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Paiva I, Carvalho K, Santos P, Cellai L, Pavlou MAS, Jain G, Gnad T, Pfeifer A, Vieau D, Fischer A, Buée L, Outeiro TF, Blum D. A
2A
R‐induced transcriptional deregulation in astrocytes: An in vitro study. Glia 2019; 67:2329-2342. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Paiva
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Kévin Carvalho
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR‐S 1172 ‐ JPArc, LabEx DISTALZ Lille France
| | - Patrícia Santos
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Lucrezia Cellai
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR‐S 1172 ‐ JPArc, LabEx DISTALZ Lille France
| | - Maria Angeliki S. Pavlou
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology University Hospital, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology University Hospital, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Didier Vieau
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR‐S 1172 ‐ JPArc, LabEx DISTALZ Lille France
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR‐S 1172 ‐ JPArc, LabEx DISTALZ Lille France
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine Göttingen Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR‐S 1172 ‐ JPArc, LabEx DISTALZ Lille France
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Zhao W, Ma L, Cai C, Gong X. Caffeine Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Suppressing MAPK/NF-κB and A2aR Signaling in LPS-Induced THP-1 Macrophages. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1571-1581. [PMID: 31360100 PMCID: PMC6643212 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.34211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation induced by various risk factors is associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Caffeine exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects as a clinical preventive medicine for BPD. Recently, NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been demonstrated to be essential for the pathogenesis of BPD. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-induced THP-1 macrophages and to explore the underlying the detailed mechanism. We found that caffeine significantly reduced NLRP3 expression, ASC speck formation, and caspase 1 cleavage and therefore decreased IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in THP-1 macrophages. Caffeine also markedly decreased the phosphorylation levels of MAPK and NF-κB pathway members, further suppressing the translocation of NF-κB in THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, silencing of the caffeine-antagonized adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) significantly decreased cleaved caspase 1 expression in THP-1 macrophages by reducing ROS production. Given these findings, we conclude that caffeine inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by suppressing MAPK/NF-κB signaling and A2aR-associated ROS production in LPS-induced THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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53
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N4-acetylcytidine is required for sustained NLRP3 inflammasome activation via HMGB1 pathway in microglia. Cell Signal 2019; 58:44-52. [PMID: 30853521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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54
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Santhosh Kumar S, Sajeli Begum A, Hira K, Niazi S, Prashantha Kumar BR, Araya H, Fujimoto Y. Structure-based design and synthesis of new 4-methylcoumarin-based lignans as pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:102991. [PMID: 31153100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) along with nitric oxide reduction in RAW 264.7 cells by 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, ethyl p-coumarate, ethyl caffeate and ethyl ferulate drove us to search structural-analogues of the aforementioned compounds through structure-based drug design. Docking studies revealed that substituted cinnamic acids and their ethyl esters (2-7c) showed higher GoldScore-fitness (GSF) and non-bonding interactions with target proteins than 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (1a) and 7,8-dihydroxy-5-methylcoumarin (1b). With this background, the methylcoumarins (1a and 1b) and the cinnamic acid derivatives (2-7c) were fused in different permutations and combinations to generate sixty novel fused-cyclic coumarinolignans (FCLs) (8-13k). Docking studies on 8-13k indicated that several FCLs possess higher GSF, interesting active site interactions and distinctive π-π interactions compared to the standards (cleomiscosin A, diclofenac Na and prednisolone). Based on these findings, four novel FCLs (9d, 10d, 11d and 11e) were synthesized and tested for inhibition effect on TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expressions in LPS and oxalate crystal-induced in-vitro models. Compound 10d exhibited significant effect (P < 0.0001 at 100 μM) with an IC50 value of 8.5 μM against TNF-α. Compound 11e possessed IC50 values of 13.29 μM and 17.94 μM against IL-6 and IL-1β, respectively. Study on SAR corroborated the requirement of C-4-methyl substituent in the coumarin moiety, dihydroxyl groups in the phenyl ring, and esterification of lignans for potent activity. Additionally, the reported excellent anti-inflammatory activity of cleomiscosin-A-glucoside was corroborated by from the higher GSF and better hydrophobic interactions than cleomsicosin A in the docking study. As an outcome, some novel and potentially active FCLs acting through NFκB and caspase 1 signaling pathways have been discovered as multiple cytokine inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Ahil Sajeli Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India.
