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Nassan M, Li Q, Croarkin PE, Chen W, Colby CL, Veldic M, McElroy SL, Jenkins GD, Ryu E, Cunningham JM, Leboyer M, Frye MA, Biernacka JM. A genome wide association study suggests the association of muskelin with early onset bipolar disorder: Implications for a GABAergic epileptogenic neurogenesis model. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:120-129. [PMID: 27769005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although multiple genes have been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD), they explain only a small proportion of its heritability. Identifying additional BD risk variants may be impaired by phenotypic heterogeneity, which is usually not taken into account in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). BD with early age at onset is a more homogeneous familial form of the disorder associated with greater symptom severity. METHODS We conducted a GWAS of early-onset BD (onset of mania/hypomania ≤19 years old) in a discovery sample of 419 cases and 1034 controls and a replication sample of 181 cases and 777 controls. These two samples were meta-analyzed, followed by replication of one signal in a third independent sample of 141 cases and 746 controls. RESULTS No single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations were genome-wide significant in the discovery sample. Of the top 15 SNPs in the discovery analysis, rs114034759 in the muskelin (MKLN1) gene was nominally significant in the replication analysis, and was among the top associations in the meta-analysis (p=2.63E-06, OR=1.9). In the third sample, this SNP was again associated with early-onset BD (p=0.036, OR=1.6). Gene expression analysis showed that the rs114034759 risk allele is associated with decreased hippocampal MKLN1 expression. LIMITATIONS The sample sizes of the early-onset BD subgroups were relatively small. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest MKLN1 is associated with early-onset BD. MKLN1 regulates cellular trafficking of GABA-A receptors, which is involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity, and is implicated in the mechanism of action of a group of antiepileptic mood stabilizers. These results therefore indicate that GABAergic neurotransmission may be implicated in early-onset BD. We propose that an increase in GABA-A receptors in the hippocampus in BD patients due to lower MKLN1 expression might increase the excitability during the GABA-excited early phase of young neurons, leading to an increased risk of developing a manic/hypomanic episode. Further studies are needed to test this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Nassan
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Qingqin Li
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Wenan Chen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Colin L Colby
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gregory D Jenkins
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Charney AW, Ruderfer DM, Stahl EA, Moran JL, Chambert K, Belliveau RA, Forty L, Gordon-Smith K, Di Florio A, Lee PH, Bromet EJ, Buckley PF, Escamilla MA, Fanous AH, Fochtmann LJ, Lehrer DS, Malaspina D, Marder SR, Morley CP, Nicolini H, Perkins DO, Rakofsky JJ, Rapaport MH, Medeiros H, Sobell JL, Green EK, Backlund L, Bergen SE, Juréus A, Schalling M, Lichtenstein P, Roussos P, Knowles JA, Jones I, Jones LA, Hultman CM, Perlis RH, Purcell SM, McCarroll SA, Pato CN, Pato MT, Craddock N, Landén M, Smoller JW, Sklar P. Evidence for genetic heterogeneity between clinical subtypes of bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e993. [PMID: 28072414 PMCID: PMC5545718 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide association study of 6447 bipolar disorder (BD) cases and 12 639 controls from the International Cohort Collection for Bipolar Disorder (ICCBD). Meta-analysis was performed with prior results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Bipolar Disorder Working Group for a combined sample of 13 902 cases and 19 279 controls. We identified eight genome-wide significant, associated regions, including a novel associated region on chromosome 10 (rs10884920; P=3.28 × 10-8) that includes the brain-enriched cytoskeleton protein adducin 3 (ADD3), a non-coding RNA, and a neuropeptide-specific aminopeptidase P (XPNPEP1). Our large sample size allowed us to test the heritability and genetic correlation of BD subtypes and investigate their genetic overlap with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. We found a significant difference in heritability of the two most common forms of BD (BD I SNP-h2=0.35; BD II SNP-h2=0.25; P=0.02). The genetic correlation between BD I and BD II was 0.78, whereas the genetic correlation was 0.97 when BD cohorts containing both types were compared. In addition, we demonstrated a significantly greater load of polygenic risk alleles for schizophrenia and BD in patients with BD I compared with patients with BD II, and a greater load of schizophrenia risk alleles in patients with the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder compared with patients with either BD I or BD II. These results point to a partial difference in the genetic architecture of BD subtypes as currently defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - D M Ruderfer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - E A Stahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - J L Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R A Belliveau
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L Forty
- MRC Centre for Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff Unviersity, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Gordon-Smith
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - A Di Florio
- MRC Centre for Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff Unviersity, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P H Lee
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - P F Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgia Regents University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M A Escamilla
- Center of Excellence in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - A H Fanous
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L J Fochtmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - D S Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - D Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S R Marder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C P Morley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Departments of Family Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - H Nicolini
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Psychiatry, Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J J Rakofsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M H Rapaport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J L Sobell
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E K Green
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - L Backlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S E Bergen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Juréus
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Jones
- MRC Centre for Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff Unviersity, Cardiff, UK
| | - L A Jones
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - C M Hultman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R H Perlis
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - S A McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C N Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M T Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Craddock
- MRC Centre for Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff Unviersity, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
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Fiorentino A, O'Brien NL, Sharp SI, Curtis D, Bass NJ, McQuillin A. Genetic variation in the miR-708 gene and its binding targets in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:650-656. [PMID: 27864917 PMCID: PMC5244671 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE rs12576775 was found to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS signal implicates genes for the microRNAs miR-708 and miR-5579 and the first exon of the Odd Oz/ten-m homolog 4 gene (ODZ4). In the present study, miR-708, its surrounding region, and its targets were analyzed for potential BD-associated functional variants. METHODS The miR-708 gene and surrounding regions were screened for variation using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis in 1099 cases of BD, followed by genotyping of rare variants in an enlarged sample of 2078 subjects with BD, 1303 subjects with schizophrenia, and 1355 healthy controls. Whole-genome sequencing data from 99 subjects with BD were analyzed for variation in potential miR-708 binding sites. The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of these variants were compared with those reported in reference individuals. RESULTS Three variants detected by HRM were selected to be genotyped. rs754333774 was detected in three cases of BD, two cases of schizophrenia, and no controls. This variant is located 260 base pairs upstream from miR-708 and may play a role in controlling the expression of the miR. Four variants were identified in miR-708 targets binding sites. The MAFs of each of these variants were similar in BD and reference samples. CONCLUSIONS We report a single recurrent variant located near the miR-708 gene that may have a role in BD and schizophrenia susceptibility. These findings await replication in independent cohorts, as do functional analyses of the potential consequences of this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Fiorentino
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK,UCL Institute of OphthalmologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Niamh Louise O'Brien
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sally Isabel Sharp
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - David Curtis
- UCL Genetics InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK,Centre for PsychiatryBarts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Nicholas James Bass
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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The polygenic risk for bipolar disorder influences brain regional function relating to visual and default state processing of emotional information. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:838-844. [PMID: 27857885 PMCID: PMC5103100 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wise association studies have identified a number of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), each of small effect, associated with risk to bipolar disorder (BD). Several risk-conferring SNPs have been individually shown to influence regional brain activation thus linking genetic risk for BD to altered brain function. The current study examined whether the polygenic risk score method, which models the cumulative load of all known risk-conferring SNPs, may be useful in the identification of brain regions whose function may be related to the polygenic architecture of BD. We calculated the individual polygenic risk score for BD (PGR-BD) in forty-one patients with the disorder, twenty-five unaffected first-degree relatives and forty-six unrelated healthy controls using the most recent Psychiatric Genomics Consortium data. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to define task-related brain activation patterns in response to facial affect and working memory processing. We found significant effects of the PGR-BD score on task-related activation irrespective of diagnostic group. There was a negative association between the PGR-BD score and activation in the visual association cortex during facial affect processing. In contrast, the PGR-BD score was associated with failure to deactivate the ventromedial prefrontal region of the default mode network during working memory processing. These results are consistent with the threshold-liability model of BD, and demonstrate the usefulness of the PGR-BD score in identifying brain functional alternations associated with vulnerability to BD. Additionally, our findings suggest that the polygenic architecture of BD is not regionally confined but impacts on the task-dependent recruitment of multiple brain regions.
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Sittig LJ, Carbonetto P, Engel KA, Krauss KS, Barrios-Camacho CM, Palmer AA. Genetic Background Limits Generalizability of Genotype-Phenotype Relationships. Neuron 2016; 91:1253-1259. [PMID: 27618673 PMCID: PMC5033712 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous loci that influence risk for psychiatric diseases. Genetically engineered mice are often used to characterize genes implicated by GWASs. These studies are based on the assumption that observed genotype-phenotype relationships will generalize to humans, implying that the results would at least generalize to other inbred mouse strains. Given current concerns about reproducibility, we sought to directly test this assumption. We produced F1 crosses between male C57BL/6J mice heterozygous for null alleles of Cacna1c and Tcf7l2 and wild-type females from 30 inbred laboratory strains. We found extremely strong interactions with genetic background that sometimes supported diametrically opposing conclusions. These results do not negate the invaluable contributions of mouse genetics to biomedical science, but they do show that genotype-phenotype relationships cannot be reliably inferred by studying a single genetic background, and thus constitute a major challenge to the status quo. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Sittig
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter Carbonetto
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kyle A Engel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kathleen S Krauss
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Camila M Barrios-Camacho
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Jawinski P, Sander C, Mauche N, Spada J, Huang J, Schmidt A, Häntzsch M, Burkhardt R, Scholz M, Hegerl U, Hensch T. Brain Arousal Regulation in Carriers of Bipolar Disorder Risk Alleles. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:65-73. [PMID: 26509803 DOI: 10.1159/000437438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent genome-wide association studies identified a number of chromosomal risk loci for bipolar disorder (BD, 'manic-depressive illness'). According to the vigilance regulation model, the regulation of brain arousal (referred to as 'vigilance') when assessed via EEG is an emerging biomarker linked to the pathogenesis of manic and depressive episodes. On this basis, the present study aimed to assess whether carriers of BD risk alleles differ in brain arousal regulation. METHODS Healthy participants of the population-based Leipzig Health Care Study (LIFE) underwent a 20-min eyes-closed resting EEG paradigm. Brain arousal was assessed applying the computer-based Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL). The primary sample (n = 540) was genotyped for ten of the most reliable BD risk variants, of which two qualified for replication (n = 509). RESULTS Primary sample analyses revealed Bonferroni-adjusted significance for rs1006737 in CACNA1C (encoding a calcium channel subunit), with risk allele carriers exhibiting relatively steep brain arousal declines. Further, carriers of two risk alleles of rs472913 at 1p32.1 showed generally lower brain arousal levels for the duration of the resting paradigm. However, both associations failed replication. CONCLUSION Although our initial findings are in line with the vigilance regulation model and convincing in view of the previously reported notable role of ion channelopathies in BD, our results do not provide consistent evidence for a link between BD risk variants and brain arousal regulation. Several between-sample differences may account for this inconsistency. The molecular genetics of brain arousal regulation remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jawinski
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Genome-wide association study identifies SESTD1 as a novel risk gene for lithium-responsive bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1290-7. [PMID: 26503763 PMCID: PMC4995544 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the mainstay prophylactic treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), but treatment response varies considerably across individuals. Patients who respond well to lithium treatment might represent a relatively homogeneous subtype of this genetically and phenotypically diverse disorder. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify (i) specific genetic variations influencing lithium response and (ii) genetic variants associated with risk for lithium-responsive BD. Patients with BD and controls were recruited from Sweden and the United Kingdom. GWAS were performed on 2698 patients with subjectively defined (self-reported) lithium response and 1176 patients with objectively defined (clinically documented) lithium response. We next conducted GWAS comparing lithium responders with healthy controls (1639 subjective responders and 8899 controls; 323 objective responders and 6684 controls). Meta-analyses of Swedish and UK results revealed no significant associations with lithium response within the bipolar subjects. However, when comparing lithium-responsive patients with controls, two imputed markers attained genome-wide significant associations, among which one was validated in confirmatory genotyping (rs116323614, P=2.74 × 10(-8)). It is an intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on chromosome 2q31.2 in the gene SEC14 and spectrin domains 1 (SESTD1), which encodes a protein involved in regulation of phospholipids. Phospholipids have been strongly implicated as lithium treatment targets. Furthermore, we estimated the proportion of variance for lithium-responsive BD explained by common variants ('SNP heritability') as 0.25 and 0.29 using two definitions of lithium response. Our results revealed a genetic variant in SESTD1 associated with risk for lithium-responsive BD, suggesting that the understanding of BD etiology could be furthered by focusing on this subtype of BD.
