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Nagelberg AL, Sihota TS, Chuang YC, Shi R, Chow JLM, English J, MacAulay C, Lam S, Lam WL, Lockwood WW. Integrative genomics identifies SHPRH as a tumor suppressor gene in lung adenocarcinoma that regulates DNA damage response. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02755-y. [PMID: 38890444 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of driver mutations and development of targeted therapies has considerably improved outcomes for lung cancer patients. However, significant limitations remain with the lack of identified drivers in a large subset of patients. Here, we aimed to assess the genomic landscape of lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) from individuals without a history of tobacco use to reveal new genetic drivers of lung cancer. METHODS Integrative genomic analyses combining whole-exome sequencing, copy number, and mutational information for 83 LUAD tumors was performed and validated using external datasets to identify genetic variants with a predicted functional consequence and assess association with clinical outcomes. LUAD cell lines with alteration of identified candidates were used to functionally characterize tumor suppressive potential using a conditional expression system both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified 21 genes with evidence of positive selection, including 12 novel candidates that have yet to be characterized in LUAD. In particular, SNF2 Histone Linker PHD RING Helicase (SHPRH) was identified due to its frequency of biallelic disruption and location within the familial susceptibility locus on chromosome arm 6q. We found that low SHPRH mRNA expression is associated with poor survival outcomes in LUAD patients. Furthermore, we showed that re-expression of SHPRH in LUAD cell lines with inactivating alterations for SHPRH reduces their in vitro colony formation and tumor burden in vivo. Finally, we explored the biological pathways associated SHPRH inactivation and found an association with the tolerance of LUAD cells to DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SHPRH is a tumor suppressor gene in LUAD, whereby its expression is associated with more favorable patient outcomes, reduced tumor and mutational burden, and may serve as a predictor of response to DNA damage. Thus, further exploration into the role of SHPRH in LUAD development may make it a valuable biomarker for predicting LUAD risk and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Nagelberg
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tianna S Sihota
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu-Chi Chuang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocky Shi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Justine L M Chow
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John English
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calum MacAulay
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William W Lockwood
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Brichova M, Klimova A, Heissigerova J, Svozilkova P, Vaneckova M, Dolezalova P, Nemcova D, Michalickova M, Jedlickova J, Dudakova L, Liskova P. Blau Syndrome: Challenging Molecular Genetic Diagnostics of Autoinflammatory Disease. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:799. [PMID: 38927735 PMCID: PMC11203189 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and molecular genetic findings in seven individuals from three unrelated families with Blau syndrome. A complex ophthalmic and general health examination including diagnostic imaging was performed. The NOD2 mutational hot spot located in exon 4 was Sanger sequenced in all three probands. Two individuals also underwent autoinflammatory disorder gene panel screening, and in one subject, exome sequencing was performed. Blau syndrome presenting as uveitis, skin rush or arthritis was diagnosed in four cases from three families. In two individuals from one family, only camptodactyly was noted, while another member had camptodactyly in combination with non-active uveitis and angioid streaks. One proband developed two attacks of meningoencephalitis attributed to presumed neurosarcoidosis, which is a rare finding in Blau syndrome. The probands from families 1 and 2 carried pathogenic variants in NOD2 (NM_022162.3): c.1001G>A p.(Arg334Gln) and c.1000C>T p.(Arg334Trp), respectively. In family 3, two variants of unknown significance in a heterozygous state were found: c.1412G>T p.(Arg471Leu) in NOD2 and c.928C>T p.(Arg310*) in NLRC4 (NM_001199139.1). In conclusion, Blau syndrome is a phenotypically highly variable, and there is a need to raise awareness about all clinical manifestations, including neurosarcoidosis. Variants of unknown significance pose a significant challenge regarding their contribution to etiopathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Brichova
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Aneta Klimova
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jarmila Heissigerova
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Petra Svozilkova
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Katerinska 30, 128 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavla Dolezalova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (D.N.); (J.J.); (L.D.)
| | - Dana Nemcova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (D.N.); (J.J.); (L.D.)
| | - Marcela Michalickova
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jana Jedlickova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (D.N.); (J.J.); (L.D.)
| | - Lubica Dudakova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (D.N.); (J.J.); (L.D.)
| | - Petra Liskova
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (D.N.); (J.J.); (L.D.)
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Strober BJ, Zhang MJ, Amariuta T, Rossen J, Price AL. Fine-mapping causal tissues and genes at disease-associated loci. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.11.01.23297909. [PMID: 37961337 PMCID: PMC10635248 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.23297909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Heritable diseases often manifest in a highly tissue-specific manner, with different disease loci mediated by genes in distinct tissues or cell types. We propose Tissue-Gene Fine-Mapping (TGFM), a fine-mapping method that infers the posterior probability (PIP) for each gene-tissue pair to mediate a disease locus by analyzing GWAS summary statistics (and in-sample LD) and leveraging eQTL data from diverse tissues to build cis-predicted expression models; TGFM also assigns PIPs to causal variants that are not mediated by gene expression in assayed genes and tissues. TGFM accounts for both co-regulation across genes and tissues and LD between SNPs (generalizing existing fine-mapping methods), and incorporates genome-wide estimates of each tissue's contribution to disease as tissue-level priors. TGFM was well-calibrated and moderately well-powered in simulations; unlike previous methods, TGFM was able to attain correct calibration by modeling uncertainty in cis-predicted expression models. We applied TGFM to 45 UK Biobank diseases/traits (average N = 316K) using eQTL data from 38 GTEx tissues. TGFM identified an average of 147 PIP > 0.5 causal genetic elements per disease/trait, of which 11% were gene-tissue pairs. Implicated gene-tissue pairs were concentrated in known disease-critical tissues, and causal genes were strongly enriched in disease-relevant gene sets. Causal gene-tissue pairs identified by TGFM recapitulated known biology (e.g., TPO-thyroid for Hypothyroidism), but also included biologically plausible novel findings (e.g., SLC20A2-artery aorta for Diastolic blood pressure). Further application of TGFM to single-cell eQTL data from 9 cell types in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), analyzed jointly with GTEx tissues, identified 30 additional causal gene-PBMC cell type pairs at PIP > 0.5-primarily for autoimmune disease and blood cell traits, including the biologically plausible example of CD52 in classical monocyte cells for Monocyte count. In conclusion, TGFM is a robust and powerful method for fine-mapping causal tissues and genes at disease-associated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Strober
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Jinye Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Amariuta
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Rossen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alkes L. Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Dulamea AO, Lupescu IC. Cerebral cavernous malformations - An overview on genetics, clinical aspects and therapeutic strategies. J Neurol Sci 2024; 461:123044. [PMID: 38749279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are abnormally packed blood vessels lined with endothelial cells, that do not exhibit intervening tight junctions, lack muscular and elastic layers and are usually surrounded by hemosiderin and gliosis. CCMs may be sporadic or familial autosomal dominant (FCCMs) caused by loss of function mutations in CCM1 (KRIT1), CCM2 (MGC4607), and CCM3 (PDCD10) genes. In the FCCMs, patients have multiple CCMs, different family members are affected, and developmental venous anomalies are absent. CCMs may be asymptomatic or may manifest with focal neurological deficits with or without associated hemorrhage andseizures. Recent studies identify a digenic "triple-hit" mechanism involving the aquisition of three distinct genetic mutations that culminate in phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PIK3CA) gain of function, as the basis for rapidly growing and clinically symptomatic CCMs. The pathophysiology of CCMs involves signaling aberrations in the neurovascular unit, including proliferative dysangiogenesis, blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability, inflammation and immune mediated processes, anticoagulant vascular domain, and gut microbiome-driven mechanisms. Clinical trials are investigating potential therapies, magnetic resonance imaging and plasma biomarkers for hemorrhage and CCMs-related epilepsy, as well as different techniques of neuronavigation and neurosonology to guide surgery in order to minimize post-operatory morbidity and mortality. This review addresses the recent data about the natural history, genetics, neuroimaging and therapeutic approaches for CCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Octaviana Dulamea
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; Fundeni Clinical Institute, Department of Neurology, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ioan Cristian Lupescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; Fundeni Clinical Institute, Department of Neurology, 258 Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Ilic N, Maric N, Maver A, Armengol L, Kravljanac R, Cirkovic J, Krstic J, Radivojevic D, Cirkovic S, Ostojic S, Krasic S, Paripovic A, Vukomanovic V, Peterlin B, Maric G, Sarajlija A. Reverse Phenotyping after Whole-Exome Sequencing in Children with Developmental Delay/Intellectual Disability-An Exception or a Necessity? Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:789. [PMID: 38927725 PMCID: PMC11203244 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the diagnostic yield of whole-exome sequencing (WES) in pediatric patients presenting with developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), while also exploring the utility of Reverse Phenotyping (RP) in refining diagnoses. A cohort of 100 pediatric patients underwent WES, yielding a diagnosis in 66% of cases. Notably, RP played a significant role in cases with negative prior genetic testing, underscoring its significance in complex diagnostic scenarios. The study revealed a spectrum of genetic conditions contributing to DD/ID, illustrating the heterogeneity of etiological factors. Despite challenges, WES demonstrated effectiveness, particularly in cases with metabolic abnormalities. Reverse phenotyping was indicated in half of the patients with positive WES findings. Neural network models exhibited moderate-to-exceptional predictive abilities for aiding in patient selection for WES and RP. These findings emphasize the importance of employing comprehensive genetic approaches and RP in unraveling the genetic underpinnings of DD/ID, thereby facilitating personalized management and genetic counseling for affected individuals and families. This research contributes insights into the genetic landscape of DD/ID, enhancing our understanding and guiding clinical practice in this particular field of clinical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ilic
- Clinical Genetics Outpatient Clinic, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.I.); (J.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Nina Maric
- Clinic for Children Diseases, University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka 78000, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ales Maver
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Lluis Armengol
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ruzica Kravljanac
- Department of Neurology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.K.); (S.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Jana Cirkovic
- Clinical Genetics Outpatient Clinic, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.I.); (J.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jovana Krstic
- Clinical Genetics Outpatient Clinic, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.I.); (J.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Danijela Radivojevic
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Sanja Cirkovic
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Slavica Ostojic
- Department of Neurology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.K.); (S.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Stasa Krasic
- Department of Cardiology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Paripovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (V.V.)
- Department of Nephrology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Vukomanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (V.V.)
- Department of Cardiology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Gorica Maric
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Adrijan Sarajlija
- Clinical Genetics Outpatient Clinic, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.I.); (J.C.); (J.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (V.V.)
