 mg L(-1). Increasing humic acid (HA) concentration from 0-100 mg L(-1) led to the decrease of k from 2.53 × 10(-2) to 0.39 × 10(-2)min(-1), which was due to the competitive adsorption for photons between HA and TBBPA molecules. The photolysis rate was faster at near-neutral conditions (pH=6 and 7) than that in either acidic or basic conditions. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging experiments indicated that TBBPA underwent self-sensitized photooxidation via ROS (i.e., OH, (1)O2 and O2(-)), and the process was mainly controlled by O2(-). After irradiation of 180 min, about 35.0% reduction of TOC occurred accompanied with approximate 99.1% of TBBPA removed. The detection of products (i.e., Br(-), bisphenol A, 2,6-dibromophenol, 2-bromophenol and phenol) revealed that the main photolytic pathways of TBBPA were debromination and breakage of C-C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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55
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Nellier YM, Perga ME, Cottin N, Fanget P, Naffrechoux E. Particle-Dissolved Phase Partition of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in High Altitude Alpine Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9620-9628. [PMID: 26189929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) partitioning between the dissolved and particulate phases in two high altitude alpine lakes was determined by the quantity, size structure, or composition of suspended particles. Within- and between-lakes differences in water-particulate phase partition coefficient (Kp) were not related to total suspended matter, phytoplankton biomass, or taxonomic composition. Yet, a seasonal relationship between Kp and Kow was detected for both lakes, revealing equilibrium of PCBs partition when lakes were ice covered. On the contrary, PCBs partitioning between particles and water appeared kinetically limited during the open water season. Partition is therefore mainly governed by thermodynamic laws during the ice-covered period, while none of the tested physical or biological parameters seemed to explain the distribution of these particle-reactive contaminants in the open water period. PCBs were always mainly associated with particulate matter, but partitioning within different particulate size-fractions varied between seasons and between years during open water periods. When ice cover is absent, PCBs were mainly adsorbed on microplankton, the largest phytoplanktonic size fraction, which is the least likely to get grazed by pelagic microconsumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann-Michel Nellier
- †University Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME (Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment), 73000 Chambéry, France
- §University Savoie Mont-Blanc, UMR 42 CARRTEL, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Marie-Elodie Perga
- ‡INRA (French National Institute for Agronomical Research), UMR 42 CARRTEL (Alpine Research Centre for Lakes and Food webs), 74200 Thonon les Bains, France
- §University Savoie Mont-Blanc, UMR 42 CARRTEL, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Nathalie Cottin
- †University Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME (Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment), 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Philippe Fanget
- †University Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME (Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment), 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Emmanuel Naffrechoux
- †University Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME (Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Environment), 73000 Chambéry, France
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56
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Chiou CT, Cheng J, Hung WN, Chen B, Lin TF. Resolution of Adsorption and Partition Components of Organic Compounds on Black Carbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9116-9123. [PMID: 26114972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Black carbons (BCs) may sequester non-ionic organic compounds by adsorption and/or partition to varying extents. Up to now, no experimental method has been developed to accurately resolve the combined adsorption and partition capacity of a compound on a BC. In this study, a unique "adsorptive displacement method" is introduced to reliably resolve the adsorption and partition components for a solute-BC system. It estimates the solute adsorption on a BC by the use of an adsorptive displacer to displace the adsorbed target solute into the solution phase. The method is validated by tests with uses of activated carbon as the model carbonaceous adsorbent, soil organic matter as the model carbonaceous partition phase, o-xylene and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene as the reference solutes, and p-nitrophenol as the adsorptive displacer. Thereafter, the adsorption-partition resolution was completed for the two solutes on selected model BCs: four biochars and two National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard soots (SRM-2975 and SRM-1650b). The adsorption and partition components resolved for selected solutes with given BCs and their dependences upon solute properties enable one to cross-check the sorption data of other solutes on the same BCs. The resolved components also provide a theoretical basis for exploring the potential modes and extents of different solute uptakes by given BCs in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary T Chiou
- †Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70701, Taiwan
- ‡United States Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Jianzhong Cheng
- §State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Nung Hung
- ∥Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan
| | - Baoliang Chen
- ⊥Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsair-Fuh Lin
- †Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70701, Taiwan
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57
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β-cyclodextrin functionalized meso-/macroporous magnetic titanium dioxide adsorbent as extraction material combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the detection of chlorobenzenes in soil samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1401:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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58
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Liu Y, Bao Y, Cai Z, Zhang Z, Cao P, Li X, Zhou Q. The effect of aging on sequestration and bioaccessibility of oxytetracycline in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10425-10433. [PMID: 25721525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics introduced into soil environment may change the composition and functioning of soil microbial communities and promote the spreading of antibiotic resistance. Actual risks depend on the antibiotic's bioaccessibility and sequestration in soils, which may vary with contact time and soil properties. We elucidated changes in the horsebean plant's bioaccessible oxytetracycline with increasing contact time in three different soils (cinnamon, red, and brown soil) and observed discrepancy in oxytetracycline dissipation using sequential extractions with H2O-, 0.01 M CaCl2-, and Mcllvaine- in the same three soils. The results showed lower quantities of oxytetracycline with increasing contact time over 20 days than the level in freshly contaminated soils but hugely discrepant quantities among the three tested soils. In addition, aging largely reduced dissipation of H2O-, 0.01 M CaCl2-, and Mcllvaine- extracted oxytetracycline in soils before planting. However, bioturbation helped increase the H2O-, CaCl2-, and Mcllvaine- extracted oxytetracyline from cinnamon and brown soils with aging. Lastly, correlation analysis indicated that bioaccessibility of oxytetracycline significantly correlates with the total of H2O-, CaCl2-, and Mcllvaine- extracted oxytetracycline (0.676**, p < 0.01) in soils, especially the H2O- (0.789**, p < 0.01) and Mcllvaine- (0.686**, p < 0.01) extracted oxytetracycline with aging. Overall, this study provides some basic understanding of the aging effect on sequestration and bioaccessibility of veterinary antibiotics in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
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59
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Arshadi M, Faraji A, Amiri M, Mehravar M, Gil A. Removal of methyl orange on modified ostrich bone waste – A novel organic–inorganic biocomposite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 446:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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60
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Nellier YM, Perga ME, Cottin N, Fanget P, Malet E, Naffrechoux E. Mass budget in two high altitude lakes reveals their role as atmospheric PCB sinks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:203-213. [PMID: 25546458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A mass budget of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was constructed for two altitude lakes located in the French Alps to (i) quantify inward and outward PCB flux over the entire year of 2012, (ii) hierarchize the dominant pathways of PCB transfers, and (iii) evaluate to what extent these pathways vary between both lakes. The annual PCB inputs were similar, and the glacial runoff and sediment-to-water exchange were negligible sources of PCBs to the water column relative to atmospheric deposition. The annual inputs were primarily introduced by snow deposition and transferred into the lakes during the few weeks of spring thaw. While the dominant deposition pathways were similar, the main processes by which the water column lost pollutants differed between the two lakes. Despite these differences, the mass budget revealed that PCB inputs exceeded outputs for both studied lakes and that the lakes acted as atmospheric PCB sinks for the surrounding mountain environment. The differences in the PCB distribution between the key compartments (sediment and water column) are most likely due to differences in the lacustrine internal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann-Michel Nellier