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Hughes T, Hansson L, Sønderby IE, Athanasiu L, Zuber V, Tesli M, Song J, Hultman CM, Bergen SE, Landén M, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Djurovic S. A Loss-of-Function Variant in a Minor Isoform of ANK3 Protects Against Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:323-330. [PMID: 26682468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankyrin-3 (ANK3) was one of the first genes to reach significance in a bipolar disorder genome-wide association study. Many subsequent association studies confirmed this finding and implicated this gene in schizophrenia. However, the exact nature of the role of ANK3 in the pathophysiology remains elusive. In particular, the specific isoforms involved and the nature of the imbalance are unknown. METHODS We genotyped a Norwegian sample of 402 patients with bipolar disorder, 293 patients with schizophrenia, and 330 healthy control subjects genome-wide with the Illumina Human Exome BeadChip. We performed allelic association tests at the genome-wide and gene levels and found a significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphism in a splice site of ANK3. We replicated this finding in two other samples and studied the functional effect of this single nucleotide polymorphism by performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the affected exon junction in complementary DNA from blood total RNA. RESULTS The splice site single nucleotide polymorphism (rs41283526) is located in an alternatively spliced exon of ANK3 and has a strong and significant protective effect against bipolar disorder (odds ratio = .31) and schizophrenia (odds ratio = .21). The minor allele of rs41283526 is a loss-of-function variant that disables the correct splicing of the transcript. Data from the BrainSpan human developmental transcriptome show that the exon bearing this variant is expressed only in a minor isoform of ANK3, the transcription of which is initiated in early adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that an elevated expression of this transcript starting in adolescence may be an important factor in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hughes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo.
| | - Lars Hansson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Verena Zuber
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo; Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
| | - Martin Tesli
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Lipscombe D, Andrade A. Calcium Channel CaVα₁ Splice Isoforms - Tissue Specificity and Drug Action. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2016; 8:22-31. [PMID: 25966698 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150507103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium ion channels are essential for numerous biological functions of excitable cells and there is wide spread appreciation of their importance as drug targets in the treatment of many disorders including those of cardiovascular and nervous systems. Each Cacna1 gene has the potential to generate a number of structurally, functionally, and in some cases pharmacologically unique CaVα1 subunits through alternative pre-mRNA splicing and the use of alternate promoters. Analyses of rapidly emerging deep sequencing data for a range of human tissue transcriptomes contain information to quantify tissue-specific and alternative exon usage patterns for Cacna1 genes. Cellspecific actions of nuclear DNA and RNA binding proteins control the use of alternate promoters and the selection of alternate exons during pre-mRNA splicing, and they determine the spectrum of protein isoforms expressed within different types of cells. Amino acid compositions within discrete protein domains can differ substantially among CaV isoforms expressed in different tissues, and such differences may be greater than those that exist across CaV channel homologs of closely related species. Here we highlight examples of CaV isoforms that have unique expression patterns and that exhibit different pharmacological sensitivities. Knowledge of expression patterns of CaV isoforms in different human tissues, cell populations, ages, and disease states should inform strategies aimed at developing the next generation of CaV channel inhibitors and agonists with improved tissue-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lipscombe
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University. Providence, RI, USA.
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60
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Hou L, Bergen SE, Akula N, Song J, Hultman CM, Landén M, Adli M, Alda M, Ardau R, Arias B, Aubry JM, Backlund L, Badner JA, Barrett TB, Bauer M, Baune BT, Bellivier F, Benabarre A, Bengesser S, Berrettini WH, Bhattacharjee AK, Biernacka JM, Birner A, Bloss CS, Brichant-Petitjean C, Bui ET, Byerley W, Cervantes P, Chillotti C, Cichon S, Colom F, Coryell W, Craig DW, Cruceanu C, Czerski PM, Davis T, Dayer A, Degenhardt F, Del Zompo M, DePaulo JR, Edenberg HJ, Étain B, Falkai P, Foroud T, Forstner AJ, Frisén L, Frye MA, Fullerton JM, Gard S, Garnham JS, Gershon ES, Goes FS, Greenwood TA, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Hauser J, Heilbronner U, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Herms S, Hipolito M, Hitturlingappa S, Hoffmann P, Hofmann A, Jamain S, Jiménez E, Kahn JP, Kassem L, Kelsoe JR, Kittel-Schneider S, Kliwicki S, Koller DL, König B, Lackner N, Laje G, Lang M, Lavebratt C, Lawson WB, Leboyer M, Leckband SG, Liu C, Maaser A, Mahon PB, Maier W, Maj M, Manchia M, Martinsson L, McCarthy MJ, McElroy SL, McInnis MG, McKinney R, Mitchell PB, Mitjans M, Mondimore FM, Monteleone P, Mühleisen TW, Nievergelt CM, Nöthen MM, Novák T, Nurnberger JI, Nwulia EA, Ösby U, Pfennig A, Potash JB, Propping P, Reif A, Reininghaus E, Rice J, Rietschel M, Rouleau GA, Rybakowski JK, Schalling M, Scheftner WA, Schofield PR, Schork NJ, Schulze TG, Schumacher J, Schweizer BW, Severino G, Shekhtman T, Shilling PD, Simhandl C, Slaney CM, Smith EN, Squassina A, Stamm T, Stopkova P, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Szelinger S, Tighe SK, Tortorella A, Turecki G, Vieta E, Volkert J, Witt SH, Wright A, Zandi PP, Zhang P, Zollner S, McMahon FJ. Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3383-3394. [PMID: 27329760 PMCID: PMC5179929 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behaviour. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ∼2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, P = 5.87 × 10 - 9; odds ratio (OR) = 1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, P = 4.53 × 10 - 9; OR = 1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hou
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nirmala Akula
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital University Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bárbara Arias
- Department of Biologia Animal, Unitat d'Antropologia (Dp. Biología Animal), Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Aubry
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lena Backlund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith A Badner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Frank Bellivier
- INSERM UMR-S 1144 - Université Paris Diderot. Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-F. Widal, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Special Outpatient Center for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Armin Birner
- Special Outpatient Center for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Clara Brichant-Petitjean
- INSERM UMR-S 1144 - Université Paris Diderot. Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-F. Widal, Paris, France
| | - Elise T Bui
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Cervantes
- McGill University Health Centre, Mood Disorders Program, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital University Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesc Colom
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - William Coryell
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David W Craig
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Piotr M Czerski
- Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tony Davis
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandre Dayer
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - J Raymond DePaulo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bruno Étain
- INSERM U955, Psychiatrie translationnelle, Université Paris Est Créteil, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Louise Frisén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Psychiatric Genetics, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sébastien Gard
- Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie S Garnham
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Hipolito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Hofmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephane Jamain
- INSERM U955, Psychiatrie translationnelle, Université Paris Est Créteil, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Kahn
- Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy - Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Layla Kassem
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kliwicki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel L Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Barbara König
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeuthic Medicine, Landesklinikum Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen, Austria
| | - Nina Lackner
- Special Outpatient Center for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gonzalo Laje
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maren Lang
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William B Lawson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM U955, Psychiatrie translationnelle, Université Paris Est Créteil, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Susan G Leckband
- Department of Pharmacy, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Maaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pamela B Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lina Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Mason, OH, USA
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca McKinney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marina Mitjans
- Department of Biologia Animal, Unitat d'Antropologia (Dp. Biología Animal), Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francis M Mondimore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
- Neurosciences Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomas Novák
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Evaristus A Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Urban Ösby
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Propping
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Reininghaus
- Special Outpatient Center for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - John Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter R Schofield
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Mental Illness, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Thomas G Schulze
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara W Schweizer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tatyana Shekhtman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul D Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Claire M Slaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Erin N Smith
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Thomas Stamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavla Stopkova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Sarah K Tighe
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julia Volkert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adam Wright
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sebastian Zollner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA,
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Kittel-Schneider S, Lorenz C, Auer J, Weißflog L, Reif A. DGKH genetic risk variant influences gene expression in bipolar affective disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 198:148-57. [PMID: 27016658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DGKH is a replicated risk gene of bipolar disorder (BD). However, the pathophysiological role of the coded protein, diacylglycerol kinase eta, remains elusive. METHODS In this proof-of-concept study we isolated mRNA from peripheral blood and fibroblasts of heterozygote DGKH risk variants carriers (risk haplotype rs994856/rs9525580/rs9525584 GAT) with bipolar disorder and non-risk variant carriers with and without bipolar disorder. Gene expression of DGKH1, DGKH2, INPP5E, PI4K2B, PIK4CA, PLCG2, PRKCA, PRKCD, PRKCE and PRKCH was analysed by qRT PCR. RESULTS DGKH1 expression was increased in peripheral blood of risk variant carriers (p=0.027). In fibroblast cells, PRKCD expression was significantly increased in DGKH GAT carriers (p=0.037). Patients with a current depressive episode had lower PRKCD levels and lithium treatment was associated with increased PRKCA expression (p=0.005, and p=0.033). LIMITATIONS No homozygote risk variant carriers and no healthy risk variant carriers were included due to their infrequency. Bipolar patients carrying the GAT haplotype were older with marginal significance, as age had also an influence on DGKH expression levels but not on PRKCD levels, replication with better age-matched samples and also bigger samples are needed. CONCLUSIONS The results add evidence for the role of fibroblast cells and peripheral blood as useful tools in the functional characterisation of risk gene variants. Also a combination of genotyping and peripheral gene expression analysis could proof useful in the search of biomarkers for endophenotypes. Furthermore, we could confirm the role of the inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate second messenger pathway and protein kinase C in the pathogenesis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Carina Lorenz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joyce Auer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lena Weißflog
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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62
