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Zhang W, Jin X, Tang W, Shan B. Overestimation of orthophosphate monoesters in lake sediment by solution 31P-NMR analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25469-25474. [PMID: 28965210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR) is a useful method for analyzing organic phosphorus (Po). Unfortunately, the extraction conditions, which are highly alkaline and require long extraction times, make this analysis less effective. In this research, according to the lability of orthophosphate monoesters (mono-Po) and orthophosphate diesters (diesters-Po), we verified the hypothesized overestimation of mono-Po in lake sediment using solution 31P-NMR. We set three scenes to redistribute the mono-Po and diesters-Po. Six components, including eight mono-Po species, were detected in the NaOH-EDTA extracts of sediment samples using 31P-NMR. The results showed that mono-Po (212.7 mg kg-1) was the dominant Po in the surface sediment. In the three scenes, mono-Po decreased from 212.7 to 112.0 mg kg-1, and diesters-Po increased from 31.9 to 132.7 mg kg-1. The ratio of mono-Po to diesters-Po increased from 6.7 to 0.8. Therefore, we deduced that the concentration of mono-Po was overestimated, while that of diesters-Po was underestimated, in most research because of the high pH and long extraction process. Diesters-Po might be an important labile P source during the P "exhausted" period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Zhang R, Chen J, Wang L, Wu F. Characteristics of phosphorus components in surface sediments from a Chinese shallow eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu): new insights from chemical extraction and 31P NMR spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23518-23527. [PMID: 28849544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a primary factor responsible for lake eutrophication, a deeper understanding of the phosphorus (P) composition and its turnover in sediment is urgently needed. In this study, P species in surface sediments from a Chinese large eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu) were characterized by traditional fractionation and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and their contributions to the overlying water were also discussed. Fractionation results show that NaOH-P predominated in the algal-dominated zone, accounting for 60.1% to total P in Zhushan Bay. Whereas, refractory fractions including HCl-P and residual-P were the main P burial phases in the macrophyte-dominated zone, the center and lakeshore. Recovery rates of the total P and organic P were greatly improved by using a modified single-step extraction of NaOH-EDTA, ranging from 22.6 to 66.1% and from 15.0 to 54.0%. Ortho-P, monoester-P, and pyro-P are identified as the major P components in the NaOH-EDTA extracts by 31P NMR analysis. Trace amount of DNA-P appeared only in sediments from algal- and macrophyte-dominated zones, ascribing to its biological origin. The relative content of ortho-P is the highest in the algal-dominated zone, while the biogenic P including ester-P and pyro-P is the highest in the macrophyte-dominated zone. Moreover, ortho-P and pyro-P correlated positively with TP and chlorophyll a in the overlying water, whereas only significant relationships were found between monoester-P, biogenic P, and chlorophyll a. These discrepancies imply that inorganic P, mainly ortho-P, plays a vital role in sustaining the trophic level of water body and algal bloom, while biogenic P makes a minor contribution to phytoplankton growth. This conclusion was supported by the results of high proportion of biogenic P in algae, aquatic macrophytes, and suspended particulate from the published literature. This study has significant implication for better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of endogenous P and its role in affecting lake eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Jingan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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53
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Li X, Zhou Y, Liu G, Lei H, Zhu D. Mechanisms of the photochemical release of phosphate from resuspended sediments under solar irradiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:779-786. [PMID: 28410527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, resuspended sediments that were exposed to simulated solar irradiation could release dissolved phosphate (PO43-). However, the mechanisms of phosphate release remain unclear. In this research, a battery of experiments was performed to reveal the mechanisms of the photochemical release of phosphate from resuspended sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake under solar irradiation. The results show that the PO43- released in resuspended sediments was significantly higher than that in the dark control or in water alone after treatment with solar irradiation for 6h. The results of sequential chemical extractions showed that the concentrations of labile organic, moderately labile organic and residual organic phosphorus decreased in the resuspended sediment after 6h of solar irradiation; of these, moderately labile organic phosphorus was the greatest contributor to the release of dissolved phosphate in resuspended sediment. Orthophosphate, phosphate monoesters, phosphate diesters and pyrophosphate were detected with 31P NMR. It is worth mentioning that the diester-P and pyro-P species disappeared after 6h of irradiation. In addition, enzyme activity and radical trapping experiments were applied to identify the roles of biomineralization and photochemical degradation during phosphate release from resuspended sediments under solar irradiation. The amount of PO43- released in fresh sediment was greater than that in the autoclaved sediment, which should be attributed to the higher alkaline phosphatase activity in the fresh sediment. However, the PO43- released from the photochemical degradation of organic phosphorus is the primary phosphate source during sediment resuspension under 6h of solar irradiation. The phosphate photorelease was inhibited when methanol was added to the suspension and decreased significantly when the concentration of methanol was increased from 0.5M to 2.0M. All of these results suggest that photochemical processes may lead to PO43- release from sediment in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiyong Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guanglong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hongjun Lei
- School of Water resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China.
| | - Duanwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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54
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Zhang W, Zhu X, Jin X, Meng X, Tang W, Shan B. Evidence for organic phosphorus activation and transformation at the sediment-water interface during plant debris decomposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 583:458-465. [PMID: 28119007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The processes and mechanisms through which phosphorus (P) is released from sediment and organic P is transformed, induced by the decomposition of plant (duckweed (Lemma minor L.)) debris, were studied experimentally. In the simulation experiments, the dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and oxidation-reduction potential at the water-sediment interface first decreased rapidly. The lowest oxidation-reduction potential reached was 225.4mV, and the solution became weakly acidic (pH5.14) and anoxic (dissolved oxygen concentration 0.17mg·L-1). The dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and oxidation-reduction potential then became stable. The soluble reactive P, total dissolved P, and total P concentrations in the overlying water all increased rapidly because of the particulate P and dissolved organic P released as the plant debris decomposed. 31P NMR analysis of the solution showed that orthophosphate monoesters were the main organic P compounds in the sediment. The orthophosphate monoester and orthophosphate diester concentrations were higher during the first 7d of the experiment (at 71.2 and 15.3mg·kg-1, respectively) than later (60.8 and 14.6mg·kg-1, respectively). The decomposition of the duckweed could have mineralized the orthophosphate monoesters and orthophosphate diesters to give orthophosphate. The results indicated that the decomposition of aquatic plant debris is a key factor in the release of P from sediment even when external P is excluded. It is therefore necessary to remove plant debris from freshwater ecosystems to control the release of P from plant debris and sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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55
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Bai X, Sun J, Zhou Y, Gu L, Zhao H, Wang J. Variations of different dissolved and particulate phosphorus classes during an algae bloom in a eutrophic lake by 31P NMR spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:577-585. [PMID: 27902964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of phosphorus (P) pools is vital to understanding the contribution of P to water eutrophication. In this study, dissolved and particulate P classes during an algae bloom in Lake Taihu, as well as their relationships with the main environmental factors, were analyzed based on solution 31P NMR. The results showed that dissolved P was dominated by orthophosphate (Ortho-P) in heavily polluted regions and by orthophosphate monoester (Mono-P) and orthophosphate diester (Diester-P) in lightly polluted regions, indicating that the main dissolved P classes varied with the degree of lake pollution. The difference in the temporal variation patterns of dissolved P classes revealed that dissolved Ortho-P is the preferred class, and its concentration may be affected by major primary producers. It also revealed that dissolved Mono-P is prone to accumulation under the effects of algal blooms, especially in heavily polluted regions. The main particulate P classes were similar to those of dissolved P, but their variation trends were the same in different lake regions. There were significant positive correlations between the major particulate P classes and Chl a during the majority of the sampling period, indicating that living algal cells have a major contribution to particulate P. Obvious temporal variations of P classes may affect the bioavailability and dynamics of P in the water of Lake Taihu, but the particle reactivities of the main inorganic and organic P classes were similar. Therefore, they have little effect on P partitioning between the dissolved and particulate phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Bai
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinhua Sun
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunkai Zhou
- Institute of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lei Gu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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56