- Univ. Savoie, LCME, F-73000 Chambery, France; INRA, CARRTEL, F-74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France
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61
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Ahmed AA, Thiele-Bruhn S, Aziz SG, Hilal RH, Elroby SA, Al-Youbi AO, Leinweber P, Kühn O. Interaction of polar and nonpolar organic pollutants with soil organic matter: sorption experiments and molecular dynamics simulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:276-287. [PMID: 25486638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fate of organic pollutants in the environment is influenced by several factors including the type and strength of their interactions with soil components especially SOM. However, a molecular level answer to the question "How organic pollutants interact with SOM?" is still lacking. In order to explore mechanisms of this interaction, we have developed a new SOM model and carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in parallel with sorption experiments. The new SOM model comprises free SOM functional groups (carboxylic acid and naphthalene) as well as SOM cavities (with two different sizes), simulating the soil voids, containing the same SOM functional groups. To examine the effect of the hydrophobicity on the interaction, the organic pollutants hexachlorobenzene (HCB, non-polar) and sulfanilamide (SAA, polar) were considered. The experimental and theoretical investigations explored four major points regarding sorption of SAA and HCB on soil, yielding the following results. 1--The interaction depends on the SOM chemical composition more than the SOM content. 2--The interaction causes a site-specific adsorption on the soil surfaces. 3--Sorption hysteresis occurs, which can be explained by inclusion of these pollutants inside soil voids. 4--The hydrophobic HCB is adsorbed on soil stronger than the hydrophilic SAA. Moreover, the theoretical results showed that HCB forms stable complexes with all SOM models in the aqueous solution, while most of SAA-SOM complexes are accompanied by dissociation into SAA and the free SOM models. The SOM-cavity modeling had a significant effect on binding of organic pollutants to SOM. Both HCB and SAA bind to the SOM models in the order of models with a small cavity>a large cavity>no cavity. Although HCB binds to all SOM models stronger than SAA, the latter is more affected by the presence of the cavity. Finally, HCB and SAA bind to the hydrophobic functional group (naphthalene) stronger than to the hydrophilic one (carboxylic acid) for all SOM models containing a cavity. For models without a cavity, SAA binds to carboxylic acid stronger than to naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashour A Ahmed
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; University of Cairo, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
| | | | - Saadullah G Aziz
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rifaat H Hilal
- University of Cairo, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 12613 Giza, Egypt; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaaban A Elroby
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Beni-Suef, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrahman O Al-Youbi
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Peter Leinweber
- University of Rostock, Soil Science, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Oliver Kühn
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
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62
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Chen HH, Thirumavalavan M, Lin FY, Lee JF. A facile approach for achieving an effective dual sorption ability of Si/SH/S grafted sodium montmorillonite. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, sodium montmorillonite was functionalized with SH, S and Si functional groups using four different soil modifiers for an effective uptake of both organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
- National Central University
- Taiwan
| | | | - Fang-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
- National Central University
- Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Fwu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
- National Central University
- Taiwan
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63
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Gao Y, Wang N, Li H, Hu X, Goikavi C. Low-molecular-weight organic acids influence the sorption of phenanthrene by different soil particle size fractions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:219-227. [PMID: 25602337 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.06.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the sorption of phenanthrene (a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) by different particle size fractions of a soil was investigated using a batch technique. Citric and malic acids were used in experiments. Four soil fractions were fractionated: fine sand, silt, coarse clay, and fine clay. Laser granulometry confirmed the suitability of the fractionation method used for the particle size distributions in this investigation. The sorption of phenanthrene by the different soil fractions was described well using a linear distribution-type model, and the distribution coefficients () followed a descending order of fine sand > fine clay > coarse clay > silt, irrespective of the addition of organic acids. This order was significantly positively correlated with the organic carbon content of test soil solids. The values for phenanthrene sorption by soil fractions initially increased but then decreased as the concentrations of citric and malic acids increased (0-1000 mmol L). The presence of citric and malic acid at lower concentrations (<100 mmol L) generally promoted the sorption of phenanthrene, while higher concentrations (>100 mmol L) inhibited sorption irrespective of the soil fraction. The mechanism of the LMWOA-influenced sorption of phenanthrene by test solids is discussed based on the observed sorption of organic acid, the dissolution of metal cations and minerals in soil, and the competition from dissolved organic matter in solution that were released from soil solids.
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64
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Boll ES, Johnsen AR, Christensen JH. Polar metabolites of polycyclic aromatic compounds from fungi are potential soil and groundwater contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:250-257. [PMID: 25025602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the sorption to soil of water-soluble metabolites from polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). The soil fungus Cunninghamella elegans was used to produce PAC metabolites from two un-substituted PACs (phenanthrene, pyrene), three alkyl-substituted PACs (2-methylnaphthalene, 1-methylphenanthrene, 1-methylpyrene), and one sulfur-containing heterocyclic PAC (dibenzothiophene). Fifty-eight metabolites were tentatively identified; metabolites from the un-substituted PACs were hydroxylated and sulfate conjugated, whereas metabolites from alkyl-substituted PACs were sulfate conjugated and either hydroxylated or oxidized to carboxylic acids at the methyl group. The metabolism of the sulfur-containing heterocyclic PAC resulted in sulfate conjugates. The sorption of the PAC metabolites to three soils was determined using a batch equilibrium method, and partition coefficients (Kd's) were calculated for fourteen representative metabolites. Sulfate conjugated metabolites displayed Kd's below 70 whereas the metabolites with both a sulfate and a carboxylic acid group had Kd's below 2.8. The low Kd's of water-soluble PAC metabolites indicate high mobility in soil and a potential for leaching to surface- and groundwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Boll
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Group, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Anders R Johnsen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Department of Geochemistry, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jan H Christensen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Group, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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65
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Armanpour S, Bing L. Adsorption of Herbicide Butachlor in Cultivated Soils of Golestan Province, Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/gep.2015.33002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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66
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Cao QM, Wang H, Qin JQ, Chen GZ, Zhang YB. Partitioning of PAHs in pore water from mangrove wetlands in Shantou, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:42-47. [PMID: 25450913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the trend of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) partitioning, fifteen pore water samples collected from the sediments of three mangrove wetlands were analyzed, and the partition coefficients and the partition model for the PAHs were determined by the correlation between K(oc) and octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)). The results revealed that the mean Kp values in inner mangrove wetlands were between 143 and 1031 L /Kg; the particulate organic carbon (POC) could strongly adsorb low-ring PAHs; the PAHs partitioning was on a obvious trend transported to particle phase. We suggest that the classic equilibrium model of organic carbon normalized (K(p)=K(oc)f(oc)) may be used to predict the trend of the selected PAHs partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi min Cao
- Hainan State Farms Academy of Sciences, 13 Haixiu Road, Haikou 570206, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Spice and Beverage Research, CATAS, Wanning, Hainan 571737, PR China.