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Huang L, Mo Y, Sun X, Yu H, Li H, Wu L, Li M. The impact of CACNA1C allelic variation on regional gray matter volume in Chinese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:396-401. [PMID: 26756527 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The SNP rs1006737 in CACNA1C gene has been significantly associated with psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) in European populations. In Han Chinese, rs1006737 is also strongly associated with schizophrenia, although the effects of the psychosis risk SNP on related brain functions and structures in this population remain unclear. Here, we examined the association of rs1006737 with gray matter volume in a sample of 278 healthy Han Chinese. A whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed a significant association in the region around right superior occipital gyrus (family-wise error corrected, P = 0.023). Our data provides initial evidence for the involvement of this psychosis genetic risk locus in brain structure variations in Chinese population, and calls for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yin Mo
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuejin Sun
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hualin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lichuan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Moons T, De Hert M, Gellens E, Gielen L, Sweers K, Jacqmaert S, van Winkel R, Vandekerckhove P, Claes S. Genetic Evaluation of Schizophrenia Using the Illumina HumanExome Chip. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150464. [PMID: 27028512 PMCID: PMC4814136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that is associated with several common and rare genetic variants. As technology involved, cost advantages of chip based genotyping was combined with information about rare variants, resulting in the Infinium HumanExome Beadchip. Using this chip, a sample of 493 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 484 healthy controls was genotyped. RESULTS From the initial 242901 SNVs, 88306 had at least one minor allele and passed quality control. No variant reached genomewide-significant results (p<10(-8)). The SNP with the lowest p-value was rs1230345 in WISP3 (p = 3.05*10(-6)), followed by rs9311525 in CACNA2D3 (p = 1.03*10(-5)) and rs1558557 (p = 3.85*10(-05)) on chromosome 7. At the gene level, 3 genes were of interest: WISP3, on chromosome 6q21, a signally protein from the extracellular matrix. A second candidate gene is CACNA2D3, a regulator of the intracerebral calcium pathway. A third gene is TNFSF10, associated with p53 mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Moons
- GRASP research group, UPC KULeuven, Campus Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc De Hert
- UPC KULeuven, campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Edith Gellens
- GRASP research group, UPC KULeuven, Campus Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Gielen
- UPC KULeuven, campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Kim Sweers
- UPC KULeuven, campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | | | - Ruud van Winkel
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Vandekerckhove
- Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
- KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- GRASP research group, UPC KULeuven, Campus Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Although genetic studies of Bipolar Disorder have been pursued for decades, it has only been in the last several years that clearly replicated findings have emerged. These findings, typically of modest effects, point to a polygenic genetic architecture consisting of multiple common and rare susceptibility variants. While larger genome-wide association studies are ongoing, the advent of whole exome and genome sequencing should lead to the identification of rare, and potentially more penetrant, variants. Progress along both fronts will provide novel insights into the biology of Bipolar Disorder and help usher in a new era of personalized medicine and improved treatments.
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Lee AS, De Jesús-Cortés H, Kabir ZD, Knobbe W, Orr M, Burgdorf C, Huntington P, McDaniel L, Britt JK, Hoffmann F, Brat DJ, Rajadhyaksha AM, Pieper AA. The Neuropsychiatric Disease-Associated Gene cacna1c Mediates Survival of Young Hippocampal Neurons. eNeuro 2016; 3:ENEURO.0006-16.2016. [PMID: 27066530 PMCID: PMC4819284 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0006-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in CACNA1C, which encodes the Cav1.2 subunit of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), are associated with multiple forms of neuropsychiatric disease that manifest high anxiety in patients. In parallel, mice harboring forebrain-specific conditional knockout of cacna1c (forebrain-Cav1.2 cKO) display unusually high anxiety-like behavior. LTCCs in general, including the Cav1.3 subunit, have been shown to mediate differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs). However, it has not previously been determined whether Cav1.2 affects postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. Here, we show that forebrain-Cav1.2 cKO mice exhibit enhanced cell death of young hippocampal neurons, with no change in NPC proliferation, hippocampal size, dentate gyrus thickness, or corticosterone levels compared with wild-type littermates. These mice also exhibit deficits in brain levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Cre recombinase-mediated knockdown of adult hippocampal Cav1.2 recapitulates the deficit in young hippocampal neurons survival. Treatment of forebrain-Cav1.2 cKO mice with the neuroprotective agent P7C3-A20 restored the net magnitude of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis to wild-type levels without ameliorating their deficit in BDNF expression. The role of Cav1.2 in young hippocampal neurons survival may provide new approaches for understanding and treating neuropsychiatric disease associated with aberrations in CACNA1C. Visual Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni S. Lee
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Héctor De Jesús-Cortés
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Zeeba D. Kabir
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Whitney Knobbe
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Madeline Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Caitlin Burgdorf
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Paula Huntington
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Latisha McDaniel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Jeremiah K. Britt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Franz Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Research Group 923, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Brat
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Anjali M. Rajadhyaksha
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Department of Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Department of Veteran Affairs, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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Li M, Luo XJ, Landén M, Bergen SE, Hultman CM, Li X, Zhang W, Yao YG, Zhang C, Liu J, Mattheisen M, Cichon S, Mühleisen TW, Degenhardt FA, Nöthen MM, Schulze TG, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Li H, Fuller CK, Chen C, Dong Q, Chen C, Jamain S, Leboyer M, Bellivier F, Etain B, Kahn JP, Henry C, Preisig M, Kutalik Z, Castelao E, Wright A, Mitchell PB, Fullerton JM, Schofield PR, Montgomery GW, Medland SE, Gordon SD, Martin NG, Rietschel M, Liu C, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Weinberger DR, Su B. Impact of a cis-associated gene expression SNP on chromosome 20q11.22 on bipolar disorder susceptibility, hippocampal structure and cognitive performance. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 208:128-37. [PMID: 26338991 PMCID: PMC4829352 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable polygenic disorder. Recent enrichment analyses suggest that there may be true risk variants for bipolar disorder in the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in the brain. AIMS We sought to assess the impact of eQTL variants on bipolar disorder risk by combining data from both bipolar disorder genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and brain eQTL. METHOD To detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence expression levels of genes associated with bipolar disorder, we jointly analysed data from a bipolar disorder GWAS (7481 cases and 9250 controls) and a genome-wide brain (cortical) eQTL (193 healthy controls) using a Bayesian statistical method, with independent follow-up replications. The identified risk SNP was then further tested for association with hippocampal volume (n = 5775) and cognitive performance (n = 342) among healthy individuals. RESULTS Integrative analysis revealed a significant association between a brain eQTL rs6088662 on chromosome 20q11.22 and bipolar disorder (log Bayes factor = 5.48; bipolar disorder P = 5.85 × 10(-5)). Follow-up studies across multiple independent samples confirmed the association of the risk SNP (rs6088662) with gene expression and bipolar disorder susceptibility (P = 3.54 × 10(-8)). Further exploratory analysis revealed that rs6088662 is also associated with hippocampal volume and cognitive performance in healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that 20q11.22 is likely a risk region for bipolar disorder; they also highlight the informative value of integrating functional annotation of genetic variants for gene expression in advancing our understanding of the biological basis underlying complex disorders, such as bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiong-jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,University of Rochester Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarah E. Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina M. Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Sven Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Institute of Human Genetics and Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organization of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Institute of Human Genetics and Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organization of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Franziska A. Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics and Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics and Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas G. Schulze
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,Section on Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chris K. Fuller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chunhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, Hôpital A. Chenevier - H. Mondor, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière - F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Paris, France,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, Hôpital A. Chenevier - H. Mondor, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Kahn
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,Département de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Clinique, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Jeanne d'Arc, Toul, France
| | - Chantal Henry
- Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France,AP-HP, Hôpital A. Chenevier - H. Mondor, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Adam Wright
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Philip B. Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Scott D. Gordon
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joel E. Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas M. Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Advancing drug discovery for neuropsychiatric disorders using patient-specific stem cell models. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 73:104-15. [PMID: 26826498 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling clinical, social, and economic reasons exist to innovate in the process of drug discovery for neuropsychiatric disorders. The use of patient-specific, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) now affords the ability to generate neuronal cell-based models that recapitulate key aspects of human disease. In the context of neuropsychiatric disorders, where access to physiologically active and relevant cell types of the central nervous system for research is extremely limiting, iPSC-derived in vitro culture of human neurons and glial cells is transformative. Potential applications relevant to early stage drug discovery, include support of quantitative biochemistry, functional genomics, proteomics, and perhaps most notably, high-throughput and high-content chemical screening. While many phenotypes in human iPSC-derived culture systems may prove adaptable to screening formats, addressing the question of which in vitro phenotypes are ultimately relevant to disease pathophysiology and therefore more likely to yield effective pharmacological agents that are disease-modifying treatments requires careful consideration. Here, we review recent examples of studies of neuropsychiatric disorders using human stem cell models where cellular phenotypes linked to disease and functional assays have been reported. We also highlight technical advances using genome-editing technologies in iPSCs to support drug discovery efforts, including the interpretation of the functional significance of rare genetic variants of unknown significance and for the purpose of creating cell type- and pathway-selective functional reporter assays. Additionally, we evaluate the potential of in vitro stem cell models to investigate early events of disease pathogenesis, in an effort to understand the underlying molecular mechanism, including the basis of selective cell-type vulnerability, and the potential to create new cell-based diagnostics to aid in the classification of patients and subsequent selection for clinical trials. A number of key challenges remain, including the scaling of iPSC models to larger cohorts and integration with rich clinicopathological information and translation of phenotypes. Still, the overall use of iPSC-based human cell models with functional cellular and biochemical assays holds promise for supporting the discovery of next-generation neuropharmacological agents for the treatment and ultimately prevention of a range of severe mental illnesses.