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Qin G, Dai J, Chien S, Martins TJ, Loera B, Nguyen QH, Oakes ML, Tercan B, Aguilar B, Hagen L, McCune J, Gelinas R, Monnat RJ, Shmulevich I, Becker PS. Mutation Patterns Predict Drug Sensitivity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2659-2671. [PMID: 38619278 PMCID: PMC11176916 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The inherent genetic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has challenged the development of precise and effective therapies. The objective of this study was to elucidate the genomic basis of drug resistance or sensitivity, identify signatures for drug response prediction, and provide resources to the research community. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed targeted sequencing, high-throughput drug screening, and single-cell genomic profiling on leukemia cell samples derived from patients with AML. Statistical approaches and machine learning models were applied to identify signatures for drug response prediction. We also integrated large public datasets to understand the co-occurring mutation patterns and further investigated the mutation profiles in the single cells. The features revealed in the co-occurring or mutual exclusivity pattern were further subjected to machine learning models. RESULTS We detected genetic signatures associated with sensitivity or resistance to specific agents, and identified five co-occurring mutation groups. The application of single-cell genomic sequencing unveiled the co-occurrence of variants at the individual cell level, highlighting the presence of distinct subclones within patients with AML. Using the mutation pattern for drug response prediction demonstrates high accuracy in predicting sensitivity to some drug classes, such as MEK inhibitors for RAS-mutated leukemia. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of considering the gene mutation patterns for the prediction of drug response in AML. It provides a framework for categorizing patients with AML by mutations that enable drug sensitivity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Dai
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sylvia Chien
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Timothy J. Martins
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brenda Loera
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Quy H. Nguyen
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | - Bahar Tercan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Lauren Hagen
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Raymond J. Monnat
- Lab Medicine|Pathology and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Pamela S. Becker
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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Ralli S, Vira T, Robles-Espinoza CD, Adams DJ, Brooks-Wilson AR. Variant ranking pipeline for complex familial disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13599. [PMID: 38866901 PMCID: PMC11169219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying genetic susceptibility factors for complex disorders remains a challenging task. To analyze collections of small and large pedigrees where genetic heterogeneity is likely, but biological commonalities are plausible, we have developed a weights-based pipeline to prioritize variants and genes. The Weights-based vAriant Ranking in Pedigrees (WARP) pipeline prioritizes variants using 5 weights: disease incidence rate, number of cases in a family, genome fraction shared amongst cases in a family, allele frequency and variant deleteriousness. Weights, except for the population allele frequency weight, are normalized between 0 and 1. Weights are combined multiplicatively to produce family-specific-variant weights that are then averaged across all families in which the variant is observed to generate a multifamily weight. Sorting multifamily weights in descending order creates a ranked list of variants and genes for further investigation. WARP was validated using familial melanoma sequence data from the European Genome-phenome Archive. The pipeline identified variation in known germline melanoma genes POT1, MITF and BAP1 in 4 out of 13 families (31%). Analysis of the other 9 families identified several interesting genes, some of which might have a role in melanoma. WARP provides an approach to identify disease predisposing genes in studies with small and large pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ralli
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tariq Vira
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Joris S, Giron P, Olsen C, Seneca S, Gheldof A, Staessens S, Shahi RB, De Brakeleer S, Teugels E, De Grève J, Hes FJ. Identification of RAD17 as a candidate cancer predisposition gene in families with histories of pancreatic and breast cancers. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:723. [PMID: 38872153 PMCID: PMC11170902 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the 10% of pancreatic cancers that occur in a familial context, around a third carry a pathogenic variant in a cancer predisposition gene. Genetic studies of pancreatic cancer predisposition are limited by high mortality rates amongst index patients and other affected family members. The genetic risk for pancreatic cancer is often shared with breast cancer susceptibility genes, most notably BRCA2, PALB2, ATM and BRCA1. Therefore, we hypothesized that additional shared genetic etiologies might be uncovered by studying families presenting with both breast and pancreatic cancer. METHODS Focusing on a multigene panel of 276 DNA Damage Repair (DDR) genes, we performed next-generation sequencing in a cohort of 41 families with at least three breast cancer cases and one pancreatic cancer. When the index patient with pancreatic cancer was deceased, close relatives (first or second-degree) affected with breast cancer were tested (39 families). RESULTS We identified 27 variants of uncertain significance in DDR genes. A splice site variant (c.1605 + 2T > A) in the RAD17 gene stood out, as a likely loss of function variant. RAD17 is a checkpoint protein that recruits the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex to initiate DNA signaling, leading to DNA double-strand break repair. CONCLUSION Within families with breast and pancreatic cancer, we identified RAD17 as a novel candidate predisposition gene. Further genetic studies are warranted to better understand the potential pathogenic effect of RAD17 variants and in other DDR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Joris
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium.
- The Oncology Research Center, the Laboratory for Medical & Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Giron
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Catharina Olsen
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Sara Seneca
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Shula Staessens
- The Oncology Research Center, the Laboratory for Medical & Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rajendra Bahadur Shahi
- The Oncology Research Center, the Laboratory for Medical & Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia De Brakeleer
- The Oncology Research Center, the Laboratory for Medical & Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erik Teugels
- The Oncology Research Center, the Laboratory for Medical & Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
- The Oncology Research Center, the Laboratory for Medical & Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
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59
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Liu HK, Hao HL, You H, Feng F, Qi XH, Huang XY, Hou B, Tian CG, Wang H, Yang HM, Wang J, Wu R, Fang H, Zhou JN, Zhang JG, Zhang ZX. A Cysteinyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutation Causes Novel Autosomal-Dominant Inheritance of a Parkinsonism/Spinocerebellar-Ataxia Complex. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01231-0. [PMID: 38869703 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify possible pathogenic genes in a 90-member family with a rare combination of multiple neurodegenerative disease phenotypes, which has not been depicted by the known neurodegenerative disease. We performed physical and neurological examinations with International Rating Scales to assess signs of ataxia, Parkinsonism, and cognitive function, as well as brain magnetic resonance imaging scans with seven sequences. We searched for co-segregations of abnormal repeat-expansion loci, pathogenic variants in known spinocerebellar ataxia-related genes, and novel rare mutations via whole-genome sequencing and linkage analysis. A rare co-segregating missense mutation in the CARS gene was validated by Sanger sequencing and the aminoacylation activity of mutant CARS was measured by spectrophotometric assay. This pedigree presented novel late-onset core characteristics including cerebellar ataxia, Parkinsonism, and pyramidal signs in all nine affected members. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebellar/pons atrophy, pontine-midline linear hyperintensity, decreased rCBF in the bilateral basal ganglia and cerebellar dentate nucleus, and hypo-intensities of the cerebellar dentate nuclei, basal ganglia, mesencephalic red nuclei, and substantia nigra, all of which suggested neurodegeneration. Whole-genome sequencing identified a novel pathogenic heterozygous mutation (E795V) in the CARS gene, meanwhile, exhibited none of the known repeat-expansions or point mutations in pathogenic genes. Remarkably, this CARS mutation causes a 20% decrease in aminoacylation activity to charge tRNACys with L-cysteine in protein synthesis compared with that of the wild type. All family members carrying a heterozygous mutation CARS (E795V) had the same clinical manifestations and neuropathological changes of Parkinsonism and spinocerebellar-ataxia. These findings identify novel pathogenesis of Parkinsonism-spinocerebellar ataxia and provide insights into its genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Kui Liu
- BGI Genomics and BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Hebei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Genomics in Maternal and Child Health, Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Hong-Lin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Qi
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | | | - Bo Hou
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | | | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | | | - Jian Wang
- BGI Genomics and BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker Research and Transformation for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Institute of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- BGI Genomics and BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- Hebei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Genomics in Maternal and Child Health, Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - Zhen-Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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60
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Gudmundsson S, Singer-Berk M, Stenton SL, Goodrich JK, Wilson MW, Einson J, Watts NA, Lappalainen T, Rehm HL, MacArthur DG, O’Donnell-Luria A. Exploring penetrance of clinically relevant variants in over 800,000 humans from the Genome Aggregation Database. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.593113. [PMID: 38915639 PMCID: PMC11195293 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.593113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Incomplete penetrance, or absence of disease phenotype in an individual with a disease-associated variant, is a major challenge in variant interpretation. Studying individuals with apparent incomplete penetrance can shed light on underlying drivers of altered phenotype penetrance. Here, we investigate clinically relevant variants from ClinVar in 807,162 individuals from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), demonstrating improved representation in gnomAD version 4. We then conduct a comprehensive case-by-case assessment of 734 predicted loss of function variants (pLoF) in 77 genes associated with severe, early-onset, highly penetrant haploinsufficient disease. We identified explanations for the presumed lack of disease manifestation in 701 of the variants (95%). Individuals with unexplained lack of disease manifestation in this set of disorders rarely occur, underscoring the need and power of deep case-by-case assessment presented here to minimize false assignments of disease risk, particularly in unaffected individuals with higher rates of secondary properties that result in rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Gudmundsson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine & Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moriel Singer-Berk
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L. Stenton
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine & Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia K. Goodrich
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael W. Wilson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A Watts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tuuli Lappalainen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heidi L. Rehm
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine & Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne O’Donnell-Luria
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine & Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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61
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Sun Y, Men W, Kennerknecht I, Fang W, Zheng HF, Zhang W, Rao Y. Human genetics of face recognition: discovery of MCTP2 mutations in humans with face blindness (congenital prosopagnosia). Genetics 2024; 227:iyae047. [PMID: 38547502 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Face recognition is important for both visual and social cognition. While prosopagnosia or face blindness has been known for seven decades and face-specific neurons for half a century, the molecular genetic mechanism is not clear. Here we report results after 17 years of research with classic genetics and modern genomics. From a large family with 18 congenital prosopagnosia (CP) members with obvious difficulties in face recognition in daily life, we uncovered a fully cosegregating private mutation in the MCTP2 gene which encodes a calcium binding transmembrane protein expressed in the brain. After screening through cohorts of 6589, we found more CPs and their families, allowing detection of more CP associated mutations in MCTP2. Face recognition differences were detected between 14 carriers with the frameshift mutation S80fs in MCTP2 and 19 noncarrying volunteers. Six families including one with 10 members showed the S80fs-CP correlation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging found association of impaired recognition of individual faces by MCTP2 mutant CPs with reduced repetition suppression to repeated facial identities in the right fusiform face area. Our results have revealed genetic predisposition of MCTP2 mutations in CP, 76 years after the initial report of prosopagnosia and 47 years after the report of the first CP. This is the first time a gene required for a higher form of visual social cognition was found in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Weiwei Men
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ingo Kennerknecht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Wan Fang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
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62
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de Wagenaar NP, van den Bersselaar LM, Odijk HJHM, Stefens SJM, Reinhardt DP, Roos-Hesselink JW, Kanaar R, Verhagen JMA, Brüggenwirth HT, van de Laar IMBH, van der Pluijm I, Essers J. Functional analysis of cell lines derived from SMAD3-related Loeys-Dietz syndrome patients provides insights into genotype-phenotype relation. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1090-1104. [PMID: 38538566 PMCID: PMC11153339 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pathogenic (P)/likely pathogenic (LP) SMAD3 variants cause Loeys-Dietz syndrome type 3 (LDS3), which is characterized by arterial aneurysms, dissections and tortuosity throughout the vascular system combined with osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVES Investigate the impact of P/LP SMAD3 variants with functional tests on patient-derived fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), to optimize interpretation of SMAD3 variants. METHODS A retrospective analysis on clinical data from individuals with a P/LP SMAD3 variant and functional analyses on SMAD3 patient-derived VSMCs and SMAD3 patient-derived fibroblasts, differentiated into myofibroblasts. RESULTS Individuals with dominant negative (DN) SMAD3 variant in the MH2 domain exhibited more major events (66.7% vs. 44.0%, P = 0.054), occurring at a younger age compared to those with haploinsufficient (HI) variants. The age at first major event was 35.0 years [IQR 29.0-47.0] in individuals with DN variants in MH2, compared to 46.0 years [IQR 40.0-54.0] in those with HI variants (P = 0.065). Fibroblasts carrying DN SMAD3 variants displayed reduced differentiation potential, contrasting with increased differentiation potential in HI SMAD3 variant fibroblasts. HI SMAD3 variant VSMCs showed elevated SMA expression and altered expression of alternative MYH11 isoforms. DN SMAD3 variant myofibroblasts demonstrated reduced extracellular matrix formation compared to control cell lines. CONCLUSION Distinguishing between P/LP HI and DN SMAD3 variants can be achieved by assessing differentiation potential, and SMA and MYH11 expression. The differences between DN and HI SMAD3 variant fibroblasts and VSMCs potentially contribute to the differences in disease manifestation. Notably, myofibroblast differentiation seems a suitable alternative in vitro test system compared to VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie P de Wagenaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology and European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease (VASCERN), HTAD Rare Disease Working Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M van den Bersselaar
