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Schröder S, Scheunemann M, Wenzel B, Brust P. Challenges on Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography: Novel Radioligands and (Pre-)Clinical Insights since 2016. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083832. [PMID: 33917199 PMCID: PMC8068090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) represent one of the key targets in the research field of intracellular signaling related to the second messenger molecules cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Hence, non-invasive imaging of this enzyme class by positron emission tomography (PET) using appropriate isoform-selective PDE radioligands is gaining importance. This methodology enables the in vivo diagnosis and staging of numerous diseases associated with altered PDE density or activity in the periphery and the central nervous system as well as the translational evaluation of novel PDE inhibitors as therapeutics. In this follow-up review, we summarize the efforts in the development of novel PDE radioligands and highlight (pre-)clinical insights from PET studies using already known PDE radioligands since 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schröder
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4631
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (B.W.); (P.B.)
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Hattori Y, Matsuda S, Baba R, Matsumiya K, Iwasaki S, Constantinescu CC, Morley TJ, Carroll VM, Papin C, Gouasmat A, Alagille D, Tamagnan G, Koike T. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of (2-Aminocyclopropyl)phenyl Derivatives as Novel Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agents for Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 in the Brain. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3780-3793. [PMID: 33729758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) determines the methylation status of H3K4 through flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-mediated histone demethylation. Therefore, LSD1 inhibition in the brain can be a novel therapeutic option for treating these disorders. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of LSD1 allows for investigating LSD1 expression levels under normal and disease conditions and validating target engagement of therapeutic LSD1 inhibitors. This study designed and synthesized (2-aminocyclopropyl)phenyl derivatives with irreversible binding to LSD1 as PET imaging agents for LSD1 in the brain. We optimized lipophilicity of the lead compound to minimize the risk of nonspecific binding and identified 1e with high selectivity over monoamine oxidase A and B, which are a family of FAD-dependent enzymes homologous to LSD1. PET imaging in a monkey showed a high uptake of [18F]1e to regions enriched with LSD1, indicating its specific binding to LSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hattori
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Rina Baba
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kouta Matsumiya
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Iwasaki
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | | | - Thomas J Morley
- Invicro LLC, 60 Temple Street, Suite 8A, New Haven, Connecticut 06518, United States
| | - Vincent M Carroll
- Invicro LLC, 60 Temple Street, Suite 8A, New Haven, Connecticut 06518, United States
| | - Caroline Papin
- Invicro LLC, 60 Temple Street, Suite 8A, New Haven, Connecticut 06518, United States
| | - Alexandra Gouasmat
- Invicro LLC, 60 Temple Street, Suite 8A, New Haven, Connecticut 06518, United States
| | - David Alagille
- XingImaging LLC, 760 Temple Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Gilles Tamagnan
- XingImaging LLC, 760 Temple Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Tatsuki Koike
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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53
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Abrahamson EE, Stehouwer JS, Vazquez AL, Huang GF, Mason NS, Lopresti BJ, Klunk WE, Mathis CA, Ikonomovic MD. Development of a PET radioligand selective for cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:85-96. [PMID: 32471773 PMCID: PMC8788879 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Positron emission tomography (PET) using radiolabeled amyloid-binding compounds has advanced the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by enabling detection and longitudinal tracking of fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in living people. However, this technique cannot distinguish between Aβ deposits in brain parenchyma (amyloid plaques) from those in blood vessels (cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA). Development of a PET radioligand capable of selectively detecting CAA would help clarify its contribution to global brain amyloidosis and clinical symptoms in AD and would help to characterize side-effects of anti-Aβ immunotherapies in AD patients, such as CAA. METHODS A candidate CAA-selective compound (1) from a panel of analogues of the amyloid-binding dye Congo red was synthesized. The binding affinity to Aβ fibrils and lipophilicity of compound 1 were determined and selectivity for CAA versus parenchymal plaque deposits was assessed ex-vivo and in-vivo in transgenic APP/PS1 mice and in postmortem human brain affected with AD pathology. RESULTS Compound 1 displays characteristics of Aβ binding dyes, such as thioflavin-S, in that it labels both parenchymal Aβ plaques and CAA when applied to histological sections from both a transgenic APP/PS1 mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis and AD brain. Thus, compound 1 lacks molecular selectivity to distinguish Aβ deposits in CAA from those in plaques. However, when administered to living APP/PS1 mice intravenously, compound 1 preferentially labels CAA when assessed using in-vivo two-photon microscopy and ex-vivo histology and autoradiography. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that selectivity of compound 1 for CAA is attributable to its limited penetration of the blood-brain barrier due to the highly polar nature of the carboxylate moiety, thereby limiting access to parenchymal plaques and promoting selective in-vivo labeling of Aβ deposits in the vascular wall (i.e., "delivery selectivity").
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Abrahamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh HS, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Guo-Feng Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh HS, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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54
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Kuebler L, Buss S, Leonov A, Ryazanov S, Schmidt F, Maurer A, Weckbecker D, Landau AM, Lillethorup TP, Bleher D, Saw RS, Pichler BJ, Griesinger C, Giese A, Herfert K. [ 11C]MODAG-001-towards a PET tracer targeting α-synuclein aggregates. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:1759-1772. [PMID: 33369690 PMCID: PMC8113290 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Deposition of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSYN) aggregates in the human brain is one of the major hallmarks of synucleinopathies. However, a target-specific tracer to detect pathological aggregates of αSYN remains lacking. Here, we report the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer based on anle138b, a compound shown to have therapeutic activity in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Specificity and selectivity of [3H]MODAG-001 were tested in in vitro binding assays using recombinant fibrils. After carbon-11 radiolabeling, the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile was determined in mice. Specific binding was quantified in rats, inoculated with αSYN fibrils and using in vitro autoradiography in human brain sections of Lewy body dementia (LBD) cases provided by the Neurobiobank Munich (NBM). Results [3H]MODAG-001 revealed a very high affinity towards pure αSYN fibrils (Kd = 0.6 ± 0.1 nM) and only a moderate affinity to hTau46 fibrils (Kd = 19 ± 6.4 nM) as well as amyloid-β1–42 fibrils (Kd = 20 ± 10 nM). [11C]MODAG-001 showed an excellent ability to penetrate the mouse brain. Metabolic degradation was present, but the stability of the parent compound improved after selective deuteration of the precursor. (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 binding was confirmed in fibril-inoculated rat striata using in vivo PET imaging. In vitro autoradiography showed no detectable binding to aggregated αSYN in human brain sections of LBD cases, most likely, because of the low abundance of aggregated αSYN against background protein. Conclusion MODAG-001 provides a promising lead structure for future compound development as it combines a high affinity and good selectivity in fibril-binding assays with suitable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-020-05133-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuebler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Buss
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany.,Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany.,Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Schmidt
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Norrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens 165, J109, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea P Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens 165, J109, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Bleher
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ran Sing Saw
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,University Göttingen, Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging Molecular Machines, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Armin Giese
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany.