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Wang L, Putnis CV, King HE, Hövelmann J, Ruiz-Agudo E, Putnis A. Imaging Organophosphate and Pyrophosphate Sequestration on Brucite by in Situ Atomic Force Microscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:328-336. [PMID: 27983815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the organic phosphorus (OP) and pyrophosphate (PyroP) cycle and their fate in the environment, it is critical to understand the effects of mineral interfaces on the reactivity of adsorption and precipitation of OP and PyroP. Here, in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to directly observe the kinetics of coupled dissolution-precipitation on cleaved (001) surfaces of brucite [Mg(OH)2] in the presence of phytate, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and pyrophosphate, respectively. AFM results show that the relative order of contribution to mineral surface adsorption and precipitation is phytate > pyrophosphate > G6P under the same solution conditions and can be quantified by the induction time of OP/PyroP-Mg nucleation in a boundary layer at the brucite-water interface. Calculations of solution speciation during brucite dissolution in the presence of phytate or pyrophosphate at acidic pH conditions show that the solutions may reach supersaturation with respect to Mg5H2Phytate.6H2O as a Mg-phytate phase or Mg2P2O7 as a Mg-pyrophosphate phase that becomes thermodynamically stable before equilibrium with brucite is reached. This is consistent with AFM dynamic observations for the new phase formations on brucite. Direct nanoscale observations of the transformation of adsorption/complexation-surface precipitation, combined with spectroscopic characterizations and species simulations may improve the mechanistic understanding of organophosphate and pyrophosphate sequestration by mineral replacement reactions through a mechanism of coupled dissolution-precipitation occurring at mineral-solution interfaces in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Helen E King
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University , 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jörn Hövelmann
- Interface-Geochemistry, Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Encarnación Ruiz-Agudo
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Granada , Fuentenueva s/n, Grenada 18071, Spain
| | - Andrew Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
- The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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57
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Wang G, Wang Y, Guo Y, Peng D. Effects of four different phosphorus-locking materials on sediment and water quality in Xi'an moat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:264-274. [PMID: 27714656 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To lower phosphorus concentration in Xi'an moat, four different phosphorus-locking materials, namely, calcium nitrate, sponge-iron, fly ash, and silica alumina clay, were selected in this experiment to study their effects on water quality and sediment. Results of the continuous 68-day experiment showed that calcium nitrate was the most effective for controlling phosphorus concentration in overlying and interstitial water, where the efficiency of locking phosphorus was >97 and 90 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the addition of calcium nitrate caused Fe/Al-bound phosphorus (Fe/Al-P) content in sediment declining but Ca-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) and organic phosphorus (OP) content ascending. The phosphorus-locking efficiency of sponge-iron in overlying and interstitial water was >72 and 66 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the total phosphorus (TP), OP, Fe/Al-P, and Ca-P content in sediment increased by 33.8, 7.7, 23.1, and 23.1 %, respectively, implying that under the action of sponge-iron, the locked phosphorus in sediment was mainly inorganic form and the phosphorus-locking efficiency of sponge-iron could be stable and persistent. In addition, the phosphorus-locking efficiency of fly ash was transient and limited, let alone silica alumina clay had almost no capacity for phosphorus-locking efficiency. Therefore, calcium nitrate and sponge-iron were excellent phosphorus-locking agents to repair the seriously polluted water derived from an internal source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbai Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Dangcong Peng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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58
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Ni Z, Wang S, Wang Y. Characteristics of bioavailable organic phosphorus in sediment and its contribution to lake eutrophication in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:537-544. [PMID: 27268756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to establish the relative importance of sediment organic phosphorus (Po) to the total P and the major classes of organic molecules that contribute to sediment Po, determined by measuring their susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis, across a suite of lakes ranging from oligotrophic to eutrophic status. The results showed that Po accounted for 21-60% of total P, and bioavailable Po accounted for 9-34% of Po in the sediments. The bioavailable Po includes mainly labile (H2O-Po) and moderately labile (NaOH-Po) P forms. For H2O-Po (accounting for only1.4% of Po), 53% (average) was labile monoester P, 28% was diester P and 17% was phytate-like P. For NaOH-Po (accounting for 9-33% of Po), 32% was labile monoester P, 33% was phytate-like P and 18% was diester P. The composition of bioavailable Po, determined by enzyme assays, was related to the lake nutrient levels, which implies that sediment bioavailable Po could act as an effective indicator for lake eutrophic status. With the increase of lake nutrient levels, bioavailable Po content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the sediment all increased, indicating that Po represents an important and bioavailable source of P that increases with eutrophication, and could contribute to internal loading and resistance of eutrophic lakes to remediation. This implies that eutrophic lakes would maintain long-term eutrophic status and algal bloom phenomena even after the external input of P was controlled and the total P concentration of water has declined. Thus, in order to reduce the release risk of sediment P more efficiently and effectively, sediment P control technique should focus not only on reducing the total P and inorganic P, but should also pay close attention to the removal of bioavailable Po.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokui Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Research Center of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Dongting Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station, Yueyang, 414000, China
| | - Shengrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Research Center of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Dongting Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station, Yueyang, 414000, China.
| | - Yuemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
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Shinohara R, Imai A, Kohzu A, Tomioka N, Furusato E, Satou T, Sano T, Komatsu K, Miura S, Shimotori K. Dynamics of particulate phosphorus in a shallow eutrophic lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:413-423. [PMID: 27151498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that in shallow, eutrophic Lake Kasumigaura, the concentration of particulate phosphorus (PP) is controlled by biogenic P (P in living or dead phytoplankton and bacterial cells), rather than by resuspension of inorganic P in sediment. Increases in wind velocity and turbidity were associated with bottom shear stress exceeding the critical value for the lake (τc=0.15Nm(-2)); this increased turbidity was due to sediment resuspension. However, concentrations of PP; HCl-extractable, reactive P in PP (P-rP); and HCl-extractable, non-reactive P in PP (P-nrP) were not correlated with wind velocity (PP vs. wind velocity: r=0.40, p>0.05). Rather, the P-nrP concentration accounted for approximately 79% of PP, and the concentrations of PP, P-rP, and P-nrP were correlated with the particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration (POC vs. PP: r=0.90, p<0.01; POC vs. P-rP: r=0.82, p<0.01; POC vs. P-nrP: r=0.86, p<0.01). In our (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results, mononucleotides accounted for the largest proportion among the detected P compound classes. In addition, concentrations of mononucleotides, orthophosphate, and pyrophosphate were significantly higher in samples with high POC concentrations, whereas the DNA-P concentration was not. These results suggest that biogenic P affects PP concentrations more strongly than does sediment resuspension, and the production of biogenic P creates a pool of mononucleotides, a class of easily degradable P, even in shallow, eutrophic Lake Kasumigaura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Shinohara
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Akio Imai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Ayato Kohzu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Noriko Tomioka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Eiichi Furusato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takayuki Satou
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sano
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Komatsu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shingo Miura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Koichi Shimotori
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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60
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Sjöberg PJR, Thelin P, Rydin E. Separation of inositol phosphate isomers in environmental samples by ion-exchange chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 161:392-397. [PMID: 27769422 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A method for isomeric separation of inositol phosphates (InsPn) in environmental samples originating from different sources such as soil, manure/compost, and aquatic sediments has been developed. The method includes a single NaOH-EDTA extraction step, centrifugation and direct injection of a particle free solution into an ion chromatographic column. Isomeric liquid chromatographic separation was achieved with an ammonium carbonate gradient compatible with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The detection limits of the LC-ESI-MS/MS method were between 0.03-0.16µM for the different InsPn, corresponding to 37-99ng P/g sample DW. The method has shown to be able to analyze more than 200 samples from soil, manure and sediment without any severe matrix effects. This will allow future studies of the fate of inositol phosphates in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per J R Sjöberg
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Pernilla Thelin
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil Rydin
- BalticSea2020, P.O. Box 50005, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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61