- Department of Clinical Genetics and European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease (VASCERN), HTAD Rare Disease Working Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanny J H M Odijk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne J M Stefens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Jolien W Roos-Hesselink
- Department of Cardiology and European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease (VASCERN), HTAD Rare Disease Working Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M A Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics and European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease (VASCERN), HTAD Rare Disease Working Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hennie T Brüggenwirth
- Department of Clinical Genetics and European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease (VASCERN), HTAD Rare Disease Working Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M B H van de Laar
- Department of Clinical Genetics and European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease (VASCERN), HTAD Rare Disease Working Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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63
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Steux C, Szpiech ZA. The Maintenance of Deleterious Variation in Wild Chinese Rhesus Macaques. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae115. [PMID: 38795368 PMCID: PMC11157460 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how deleterious variation is shaped and maintained in natural populations is important in conservation and evolutionary biology, as decreased fitness caused by these deleterious mutations can potentially lead to an increase in extinction risk. It is known that demographic processes can influence these patterns. For example, population bottlenecks and inbreeding increase the probability of inheriting identical-by-descent haplotypes from a recent common ancestor, creating long tracts of homozygous genotypes called runs of homozygosity (ROH), which have been associated with an accumulation of mildly deleterious homozygotes. Counterintuitively, positive selection can also maintain deleterious variants in a population through genetic hitchhiking. Here, we analyze the whole genomes of 79 wild Chinese rhesus macaques across five subspecies and characterize patterns of deleterious variation with respect to ROH and signals of recent positive selection. We show that the fraction of homozygotes occurring in long ROH is significantly higher for deleterious homozygotes than tolerated ones, whereas this trend is not observed for short and medium ROH. This confirms that inbreeding, by generating these long tracts of homozygosity, is the main driver of the high burden of homozygous deleterious alleles in wild macaque populations. Furthermore, we show evidence that homozygous LOF variants are being purged. Next, we identify seven deleterious variants at high frequency in regions putatively under selection near genes involved with olfaction and other processes. Our results shed light on how evolutionary processes can shape the distribution of deleterious variation in wild nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Steux
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3—Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Zachary A Szpiech
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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64
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Tritto V, Bettinaglio P, Mangano E, Cesaretti C, Marasca F, Castronovo C, Bordoni R, Battaglia C, Saletti V, Ranzani V, Bodega B, Eoli M, Natacci F, Riva P. Genetic/epigenetic effects in NF1 microdeletion syndrome: beyond the haploinsufficiency, looking at the contribution of not deleted genes. Hum Genet 2024; 143:775-795. [PMID: 38874808 PMCID: PMC11186880 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
NF1 microdeletion syndrome, accounting for 5-11% of NF1 patients, is caused by a deletion in the NF1 region and it is generally characterized by a severe phenotype. Although 70% of NF1 microdeletion patients presents the same 1.4 Mb type-I deletion, some patients may show additional clinical features. Therefore, the contribution of several pathogenic mechanisms, besides haploinsufficiency of some genes within the deletion interval, is expected and needs to be defined. We investigated an altered expression of deletion flanking genes by qPCR in patients with type-1 NF1 deletion, compared to healthy donors, possibly contributing to the clinical traits of NF1 microdeletion syndrome. In addition, the 1.4-Mb deletion leads to changes in the 3D chromatin structure in the 17q11.2 region. Specifically, this deletion alters DNA-DNA interactions in the regions flanking the breakpoints, as demonstrated by our 4C-seq analysis. This alteration likely causes position effect on the expression of deletion flanking genes.Interestingly, 4C-seq analysis revealed that in microdeletion patients, an interaction was established between the RHOT1 promoter and the SLC6A4 gene, which showed increased expression. We performed NGS on putative modifier genes, and identified two "likely pathogenic" rare variants in RAS pathway, possibly contributing to incidental phenotypic features.This study provides new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of NF1 microdeletion syndrome and suggests a novel pathomechanism that contributes to the expression phenotype in addition to haploinsufficiency of genes located within the deletion.This is a pivotal approach that can be applied to unravel microdeletion syndromes, improving precision medicine, prognosis and patients' follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Tritto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bettinaglio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mangano
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Claudia Cesaretti
- Medical Genetics Unit, Woman-Child-Newborn Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marasca
- Genome Biology Unit, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Castronovo
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Roberta Bordoni
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Veronica Saletti
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Ranzani
- Genome Biology Unit, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bodega
- Genome Biology Unit, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences (DBS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Eoli
- Molecular Neuroncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Natacci
- Medical Genetics Unit, Woman-Child-Newborn Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Riva
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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65
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Lee NY, Hum M, Wong M, Ong PY, Lee SC, Lee ASG. Alleviating misclassified germline variants in underrepresented populations: A strategy using popmax. Genet Med 2024; 26:101124. [PMID: 38522067 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline variant interpretation often depends on population-matched control cohorts. This is not feasible for population groups that are underrepresented in current population reference databases. METHODS We classify germline variants with population-matched controls for 2 ancestrally diverse cohorts of patients: 132 early-onset or familial colorectal carcinoma patients from Singapore and 100 early-onset colorectal carcinoma patients from the United States. The effects of using a population-mismatched control cohort are simulated by swapping the control cohorts used for each patient cohort, with or without the popmax computational strategy. RESULTS Population-matched classifications revealed a combined 62 pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 34 genes across both cohorts. Using a population-mismatched control cohort resulted in misclassification of non-P/LP variants as P/LP, driven by the absence of ancestry-specific rare variants in the control cohort. Popmax was more effective in alleviating misclassifications for the Singapore cohort than the US cohort. CONCLUSION Underrepresented population groups can suffer from higher rates of false-positive P/LP results. Popmax can partially alleviate these misclassifications, but its efficacy still depends on the degree with which the population groups are represented in the control cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yuan Lee
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa Hum
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei-Yi Ong
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute, Singapore (CSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ann S G Lee
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme (ONCO ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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66
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Barbotin AL, Boursier A, Jourdain AS, Moerman A, Rabat B, Chehimi M, Thuillier C, Ghoumid J, Smol T. Identification of a novel CFAP61 homozygous splicing variant associated with multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:1499-1505. [PMID: 38775994 PMCID: PMC11224159 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of a newly identified homozygous variant (c.1245 + 6T > C) in the CFAP61 gene in the development of multiple morphologically abnormal flagella (MMAF) in an infertile patient. Using exome sequencing, we identified this variant, which led to exon 12 skipping and the production of a truncated CFAP61 protein. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the patient's spermatozoa revealed various flagellar abnormalities, including defective nuclear chromatin condensation, axoneme disorganization, and mitochondria embedded in residual cytoplasmic droplets. Despite a fertilization rate of 83.3% through ICSI, there was no successful pregnancy due to poor embryo quality.Our findings suggest a link between the identified CFAP61 variant and MMAF, indicating potential disruption in radial spokes' assembly or function crucial for normal ciliary motility. Furthermore, nearly half of the observed sperm heads displayed chromatin condensation defects, possibly contributing to the low blastulation rate. This case underscores the significance of genetic counseling and testing, particularly for couples dealing with infertility and MMAF. Early identification of such genetic variants can guide appropriate interventions and improve reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Barbotin
- UMRS1172 Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut de Biologie de la Reproduction-Spermiologie-CECOS, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Angèle Boursier
- UMRS1172 Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut de Biologie de la Reproduction-Spermiologie-CECOS, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Jourdain
- ULR7364 -RADEME - Maladies Rares du Développement Embryonnaire, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, CHU Lille, Avenue Oscar Lambret, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Baptiste Rabat
- ULR7364 -RADEME - Maladies Rares du Développement Embryonnaire, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mariam Chehimi
- Institut de Biologie de la Reproduction-Spermiologie-CECOS, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Thuillier
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, CHU Lille, Avenue Oscar Lambret, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- ULR7364 -RADEME - Maladies Rares du Développement Embryonnaire, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- ULR7364 -RADEME - Maladies Rares du Développement Embryonnaire, University of Lille, Lille, France.
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, CHU Lille, Avenue Oscar Lambret, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Bernstein N, Spencer Chapman M, Nyamondo K, Chen Z, Williams N, Mitchell E, Campbell PJ, Cohen RL, Nangalia J. Analysis of somatic mutations in whole blood from 200,618 individuals identifies pervasive positive selection and novel drivers of clonal hematopoiesis. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1147-1155. [PMID: 38744975 PMCID: PMC11176083 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Human aging is marked by the emergence of a tapestry of clonal expansions in dividing tissues, particularly evident in blood as clonal hematopoiesis (CH). CH, linked to cancer risk and aging-related phenotypes, often stems from somatic mutations in a set of established genes. However, the majority of clones lack known drivers. Here we infer gene-level positive selection in whole blood exomes from 200,618 individuals in UK Biobank. We identify 17 additional genes, ZBTB33, ZNF318, ZNF234, SPRED2, SH2B3, SRCAP, SIK3, SRSF1, CHEK2, CCDC115, CCL22, BAX, YLPM1, MYD88, MTA2, MAGEC3 and IGLL5, under positive selection at a population level, and validate this selection pattern in 10,837 whole genomes from single-cell-derived hematopoietic colonies. Clones with mutations in these genes grow in frequency and size with age, comparable to classical CH drivers. They correlate with heightened risk of infection, death and hematological malignancy, highlighting the significance of these additional genes in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Spencer Chapman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kudzai Nyamondo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhenghao Chen
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Emily Mitchell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Demirdas S, van den Bersselaar LM, Lechner R, Bos J, Alsters SI, Baars MJ, Baas AF, Baysal Ö, van der Crabben SN, Dulfer E, Giesbertz NA, Helderman-van den Enden AT, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Kempers MJ, Komdeur FL, Loeys B, Majoor-Krakauer D, Ockeloen CW, Overwater E, van Tintelen PJ, Voorendt M, de Waard V, Maugeri A, Brüggenwirth HT, van de Laar IM, Houweling AC. Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Comprehensive Natural History Study in a Dutch National Cohort of 142 Patients. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e003978. [PMID: 38623759 PMCID: PMC11188628 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.122.003978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder with a high risk for arterial, bowel, and uterine rupture, caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in COL3A1. The aim of this cohort study is to provide further insights into the natural history of vEDS and describe genotype-phenotype correlations in a Dutch multicenter cohort to optimize patient care and increase awareness of the disease. METHODS Individuals with vEDS throughout the Netherlands were included. The phenotype was charted by retrospective analysis of molecular and clinical data, combined with a one-time physical examination. RESULTS A total of 142 individuals (50% female) participated the study, including 46 index patients (32%). The overall median age at genetic diagnosis was 41.0 years. More than half of the index patients (54.3%) and relatives (53.1%) had a physical appearance highly suggestive of vEDS. In these individuals, major events were not more frequent (P=0.90), but occurred at a younger age (P=0.01). A major event occurred more often and at a younger age in men compared with women (P<0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). Aortic aneurysms (P=0.003) and pneumothoraces (P=0.029) were more frequent in men. Aortic dissection was more frequent in individuals with a COL3A1 variant in the first quarter of the collagen helical domain (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Male sex, type and location of the COL3A1 variant, and physical appearance highly suggestive of vEDS are risk factors for the occurrence and early age of onset of major events. This national multicenter cohort study of Dutch individuals with vEDS provides a valuable basis for improving guidelines for the diagnosing, follow-up, and treatment of individuals with vEDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serwet Demirdas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (S.D., L.M.v.d.B., R.L., D.M.-K., H.T.B., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.)