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Fragment-based labeling using condensation reactions of six potential 5-HT7R PET tracers. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fuchigami T, Kawasaki M, Watanabe H, Nakagaki T, Nishi K, Sano K, Atarashi R, Nakaie M, Yoshida S, Ono M, Nishida N, Nakayama M. Feasibility studies of radioiodinated pyridyl benzofuran derivatives as potential SPECT imaging agents for prion deposits in the brain. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 90-91:41-48. [PMID: 32979726 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the deposition of abnormal prion protein aggregates (PrPSc) in the central nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the use of iodinated pyridyl benzofuran (IPBF) derivatives as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) probes for the detection of cerebral PrPSc deposits. METHODS In vitro binding assays of IPBF derivatives were carried out in the recombinant mouse prion protein (rMoPrP) and brain sections of mouse-adapted bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mBSE)-infected mice. SPECT imaging of 5-(5-[123I]iodobenzofuran-2-yl)-N-methylpyridin-2-amine ([123I]IPBF-NHMe) was performed on mBSE-infected and mock-infected mice. RESULTS Fluorescence microscopy results showed that fluorescence signals of IPBF derivatives corresponded to the thioflavin-T positive amyloid deposits of PrPSc in the brain sections of mouse-adapted bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mBSE)-infected mice. Among the IPBF derivatives, 5-(5-iodobenzofuran-2-yl)-N-methylpyridin-2-amine (IPBF-NHMe) exhibited the highest binding affinity to the recombinant mouse prion protein (rMoPrP) aggregates with a Ki of 14.3 nM. SPECT/computed tomography (CT) imaging and ex vivo autoradiography demonstrated that the [123I]IPBF-NHMe distribution in brain tissues of mBSE-infected mice co-localized with PrPSc deposits. CONCLUSION [123I]IPBF-NHMe appears to be a prospective SPECT tracer for monitoring prion deposits in living brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fuchigami
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Masao Kawasaki
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakagaki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kodai Nishi
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Atarashi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Mari Nakaie
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Sakura Yoshida
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Morio Nakayama
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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Gabellieri E, Capotosti F, Molette J, Sreenivasachary N, Mueller A, Berndt M, Schieferstein H, Juergens T, Varisco Y, Oden F, Schmitt-Willich H, Hickman D, Dinkelborg L, Stephens A, Pfeifer A, Kroth H. Discovery of 2-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)piperidin-1-yl)-9-methyl-9H-pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5-c']dipyridine ([18F]PI-2014) as PET tracer for the detection of pathological aggregated tau in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112615. [PMID: 32771872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The compound screening was initiated with a direct staining assay to identify compounds binding to Tau aggregates and not Abeta plaques using human brain sections derived from late stage Alzheimer's disease donors. The binding of Tau aggregate selective compounds was then quantitatively assessed with human brain derived paired helical filaments utilizing the label-free Back Scattering Interferometry assay. In vivo biodistribution experiments of selected fluorine-18 labeled compounds were performed in mice to assess brain uptake, brain washout, and defluorination. Compound 11 emerged as the most promising candidate, displaying high in vitro binding affinity and selectivity to neurofibrillary tangles. Fluorine-18 labeled compound 11 showed high brain uptake and rapid washout from the mouse brain with no observed bone uptake. Furthermore, compound 11 was able to detect Tau aggregates in tauopathy brain sections from corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Pick's disease donors. Thus, 2-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)piperidin-1-yl)-9-methyl-9H-pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5-c']dipyridine (PI-2014, compound 11) was selected for characterization in a first-in-human study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerome Molette
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andre Mueller
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Berndt
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanno Schieferstein
- Formerly Piramal Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany; Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tanja Juergens
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Varisco
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Oden
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David Hickman
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludger Dinkelborg
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Tegeler Strasse 6-7, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Kroth
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building B, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Chen Z, Hou L, Gan J, Cai Q, Ye W, Chen J, Tan Z, Zheng C, Li G, Xu H, Fowler CJ, Liang SH, Wang L. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for imaging fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127513. [PMID: 32860981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) exerts its main function in the catabolism of the endogenous chemical messenger anandamide (AEA), thus modulating the endocannabinoid (eCB) pathway. Inhibition of FAAH may serve as an effective strategy to relieve anxiety and possibly other central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. Positron emission tomography (PET) would facilitate us to better understand the relationship between FAAH in certain disease conditions, and accelerate clinical translation of FAAH inhibitors by providing in vivo quantitative information. So far, most PET tracers show irreversible binding patterns with FAAH, which would result in complicated quantitative processes. Herein, we have identified a new FAAH inhibitor (1-((1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl)piperidin-4-yl)(oxazol-2-yl)methanone (8) which inhibits the hydrolysis of AEA in the brain with high potency (IC50 value 11 nM at a substrate concentration of 0.5 µM), and without showing time-dependency. The PET tracer [11C]8 (also called [11C]FAAH-1906) was successfully radiolabeled with [11C]MeI in 17 ± 6% decay-corrected radiochemical yield (n = 7) with >74.0 GBq/μmol (2 Ci/μmol) molar activity and >99% radiochemical purity. Ex vivo biodistribution and blocking studies of [11C]8 in normal mice were also conducted, indicating good brain penetration, high brain target selectivity, and modest to excellent target selectivity in peripheral tissues. Thus, [11C]8 is a potentially useful PET ligand with enzyme inhibitory and target binding properties consistent with a reversible mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lu Hou
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiefeng Gan
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qijun Cai
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Weijian Ye
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Guocong Li
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Liu L, Prime ME, Lee MR, Khetarpal V, Brown CJ, Johnson PD, Miranda-Azpiazu P, Chen X, Clark-Frew D, Coe S, Davis R, Dickie A, Ebneth A, Esposito S, Gadouleau E, Gai X, Galan S, Green S, Greenaway C, Giles P, Halldin C, Hayes S, Herbst T, Herrmann F, Heßmann M, Jia Z, Kiselyov A, Kotey A, Krulle T, Mangette JE, Marston RW, Menta S, Mills MR, Monteagudo E, Nag S, Nibbio M, Orsatti L, Schaertl S, Scheich C, Sproston J, Stepanov V, Svedberg M, Takano A, Taylor M, Thomas W, Toth M, Vaidya D, Vanräs K, Weddell D, Wigginton I, Wityak J, Mrzljak L, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Bard JA, Dominguez C. Imaging Mutant Huntingtin Aggregates: Development of a Potential PET Ligand. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8608-8633. [PMID: 32662649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein carrying the elongated N-terminal polyglutamine (polyQ) tract misfolds and forms protein aggregates characteristic of Huntington's disease (HD) pathology. A high-affinity ligand specific for mHTT aggregates could serve as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarker for HD therapeutic development and disease progression. To identify such compounds with binding affinity for polyQ aggregates, we embarked on systematic structural activity studies; lead optimization of aggregate-binding affinity, unbound fractions in brain, permeability, and low efflux culminated in the discovery of compound 1, which exhibited target engagement in autoradiography (ARG) studies in brain slices from HD mouse models and postmortem human HD samples. PET imaging studies with 11C-labeled 1 in both HD mice and WT nonhuman primates (NHPs) demonstrated that the right-hand-side labeled ligand [11C]-1R (CHDI-180R) is a suitable PET tracer for imaging of mHTT aggregates. [11C]-1R is now being advanced to human trials as a first-in-class HD PET radiotracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Liu
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Michael E Prime
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Matt R Lee
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Vinod Khetarpal
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Peter D Johnson
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Patricia Miranda-Azpiazu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main St., Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Daniel Clark-Frew
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Samuel Coe
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Randall Davis
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main St., Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Anthony Dickie
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Andreas Ebneth
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Simone Esposito
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30, 600, 00071 Pomezia (RM), Italy
| | - Elise Gadouleau
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Xinjie Gai
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Sebastien Galan
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Samantha Green
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Catherine Greenaway
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Paul Giles
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Todd Herbst
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Frank Herrmann
- Evotec AG, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Heßmann
- Evotec AG, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhisheng Jia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Kiselyov
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Adrian Kotey
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Thomas Krulle
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - John E Mangette
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 1001 Main St., Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Richard W Marston
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Sergio Menta
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30, 600, 00071 Pomezia (RM), Italy
| | - Matthew R Mills
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30, 600, 00071 Pomezia (RM), Italy
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Nibbio
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30, 600, 00071 Pomezia (RM), Italy
| | - Laura Orsatti
- IRBM, IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30, 600, 00071 Pomezia (RM), Italy
| | - Sabine Schaertl
- Evotec AG, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheich
- Evotec AG, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanne Sproston
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Svedberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malcolm Taylor
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Wayne Thomas
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Miklós Toth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Darshan Vaidya
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Katarina Vanräs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Derek Weddell
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Ian Wigginton
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - John Wityak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Ladislav Mrzljak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Ignacio Munoz-Sanjuan
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Jonathan A Bard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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Becker G, Dammicco S, Bahri MA, Salmon E. The Rise of Synaptic Density PET Imaging. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102303. [PMID: 32422902 PMCID: PMC7288098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurological disorders are related to synaptic loss or pathologies. Before the boom of positrons emission tomography (PET) imaging of synapses, synaptic quantification could only be achieved in vitro on brain samples after autopsy or surgical resections. Until the mid-2010s, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical labelling of synaptic proteins were the gold-standard methods for such analyses. Over the last decade, several PET radiotracers for the synaptic vesicle 2A protein have been developed to achieve in vivo synapses visualization and quantification. Different strategies were used, namely radiolabelling with either 11C or 18F, preclinical development in rodent and non-human primates, and binding quantification with different kinetic modelling methods. This review provides an overview of these PET tracers and underlines their perspectives and limitations by focusing on radiochemical aspects, as well as preclinical proof-of-concept and the main clinical outcomes described so far.