| | - Kirti Hira
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Sarfaraj Niazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy-Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy-Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Hiroshi Araya
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimoto
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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55
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Wang M, Wang Y, Xie T, Zhan P, Zou J, Nie X, Shao J, Zhuang M, Tan C, Tan J, Dai Y, Sun J, Li J, Li Y, Shi Q, Leng J, Wang X, Yao Y. Prostaglandin E 2/EP 2 receptor signalling pathway promotes diabetic retinopathy in a rat model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:335-348. [PMID: 30411254 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is initiated by inflammation and apoptosis-associated retinal endothelial cell damage. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has emerged as a critical regulator of these biological processes. We hypothesised that modulating PGE2 and its E-prostanoid receptor (EP2R) would prevent diabetes mellitus-induced inflammation and microvascular dysfunction. METHODS In a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of diabetes, rats received intravitreal injection of PGE2, butaprost (a PGE2/EP2R agonist) or AH6809 (an EP2R antagonist). Retinal histology, optical coherence tomography, ultrastructure of the retinal vascular and biochemical markers were assessed. RESULTS Intravitreal injection of PGE2 and butaprost significantly accelerated retinal vascular leakage, leucostasis and endothelial cell apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This response was ameliorated in diabetic rats pre-treated with AH6809. In addition, pre-treatment of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells with AH6809 attenuated PGE2- and butaprost-induced activation of caspase 1, activation of the complex containing nucleotide-binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase-activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and activation of the EP2R-coupled cAMP/protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The PGE2/EP2R signalling pathway is involved in STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy and could be considered as a potential target for diabetic retinopathy prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangningzhi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zou
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengye Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Tan
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youai Dai
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Shi
- Yixing Eye Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Leng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Linden J, Koch-Nolte F, Dahl G. Purine Release, Metabolism, and Signaling in the Inflammatory Response. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 37:325-347. [PMID: 30676821 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ATP, NAD+, and nucleic acids are abundant purines that, in addition to having critical intracellular functions, have evolved extracellular roles as danger signals released in response to cell lysis, apoptosis, degranulation, or membrane pore formation. In general ATP and NAD+ have excitatory and adenosine has anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of purine release mechanisms, ectoenzymes that metabolize purines (CD38, CD39, CD73, ENPP1, and ENPP2/autotaxin), and signaling by key P2 purinergic receptors (P2X7, P2Y2, and P2Y12). In addition to metabolizing ATP or NAD+, some purinergic ectoenzymes metabolize other inflammatory modulators, notably lysophosphatidic acid and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). Also discussed are extracellular signaling effects of NAD+ mediated by ADP-ribosylation, and epigenetic effects of intracellular adenosine mediated by modification of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Linden
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA; .,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Dahl
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA;
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Abstract
Sepsis was known to ancient Greeks since the time of great physician Hippocrates (460-377 BC) without exact information regarding its pathogenesis. With time and medical advances, it is now considered as a condition associated with organ dysfunction occurring in the presence of systemic infection as a result of dysregulation of the immune response. Still with this advancement, we are struggling for the development of target-based therapeutic approach for the management of sepsis. The advancement in understanding the immune system and its working has led to novel discoveries in the last 50 years, including different pattern recognition receptors. Inflammasomes are also part of these novel discoveries in the field of immunology which are <20 years old in terms of their first identification. They serve as important cytosolic pattern recognition receptors required for recognizing cytosolic pathogens, and their pathogen-associated molecular patterns play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. The activation of both canonical and non-canonical inflammasome signaling pathways is involved in mounting a proinflammatory immune response via regulating the generation of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33 cytokines and pyroptosis. In addition to pathogens and their pathogen-associated molecular patterns, death/damage-associated molecular patterns and other proinflammatory molecules involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis affect inflammasomes and vice versa. Thus, the present review is mainly focused on the inflammasomes, their role in the regulation of immune response associated with sepsis, and their targeting as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
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58
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Zhang M, Zeng X, Yang Q, Xu J, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Cao Y, Zhang X, An X, Xu Y, Huang L, Han Z, Wang T, Wu C, Fulton DJ, Weintraub NL, Hong M, Huo Y. Ablation of Myeloid ADK (Adenosine Kinase) Epigenetically Suppresses Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- (Apolipoprotein E Deficient) Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2780-2792. [PMID: 30571174 PMCID: PMC6309817 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Monocyte-derived foam cells are one of the key players in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Adenosine receptors and extracellular adenosine have been demonstrated to modulate foam cell formation. ADK (adenosine kinase) is a major enzyme regulating intracellular adenosine levels, but its functional role in myeloid cells remains poorly understood. To enhance intracellular adenosine levels in myeloid cells, ADK was selectively deleted in novel transgenic mice using Cre-LoxP technology, and foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions were determined. Approach and Results- ADK was upregulated in macrophages on ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) treatment in vitro and was highly expressed in foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerotic mice deficient in ADK in myeloid cells were generated by breeding floxed ADK (ADKF/F) mice with LysM-Cre (myeloid-specific Cre recombinase expressing) mice and ApoE-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice. Mice absent ADK in myeloid cells exhibited much smaller atherosclerotic plaques compared with controls. In vitro assays showed that ADK deletion or inhibition resulted in increased intracellular adenosine and reduced DNA methylation of the ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1) gene. Loss of methylation was associated with ABCG1 upregulation, enhanced cholesterol efflux, and eventually decreased foam cell formation. Conclusions- Augmentation of intracellular adenosine levels through ADK knockout in myeloid cells protects ApoE-/- mice against atherosclerosis by reducing foam cell formation via the epigenetic regulation of cholesterol trafficking. ADK inhibition is a promising approach for the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/metabolism
- Adenosine Kinase/deficiency
- Adenosine Kinase/genetics
- Animals
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Foam Cells/enzymology
- Foam Cells/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xianqiu Zeng
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jiean Xu
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yapeng Cao
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA 30912, USA