- European Reference Network ReCONNET, Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Working Group, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (S.D.)
| | - Lisa M. van den Bersselaar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (S.D., L.M.v.d.B., R.L., D.M.-K., H.T.B., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.)
| | - Rosan Lechner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (S.D., L.M.v.d.B., R.L., D.M.-K., H.T.B., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.)
| | - Jessica Bos
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.M., A.C.H.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.C.H.)
| | - Suzanne I.M. Alsters
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.M., A.C.H.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.C.H.)
| | - Marieke J.H. Baars
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.M., A.C.H.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.C.H.)
| | - Annette F. Baas
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.F.B., N.A.A.G., P.J.v.T.)
| | - Özlem Baysal
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, the Netherlands (O.B., M.J.E.K., B.L., C.W.O., M.V.)
| | - Saskia N. van der Crabben
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.M., A.C.H.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.C.H.)
| | - Eelco Dulfer
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (E.D., E.O.)
| | - Noor A.A. Giesbertz
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.F.B., N.A.A.G., P.J.v.T.)
| | | | - Yvonne Hilhorst-Hofstee
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Marlies J.E. Kempers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, the Netherlands (O.B., M.J.E.K., B.L., C.W.O., M.V.)
| | - Fenne L. Komdeur
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.M., A.C.H.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.C.H.)
| | - Bart Loeys
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, the Netherlands (O.B., M.J.E.K., B.L., C.W.O., M.V.)
| | - Daniëlle Majoor-Krakauer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (S.D., L.M.v.d.B., R.L., D.M.-K., H.T.B., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.)
| | - Charlotte W. Ockeloen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, the Netherlands (O.B., M.J.E.K., B.L., C.W.O., M.V.)
| | - Eline Overwater
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.M., A.C.H.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.C.H.)
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (E.D., E.O.)
| | - Peter J. van Tintelen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.F.B., N.A.A.G., P.J.v.T.)
| | - Marsha Voorendt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, the Netherlands (O.B., M.J.E.K., B.L., C.W.O., M.V.)
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (V.d.W.)
| | - Alessandra Maugeri
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.M., A.C.H.)
| | - Hennie T. Brüggenwirth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (S.D., L.M.v.d.B., R.L., D.M.-K., H.T.B., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.)
| | - Ingrid M.B.H. van de Laar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (S.D., L.M.v.d.B., R.L., D.M.-K., H.T.B., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.)
- European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease, Medium Sized Arteries Working Group, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (I.M.B.H.v.d.L.)
| | - Arjan C. Houweling
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.M., A.C.H.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B., S.I.M.A., M.J.H.B., S.N.v.d.C., F.L.K., E.O., A.C.H.)
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Wang T, Wang X, Teng Y, Wu L, Zhu F, Ma D, Wang H, Liu X. APLAID complicated with arrhythmogenic dilated cardiomyopathy caused by a novel PLCG2 variant. Immunol Res 2024; 72:512-519. [PMID: 38243104 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Yiqun Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pinghu Maternal and Child Health Center, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314200, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Danjie Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China.
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70
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Zhang Z, Wang T, Xu M, Zhang Z, Wang H, Xue J, Wang W. Deciphering the pancreatic cancer microbiome in Mainland China: Impact of Exiguobacterium/Bacillus ratio on tumor progression and prognostic significance. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107197. [PMID: 38692467 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The existing body of research underscores the critical impact of intratumoral microbiomes on the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), particularly in reshaping the tumor microenvironment and influencing gemcitabine resistance. However, peritumoral tissues' microbiome, distinct from PDAC tumors, remain understudied, and Western-centric analyses overlooking potential variations in dietary-influenced microbiomes. Our study addresses this gap by 16 S rRNA sequencing of PDAC tumors and matched peritumoral tissues from Chinese Mainland patients. Our research has uncovered that the microbiome composition within tumors and paired peritumoral tissues exhibits a high degree of similarity, albeit with certain discrepancies. Notably, Exiguobacterium is found to be more abundant within the tumor tissues. Further investigations have revealed that a lower Exiguobacterium/Bacillus ratio in both the tumor and peritumoral tissues of PDAC patients is indicative of a more favorable prognosis. Further exploration utilizing an orthotopic tumor model demonstrates that the probiotic Bacillus Coagulans impedes PDAC progression, accompanied by an increased infiltration of inflammatory neutrophils in tumors. Additionally, in the subgroup with a low Exiguobacterium/Bacillus ratio, whole-exome sequencing reveals elevated missense mutations in ABL2 and MSH2. The elevated expression of ABL2 and MSH2 has been correlated with poorer prognostic outcomes in PDAC patients. Together, these insights shed light on risk factors influencing PDAC progression and unveil potential therapeutic targets, alongside probiotic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Hongkou District Jiangwan Hospital, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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García-Aznar JM, Alonso Alvarez S, Bernal Del Castillo T. Pivotal role of BCL11B in the immune, hematopoietic and nervous systems: a review of the BCL11B-associated phenotypes from the genetic perspective. Genes Immun 2024; 25:232-241. [PMID: 38472338 PMCID: PMC11178493 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor BCL11B plays an essential role in the development of central nervous system and T cell differentiation by regulating the expression of numerous genes involved in several pathways. Monoallelic defects in the BCL11B gene leading to loss-of-function are associated with a wide spectrum of phenotypes, including neurological disorders with or without immunological features and susceptibility to hematological malignancies. From the genetic point of view, the landscape of BCL11B mutations reported so far does not fully explain the genotype-phenotype correlation. In this review, we sought to compile the phenotypic and genotypic variables associated with previously reported mutations in this gene in order to provide a better understanding of the consequences of deleterious variants. We also highlight the importance of a careful evaluation of the mutation type, its location and the pattern of inheritance of the variants in order to assign the most accurate pathogenicity and actionability of the genetic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María García-Aznar
- Healthincode, A Coruña, Spain.
- Universitary Institute of Oncology of Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Sara Alonso Alvarez
- Universitary Institute of Oncology of Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Bernal Del Castillo
- Universitary Institute of Oncology of Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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72
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Laurent R, Gineau L, Utge J, Lafosse S, Phoeung CL, Hegay T, Olaso R, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Toupance B, Heyer E, Leutenegger AL, Chaix R. Measuring the Efficiency of Purging by non-random Mating in Human Populations. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae094. [PMID: 38839045 PMCID: PMC11184347 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Human populations harbor a high concentration of deleterious genetic variants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that non-random mating practices affect the distribution of these variants, through exposure in the homozygous state, leading to their purging from the population gene pool. To do so, we produced whole-genome sequencing data for two pairs of Asian populations exhibiting different alliance rules and rates of inbreeding, but with similar effective population sizes. The results show that populations with higher rates of inbred matings do not purge deleterious variants more efficiently. Purging therefore has a low efficiency in human populations, and different mating practices lead to a similar mutational load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Laurent
- Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Laure Gineau
- IRD, MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - José Utge
- Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lafosse
- Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75016 Paris, France
| | | | - Tatyana Hegay
- Laboratory of Genome-cell technology, Institute of Immunology and Human genomics, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Bruno Toupance
- Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75016 Paris, France
- Eco-Anthropologie, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Heyer
- Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75016 Paris, France
| | | | - Raphaëlle Chaix
- Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75016 Paris, France
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Ebstein F, Latypova X, Hung KYS, Prado MA, Lee BH, Möller S, Zieba BA, Florenceau L, Vignard V, Poirier L, Moroni I, Dubucs C, Chassaing N, Horvath J, Prokisch H, Küry S, Bézieau S, Paulo JA, Finley D, Krüger E, Ghezzi D, Isidor B. Biallelic USP14 variants cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. Genet Med 2024; 26:101120. [PMID: 38469793 PMCID: PMC11241549 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Imbalances in protein homeostasis affect human brain development, with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy playing crucial roles in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). This study explores the impact of biallelic USP14 variants on neurodevelopment, focusing on its role as a key hub connecting UPS and autophagy. METHODS Here, we identified biallelic USP14 variants in 4 individuals from 3 unrelated families: 1 fetus, a newborn with a syndromic NDD and 2 siblings affected by a progressive neurological disease. Specifically, the 2 siblings from the latter family carried 2 compound heterozygous variants c.8T>C p.(Leu3Pro) and c.988C>T p.(Arg330∗), whereas the fetus had a homozygous frameshift c.899_902del p.(Lys300Serfs∗24) variant, and the newborn patient harbored a homozygous frameshift c.233_236del p.(Leu78Glnfs∗11) variant. Functional studies were conducted using sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western blotting, and mass spectrometry analyses in both patient-derived and CRISPR-Cas9-generated cells. RESULTS Our investigations indicated that the USP14 variants correlated with reduced N-terminal methionine excision, along with profound alterations in proteasome, autophagy, and mitophagy activities. CONCLUSION Biallelic USP14 variants in NDD patients perturbed protein degradation pathways, potentially contributing to disorder etiology. Altered UPS, autophagy, and mitophagy activities underscore the intricate interplay, elucidating their significance in maintaining proper protein homeostasis during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ebstein
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greifswald, Germany
- Present address: Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Xenia Latypova
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Miguel A. Prado
- Dept of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- Dept of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
- Dept of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Sophie Möller
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara A. Zieba
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laëtitia Florenceau
- Present address: Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Vignard
- Present address: Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Léa Poirier
- Present address: Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Charlotte Dubucs
- Département anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Judit Horvath
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Present address: Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Present address: Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Dept of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Daniel Finley
- Dept of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Elke Krüger
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
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Schwantes-An TH, Whitfield JB, Aithal GP, Atkinson SR, Bataller R, Botwin G, Chalasani NP, Cordell HJ, Daly AK, Darlay R, Day CP, Eyer F, Foroud T, Gawrieh S, Gleeson D, Goldman D, Haber PS, Jacquet JM, Lammert CS, Liang T, Liangpunsakul S, Masson S, Mathurin P, Moirand R, McQuillin A, Moreno C, Morgan MY, Mueller S, Müllhaupt B, Nagy LE, Nahon P, Nalpas B, Naveau S, Perney P, Pirmohamed M, Seitz HK, Soyka M, Stickel F, Thompson A, Thursz MR, Trépo E, Morgan TR, Seth D. A polygenic risk score for alcohol-associated cirrhosis among heavy drinkers with European ancestry. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0431. [PMID: 38727677 PMCID: PMC11093576 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) based on results from genome-wide association studies offer the prospect of risk stratification for many common and complex diseases. We developed a PRS for alcohol-associated cirrhosis by comparing single-nucleotide polymorphisms among patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis (ALC) versus drinkers who did not have evidence of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. METHODS Using a data-driven approach, a PRS for ALC was generated using a meta-genome-wide association study of ALC (N=4305) and an independent cohort of heavy drinkers with ALC and without significant liver disease (N=3037). It was validated in 2 additional independent cohorts from the UK Biobank with diagnosed ALC (N=467) and high-risk drinking controls (N=8981) and participants in the Indiana Biobank Liver cohort with alcohol-associated liver disease (N=121) and controls without liver disease (N=3239). RESULTS A 20-single-nucleotide polymorphisms PRS for ALC (PRSALC) was generated that stratified risk for ALC comparing the top and bottom deciles of PRS in the 2 validation cohorts (ORs: 2.83 [95% CI: 1.82 -4.39] in UK Biobank; 4.40 [1.56 -12.44] in Indiana Biobank Liver cohort). Furthermore, PRSALC improved the prediction of ALC risk when added to the models of clinically known predictors of ALC risk. It also stratified the risk for metabolic dysfunction -associated steatotic liver disease -cirrhosis (3.94 [2.23 -6.95]) in the Indiana Biobank Liver cohort -based exploratory analysis. CONCLUSIONS PRSALC incorporates 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, predicts increased risk for ALC, and improves risk stratification for ALC compared with the models that only include clinical risk factors. This new score has the potential for early detection of heavy drinking patients who are at high risk for ALC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - John B. Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Stephen R. Atkinson