| | - Jian qiao Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, PR China
| | - Gui zhu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yong bei Zhang
- Hainan State Farms Academy of Sciences, 13 Haixiu Road, Haikou 570206, PR China
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67
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Munusamy T, Ya-Ting J, Jiunn-Fwu L. Enhanced adsorption of inorganic and organic pollutants by amine modified sodium montmorillonite nanosheets. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine modified sodium montmorillonite nanosheets with increased basal space as versatile adsorbents for both organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jhuang Ya-Ting
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
- National Central University
- Chung-Li
- Taiwan
| | - Lee Jiunn-Fwu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering
- National Central University
- Chung-Li
- Taiwan
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68
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WANG DAOYUAN, MUKOME FUNGAIND, YAN DENGHUA, WANG HAO, SCOW KATEM, PARIKH SANJAIJ. Phenylurea herbicide sorption to biochars and agricultural soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:544-51. [PMID: 26065514 PMCID: PMC4838459 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1028830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is increasingly been used as a soil amendment to improve water-holding capacity, reduce nutrient leaching, increase soil pH, and also as a means to reduce contamination through sorption of heavy metals or organic pollutants. The sorption behavior of three phenylurea herbicides (monuron, diuron and linuron) on five biochars (Enhanced Biochar, Hog Waste, Turkey Litter, Walnut Shell and Wood Feedstock) and an agricultural soil (Yolo silt loam) was investigated using a batch equilibration method. Sorption isotherms of herbicides to biochars were well described by the Freundlich model (R(2) = 0.93-0.97). The adsorption KF values ranged from 6.94 to 1306.95 mg kg(-1) and indicated the sorption of herbicides in the biochars and Yolo soil was in the sequence of linuron > diuron > monuron and walnut shell biochar > wood feedstock biochar > turkey litter biochar > enhanced biochar > hog waste biochar > Yolo soil. These data show that sorption of herbicides to biochar can have both positive (reduced off-site transport) and negative (reduced herbicide efficacy) implications and specific biochar properties, such as H/C ratio and surface area, should be considered together with soil type, agriculture chemical and climate condition in biochar application to agricultural soil to optimize the system for both agricultural and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- DAOYUAN WANG
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, 95616, USA
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999, North Renmin Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
- Address correspondence to Daoyuan Wang, Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, 95616, United States of America; Phone: 001-5305749610; Fax: 001-5307521552;
| | - FUNGAI N. D. MUKOME
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, 95616, USA
| | - DENGHUA YAN
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A--1 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100038, China
| | - HAO WANG
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A--1 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100038, China
| | - KATE M. SCOW
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, 95616, USA
| | - SANJAI J. PARIKH
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, 95616, USA
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69
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Zhang J, Pan M, Gan N, Cao Y, Wu D. Employment of a novel magnetically multifunctional purifying material for determination of toxic highly chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls at trace levels in soil samples. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1364:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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70
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Liao X, Zhao D, Yan X, Huling SG. Identification of persulfate oxidation products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon during remediation of contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 276:26-34. [PMID: 24862467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The extent of PAH transformation, the formation and transformation of reaction byproducts during persulfate oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coking plant soil was investigated. Pre-oxidation analyses indicated that oxygen-containing PAHs (oxy-PAHs) existed in the soil. Oxy-PAHs including 1H-phenalen-1-one, 9H-fluoren-9-one, and 1,8-naphthalic anhydride were also produced during persulfate oxidation of PAHs. Concentration of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride at 4h in thermally activated (50°C) persulfate oxidation (TAPO) treatment increased 12.7 times relative to the oxidant-free control. Additionally, the oxy-PAHs originally present and those generated during oxidation can be oxidized by unactivated or thermally activated persulfate oxidation. For example, 9H-fluoren-9-one concentration decreased 99% at 4h in TAPO treatment relative to the control. Thermally activated persulfate resulted in greater oxy-PAHs removal than unactivated persulfate. Overall, both unactivated and thermally activated persulfate oxidation of PAH-contaminated soil reduced PAH mass, and oxidized most of the reaction byproducts. Consequently, this treatment process could limit environmental risk related to the parent compound and associated reaction byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Liao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Dan Zhao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiulan Yan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Scott G Huling
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division, Ada, OK, United States
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71
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Zhang YL, Lin SS, Dai CM, Shi L, Zhou XF. Sorption-desorption and transport of trimethoprim and sulfonamide antibiotics in agricultural soil: effect of soil type, dissolved organic matter, and pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:5827-35. [PMID: 24443047 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Use of animal manure is a main source of veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs) in soil and groundwater through a series of migration processes. The sorption-desorption and transport of four commonly used VPs including trimethoprim (TMP), sulfapyridine, sulfameter, and sulfadimethoxine were investigated in three soil layers taken from an agricultural field in Chongming Island China and two types of aqueous solution (0.01 M CaCl2 solution and wastewater treatment plant effluent). Results from sorption-desorption experiments showed that the sorption behavior of selected VPs conformed to the Freundlich isotherm equation. TMP exhibited higher distribution coefficients (K d = 6.73-9.21) than other sulfonamides (K d = 0.03-0.47), indicating a much stronger adsorption capacity of TMP. The percentage of desorption for TMP in a range of 8-12 % is not so high to be considered significant. Low pH (<pK a of tested VPs) and rich soil organic matter (e.g., 0-20 cm soil sample) had a positive impact on sorption of VPs. Slightly lower distribution coefficients were obtained for VPs in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, which suggested that dissolved organic matter might affect their sorption behavior. Column studies indicated that the transport of VPs in the soil column was mainly influenced by sorption capacity. The weakly adsorbed sulfonamides had a high recovery rate (63.6-98.0 %) in the leachate, while the recovery rate of TMP was only 4.2-10.4 %. The sulfonamides and TMP exhibited stronger retaining capacity in 20-80 cm and 0-20 cm soil samples, respectively. The transport of VPs was slightly higher in the columns leached by WWTP effluent than by CaCl2 solution (0.01 M) due to their sorption interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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72