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61
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Wakabayashi Y, Telu S, Dick RM, Fujita M, Ooms M, Morse CL, Liow JS, Hong JS, Gladding RL, Manly LS, Zoghbi SS, Mo X, D’Amato EC, Sindac JA, Nugent RA, Marron BE, Gurney ME, Innis RB, Pike VW. Discovery, Radiolabeling, and Evaluation of Subtype-Selective Inhibitors for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Brain Phosphodiesterase-4D. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1311-1323. [PMID: 32212718 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop radioligands for PET imaging of brain phosphodiesterase subtype 4D (PDE4D), a potential target for developing cognition enhancing or antidepressive drugs. Exploration of several chemical series gave four leads with high PDE4D inhibitory potency and selectivity, optimal lipophilicity, and good brain uptake. These leads featured alkoxypyridinyl cores. They were successfully labeled with carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) for evaluation with PET in monkey. Whereas two of these radioligands did not provide PDE4D-specific signal in monkey brain, two others, [11C]T1660 and [11C]T1650, provided sizable specific signal, as judged by pharmacological challenge using rolipram or a selective PDE4D inhibitor (BPN14770) and subsequent biomathematical analysis. Specific binding was highest in prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and hippocampus, regions that are important for cognitive function. [11C]T1650 was progressed to evaluation in humans with PET, but the output measure of brain enzyme density (VT) increased with scan duration. This instability over time suggests that radiometabolite(s) were accumulating in the brain. BPN14770 blocked PDE4D uptake in human brain after a single dose, but the percentage occupancy was difficult to estimate because of the unreliability of measuring VT. Overall, these results show that imaging of PDE4D in primate brain is feasible but that further radioligand refinement is needed, most likely to avoid problematic radiometabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Wakabayashi
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Sanjay Telu
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Rachel M. Dick
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Maarten Ooms
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Morse
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Jinsoo S. Hong
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Robert L. Gladding
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Lester S. Manly
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Sami S. Zoghbi
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Xuesheng Mo
- Tetra Therapeutics, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506, United States
| | | | | | | | - Brian E. Marron
- Tetra Therapeutics, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506, United States
| | - Mark E. Gurney
- Tetra Therapeutics, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506, United States
| | - Robert B. Innis
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Victor W. Pike
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
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62
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Bai P, Lu X, Lan Y, Chen Z, Patnaik D, Fiedler S, Striar R, Haggarty SJ, Wang C. Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of a new positron emission tomography radiotracer targeting bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 84-85:96-101. [PMID: 32320910 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins play a vital role in the epigenetic regulation process by interacting with acetylated lysine (Ac-K) residues in histones. BET inhibitors have become promising candidates to treat various diseases through the inhibition of the interaction between BET bromodomains and Ac-K of histone tails. With a molecular imaging probe, noninvasive imaging such as positron emission tomography (PET) can visualize the distribution and roles of BET family proteins in vivo and enlighten our understanding of BET protein function in both healthy and diseased tissue. METHODS We radiolabeled the potent BET inhibitor INCB054329 by N-methylation to make [11C]PB003 as a BET PET radiotracer. The bioactivity evaluation of unlabeled PB003 in vitro was performed to confirm its binding affinity for BRDs, then the PET/CT imaging in rodents was performed to evaluate the bioactivity of [11C]PB003 in vivo. RESULTS In our in vitro evaluation, PB003 showed a high BET binding affinity for BRDs (Kd = 2 nM, 1.2 nM, and 1.2 nM for BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, respectively). In vivo PET/CT imaging demonstrated that [11C]PB003 has favorable uptake with appropriate kinetics and distributions in main peripheral organs. Besides, the blockade of [11C]PB003 binding was found in our blocking study which indicated the specificity of [11C]PB003. However, the BBB penetration and brain uptake of [11C]PB003 was limited, with only a maximum 0.2% injected dose/g at ~2 min post-injection. CONCLUSION The imaging results in rodents in vivo demonstrate that [11C]PB003 binds to BET with high selectivity and specificity and has favorable uptake in peripheral organs. However, the low brain uptake of [11C]PB003 limits the visualization of brain regions indicating the efforts are still needed to discover the new BET imaging probes for brain visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Lan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zude Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie Fiedler
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robin Striar
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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63
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Tong L, Li W, Lo MMC, Gao X, Wai JMC, Rudd M, Tellers D, Joshi A, Zeng Z, Miller P, Salinas C, Riffel K, Haley H, Purcell M, Holahan M, Gantert L, Schubert JW, Jones K, Mulhearn J, Egbertson M, Meng Z, Hanney B, Gomez R, Harrison ST, McQuade P, Bueters T, Uslaner J, Morrow J, Thomson F, Kong J, Liao J, Selyutin O, Bao J, Hastings NB, Agrawal S, Magliaro BC, Monsma FJ, Smith MD, Risso S, Hesk D, Hostetler E, Mazzola R. Discovery of [ 11C]MK-6884: A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging Agent for the Study of M4Muscarinic Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators (PAMs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2411-2425. [PMID: 32101422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of receptor occupancy (RO) using positron emission tomography (PET) has been instrumental in guiding discovery and development of CNS directed therapeutics. We and others have investigated muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4 (M4) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for the treatment of symptoms associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article, we describe the synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo characterization of a series of central pyridine-related M4 PAMs that can be conveniently radiolabeled with carbon-11 as PET tracers for the in vivo imaging of an allosteric binding site of the M4 receptor. We first demonstrated its feasibility by mapping the receptor distribution in mouse brain and confirming that a lead molecule 1 binds selectively to the receptor only in the presence of the orthosteric agonist carbachol. Through a competitive binding affinity assay and a number of physiochemical properties filters, several related compounds were identified as candidates for in vivo evaluation. These candidates were then radiolabeled with 11C and studied in vivo in rhesus monkeys. This research eventually led to the discovery of the clinical radiotracer candidate [11C]MK-6884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Wenping Li
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michael Man-Chu Lo
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaolei Gao
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jenny Miu-Chen Wai
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michael Rudd
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - David Tellers
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Aniket Joshi
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Zhizhen Zeng
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Patricia Miller
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Cristian Salinas
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kerry Riffel
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Hyking Haley
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mona Purcell
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Marie Holahan
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Liza Gantert
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Schubert
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kristen Jones
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - James Mulhearn
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Melissa Egbertson
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Meng
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Barbara Hanney
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Robert Gomez
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Scott T Harrison
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Paul McQuade
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Tjerk Bueters
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jason Uslaner
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John Morrow
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Fiona Thomson
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jongrock Kong
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Oleg Selyutin
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jianming Bao
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nicholas B Hastings
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Sony Agrawal
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Brian C Magliaro
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Frederick J Monsma
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michelle D Smith
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Stefania Risso
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - David Hesk
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Eric Hostetler
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Robert Mazzola
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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64
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Bai P, Bai S, Placzek MS, Lu X, Fiedler SA, Ntaganda B, Wey HY, Wang C. A New Positron Emission Tomography Probe for Orexin Receptors Neuroimaging. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051018. [PMID: 32106419 PMCID: PMC7179119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The orexin receptor (OX) is critically involved in motivation and sleep−wake regulation and holds promising therapeutic potential in various mood disorders. To further investigate the role of orexin receptors (OXRs) in the living human brain and to evaluate the treatment potential of orexin-targeting therapeutics, we herein report a novel PET probe ([11C]CW24) for OXRs in the brain. CW24 has moderate binding affinity for OXRs (IC50 = 0.253 μM and 1.406 μM for OX1R and OX2R, respectively) and shows good selectivity to OXRs over 40 other central nervous system (CNS) targets. [11C]CW24 has high brain uptake in rodents and nonhuman primates, suitable metabolic stability, and appropriate distribution and pharmacokinetics for brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. [11C]CW24 warrants further evaluation as a PET imaging probe of OXRs in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (P.B.); (X.L.)