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Zhang W, Jin X, Zhu X, Shan B. Characteristics and Distribution of Phosphorus in Surface Sediments of Limnetic Ecosystem in Eastern China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156488. [PMID: 27281191 PMCID: PMC4900520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for aquatic organisms; however, excessive P inflow to limnetic ecosystems can induce eutrophication. P concentrations in the rivers, wetlands and lakes of Eastern China have been amplified by fertilizer and sewage inputs associated with the development of industry and agriculture. Yet, knowledge of the distribution and speciation of P is lacking at the regional scale. We determined the distribution and speciation of P in limnetic ecosystems in Eastern China using Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR). The results indicate that P pollution in surface sediments was serious. Inorganic P (Pi) was the primary drive of variation in total P (TP) among different river systems, and Pi accounted for 71% to 90% of TP in surface sediment in Eastern China. Also, the concentrations of TP and Pi varied among watersheds and Pi primarily drove the variation in TP in different watersheds. Sediments less than 10-cm deep served as the main P reservoir. Environmental factors affect the speciation and origin of P. NaOH-Pi, HCl-Pi and organic P (Po) were related to pH accordingly at the regional scale. The physicochemical properties of sediments from different limnetic ecosystems affect the P speciation. HCl-Pi was higher in wetland sediments than in riverine and lake sediments in Eastern China. Conversely, NaOH-Pi was lowest in wetland sediments. Total Po concentration was lower in riverine sediments than in other sediments, but Mono-P was higher, with an average concentration of 48 mg kg−1. Diesters-P was highest in lake sediments. By revealing the regional distribution of TP, Pi and Po, this study will support eutrophication management in Eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, P.R. China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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62
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Lü C, Wang B, He J, Vogt RD, Zhou B, Guan R, Zuo L, Wang W, Xie Z, Wang J, Yan D. Responses of Organic Phosphorus Fractionation to Environmental Conditions and Lake Evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5007-5016. [PMID: 27104794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical fractionation is used to assess the significance of environmental factors on organic phosphorus (OP) pools in sediments. Labile, moderately labile, and nonlabile OP pools in the sediments from Lake Hulun, Inner Mongolia, were fractionated, and their responses to environmental conditions and lake evolution were investigated based on the spatial and vertical distribution of OP fractionations. In light of the recalcitrant characteristics of organic matter (OM) in different environmental conditions, the pH presents significant negative effects on the amount of labile OP, while water depth shows an important role in regulating the distribution between the moderately labile and nonlabile OP pools. A latitudinal zonation in the distribution of OP pools in surface sediments from different lakes was apparent with this zonation likely linked to the gradient effects of climate and anthropogenic activities on OM decomposition and thereby on the sediments capacity to hold phosphorus. These results show that OM plays a role in governing the impacts of weather and environmental factors on OP fractionation in aquatic environments. This work suggests that OP pools in the sediment core could be used as an archive for environmental conditions and lake evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Lü
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
- Institute of Environmental Geology, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo , N-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bing Wang
- Forestry College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Huhhot 010019, China
| | - Jiang He
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
- Institute of Environmental Geology, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Rolf D Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo , N-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo , N-0315, Oslo, Norway
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences , Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Rui Guan
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Le Zuo
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Weiying Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Zhilei Xie
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Daohao Yan
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University , Huhhot 010021, China
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Zhang W, Jin X, Ding Y, Zhu X, Rong N, Li J, Shan B. Composition of phosphorus in wetland soils determined by SMT and solution 31P-NMR analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9046-9053. [PMID: 26832861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Eastern China, wetlands are common in the lower reaches of catchments or in coastal zones. Wetlands are at risk from eutrophication because of the large quantities of phosphorus (P) they receive from rivers. They are also decreasing in size. In this contribution, we present information about the composition of P in wetland soils, obtained using the Standards, Measurements, and Testing (SMT) protocol and (31)P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Average P concentrations varied in the different wetland soils and, in four of the five wetlands sampled, exceeded 500 mg∙kg(-1). HCl-inorganic P (Pi) was the main Pi fraction in wetland soils. The percentage contribution of Pi (89.7 %) to total P was the highest in the Yangtze River estuary wetland. Six P components were detected by (31)P-NMR analysis. Mono-P was the main organic P (Po) in wetland soils. Orthophosphate (Ortho-P) was positively and negatively related to NaOH-Pi (R (2) = 0.957, p < 0.001) and HCl-Pi (R (2) = -0.689, p < 0.001), respectively. Orthophosphate monoesters (Mono-P) were positively related to Po (R (2) = 0.617, p < 0.001) and ortho-P (R (2) = 0.624, p < 0.001), respectively. The main Po component was Mono-P, and it may be mineralized to ortho-P under the frequently changing redox conditions in wetland soils. The information from this study will support the development of robust scientific and effective policy for P management in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuekui Ding
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Rong
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
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In situ, high-resolution evidence for iron-coupled mobilization of phosphorus in sediments. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24341. [PMID: 27087199 PMCID: PMC4834547 DOI: 10.1038/srep24341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Reductive dissolution of phosphorus-bearing iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides has been regarded as a primary mechanism responsible for the mobilization of phosphorus (P) in sediments for over 70 years. However, to date there is little in situ evidence to support this hypothesis. In this study, a total of 16 sites in the large eutrophic Lake Taihu were selected for investigation. Newly-developed diffusive gradients in thin films (ZrO-Chelex DGT) probes were deployed to simultaneously measure labile Fe and P mainly released from sediment solids at millimeter spatial resolution. Significantly positive correlations were observed between DGT-labile Fe and P at 14 sites, implying a release of P following reductive dissolution of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides. A coincident resupply of Fe(II) and P was observed from sediment solids to buffer their releases from DGT perturbance, further verifying the mechanism of Fe-coupled mobilization of P. The ratio of DGT-labile Fe/P was found to be positively correlated with the ratio of easily reducible (oxyhydr)oxide Fe to its associated P, indicating that this solid phase should retain P prior to its release. The results provide direct evidence for the coupling between Fe and P in sediments and further identify the easily reducible Fe (oxyhydr)oxide species involved in the coupling process.
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Zhang W, Rong N, Jin X, Li J, Ding Y, Zhu X, Shan B. Phosphorus speciation of sediments from lakes of different tropic status in Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6767-6773. [PMID: 26662787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Information about the chemical composition of phosphorus (P) in sediment is critical for understanding P dynamics and eutrophication in lake ecosystems. Eutrophication as a result of P pollution still persists so we chose to determine the P characteristics of sediments from ten lakes of different trophic status and the relationships between P fractions and environmental factors. The results show that the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) method combined with (31)P-nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P-NMR) can efficiently show the P characteristics of sediment. Phosphorus concentrations in sediments decreased as the trophic status of the lake improved. Inorganic P (Pi) was the dominant form of total P (TP) in most of the lake sediments and was mainly comprised of HCl-Pi, a stable Pi fraction. Results of (31)P-NMR analysis show that the extracts were dominated by ortho-P (36.4-94.8%) and mono-P (4.0-36.2%), with smaller amounts of diester-P (.6-23.1%), pyro-P (.2-4.4%), and phon-P (.3-.7%). Analysis of the relationships between the P composition and the trophic status of the lakes indicated that the bioavailability of P forms has an influence on the surface water trophic conditions and the health of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Rong
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuekui Ding
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
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66
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Lü C, He J, Zuo L, Vogt RD, Zhu L, Zhou B, Mohr CW, Guan R, Wang W, Yan D. Processes and their explanatory factors governing distribution of organic phosphorous pools in lake sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:125-134. [PMID: 26688248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The amount of organic phosphorus (OP) and its distribution among different pools in lake sediments depends on biotic and abiotic processes driving the OP fractionation. Key environmental factors governing these transformations processes between OP fractionations in sediments were studied on the basis of geochemical characteristics of OP pools in relation to environmental factors in the sediments. The results illustrate that the factors influencing the accumulation or depletion of different OP pools were intrinsically dependent on the composition of the deposited organic matter (OM). During the mineralization of the OM the microorganisms excrete the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, accelerating the OP hydrolysis, and thereby setting the grounds for the bacterially-mediated oxidation of OM. There are two main degradation products of the labile OP pool (LOP) and the moderately labile OP pool (MLOP): Either the OP is transformed to a dissolved organic or inorganic P form, and thereby released to water column, or OP is transformed to a non-labile OP pool and stored in the sediments. A comparative study showed that oxy-hydroxides of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) only played an important role in influencing OP fractionation in Lake Wuliangsuhai, while the complexation reactions of OP with calcium ions and sorption to its minerals are key factors governing the OP fractionation in the two alkaline lakes. It is worth noting that a significant correlation between the Fe-P pool and the pools of LOP and MLOP indicates that the degradation of the rather labile OP pools are highly dependent on the iron redox reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Lü
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China; Institute of Environmental Geology, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315, Norway.
| | - Jiang He
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China; Institute of Environmental Geology, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China.