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Peng H, Li H, Wang C, Zhang D, Pan B, Xing B. Sorption and solubility of ofloxacin and norfloxacin in water-methanol cosolvent. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:322-328. [PMID: 24388445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of the properties and behavior of antibiotics is important for their risk assessment and pollution control. Theoretical calculation was incorporated in our experimental study to investigate the sorption of ofloxacin (OFL) and norfloxacin (NOR) on carbon nanotubes and their solubilities in water, methanol, and their mixture. Sorption for OFL and NOR decreased as methanol volume fractions (fc) increased. But the log-linear cosolvency model could not be applied as a general model to describe the cosolvent effect on OFL and NOR sorption. We computed the bond lengths of possible hydrogen bonds between solute and solvent and the corresponding interaction energies using Density Functional Theory. The decreased OFL solubility with increased fc could be attributed to the generally stronger hydrogen bond between OFL and H2O than that between OFL and CH3OH. Solubility of NOR varied nonmonotonically with increasing fc, which may be understood from the stronger hydrogen bond of NOR-CH3OH than NOR-H2O at two important sites (-O18 and -O21). The interaction energies were also calculated for the solute surrounded by solvent molecules at all the possible hydrogen bond sites, but it did not match the solubility variations with fc for both chemicals. The difference between the simulated and real systems was discussed. Similar sorption but different solubility of NOR and OFL from water-methanol cosolvent suggested that sorbate-solvent interaction seems not control their sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Peng
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hao Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chi Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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73
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Ahmed AA, Kühn O, Aziz SG, Hilal RH, Leinweber P. How soil organic matter composition controls hexachlorobenzene-soil-interactions: adsorption isotherms and quantum chemical modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:98-106. [PMID: 24463030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous persistent organic pollutants (POPs) interact in soil with the soil organic matter (SOM) but this interaction is insufficiently understood at the molecular level. We investigated the adsorption of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on soil samples with systematically modified SOM. These samples included the original soil, the soil modified by adding a hot water extract (HWE) fraction (soil+3 HWE and soil+6 HWE), and the pyrolyzed soil. The SOM contents increased in the order pyrolyzed soil<original soil<soil+3 HWE<soil+6 HWE. For the latter three samples this order was also valid for the HCB adsorption. The pyrolyzed soil adsorbed more HCB than the other samples at low initial concentrations, but at higher concentrations the HCB adsorption became weaker than in the samples with HWE addition. This adsorption combined with the differences in the chemical composition between the soil samples suggested that alkylated aromatic, phenol, and lignin monomer compounds contributed most to the HCB adsorption. To obtain a molecular level understanding, a test set has been developed on the basis of elemental analysis which comprises 32 representative soil constituents. The calculated binding energy for HCB with each representative system shows that HCB binds to SOM stronger than to soil minerals. For SOM, HCB binds to alkylated aromatic, phenols, lignin monomers, and hydrophobic aliphatic compounds stronger than to polar aliphatic compounds confirming the above adsorption isotherms. Moreover, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of the binding energy with independent physical properties of the test set systems for the first time indicated that the polarizability, the partial charge on the carbon atoms, and the molar volume are the most important properties controlling HCB-SOM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashour A Ahmed
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; University of Cairo, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 12613 Giza, Egypt; University of Rostock, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Department of Life, Light and Matter, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Oliver Kühn
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; University of Rostock, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Department of Life, Light and Matter, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Saadullah G Aziz
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rifaat H Hilal
- University of Cairo, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 12613 Giza, Egypt; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Peter Leinweber
- University of Rostock, Soil Science, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; University of Rostock, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Department of Life, Light and Matter, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
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74
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Duan X, Li Y, Li X, Zhang D, Li M. Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of the Yellow Sea: distribution, source identification and flux estimation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 76:283-290. [PMID: 24075617 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although there is no direct major riverine input, a large quantity of waste produced in mainland China and Korea is transported continuously to the Yellow Sea (YS) through atmospheric deposition, currents and tides; therefore, the environment is distinctly influenced by man-made pollution. This study focuses on the associated pollutant transport mechanisms and fluxes by sampling polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs (Σ24PCB) in YS sediments ranged between 99 pg/g and 3.13 ng/g of dry sediment (with a mean value of 715 pg/g). PCBs produced unintentionally by industrial and other processes appeared to be the major source of PCBs in the sediments, accounting for 60.5%. Industrially synthesized PCBs with 3Cl and 5Cl accounted for 15.5% and 24.0%, respectively. PCBs were mainly from atmospheric deposition (84.5%), followed by continental runoff (15.5%). The average atmospheric deposition flux of technical PCBs was 789 ng/(m(2)a) and flux of surface runoff was 2.27 ng/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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75
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Zhang J, Séquaris JM, Klumpp E. Effects of natural organic matter on the microporous sorption sites of black carbon in a Yangtze River sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6992-6998. [PMID: 23589276 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC), characterized by high microporosity and high specific surface area (SSA), has been demonstrated to have substantial contributions to the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals in soils and sediments. Other naturally occurring organic matters provide soft and penetrable sorption domains while may cling to BC and affect its original surface properties. In this work, we studied the sorption sites of a Yangtze River sediment sample with organic carbon (OC) content of 3.3 % and the preheated sediment (combusted at 375 °C) with reduced OC content (defined as BC) of 0.4 % by gas and pyrene sorption. The SSA and microporosity of the pristine and preheated sediments were characterized by N2 and CO2 adsorption. The results suggest that the adsorption of N2 was hindered by amorphous organic carbon (AOC) in the pristine sediment but CO2 was not. Instead, the uptake of CO2 was higher in the presence of AOC, likely due to the partition of CO2 molecules into the organic matter. The pyrene adsorptions to BC in pristine and preheated sediments show a similar adsorption capacity at high concentration, suggesting that AOC of ca. 2.9 % in the pristine sediment does not reduce the accessibility to the sorption sites on BC for pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China,
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76
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Qiu Y, Wu M, Jiang J, Li L, Sheng GD. Enhanced irreversible sorption of carbaryl to soils amended with crop-residue-derived biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:69-74. [PMID: 23711410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The irreversible sorption-desorption of carbaryl in five soil types with crop-residue-derived biochar (CBC) amendment was determined. CBC has lower surface area and micropores volume than wood-based biochar and charcoal. However, CBC amendment (0.5%) still significantly enhanced the hysteresis effect on soils, with a 1.7- to 2.8-fold increase in the hysteresis index (HI) values. The HI values increased exponentially with the increased amount of CBC but decreased exponentially with the increased amount of soil organic matter (SOM%). Furthermore, the irreversible carbaryl sorption (qirr) and the irreversibility index (Iirr) values were proportional to the amount of CBC (0-1.0%) in soils. Likewise, the SOM-rich soil (S3) was washed ten times to reduce its SOM% to evaluate the influence of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the soils on the irreversible sorption. The Iirr values of the unamended S3 increased as the number of sorption-desorption cycles increased, whereas those of the 1.0% CBC-amended S3 decreased. In addition, the Iirr values of the unwashed S3 were lower than those of the washed S3. By contrast, the Iirr values of the 1.0% CBC-amended S3 soil were higher in the unwashed samples than in the washed samples. These results suggested that DOM had opposite effects on the irreversible carbaryl sorption by unamended and CBC-amended soils. The DOM release may expose more irreversible adsorption sites in the soils and may cover the surface of the CBC to form a desorption-resistant fraction in its mesopore or macropore regions, thereby preventing the desorption of adsorbed carbaryl molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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77