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Greg Botwin
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, 5901 East Seventh Street, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
- F. Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California CA 90048, USA
| | - Naga P. Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5175, USA
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ann K. Daly
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rebecca Darlay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Christopher P. Day
- Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Florian Eyer
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5175, USA
| | - Dermot Gleeson
- Liver Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, AO Floor Robert Hadfield Building, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20952, USA
| | - Paul S. Haber
- Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Craig S. Lammert
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5175, USA
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5175, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Steven Masson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- CHRU de Lille, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Rue M. Polonovski CS 70001, 59 037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Romain Moirand
- Univ Rennes, INRA, INSERM, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Christophe Moreno
- CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, clinique d’Hépatologie, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marsha Y. Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Salem Medical Center and Center for Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Zeppelinstraße 11-33, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beat Müllhaupt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8901 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, OH 44195, USA
| | - Pierre Nahon
- Service d'Hépatologie, APHP Hôpital Avicenne et Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
- University Paris 13, Bobigny, France
- Inserm U1162 Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Nalpas
- Service Addictologie, CHRU Caremeau, 30029 Nîmes, France
- DISC, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Naveau
- Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, 157 Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Pascal Perney
- Hôpital Universitaire Caremeau, Place du Pr. Robert Debre, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, and Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Helmut K. Seitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Salem Medical Center and Center for Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Zeppelinstraße 11-33, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- Psychiatric Hospital University of Munich, Nussbaumsstr.7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8901 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Thompson
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, and Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
- Health Analytics, Lane Clark & Peacock LLP, London, UK
| | - Mark R. Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Eric Trépo
- CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, clinique d’Hépatologie, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timothy R. Morgan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, 5901 East Seventh Street, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Devanshi Seth
- Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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D'Apolito M, Santacroce R, Vazquez DO, Cordisco G, Fantini CA, D'Andrea G, Leccese A, Colia AL, Martinez P, Zanichelli A, Josviack D, Margaglione M. DAB2IP associates with hereditary angioedema: Insights into the role of VEGF signaling in HAE pathophysiology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00558-X. [PMID: 38823490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the recent years, there was an important improvement in the understanding of the pathogenesis of hereditary angioedema (HAE). Notwithstanding, in a large portion of patients with unknown mutation (HAE-UNK) the genetic cause remains to be identified. OBJECTIVES To identify new genetic targets associated with HAE, a large Argentine family with HAE-UNK spanning 3 generations was studied. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed on affected family members to identify potential genetic variants associated with HAE-UNK. In silico analyses and experimental studies were applied to assess the role of the identified gene variant. RESULTS A missense variant (p.D239N) in DAB2IP was identified. The variant occurred in the C2-domain, the region interacting with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). It was found to be rare, and predicted to have a detrimental effect on the functionality of DAB2IP. Protein structure modeling predicted changes in the mutant p.D239N protein structure, impacting protein stability. The p.D239N variant affected the subcellular localization of VEGFR2. Cells transfected with the DAB2IP-239N transcript exhibited an intracellular distribution, and VEGFR2 remained associated with the cell membrane. The altered localization pattern indicated reduced colocalization of the mutant protein with VEGFR2, suggesting a diminished ability of VEGFR2 binding. CONCLUSIONS The study identified a novel missense variant (p.D239N) in DAB2IP in a family with HAE-UNK and highlighted the role of dysregulated VEGF-mediated signaling in altered endothelial permeability. DAB2IP loss-of-function pathogenic variants lead to the impairment of the endothelial VEGF/VEGFR2 ligand system and represent a new pathophysiologic cause of HAE-UNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Apolito
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosa Santacroce
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Cordisco
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna D'Andrea
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angelica Leccese
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Colia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pablo Martinez
- Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina Hospital Penna de Bahia Blanca, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | - Andrea Zanichelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Operative Unit of Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Darío Josviack
- Instituto de Medicina Respiratoria, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Huang M, Liu YU, Yao X, Qin D, Su H. Variability in SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: geographic patterns, clinical heterogeneity, molecular alterations, and therapeutic implications. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38811997 PMCID: PMC11138100 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, resulting in global health burden and limited post-diagnosis life expectancy. Although primarily sporadic, familial ALS (fALS) cases suggest a genetic basis. This review focuses on SOD1, the first gene found to be associated with fALS, which has been more recently confirmed by genome sequencing. While informative, databases such as ALSoD and STRENGTH exhibit regional biases. Through a systematic global examination of SOD1 mutations from 1993 to 2023, we found different geographic distributions and clinical presentations. Even though different SOD1 variants are expressed at different protein levels and have different half-lives and dismutase activities, these alterations lead to loss of function that is not consistently correlated with disease severity. Gain of function of toxic aggregates of SOD1 resulting from mutated SOD1 has emerged as one of the key contributors to ALS. Therapeutic interventions specifically targeting toxic gain of function of mutant SOD1, including RNA interference and antibodies, show promise, but a cure remains elusive. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on SOD1-associated ALS and describes molecular features and the complex genetic landscape of SOD1, highlighting its importance in determining diverse clinical manifestations observed in ALS patients and emphasizing the need for personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaodan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yong U Liu
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology in Health and Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510799, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Yu Z, Li X, Quan Y, Chen J, Liu J, Zheng N, Liu S, Wang Y, Liu W, Qiu C, Wang Y, Zheng R, Qin J. Itaconate alleviates diet-induced obesity via activation of brown adipocyte thermogenesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114142. [PMID: 38691458 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite medical advances, there remains an unmet need for better treatment of obesity. Itaconate, a product of the decarboxylation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitate, plays a regulatory role in both metabolism and immunity. Here, we show that itaconate, as an endogenous compound, counteracts high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity through leptin-independent mechanisms in three mouse models. Specifically, itaconate reduces weight gain, reverses hyperlipidemia, and improves glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. Additionally, itaconate enhances energy expenditure and the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Unbiased proteomic analysis reveals that itaconate upregulates key proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation and represses the expression of lipogenic genes. Itaconate may provoke a major metabolic reprogramming by inducing fatty acid oxidation and suppression of fatty acid synthesis in BAT. These findings highlight itaconate as a potential activator of BAT-mediated thermogenesis and a promising candidate for anti-obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xianju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanni Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nairen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yini Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
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Zhou Y, Pirmann S, Lauschke VM. APF2: an improved ensemble method for pharmacogenomic variant effect prediction. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2024; 24:17. [PMID: 38802404 PMCID: PMC11129946 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-024-00338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Lack of efficacy or adverse drug response are common phenomena in pharmacological therapy causing considerable morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that 20-30% of this variability in drug response stems from variations in genes encoding drug targets or factors involved in drug disposition. Leveraging such pharmacogenomic information for the preemptive identification of patients who would benefit from dose adjustments or alternative medications thus constitutes an important frontier of precision medicine. Computational methods can be used to predict the functional effects of variant of unknown significance. However, their performance on pharmacogenomic variant data has been lackluster. To overcome this limitation, we previously developed an ensemble classifier, termed APF, specifically designed for pharmacogenomic variant prediction. Here, we aimed to further improve predictions by leveraging recent key advances in the prediction of protein folding based on deep neural networks. Benchmarking of 28 variant effect predictors on 530 pharmacogenetic missense variants revealed that structural predictions using AlphaMissense were most specific, whereas APF exhibited the most balanced performance. We then developed a new tool, APF2, by optimizing algorithm parametrization of the top performing algorithms for pharmacogenomic variations and aggregating their predictions into a unified ensemble score. Importantly, APF2 provides quantitative variant effect estimates that correlate well with experimental results (R2 = 0.91, p = 0.003) and predicts the functional impact of pharmacogenomic variants with higher accuracy than previous methods, particularly for clinically relevant variations with actionable pharmacogenomic guidelines. We furthermore demonstrate better performance (92% accuracy) on an independent test set of 146 variants across 61 pharmacogenes not used for model training or validation. Application of APF2 to population-scale sequencing data from over 800,000 individuals revealed drastic ethnogeographic differences with important implications for pharmacotherapy. We thus think that APF2 holds the potential to improve the translation of genetic information into pharmacogenetic recommendations, thereby facilitating the use of Next-Generation Sequencing data for stratified medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Pirmann
- Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health, Karlsruhe/Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Zhao SH, Yap KL, Allegretti V, Drackley A, Ing A, Gordon A, Skol A, McMullen P, Bohnsack BL, Kurup SP, Ralay Ranaivo H, Rossen JL. A Case of Non-Syndromic Congenital Cataracts Caused by a Novel MAF Variant in the C-Terminal DNA-Binding Domain-Case Report and Literature Review. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:686. [PMID: 38927621 PMCID: PMC11203127 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The MAF gene encodes a transcription factor in which pathogenic variants have been associated with both isolated and syndromic congenital cataracts. We aim to review the MAF variants in the C-terminal DNA-binding domain associated with non-syndromic congenital cataracts and describe a patient with a novel, disease-causing de novo missense variant. Published reports of C-terminal MAF variants and their associated congenital cataracts and ophthalmic findings were reviewed. The patient we present and his biological parents had genetic testing via a targeted gene panel followed by trio-based whole exome sequencing. A 4-year-old patient with a history of bilateral nuclear and cortical cataracts was found to have a novel, likely pathogenic de novo variant in MAF, NM_005360.5:c.922A>G (p.Lys308Glu). No syndromic findings or anterior segment abnormalities were identified. We report the novel missense variant, c.922A>G (p.Lys308Glu), in the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of MAF classified as likely pathogenic and associated with non-syndromic bilateral congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H. Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.H.Z.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Kai Lee Yap
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.L.Y.); (A.D.); (A.I.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Valerie Allegretti
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.); (A.G.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Andy Drackley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.L.Y.); (A.D.); (A.I.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Alexander Ing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.L.Y.); (A.D.); (A.I.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Adam Gordon
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.); (A.G.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Andrew Skol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.L.Y.); (A.D.); (A.I.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrick McMullen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.L.Y.); (A.D.); (A.I.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Brenda L. Bohnsack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.H.Z.); (B.L.B.)
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.); (A.G.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Sudhi P. Kurup
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.H.Z.); (B.L.B.)
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.); (A.G.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.); (A.G.); (H.R.R.)
| | - Jennifer L. Rossen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.H.Z.); (B.L.B.)
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (V.A.); (A.G.); (H.R.R.)