| | - Le Zuo
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Rolf D Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315, Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315, Norway
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315, Norway; Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | | | - Rui Guan
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Weiying Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Daohao Yan
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China
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67
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Li B, Brett MT. Characterization of the dissolved phosphorus uptake kinetics for the effluents from advanced nutrient removal processes. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 84:181-189. [PMID: 26233657 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of the watershed protection plans, direct determination of phosphorus (P) mineralization rates in advanced wastewater treatment facility effluents is crucial for developing the most protective strategies minimiz eutrophication in receiving surface waters. In this study, algal bioassays were used to determine the uptake rate of dissolved P in effluents from a broad range of advanced nutrient removal technologies (e.g., membrane biological reactor, traditional biological, tertiary membrane, Blue PRO™, etc.). Dissolved P uptake kinetics were fit to a gamma model and three first-order decay models. A traditional one-pool model correlated poorly with the experimental data (i.e., r(2) = 0.73 ± 0.09), whereas two-pool model and three-pool models performed much better (i.e., r(2) > 0.9). These models also provided strong evidence for the existence of recalcitrant P in the effluents from these tertiary facilities. The Gamma model showed the mineralization of organic P followed a reactive continuum and further suggested the partitioning of P loads with different bioavailability levels should be accounted for the future modeling practices. From a modeling perspective, the Gamma model should be considered to be the theoretically best model as it gave the most parsimonious fit to the data using the fewest terms. Our study suggested that the current Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) model could be easily modified with the updated mineralization kinetics, which should lead to both ecological and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Michael T Brett
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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68
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Zhang Y, He F, Xia S, Zhou Q, Wu Z. Studies on the treatment efficiency of sediment phosphorus with a combined technology of PCFM and submerged macrophytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:705-711. [PMID: 26342460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency of sediment phosphorus (P) in all fractions with a combined technology of porous ceramic filter media (PCFM) and submerged macrophytes was studied in Donghu Lake, Wuhan, China. The adsorption kinetic models of the sediment P in all fractions on PCFM could be described well by a power function equations (Qt = k · t(a), 0 < a < 1). The P removal capacity of the combination of PCFM and Potamogeton crispus, a submerged macrophyte, was higher for all P forms than that of the combination of PCFM and another macrophyte, Vallisneria spiralis. This study suggested that the combination of PCFM and macrophytes could achieve a synergetic sediment P removal because the removal rates of the combinations were higher than the sum of that of PCFM and macrophytes used separately. The combined technology could be further applied to treat internal P loading in eutrophic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Universtar Science and Technology(Shenzhen) Company Limited, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Shibin Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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69
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Cheesman AW, Rocca J, Turner BL. Phosphorus Characterization in Wetland Soils by Solution Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. METHODS IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF WETLANDS 2015. [DOI: 10.2136/sssabookser10.c33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Cheesman
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook Univ.; P.O. Box 6811 Cairns QLD 4870 Australia
| | - James Rocca
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, McKnight Brain Institute; Univ. of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon
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70
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Lü C, He J, Zhou B, Vogt RD, Guan R, Wang W, Zuo L, Yan D. Distribution characteristics of organic phosphorus in sediments from Lake Hulun, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:1851-1858. [PMID: 26395387 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The amount of organic phosphorus (OP) and its distribution among different pools in lake sediments depend on biotic and abiotic processes driving OP fractionation. The key abiotic factors governing these transformation processes between different OP fractions in sediments were studied on the basis of distribution characteristics of OP pools in sediments from Lake Hulun (HLH). The results showed the order of the size of OP pools in the surface sediments from Lake Hulun to be: Re-OP (residual OP) ≫ FAOP (fulvic acid fraction) ≥ HCl-OP (OP extracted by HCl) > HAOP (humic acid fraction) ≫ LOP (labile OP); lower concentrations of LOP were found in lake surface sediments with high pH (pH > 9) of lake overlying water indicating a governing role of pH in LOP degradation in an aquatic environment. The pattern of total OP (TOP) spatial distribution showed an obvious decreasing trend from the west to the east lake districts in surface sediments from HLH, which was attributed to the inputs of dust and dry grass driven by the prevailing wind and the finer grain size in the west lake districts. However, the spatial distribution pattern of dissolved OP (DOP) in overlying water, which presented different trends with TOP and total organic carbon (TOC) in surface sediments, indicated that the biological factors and terrestrial inputs showed a joint influence on DOP distribution in HLH. The higher levels of Re-OP and lower levels of HCl-OP observed in HLH may reveal that calcium ions and their minerals were the key governing factors of OP fractionation in sediments from HLH. This work revealed the main abiotic process or mechanism driving OP fractionation in the aquatic environment helping to understand the geochemical information archived in OP pools in lake sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Lü
- College of Environment and Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China.
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71
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Alves Filho EG, Alexandre e Silva LM, Ferreira AG. Advancements in waste water characterization through NMR spectroscopy: review. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:648-657. [PMID: 25280056 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous organic pollutants that lead to several types of ecosystem damage and threaten human health. Wastewater treatment plants are responsible for the removal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants from the sewage, and because of this function, they play an important role in the protection of human health and the environment. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proven to be a valuable analytical tool as a result of its versatility in characterizing both overall chemical composition as well as individual species in a wide range of mixtures. In addition, NMR can provide physical information (rigidity, dynamics, etc.) as well as permit in depth quantification. Hyphenation with other techniques such as liquid chromatography, solid phase extraction and mass spectrometry creates unprecedented capabilities for the identification of novel and unknown chemical species. Thus, NMR is widely used in the study of different components of wastewater, such as complex organic matter (fulvic and humic acids), sludge and wastewater. This review article summarizes the NMR spectroscopy methods applied in studies of organic pollutants from wastewater to provide an exhaustive review of the literature as well as a guide for readers interested in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenilson G Alves Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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72
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Doolette AL, Smernik RJ. Quantitative analysis of ³¹P NMR spectra of soil extracts--dealing with overlap of broad and sharp signals. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:679-685. [PMID: 25854619 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Solution (31)P NMR analysis following extraction with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is the most widely used method for detailed characterization of soil organic P. However, quantitative analysis of the (31)P NMR spectra is complicated by severe spectral overlap in the monoester region. Various deconvolution procedures have been developed for the task, yet none of these are widely accepted or implemented. In this mini-review, we first describe and compare these varying approaches. We then review approaches to similar issues of spectral overlap in biomedical science applications including NMR-based metabolic profiling and analyzing (31)P magnetic resonance spectra of ex vivo and in vivo intact tissues. The greater maturity and resourcing of this biomedical research means that a wider variety of approaches has been developed. Of particular relevance are approaches to dealing with overlap of broad and sharp signals. Although the existence of this problem is still debated in the context of soil analyses, not only is it well-recognized in biomedical applications, but multiple approaches have been developed to deal with it, including T2 editing and time-domain fitting. Perhaps the most transferable concept is the incorporation of 'prior knowledge' in the fitting of spectra. This is well established in biomedical applications but barely touched in soil analyses. We argue that shortcuts to dealing with overlap in the monoester region (31)P NMR soil spectra are likely to be found in the biomedical literature, although some degree of adaptation will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlea L Doolette
- Soils Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Ronald J Smernik
- Soils Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
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73
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Zhou B, Vogt RD, Lu X, Yang X, Lü C, Mohr CW, Zhu L. Land use as an explanatory factor for potential phosphorus loss risk, assessed by P indices and their governing parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:1443-1454. [PMID: 26151813 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The total level of phosphorus (P) and the distribution of P pools in the topsoil are significantly affected by the excessive application of mineral and organic fertilizers connected with intensive agriculture. This leads to an increased potential risk for P loss, and then contributes to freshwater eutrophication. Soil test P (STP), P sorption index (PSI) and degree of P saturation (DPS) are commonly applied as proxies for assessing the risk of P loss. Although conceptually based, the empirical relationships between these operationally defined proxies and the actual P flux exhibit large spatial variations. Herein, a comprehensive synoptic study and monitoring of soil has been conducted in a watershed in north-eastern China. A set of conventional indicators for soil P loss risk were measured along with the main P pools, P sorption indices, texture, organic matter, as well as Fe and Al oxides and other mineral compositions. Moreover, detailed soil P speciation was conducted using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, phosphatase activities in the soils were determined for each land use soil category. The results reflected that the soil content of total P, total inorganic P and STP increased significantly following the order of increasing management intensity. STP, being strongly coupled to the application of P fertilizers, was a strong explanatory factor for the spatial differences in DPS - both between and within different land uses. The dominant inorganic and organic P species in the soils were orthophosphate and monoester-P, respectively. Their contents were oppositely correlated with the degree of management influence, with the amount of orthophosphate positively related. Alkaline phosphomonoesterase (AlP) represented the highest activities among the four representative phosphatases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyze organic P - releasing labile orthophosphate. Orchard soils were found to contain the highest levels of monoester P as well as high AlP activities. This indicates a strong capacity to produce labile orthophosphate. Our results suggest that the type of land use can be employed as a general explanatory factor for considering the potential high risk of loss of P. Regionalized P loss parameters will further improve the accuracy of risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315, Norway.