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.F.); (B.N.); (H.-Y.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sha Bai
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.F.); (B.N.); (H.-Y.W.)
| | - Michael S. Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.F.); (B.N.); (H.-Y.W.)
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (P.B.); (X.L.)
| | - Stephanie A. Fiedler
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.F.); (B.N.); (H.-Y.W.)
| | - Brenda Ntaganda
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.F.); (B.N.); (H.-Y.W.)
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.F.); (B.N.); (H.-Y.W.)
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (S.B.); (S.A.F.); (B.N.); (H.-Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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The chemistry of labeling heterocycles with carbon-11 or fluorine-18 for biomedical imaging. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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66
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Fuchigami T, Kawasaki M, Koyama R, Nakaie M, Nakagaki T, Sano K, Atarashi R, Yoshida S, Haratake M, Ono M, Nishida N, Nakayama M. Development of Radioiodinated Benzofuran Derivatives for in Vivo Imaging of Prion Deposits in the Brain. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:2003-2013. [PMID: 30875466 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the deposition of abnormal prion protein aggregates (PrPSc) in the brain tissue. Here, we report the development of 125I-labeled iodobenzofuran (IBF) derivatives as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging probes to detect cerebral PrPSc deposits. We synthesized and radioiodinated several 5-IBF and 6-IBF derivatives. The IBF derivatives were evaluated as prion imaging probes using recombinant mouse prion protein (rMoPrP) aggregates and brain sections of mouse-adapted bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mBSE)-infected mice. Although all the IBF derivatives were strongly adsorbed on the rMoPrP aggregates, [125I]5-IBF-NHMe displayed the highest adsorption rate and potent binding affinity with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 12.3 nM. Fluorescence imaging using IBF-NHMe showed clear signals of the PrPSc-positive amyloid deposits in the mBSE-infected mouse brains. Biodistribution studies in normal mice demonstrated slow uptake and clearance from the brain of 125I-IBF derivatives. Among the derivatives, [125I]6-IBF-NH2 showed the highest peak brain uptake [2.59% injected dose (ID)/g at 10 min] and good clearance (0.51% ID/g at 180 min). Although the brain distribution of IBF derivatives should still be optimized for in vivo imaging, these compounds showed prospective binding properties to PrPSc. Further chemical modification of these IBF derivatives may contribute to the discovery of clinically applicable prion imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fuchigami
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masao Kawasaki
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Koyama
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mari Nakaie
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakagaki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Atarashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Sakura Yoshida
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mamoru Haratake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Morio Nakayama
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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67
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Synthesis of a carbon-11 radiolabeled BACE1 inhibitor. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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68
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Radiosynthesis and Biological Investigation of a Novel Fluorine-18 Labeled Benzoimidazotriazine- Based Radioligand for the Imaging of Phosphodiesterase 2A with Positron Emission Tomography. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224149. [PMID: 31731831 PMCID: PMC6891464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific radioligand for the imaging of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) via positron emission tomography (PET) would be helpful for research on the physiology and disease-related changes in the expression of this enzyme in the brain. In this report, the radiosynthesis of a novel PDE2A radioligand and the subsequent biological evaluation were described. Our prospective compound 1-(2-chloro-5-methoxy phenyl)-8-(2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3- methylbenzo[e]imidazo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine, benzoimidazotriazine (BIT1) (IC50 PDE2A = 3.33 nM; 16-fold selectivity over PDE10A) was fluorine-18 labeled via aromatic nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding nitro precursor using the K[18F]F-K2.2.2-carbonate complex system. The new radioligand [18F]BIT1 was obtained with a high radiochemical yield (54 ± 2%, n = 3), a high radiochemical purity (≥99%), and high molar activities (155–175 GBq/μmol, n = 3). In vitro autoradiography on pig brain cryosections exhibited a heterogeneous spatial distribution of [18F]BIT1 corresponding to the known pattern of expression of PDE2A. The investigation of in vivo metabolism of [18F]BIT1 in a mouse revealed sufficient metabolic stability. PET studies in mouse exhibited a moderate brain uptake of [18F]BIT1 with a maximum standardized uptake value of ~0.7 at 5 min p.i. However, in vivo blocking studies revealed a non-target specific binding of [18F]BIT1. Therefore, further structural modifications are needed to improve target selectivity.
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69
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Bernard-Gauthier V, Mossine AV, Knight A, Patnaik D, Zhao WN, Cheng C, Krishnan HS, Xuan LL, Chindavong PS, Reis SA, Chen JM, Shao X, Stauff J, Arteaga J, Sherman P, Salem N, Bonsall D, Amaral B, Varlow C, Wells L, Martarello L, Patel S, Liang SH, Kurumbail RG, Haggarty SJ, Scott PJH, Vasdev N. Structural Basis for Achieving GSK-3β Inhibition with High Potency, Selectivity, and Brain Exposure for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging and Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9600-9617. [PMID: 31535859 PMCID: PMC6883410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Using structure-guided design, several cell based assays, and microdosed positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we identified a series of highly potent, selective, and brain-penetrant oxazole-4-carboxamide-based inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). An isotopologue of our first-generation lead, [3H]PF-367, demonstrates selective and specific target engagement in vitro, irrespective of the activation state. We discovered substantial ubiquitous GSK-3-specific radioligand binding in Tg2576 Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting application for these compounds in AD diagnosis and identified [11C]OCM-44 as our lead GSK-3 radiotracer, with optimized brain uptake by PET imaging in nonhuman primates. GSK-3β-isozyme selectivity was assessed to reveal OCM-51, the most potent (IC50 = 0.030 nM) and selective (>10-fold GSK-3β/GSK-3α) GSK-3β inhibitor known to date. Inhibition of CRMP2T514 and tau phosphorylation, as well as favorable therapeutic window against WNT/β-catenin signaling activation, was observed in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry/Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Andrew V. Mossine
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashley Knight
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry/Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Eisai AiM Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Chialin Cheng
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hema S. Krishnan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Lucius L. Xuan
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Peter S. Chindavong
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Surya A. Reis
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jinshan Michael Chen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xia Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jenelle Stauff
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Janna Arteaga
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Phillip Sherman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicolas Salem
- Biogen, Research and Early Development Imaging, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Brenda Amaral
- Biogen, Research and Early Development Imaging, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cassis Varlow
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | | | - Laurent Martarello
- Biogen, Research and Early Development Imaging, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shil Patel
- Eisai AiM Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ravi G. Kurumbail
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- The Interdepartmental Program in Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry/Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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L'Estrade ET, Erlandsson M, Edgar FG, Ohlsson T, Knudsen GM, Herth MM. Towards selective CNS PET imaging of the 5-HT 7 receptor system: Past, present and future. Neuropharmacology 2019; 172:107830. [PMID: 31669129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1993, the serotonin receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7) has attracted significant attention as a potential drug target; due to its elucidated roles in conditions such as insomnia, schizophrenia, and more. Therefore, it is unsurprising that there has been relatively early efforts undertaken to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for said receptor system. PET can be clinically used to probe receptor systems in vivo, permitting information such as a drug's occupancy against this system to be investigated. This review focuses on the efforts towards the development of a 5-HT7R selective PET CNS tracer over the last 20 years, critically reflecting on applied strategies and commonly employed chemical frameworks and suggests future considerations that are needed to successfully develop a PET tracer for this clinically relevant target. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina T L'Estrade
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fraser G Edgar
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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71