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80
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Best S, Fehlberg Z, Richards C, Quinn MCJ, Lunke S, Spurdle AB, Kassahn KS, Patel C, Vears DF, Goranitis I, Lynch F, Robertson A, Tudini E, Christodoulou J, Scott H, McGaughran J, Stark Z. Reanalysis of genomic data in rare disease: current practice and attitudes among Australian clinical and laboratory genetics services. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01633-8. [PMID: 38796577 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reanalyzing stored genomic data over time is highly effective in increasing diagnostic yield in rare disease. Automation holds the promise of delivering the benefits of reanalysis at scale. Our study aimed to understand current reanalysis practices among Australian clinical and laboratory genetics services and explore attitudes towards large-scale automated re-analysis. We collected audit data regarding testing and reanalysis volumes, policies and procedures from all Australian diagnostic laboratories providing rare disease genomic testing. A genetic health professionals' survey explored current practices, barriers to reanalysis, preferences and attitudes towards automation. Between 2018 and 2021, Australian diagnostic laboratories performed over 25,000 new genomic tests and 950 reanalyses, predominantly in response to clinician requests. Laboratory and clinical genetic health professionals (N = 134) identified workforce capacity as the principal barrier to reanalysis. No specific laboratory or clinical guidelines for genomic data reanalysis or policies were identified nationally. Perceptions of acceptability and feasibility of automating reanalysis were positive, with professionals emphasizing clinical and workflow benefits. In conclusion, there is a large and rapidly growing unmet need for reanalysis of existing genomic data. Beyond developing scalable automated reanalysis pipelines, leadership and policy are needed to successfully transform service delivery models and maximize clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Best
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe Fehlberg
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Richards
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karin S Kassahn
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danya F Vears
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilias Goranitis
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Lynch
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Robertson
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The Genomic Institute, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Tudini
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hamish Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julie McGaughran
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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81
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Chen X, Fansler MM, Janjoš U, Ule J, Mayr C. The FXR1 network acts as signaling scaffold for actomyosin remodeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.05.565677. [PMID: 37961296 PMCID: PMC10635158 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.05.565677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
It is currently not known whether mRNAs fulfill structural roles in the cytoplasm. Here, we report the FXR1 network, an mRNA-protein (mRNP) network present throughout the cytoplasm, formed by FXR1-mediated packaging of exceptionally long mRNAs. These mRNAs serve as underlying condensate scaffold and concentrate FXR1 molecules. The FXR1 network contains multiple protein binding sites and functions as a signaling scaffold for interacting proteins. We show that it is necessary for RhoA signaling-induced actomyosin reorganization to provide spatial proximity between kinases and their substrates. Point mutations in FXR1, found in its homolog FMR1, where they cause Fragile X syndrome, disrupt the network. FXR1 network disruption prevents actomyosin remodeling-an essential and ubiquitous process for the regulation of cell shape, migration, and synaptic function. These findings uncover a structural role for cytoplasmic mRNA and show how the FXR1 RNA-binding protein as part of the FXR1 network acts as organizer of signaling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mervin M Fansler
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Urška Janjoš
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biosciences PhD Program, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Ule
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Christine Mayr
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
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82
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Wen C, Margolis M, Dai R, Zhang P, Przytycki PF, Vo DD, Bhattacharya A, Matoba N, Tang M, Jiao C, Kim M, Tsai E, Hoh C, Aygün N, Walker RL, Chatzinakos C, Clarke D, Pratt H, Peters MA, Gerstein M, Daskalakis NP, Weng Z, Jaffe AE, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Weinberger DR, Bray NJ, Sestan N, Geschwind DH, Roeder K, Gusev A, Pasaniuc B, Stein JL, Love MI, Pollard KS, Liu C, Gandal MJ. Cross-ancestry atlas of gene, isoform, and splicing regulation in the developing human brain. Science 2024; 384:eadh0829. [PMID: 38781368 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric genome-wide association studies (GWASs), including those for autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, show strong enrichment for regulatory elements in the developing brain. However, prioritizing risk genes and mechanisms is challenging without a unified regulatory atlas. Across 672 diverse developing human brains, we identified 15,752 genes harboring gene, isoform, and/or splicing quantitative trait loci, mapping 3739 to cellular contexts. Gene expression heritability drops during development, likely reflecting both increasing cellular heterogeneity and the intrinsic properties of neuronal maturation. Isoform-level regulation, particularly in the second trimester, mediated the largest proportion of GWAS heritability. Through colocalization, we prioritized mechanisms for about 60% of GWAS loci across five disorders, exceeding adult brain findings. Finally, we contextualized results within gene and isoform coexpression networks, revealing the comprehensive landscape of transcriptome regulation in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Wen
- Interdepartmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rujia Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pawel F Przytycki
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel D Vo
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arjun Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nana Matoba
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Miao Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chuan Jiao
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Team Krebs, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ellen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Celine Hoh
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nil Aygün
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rebecca L Walker
- Interdepartmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christos Chatzinakos
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Declan Clarke
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Henry Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mette A Peters
- CNS Data Coordination Group, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Neumora Therapeutics, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bray
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics & Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Interdepartmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason L Stein
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael I Love
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Interdepartmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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83
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Rosenfeld E, Mitteer LM, Boodhansingh K, Sanders VR, McKnight H, De Leon DD. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Hyperinsulinism in Kabuki Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae101. [PMID: 38859884 PMCID: PMC11163021 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Kabuki syndrome (KS) is associated with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI). Objective To characterize the clinical and molecular features of HI in children with KS. Design Retrospective cohort study of children with KS and HI evaluated between 1998 and 2023. Setting The Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Patients Thirty-three children with KS and HI. Main Outcome Measures HI presentation, treatment, course, and genotype. Results Hypoglycemia was recognized on the first day of life in 25 children (76%). Median age at HI diagnosis was 1.8 months (interquartile range [IQR], 0.6-6.1 months). Median age at KS diagnosis was 5 months (IQR, 2-14 months). Diagnosis of HI preceded KS diagnosis in 20 children (61%). Twenty-four children (73%) had a pathogenic variant in KMT2D, 5 children (15%) had a pathogenic variant in KDM6A, and 4 children (12%) had a clinical diagnosis of KS. Diazoxide trial was conducted in 25 children, 92% of whom were responsive. HI treatment was discontinued in 46% of the cohort at median age 2.8 years (IQR, 1.3-5.7 years). Conclusion Hypoglycemia was recognized at birth in most children with KS and HI, but HI diagnosis was often delayed. HI was effectively managed with diazoxide in most children. In contrast to prior reports, the frequency of variants in KMT2D and KDM6A were similar to their overall prevalence in individuals with KS. Children diagnosed with KS should undergo evaluation for HI, and, because KS features may not be recognized in infancy, KMT2D and KDM6A should be included in the genetic evaluation of HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rosenfeld
- Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren M Mitteer
- Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kara Boodhansingh
- Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Victoria R Sanders
- Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Heather McKnight
- Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diva D De Leon
- Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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84
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Forrest IS, Duffy Á, Park JK, Vy HMT, Pasquale LR, Nadkarni GN, Cho JH, Do R. Genome-first evaluation with exome sequence and clinical data uncovers underdiagnosed genetic disorders in a large healthcare system. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101518. [PMID: 38642551 PMCID: PMC11148562 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Population-based genomic screening may help diagnose individuals with disease-risk variants. Here, we perform a genome-first evaluation for nine disorders in 29,039 participants with linked exome sequences and electronic health records (EHRs). We identify 614 individuals with 303 pathogenic/likely pathogenic or predicted loss-of-function (P/LP/LoF) variants, yielding 644 observations; 487 observations (76%) lack a corresponding clinical diagnosis in the EHR. Upon further investigation, 75 clinically undiagnosed observations (15%) have evidence of symptomatic untreated disease, including familial hypercholesterolemia (3 of 6 [50%] undiagnosed observations with disease evidence) and breast cancer (23 of 106 [22%]). These genetic findings enable targeted phenotyping that reveals new diagnoses in previously undiagnosed individuals. Disease yield is greater with variants in penetrant genes for which disease is observed in carriers in an independent cohort. The prevalence of P/LP/LoF variants exceeds that of clinical diagnoses, and some clinically undiagnosed carriers are discovered to have disease. These results highlight the potential of population-based genomic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain S Forrest
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Áine Duffy
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua K Park
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ha My T Vy
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Genomic Data Analytics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Eye and Vision Research Institute, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Division of Data-driven and Digital Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy H Cho
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ron Do
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Genomic Data Analytics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Krishna Murthy SB, Yang S, Bheda S, Tomar N, Li H, Yaghoobi A, Khan A, Kiryluk K, Motelow JE, Ren N, Gharavi AG, Milo Rasouly H. Assisting the analysis of insertions and deletions using regional allele frequencies. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38764005 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Accurate estimation of population allele frequency (AF) is crucial for gene discovery and genetic diagnostics. However, determining AF for frameshift-inducing small insertions and deletions (indels) faces challenges due to discrepancies in mapping and variant calling methods. Here, we propose an innovative approach to assess indel AF. We developed CRAFTS-indels (Calculating Regional Allele Frequency Targeting Small indels), an algorithm that combines AF of distinct indels within a given region and provides "regional AF" (rAF). We tested and validated CRAFTS-indels using three independent datasets: gnomAD v2 (n=125,748 samples), an internal dataset (IGM; n=39,367), and the UK BioBank (UKBB; n=469,835). By comparing rAF against standard AF, we identified rare indels with rAF exceeding standard AF (sAF≤10-4 and rAF>10-4) as "rAF-hi" indels. Notably, a high percentage of rare indels were "rAF-hi", with a higher proportion in gnomAD v2 (11-20%) and IGM (11-22%) compared to the UKBB (5-9% depending on the CRAFTS-indels' parameters). Analysis of the overlap of regions based on their rAF with low complexity regions and with ClinVar classification supported the pertinence of rAF. Using the internal dataset, we illustrated the utility of CRAFTS-indel in the analysis of de novo variants and the potential negative impact of rAF-hi indels in gene discovery. In summary, annotation of indels with cohort specific rAF can be used to handle some of the limitations of current annotation pipelines and facilitate detection of novel gene disease associations. CRAFTS-indels offers a user-friendly approach to providing rAF annotation. It can be integrated into public databases such as gnomAD, UKBB and used by ClinVar to revise indel classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Babu Krishna Murthy
- Center for Precision Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandy Yang
- Center for Precision Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shiraz Bheda
- Center for Precision Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikita Tomar
- Center for Precision Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haiyue Li
- Center for Precision Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amir Yaghoobi
- Center for Precision Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atlas Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua E Motelow
- Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nick Ren
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Center for Precision Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hila Milo Rasouly
- Center for Precision Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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86
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Brock DC, Wang M, Hussain HMJ, Rauch DE, Marra M, Pennesi ME, Yang P, Everett L, Ajlan RS, Colbert J, Porto FBO, Matynia A, Gorin MB, Koenekoop RK, Lopez I, Sui R, Zou G, Li Y, Chen R. Comparative analysis of in-silico tools in identifying pathogenic variants in dominant inherited retinal diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:945-957. [PMID: 38453143 PMCID: PMC11102593 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of rare genetic eye conditions that cause blindness. Despite progress in identifying genes associated with IRDs, improvements are necessary for classifying rare autosomal dominant (AD) disorders. AD diseases are highly heterogenous, with causal variants being restricted to specific amino acid changes within certain protein domains, making AD conditions difficult to classify. Here, we aim to determine the top-performing in-silico tools for predicting the pathogenicity of AD IRD variants. We annotated variants from ClinVar and benchmarked 39 variant classifier tools on IRD genes, split by inheritance pattern. Using area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis, we determined the top-performing tools and defined thresholds for variant pathogenicity. Top-performing tools were assessed using genome sequencing on a cohort of participants with IRDs of unknown etiology. MutScore achieved the highest accuracy within AD genes, yielding an AUC of 0.969. When filtering for AD gain-of-function and dominant negative variants, BayesDel had the highest accuracy with an AUC of 0.997. Five participants with variants in NR2E3, RHO, GUCA1A, and GUCY2D were confirmed to have dominantly inherited disease based on pedigree, phenotype, and segregation analysis. We identified two uncharacterized variants in GUCA1A (c.428T>A, p.Ile143Thr) and RHO (c.631C>G, p.His211Asp) in three participants. Our findings support using a multi-classifier approach comprised of new missense classifier tools to identify pathogenic variants in participants with AD IRDs. Our results provide a foundation for improved genetic diagnosis for people with IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Brock
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - David E Rauch