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74
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Giles CD, Lee LG, Cade-Menun BJ, Hill JE, Isles PDF, Schroth AW, Druschel GK. Characterization of Organic Phosphorus Form and Bioavailability in Lake Sediments using P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Enzymatic Hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:882-894. [PMID: 26024268 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.06.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lake sediments are known to be a significant source of phosphorus (P) to plankton populations under certain biogeochemical conditions; however, the contribution of sediment organic P (P) to internal P loads remains poorly understood. We investigated P speciation and bioavailability in sediments collected over multiple months from a shallow, eutrophic bay in Lake Champlain (Missisquoi Bay, VT) using solution P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) analysis of sediments collected during years with (2008) and without (2007) algal blooms. Sediments collected during bloom onset (July) and peak bloom (August) months contained the largest proportion of enzyme-labile P, whereas pre- and postbloom sediments were primarily composed of nonlabile P. Monoester P to diester P ratios changed with respect to depth, particularly during bloom periods. Monoester P and DNA accumulation, likely from settling particulate matter, began at the onset of the bloom and continued into October 2008 during the postbloom period. The disappearance of inositol hexakisphosphate stereoisomers and the generation of orthophosphate at lower sediment depths was also evident in August 2008. Principal components analysis of EH and NMR species proportions confirmed differences between sediment cores collected during bloom onset and peak bloom, compared with pre- and postbloom sediments. Large enzyme-labile and P species proportions corresponded to increased sediment P flux and reduced manganese and iron species in porewater. These findings suggest that interseasonal changes in P speciation may influence P mobility in sediments and contribute to important feedback dynamics between biological productivity and sediment water interface geochemistry.
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75
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Kruse J, Abraham M, Amelung W, Baum C, Bol R, Kühn O, Lewandowski H, Niederberger J, Oelmann Y, Rüger C, Santner J, Siebers M, Siebers N, Spohn M, Vestergren J, Vogts A, Leinweber P. Innovative methods in soil phosphorus research: A review. JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE = ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE 2015; 178:43-88. [PMID: 26167132 PMCID: PMC4497464 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201400327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for all life on Earth and, during the past decade, concerns about the future of its global supply have stimulated much research on soil P and method development. This review provides an overview of advanced state-of-the-art methods currently used in soil P research. These involve bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic and spectrometric P speciation methods (1 and 2D NMR, IR, Raman, Q-TOF MS/MS, high resolution-MS, NanoSIMS, XRF, XPS, (µ)XAS) as well as methods for assessing soil P reactions (sorption isotherms, quantum-chemical modeling, microbial biomass P, enzymes activity, DGT, 33P isotopic exchange, 18O isotope ratios). Required experimental set-ups and the potentials and limitations of individual methods present a guide for the selection of most suitable methods or combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kruse
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of BonnNussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marion Abraham
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchSeestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wulf Amelung
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of BonnNussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christel Baum
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Roland Bol
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of RostockWismarsche Straße 43–45,18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans Lewandowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Niederberger
- Chair of Silviculture, Albert Ludwig University FreiburgTennenbacherstraße 4, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Geosciences, University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19–23.72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Rüger
- Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of RostockDr.-Lorenzweg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jakob Santner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Meike Siebers
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of BonnKarlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Siebers
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marie Spohn
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University BayreuthDr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1–3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johan Vestergren
- Chemistry, Umeå University, Kemi A, plan 4, Linnaeus väg10 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Angela Vogts
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchSeestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Leinweber
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany e-mail:
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76
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Li W, Joshi SR, Hou G, Burdige DJ, Sparks DL, Jaisi DP. Characterizing phosphorus speciation of Chesapeake Bay sediments using chemical extraction, 31P NMR, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:203-211. [PMID: 25469633 DOI: 10.1021/es504648d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient contamination has been one of the lingering issues in the Chesapeake Bay because the bay restoration is complicated by temporally and seasonally variable nutrient sources and complex interaction between imported and regenerated nutrients. Differential reactivity of sedimentary phosphorus (P) pools in response to imposed biogeochemical conditions can record past sediment history and therefore a detailed sediment P speciation may provide information on P cycling particularly the stability of a P pool and the formation of one pool at the expense of another. This study examined sediment P speciation from three sites in the Chesapeake Bay: (i) a North site in the upstream bay, (ii) a middle site in the central bay dominated by seasonally hypoxic bottom water, and (iii) a South site at the bay-ocean boundary using a combination of sequential P extraction (SEDEX) and spectroscopic techniques, including (31)P NMR, P X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and Fe extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Results from sequential P extraction reveal that sediment P is composed predominantly of ferric Fe-bound P and authigenic P, which was further confirmed by solid-state (31)P NMR, XANES, and EXAFS analyses. Additionally, solution (31)P NMR results show that the sediments from the middle site contain high amounts of organic P such as monoesters and diesters, compared to the other two sites, but that these compounds rapidly decrease with sediment depth indicating remineralized P could have precipitated as authigenic P. Fe EXAFS enabled to identify the changes in Fe mineral composition and P sinks in response to imposed redox condition in the middle site sediments. The presence of lepidocrocite, vermiculite, and Fe smectite in the middle site sediments indicates that some ferric Fe minerals can still be present along with pyrite and vivianite, and that ferric Fe-bound P pool can be a major P sink in anoxic sediments. These results provide improved insights into sediment P dynamics, particularly the rapid remineralization of organic P and the stability of Fe minerals and the ferric Fe-bound P pool in anoxic sediments in the Chesapeake Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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77
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Yuan HZ, Pan W, Ren LJ, Liu EF, Shen J, Geng QF, An SQ. Species and biogeochemical cycles of organic phosphorus in sediments from a river with different aquatic plants located in Huaihe River Watershed, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:215-221. [PMID: 25397978 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.876969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The results of phosphorus fractionation in the sediments from a contaminated river containing different aquatic plants, analyzed by solution 31P-NMR for Organic Phosphorus, showed that the concentration of Inorganic Phosphorus dominated in all species and Organic Phosphorus accounted for over 20% of Total Phosphorus. In general, orthophosphate was dominant in all the sampling sites. The proportion of Organic Phosphorus accounting for the Total Phosphorus in the sediments with different plant decreased in the following order: Paspalum distichum>Typha orientalis>Hydrilla verticillata. Phosphorus-accumulation ability of Paspalum distichum was obviously stronger than Typha orientalis and Hydrilla verticillata. The Organic Phosphorus was in aquatic plants dominated by humic-associated P (Hu-P), which converted to Inorganic Ohosphorus more significantly in submerged plants than in emerged plants. The sediment dominated by Paspalum distichum abundantly accumulated Organic Phosphorus in the orthophosphate monoester fraction. The degradation and mineralization of orthophosphate monoester was the important source of high Inorganic Phosphorus concentration and net primary productivity in Suoxu River. The Organic Phosphorus derived from Typha orientalis and Hydrilla verticillata was dramatically converted to Inorganic Phosphorus when the environmental factors varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhong Yuan
- a School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology , Nanjing University , Nanjing , P. R. China
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78