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68
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Green EK, Rees E, Walters JTR, Smith KG, Forty L, Grozeva D, Moran JL, Sklar P, Ripke S, Chambert KD, Genovese G, McCarroll SA, Jones I, Jones L, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Craddock N, Kirov G. Copy number variation in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:89-93. [PMID: 25560756 PMCID: PMC5038134 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Large (>100 kb), rare (<1% in the population) copy number variants (CNVs) have been shown to confer risk for schizophrenia (SZ), but the findings for bipolar disorder (BD) are less clear. In a new BD sample from the United Kingdom (n=2591), we have examined the occurrence of CNVs and compared this with previously reported samples of 6882 SZ and 8842 control subjects. When combined with previous data, we find evidence for a contribution to BD for three SZ-associated CNV loci: duplications at 1q21.1 (P=0.022), deletions at 3q29 (P=0.03) and duplications at 16p11.2 (P=2.3 × 10(-4)). The latter survives multiple-testing correction for the number of recurrent large CNV loci in the genome. Genes in 20 regions (total of 55 genes) were enriched for rare exonic CNVs among BD cases, but none of these survives correction for multiple testing. Finally, our data provide strong support for the hypothesis of a lesser contribution of very large (>500 kb) CNVs in BD compared with SZ, most notably for deletions >1 Mb (P=9 × 10(-4)).
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Green
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - E Rees
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - K-G Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, National Centre for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Forty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Grozeva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J L Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Sklar
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Ripke
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics in the Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K D Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Genovese
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S A McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - I Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, National Centre for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - G Kirov
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Liu X, Kelsoe JR, Greenwood TA. A genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder with comorbid eating disorder replicates the SOX2-OT region. J Affect Disord 2016; 189:141-9. [PMID: 26433762 PMCID: PMC4640946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a heterogeneous mood disorder associated with several important clinical comorbidities, such as eating disorders. This clinical heterogeneity complicates the identification of genetic variants contributing to bipolar susceptibility. Here we investigate comorbidity of eating disorders as a subphenotype of bipolar disorder to identify genetic variation that is common and unique to both disorders. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association analysis contrasting 184 bipolar subjects with eating disorder comorbidity against both 1370 controls and 2006 subjects with bipolar disorder only from the Bipolar Genome Study (BiGS). RESULTS The most significant genome-wide finding was observed bipolar with comorbid eating disorder vs. controls within SOX2-OT (p=8.9×10(-8) for rs4854912) with a secondary peak in the adjacent FXR1 gene (p=1.2×10(-6) for rs1805576) on chromosome 3q26.33. This region was also the most prominent finding in the case-only analysis (p=3.5×10(-7) and 4.3×10(-6), respectively). Several regions of interest containing genes involved in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection processes were also identified. LIMITATIONS While our primary finding did not quite reach genome-wide significance, likely due to the relatively limited sample size, these results can be viewed as a replication of a recent study of eating disorders in a large cohort. CONCLUSIONS These findings replicate the prior association of SOX2-OT with eating disorders and broadly support the involvement of neurodevelopmental/neuroprotective mechanisms in the pathophysiology of both disorders. They further suggest that different clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder may reflect differential genetic contributions and argue for the utility of clinical subphenotypes in identifying additional molecular pathways leading to illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | - John R. Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, CA,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Barr CL, Misener VL. Decoding the non-coding genome: elucidating genetic risk outside the coding genome. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:187-204. [PMID: 26515765 PMCID: PMC4833497 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence emerging from genome-wide association studies indicates that the genetic underpinnings of complex traits are likely attributable to genetic variation that changes gene expression, rather than (or in combination with) variation that changes protein-coding sequences. This is particularly compelling with respect to psychiatric disorders, as genetic changes in regulatory regions may result in differential transcriptional responses to developmental cues and environmental/psychosocial stressors. Until recently, however, the link between transcriptional regulation and psychiatric genetic risk has been understudied. Multiple obstacles have contributed to the paucity of research in this area, including challenges in identifying the positions of remote (distal from the promoter) regulatory elements (e.g. enhancers) and their target genes and the underrepresentation of neural cell types and brain tissues in epigenome projects - the availability of high-quality brain tissues for epigenetic and transcriptome profiling, particularly for the adolescent and developing brain, has been limited. Further challenges have arisen in the prediction and testing of the functional impact of DNA variation with respect to multiple aspects of transcriptional control, including regulatory-element interaction (e.g. between enhancers and promoters), transcription factor binding and DNA methylation. Further, the brain has uncommon DNA-methylation marks with unique genomic distributions not found in other tissues - current evidence suggests the involvement of non-CG methylation and 5-hydroxymethylation in neurodevelopmental processes but much remains unknown. We review here knowledge gaps as well as both technological and resource obstacles that will need to be overcome in order to elucidate the involvement of brain-relevant gene-regulatory variants in genetic risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Barr
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V. L. Misener
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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71
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Loebrich S, Rathje M, Hager E, Ataman B, Harmin DA, Greenberg ME, Nedivi E. Genomic mapping and cellular expression of human CPG2 transcripts in the SYNE1 gene. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 71:46-55. [PMID: 26704904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a prevalent and severe mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in BD etiology, but the biological underpinnings remain elusive. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for identifying genes conferring risk for schizophrenia, BD, and major depression, identified an association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SYNE1 gene and increased risk of BD. SYNE1 has also been identified as a risk locus for multiple other neurological or neuromuscular genetic disorders. The BD associated SNPs map within the gene region homologous to part of rat Syne1 encompassing the brain specific transcripts encoding CPG2, a postsynaptic neuronal protein localized to excitatory synapses and an important regulator of glutamate receptor internalization. Here, we use RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and RACE to map the human SYNE1 transcriptome, focusing on the CPG2 locus. We validate several CPG2 transcripts, including ones not previously annotated in public databases, and identify and clone a full-length CPG2 cDNA expressed in human neocortex, hippocampus and striatum. Using lenti-viral gene knock down/replacement and surface receptor internalization assays, we demonstrate that human CPG2 protein localizes to dendritic spines in rat hippocampal neurons and is functionally equivalent to rat CPG2 in regulating glutamate receptor internalization. This study provides a valuable gene-mapping framework for relating multiple genetic disease loci in SYNE1 with their transcripts, and for evaluating the effects of missense SNPs identified by patient genome sequencing on neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Loebrich
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mette Rathje
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emily Hager
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bulent Ataman
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David A Harmin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Elly Nedivi
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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72
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Forstner AJ, Hofmann A, Maaser A, Sumer S, Khudayberdiev S, Mühleisen TW, Leber M, Schulze TG, Strohmaier J, Degenhardt F, Treutlein J, Mattheisen M, Schumacher J, Breuer R, Meier S, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Lacour A, Witt SH, Reif A, Müller-Myhsok B, Lucae S, Maier W, Schwarz M, Vedder H, Kammerer-Ciernioch J, Pfennig A, Bauer M, Hautzinger M, Moebus S, Priebe L, Sivalingam S, Verhaert A, Schulz H, Czerski PM, Hauser J, Lissowska J, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Brennan P, McKay JD, Wright A, Mitchell PB, Fullerton JM, Schofield PR, Montgomery GW, Medland SE, Gordon SD, Martin NG, Krasnov V, Chuchalin A, Babadjanova G, Pantelejeva G, Abramova LI, Tiganov AS, Polonikov A, Khusnutdinova E, Alda M, Cruceanu C, Rouleau GA, Turecki G, Laprise C, Rivas F, Mayoral F, Kogevinas M, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Propping P, Becker T, Rietschel M, Cichon S, Schratt G, Nöthen MM. Genome-wide analysis implicates microRNAs and their target genes in the development of bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e678. [PMID: 26556287 PMCID: PMC5068755 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 1%. Molecular genetic studies have identified the first BD susceptibility genes. However, the disease pathways remain largely unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, contribute to basic mechanisms underlying brain development and plasticity, suggesting their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders, including BD. In the present study, gene-based analyses were performed for all known autosomal microRNAs using the largest genome-wide association data set of BD to date (9747 patients and 14 278 controls). Associated and brain-expressed microRNAs were then investigated in target gene and pathway analyses. Functional analyses of miR-499 and miR-708 were performed in rat hippocampal neurons. Ninety-eight of the six hundred nine investigated microRNAs showed nominally significant P-values, suggesting that BD-associated microRNAs might be enriched within known microRNA loci. After correction for multiple testing, nine microRNAs showed a significant association with BD. The most promising were miR-499, miR-708 and miR-1908. Target gene and pathway analyses revealed 18 significant canonical pathways, including brain development and neuron projection. For miR-499, four Bonferroni-corrected significant target genes were identified, including the genome-wide risk gene for psychiatric disorder CACNB2. First results of functional analyses in rat hippocampal neurons neither revealed nor excluded a major contribution of miR-499 or miR-708 to dendritic spine morphogenesis. The present results suggest that research is warranted to elucidate the precise involvement of microRNAs and their downstream pathways in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Hofmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Maaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Sumer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - S Khudayberdiev
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - T W Mühleisen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - M Leber
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute for Genomics Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Breuer
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Meier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Lacour
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - S H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Lucae
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - W Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Psychiatric Center Nordbaden, Wiesloch, Germany
| | - H Vedder
- Psychiatric Center Nordbaden, Wiesloch, Germany
| | | | - A Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Hautzinger
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Priebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Sivalingam
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Verhaert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Schulz
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P M Czerski
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - P Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J D McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - A Wright
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - P B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - J M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S E Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S D Gordon
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - V Krasnov
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A Chuchalin
- Institute of Pulmonology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - G Babadjanova
- Institute of Pulmonology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - G Pantelejeva
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - L I Abramova
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A S Tiganov
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
| | - E Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - C Cruceanu
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies and Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Turecki
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies and Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Laprise
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - F Rivas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Regional Universitario, Biomedical Institute of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - F Mayoral
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Regional Universitario, Biomedical Institute of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Kogevinas
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - P Propping
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Becker
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Schratt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Knott S, Forty L, Craddock N, Thomas RH. Epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:267-74. [PMID: 26316422 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that mood disorders and epilepsy commonly co-occur. Despite this, our knowledge regarding the relationship between epilepsy and bipolar disorder is limited. Several shared features between the two disorders, such as their episodic nature and potential to run a chronic course, and the efficacy of some antiepileptic medications in the prophylaxis of both disorders, are often cited as evidence of possible shared underlying pathophysiology. The present paper aims to review the bidirectional associations between epilepsy and bipolar disorder, with a focus on epidemiological links, evidence for shared etiology, and the impact of these disorders on both the individual and wider society. Better recognition and understanding of these two complex disorders, along with an integrated clinical approach, are crucial for improved evaluation and management of comorbid epilepsy and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Knott
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Liz Forty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Nick Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Rhys H Thomas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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74
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Heyes S, Pratt WS, Rees E, Dahimene S, Ferron L, Owen MJ, Dolphin AC. Genetic disruption of voltage-gated calcium channels in psychiatric and neurological disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 134:36-54. [PMID: 26386135 PMCID: PMC4658333 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channel classification—genes and proteins. Genetic analysis of neuropsychiatric syndromes. Calcium channel genes identified from GWA studies of psychiatric disorders. Rare mutations in calcium channel genes in psychiatric disorders. Pathophysiological sequelae of CACNA1C mutations and polymorphisms. Monogenic disorders resulting from harmful mutations in other voltage-gated calcium channel genes. Changes in calcium channel gene expression in disease. Involvement of voltage-gated calcium channels in early brain development.