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Tampio L’Estrade E, Xiong M, Shalgunov V, Edgar FG, Volk B, Baerentzen SL, Palner M, Erlandsson M, Ohlsson T, Knudsen GM, Herth MM. Development and Evaluation of Two Potential 5-HT 7 Receptor PET Tracers: [ 18F]ENL09 and [ 18F]ENL10. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3961-3968. [PMID: 30973705 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest addition to the serotonin (5-HT) receptor family is the 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R). This receptor has gained interest as a drug target due to its involvement in various disorders such as depression or schizophrenia. There is currently no clinically validated positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for the 5-HT7R available. But, the (arylpiperazinyl-butyl)oxindole scaffold provides a promising lead structure for this purpose. Here, we synthesized 12 (arylpiperazinyl-butyl)oxindole derivatives and in vitro affinity screening identified two structures with suitable affinity and selectivity to be radiolabeled and tested as 5-HT7R selective PET tracers. Next, the radiolabeled products [18F]ENL09 and [18F]ENL10 were evaluated as PET tracers in rats. Both tracers were found to be P-gp substrates, but after P-gp inhibition the brain uptake showed a regional distribution in line with the known 5-HT7R distribution. The [18F]ENL10 brain binding was displaceable with a 5-HT7R selective ligand, whereas [18F]ENL09 was not. We find that [18F]ENL10 is a promising 5-HT7R selective PET tracer candidate that should be investigated in higher species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Tampio L’Estrade
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mengfei Xiong
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fraser G. Edgar
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Balázs Volk
- Directorate of Drug Substance Development, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simone L. Baerentzen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Palner
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gitte M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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72
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Zhang L, Butler CR, Maresca KP, Takano A, Nag S, Jia Z, Arakawa R, Piro JR, Samad T, Smith DL, Nason DM, O'Neil S, McAllister L, Schildknegt K, Trapa P, McCarthy TJ, Villalobos A, Halldin C. Identification and Development of an Irreversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Radioligand with High Specificity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8532-8543. [PMID: 31483137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a serine hydrolase extensively expressed throughout the brain, serves as a key gatekeeper regulating the tone of endocannabinoid signaling. Preclinically, inhibition of MAGL is known to provide therapeutic benefits for a number of neurological disorders. The availability of a MAGL-specific positron emission tomography (PET) ligand would considerably facilitate the development and clinical characterization of MAGL inhibitors via noninvasive and quantitative PET imaging. Herein, we report the identification of the potent and selective irreversible MAGL inhibitor 7 (PF-06809247) as a suitable radioligand lead, which upon radiolabeling was found to exhibit a high level of MAGL specificity; this enabled cross-species measurement of MAGL brain expression (Bmax), assessment of in vivo binding in the rat, and nonhuman primate PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research , Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council , SE-17176 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research , Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council , SE-17176 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Zhisheng Jia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research , Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council , SE-17176 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research , Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council , SE-17176 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research , Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council , SE-17176 Stockholm , Sweden
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Vermeulen K, Vandamme M, Bormans G, Cleeren F. Design and Challenges of Radiopharmaceuticals. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:339-356. [PMID: 31470930 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review describes general concepts with regard to radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic applications that help to understand the specific challenges encountered during the design, (radio)synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation and clinical translation of novel radiopharmaceuticals. The design of a radiopharmaceutical requires upfront decisions with regard to combining a suitable vector molecule with an appropriate radionuclide, considering the type and location of the molecular target, the desired application, and the time constraints imposed by the relatively short half-life of radionuclides. Well-designed in vitro and in vivo experiments allow nonclinical validation of radiotracers. Ultimately, in combination with a limited toxicology package, the radiotracer becomes a radiopharmaceutical for clinical evaluation, produced in compliance with regulatory requirements for medicines for intravenous (IV) injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Vandamme
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gu G, Scott T, Yan Y, Warren N, Zhang A, Tabatabaei A, Xu H, Aertgeerts K, Gomez L, Morse A, Li YW, Breitenbucher JG, Massari E, Vivian J, Danks A. Target Engagement of a Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor Affecting Long-Term Memory in the Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:399-407. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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75
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Fu H, Tang W, Chen Z, Belov VV, Zhang G, Shao T, Zhang X, Yu Q, Rong J, Deng X, Han W, Myers SJ, Giffenig P, Wang L, Josephson L, Shao Y, Davenport AT, Daunais JB, Papisov M, Yuan H, Li Z, Traynelis SF, Liang SH. Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluations of a Triazole-Cored Antagonist as a PET Imaging Probe ([ 18F]N2B-0518) for GluN2B Subunit in the Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2263-2275. [PMID: 30698943 PMCID: PMC6727982 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
GluN2B is the most studied subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and implicated in the pathologies of various central nervous system disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. As pan NMDAR antagonists often produce debilitating side effects, new approaches in drug discovery have shifted to subtype-selective NMDAR modulators, especially GluN2B-selective antagonists. While positron emission tomography (PET) studies of GluN2B-selective NMDARs in the living brain would enable target engagement in drug development and improve our understanding in the NMDAR signaling pathways between normal and disease conditions, a suitable PET ligand is yet to be identified. Herein we developed an 18F-labeled potent antagonist, 2-((1-(4-[18F]fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-5-methoxypyrimidine ([18F]13; also called [18F]N2B-0518) as a PET tracer for imaging the GluN2B subunit. The radiofluorination of [18F]13 was efficiently achieved by our spirocyclic iodonium ylide (SCIDY) method. In in vitro autoradiography studies, [18F]13 displayed highly region-specific binding in brain sections of rat and nonhuman primate, which was in accordance with the expression of GluN2B subunit. Ex vivo biodistribution in mice revealed that [18F]13 could penetrate the blood-brain barrier with moderate brain uptake (3.60% ID/g at 2 min) and rapid washout. Altogether, this work provides a GluN2B-selective PET tracer bearing a new chemical scaffold and shows high specificity to GluN2B subunit in vitro, which may pave the way for the development of a new generation of GluN2B PET ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Fu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Weiting Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Vasily V. Belov
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Genwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Tuo Shao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Qingzhen Yu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Deng
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, P. R. China
| | - Scott J. Myers
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Pilar Giffenig
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Lee Josephson
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - April T. Davenport
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - James B. Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Mikhail Papisov
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology, Molecular Diagnosis & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Stephen F. Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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76
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Fisher EL, Am Ende CW, Humphrey JM. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy Aromatic Heterocycles: Hydrolytically Stable Alternatives to Heteroaryl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4904-4909. [PMID: 30339369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group as an alternative leaving group for hydrolytically unstable heteroaryl chlorides. This group provides improved shelf stability by years while maintaining reactivity toward nucleophiles in SNAr reactions. A highlighted trifluoroethyl ether was shown to be tolerant to aqueous Suzuki conditions, permitting sequential Suzuki/SNAr processes inaccessible to the heterocyclic chlorides. The strategic use of trifluoroethyl ethers enables storage of otherwise unstable heterocyclic chlorides and limits costly decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L Fisher
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
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77