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Jin H, Ko YS, Kim HJ. P2Y2R-mediated inflammasome activation is involved in tumor progression in breast cancer cells and in radiotherapy-resistant breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1953-1966. [PMID: 30226596 PMCID: PMC6192788 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, extracellular nucleotides are released and accumulate, and can activate the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R), which regulates various responses in tumor cells, resulting in tumor progression and metastasis. Moreover, the inflammasome has recently been reported to be associated with tumor progression. However, the role of P2Y2R in inflammasome activation in breast cancer cells is not yet well defined. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of P2Y2R in inflammasome-mediated tumor progression in breast cancer using breast cancer cells and radiotherapy-resistant (RT‑R) breast cancer cells. We established RT‑R-breast cancer cells (RT‑R‑MDA‑MB‑231, RT‑R‑MCF‑7, and RT‑R-T47D cells) by repeated irradiation (2 Gy each, 25 times) in a previous study. In this study, we found that the RT‑R breast cancer cells exhibited an increased release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and P2Y2R activity. In particular, the RT‑R‑MDA‑MB‑231 cells derived from highly metastatic MDA‑MB‑231 cells, exhibited a markedly increased ATP release, which was potentiated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The MDA‑MB‑231 cells exhibited inflammasome activation, as measured by caspase‑1 activity and interleukin (IL)-1β secretion following treatment with TNF‑α and ATP; these effects were enhanced in the RT‑R‑MDA‑MB‑231 cells. However, the increased caspase‑1 activities and IL‑1β secretion levels induced in response to treatment with TNF‑α or ATP were significantly reduced by P2Y2R knockdown or the presence of apyrase in both the MDA‑MB‑231 and RT‑R‑MDA‑MB‑231 cells, suggesting the involvement of ATP-activated P2Y2R in inflammasome activation. In addition, TNF‑α and ATP increased the invasive and colony-forming ability of the MDA‑MB‑231 and RT‑R‑MDA‑MB‑231 cells, and these effects were caspase‑1-dependent. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity was modulated by caspase-1, in a P2Y2R-dependent manner in the MDA‑MB‑231 and RT‑R‑MDA‑MB‑231 cells. Finally, nude mice injected with the RT‑R‑MDA‑MB‑231-EV cells (transfected with the empty vector) exhibited increased tumor growth, and higher levels of MMP-9 in their tumors and IL‑1β levels in their serum compared with the mice injected with the RT‑R‑MDA‑MB‑231-P2Y2R shRNA cells (transfected with P2Y2R shRNA). On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that extracellular ATP promotes tumor progression in RT‑R-breast cancer cells and breast cancer cells by modulating invasion and associated molecules through the P2Y2R-inflammasome activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shin Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
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60
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Tang T, Gong T, Jiang W, Zhou R. GPCRs in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, Regulation, and Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:798-811. [PMID: 30054020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multimeric protein complex which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various human inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Recently, various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been reported to be involved in the activation and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by sensing multiple ions, metabolites, and neurotransmitters, suggesting GPCR signaling is an important regulator for NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, we will review how various GPCRs promote or inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and discuss the implications of GPCRs as drug targets for the therapy of NLRP3-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Laboratory of Nutrition, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tao Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Department of Immunology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China; These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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61
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Ohradanova-Repic A, Machacek C, Charvet C, Lager F, Le Roux D, Platzer R, Leksa V, Mitulovic G, Burkard TR, Zlabinger GJ, Fischer MB, Feuillet V, Renault G, Blüml S, Benko M, Suchanek M, Huppa JB, Matsuyama T, Cavaco-Paulo A, Bismuth G, Stockinger H. Extracellular Purine Metabolism Is the Switchboard of Immunosuppressive Macrophages and a Novel Target to Treat Diseases With Macrophage Imbalances. Front Immunol 2018; 9:852. [PMID: 29780382 PMCID: PMC5946032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If misregulated, macrophage (Mϕ)-T cell interactions can drive chronic inflammation thereby causing diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report that in a proinflammatory environment, granulocyte-Mϕ (GM-CSF)- and Mϕ colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent Mϕs have dichotomous effects on T cell activity. While GM-CSF-dependent Mϕs show a highly stimulatory activity typical for M1 Mϕs, M-CSF-dependent Mϕs, marked by folate receptor β (FRβ), adopt an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. We find the latter to be caused by the purinergic pathway that directs release of extracellular ATP and its conversion to immunosuppressive adenosine by co-expressed CD39 and CD73. Since we observed a misbalance between immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory Mϕs in human and murine arthritic joints, we devised a new strategy for RA treatment based on targeted delivery of a novel methotrexate (MTX) formulation to the immunosuppressive FRβ+CD39+CD73+ Mϕs, which boosts adenosine production and curtails the dominance of proinflammatory Mϕs. In contrast to untargeted MTX, this approach leads to potent alleviation of inflammation in the murine arthritis model. In conclusion, we define the Mϕ extracellular purine metabolism as a novel checkpoint in Mϕ cell fate decision-making and an attractive target to control pathological Mϕs in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Machacek
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celine Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Franck Lager
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Le Roux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - René Platzer
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Leksa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Goran Mitulovic
- Clinical Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Bioinformatics Department of the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology and the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes B Huppa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takami Matsuyama
- The Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Swine Research, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Georges Bismuth
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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62
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Lasley RD. Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Cardioprotection-Current Limitations and Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:310. [PMID: 29670529 PMCID: PMC5893789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the seminal reports of adenosine receptor-mediated cardioprotection in the early 1990s, there have been a multitude of such reports in various species and preparations. Original observations of the beneficial effects of A1 receptor agonists have been followed up with numerous reports also implicating A2A, A3, and most recently A2B, receptor agonists as cardioprotective agents. Although adenosine has been approved for clinical use in the United States for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and coronary artery imaging, and the selective A2A agonist, regadenoson, for the latter, clinical use of adenosine receptor agonists for protecting the ischemic heart has not advanced beyond early trials. An examination of the literature indicates that existing experimental studies have several limitations in terms of clinical relevance, as well as lacking incorporation of recent new insights into adenosine receptor signaling. Such deficiencies include the lack of experimental studies in models that most closely mimic human cardiovascular disease. In addition, there have been very few studies in chronic models of myocardial ischemia, where limiting myocardial remodeling and heart failure, not reduction of infarct size, are the primary endpoints. Despite an increasing number of reports of the beneficial effects of adenosine receptor antagonists, not agonists, in chronic diseases, this idea has not been well-studied in experimental myocardial ischemia. There have also been few studies examining adenosine receptor subtype interactions as well as receptor heterodimerization. The purpose of this Perspective article is to discuss these deficiencies to highlight future directions of research in the field of adenosine receptor-mediated protection of ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Lasley