This review summarises genetic studies in which calcium channel genes have been connected to the spectrum of neuropsychiatric syndromes, from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia to autism spectrum disorders and intellectual impairment. Among many other genes, striking numbers of the calcium channel gene superfamily have been implicated in the aetiology of these diseases by various DNA analysis techniques. We will discuss how these relate to the known monogenic disorders associated with point mutations in calcium channels. We will then examine the functional evidence for a causative link between these mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms and the disease processes. A major challenge for the future will be to translate the expanding psychiatric genetic findings into altered physiological function, involvement in the wider pathology of the diseases, and what potential that provides for personalised and stratified treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Heyes
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wendy S Pratt
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elliott Rees
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Shehrazade Dahimene
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laurent Ferron
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Ou X, Crane DE, MacIntosh BJ, Young LT, Arnold P, Ameis S, Goldstein BI. CACNA1C rs1006737 genotype and bipolar disorder: Focus on intermediate phenotypes and cardiovascular comorbidity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:198-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Hyperactive intracellular calcium ion (Ca) signaling in peripheral cells has been a reliable finding in bipolar disorder. Some established mood stabilizing medications, such as lithium and carbamazepine, have been found to normalize elevated intracellular Ca concentrations ([Ca]i) in platelets and lymphocytes from bipolar disorder patients, and some medications the primary effect of which is to attenuate increased [Ca]i have been reported to have mood stabilizing properties.Hyperactive intracellular Ca signaling has also been implicated in epilepsy, and some anticonvulsants have calcium antagonist properties. This study demonstrated that levetiracetam, an anticonvulsant that has been shown to block N and P/Q-type calcium channels in animal studies does not alter elevated [Ca]i in blood platelets of patients with bipolar disorder. Review of published clinical trials revealed no controlled evidence of efficacy as a mood stabilizer.This study underscores the possibility that pharmacologic actions of a medication in animals and normal subjects may not necessarily predict its pharmacologic or clinical effects in actual patients. Effects of treatments on pathophysiology that is demonstrated in clinical subtypes may be more likely to predict effectiveness in those subtypes than choosing medications based on structural similarities to established treatments.
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77
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Madison JM, Zhou F, Nigam A, Hussain A, Barker DD, Nehme R, van der Ven K, Hsu J, Wolf P, Fleishman M, O’Dushlaine C, Rose S, Chambert K, Lau FH, Ahfeldt T, Rueckert EH, Sheridan SD, Fass DM, Nemesh J, Mullen TE, Daheron L, McCarroll S, Sklar P, Perlis RH, Haggarty SJ. Characterization of bipolar disorder patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells from a family reveals neurodevelopmental and mRNA expression abnormalities. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:703-17. [PMID: 25733313 PMCID: PMC4440839 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by chronic recurrent episodes of depression and mania. Despite evidence for high heritability of BD, little is known about its underlying pathophysiology. To develop new tools for investigating the molecular and cellular basis of BD, we applied a family-based paradigm to derive and characterize a set of 12 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from a quartet consisting of two BD-affected brothers and their two unaffected parents. Initially, no significant phenotypic differences were observed between iPSCs derived from the different family members. However, upon directed neural differentiation, we observed that CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor-4) expressing central nervous system (CNS) neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from both BD patients compared with their unaffected parents exhibited multiple phenotypic differences at the level of neurogenesis and expression of genes critical for neuroplasticity, including WNT pathway components and ion channel subunits. Treatment of the CXCR4(+) NPCs with a pharmacological inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3, a known regulator of WNT signaling, was found to rescue a progenitor proliferation deficit in the BD patient NPCs. Taken together, these studies provide new cellular tools for dissecting the pathophysiology of BD and evidence for dysregulation of key pathways involved in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity. Future generation of additional iPSCs following a family-based paradigm for modeling complex neuropsychiatric disorders in conjunction with in-depth phenotyping holds promise for providing insights into the pathophysiological substrates of BD and is likely to inform the development of targeted therapeutics for its treatment and ideally prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M. Madison
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Correspondence: (JM), (SJH)
| | - Fen Zhou
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aparna Nigam
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ali Hussain
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Douglas D. Barker
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ralda Nehme
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Karlijn van der Ven
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jenny Hsu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pavlina Wolf
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Morgan Fleishman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Colm O’Dushlaine
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sam Rose
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kimberly Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Frank H. Lau
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Tim Ahfeldt
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Erroll H. Rueckert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven D. Sheridan
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel M. Fass
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James Nemesh
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E. Mullen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laurence Daheron
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Steve McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Roy H. Perlis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Correspondence: (JM), (SJH)
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Jacobsen KK, Nievergelt CM, Zayats T, Greenwood TA, Anttila V, Akiskal HS, Haavik J, Fasmer OB, Kelsoe JR, Johansson S, Oedegaard KJ. Genome wide association study identifies variants in NBEA associated with migraine in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:453-61. [PMID: 25451450 PMCID: PMC4394021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a common comorbidity among individuals with bipolar disorder, but the underlying mechanisms for this co-occurrence are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic background of bipolar patients with and without migraine. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association analysis contrasting 460 bipolar migraneurs with 914 bipolar patients without migraine from the Bipolar Genome Study (BiGS). RESULTS We identified one genome-wide significant association between migraine in bipolar disorder patients and rs1160720, an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NBEA gene (P=2.97 × 10(-8), OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.47-2.25), although this was not replicated in a smaller sample of 289 migraine cases. LIMITATIONS Our study is based on self-reported migraine. CONCLUSIONS NBEA encodes neurobeachin, a scaffolding protein primarily expressed in the brain and involved in trafficking of vesicles containing neurotransmitter receptors. This locus has not previously been implicated in migraine per se. We found no evidence of association in data from the GWAS migraine meta-analysis consortium (n=118,710 participants) suggesting that the association might be specific to migraine co-morbid with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya K. Jacobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Tetyana Zayats
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Verneri Anttila
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,lnstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hagop S. Akiskal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Department of Psychiatry, VA Hospital, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Bernt Fasmer
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - John R. Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA,Department of Psychiatry, VA Hospital, San Diego, USA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil J. Oedegaard
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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79
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Coleman C, Quinn EM, McManus R. Quality Control Procedures for High-Throughput Genetic Association Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1326:203-15. [PMID: 26498623 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2839-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies provide an unbiased approach to discovering the role of genetic determinants of disease across the human genome. The case-control design, the most frequently used GWA study design employed to date, compares allele frequencies in affected patients to those of unaffected controls. Several large-scale GWA studies have identified numerous risk variants for celiac disease (CD). However, due to their low marker density, the early GWA arrays failed to adequately capture much of the genetic variance associated with CD. The Immunochip, a custom Illumina Infinium high-density array containing 196,524 common and rare polymorphisms, was developed to allow deep replication and fine mapping of the previously established GWA significant loci identified in 12 major autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including CD. It has the advantage of allowing uniform sets of genetic markers to be compared across all diseases. This chapter describes the methods used to perform Immunochip genotyping and the bioinformatics steps necessary for quality control and analysis of the resulting data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Coleman
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Emma M Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ross McManus
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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80
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Neale BM, Sklar P. Genetic analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reveals polygenicity but also suggests new directions for molecular interrogation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 30:131-8. [PMID: 25544106 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, genetics research has made significant strides in identifying many risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These risk factors include inherited common single nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variants, and rare single nucleotide variants, as well as rare de novo variants. For all variants, the common theme has been that of polygenicity, meaning that many small genetic risk factors influence risk in the population and that no gene or variant on its own has been shown to be fully deterministic of schizophrenia or bipolar. When taken together, biological themes that have emerged including the importance of synaptic function and calcium signaling. This has implications for our understanding of the biological underpinnings of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Neale
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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81
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CACNA1C risk variant affects reward responsiveness in healthy individuals. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e461. [PMID: 25290268 PMCID: PMC4350510 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The variant at rs1006737 in the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (alpha 1c subunit) CACNA1C gene is reliably associated with both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. We investigated whether this risk variant affects reward responsiveness because reward processing is one of the central cognitive-motivational domains implicated in both disorders. In a sample of 164 young, healthy individuals, we show a dose-dependent response, where the rs1006737 risk genotype was associated with blunted reward responsiveness, whereas discriminability did not significantly differ between genotype groups. This finding suggests that the CACNA1C risk locus may have a role in neural pathways that facilitate value representation for rewarding stimuli. Impaired reward processing may be a transdiagnostic phenotype of variation in CACNA1C that could contribute to anhedonia and other clinical features common to both affective and psychotic disorders.