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Chen Z, Mori W, Deng X, Cheng R, Ogasawara D, Zhang G, Schafroth MA, Dahl K, Fu H, Hatori A, Shao T, Zhang Y, Yamasaki T, Zhang X, Rong J, Yu Q, Hu K, Fujinaga M, Xie L, Kumata K, Gou Y, Chen J, Gu S, Bao L, Wang L, Collier TL, Vasdev N, Shao Y, Ma JA, Cravatt BF, Fowler C, Josephson L, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Reversible and Irreversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracers Using a "Tail Switching" Strategy on a Piperazinyl Azetidine Skeleton. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3336-3353. [PMID: 30829483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a serine hydrolase that degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the endocannabinoid system (eCB). Selective inhibition of MAGL has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of diverse pathological conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Herein, we disclose a novel array of reversible and irreversible MAGL inhibitors by means of "tail switching" on a piperazinyl azetidine scaffold. We developed a lead irreversible-binding MAGL inhibitor 8 and reversible-binding compounds 17 and 37, which are amenable for radiolabeling with 11C or 18F. [11C]8 ([11C]MAGL-2-11) exhibited high brain uptake and excellent binding specificity in the brain toward MAGL. Reversible radioligands [11C]17 ([11C]PAD) and [18F]37 ([18F]MAGL-4-11) also demonstrated excellent in vivo binding specificity toward MAGL in peripheral organs. This work may pave the way for the development of MAGL-targeted positron emission tomography tracers with tunability in reversible and irreversible binding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Ran Cheng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology , The Scripps Research Institute , SR107 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Genwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Oklahoma , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Michael A Schafroth
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology , The Scripps Research Institute , SR107 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Hualong Fu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Tuo Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Qingzhen Yu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Yuancheng Gou
- ChemShuttle, Inc. , 1699 Huishan Blvd. , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214174 , China
| | - Jingjin Chen
- ChemShuttle, Inc. , 1699 Huishan Blvd. , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214174 , China
| | - Shuyin Gu
- ChemShuttle, Inc. , 1699 Huishan Blvd. , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214174 , China
| | - Liang Bao
- ChemShuttle, Inc. , 1699 Huishan Blvd. , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214174 , China
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Thomas Lee Collier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Oklahoma , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology , The Scripps Research Institute , SR107 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Christopher Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience , Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
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78
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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79
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Hattori Y, Aoyama K, Maeda J, Arimura N, Takahashi Y, Sasaki M, Fujinaga M, Seki C, Nagai Y, Kawamura K, Yamasaki T, Zhang MR, Higuchi M, Koike T. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of (4R)-1-{3-[2-(18F)Fluoro-4-methylpyridin-3-yl]phenyl}-4-[4-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylcarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one ([18F]T-401) as a Novel Positron-Emission Tomography Imaging Agent for Monoacylglycerol Lipase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2362-2375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hattori
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Aoyama
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Maeda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto Arimura
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuko Takahashi
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masako Sasaki
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chie Seki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Koike
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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80
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Kolb HC, Barret O, Bhattacharya A, Chen G, Constantinescu C, Huang C, Letavic M, Tamagnan G, Xia CA, Zhang W, Szardenings AK. Preclinical Evaluation and Nonhuman Primate Receptor Occupancy Study of 18F-JNJ-64413739, a PET Radioligand for P2X7 Receptors. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1154-1159. [PMID: 30733317 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.212696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is an adenosine triphosphate-gated ion channel, which is abundantly expressed in glial cells within the central nervous system and in the periphery. P2X7 receptor activation leads to the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the brain, and antagonism of the P2X7 receptor is a novel therapeutic strategy to dampen adenosine triphosphate-dependent IL-1β signaling. PET ligands for the P2X7 receptor will not only be valuable to assess central target engagement of drug candidates but also hold promise as surrogate markers of central neuroinflammation. Herein we describe the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 18F-JNJ-64413739, an 18F-labeled PET ligand for imaging the P2X7 receptor in the brain. Methods: P2X7 receptor affinity and specificity, pharmacokinetics, metabolic stability, blood-brain barrier permeability, and off-target binding of JNJ-64413739 were evaluated in a series of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays. 18F-JNJ-64413739 was radiolabeled via a one-step nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The tracer was also studied in rhesus macaques, and PET images were analyzed with an arterial plasma input function-based Logan graphical analysis. Results: The potency (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of the P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-64413739 is 1.0 ± 0.2 nM and 2.0 ± 0.6 nM at the recombinant human and rat P2X7 receptor, respectively, and the binding affinity is 2.7 nM (rat cortex binding assay) and 15.9 nM (human P2X7 receptor). In nonhuman primate PET imaging studies, dose-dependent receptor occupancy of JNJ-54175446 was observed in 2 rhesus monkeys. At a 0.1 mg/kg dose (intravenous) of JNJ-54175446, the receptor occupancy was calculated to be 17% by Logan graphical analysis, whereas a dose of 2.5 mg/kg yielded a receptor occupancy of 60%. Conclusion: The preclinical evaluation of 18F-JNJ-64413739 demonstrates that the tracer engages the P2X7 receptor. Reproducible and dose-dependent receptor occupancy studies with the P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-54175446 were obtained in rhesus monkeys. This novel PET tracer exhibits in vitro and in vivo characteristics suitable for imaging the P2X7 receptor in the brain and warrants further studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmuth C Kolb
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California; and
| | | | | | - Gang Chen
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California; and
| | | | - Chaofeng Huang
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California; and
| | - Michael Letavic
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California; and
| | | | - Chunfang A Xia
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California; and
| | - Wei Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, San Diego, California; and
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81
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Wenzel B, Liu J, Dukic-Stefanovic S, Deuther-Conrad W, Teodoro R, Ludwig FA, Chezal JM, Moreau E, Brust P, Maisonial-Besset A. Targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in brain: Toward the development of a PET radioligand labeled with fluorine-18. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:346-362. [PMID: 30753989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to develop a specific radioligand for imaging the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in brain by positron emission tomography (PET), seven new fluorinated inhibitors (3-9) were synthesized on the basis of a quinoline core. The inhibitory activity for PDE5 together with a panel of other PDEs was determined in vitro and two derivatives were selected for IC50 value determination. The most promising compound 7 (IC50 = 5.92 nM for PDE5A), containing a 3-fluoroazetidine moiety, was further radiolabeled by aliphatic nucleophilic substitution of two different leaving groups (nosylate and tosylate) using [18F]fluoride. The use of the nosylate precursor and tetra-n-butyl ammonium [18F]fluoride ([18F]TBAF) in 3-methyl-3-pentanol combined with the addition of a small amount of water proved to be the best radiolabeling conditions achieving a RCY of 4.9 ± 1.5% in an automated procedure. Preliminary biological investigations in vitro and in vivo were performed to characterize this new PDE5 radioligand. Metabolism studies of [18F]7 in mice revealed a fast metabolic degradation with the formation of radiometabolites which have been detected in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jianrong Liu
- UMR 1240 INSERM IMOST, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sladjana Dukic-Stefanovic
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- UMR 1240 INSERM IMOST, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Moreau
- UMR 1240 INSERM IMOST, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
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82
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemie der Positronenemissionstomographie: Aktuelle Fortschritte bei
11
C‐,
18
F‐,
13
N‐ und
15
O‐Markierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine DesignPfizer Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
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83
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Radioligands for Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase (Trk) Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010007. [PMID: 30609832 PMCID: PMC6469173 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropomyosin receptor kinases family (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) supports neuronal growth, survival, and differentiation during development, adult life, and aging. TrkA/B/C downregulation is a prominent hallmark of various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormally expressed or overexpressed full-length or oncogenic fusion TrkA/B/C proteins were shown to drive tumorigenesis in a variety of neurogenic and non-neurogenic human cancers and are currently the focus of intensive clinical research. Neurologic and oncologic studies of the spatiotemporal alterations in TrkA/B/C expression and density and the determination of target engagement of emerging antineoplastic clinical inhibitors in normal and diseased tissue are crucially needed but have remained largely unexplored due to the lack of suitable non-invasive probes. Here, we review the recent development of carbon-11- and fluorine-18-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands based on specifically designed small molecule kinase catalytic domain-binding inhibitors of TrkA/B/C. Basic developments in medicinal chemistry, radiolabeling and translational PET imaging in multiple species including humans are highlighted.