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Molly Marra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 SW Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 SW Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Paul Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 SW Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Lesley Everett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 SW Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Radwan S Ajlan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Jason Colbert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Fernanda Belga Ottoni Porto
- INRET Clínica e Centro de Pesquisa, Rua dos Otoni, 735/507 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30150270, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, Av. Francisco Sales, 1111 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30150221, Brazil
- Centro Oftalmológico de Minas Gerais, R. Santa Catarina, 941 - Lourdes, Belo Horizonte, MG 30180070, Brazil
| | - Anna Matynia
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4401 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Michael B Gorin
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory and Centre, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics, and Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Centre, 5252 Boul de Maisonneuve ouest, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Irma Lopez
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory and Centre, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics, and Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Centre, 5252 Boul de Maisonneuve ouest, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Ruifang Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, WC67+HW Dongcheng, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Gang Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye, F4RJ+43 Xixia District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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87
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Deng L, Zhou YL, Cai Z, Zhu J, Li Z, Bao Z. Massively parallel CRISPR-assisted homologous recombination enables saturation editing of full-length endogenous genes in yeast. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9382. [PMID: 38748797 PMCID: PMC11095455 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Performing saturation editing of chromosomal genes will enable the study of genetic variants in situ and facilitate protein and cell engineering. However, current in vivo editing of endogenous genes either lacks flexibility or is limited to discrete codons and short gene fragments, preventing a comprehensive exploration of genotype-phenotype relationships. To enable facile saturation editing of full-length genes, we used a protospacer adjacent motif-relaxed Cas9 variant and homology-directed repair to achieve above 60% user-defined codon replacement efficiencies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Coupled with massively parallel DNA design and synthesis, we developed a saturation gene editing method termed CRISPR-Cas9- and homology-directed repair-assisted saturation editing (CHASE) and achieved highly saturated codon swapping of long genomic regions. By applying CHASE to massively edit a well-studied global transcription factor gene, we found known and unreported genetic variants affecting an industrially relevant microbial trait. The user-defined codon editing capability and wide targeting windows of CHASE substantially expand the scope of saturation gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Lian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenkun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Bota Biosciences, Hangzhou 311222, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zenan Li
- Bota Biosciences, Hangzhou 311222, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zehua Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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88
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Luo T, Zhang M, Li S, Situ M, Liu P, Wang M, Tao Y, Zhao S, Wang Z, Yang Y, Huang Y. Exome functional risk score and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability outcome of children with autism spectrum disorder in 4 years' follow up. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1384134. [PMID: 38818019 PMCID: PMC11137745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1384134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder emerging in early childhood, with heterogeneous clinical outcomes across individuals. This study aims to recognize neuroimaging genetic factors associated with outcomes of ASD after a 4-year follow-up. Methods A total of 104 ASD children were included in this study; they underwent clinical assessments, MRI data acquisition, and the whole exome sequencing (WES). Exome functional risk score (EFRS) was calculated based on WES; and two modalities of brain connectivity were constructed based on MRI data, that is functional connectivity (FC) for functional MRI (fMRI), and individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) for structural MRI (sMRI), to explore the neuroimaging genetic biomarker of outcomes of ASD children. Results Regression analysis found EFRS predicts social adaptability at the 4-year follow-up (Y = -0.013X + 9.29, p = 0.003). We identified 19 pairs of FC associated with autism symptoms severity at follow-up, 10 pairs of FC and 4 pairs of IDSCN associated with social adaptability at follow-up, and 10 pairs of FC associated with ASD EFRS by support vector regression (SVR). Related brain regions with prognostic predictive effects are mainly distributed in superior frontal gyrus, occipital cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, paracentral lobule, pallidum, and amygdala for FC, and temporal cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus for IDSCN. Mediation model showed that ASD EFRS affects the social communication of ASD children through the mediation of FC between left middle occipital gyrus and left pallidum (RMSEA=0.126, CMIN=80.66, DF=42, p< 0.001, CFI=0.867, AIC=152). Discussion Our findings underscore that both EFRS and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability, and that brain connectivity serving as mediator in the relationship of EFRS and behaviors of ASD, suggesting the intervention targets in the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Plyler ZE, McAtee CW, Hill AE, Crowley MR, Tindall JM, Tindall SR, Joshi D, Sorscher EJ. Relationships between genomic dissipation and de novo SNP evolution. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303257. [PMID: 38753830 PMCID: PMC11098520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Patterns of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eukaryotic DNA are traditionally attributed to selective pressure, drift, identity descent, or related factors-without accounting for ways in which bias during de novo SNP formation, itself, might contribute. A functional and phenotypic analysis based on evolutionary resilience of DNA points to decreased numbers of non-synonymous SNPs in human and other genomes, with a predominant component of SNP depletion in the human gene pool caused by robust preferences during de novo SNP formation (rather than selective constraint). Ramifications of these findings are broad, belie a number of concepts regarding human evolution, and point to a novel interpretation of evolving DNA across diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackery E. Plyler
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christopher W. McAtee
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Aubrey E. Hill
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | | | - Disha Joshi
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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90
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Kraft J, Braun A, Awasthi S, Panagiotaropoulou G, Schipper M, Bell N, Posthuma D, Pardiñas AF, Ripke S, Heilbron K. Identifying drug targets for schizophrenia through gene prioritization. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.15.24307423. [PMID: 38798390 PMCID: PMC11118622 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.24307423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia genome-wide association studies (GWASes) have identified >250 significant loci and prioritized >100 disease-related genes. However, gene prioritization efforts have mostly been restricted to locus-based methods that ignore information from the rest of the genome. Methods To more accurately characterize genes involved in schizophrenia etiology, we applied a combination of highly-predictive tools to a published GWAS of 67,390 schizophrenia cases and 94,015 controls. We combined both locus-based methods (fine-mapped coding variants, distance to GWAS signals) and genome-wide methods (PoPS, MAGMA, ultra-rare coding variant burden tests). To validate our findings, we compared them with previous prioritization efforts, known neurodevelopmental genes, and results from the PsyOPS tool. Results We prioritized 62 schizophrenia genes, 41 of which were also highlighted by our validation methods. In addition to DRD2, the principal target of antipsychotics, we prioritized 9 genes that are targeted by approved or investigational drugs. These included drugs targeting glutamatergic receptors (GRIN2A and GRM3), calcium channels (CACNA1C and CACNB2), and GABAB receptor (GABBR2). These also included genes in loci that are shared with an addiction GWAS (e.g. PDE4B and VRK2). Conclusions We curated a high-quality list of 62 genes that likely play a role in the development of schizophrenia. Developing or repurposing drugs that target these genes may lead to a new generation of schizophrenia therapies. Rodent models of addiction more closely resemble the human disorder than rodent models of schizophrenia. As such, genes prioritized for both disorders could be explored in rodent addiction models, potentially facilitating drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kraft
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgia Panagiotaropoulou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nathaniel Bell
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio F. Pardiñas
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Heilbron
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
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Sha Z, Sun KY, Jung B, Barzilay R, Moore TM, Almasy L, Forsyth JK, Prem S, Gandal MJ, Seidlitz J, Glessner JT, Alexander-Bloch AF. The copy number variant architecture of psychopathology and cognitive development in the ABCD ® study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.14.24307376. [PMID: 38798629 PMCID: PMC11118651 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.24307376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Importance Childhood is a crucial developmental phase for mental health and cognitive function, both of which are commonly affected in patients with psychiatric disorders. This neurodevelopmental trajectory is shaped by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. While common genetic variants account for a large proportion of inherited genetic risk, rare genetic variations, particularly copy number variants (CNVs), play a significant role in the genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite their importance, the relevance of CNVs to child psychopathology and cognitive function in the general population remains underexplored. Objective Investigating CNV associations with dimensions of child psychopathology and cognitive functions. Design Setting and Participants ABCD® study focuses on a cohort of over 11,875 youth aged 9 to 10, recruited from 21 sites in the US, aiming to investigate the role of various factors, including brain, environment, and genetic factors, in the etiology of mental and physical health from middle childhood through early adulthood. Data analysis occurred from April 2023 to April 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures In this study, we utilized PennCNV and QuantiSNP algorithms to identify duplications and deletions larger than 50Kb across a cohort of 11,088 individuals from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development® study. CNVs meeting quality control standards were subjected to a genome-wide association scan to identify regions associated with quantitative measures of broad psychiatric symptom domains and cognitive outcomes. Additionally, a CNV risk score, reflecting the aggregated burden of genetic intolerance to inactivation and dosage sensitivity, was calculated to assess its impact on variability in overall and dimensional child psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes. Results In a final sample of 8,564 individuals (mean age=9.9 years, 4,532 males) passing quality control, we identified 4,111 individuals carrying 5,760 autosomal CNVs. Our results revealed significant associations between specific CNVs and our phenotypes of interest, psychopathology and cognitive function. For instance, a duplication at 10q26.3 was associated with overall psychopathology, and somatic complaints in particular. Additionally, deletions at 1q12.1, along with duplications at 14q11.2 and 10q26.3, were linked to overall cognitive function, with particular contributions from fluid intelligence (14q11.2), working memory (10q26.3), and reading ability (14q11.2). Moreover, individuals carrying CNVs previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders exhibited greater impairment in social functioning and cognitive performance across multiple domains, in particular working memory. Notably, a higher deletion CNV risk score was significantly correlated with increased overall psychopathology (especially in dimensions of social functioning, thought disorder, and attention) as well as cognitive impairment across various domains. Conclusions and Relevance In summary, our findings shed light on the contributions of CNVs to interindividual variability in complex traits related to neurocognitive development and child psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Y. Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Jung
- Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Smrithi Prem
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael J. Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph T. Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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92
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Tordai H, Torres O, Csepi M, Padányi R, Lukács GL, Hegedűs T. Analysis of AlphaMissense data in different protein groups and structural context. Sci Data 2024; 11:495. [PMID: 38744964 PMCID: PMC11094042 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Single amino acid substitutions can profoundly affect protein folding, dynamics, and function. The ability to discern between benign and pathogenic substitutions is pivotal for therapeutic interventions and research directions. Given the limitations in experimental examination of these variants, AlphaMissense has emerged as a promising predictor of the pathogenicity of missense variants. Since heterogenous performance on different types of proteins can be expected, we assessed the efficacy of AlphaMissense across several protein groups (e.g. soluble, transmembrane, and mitochondrial proteins) and regions (e.g. intramembrane, membrane interacting, and high confidence AlphaFold segments) using ClinVar data for validation. Our comprehensive evaluation showed that AlphaMissense delivers outstanding performance, with MCC scores predominantly between 0.6 and 0.74. We observed low performance on disordered datasets and ClinVar data related to the CFTR ABC protein. However, a superior performance was shown when benchmarked against the high quality CFTR2 database. Our results with CFTR emphasizes AlphaMissense's potential in pinpointing functional hot spots, with its performance likely surpassing benchmarks calculated from ClinVar and ProteinGym datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedvig Tordai
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Odalys Torres
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Csepi
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Padányi
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely L Lukács
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tamás Hegedűs
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-SU Biophysical Virology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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93
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Guo H, Urban AE, Wong WH. Prioritizing disease-related rare variants by integrating gene expression data. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4355589. [PMID: 38766095 PMCID: PMC11100897 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4355589/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Rare variants, comprising a vast majority of human genetic variations, are likely to have more deleterious impact on human diseases compared to common variants. Here we present carrier statistic, a statistical framework to prioritize disease-related rare variants by integrating gene expression data. By quantifying the impact of rare variants on gene expression, carrier statistic can prioritize those rare variants that have large functional consequence in the diseased patients. Through simulation studies and analyzing real multi-omics dataset, we demonstrated that carrier statistic is applicable in studies with limited sample size (a few hundreds) and achieves substantially higher sensitivity than existing rare variants association methods. Application to Alzheimer's disease reveals 16 rare variants within 15 genes with extreme carrier statistics. We also found strong excess of rare variants among the top prioritized genes in diseased patients compared to that in healthy individuals. The carrier statistic method can be applied to various rare variant types and is adaptable to other omics data modalities, offering a powerful tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying complex diseases.