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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63
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Chen Y, Yousaf MN, Mehal WZ. Role of sterile inflammation in fatty liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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64
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Ouyang X, Han SN, Zhang JY, Dioletis E, Nemeth BT, Pacher P, Feng D, Bataller R, Cabezas J, Stärkel P, Caballeria J, Pongratz RL, Cai SY, Schnabl B, Hoque R, Chen Y, Yang WH, Garcia-Martinez I, Wang FS, Gao B, Torok NJ, Kibbey RG, Mehal WZ. Digoxin Suppresses Pyruvate Kinase M2-Promoted HIF-1α Transactivation in Steatohepatitis. Cell Metab 2018; 27:339-350.e3. [PMID: 29414684 PMCID: PMC5806149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sterile inflammation after tissue damage is a ubiquitous response, yet it has the highest amplitude in the liver. This has major clinical consequences, for alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH and NASH) account for the majority of liver disease in industrialized countries and both lack therapy. Requirements for sustained sterile inflammation include increased oxidative stress and activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway. We demonstrate the ability of digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, to protect from liver inflammation and damage in ASH and NASH. Digoxin was effective in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and suppressing HIF-1α pathway activation. A proteomic screen revealed that digoxin binds pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and independently of PKM2 kinase activity results in chromatin remodeling and downregulation of HIF-1α transactivation. These data identify PKM2 as a mediator and therapeutic target for regulating liver sterile inflammation, and demonstrate a novel role for digoxin that can effectively protect the liver from ASH and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Evangelos Dioletis
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Balazs Tamas Nemeth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joaquin Cabezas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joan Caballeria
- Unidad de Hepatología, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rafaz Hoque
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wei-Hong Yang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bin Gao
- NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalie Julia Torok
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Wajahat Zafar Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; West Haven Veterans Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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65
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Madeira MH, Rashid K, Ambrósio AF, Santiago AR, Langmann T. Blockade of microglial adenosine A2A receptor impacts inflammatory mechanisms, reduces ARPE-19 cell dysfunction and prevents photoreceptor loss in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2272. [PMID: 29396515 PMCID: PMC5797099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by pathological changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and loss of photoreceptors. Growing evidence has demonstrated that reactive microglial cells trigger RPE dysfunction and loss of photoreceptors, and inflammasome pathways and complement activation contribute to AMD pathogenesis. We and others have previously shown that adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) blockade prevents microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory processes and mediates protection to the retina. However, it is still unknown whether blocking A2AR in microglia protects against the pathological features of AMD. Herein, we show that an A2AR antagonist, SCH58261, prevents the upregulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and the alterations in the complement system triggered by an inflammatory challenge in human microglial cells. Furthermore, blockade of A2AR in microglia decreases the inflammatory response, as well as complement and inflammasome activation, in ARPE-19 cells exposed to conditioned medium of activated microglia. Finally, we also show that blocking A2AR in human microglia increases the clearance of apoptotic photoreceptors. This study opens the possibility of using selective A2AR antagonists in therapy for AMD, by modulating the interplay between microglia, RPE and photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Madeira
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Rashid
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A F Ambrósio
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A R Santiago
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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66
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Lee JS, Yilmaz Ö. Unfolding Role of a Danger Molecule Adenosine Signaling in Modulation of Microbial Infection and Host Cell Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E199. [PMID: 29315226 PMCID: PMC5796148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, specific nucleotide metabolizing enzymes located on the surface of the host, can convert a pro-inflammatory environment driven by a danger molecule extracellular-ATP to an adenosine-mediated anti-inflammatory milieu. Accordingly, CD39/CD73 signaling have has strongly implicated in modulating the intensity, duration, and composition of purinergic danger signals delivered to host. Recent studies have eluted potential roles for CD39 and CD73 in selective triggering of a variety of host immune cells and molecules in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or microbial virulence molecules. Growing evidence also suggests that CD39 and CD73 present complimentary, but likely differential, actions against pathogens to shape the course and severity of microbial infection as well as the associated immune response. Similarly, adenosine receptors A2A and A2B have been proposed to be major immunomodulators of adenosine signaling during chronic inflammatory conditions induced by opportunistic pathogens, such as oral colonizer Porphyromonas gingivalis. Therefore, we here review the recent studies that demonstrate how complex network of molecules in the extracellular adenosine signaling machinery and their interactions can reshape immune responses and may also be targeted by opportunistic pathogens to establish successful colonization in human mucosal tissues and modulate the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaden S Lee
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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67
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Endothelial adenosine A2a receptor-mediated glycolysis is essential for pathological retinal angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:584. [PMID: 28928465 PMCID: PMC5605640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine/adenosine receptor-mediated signaling has been implicated in the development of various ischemic diseases, including ischemic retinopathies. Here, we show that the adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2A) promotes hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1)-dependent endothelial cell glycolysis, which is crucial for pathological angiogenesis in proliferative retinopathies. Adora2a expression is markedly increased in the retina of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Endothelial cell-specific, but not macrophage-specific Adora2a deletion decreases key glycolytic enzymes and reduces pathological neovascularization in the OIR mice. In human primary retinal microvascular endothelial cells, hypoxia induces the expression of ADORA2A by activating HIF-2α. ADORA2A knockdown decreases hypoxia-induced glycolytic enzyme expression, glycolytic flux, and endothelial cell proliferation, sprouting and tubule formation. Mechanistically, ADORA2A activation promotes the transcriptional induction of glycolytic enzymes via ERK- and Akt-dependent translational activation of HIF-1α protein. Taken together, these findings advance translation of ADORA2A as a therapeutic target in the treatment of proliferative retinopathies and other diseases dependent on pathological angiogenesis.Pathological angiogenesis in the retina is a major cause of blindness. Here the authors show that adenosine receptor A2A drives pathological angiogenesis in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model by promoting glycolysis in endothelial cells via the ERK/Akt/HIF-1α pathway, thereby suggesting new therapeutic targets for disease treatment.