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82
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Landgraf D, McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. Circadian clock and stress interactions in the molecular biology of psychiatric disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2014; 16:483. [PMID: 25135782 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-014-0483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many psychiatric disorders are characterized by circadian rhythm abnormalities, including disturbed sleep/wake cycles, changes in locomotor activity, and abnormal endocrine function. Animal models with mutations in circadian "clock genes" commonly show disturbances in reward processing, locomotor activity and novelty seeking behaviors, further supporting the idea of a connection between the circadian clock and psychiatric disorders. However, if circadian clock dysfunction is a common risk factor for multiple psychiatric disorders, it is unknown if and how these putative clock abnormalities could be expressed differently, and contribute to multiple, distinct phenotypes. One possible explanation is that the circadian clock modulates the biological responses to stressful environmental factors that vary with an individual's experience. It is known that the circadian clock and the stress response systems are closely related: Circadian clock genes regulate the physiological sensitivity to and rhythmic release of glucocorticoids (GC). In turn, GCs have reciprocal effects on the clock. Since stressful life events or increased vulnerability to stress are risk factors for multiple psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), we propose that modulation of the stress response is a common mechanism by which circadian clock genes affect these illnesses. Presently, we review how molecular components of the circadian clock may contribute to these six psychiatric disorders, and present the hypothesis that modulation of the stress response may constitute a common mechanism by which the circadian clock affects multiple psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Landgraf
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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83
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Ivorra JL, Rivero O, Costas J, Iniesta R, Arrojo M, Ramos-Ríos R, Carracedo A, Palomo T, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Cervilla J, Gutiérrez B, Molina E, Arango C, Alvarez M, Pascual JC, Pérez V, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Bobes J, González-Pinto A, Zorrilla I, Haro JM, Bernardo M, Baca-García E, González JC, Hoenicka J, Moltó MD, Sanjuán J. Replication of previous genome-wide association studies of psychiatric diseases in a large schizophrenia case-control sample from Spain. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:107-13. [PMID: 25124521 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) has allowed the discovery of some interesting risk variants for schizophrenia (SCZ). However, this high-throughput approach presents some limitations, being the most important the necessity of highly restrictive statistical corrections as well as the loss of statistical power inherent to the use of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis approach. These problems can be partially solved through the use of a polygenic approach. We performed a genotyping study in SCZ using 86 previously associated SNPs identified by GWAS of SCZ, bipolar disorder (BPD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. The sample consisted of 3063 independent cases with DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of SCZ and 2847 independent controls of European origin from Spain. A polygenic score analysis was also used to test the overall effect on the SCZ status. One SNP, rs12290811, located in the ODZ4 gene reached statistical significance (p=1.7×10(-4), Allelic odds ratio=1.21), a value very near to those reported in previous GWAS of BPD patients. In addition, 4 SNPs were close to the significant threshold: rs3850333, in the NRXN1 gene; rs6932590, at MHC; rs2314398, located in an intergenic region on chromosome 2; and rs1006737, in the CACNA1C gene. We also found that 74% of the studied SNPs showed the same tendency (risk or protection alleles) previously reported in the original GWAS (p<0.001). Our data strengthen the polygenic component of susceptibility to SCZ. Our findings show ODZ4 as a risk gene for SCZ, emphasizing the existence of common vulnerability in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ivorra
- CIBERSAM, Spain; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Rivero
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Javier Costas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Spain
| | | | - Manuel Arrojo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Spain
| | - Ramón Ramos-Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, CIBERER, Spain
| | - Tomas Palomo
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Psychiatry Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Psychiatry Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Cervilla
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Centre for Public Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Gutiérrez
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Medicina, Granada, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Pascual
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addicions, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Julio Bobes
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Iñaki Zorrilla
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Hospital Santiago Apostol de Vitoria, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Bernardo
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona. Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos González
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Hospital Clinic, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Psychiatry Department, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Moltó
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Valencia, INCLIVA, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Hospital Clinic, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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84
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Erk S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Schmierer P, Mohnke S, Grimm O, Garbusow M, Haddad L, Poehland L, Mühleisen TW, Witt SH, Tost H, Kirsch P, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Schott BH, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Heinz A, Walter H. Hippocampal and frontolimbic function as intermediate phenotype for psychosis: evidence from healthy relatives and a common risk variant in CACNA1C. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:466-75. [PMID: 24411473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in CACNA1C has consistently been associated with psychiatric disease in genome-wide association studies. We have previously shown that healthy carriers of the CACNA1C rs1006737 risk variant exhibit hippocampal and perigenual anterior cingulate (pgACC) dysfunction during episodic memory recall. To test whether this brain systems-level abnormality is a potential intermediate phenotype for psychiatric disorder, we studied unaffected relatives of patients with bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia. METHODS The study population comprised 188 healthy first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (n=59), major depression (n=73), and schizophrenia (n=56) and 110 comparison subjects from our discovery study who were genotyped for rs1006737 and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an episodic memory task and psychological testing. Group comparisons were analyzed using SPM8 and PASW Statistics 20. RESULTS Similar to risk allele carriers in the discovery sample, relatives of index patients exhibited hippocampal and pgACC dysfunction as well as increased scores in depression and anxiety measures, correlating negatively with hippocampal activation. Carrying the rs1006737 risk variant resulted in a stronger decrease of hippocampal and pgACC activation in relatives, indicating an additive effect of CACNA1C variation on familial risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate abnormal perigenual and hippocampal activation as a promising intermediate phenotype for psychiatric disease and suggest a pathophysiologic mechanism conferred by a CACNA1C variant being implicated in risk for symptom dimensions shared among bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Erk
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Phöbe Schmierer
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte
| | - Leila Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Lydia Poehland
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | | | - Björn H Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn
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85
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Fiorentino A, O'Brien NL, Locke DP, McQuillin A, Jarram A, Anjorin A, Kandaswamy R, Curtis D, Blizard RA, Gurling HMD. Analysis of ANK3 and CACNA1C variants identified in bipolar disorder whole genome sequence data. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:583-91. [PMID: 24716743 PMCID: PMC4227602 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic markers in the genes encoding ankyrin 3 (ANK3) and the α-calcium channel subunit (CACNA1C) are associated with bipolar disorder (BP). The associated variants in the CACNA1C gene are mainly within intron 3 of the gene. ANK3 BP-associated variants are in two distinct clusters at the ends of the gene, indicating disease allele heterogeneity. METHODS In order to screen both coding and non-coding regions to identify potential aetiological variants, we used whole-genome sequencing in 99 BP cases. Variants with markedly different allele frequencies in the BP samples and the 1,000 genomes project European data were genotyped in 1,510 BP cases and 1,095 controls. RESULTS We found that the CACNA1C intron 3 variant, rs79398153, potentially affecting an ENCyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE)-defined region, showed an association with BP (p = 0.015). We also found the ANK3 BP-associated variant rs139972937, responsible for an asparagine to serine change (p = 0.042). However, a previous study had not found support for an association between rs139972937 and BP. The variants at ANK3 and CACNA1C previously known to be associated with BP were not in linkage disequilibrium with either of the two variants that we identified and these are therefore independent of the previous haplotypes implicated by genome-wide association. CONCLUSIONS Sequencing in additional BP samples is needed to find the molecular pathology that explains the previous association findings. If changes similar to those we have found can be shown to have an effect on the expression and function of ANK3 and CACNA1C, they might help to explain the so-called 'missing heritability' of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Fiorentino
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Niamh Louise O'Brien
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | | | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Alexandra Jarram
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Adebayo Anjorin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Radhika Kandaswamy
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - David Curtis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Robert Alan Blizard
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College LondonLondon, UK
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86
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Jamain S, Cichon S, Etain B, Mühleisen TW, Georgi A, Zidane N, Chevallier L, Deshommes J, Nicolas A, Henrion A, Degenhardt F, Mattheisen M, Priebe L, Mathieu F, Kahn JP, Henry C, Boland A, Zelenika D, Gut I, Heath S, Lathrop M, Maier W, Albus M, Rietschel M, Schulze TG, McMahon FJ, Kelsoe JR, Hamshere M, Craddock N, Nöthen MM, Bellivier F, Leboyer M. Common and rare variant analysis in early-onset bipolar disorder vulnerability. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104326. [PMID: 25111785 PMCID: PMC4128749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is one of the most common and devastating psychiatric disorders whose mechanisms remain largely unknown. Despite a strong genetic contribution demonstrated by twin and adoption studies, a polygenic background influences this multifactorial and heterogeneous psychiatric disorder. To identify susceptibility genes on a severe and more familial sub-form of the disease, we conducted a genome-wide association study focused on 211 patients of French origin with an early age at onset and 1,719 controls, and then replicated our data on a German sample of 159 patients with early-onset bipolar disorder and 998 controls. Replication study and subsequent meta-analysis revealed two genes encoding proteins involved in phosphoinositide signalling pathway (PLEKHA5 and PLCXD3). We performed additional replication studies in two datasets from the WTCCC (764 patients and 2,938 controls) and the GAIN-TGen cohorts (1,524 patients and 1,436 controls) and found nominal P-values both in the PLCXD3 and PLEKHA5 loci with the WTCCC sample. In addition, we identified in the French cohort one affected individual with a deletion at the PLCXD3 locus and another one carrying a missense variation in PLCXD3 (p.R93H), both supporting a role of the phosphatidylinositol pathway in early-onset bipolar disorder vulnerability. Although the current nominally significant findings should be interpreted with caution and need replication in independent cohorts, this study supports the strategy to combine genetic approaches to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Jamain
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Etain
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatry, Créteil, France
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Georgi
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nora Zidane
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Lucie Chevallier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Jasmine Deshommes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Plate-forme de Resources Biologiques, Créteil, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigation Clinique 006, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Pôle Recherche Clinique Santé Publique, Créteil, France
| | - Aude Nicolas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Annabelle Henrion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lutz Priebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Flavie Mathieu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Kahn
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Hôpital Jeanne-d'Arc, Toul, France
| | - Chantal Henry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatry, Créteil, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Diana Zelenika
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Ivo Gut
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Simon Heath
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Margot Albus
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas G. Schulze
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francis J. McMahon