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94
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Maciocha F, Suchanecka A, Chmielowiec K, Chmielowiec J, Ciechanowicz A, Boroń A. Correlations of the CNR1 Gene with Personality Traits in Women with Alcohol Use Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5174. [PMID: 38791212 PMCID: PMC11121729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant issue affecting women, with severe consequences for society, the economy, and most importantly, health. Both personality and alcohol use disorders are phenotypically very complex, and elucidating their shared heritability is a challenge for medical genetics. Therefore, our study investigated the correlations between the microsatellite polymorphism (AAT)n of the Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CNR1) gene and personality traits in women with AUD. The study group included 187 female subjects. Of these, 93 were diagnosed with alcohol use disorder, and 94 were controls. Repeat length polymorphism of microsatellite regions (AAT)n in the CNR1 gene was identified with PCR. All participants were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and completed the NEO Five-Factor and State-Trait Anxiety Inventories. In the group of AUD subjects, significantly fewer (AAT)n repeats were present when compared with controls (p = 0.0380). While comparing the alcohol use disorder subjects (AUD) and the controls, we observed significantly higher scores on the STAI trait (p < 0.00001) and state scales (p = 0.0001) and on the NEO Five-Factor Inventory Neuroticism (p < 0.00001) and Openness (p = 0.0237; insignificant after Bonferroni correction) scales. Significantly lower results were obtained on the NEO-FFI Extraversion (p = 0.00003), Agreeability (p < 0.00001) and Conscientiousness (p < 0.00001) scales by the AUD subjects when compared to controls. There was no statistically significant Pearson's linear correlation between the number of (AAT)n repeats in the CNR1 gene and the STAI and NEO Five-Factor Inventory scores in the group of AUD subjects. In contrast, Pearson's linear correlation analysis in controls showed a positive correlation between the number of the (AAT)n repeats and the STAI state scale (r = 0.184; p = 0.011; insignificant after Bonferroni correction) and a negative correlation with the NEO-FFI Openness scale (r = -0.241; p = 0.001). Interestingly, our study provided data on two separate complex issues, i.e., (1) the association of (AAT)n CNR1 repeats with the AUD in females; (2) the correlation of (AAT)n CNR1 repeats with anxiety as a state and Openness in non-alcohol dependent subjects. In conclusion, our study provided a plethora of valuable data for improving our understanding of alcohol use disorder and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Maciocha
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Suchanecka
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics and Epigenetics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (K.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (K.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Boroń
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (F.M.); (A.C.)
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95
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Elgaali E, Mezzavilla M, Ahmed I, Elanbari M, Ali A, Abdelaziz G, Fakhro KA, Saleh A, Ben-Omran T, Almulla N, Cugno C. Genetic background of primary and familial HLH in Qatar: registry data and population study. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1326489. [PMID: 38808104 PMCID: PMC11130942 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1326489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is an inherited life-threatening disease. Five types are identified, with the addition of congenital immunodeficiency syndromes in which HLH is a typical manifestation. The literature on this disease is very scarce in the Middle East, with only a few scattered reports. Methods We report detailed demographic, clinical, and genomic data from 28 patients diagnosed with primary and familial HLH over the last decade in Qatar. An evaluation was performed of allele frequencies of deleterious variants from 12 primary and familial HLH causative genes on the Qatar Genome Programme (QGP) cohort of 14,669 Qatari individuals. Results The genetic diagnosis was obtained in 15 patients, and four novel mutations in Perforin 1 (PRF1), UNC13D, LYST, and RAB27A genes were found. We identified 22,945 low/high/moderate/modifier impact variants significantly enriched in the QGP in those 12 genes. The variants rs1271079313 in PRF1 and rs753966933 in RAB27A found in our patient cohort were significantly more prevalent in the QGP compared to the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) database, with a high carrier frequency in the Qatari population. Conclusions We established the first primary and familial HLH Registry in the Gulf Region and identified novel possibly pathogenic variants present at higher frequency in the Qatari population, which could be used for screening purposes. Raising awareness about primary and familial HLH and implementing screening activities in the Qatari highly inbred population could stem into more comprehensive premarital and prenatal evaluations and faster diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkhansa Elgaali
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Aesha Ali
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Ayman Saleh
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naima Almulla
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chiara Cugno
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Copeland I, Wonkam-Tingang E, Gupta-Malhotra M, Hashmi SS, Han Y, Jajoo A, Hall NJ, Hernandez PP, Lie N, Liu D, Xu J, Rosenfeld J, Haldipur A, Desire Z, Coban-Akdemir ZH, Scott DA, Li Q, Chao HT, Zaske AM, Lupski JR, Milewicz DM, Shete S, Posey JE, Hanchard NA. Exome sequencing implicates ancestry-related Mendelian variation at SYNE1 in childhood-onset essential hypertension. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172152. [PMID: 38716726 PMCID: PMC11141928 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood-onset essential hypertension (COEH) is an uncommon form of hypertension that manifests in childhood or adolescence and, in the United States, disproportionately affects children of African ancestry. The etiology of COEH is unknown, but its childhood onset, low prevalence, high heritability, and skewed ancestral demography suggest the potential to identify rare genetic variation segregating in a Mendelian manner among affected individuals and thereby implicate genes important to disease pathogenesis. However, no COEH genes have been reported to date. Here, we identify recessive segregation of rare and putatively damaging missense variation in the spectrin domain of spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope protein 1 (SYNE1), a cardiovascular candidate gene, in 3 of 16 families with early-onset COEH without an antecedent family history. By leveraging exome sequence data from an additional 48 COEH families, 1,700 in-house trios, and publicly available data sets, we demonstrate that compound heterozygous SYNE1 variation in these COEH individuals occurred more often than expected by chance and that this class of biallelic rare variation was significantly enriched among individuals of African genetic ancestry. Using in vitro shRNA knockdown of SYNE1, we show that reduced SYNE1 expression resulted in a substantial decrease in the elasticity of smooth muscle vascular cells that could be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of the downstream RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase pathway. These results provide insights into the molecular genetics and underlying pathophysiology of COEH and suggest a role for precision therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Copeland
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edmond Wonkam-Tingang
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - S. Shahrukh Hashmi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yixing Han
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Aarti Jajoo
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nancy J. Hall
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paula P. Hernandez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Natasha Lie
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jill Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aparna Haldipur
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Zelene Desire
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Zeynep H. Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Qing Li
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Hsiao-Tuan Chao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics; and
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- McNair Medical Institute, The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ana M. Zaske
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay Shete
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- McNair Medical Institute, The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neil A. Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Childhood Complex Disease Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
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Chao KR, Wang L, Panchal R, Liao C, Abderrazzaq H, Ye R, Schultz P, Compitello J, Grant RH, Kosmicki JA, Weisburd B, Phu W, Wilson MW, Laricchia KM, Goodrich JK, Goldstein D, Goldstein JI, Vittal C, Poterba T, Baxter S, Watts NA, Solomonson M, Tiao G, Rehm HL, Neale BM, Talkowski ME, MacArthur DG, O'Donnell-Luria A, Karczewski KJ, Radivojac P, Daly MJ, Samocha KE. The landscape of regional missense mutational intolerance quantified from 125,748 exomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.11.588920. [PMID: 38645134 PMCID: PMC11030311 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.588920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Missense variants can have a range of functional impacts depending on factors such as the specific amino acid substitution and location within the gene. To interpret their deleteriousness, studies have sought to identify regions within genes that are specifically intolerant of missense variation 1-12 . Here, we leverage the patterns of rare missense variation in 125,748 individuals in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) 13 against a null mutational model to identify transcripts that display regional differences in missense constraint. Missense-depleted regions are enriched for ClinVar 14 pathogenic variants, de novo missense variants from individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) 15,16 , and complex trait heritability. Following ClinGen calibration recommendations for the ACMG/AMP guidelines, we establish that regions with less than 20% of their expected missense variation achieve moderate support for pathogenicity. We create a missense deleteriousness metric (MPC) that incorporates regional constraint and outperforms other deleteriousness scores at stratifying case and control de novo missense variation, with a strong enrichment in NDDs. These results provide additional tools to aid in missense variant interpretation.
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98
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Yang Y, Braga MV, Dean MD. Insertion-Deletion Events Are Depleted in Protein Regions with Predicted Secondary Structure. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae093. [PMID: 38735759 PMCID: PMC11102076 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental goal in evolutionary biology and population genetics is to understand how selection shapes the fate of new mutations. Here, we test the null hypothesis that insertion-deletion (indel) events in protein-coding regions occur randomly with respect to secondary structures. We identified indels across 11,444 sequence alignments in mouse, rat, human, chimp, and dog genomes and then quantified their overlap with four different types of secondary structure-alpha helices, beta strands, protein bends, and protein turns-predicted by deep-learning methods of AlphaFold2. Indels overlapped secondary structures 54% as much as expected and were especially underrepresented over beta strands, which tend to form internal, stable regions of proteins. In contrast, indels were enriched by 155% over regions without any predicted secondary structures. These skews were stronger in the rodent lineages compared to the primate lineages, consistent with population genetic theory predicting that natural selection will be more efficient in species with larger effective population sizes. Nonsynonymous substitutions were also less common in regions of protein secondary structure, although not as strongly reduced as in indels. In a complementary analysis of thousands of human genomes, we showed that indels overlapping secondary structure segregated at significantly lower frequency than indels outside of secondary structure. Taken together, our study shows that indels are selected against if they overlap secondary structure, presumably because they disrupt the tertiary structure and function of a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew V Braga
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew D Dean
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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99
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Sánchez Rivera FJ, Dow LE. How CRISPR Is Revolutionizing the Generation of New Models for Cancer Research. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041384. [PMID: 37487630 PMCID: PMC11065179 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancers arise through acquisition of mutations in genes that regulate core biological processes like cell proliferation and cell death. Decades of cancer research have led to the identification of genes and mutations causally involved in disease development and evolution, yet defining their precise function across different cancer types and how they influence therapy responses has been challenging. Mouse models have helped define the in vivo function of cancer-associated alterations, and genome-editing approaches using CRISPR have dramatically accelerated the pace at which these models are developed and studied. Here, we highlight how CRISPR technologies have impacted the development and use of mouse models for cancer research and discuss the many ways in which these rapidly evolving platforms will continue to transform our understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Sánchez Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
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100
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Turunen JA, Tuisku IS, Repo P, Mörtenhumer S, Kawan S, Järvinen RS, Korsbäck A, Immonen AT, Kivelä TT. Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy (ERED) from the splice site altering COL17A1 variant c.3156C>T in families of Finnish-Swedish ancestry. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:296-305. [PMID: 37289141 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe four Finnish families with epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy (ERED) caused by the pathogenic variant c.3156C>T in collagen type XVII alpha 1 chain gene (COL17A1). METHODS Eleven affected and two unaffected individuals underwent clinical ophthalmological examination, anterior segment photography, and corneal topography. Two of them underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). Genetic analysis included both next-generation and Sanger sequencing. Specimens from the manual keratectomy of one patient were available for ophthalmic pathologic examination, including immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The common splice-site altering synonymous variant c.3156C > T, p.(Gly1052=) in COL17A1 was confirmed in 15 individuals with ERED from the four families. Subepithelial corneal scarring grades varied and increased with age, leading to decreased best-corrected visual acuity. PTK improved vision in 58- and 67-year-old individuals without reactivating the disease. The keratectomy specimens showed an uneven epithelium and a spectrum of basement membrane abnormalities, including breaks, fragmentation, multiplication and entrapment within the subepithelial scar, reflecting recurrent erosions. The stromal cells consisted of varying proportions of bland and activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, reflecting different ages of scars. The family with the largest number of known affected generations originated from Southern Sweden. CONCLUSION The phenotype in the Finnish ERED families is consistent with earlier reports of the c.3156C > T variant, although the severity has varied between reports. The phenotype may be modulated by other genes. This study suggests a likely founder effect of the variant in both Finnish and Swedish populations due to their shared population histories. If vision is compromised, PTK can be considered especially in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni A Turunen
- Ophthalmic Genetics Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo S Tuisku
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Repo
- Ophthalmic Genetics Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Mörtenhumer
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sabita Kawan
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna Korsbäck
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari T Immonen
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
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