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68
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Purinergic signaling during intestinal inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:915-925. [PMID: 28547076 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a devastating disease that is associated with excessive inflammation in the intestinal tract in genetically susceptible individuals and potentially triggered by microbial dysbiosis. This illness markedly predisposes patients to thrombophilia and chronic debility as well as bowel, lymphatic, and liver cancers. Development of new therapies is needed to re-establish long-term immune tolerance in IBD patients without increasing the risk of opportunistic infections and cancer. Aberrant purinergic signaling pathways have been implicated in disordered thromboregulation and immune dysregulation, as noted in the pathogenesis of IBD and other gastrointestinal/hepatic autoimmune diseases. Expression of CD39 on endothelial or immune cells allows for homeostatic integration of hemostasis and immunity, which are disrupted in IBD. Our focus in this review is on novel aspects of the functions of CD39 and related NTPDases in IBD. Regulated CD39 activity allows for scavenging of extracellular nucleotides, the maintenance of P2-receptor integrity and coordination of adenosinergic signaling responses. CD39 together with CD73, serves as an integral component of the immunosuppressive machinery of dendritic cells, myeloid cells, T and B cells. Genetic inheritance and environental factors closely regulate the levels of expression and phosphohydrolytic activity of CD39, both on immune cells and released microparticles. Purinergic mechanisms associated with T regulatory and supressor T helper type 17 cells modulate disease activity in IBD, as can be modeled in experimental colitis. As a recent example, upregulation of CD39 is dependent upon ligation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), as with natural ligands such as bilirubin and 2-(1' H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE). Decreased expression of CD39 and/or dysfunctional AHR signaling, however, abrogates the protective effects of immunosuppressive AHR ligands. These factors could also serve as biomarkers of disease activity in IBD. Heightened thrombosis, inflammation, and immune disturbances as seen in IBD appear to be associated with aberrant purinergic signaling. Ongoing development of therapeutic strategies augmenting CD39 ectonucleotidase bioactivity via cytokines or AHR ligands offers promise for management of thrombophilia, disordered inflammation, and aberrant immune reactivity in IBD.
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69
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Zasłona Z, Pålsson-McDermott EM, Menon D, Haneklaus M, Flis E, Prendeville H, Corcoran SE, Peters-Golden M, O'Neill LAJ. The Induction of Pro-IL-1β by Lipopolysaccharide Requires Endogenous Prostaglandin E 2 Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3558-3564. [PMID: 28298525 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PGE2 has been shown to increase the transcription of pro-IL-1β. However, recently it has been demonstrated that PGE2 can block the maturation of IL-1β by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. These apparently conflicting results have led us to reexamine the effect of PGE2 on IL-1β production. We have found that in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, PGE2 via the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway is potently inducing IL-1β transcription, as well as boosting the ability of LPS to induce IL-1β mRNA and pro-IL-1β while inhibiting the production of TNF-α. This results in an increase in mature IL-1β production in macrophages treated with ATP. We also examined the effect of endogenously produced PGE2 on IL-1β production. By blocking PGE2 production with indomethacin, we made a striking finding that endogenous PGE2 is essential for LPS-induced pro-IL-1β production, suggesting a positive feedback loop. The effect of endogenous PGE2 was mediated by EP2 receptor. In primary human monocytes, where LPS alone is sufficient to induce mature IL-1β, PGE2 boosted LPS-induced IL-1β production. PGE2 did not inhibit ATP-induced mature IL-1β production in monocytes. Because PGE2 mediates the pyrogenic effect of IL-1β, these effects might be especially relevant for the role of monocytes in the induction of fever. A positive feedback loop from IL-1β and back to PGE2, which itself is induced by IL-1β, is likely to be operating. Furthermore, fever might therefore occur in the absence of a septic shock response because of the inhibiting effect of PGE2 on TNF-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Zasłona
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Eva M Pålsson-McDermott
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Deepthi Menon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Moritz Haneklaus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Ewelina Flis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Hannah Prendeville
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Sarah E Corcoran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
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70
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Cai SY, Ouyang X, Chen Y, Soroka CJ, Wang J, Mennone A, Wang Y, Mehal WZ, Jain D, Boyer JL. Bile acids initiate cholestatic liver injury by triggering a hepatocyte-specific inflammatory response. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90780. [PMID: 28289714 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of bile acid-induced (BA-induced) liver injury in cholestasis are controversial, limiting development of new therapies. We examined how BAs initiate liver injury using isolated liver cells from humans and mice and in-vivo mouse models. At pathophysiologic concentrations, BAs induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in mouse and human hepatocytes, but not in nonparenchymal cells or cholangiocytes. These hepatocyte-specific cytokines stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis. Inflammatory injury was mitigated in Ccl2-/- mice treated with BA or after bile duct ligation, where less hepatic infiltration of neutrophils was detected. Neutrophils in periportal areas of livers from cholestatic patients also correlated with elevations in their serum aminotransferases. This liver-specific inflammatory response required BA entry into hepatocytes via basolateral transporter Ntcp. Pathophysiologic levels of BAs induced markers of ER stress and mitochondrial damage in mouse hepatocytes. Chemokine induction by BAs was reduced in hepatocytes from Tlr9-/- mice, while liver injury was diminished both in conventional and hepatocyte-specific Tlr9-/- mice, confirming a role for Tlr9 in BA-induced liver injury. These findings reveal potentially novel mechanisms whereby BAs elicit a hepatocyte-specific cytokine-induced inflammatory liver injury that involves innate immunity and point to likely novel pathways for treating cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carol J Soroka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Juxian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Albert Mennone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wajahat Z Mehal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dhanpat Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James L Boyer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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71
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Traykova D, Schneider B, Chojkier M, Buck M. Blood Microbiome Quantity and the Hyperdynamic Circulation in Decompensated Cirrhotic Patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169310. [PMID: 28146577 PMCID: PMC5287452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, a complex microbiome was comprehensibly characterized in the serum and ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients. In the current study, we investigated for the first time the induction of inflammatory pathways and Nitric Oxide, as well as the systemic hemodynamics in conjunction with the blood microbiome in a Child-Pugh class B cirrhotic cohort. Methods and Findings We used the Intestinal Infections Microbial DNA qPCR Array to screen for 53 bacterial DNA from the gut in the blood. Assays were designed using the 16S rRNA gene as a target, and PCR amplification primers (based on the Human Microbiome Project) and hydrolysis-probe detection. Eighteen systemic hemodynamic parameters were measured non-invasively by impedance cardiography using the BioZ ICG monitor. The inflammatory response was assessed by measuring blood cytokines, Nitric Oxide RNA arrays, and Nitric Oxide. In the blood of this cirrhotic cohort, we detected 19 of 53 bacterial species tested. The number of bacterial species was markedly increased in the blood of cirrhotic patients compared to control individuals (0.2+/-0.4 vs 3.1+/-2.3; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.9; P = 0.0030). The total bacterial DNA was also increased in the blood of cirrhotic subjects compared to control subjects (0.2+/- 1.1 vs 41.8+/-132.1; 95% CI: 6.0 to 77.2; P = 0.0022). In the cirrhotic cohort, the Cardiac Output increased by 37% and the Systemic Vascular Resistance decreased by 40% (P< 0.00001 for both compared to control subjects). Systemic Vascular Resistance was inversely correlated to blood bacterial DNA quantity (- 0.621; 95% CI -0.843 to -0.218; P = 0.0060), blood bacterial species number (- 0.593; 95% CI -0.83 to -0.175; P = 0.0095; logistic regression: Chi Square = 5.8877; P = 0.0152), and serum Nitric Oxide (- 0.705; 95% CI -0.881 to -0.355; P = 0.0011). Many members of the Nitric Oxide signaling pathway gene family were increased in cirrhotic subjects. Conclusions Our study identified blood bacterial DNA in ~ 90% of the cirrhotic patients without clinical evidences of infection, and suggests that the quantity of bacterial DNA in blood may stimulate signaling pathways, including Nitric Oxide, that could decrease systemic vascular resistance and increase cardiac output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Traykova