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Huang W, Cai W, Huang H, Lei Z, Zhang Z, Tay JH, Lee DJ. Identification of inorganic and organic species of phosphorus and its bio-availability in nitrifying aerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:423-431. [PMID: 25462749 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from sewage sludge is necessary for a sustainable development of the environment and thus the society due to gradual depletion of non-renewable P resources. Aerobic granular sludge is a promising biotechnology for wastewater treatment, which could achieve P-rich granules during simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes. This study aimed to disclose the changes in inorganic and organic P species and their correlation with P mobility and bio-availability in aerobic granules. Two identical square reactors were used to cultivate aerobic granules, which were operated for 120 days with influent ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N) of 100 mg/L before day 60 and then increased to 200 mg/L during the subsequent 60 days (chemical oxygen demand (COD) was kept constant at 600 mg/L). The aerobic granules exhibited excellent COD removal and nitrification efficiency. Results showed that inorganic P (IP) was about 61.4-67.7% of total P (TP) and non-apatite inorganic P (NAIP) occupied 61.9-70.2% of IP in the granules. The enrichment amount of NAIP and apatite P (AP) in the granules had strongly positive relationship with the contents of metal ions, i.e. Fe and Ca, respectively accumulated in the granules. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and solution index calculation demonstrated that hydroxyapatite (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)) and iron phosphate (Fe₇(PO₄)₆) were the major P minerals in the granules. Organic P (OP) content maintained around 7.5 mg per gram of biomass in the aerobic granules during the 120 days' operation. Monoester phosphate (21.8% of TP in extract), diester phosphate (1.8%) and phosphonate (0.1%) were identified as OP species by Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (³¹P NMR). The proportion of NAIP + OP to TP was about 80% in the granules, implying high potentially mobile and bio-available P was stored in the nitrifying aerobic granules. The present results provide a new insight into the characteristics of P species in aerobic granules, which could be helpful for developing P removal and recovery techniques through biological wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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79
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Zhang W, Shan B, Zhang H, Tang W. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance assignments of biogenic phosphorus compounds in sediment of an artificial Fuyangxin River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3803-3812. [PMID: 24288060 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
River eutrophication could drastically influence the phosphorus (P) in the water and sediment. To understand the biogenic-P species, distribution and bioconversion, five sediment samples were collected from an artificial river, and analyzed by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P-NMR). The P pollution in the water and sediment were both severe. The average concentrations of total P (TP) and solution reactive phosphorus in the water were 3.0 and 2.6 mg L(-1), respectively, which surpass grade V of the national quality standard (China) and should not be used for any purpose. The river sediments accumulated significant inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and organic phosphorus (Po); in the P fractionation, the rank order of the P fractions was as follows: Ca-P > NaOH-Pi > Res-P > KCl-P > NaOH-Po, with average relative proportions of 25.1:16.8:6.6:1.7:1:0. Six P compounds were detected in the NaOH-EDTA extract by (31)P-NMR. Mono-P (8.96-29.58 %) was the dominant forms of biogenic-P, and other smaller fractions of biogenic-P were also observed, including pyro-P (0.22-0.86 %), DNA-P (0.75-2.03 %), phon-P (0-1.57 %), and lipids-P (0-2.66 %). The TP and biogenic-P decreased along the direction of flows, with their average relative proportions 7.97:1.20:1.49:1.00:1.00 and 40.87:2.34:3.46:1.60:1 from the upstream to downstream, respectively. The concentration and species of Po in NaOH-Po were lower than found in (31)P-NMR analysis in this research. Thus, the use of 0.25 M NaOH and 50 mM EDTA extracts and solution (31)P-NMR analysis was a more accurate method for quantifying biogenic-P in the river sediments than P fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China
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80
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Wang J. Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) Impact on Water Quality and Environmental Ecosystem in the Harlem River. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2014.513131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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81
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Jin CW, Du ST, Dong WY, Wang JH, Shen C, Zhang YS. Aquatic plant debris improve phosphorus sorption into sediment under anoxic condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8237-8244. [PMID: 23686758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of plant debris on phosphorus sorption by anoxic sediment were investigated. Addition of plant debris significantly enhanced the decrease of soluble relative phosphorus (SRP) in overlying water at both 10 and 30 °C during the 30-day investigation. Both cellulose and glucose, two typical plant components, also clearly enhanced the SRP decrease in anoxic overlying water. The measurement of phosphorus (P) fractions in sediment revealed that the levels of unstable P forms were decreased by plant debris addition, whereas the opposites were true for stable P forms. However, under sterilized condition, plant debris/glucose addition has no effect on the SRP decrease in overlying water. Overall, our results suggested that plant debris improve P sorption into sediment under anoxic condition through a microorganism-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Wei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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82
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Jia Z, Wang Q, Liu J, Xu L, Zhu R. Effective removal of phosphate from aqueous solution using mesoporous rodlike NiFe2O4 as magnetically separable adsorbent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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83
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Zhang R, Wang L, Wu F, Song B. Phosphorus speciation in the sediment profile of Lake Erhai, southwestern China: fractionation and 31P NMR. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:1124-1130. [PMID: 24191601 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The distribution characteristics of phosphorus (P) forms in the sediment profile of Lake Erhai, in southwestern China has been investigated by sequential extraction and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of NaOH extracts to understand P dynamics and its potential contribution to lake eutrophication. Contents of P fractions varied in the order of NH4Cl extracted P (NH4Cl-P) < bicarbonate-dithionite extracted P (BD-P) < HCl-P, Residual-P < NaOH extracted P (NaOH-P). The highly available NH4Cl-P represented less than 1% of total P (TP). BD-P and NaOH extracted reactive P (NaOH-rP) averaged 39%, while the ratio of Fe/P was higher than 15, indicating low P release from the sediments under permanent oxic condition. The less bio-available HCl-P, NaOH extracted nonreactive P (NaOH-nrP) and residual-P contributed 61% of TP. Regression analysis revealed that BD-P, NaOH-rP and HCl-P were positively correlated with the contents of Fe and Mn, Al and Fe, and Ca, respectively. The investigation of P compound groups in NaOH extracts by 31P NMR showed that ortho-P and monoester-P were the largest two constituents of the P pool, followed by diester-P, phosphonate and pyro-P. A comparison of vertical variations of P groups in the sediment profile suggested that these compounds were involved in the P recycling to different extents in Lake Erhai. In particular, the lake exhibits high potential for labile P release from the surface sediments, which should be taken into consideration even after the outsourced P runoff ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.
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84
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Ding S, Di X, Bai X, Yao S, Fan C, Zhang C. Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu. II. Molecular species and their depth attenuation. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:925-932. [PMID: 24218822 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of organic phosphorus (P) dynamics in sediments requires information on their species at the molecular level, but such information in sediment profiles is scarce. A sediment profile was selected from a large eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu (China), and organic P species in the sediments were detected using solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) following extraction of the sediments with a mixture of 0.25 mol/L NaOH and 50 mmol/L EDTA (NaOH-EDTA) solution. The results showed that P in the NaOH-EDTA extracts was mainly composed of orthophosphate, orthophosphate monoesters, phospholipids, DNA, and pyrophosphate. Concentrations of the major organic P compound groups and pyrophosphate showed a decreasing trend with the increase of depth. Their half-life times varied from 3 to 27 years, following the order of orthophosphate monoesters > phospholipids > or = DNA > pyrophosphate. Principal component analysis revealed that the detected organic P species had binding phases similar to those of humic acid-associated organic P (NaOH-NRP(HA)), a labile organic P pool that tends to transform to recalcitrant organic P pools as the early diagenetic processes proceed. This demonstrated that the depth attenuation of the organic P species could be partly attributed to their increasing immobilization by the sediment solids, while their degradation rates should be significantly lower than what were suggested in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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85
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Xu D, Ding S, Li B, Bai X, Fan C, Zhang C. Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu. I: Chemical forms and their transformation. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:637-644. [PMID: 23923771 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic phosphorus (nonreactive P, NRP) is a major component of P in sediments, but information about its chemical forms and dynamic transformation is limited. The chemical forms and dynamic behaviors of NRP in a sediment profile from Lake Taihu, a freshwater and eutrophic lake in China, were investigated. Five forms of NRP in the sediments were extracted based on a chemical fractionation technique, including easily labile NRP (NaHCO3-NRP), reactive metal oxide-bound NRP (HCl-NRP), humic acid-associated NRP (NaOH-NRP(HA)), fulvic acid-associated NRP (NaOH-NRP(FA)) and residual NRP (Res-TP). There were notable transformations with increasing sediment depth from the labile NaHCO3-NRP and NaOH-NRP pools to the recalcitrant HCl-NRP and Res-TP pools, which caused the NRP to become increasingly recalcitrant as the early diagenetic processes proceeded. Further analyses showed that the relative changes in contents of organic matter and reactive Fe oxides in the sediment profile triggered a competition for binding NRP fractions and led to the transformation of NRP. The results highlighted the importance of abiotic processes in regulating the diagenesis of organic P and its stability in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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86