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Hung WN, Lin TF, Chiou CT. Solution Models for Binary Components of Significantly Different Molecular Sizes. J SOLUTION CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-013-0041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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78
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Chao HP, Lee CK, Juang LC, Han YL. Sorption of Organic Compounds, Oxyanions, and Heavy Metal Ions on Surfactant Modified Titanate Nanotubes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4010699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ping Chao
- Department of Bioenvironmental
Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Kung Lee
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Vanung University, Chung-Li
32061, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lain-Chuen Juang
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Vanung University, Chung-Li
32061, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yin-Lung Han
- Green Energy and Environment Research
Laboratories, Natural Resources Technology Division, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu,
31040, Taiwan, Republic of China
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79
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Sun X, Huang W, Ma Z, Lu Y, Shen X. A novel approach for removing 2-naphthol from wastewater using immobilized organo-bentonite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 252-253:192-197. [PMID: 23523910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The major concern limiting the industrial application of organo-bentonite in powder form (P-Bent) for wastewater treatment is that it is difficult to separate it from treated water by settlement. To address this problem, a novel approach for synthesizing immobilized organo-bentonite in globular form (G-Bent) is proposed. The G-Bent is modified using the cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and immobilized by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The removal of 2-naphthol by G-Bent was compared with removal by P-Bent for solid/liquid separation, removal efficiency and desorption of the modifier used in its preparation. Results indicated that G-Bent was easy to recover from treated wastewater, and was effective and reusable in removing 2-naphthol. The percentage of 2-naphthol removed by G-Bent exceeded 90% with the cationic exchange capacity (CEC) loadings ranging from 100% to 150%. This was almost equivalent to the results obtained using P-Bent. In the five rounds of reuse examined, the percentage of 2-naphthol removed was maintained above 50% for 150%-G-Bent. The percentage of CPC desorption was less than 0.75% after five rounds of reuse and no PVA was detected. The results of this work provide novel information for using G-Bent in the treatment of wastewater containing organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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80
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Sandy AL, Guo J, Miskewitz RJ, McGillis WR, Rodenburg LA. Mass transfer coefficients for volatilization of polychlorinated biphenyls from the Hudson River, New York measured using micrometeorological approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1637-1643. [PMID: 23040647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Air-water exchange is an important process controlling the fate of many organic chemicals in the environment. Modeling this process is hampered by the lack of direct observations. Thus, the purpose of this work was to derive direct measurements of the mass transfer coefficients for air-water exchange (v(aw)) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that may be used to check the validity of values derived from tracer gas experiments. v(aw) values for PCBs were determined using previously published turbulent fluxes divided by the corresponding dissolved phase concentrations. The median v(aw) values for each homolog decreased with increasing molecular weight and ranged from 0.29 for hexachlorobiphenyls to 2.2 m d(-1) for monochlorobiphenyls with a propagated uncertainty of about 70%, lower than in previous studies. Due to relatively low wind speeds and possible sorption of PCBs to colloids, these numbers may be biased low. These field measurements of v(aw) differ by as much as a factor of 23 from predictions based on the widely-used Whitman two-film model. Therefore a new formulation for the calculation of v(aw) based on field measurements is needed. This study demonstrates that micrometeorological approaches are a viable option for the measurement of v(aw) for hydrophobic organics such as PCBs and should be used to generate enough field data on the air-water exchange of hydrophobic organics to allow the development of new predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy L Sandy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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81
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Wang P, Zhou J, Zhang J, Wu J, Xu J. Soil-water interfacial adsorption of phenanthrene along a Chinese climatic gradient of soils with and without the addition of black carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 444:543-551. [PMID: 23298759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sorption isotherms for a hydrophobic solute probe, phenanthrene, were determined in 16 Chinese soils. They were sampled along a climatic gradient, and amended, or not, with charcoal (0.2%, 0.5%, and 1%), a form of black carbon (BC). Within the concentration range of added phenanthrene (0.2-0.8 mg l(-1)), most of the adsorption isotherms of the unamended soils were non-linear. Both the Freundlich equation and the Dual Reactive Domain Model (DRDM) model closely fitted the data, indicating that phenanthrene sorption in these soils was site-specific and demonstrated capacity-limited adsorption in a condensed organic domain. Correlations between the Freundlich model capacity factor (K(F)) and soil physico-chemical properties showed that the total soil organic C (TOC) concentrations, cation exchange capacities and silt had a cumulative effect on phenanthrene sorption, indicating that organic and inorganic components interacted in this process. The soils studied also indicated that humic acid carbon (HAC) concentration may be a further relevant factor that should be considered. The soils covered a wide range of physical and chemical properties, in particular organic C and the organic carbon-normalized distribution coefficients (K(OC)) demonstrated a large range of variation. Therefore, K(OC) values may be poor predictive parameters for phenanthrene sorption by soils. Addition of BC not only enhanced the sorption of phenanthrene but also altered the sorptive characteristics of the soils studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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82
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Lee YG, Park JH. Effect of soil organic carbon on sorption and desorption of perchloroethylene in soils. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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83
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Chao HP, Lee CK, Juang LC, Hsieh TY. Sorption of organic compounds with different water solubility on octadecyltrichlorosilane-modified titanate nanotubes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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84
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85