- Unit on the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - John R. Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Marian Hamshere
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Pôle de Psychiatry, Créteil, France
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87
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Dwyer DS, Aamodt E, Cohen B, Buttner EA. Drug elucidation: invertebrate genetics sheds new light on the molecular targets of CNS drugs. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:177. [PMID: 25120487 PMCID: PMC4112795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many important drugs approved to treat common human diseases were discovered by serendipity, without a firm understanding of their modes of action. As a result, the side effects and interactions of these medications are often unpredictable, and there is limited guidance for improving the design of next-generation drugs. Here, we review the innovative use of simple model organisms, especially Caenorhabditis elegans, to gain fresh insights into the complex biological effects of approved CNS medications. Whereas drug discovery involves the identification of new drug targets and lead compounds/biologics, and drug development spans preclinical testing to FDA approval, drug elucidation refers to the process of understanding the mechanisms of action of marketed drugs by studying their novel effects in model organisms. Drug elucidation studies have revealed new pathways affected by antipsychotic drugs, e.g., the insulin signaling pathway, a trace amine receptor and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Similarly, novel targets of antidepressant drugs and lithium have been identified in C. elegans, including lipid-binding/transport proteins and the SGK-1 signaling pathway, respectively. Elucidation of the mode of action of anesthetic agents has shown that anesthesia can involve mitochondrial targets, leak currents, and gap junctions. The general approach reviewed in this article has advanced our knowledge about important drugs for CNS disorders and can guide future drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donard S. Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry–Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-ShreveportShreveport, LA, USA
| | - Eric Aamodt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-ShreveportShreveport, LA, USA
| | - Bruce Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
- Mailman Research Center, McLean HospitalBelmont, MA, USA
| | - Edgar A. Buttner
- Mailman Research Center, McLean HospitalBelmont, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology–Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBelmont, MA, USA
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88
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Georgieva L, Rees E, Moran JL, Chambert KD, Milanova V, Craddock N, Purcell S, Sklar P, McCarroll S, Holmans P, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Kirov G. De novo CNVs in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6677-83. [PMID: 25055870 PMCID: PMC4240207 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased rate of de novo copy number variants (CNVs) has been found in schizophrenia (SZ), autism and developmental delay. An increased rate has also been reported in bipolar affective disorder (BD). Here, in a larger BD sample, we aimed to replicate these findings and compare de novo CNVs between SZ and BD. We used Illumina microarrays to genotype 368 BD probands, 76 SZ probands and all their parents. Copy number variants were called by PennCNV and filtered for frequency (<1%) and size (>10 kb). Putative de novo CNVs were validated with the z-score algorithm, manual inspection of log R ratios (LRR) and qPCR probes. We found 15 de novo CNVs in BD (4.1% rate) and 6 in SZ (7.9% rate). Combining results with previous studies and using a cut-off of >100 kb, the rate of de novo CNVs in BD was intermediate between controls and SZ: 1.5% in controls, 2.2% in BD and 4.3% in SZ. Only the differences between SZ and BD and SZ and controls were significant. The median size of de novo CNVs in BD (448 kb) was also intermediate between SZ (613 kb) and controls (338 kb), but only the comparison between SZ and controls was significant. Only one de novo CNV in BD was in a confirmed SZ locus (16p11.2). Sporadic or early onset cases were not more likely to have de novo CNVs. We conclude that de novo CNVs play a smaller role in BD compared with SZ. Patients with a positive family history can also harbour de novo mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Georgieva
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elliott Rees
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer L Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly D Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vihra Milanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nicholas Craddock
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shaun Purcell
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - George Kirov
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,
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89
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The role of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 in normal and pathological brain function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:463-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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90
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Erk S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Linden DE, Lancaster T, Mohnke S, Grimm O, Degenhardt F, Holmans P, Pocklington A, Schmierer P, Haddad L, Mühleisen TW, Mattheisen M, Witt SH, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Tost H, Schott BH, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Heinz A, Walter H. Replication of brain function effects of a genome-wide supported psychiatric risk variant in the CACNA1C gene and new multi-locus effects. Neuroimage 2014; 94:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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91
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Cao L, Deng W, Guan L, Yang Z, Lin Y, Ma X, Li X, Liu Y, Ye B, Lao G, Chen Y, Liang H, Wu Y, Ou Y, Huang W, Liu W, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhao L, Li T, Hu X. Association of the 3' region of the neuregulin 1 gene with bipolar I disorder in the Chinese Han population. J Affect Disord 2014; 162:81-8. [PMID: 24767010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the function of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) in neurodevelopment, susceptibility to bipolar disorder presumably involves this gene. The 3' region of NRG1 contains the majority of the coding exons, and transcripts from this region encode 8 of the 9 known NRG1 isoforms; therefore, this region is likely to be predominant versus the 5' region in terms of their relative contributions to NRG1 function. We investigated the association between the 3' region of the NRG1 gene and bipolar I disorder (BPI) in the Chinese Han population and performed further analyses depending on the presence or absence of psychotic features. METHODS A total of 385 BPI patients and 475 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Thirty tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the 3' region of the NRG1 gene were genotyped for allelic and haplotypic associations with BPI and subgroups with psychotic features (BPI-P) or without psychotic features (BPI-NP). RESULTS Individual marker analysis showed that 2 SNPs (rs12547858 and rs6468121) in this region were significantly associated with BPI. Moreover, subgroup analyses showed significant but marginal associations of rs6468121 with BPI-P and rs3757933 with BPI-NP. Haplotype analyses showed that 6 haplotypes were associated with BPI only. LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small. The investigated tag SNPs only represented 83% of the information on the targeted region. There might be a retrospective bias in the subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the 3' region of the NRG1 gene plays a role in BPI susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. In addition, the preliminary results show that BPI with psychotic features and BPI without psychotic features may constitute different sub-phenotypes; however, this finding should be confirmed in a larger population sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Cao
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Wenhao Deng
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lijie Guan
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yin Lin
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Biyu Ye
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guohui Lao
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huiwei Liang
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Wu
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yufen Ou
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weijie Huang
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xun Hu
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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92
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Salloum NC, McCarthy MJ, Leckband SG, Kelsoe JR. Towards the clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics in bipolar disorder. BMC Med 2014; 12:90. [PMID: 24885933 PMCID: PMC4039055 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric illness defined by pathological alterations between the mood states of mania and depression, causing disability, imposing healthcare costs and elevating the risk of suicide. Although effective treatments for BD exist, variability in outcomes leads to a large number of treatment failures, typically followed by a trial and error process of medication switches that can take years. Pharmacogenetic testing (PGT), by tailoring drug choice to an individual, may personalize and expedite treatment so as to identify more rapidly medications well suited to individual BD patients. DISCUSSION A number of associations have been made in BD between medication response phenotypes and specific genetic markers. However, to date clinical adoption of PGT has been limited, often citing questions that must be answered before it can be widely utilized. These include: What are the requirements of supporting evidence? How large is a clinically relevant effect? What degree of specificity and sensitivity are required? Does a given marker influence decision making and have clinical utility? In many cases, the answers to these questions remain unknown, and ultimately, the question of whether PGT is valid and useful must be determined empirically. Towards this aim, we have reviewed the literature and selected drug-genotype associations with the strongest evidence for utility in BD. SUMMARY Based upon these findings, we propose a preliminary panel for use in PGT, and a method by which the results of a PGT panel can be integrated for clinical interpretation. Finally, we argue that based on the sufficiency of accumulated evidence, PGT implementation studies are now warranted. We propose and discuss the design for a randomized clinical trial to test the use of PGT in the treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry (0603), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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93
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Cardno AG, Owen MJ. Genetic relationships between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:504-15. [PMID: 24567502 PMCID: PMC3984527 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence for partial overlap of genetic influences on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with family, twin, and adoption studies showing a genetic correlation between the disorders of around 0.6. Results of genome-wide association studies are consistent with commonly occurring genetic risk variants, contributing to both the shared and nonshared aspects, while studies of large, rare chromosomal structural variants, particularly copy number variants, show a stronger influence on schizophrenia than bipolar disorder to date. Schizoaffective disorder has been less investigated but shows substantial familial overlap with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A twin analysis is consistent with genetic influences on schizoaffective episodes being entirely shared with genetic influences on schizophrenic and manic episodes, while association studies suggest the possibility of some relatively specific genetic influences on broadly defined schizoaffective disorder, bipolar subtype. Further insights into genetic relationships between these disorders are expected as studies continue to increase in sample size and in technical and analytical sophistication, information on phenotypes beyond clinical diagnoses are increasingly incorporated, and approaches such as next-generation sequencing identify additional types of genetic risk variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair G. Cardno
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Charles Thackrah Building, 101 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9LJ, UK; tel: +44 113 3437260, fax: +44 113 3436997, e-mail:
| | - Michael J. Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Genetic modulation of working memory deficits by ankyrin 3 gene in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 50:110-5. [PMID: 24361380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological endophenotype approach is an emerging strategy in schizophrenia research to understand and identify the functional importance of genetically transmitted, brain-based deficits present in this disorder. Accumulating evidence indicated that working memory deficit is a core neuropsychological dysfunction in schizophrenia and a primary endophenotype indexing the liability to develop schizophrenia. Genetic variation in ankyrin 3 gene (ANK3) is likely to have widespread cognitive effects. Our previous study has identified a significant association of ANK3 SNPs and schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to examine whether the schizophrenia-risk SNPs within ANK3 may affect working memory deficits in schizophrenia patients. Herein, we assess the working memory performance in 163 patients with first-episode, antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia and 42 sex, age-matched healthy subjects using N-back task. Two SNPs rs10761482 and rs10994336 were genotyped among the patients and 209 controls. Our results showed that schizophrenia patients showed significantly poorer performance than healthy controls on N-back task (ps<0.01). After adjusting for the scores of intelligence quotient, memory quotient and the demographic factors, there was a significant genotype effect of the rs10994336 on the accuracy rate and reaction time of 2-back item (p=0.048 and 0.024, respectively). Post-hoc analyses showed that patients with rs10994336T/T genotype had significantly lower accuracy rate and more reaction time at 2-back task than those with T/C and C/C genotypes. The association of SNP rs10994336 with schizophrenia was replicated in our sample (genotypic p=0.024 and allelic p=0.006). However, we did not find any significant association of rs10761482 with schizophrenia and parameters in N-back task. Our results indicated that genetic variation within ANK3 may exert gene-specific modulating effects on working memory deficits in schizophrenia.