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84
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Pekošak A, Bulc JŽ, Korat Š, Schuit RC, Kooijman E, Vos R, Rongen M, Verlaan M, Takkenkamp K, Beaino W, Poot AJ, Windhorst AD. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of the First Carbon-11 Labeled PET Tracers Targeting Substance P 1-7. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4872-4883. [PMID: 30335399 PMCID: PMC6220361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
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Two
potent SP1–7 peptidomimetics have been successfully
radiolabeled via [11C]CO2-fixation with excellent
yields, purity, and molar activity. l-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetic exhibited promising ex vivo biodistribution profile. Metabolite analysis showed that l-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetic is stable
in brain and spinal cord, whereas rapid metabolic degradation occurs
in rat plasma. Metabolic stability can be significantly improved by
substituting l-Phe for d-Phe, preserving 70% more
of intact tracer and resulting in better brain and spinal cord tracer
retention. Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning confirmed moderate
brain (1.5 SUV; peak at 3 min) and spinal cord (1.0 SUV; peak at 10
min) uptake for l- and d-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetic. A slight decrease in SUV value was
observed after pretreatment with natural peptide SP1–7 in spinal cord for l-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetic. On the contrary, blocking using cold analogues of l- and d-[11C]tracers did not reduce the
tracers’ brain and spinal cord exposure. In summary, PET scanning
of l- and d-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetics confirms rapid blood–brain barrier and blood–spinal-cord
barrier penetration. Therefore, further validation of these two tracers
targeting SP1–7 is needed in order to define a new
PET imaging target and select its most appropriate radiopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pekošak
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Janez Ž Bulc
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Špela Korat
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Esther Kooijman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Vos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marissa Rongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Verlaan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Takkenkamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Alex J Poot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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85
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Andersson JD, Matuskey D, Finnema SJ. Positron emission tomography imaging of the γ-aminobutyric acid system. Neurosci Lett 2018; 691:35-43. [PMID: 30102960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the recent development of positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands for γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors and their potential to measure changes in endogenous GABA levels and highlight the clinical and translational applications of GABA-sensitive PET radioligands. We review the basic physiology of the GABA system with a focus on the importance of GABAA receptors in the brain and specifically the benzodiazepine binding site. Challenges for the development of central nervous system radioligands and particularly for radioligands with increased GABA sensitivity are outlined, as well as the status of established benzodiazepine site PET radioligands and agonist GABAA radioligands. We underline the challenge of using allosteric interactions to measure GABA concentrations and review the current state of PET imaging of changes in GABA levels. We conclude that PET tracers with increased GABA sensitivity are required to efficiently measure GABA release and that such a tool could be broadly applied to assess GABA transmission in vivo across several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan D Andersson
- University of Alberta, Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David Matuskey
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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86
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Chen Z, Mori W, Zhang X, Yamasaki T, Dunn PJ, Zhang G, Fu H, Shao T, Zhang Y, Hatori A, Ma L, Fujinaga M, Xie L, Deng X, Li H, Yu Q, Rong J, Josephson L, Ma JA, Shao Y, Tomita S, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Synthesis, pharmacology and preclinical evaluation of 11C-labeled 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-ones for imaging γ8-dependent transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:898-908. [PMID: 30145376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
a-Amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are implicated in the pathology of neurological diseases such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. As pan antagonists for this target are often accompanied with undesired effects at high doses, one of the recent drug discovery approaches has shifted to subtype-selective AMPA receptor (AMPAR) antagonists, specifically, via modulating transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs). The quantification of AMPARs by positron emission tomography (PET) would help obtain insights into disease conditions in the living brain and advance the translational development of AMPAR antagonists. Herein we report the design, synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a series of TARP γ-8 antagonists, amenable for radiolabeling, for the development of subtype-selective AMPAR PET imaging agents. Based on the pharmacology evaluation, molecular docking studies and physiochemical properties, we have identified several promising lead compounds 3, 17-19 and 21 for in vivo PET studies. All candidate compounds were labeled with [11C]COCl2 in high radiochemical yields (13-31% RCY) and high molar activities (35-196 GBq/μmol). While tracers 30 ([11C]17) &32 ([11C]21) crossed the blood-brain barrier and showed heterogeneous distribution in PET studies, consistent with TARP γ-8 expression, high nonspecific binding prevented further evaluation. To our delight, tracer 31 ([11C]3) showed good in vitro specific binding and characteristic high uptake in the hippocampus in rat brain tissues, which provides the guideline for further development of a new generation subtype selective TARP γ-8 dependent AMPAR tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Patrick J Dunn
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Genwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Hualong Fu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tuo Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Longle Ma
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Qingzhen Yu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Susumu Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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87
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Auberson YP, Briard E, Rudolph B, Kaupmann K, Smith P, Oberhauser B. PET Imaging of T Cells: Target Identification and Feasibility Assessment. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1566-1579. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves P. Auberson
- Global Discovery Chemistry Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research 141 Klybeckstrasse 4057 Basel Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Briard
- Global Discovery Chemistry Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research 141 Klybeckstrasse 4057 Basel Switzerland
| | - Bettina Rudolph
- Translational Medicine, Pharmacokinetics Sciences Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Novartis Campus 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Klemens Kaupmann
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Novartis Campus 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Paul Smith
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Novartis Campus 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Berndt Oberhauser
- Global Discovery Chemistry Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research 141 Klybeckstrasse 4057 Basel Switzerland
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88
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Bongarzone S, Gee AD. BACE1: Now We Can See You. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3293-3295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bongarzone
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Antony D. Gee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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89
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Schröder S, Wenzel B, Deuther-Conrad W, Teodoro R, Kranz M, Scheunemann M, Egerland U, Höfgen N, Briel D, Steinbach J, Brust P. Investigation of an 18F-labelled Imidazopyridotriazine for Molecular Imaging of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 2A. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030556. [PMID: 29498659 PMCID: PMC6017663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific radioligands for in vivo visualization and quantification of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) by positron emission tomography (PET) are increasingly gaining interest in brain research. Herein we describe the synthesis, the 18F-labelling as well as the biological evaluation of our latest PDE2A (radio-)ligand 9-(5-Butoxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-([18F])fluoroethoxy)-7-methylimidazo[5,1-c]pyrido[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazine (([18F])TA5). It is the most potent PDE2A ligand out of our series of imidazopyridotriazine-based derivatives so far (IC50 hPDE2A = 3.0 nM; IC50 hPDE10A > 1000 nM). Radiolabelling was performed in a one-step procedure starting from the corresponding tosylate precursor. In vitro autoradiography on rat and pig brain slices displayed a homogenous and non-specific binding of the radioligand. Investigation of stability in vivo by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) analyses of plasma and brain samples obtained from mice revealed a high fraction of one main radiometabolite. Hence, we concluded that [18F]TA5 is not appropriate for molecular imaging of PDE2A neither in vitro nor in vivo. Our ongoing work is focusing on further structurally modified compounds with enhanced metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schröder
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4631
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Ute Egerland
- BioCrea GmbH, Radebeul 01445, Germany; (U.E.); (N.H.)
| | | | - Detlef Briel
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany;
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
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90
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Zhang L, Chen L, Dutra JK, Beck EM, Nag S, Takano A, Amini N, Arakawa R, Brodney MA, Buzon LM, Doran SD, Lanyon LF, McCarthy TJ, Bales KR, Nolan CE, O’Neill BT, Schildknegt K, Halldin C, Villalobos A. Identification of a Novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Ligand for Imaging β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE-1) in Brain. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3296-3308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laigao Chen
- Clinical & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason K. Dutra
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Leanne M. Buzon
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lorraine F. Lanyon
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy J. McCarthy
- Clinical & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kelly R. Bales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles E. Nolan
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brian T. O’Neill
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Klaas Schildknegt
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Medicinal Synthesis Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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91
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Mercier J, Provins L, Valade A. Discovery and development of SV2A PET tracers: Potential for imaging synaptic density and clinical applications. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2017; 25:45-52. [PMID: 29233267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Imaging synaptic density in vivo has promise for numerous research and clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Recent developments in the field of PET, such as SV2A human imaging with the novel tracers UCB-A, UCB-H and UCB-J, may help in realizing this potential and bring significant benefit for the patients suffering from these diseases. This review provides an overview of the most recent progress in the field of SV2A PET imaging, its potential for use as a biomarker of synaptic density and the future development areas.