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Bradshaw C, Tjensvoll I, Sköld M, Allan IJ, Molvaer J, Magnusson J, Naes K, Nilsson HC. Bottom trawling resuspends sediment and releases bioavailable contaminants in a polluted fjord. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 170:232-241. [PMID: 22842052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are sinks for contaminants in the world's oceans. At the same time, commercial bottom trawling is estimated to affect around 15 million km(2) of the world's seafloor every year. However, few studies have investigated whether this disturbance remobilises sediment-associated contaminants and, if so, whether these are bioavailable to aquatic organisms. This field study in a trawled contaminated Norwegian fjord showed that a single 1.8 km long trawl pass created a 3-5 million m(3) sediment plume containing around 9 t contaminated sediment; ie. 200 g dw m(-2) trawled, equivalent to c. 10% of the annual gross sedimentation rate. Substantial amounts of PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs were released from the sediments, likely causing a semi-permanent contaminated sediment suspension in the bottom waters. PCDD/Fs from the sediments were also taken up by mussels which, during one month, accumulated them to levels above the EU maximum advised concentration for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bradshaw
- Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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86
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Kasozi GN, Nkedi-Kizza P, Li Y, Zimmerman AR. Sorption of atrazine and ametryn by carbonatic and non-carbonatic soils of varied origin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 169:12-19. [PMID: 22659728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of two s-triazines, atrazine and ametryn, by carbonatic soils, Histosols, Spodosols and Oxisols was examined. Linear isotherms were observed and sorption coefficients (K(d)) of both compounds were significantly lower (α = 0.05) onto carbonatic soils compared to non-carbonatic soils. Furthermore, among carbonatic soil types, the marl-carbonatic soils had the lowest sorption affinities. K(d) and organic carbon content were highly correlated, suggesting predominant influence of organic carbon in the sorption of the s-triazine, except in Oxisols and Spodosols where variations suggest other factors. Upon removal of organic matter (OM) using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide, the K(d) values were reduced by ~90%, indicating minimal contribution of mineral surfaces. Thus OM compositional differences likely explain the large variation in s-triazine sorption within and between soil orders. This study highlights the need to consider OM composition in addition to quantity when determining pesticide applications rates, particularly for carbonatic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Kasozi
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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87
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Hanna K, Lassabatere L, Bechet B. Transport of two naphthoic acids and salicylic acid in soil: experimental study and empirical modeling. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:4457-4467. [PMID: 22704930 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the parent compounds, the mechanisms responsible for the transport of natural metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in contaminated soils have been scarcely investigated. In this study, the sorption of three aromatic acids (1-naphthoic acid (NA), 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA) and salicylic acid (SA)) was examined on soil, in a batch equilibrium single-system, with varying pH and acid concentrations. Continuous flow experiments were also carried out under steady-state water flow. The adsorption behavior of naphthoic and benzoic acids was affected by ligand functionality and molecular structure. All modeling options (equilibrium, chemical nonequilibrium, i.e. chemical kinetics, physical nonequilibrium, i.e. surface sites in the immobile water fraction, and both chemical and physical nonequilibrium) were tested in order to describe the breakthrough behavior of organic compounds in homogeneously packed soil columns. Tracer experiments showed a small fractionation of flow into mobile and immobile compartments, and the related hydrodynamic parameters were used for the modeling of reactive transport. In all cases, the isotherm parameters obtained from column tests differed from those derived from the batch experiments. The best accurate modeling was obtained considering nonequilibrium for the three organic compounds. Both chemical and physical nonequilibrium led to appropriate modeling for HNA and NA, while chemical nonequilibrium was the sole option for SA. SA sorption occurs mainly in mobile water and results from the concomitancy of instantaneous and kinetically limited sites. For all organic compounds, retention is contact condition dependent and differs between batch and column experiments. Such results show that preponderant mechanisms are solute dependent and kinetically limited, which has important implications for the fate and transport of carboxylated aromatic compounds in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hanna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564 CNRS, 405 Rue de Vandoeuvre, F-54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France.
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88
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El Arfaoui A, Sayen S, Paris M, Keziou A, Couderchet M, Guillon E. Is organic matter alone sufficient to predict isoproturon sorption in calcareous soils? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 432:251-256. [PMID: 22750170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Eleven soils collected from Champagne-Ardenne area (France) were used to investigate isoproturon sorption in laboratory conditions. Our results identified the organic matter (OM) and the ratio of calcite content to OM content (Rt) as the main two parameters governing isoproturon retention in soils. While organic matter favored pesticide sorption, calcite had an antagonistic effect since it limited isoproturon retention. The Rt ratio of calcite content to organic matter content in soils appeared to be a parameter that should be considered in predictive models in addition to OM in regions presenting calcareous soils. Adsorption of isoproturon as a function of Rt and OM was successfully described through a simple empirical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achouak El Arfaoui
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR, UMR CNRS 6229), Groupe Chimie de Coordination, France
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89
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Bruna F, Celis R, Real M, Cornejo J. Organo/LDH nanocomposite as an adsorbent of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and soil-water systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 225-226:74-80. [PMID: 22614027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as priority pollutants because of their high risk to human health. In this paper, we addressed the issue of using hydrotalcite-based nanocomposites as adsorbents of six low molecular weight PAHs (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene) to reduce their negative effects on the environment. A nanocomposite (HT-DDS) was prepared by intercalating the organic anion dodecylsulfate (DDS) in a Mg-Al hydrotalcite (HT), and then characterized using several analytical techniques. A Mediterranean soil was selected for being a high-risk scenario of groundwater contamination by leaching of pollutants. The nanocomposite displayed enhanced affinity for the PAHs in water as compared to carbonate-hydrotalcite (HTCO(3)) and its calcined product (HT500), and showed a high irreversibility of the adsorption process (hysteresis coefficient, H<0.15). The results revealed an increase of the pollutants retention in the soil by the addition of the nanocomposite that depended on the nanocomposite application rate and also on the hydrophobicity of each PAH. Accordingly, the use of HT-DDS as an amendment or barrier in contaminated soil is proposed for reducing the mobility of PAHs and, consequently, the adverse effect derived from rapid transport losses of the pollutants to the adjoining environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bruna
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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90