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Hori H, Yamamoto N, Teraishi T, Ota M, Fujii T, Sasayama D, Matsuo J, Kinoshita Y, Hattori K, Nagashima A, Ishida I, Koga N, Higuchi T, Kunugi H. Cognitive effects of the ANK3 risk variants in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy individuals. J Affect Disord 2014; 158:90-6. [PMID: 24655771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants within the ankyrin 3 gene (ANK3) have been identified as a risk factor for bipolar disorder. ANK3 influences action potential generation by clustering sodium gated channels and plays an integral role in neurotransmission. Thus, this gene may influence cognition, a process compromised in bipolar disorder. We investigated whether genetic variants of ANK3 would be associated with an array of cognitive functions in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy individuals. METHODS In a sample of 49 patients with bipolar disorder and 633 healthy subjects, we examined possible effects of 2 risk variants within ANK3, rs10994336 and rs10761482, on 7 neurocognitive domains. RESULTS Compared to healthy subjects, patients with bipolar disorder demonstrated significantly poorer performance on most of the cognitive domains examined. The risk C-allele of rs10761482 was significantly associated with worse performance on verbal comprehension, logical memory and processing speed in patients. This allele was significantly associated with worse performance on executive function and visual memory in healthy individuals. No significant association was observed between rs10994336 and cognition either in patients or healthy individuals. LIMITATIONS The sample size of patients with bipolar disorder was small, and most of the patients were on psychotropic medication. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a risk variant within ANK3 may have an impact on neurocognitive function, suggesting a mechanism by which ANK3 confers risk for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yamamoto
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujii
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kinoshita
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Nagashima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Ishida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Koga
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Mühleisen TW, Leber M, Schulze TG, Strohmaier J, Degenhardt F, Treutlein J, Mattheisen M, Forstner AJ, Schumacher J, Breuer R, Meier S, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Lacour A, Witt SH, Reif A, Müller-Myhsok B, Lucae S, Maier W, Schwarz M, Vedder H, Kammerer-Ciernioch J, Pfennig A, Bauer M, Hautzinger M, Moebus S, Priebe L, Czerski PM, Hauser J, Lissowska J, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Brennan P, McKay JD, Wright A, Mitchell PB, Fullerton JM, Schofield PR, Montgomery GW, Medland SE, Gordon SD, Martin NG, Krasnow V, Chuchalin A, Babadjanova G, Pantelejeva G, Abramova LI, Tiganov AS, Polonikov A, Khusnutdinova E, Alda M, Grof P, Rouleau GA, Turecki G, Laprise C, Rivas F, Mayoral F, Kogevinas M, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Propping P, Becker T, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Cichon S. Genome-wide association study reveals two new risk loci for bipolar disorder. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3339. [PMID: 24618891 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and highly heritable mental illness and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have robustly identified the first common genetic variants involved in disease aetiology. The data also provide strong evidence for the presence of multiple additional risk loci, each contributing a relatively small effect to BD susceptibility. Large samples are necessary to detect these risk loci. Here we present results from the largest BD GWAS to date by investigating 2.3 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample of 24,025 patients and controls. We detect 56 genome-wide significant SNPs in five chromosomal regions including previously reported risk loci ANK3, ODZ4 and TRANK1, as well as the risk locus ADCY2 (5p15.31) and a region between MIR2113 and POU3F2 (6q16.1). ADCY2 is a key enzyme in cAMP signalling and our finding provides new insights into the biological mechanisms involved in the development of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Mühleisen
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [3] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany [4]
| | - Markus Leber
- 1] Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, D-53175 Bonn, Germany [3]
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Go¨ttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany [2]
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- 1] Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark [2] Institute for Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - René Breuer
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Meier
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany [2]
| | - Stefan Herms
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [3] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel CH-4012, Switzerland
| | - Per Hoffmann
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [3] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany [4] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel CH-4012, Switzerland
| | - André Lacour
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- 1] Statistical Genetics, Department of Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804 Munich, Germany [2] Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), D-80336 Munich, Germany [3] Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, UK
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Statistical Genetics, Department of Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, D-80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Vedder
- Psychiatric Center Nordbaden, D-69168 Wiesloch, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Hautzinger
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lutz Priebe
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Piotr M Czerski
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan PL-60-572, Poland
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan PL-60-572, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw PL-02-781, Poland
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - James D McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Adam Wright
- 1] School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales 2052, Australia [2] Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- 1] School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales 2052, Australia [2] Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- 1] Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia [2] School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- 1] Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia [2] School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Scott D Gordon
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Valery Krasnow
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow 107258, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Chuchalin
- Institute of Pulmonology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow 105077, Russian Federation
| | - Gulja Babadjanova
- Institute of Pulmonology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow 105077, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Pantelejeva
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Lilia I Abramova
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Tiganov
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Martin Alda
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2E2 [2] The International Group for the Study of Lithium-Treated Patients (IGSLI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Grof
- 1] The International Group for the Study of Lithium-Treated Patients (IGSLI), Berlin, Germany [2] Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4G3 [3] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A4
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Canada G7H 2B1
| | - Fabio Rivas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga 29009, Spain
| | - Fermin Mayoral
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga 29009, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest RO-041914, Romania
| | - Peter Propping
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Becker
- 1] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, D-53175 Bonn, Germany [2] Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany [2]
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [3]
| | - Sven Cichon
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany [3] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany [4] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel CH-4012, Switzerland [5]
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97
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Chen HM, DeLong CJ, Bame M, Rajapakse I, Herron TJ, McInnis MG, O'Shea KS. Transcripts involved in calcium signaling and telencephalic neuronal fate are altered in induced pluripotent stem cells from bipolar disorder patients. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e375. [PMID: 25116795 PMCID: PMC3966040 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a chronic psychiatric condition characterized by dynamic, pathological mood fluctuations from mania to depression. To date, a major challenge in studying human neuropsychiatric conditions such as BP has been limited access to viable central nervous system tissue to examine disease progression. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) now offer an opportunity to analyze the full compliment of neural tissues and the prospect of identifying novel disease mechanisms. We have examined changes in gene expression as iPSC derived from well-characterized patients differentiate into neurons; there was little difference in the transcriptome of iPSC, but BP neurons were significantly different than controls in their transcriptional profile. Expression of transcripts for membrane bound receptors and ion channels was significantly increased in BP-derived neurons compared with controls, and we found that lithium pretreatment of BP neurons significantly altered their calcium transient and wave amplitude. The expression of transcription factors involved in the specification of telencephalic neuronal identity was also altered. Control neurons expressed transcripts that confer dorsal telencephalic fate, whereas BP neurons expressed genes involved in the differentiation of ventral (medial ganglionic eminence) regions. Cells were responsive to dorsal/ventral patterning cues, as addition of the Hedgehog (ventral) pathway activator purmorphamine or a dorsalizing agent (lithium) stimulated expression of NKX2-1 (ventral identity) or EMX2 (dorsal) in both groups. Cell-based models should have a significant impact on our understanding of the genesis and therefore treatment of BP; the iPSC cell lines themselves provide an important resource for comparison with other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C J DeLong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Bame
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - I Rajapakse
- Center for Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T J Herron
- Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K S O'Shea
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3051 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. E-mail:
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98
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a common, complex genetic disorder, but the mode of transmission remains to be discovered. Many researchers assume that common genomic variants carry some risk for manifesting the disease. The research community has celebrated the first genome-wide significant associations between common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and bipolar disorder. Currently, attempts are under way to translate these findings into clinical practice, genetic counseling, and predictive testing. However, some experts remain cautious. After all, common variants explain only a very small percentage of the genetic risk, and functional consequences of the discovered SNPs are inconclusive. Furthermore, the associated SNPs are not disease specific, and the majority of individuals with a "risk" allele are healthy. On the other hand, population-based genome-wide studies in psychiatric disorders have rediscovered rare structural variants and mutations in genes, which were previously known to cause genetic syndromes and monogenic Mendelian disorders. In many Mendelian syndromes, psychiatric symptoms are prevalent. Although these conditions do not fit the classic description of any specific psychiatric disorder, they often show nonspecific psychiatric symptoms that cross diagnostic boundaries, including intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, attention deficit, impulse control deficit, and psychosis. Although testing for chromosomal disorders and monogenic Mendelian disorders is well established, testing for common variants is still controversial. The standard concept of genetic testing includes at least three broad criteria that need to be fulfilled before new genetic tests should be introduced: analytical validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility. These criteria are currently not fulfilled for common genomic variants in psychiatric disorders. Further work is clearly needed before genetic testing for common variants in psychiatric disorders should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Kerner
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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99
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Mostafavi Abdolmaleky H. Horizons of psychiatric genetics and epigenetics: where are we and where are we heading? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2014; 8:1-10. [PMID: 25780369 PMCID: PMC4359719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Today multinational studies using genome-wide association scan (GWAS) for >1000,000 polymorphisms on >100,000 cases with major psychiatric diseases versus controls, combined with next-generation sequencing have found ~100 genetic polymorphisms associated with schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), etc. However, the effect size of each genetic mutation has been generally low (<1%), and altogether could portray a tiny fraction of these mental diseases. Furthermore, none of these polymorphisms was specific to disease phenotypes indicating that they are simply genetic risk factors rather than causal mutations. The lack of identification of the major gene(s) in huge genetic studies increased the tendency for reexamining the roles of environmental factors in psychiatric and other complex diseases. However, this time at cellular/molecular levels mediated by epigenetic mechanisms that are heritable, but reversible while interacting with the environment. Now, gene-specific or whole-genome epigenetic analyses have introduced hundreds of aberrant epigenetic marks in the blood or brain of individuals with psychiatric diseases that include aberrations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA expression. Interestingly, most of the current psychiatric drugs such as valproate, lithium, antidepressants, antipsychotics and even electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) modulate epigenetic codes. The existing data indicate that, the impacts of environment/nurture, including the uterine milieu and early-life events might be more significant than genetic/nature in most psychiatric diseases. The lack of significant results in large-scale genetic studies led to revise the bolded roles of genetics and now we are at the turning point of genomics for reconsidering environmental factors that through epigenetic mechanisms may impact the brain development/functions causing disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Associate, Department of Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author: Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky, Shariati St., Phoenix Street, No. 2, Unit 15, Tehran, Iarn. Tel: +98 2122860861 ,
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100
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Abstract
Severe mental illness (SMI) is a broad category that includes schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. Both genetic disposition and environmental exposures play important roles in the development of SMI. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the roles of genetic and environmental factors depend on each other. Gene-environment interactions may underlie the paradox of strong environmental factors for highly heritable disorders, the low estimates of shared environmental influences in twin studies of SMI, and the heritability gap between twin and molecular heritability estimates. Sons and daughters of parents with SMI are more vulnerable to the effects of prenatal and postnatal environmental exposures, suggesting that the expression of genetic liability depends on environment. In the last decade, gene-environment interactions involving specific molecular variants in candidate genes have been identified. Replicated findings include an interaction between a polymorphism in the AKT1 gene and cannabis use in the development of psychosis and an interaction between the length polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and childhood maltreatment in the development of persistent depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder has been underinvestigated, with only a single study showing an interaction between a functional polymorphism in the BDNF gene and stressful life events triggering bipolar depressive episodes. The first systematic search for gene-environment interactions has found that a polymorphism in CTNNA3 may sensitize the developing brain to the pathogenic effect of cytomegalovirus in utero, leading to schizophrenia in adulthood. Strategies for genome-wide investigations will likely include coordination between epidemiological and genetic research efforts, systematic assessment of multiple environmental factors in large samples, and prioritization of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada ; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada ; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , London , UK
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