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Beacher Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Mario Chojkier
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Clinical Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Martina Buck
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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72
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Furman D, Chang J, Lartigue L, Bolen CR, Haddad F, Gaudilliere B, Ganio EA, Fragiadakis GK, Spitzer MH, Douchet I, Daburon S, Moreau JF, Nolan GP, Blanco P, Déchanet-Merville J, Dekker CL, Jojic V, Kuo CJ, Davis MM, Faustin B. Expression of specific inflammasome gene modules stratifies older individuals into two extreme clinical and immunological states. Nat Med 2017; 23:174-184. [PMID: 28092664 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade, chronic inflammation has been associated with many diseases of aging, but the mechanisms responsible for producing this inflammation remain unclear. Inflammasomes can drive chronic inflammation in the context of an infectious disease or cellular stress, and they trigger the maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Here we find that the expression of specific inflammasome gene modules stratifies older individuals into two extremes: those with constitutive expression of IL-1β, nucleotide metabolism dysfunction, elevated oxidative stress, high rates of hypertension and arterial stiffness; and those without constitutive expression of IL-1β, who lack these characteristics. Adenine and N4-acetylcytidine, nucleotide-derived metabolites that are detectable in the blood of the former group, prime and activate the NLRC4 inflammasome, induce the production of IL-1β, activate platelets and neutrophils and elevate blood pressure in mice. In individuals over 85 years of age, the elevated expression of inflammasome gene modules was associated with all-cause mortality. Thus, targeting inflammasome components may ameliorate chronic inflammation and various other age-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Furman
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Junlei Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lydia Lartigue
- INSERM U916 VINCO, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Christopher R Bolen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - François Haddad
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Edward A Ganio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gabriela K Fragiadakis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Isabelle Douchet
- CIRID, UMR CNRS 5164, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Daburon
- CIRID, UMR CNRS 5164, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | | | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Patrick Blanco
- CIRID, UMR CNRS 5164, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | | | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Vladimir Jojic
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Faustin
- CIRID, UMR CNRS 5164, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France
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73
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Blackwood BP, Wood DR, Yuan C, Nicolas J, De Plaen IG, Farrow KN, Chou P, Turner JR, Hunter CJ. A Role for cAMP and Protein Kinase A in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:401-417. [PMID: 27939131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease that has been associated with Cronobacter sakazakii and typically affects premature infants. Although NEC has been actively investigated, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of epithelial injury and intestinal barrier damage. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) are important mediators and regulators of apoptosis. To test the hypothesis that C. sakazakii increases cAMP and PKA activation in experimental NEC resulting in increased epithelial apoptosis, we investigated the effects of C. sakazakii on cAMP and PKA in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, rat intestinal epithelial cells and a human intestinal epithelial cell line were infected with C. sakazakii, and cAMP levels and phosphorylation of PKA were measured. An increase in cAMP was demonstrated after infection, as well as an increase in phosphorylated PKA. Similarly, increased intestinal cAMP and PKA phosphorylation were demonstrated in a rat pup model of NEC. These increases were correlated with increased intestinal epithelial apoptosis. The additional of a PKA inhibitor (KT5720) significantly ameliorated these effects and decreased the severity of experimental NEC. Findings were compared with results from human tissue samples. Collectively, these observations indicate that cAMP and PKA phosphorylation are associated with increased apoptosis in NEC and that inhibition of PKA activation protects against apoptosis and experimental NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Blackwood
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas R Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carrie Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph Nicolas
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Isabelle G De Plaen
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn N Farrow
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pauline Chou
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J Hunter
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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74
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Ashton KJ, Reichelt ME, Mustafa SJ, Teng B, Ledent C, Delbridge LMD, Hofmann PA, Morrison RR, Headrick JP. Transcriptomic effects of adenosine 2A receptor deletion in healthy and endotoxemic murine myocardium. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:27-49. [PMID: 27696085 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influences of adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) activity on the cardiac transcriptome and genesis of endotoxemic myocarditis are unclear. We applied transcriptomic profiling (39 K Affymetrix arrays) to identify A2AR-sensitive molecules, revealed by receptor knockout (KO), in healthy and endotoxemic hearts. Baseline cardiac function was unaltered and only 37 A2AR-sensitive genes modified by A2AR KO (≥1.2-fold change, <5 % FDR); the five most induced are Mtr, Ppbp, Chac1, Ctsk and Cnpy2 and the five most repressed are Hp, Yipf4, Acta1, Cidec and Map3k2. Few canonical paths were impacted, with altered Gnb1, Prkar2b, Pde3b and Map3k2 (among others) implicating modified G protein/cAMP/PKA and cGMP/NOS signalling. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 mg/kg) challenge for 24 h modified >4100 transcripts in wild-type (WT) myocardium (≥1.5-fold change, FDR < 1 %); the most induced are Lcn2 (+590); Saa3 (+516); Serpina3n (+122); Cxcl9 (+101) and Cxcl1 (+89) and the most repressed are Car3 (-38); Adipoq (-17); Atgrl1/Aplnr (-14); H19 (-11) and Itga8 (-8). Canonical responses centred on inflammation, immunity, cell death and remodelling, with pronounced amplification of toll-like receptor (TLR) and underlying JAK-STAT, NFκB and MAPK pathways, and a 'cardio-depressant' profile encompassing suppressed ß-adrenergic, PKA and Ca2+ signalling, electromechanical and mitochondrial function (and major shifts in transcripts impacting function/injury including Lcn2, S100a8/S100a9, Icam1/Vcam and Nox2 induction, and Adipoq, Igf1 and Aplnr repression). Endotoxemic responses were selectively modified by A2AR KO, supporting inflammatory suppression via A2AR sensitive shifts in regulators of NFκB and JAK-STAT signalling (IκBζ, IκBα, STAT1, CDKN1a and RRAS2) without impacting the cardio-depressant gene profile. Data indicate A2ARs exert minor effects in un-stressed myocardium and selectively suppress NFκB and JAK-STAT signalling and cardiac injury without influencing cardiac depression in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Jamal Mustafa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Bunyen Teng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Polly A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R Ray Morrison
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John P Headrick
- Heart Foundation Research Center, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4217, Australia.