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Zhao Q, Burns SE. Molecular dynamics simulation of secondary sorption behavior of montmorillonite modified by single chain quaternary ammonium cations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:3999-4007. [PMID: 22364194 DOI: 10.1021/es202115v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organoclays synthesized from single chain quaternary ammonium cations (QAC) ((CH(3))(3)NR(+)) exhibit different mechanisms for the sorption of nonpolar organic compounds as the length of the carbon chain is increased. The interaction between a nonpolar sorbate and an organoclay intercalated with small QACs has been demonstrated to be surface adsorption, while partitioning is the dominant mechanism in clays intercalated with long chain surfactants. This study presents the results of a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation performed to examine the sorption mechanisms of benzene in the interlayer of three organoclays with chain lengths ranging from 1 to 16 carbons: tetramethylammonium (TMA) clay; decyltrimethylammonium (DTMA) clay; and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) clay. The basis of the overall simulation was a combined force field of ClayFF and CVFF. In the simulations, organic cations were intercalated and benzene molecules were introduced to the interlayer, followed by whole system NPT and NVT time integration. Trajectories of all the species were recorded after the system reached equilibrium and subsequently analyzed. Simulation results confirmed that the arrangement of the surfactants controlled the sorption mechanism of organoclays. Benzene molecules were observed to interact directly with the clay surface in the presence of TMA cations, but tended to interact with the aliphatic chain of the HDTMA cation in the interlayer. The simulation provided insight into the nature of the adsorption/partitioning mechanisms in organoclays, and explained experimental observations of decreased versus increased uptake capacities as a function of increasing total organic carbon (TOC) for TMA clay and HDTMA clay, respectively. The transition of sorption mechanisms was also quantified with simulation of DTMA clay, with a chain length between that of TMA and HDTMA. Furthermore, this study suggested that at the molecular level, the controlling factor for the ultimate sorption capacity is available surface sites in the case of TMA clay, and density of aliphatic chains within the interlayer space for HDTMA clay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NW Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0355, United States
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91
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Chao HP, Peng CL, Lee CK, Han YL. A study on sorption of organic compounds with different water solubilities on octadecyltrichlorosilane-modified NaY zeolite. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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92
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Wen Y, Ehsan S, Marshall WD. Simultaneous mobilization of macro- and trace elements (MTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds from soil with a nonionic surfactant and [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) in admixture: PAH compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 199-200:240-246. [PMID: 22119309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory study was conducted to assess the feasibility of a washing process with nonionic surfactant in combination with EDDS for the simultaneous mobilization of MTEs and PAH compounds from a field-contaminated soil. Unit processes consisting of complexometric extraction and surfactant-assisted mobilization were combined with reagent regeneration and detoxification steps to generate innocuous products. Thirty minutes of ultrasonic mixing of the soil with a combination of 20 mL L(-1) surfactant suspension and a sparing quantity (2 mmol) of EDDS mobilized virtually all of the benzo[α] pyrene (B(a)P) and chrysene (Cry) and an appreciable portion of the burdens of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, lesser amounts of the As and Cu, but only small quantities of Al and Fe. Relative to individual reagents, combinations of surfactant (Brij98), with EDDS increased the recovery of B(a)P but seemingly did not influence Cry extraction efficiencies perceptibly. Nine sequential washes with the same initial dosage of mobilization aids decreased the quantities of both PAHs to levels in the soil that conformed to recommended maxima. What resulted was a soil that had been cleaned and a limited quantity of innocuous wash water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiang Wen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
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93
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Wen Y, Su LM, Qin WC, He J, Fu L, Zhang XJ, Zhao YH. Linear and non-linear relationships between soil sorption and hydrophobicity. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 23:111-123. [PMID: 22150068 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2011.636761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between log K (oc) and log P was examined by use of a large dataset. For most of the hydrophobic compounds (e.g. 0.5 < log P < 7.5), the organic carbon content plays a dominant role in soil sorption and the sorption coefficient is linearly related to the octanol/water partition coefficient. For hydrophilic compounds (e.g. log P < 0.5), hydrophobic sorption becomes less significant. The hydrophilic contribution to sorption is equal to, or higher than, the hydrophobic contribution to sorption, resulting in the observed K (oc) values being higher than those predicted from their log P values. For highly hydrophobic compounds (e.g. log P > 7.5), log K (oc) decreases with increasing hydrophobicity because of a lack of chemical availability due to low solubility. A linear solvation energy relationship shows that the sorption potential increases with increasing molecular size by increasing the dispersion interactions between the chemical and soil organic phase. The sorption potential decreases with increase in the basicity of hydrophobic compounds by increasing the H-bonding of chemicals with water. Principal component analysis shows that the octanol/water system is the closest system, but not an ideal surrogate, to describe the soil sorption for hydrophobic compounds as compared with other solvent/water partition systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wen
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Sciences , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin , PR China
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94
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Gebremariam SY, Beutel MW, Yonge DR, Flury M, Harsh JB. Adsorption and desorption of chlorpyrifos to soils and sediments. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 215:123-175. [PMID: 22057931 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1463-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos, one of the most widely used insecticides, has been detected in air, rain, marine sediments, surface waters, drinking water wells, and solid and liquid dietary samples collected from urban and rural areas. Its metabolite, TCP, has also been widely detected in urinary samples collected from people of various age groups. With a goal of elucidating the factors that control the environmental contamination, impact, persistence, and ecotoxicity of chlorpyrifos, we examine, in this review, the peer-reviewed literature relating to chlorpyrifos adsorption and desorption behavior in various solid-phase matrices. Adsorption tends to reduce chlorpyrifos mobility, but adsorption to erodible particulates, dissolved organic matter, or mobile inorganic colloids enhances its mobility. Adsorption to suspended sediments and particulates constitutes a major off-site migration route for chlorpyrifos to surface waters, wherein it poses a potential danger to aquatic organisms. Adsorption increases the persistence of chlorpyrifos in the environment by reducing its avail- ability to a wide range of dissipative and degradative forces, whereas the effect of adsorption on its ecotoxicity is dependent upon the route of exposure. Chlorpyrifos adsorbs to soils, aquatic sediments, organic matter, and clay minerals to differing degrees. Its adsorption strongly correlates with organic carbon con- tent of the soils and sediments. A comprehensive review of studies that relied on the batch equilibrium technique yields mean and median Kd values for chlorpyrifos of 271 and 116 L/kg for soils, and 385 and 403 L/kg for aquatic sediments. Chlorpyrifos adsorption coefficients spanned two orders of magnitude in soils. Normalizing the partition coefficient to organic content failed to substantially reduce variability to commonly acceptable level of variation. Mean and median values for chlorpyrifos partition coefficients normalized to organic carbon, K, were 8,163 and 7,227 L/kg for soils and 13,439 and 15,500 L/kg for sediipents. This variation may result from several factors, including various experimental artifacts, variation in quality of soil organic matter, and inconsistencies in experimental methodologies. Based on this review, there appears to be no definitive quantification of chlorpyrifos adsorption or desorption characteristics. Thus, it is difficult to predict its adsorptive behavior with certainty, without resorting to experimental methods specific to the soil or sediment of interest. This limitation should be recognized in the context of current efforts to predict the risk, fate, and transport of chlorpyrifos based upon published partition coefficients. Based on a comprehensive review of the peer-reviewed literature related to adsorption and desorption of chlorpyrifos, we