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Dittrich M, Chesnyuk A, Gudimov A, McCulloch J, Quazi S, Young J, Winter J, Stainsby E, Arhonditsis G. Phosphorus retention in a mesotrophic lake under transient loading conditions: insights from a sediment phosphorus binding form study. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:1433-1447. [PMID: 23290913 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus retention in sediments has been estimated for three basins in Lake Simcoe, a mesotrophic lake in Ontario, Canada. Total phosphorous (TP) fractionation was used to examine the concentration of phosphorus (P) binding forms in the sediments of Cook's Bay, Kempenfelt Bay, and the Main Basin. The extended sequential extractions allowed us to differentiate between organic-, inorganic-, carbonate-bounded and redox-sensitive phosphorus. Our results showed different mechanisms of P release in each of the three investigated basins, which may be linked to their distinct loading histories, present land-uses and morphology of the sampling sites. In the deep Main Basin, where moderate changes in P loading have been induced by deforestation, sediments are not an important long-term source of diagenetically mobile P, as almost 75% of P is released within a short time scale. P release is predominantly generated by a continuous epilimnetic P flux, rather than a large inventory of temporary P stored in the sediments. Diagenesis in the upper sediment layers is fast enough to prevent a large accumulation of temporary P. In the much deeper glacially formed Kempenfelt Bay with a highly urbanized catchment, P release from the sediments is dominated by the redox-sensitive P fraction, representing up to 40% and 57% of long- and short-term sediment P release, respectively. In the shallow and agriculturally-impacted Cook's Bay, the main P binding form that can be mobilized through diagenesis is carbonate-bound P. This fraction contributes 40.1% and 37.6% to the long- and short-term P sediment release, respectively. Although different mechanisms of P release have been revealed for the three basins in Lake Simcoe, the vertical profiles indicate that the sediments throughout the system are still able to bind deposited P.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dittrich
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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87
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Kapanen G. Pool of mobile and immobile phosphorus in sediments of the large, shallow Lake Peipsi over the last 100 years. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:6749-6763. [PMID: 22124585 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Temporal variations in sediment phosphorus (P) composition and mobility were estimated in surface sediments of accumulation (core PS509 44 cm) and erosion (core PS2009 30 cm) areas of the shallow, large Lake Peipsi sensu stricto (s.s.; 2611 km(2), unregulated water level). The P pool in sediments including buried and mobile P is evaluated for the first time, which will provide baseline data for the future modelling of internal loading in L. Peipsi. Five sedimentary P fractions (including inorganic and nonreactive P) were separately quantified: loosely adsorbed and pore-water P (NaCl-P); redox-sensitive fraction P (NaBD-P); P bound to oxides of non-reducible Fe and Al (NaOH-P); calcium-bound P, mainly from apatite minerals (HCl-P) and refractory, mainly organic P (Res-P). Concentrations of P fractions varied during the 100 years with the highest values around 2007-2008 and 1923-1935. The P in "active" layers that are available for bacteria and algae or those undergoing changes and diagenetic transformations in the sediment could follow sediments with the water content of ∼88%. Potentially mobile P is not decreased in the sediments deposited 50-100 years ago and makes up ca 63 mg m(-2) y(-1) (with range 8.3-23.7% of the total P (TP)) in the accumulation area, and ca 0.047 mg cm(-3) (with range 1.3-22.4% of TP) in the erosion area. The result shows that 13-60% of TP contained in the surface sediment (from 34 to 398 mg P m(-2) y(-1)) has been remobilised during accumulation and could be exported to the overlying water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Kapanen
- Institute of Ecology at Tallinn University, Uus-Sadama 5, Tallinn 10120, Estonia.
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88
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Dong L, Yang Z, Liu X, Liu G. Investigation into organic phosphorus species in sediments of Baiyangdian Lake in China measured by fractionation and ³¹P NMR. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5829-5839. [PMID: 22322407 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic phosphorus (OP) species in sediments of the Baiyangdian Lake in China was investigated via fractionation and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) spectroscopy. Results of chemical fractionation showed that different OP fractions ranked in the order: humic acid-P > HCl-OP > fulvic acid-P ≈ NaHCO(3)-OP > residual OP. Labile OP and moderately labile OP, which can be degraded for phytoplankton uptake, contributed to 58.7-68.5% of total extracted OP, indicative of the potential P release from sediments in the lake. (31)P NMR spectroscopy results suggested the rank order of P species present in the NaOH-EDTA extractant of the sediments: orthophosphate > monoester-P > DNA-P > pyrophosphate-P. Phytate, polyphosphates, and phosphonates, which appeared in sediments of some deeper lakes, were not detected in the shallow lake. Significant correlations were identified between total P (TP) in water column and sediment TP, monoester-P and DNA-P, positively indicating that sediment P species, especially OP components, should probably contribute to the contents of P in water column and further to the lake eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Dong
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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89
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Reitzel K, Ahlgren J, Rydin E, Egemose S, Turner BL, Hupfer M. Diagenesis of settling seston: identity and transformations of organic phosphorus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:1098-106. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em10883f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Du ST, Shentu JL, Luo BF, Shamsi IH, Lin XY, Zhang YS, Jin CW. Facilitation of phosphorus adsorption onto sediment by aquatic plant debris. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 191:212-218. [PMID: 21592661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plant debris in lakes or rivers may affect phosphorus flux in water-sediment systems. In this study, either aquatic plant debris or typical plant components (cellulose or glucose), were added into a system of sediment (50 g) and overlying water (2L) with different initial SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus) concentrations to investigate the impact. After 18 days of treatment with 4 g of plant debris, the SRP in the overlying water for 0.5 and 2 mg L(-1) initial SRP tests at 30°C decreased by 41 and 53%, respectively, compared to the treatments without plant debris. Cellulose and glucose treatments gave similar results as plant debris treatment. When the water-sediment system was sterilized, the cellulose- or glucose-facilitated decrease in SRP vanished. Additionally, in the non-sterilized system, the glucose treatment significantly increased both the microbial biomass carbon and the microbial biomass phosphorous in the sediment. Although total phosphorous in the sediment increased with glucose treatment, its water soluble and iron associated inorganic fractions, two labile phosphorus fractions, were clearly reduced. Our results suggest that the short-term retention of plant debris in water systems facilitates a decrease in overlying water SRP through microbe-mediated mechanisms of phosphorus adsorption and stabilization in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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91
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Kizewski F, Liu YT, Morris A, Hesterberg D. Spectroscopic approaches for phosphorus speciation in soils and other environmental systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2011; 40:751-66. [PMID: 21546661 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, environmental scientists have become increasingly involved in developing novel approaches for applying emerging spectroscopic techniques to complex environmental matrices. The objective of this review is to convey the most common chemical species of phosphorus reported for soils, sediments, model systems, and waste materials based on analyses by four spectroscopic techniques: X-ray absorption near-edge structure, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Unique information is provided by each technique at a level of specificity that depends in part on matrix complexity. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques reveal inorganic and organic P species in intact environmental matrices or in chemical extracts, whereas the Fourier transform infrared and Raman techniques can provide more specific bonding information about mineral or adsorbed P species in model analogs of matrix components. The most common P species in soils and sediments as indicated by spectroscopy are hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate minerals, phosphate adsorbed on Fe- and Al-oxides, pyrophosphates and polyphosphates, phosphate mono- and di-esters, and phosphonates. Continued advancements in spectroscopic methods should improve speciation-based models of P mobilization and transformations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Kizewski
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
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92
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Ahlgren J, Reitzel K, De Brabandere H, Gogoll A, Rydin E. Release of organic P forms from lake sediments. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:565-572. [PMID: 20947118 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different physical and chemical conditions on the decomposition and release of organic and inorganic P compound groups from the sediment of Lake Erken were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Conditions investigated were temperature, oxygen level, and the effects of additions of carbon substrate (glucose) and poison (formalin). The effects on the P compound groups were determined by measurements with (31)P NMR before and after the experiments, as well as analysis of P in effluent water throughout the experiment. Phosphate analysis of the effluent water showed that oxygen level was the most influential in terms of release rates, with the sediments under anoxic conditions generally releasing more phosphate than the other treatments. (31)P NMR showed that the various treatments did influence the P compound group composition of the sediment. In particular, the addition of glucose led to a decrease in orthophosphate and polyphosphate while the addition of formalin led to a decrease in phosphorus lipids, DNA-phosphate and polyphosphate. Oxic conditions resulted in an increase in polyphosphates, and anoxic conditions in a decrease in these. Temperature did not seem to affect the composition significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahlgren
- Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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93