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75
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Arbore G, Kemper C. A novel "complement-metabolism-inflammasome axis" as a key regulator of immune cell effector function. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1563-73. [PMID: 27184294 PMCID: PMC5025719 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that induce and regulate the generation of the key pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18 in response to infectious microbes and cellular stress. The activation of inflammasomes involves several upstream signals including classic pattern or danger recognition systems such as the TLRs. Recently, however, the activation of complement receptors, such as the anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a receptors and the complement regulator CD46, in conjunction with the sensing of cell metabolic changes, for instance increased amino acid influx and glycolysis (via mTORC1), have emerged as additional critical activators of the inflammasome. This review summarizes recent advances in our knowledge about complement‐mediated inflammasome activation, with a specific focus on a novel “complement – metabolism – NLRP3 inflammasome axis.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Arbore
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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76
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Manowsky J, Camargo RG, Kipp AP, Henkel J, Püschel GP. Insulin-induced cytokine production in macrophages causes insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E938-46. [PMID: 27094035 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00427.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and a low-grade inflammation. Although hyperinsulinemia is generally thought to result from an attempt of the β-cell to compensate for insulin resistance, there is evidence that hyperinsulinaemia itself may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and possibly the low-grade inflammation. To test this hypothesis, U937 macrophages were exposed to insulin. In these cells, insulin induced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, CCL2, and OSM. The insulin-elicited induction of IL-1β was independent of the presence of endotoxin and most likely mediated by an insulin-dependent activation of NF-κB. Supernatants of the insulin-treated U937 macrophages rendered primary cultures of rat hepatocytes insulin resistant; they attenuated the insulin-dependent induction of glucokinase by 50%. The cytokines contained in the supernatants of insulin-treated U937 macrophages activated ERK1/2 and IKKβ, resulting in an inhibitory serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate. In addition, STAT3 was activated and SOCS3 induced, further contributing to the interruption of the insulin receptor signal chain in hepatocytes. These results indicate that hyperinsulinemia per se might contribute to the low-grade inflammation prevailing in overweight and obese patients and thereby promote the development of insulin resistance particularly in the liver, because the insulin concentration in the portal circulation is much higher than in all other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Manowsky
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nutritional Biochemistry, Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Rodolfo Gonzalez Camargo
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nutritional Biochemistry, Nuthetal, Germany; Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Anna P Kipp
- German Institute for Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Janin Henkel
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nutritional Biochemistry, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Gerhard P Püschel
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nutritional Biochemistry, Nuthetal, Germany
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77
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C/EBPβ-Thr217 Phosphorylation Stimulates Macrophage Inflammasome Activation and Liver Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24268. [PMID: 27067260 PMCID: PMC4828658 DOI: 10.1038/srep24268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification of liver injury is mediated by macrophages but the signaling by which the macrophage inflammasome enhances liver injury is not completely understood. The CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein-β (C/EBPβ) is a critical signaling molecule for macrophages because expression of a dominant inhibitor of C/EBPβ DNA-binding sites or a targeted deletion of C/EBPβ results in impaired macrophage differentiation. We reported that expression of the phosphorylation-mutant C/EBPβ-Glu217, which mimics phosphorylated C/EBPβ-Thr217, was sufficient to confer macrophage survival to Anthrax lethal toxin. Here, using primary hepatocytes, primary liver macrophages, dominant positive and negative transgenic mice of the C/EBPβ-Thr217 phosphoacceptor, macrophage ablation, and an inhibitory peptide of C/EBPβ-Thr217 phosphorylation, we determined that this phosphorylation is essential for the activation of the inflammasome in liver macrophages and for the hepatocyte apoptosis induced by hepatotoxins that results in liver injury. Similar findings were observed in the livers of patients with acute injury induced by Toxic Oil Syndrome.