propose the following key areas for future research. From this review, it becomes increasingly evident that pesticide partitioning cannot be fully accounted for by the fraction of soil or solid-matrix organic matter or carbon content. Therefore, research that probes the variation in the nature and quality of soil organic matter on pesticide adsorption is highly desirable. Pesticide persistence and bioavailability depend on insights into desorption capacity. Therefore, understanding the fate and environmental impact of hydrophobic pesticides is incomplete without new research being performed to improve insights into pesticide desorption from soils and sediments. There is also a need for greater attention and consistency in developing experimental methods aimed at estimating partition coefficients. Moreover, in such testing, choosing initial concentrations and liquid-solid ratios that are more representative of environmental conditions could improve usefulness and interpretation of data that are obtained. Future monitoring efforts should include the sampling and analysis of suspended particulates to account for suspended solid-phase CPF, a commonly underestimated fraction in surface water quality monitoring programs. Finally, management practices related to the reduction of off-site migration of CPF should be further evaluated, including alternative agricultural practices leading to reduction in soil erosion and structural best management practices, such as sedimentation ponds, treatment wetlands, and vegetated edge-of-field strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoum Yami Gebremariam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2910, USA,
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95
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Hung WN, Lin TF, Chiu CH, Chiou CT. On the use of a freeze-dried versus an air-dried soil humic acid as a surrogate of soil organic matter for contaminant sorption. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 160:125-129. [PMID: 22035935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of phenanthrene (PHN) to relatively pure soil humic acids (HAs) was investigated to assess the suitability of the soil HA as a surrogate sorbent for the soil organic matter (SOM). The HAs were prepared in both freeze-dried and air-dried forms. The two forms of HAs from the same source are similar in composition but the freeze-dried HAs exhibit a significantly higher initial surface area (SA) (3.86-4.59 m(2)/g); the SAs of air-dried HAs are below 0.1 m(2)/g. However, the SAs of freeze-dried HAs are not stable upon contact with water; the samples lose practically all the SA after 4 days of immersion in water. The PHN sorption to both forms of HAs is practically linear, whether a co-solute is present or not. The sorption linearity observed with the present freeze-dried HAs is in sharp contrast with the allegedly nonlinear PHN sorption on similar freeze-dried HAs as presented by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Nung Hung
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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96
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Wilczyńska-Piliszek AJ, Piliszek S, Falandysz J. Use of quantitative-structure property relationship (QSPR) and artificial neural network (ANN) based approaches for estimating the octanol-water partition coefficients of the 209 chlorinated trans-azobenzene congeners. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2012; 47:111-128. [PMID: 22251211 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.616779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated azobenzenes (PCABs) can be found as contaminant by products in 3,4-dichloroaniline and its derivatives and in the herbicides Diuron, Linuron, Methazole, Neburon, Propanil and SWEP. Trans congeners of PCABs are physically and chemically more stable and so are environmentally relevant, when compared to unstable cis congeners. In this study, to fulfill gaps on environmentally relevant partitioning properties of PCABs, the values of n-octanol/water partition coefficients (log K(OW)) have been determined for 209 congeners of chloro-trans-azobenzene (Ct-AB) by means of quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) approach and artificial neural networks (ANN) predictive ability. The QSPR methods used based on geometry optimalization and quantum-chemical structural descriptors, which were computed on the level of density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP functional and 6-311++G basis set in Gaussian 03 and of the semi-empirical quantum chemistry method (PM6) of the molecular orbital package (MOPAC). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), -furans (PCDFs) and -biphenyls (PCBs), to which PCABs are related, were reference compounds in this study. An experimentally obtained data on physical and chemical properties of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were reference data for ANN predictions of log K(OW) values of Ct-ABs in this study. Both calculation methods gave similar results in term of absolute log K(OW) values, while the models generated by PM6 are considered highly efficient in time spent, when compared to these by DFT. The estimated log K(OW) values of 209 Ct-ABs varied between 5.22-5.57 and 5.45-5.60 for Mono-, 5.56-6.00 and 5.59-6.07 for Di-, 5.89-6.56 and 5.91-6.46 for Tri-, 6.10-7.05 and 6.13-6.80 for Tetra-, 6.43-7.39 and 6.48-7.14 for Penta-, 6.61-7.78 and 6.98-7.42 for Hexa-, 7.41-7.94 and 7.34-7.86 for Hepta-, 7.99-8.17 and 7.72-8.20 for Octa-, 8.35-8.42 and 8.10-8.62 for NonaCt-ABs, and 8.52-8.60 and 8.81-8.83 for DecaCt-AB. These log K(OW) values shows that Ct-ABs are compounds of relatively low environmental mobility (log K(OW) > 4.5) and of significant bioaccumulation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata J Wilczyńska-Piliszek
- Research Group of Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology & Food Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences & Public Health, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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97
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98
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99
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Boonsaner M, Borrirukwisitsak S, Boonsaner A. Phytoremediation of BTEX contaminated soil by Canna×generalis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1700-1707. [PMID: 21497398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation experiments showed that the canna (Canna×generalis) could accumulate BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) from root zone and rhizome zone soil and translocate these compounds to the shoot. A comparison among these compounds showed that the sequences for accumulation in the root, rhizome and shoot were strongly related to their physicochemical properties (i.e. K(ow) values and molecular weight). For removal efficiency, the canna could remove about 80% of BTEX in the root zone and rhizome zone soil in 21 days. In addition, the removal efficiency in BTEX contaminated soil with 40% water content was a little higher than that found with 20% soil water content. This result indicated that the soil water content should also be considered when phytoremediation is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boonsaner
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.
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100
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Yan C, Yang Y, Liu M, Nie M, Zhou JL. Phenanthrene sorption to Chinese coal: importance of coal's geochemical properties. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:86-92. [PMID: 21621328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phen) was chosen as the probe compound for determining the sorption of PAHs to a series of different coal samples from China. Based on elemental analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra analysis, coal samples were characterized with different metamorphic evolutional degrees. The experimental sorption data were fitted well by the Freundlich model, suggesting enhanced sorption capacity and strong nonlinearity of coal samples. The combined partition and adsorption model yielded a better fit than the Freundlich isotherm, indicating that adsorption dominated the sorption at low aqueous concentrations. Correlations between coal properties and sorption capacity values indicated that C%, H/C and O/C atomic ratios were the key factors controlling the sorption behavior. Compared to total carbon, BC might play more important role in the sorption of Phen to coal samples. Moreover, there existed nonlinear relationships between combined carbon, aromatic and aliphatic carbon contents and log K(Fr) and n values, respectively, indicating the significance of aromatic and aliphatic carbon in the coal sorption behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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