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92
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Murphy PS, Patel N, McCarthy TJ. Has molecular imaging delivered to drug development? PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:rsta.2017.0112. [PMID: 29038381 PMCID: PMC5647269 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical research and development requires a systematic interrogation of a candidate molecule through clinical studies. To ensure resources are spent on only the most promising molecules, early clinical studies must understand fundamental attributes of the drug candidate, including exposure at the target site, target binding and pharmacological response in disease. Molecular imaging has the potential to quantitatively characterize these properties in small, efficient clinical studies. Specific benefits of molecular imaging in this setting (compared to blood and tissue sampling) include non-invasiveness and the ability to survey the whole body temporally. These methods have been adopted primarily for neuroscience drug development, catalysed by the inability to access the brain compartment by other means. If we believe molecular imaging is a technology platform able to underpin clinical drug development, why is it not adopted further to enable earlier decisions? This article considers current drug development needs, progress towards integration of molecular imaging into studies, current impediments and proposed models to broaden use and increase impact.This article is part of the themed issue 'Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neel Patel
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
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93
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Mikami S, Kawasaki M, Ikeda S, Negoro N, Nakamura S, Nomura I, Ashizawa T, Kokubo H, Hoffman ID, Zou H, Oki H, Uchiyama N, Hiura Y, Miyamoto M, Itou Y, Nakashima M, Iwashita H, Taniguchi T. Discovery of a Novel Series of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitors Structurally Different from N-((1S)-1-(3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-methoxyethyl)-7-methoxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-4(1H)-carboxamide (TAK-915), for the Treatment of Cognitive Disorders. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:1058-1077. [PMID: 29093293 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 2A could potentially be a novel approach to treat cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders through augmentation of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways in brain regions associated with learning and memory. Following our earlier work, this article describes a drug design strategy for a new series of lead compounds structurally distinct from our clinical candidate 2 (TAK-915), and subsequent medicinal chemistry efforts to optimize potency, selectivity over other PDE families, and other preclinical properties including in vitro phototoxicity and in vivo rat plasma clearance. These efforts resulted in the discovery of N-((1S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)propyl)-6-methyl-5-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (20), which robustly increased 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the rat brain following an oral dose, and moreover, attenuated MK-801-induced episodic memory deficits in a passive avoidance task in rats. These data provide further support to the potential therapeutic utility of PDE2A inhibitors in enhancing cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mikami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Shuhei Ikeda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Nobuyuki Negoro
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Izumi Nomura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Tomoko Ashizawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Hironori Kokubo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | | | | | - Hideyuki Oki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Noriko Uchiyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Yuuto Hiura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Maki Miyamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Yuuki Itou
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Masato Nakashima
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Hiroki Iwashita
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
| | - Takahiko Taniguchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited
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94
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Kilbourn MR, Scott PJ. Is logP truly dead? Nucl Med Biol 2017; 54:41-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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95
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Andrés JI, Schmidt M. Medicinal Chemistry strategies for PET tracer discovery. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2017; 25:11-17. [PMID: 29233262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of gamma rays, resulting from decay of positron emitting isotopes, allows exquisitely sensitive detection of probes radiolabeled with such isotopes. These probes can be designed for high affinity binding to specific molecular targets and be used as tools in the early development of drugs, particularly for neuropsychiatric disorders. Availability of novel tracers requires dedicated resources and selection assays. Many of the selection assays are similar to those used for discovery of clinical compounds, although the distribution and clearance of target specific radioligands requires different in vitro and in vivo methods and new derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Andrés
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S. A., C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Mark Schmidt
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica, NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
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96
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Bernard-Gauthier V, Collier TL, Liang SH, Vasdev N. Discovery of PET radiopharmaceuticals at the academia-industry interface. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2017; 25:19-26. [PMID: 29233263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Project-specific collaborations between academia and pharmaceutical partners are a growing phenomenon within molecular imaging and in particular in the positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical community. This cultural shift can be attributed in part to decreased public funding in academia in conjunction with the increased reliance on outsourcing of chemistry, radiochemistry, pharmacology and molecular imaging studies by the pharmaceutical industry. This account highlights some of our personal experiences working with industrial partners to develop new PET radiochemistry methodologies for drug discovery and neuro-PET research studies. These symbiotic academic-industrial partnerships have not only led to novel radiotracers for new targets but also to the application of new carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labeling methodologies and technologies to label previously unprecedented compounds for in vivo evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thomas L Collier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Advion Inc., Research and Development, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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97
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Zhang L, Chen L, Beck EM, Chappie TA, Coelho RV, Doran SD, Fan KH, Helal CJ, Humphrey JM, Hughes Z, Kuszpit K, Lachapelle EA, Lazzaro JT, Lee C, Mather RJ, Patel NC, Skaddan MB, Sciabola S, Verhoest PR, Young JM, Zasadny K, Villalobos A. The Discovery of a Novel Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4B-Preferring Radioligand for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8538-8551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laigao Chen
- Clinical & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard V. Coelho
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Medicine
Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsien Fan
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Helal
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zoe Hughes
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kyle Kuszpit
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Erik A. Lachapelle
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John T. Lazzaro
- Medicine
Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chewah Lee
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert J. Mather
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nandini C. Patel
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Marc B. Skaddan
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simone Sciabola
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph M. Young
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kenneth Zasadny
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Medicinal
Synthesis Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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98
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Wager TT, Galatsis P, Chandrasekaran RY, Butler TW, Li J, Zhang L, Mente S, Subramanyam C, Liu S, Doran AC, Chang C, Fisher K, Grimwood S, Hedde JR, Marconi M, Schildknegt K. Identification and Profiling of a Selective and Brain Penetrant Radioligand for in Vivo Target Occupancy Measurement of Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) Inhibitors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1995-2004. [PMID: 28609096 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To enable the clinical development of our CNS casein kinase 1 delta/epsilon (CK1δ/ε) inhibitor project, we investigated the possibility of developing a CNS positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand. For this effort, we focused our design and synthesis efforts on the initial CK1δ/ε inhibitor HTS hits with the goal of identifying a compound that would fulfill a set of recommended PET ligand criteria. We identified [3H]PF-5236216 (9) as a tool ligand that meets most of the key CNS PET attributes including high CNS MPO PET desirability score and kinase selectivity, CNS penetration, and low nonspecific binding. We further used [3H]-9 to determine the binding affinity for PF-670462, a literature CK1δ/ε inhibitor tool compound. Lastly, [3H]-9 was used to measure in vivo target occupancy (TO) of PF-670462 in mouse and correlated TO with CK1δ/ε in vivo pharmacology (circadian rhythm modulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis T. Wager
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul Galatsis
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ramalakshmi Y. Chandrasekaran
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 558
Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Todd W. Butler
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 558
Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jianke Li
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 558
Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scot Mente
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chakrapani Subramanyam
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 558
Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shenping Liu
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Angela C. Doran
- Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 558 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 558 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Katherine Fisher
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph R. Hedde
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Marconi
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klaas Schildknegt
- Chemical
Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 558 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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99
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Bernard-Gauthier V, Bailey JJ, Mossine AV, Lindner S, Vomacka L, Aliaga A, Shao X, Quesada CA, Sherman P, Mahringer A, Kostikov A, Grand’Maison M, Rosa-Neto P, Soucy JP, Thiel A, Kaplan DR, Fricker G, Wängler B, Bartenstein P, Schirrmacher R, Scott PJH. A Kinome-Wide Selective Radiolabeled TrkB/C Inhibitor for in Vitro and in Vivo Neuroimaging: Synthesis, Preclinical Evaluation, and First-in-Human. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6897-6910. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Department of Oncology,
Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Justin J. Bailey
- Department of Oncology,
Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Andrew V. Mossine
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Lena Vomacka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Arturo Aliaga
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre
for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Xia Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carole A. Quesada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Phillip Sherman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anne Mahringer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre
for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexander Thiel
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Quebec HT3 1E2, Canada
| | - David R. Kaplan
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular
Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular
Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer
1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology,
Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- The Interdepartmental Program in Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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100
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Gobbi LC, Knust H, Körner M, Honer M, Czech C, Belli S, Muri D, Edelmann MR, Hartung T, Erbsmehl I, Grall-Ulsemer S, Koblet A, Rueher M, Steiner S, Ravert HT, Mathews WB, Holt DP, Kuwabara H, Valentine H, Dannals RF, Wong DF, Borroni E. Identification of Three Novel Radiotracers for Imaging Aggregated Tau in Alzheimer’s Disease with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7350-7370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca C. Gobbi
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Knust
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Körner
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Czech
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Muri
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin R. Edelmann
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Erbsmehl
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Grall-Ulsemer
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Koblet
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Rueher
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Steiner
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edilio Borroni
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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