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Huo S, Zan F, Xi B, Li Q, Zhang J. Phosphorus fractionation in different trophic sediments of lakes from different regions, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:1088-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c0em00696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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94
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Wang J, Pant HK. Identification of organic phosphorus compounds in the Bronx River bed sediments by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 171:309-319. [PMID: 20013049 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sediment characteristics influence the distribution and bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in rivers and lakes. The objectives of this study were to identify P compounds in sediments collected from 15 sites along the Bronx River to get insights on nutrient transport for management of highly variable and modified ecosystems such as the Bronx River. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that the dominant P species in Bronx River bed sediments are orthophosphate monoester and lesser phosphate diesters and pyrophosphates (pyro-P). The P compounds were mostly glycerophosphate, nucleoside monophosphates, and polynucleotides. A few sites showed a small amount of dihydroxyacetone phosphate, inosine monophosphate. By allowing a downstream comparison of P compound variations along the Bronx River, this study provides a step toward improving water quality in an urban river system such as New York City and helps to assess the bioavailability of P, in turn, design estuary habitat restoration projects in comparable region of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Geographic and Geological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. W., Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
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95
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Ding S, Bai X, Fan C, Zhang L. Caution needed in pretreatment of sediments for refining phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis: results from a comprehensive assessment of pretreatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2010; 39:1668-1678. [PMID: 21043272 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2009.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment with chemicals such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is often used to improve the analysis of sediment P with solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (35P-NMR), but there is a lack of a comprehensive assessment of the methodology. In this study, the effects of EDTA pretreatment on sediment P extracted using a mixture of 0.25 mol L(-1) NaOH and 50 mmol L(-1) EDTA (NaOH-EDTA) were examined with 45 different sediments. The results showed that EDTA pre-extraction decreased the amount of P extracted by NaOH-EDTA when the concentration ratio of sediment Ca to the sum of sediment Fe and Al [Ca/(Fe+Al), on a wt/vol basis] was lower than 0.4. An increase in total extracted P, coupled with substantial increases in total extracted paramagnetic ions such as Fe and Mn, was observed for another group of sediments with Ca/(Fe+Al) > 0.5, possibly due to the matrix effect. Analysis of 16 representative sediments with 31P-NMR showed that orthophosphate diesters were substantially removed by EDTA pre-extraction for sediments with Ca/ (Fe+Al) between 0.4 and 0.7, reflecting a high risk posed by this pretreatment. Phosphorus diversity and concentration of individual P compounds were markedly improved for sediments with Ca/(Fe+Al) > 0.7, suggesting that EDTA pretreatment was particularly useful for 31P-NMR analysis of calcareous sediments. The present study showed that sediment properties played an important role in determining pretreatment effects. Caution is advised when applying pretreatment methods to different sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShiMing Ding
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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96
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Diaz JM, Ingall ED. Fluorometric quantification of natural inorganic polyphosphate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:4665-4671. [PMID: 20507063 DOI: 10.1021/es100191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate, a linear polymer of orthophosphate, is abundant in the environment and a key component in wastewater treatment and many bioremediation processes. Despite the broad relevance of polyphosphate, current methods to quantify it possess significant disadvantages. Here, we describe a new approach for the direct quantification of inorganic polyphosphate in complex natural samples. The protocol relies on the interaction between the fluorochrome 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and dissolved polyphosphate. With the DAPI-based approach we describe, polyphosphate can be quantified at concentrations ranging from 0.5-3 microM P in a neutral-buffered freshwater matrix with an accuracy of +/-0.03 microM P. The patterns of polyphosphate concentration versus fluorescence yielded by standards exhibit no chain length dependence across polyphosphates ranging from 15-130 phosphorus units in size. Shorter length polyphosphate molecules (e.g., polyphosphate of three and five phosphorus units in length) contribute little to no signal in this approach, as these molecules react only slightly or not at all with DAPI in the concentration range tested. The presence of salt suppresses fluorescence from intermediate polyphosphate chain lengths (e.g., 15 phosphorus units) at polyphosphate concentrations ranging from 0.5-3 microM P. For longer chain lengths (e.g., 45-130 phosphorus units), this salt interference is not evident at conductivities up to approximately 10mS/cm. Our results indicate that standard polyphosphates should be stored frozen for no longer than 10-15 days to avoid inconsistent results associated with standard degradation. We have applied the fluorometric protocol to the analysis of five well-characterized natural samples to demonstrate the use of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Diaz
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, USA.
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97
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Ding S, Xu D, Li B, Fan C, Zhang C. Improvement of (31)P NMR spectral resolution by 8-hydroxyquinoline precipitation of paramagnetic Fe and Mn in environmental samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2555-2561. [PMID: 20201571 DOI: 10.1021/es903558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Solution (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is currently the main method for the characterization of phosphorus (P) forms in environment samples. However, identification and quantification of P compounds may be hampered by poor resolution of spectra caused by paramagnetic Fe and Mn. In this study, a novel technique was developed to improve spectral resolution by removing paramagnetic Fe and Mn from alkaline extracts via 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HOQ) precipitation. Batch experiments showed that both Fe and Mn were effectively removed by the precipitation at pH 9.0, with the removal efficiencies of 83-91% for Fe and 67-78% for Mn from the extracts of five different environmental samples, while little effect was found on concentration of total P. The (31)P NMR analysis of a model P solution showed that addition of 8-HOQ and its precipitation with metal ions did not alter P forms. Further analyses of the five extracts with (31)P NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that the 8-HOQ precipitation was an ideal method compared with the present postextraction techniques, such as bicarbonate dithionate (BD), EDTA and Chelex-100 treatments, by improving spectral resolution to a large extent with no detrimental effects on P forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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98
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Fengchang WU, Xiangcan JIN, Runyu ZHANG, Haiqing LIAO, Shengrui WANG, Xia JIANG, Liying WANG, Jianyang GUO, Wen LI, Xiaoli ZHAO. Effects and significance of organic nitrogen and phosphorous in the lake aquatic environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.18307/2010.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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99
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Bai X, Ding S, Fan C, Liu T, Shi D, Zhang L. Organic phosphorus species in surface sediments of a large, shallow, eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:2507-2513. [PMID: 19345456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic phosphorus (P) fractions in surface sediments from a large shallow, eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, were extracted with 0.1 M NaOH after pre-treatment of the sediments with a solution composed of 0.1 M EDTA and 2% (w/v) Na(2)S(2)O(4). Composition of organic P in the extracts was then characterized by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P NMR). Several P species, including phosphonates, orthophosphate, orthophosphate monoesters, phospholipids, DNA, pyrophosphate and polyphosphate, were detected in the NaOH extracts. The proportion of extracted organic P to total P in sediments was negatively correlated with total P in the water column, as were the proportions for orthophosphate monoesters and DNA. This implies that the majority of organic P in surface sediments is likely stabilized in some way, and does not directly contribute to the internal loading of P from sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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100
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Reitzel K, Jensen HS, Flindt M, Andersen FØ. Identification of dissolved nonreactive phosphorus in freshwater by precipitation with aluminum and subsequent 31P NMR analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5391-5397. [PMID: 19708371 DOI: 10.1021/es900994m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Little information exists on nonreactive phosphorus (nrP) in the water column, because the concentration is much lower than that in the sediment. Here we present a novel method for up-concentration and identification of nrP in lake water: nrP is precipitated with poly aluminum chloride and the precipitate is subsequently recovered and dissolved by NaOH. Additional up-concentration by rotary evaporation increases P concentrations up to 5500 times. Furthermore, there is only a low up-concentration of paramagnetic metals. The method is sensitive and easy to use. Bottom water from five Danish lakes was sampled in autumn 2008 and in four of the five lakes orthophosphate monoesters constituted the largest fraction of nrP (50-86%), whereas DNA-P was the largest fraction in the fifth lake (67%). The pyro-P/poly-P concentration varied between 0 and 33% of nrP in the lakes. Thus, most of the P compounds usually found in lake sediments were also found in the bottom water of these lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Reitzel
- Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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