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78
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Garcia-Martinez I, Shaker ME, Mehal WZ. Therapeutic Opportunities in Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern-Driven Metabolic Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1305-15. [PMID: 26055926 PMCID: PMC4685500 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sterile inflammation is a common finding present in various metabolic disorders. This type of inflammation is mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are released upon cellular injury to activate pattern recognition receptors on innate immune cells and amplify organ damage. RECENT ADVANCES In the last decade, DAMPs, such as high-mobility group protein B1, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), adenosine triphosphate, and other metabolites, were found to contribute to the inflammatory response in diabetes, gout, obesity, steatohepatitis, and atherosclerosis. Varied receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the purinergic P2X(7) receptors, and nucleotide-binding domain, and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome sense DAMPs and DAMP-like molecules and release the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. CRITICAL ISSUES Available therapeutic approaches that interfered with the signaling of TLRs, P2X(7), NLRP3-inflammasome, and IL-1β showed encouraging results in metabolic diseases, which will be also highlighted in this review. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It is important to understand the origination of DAMPs and how they contribute to the inflammatory response in metabolic disorders to develop selective and efficient therapeutics for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Garcia-Martinez
- 1 Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mohamed E Shaker
- 1 Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wajahat Z Mehal
- 1 Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
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79
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Naquet P, Giessner C, Galland F. Metabolic adaptation of tissues to stress releases metabolites influencing innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 38:30-8. [PMID: 26605965 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments have demonstrated that metabolic rewiring imposed by adaptation of tissues to stress leads to the release of various metabolites which directly or indirectly impact innate immune responses and inflammation. Some metabolites can behave as second messengers and leave local cues in tissues. Immune cells which infiltrate stressed tissues reorient their metabolism to cope with these microenvironmental cues while preserving their effector functions in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Naquet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Caroline Giessner
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
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80
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"TRP inflammation" relationship in cardiovascular system. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:339-56. [PMID: 26482920 PMCID: PMC4851701 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in the research and treatment, the precise relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular (CV) disease remains incompletely understood. Therefore, understanding the immunoinflammatory processes underlying the initiation, progression, and exacerbation of many cardiovascular diseases is of prime importance. The innate immune system has an ancient origin and is well conserved across species. Its activation occurs in response to pathogens or tissue injury. Recent studies suggest that altered ionic balance, and production of noxious gaseous mediators link to immune and inflammatory responses with altered ion channel expression and function. Among plausible candidates for this are transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that function as polymodal sensors and scaffolding proteins involved in many physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we will first focus on the relevance of TRP channel to both exogenous and endogenous factors related to innate immune response and transcription factors related to sustained inflammatory status. The emerging role of inflammasome to regulate innate immunity and its possible connection to TRP channels will also be discussed. Secondly, we will discuss about the linkage of TRP channels to inflammatory CV diseases, from a viewpoint of inflammation in a general sense which is not restricted to the innate immunity. These knowledge may serve to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of various inflammatory CV diseases and their novel therapeutic strategies.
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81
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Interleukin-10 modulates antigen presentation by dendritic cells through regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly during Chlamydia infection. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4662-72. [PMID: 26371131 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00993-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been implicated in susceptibility to genital chlamydial infection and the development of tubal pathologies. IL-10 limitation also resulted in the rapid elicitation of immune responses against Chlamydia, and decreased levels of IL-10 correlated with protective anti-Chlamydia immunity. To investigate the molecular basis for these effects, we compared the reproductive pathologies and fertility rates in Chlamydia-infected wild-type (WT) and IL-10-knockout (IL-10(-/-)) mice; we also analyzed the expression of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily, IL-1β production, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation, and the immunostimulatory capacity and apoptotic predilection of Chlamydia-exposed dendritic cells (DCs) from WT and IL-10(-/-) mice. Our results revealed that, in addition to the rapid clearance of infection, genitally infected IL-10(-/-) mice were protected from tubal pathologies and infertility, whereas WT (IL-10(+/+)) mice were not. Chlamydia-pulsed IL-10(-/-) DCs expressed larger numbers of TLR4/IL-1R molecules and had enhanced IL-1β production. In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly was suppressed in IL-10(-/-) DCs through the inhibition of the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel, and a decrease in intracellular Ca(2+) levels, which inhibited DC apoptosis. Thus, the potent immunostimulatory capacity of IL-10-deficient DCs is due, at least in part, to the suppression of the intracellular inflammasome assembly, which prevents DC apoptosis, allowing efficient antigen presentation. The results indicate that IL-10 deficiency enables efficient antigen presentation by DCs for rapid and enhanced immune activation against Chlamydia, which results in rapid microbial clearance, which prevents tubal pathologies during infection. Our finding has important implications for the induction of protective immunity against Chlamydia and other infectious and noninfectious diseases by vaccines.
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82
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Alcocer-Gómez E, Ulecia-Morón C, Marín-Aguilar F, Rybkina T, Casas-Barquero N, Ruiz-Cabello J, Ryffel B, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Bullón P, Sánchez-Alcazar JA, Carrión AM, Cordero MD. Stress-Induced Depressive Behaviors Require a Functional NLRP3 Inflammasome. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4874-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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83
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Modulatory effects of inosine, guanosine and uridine on lipopolysaccharide-evoked increase in spike-wave discharge activity in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk rats. Brain Res Bull 2015; 118:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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84
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Yao Y, Vent-Schmidt J, McGeough MD, Wong M, Hoffman HM, Steiner TS, Levings MK. Tr1 Cells, but Not Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells, Suppress NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via an IL-10-Dependent Mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:488-97. [PMID: 26056255 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The two best-characterized types of CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are Foxp3(+) Tregs and Foxp3(-) type 1 regulatory (Tr1) cells. The ability of Foxp3(+) Tregs and Tr1 cells to suppress adaptive immune responses is well known, but how these cells regulate innate immunity is less defined. We discovered that CD44(hi)Foxp3(-) T cells from unmanipulated mice are enriched in Tr1 cell precursors, enabling differentiation of cells that express IL-10, as well as Tr1-associated cell surface markers, CD49b and LAG-3, and transcription factors, cMaf, Blimp-1, and AhR. We compared the ability of Tr1 cells versus Foxp3(+) Tregs to suppress IL-1β production from macrophages following LPS and ATP stimulation. Surprisingly, Tr1 cells, but not Foxp3(+) Tregs, inhibited the transcription of pro-IL-1β mRNA, inflammasome-mediated activation of caspase-1, and secretion of mature IL-1β. Consistent with the role for IL-10 in Tr1 cell-mediated suppression, inhibition of inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion was abrogated in IL-10R-deficient macrophages. Moreover, IL-1β production from macrophages derived from Nlrp3(A350V) knockin mice, which carry a mutation found in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome patients, was suppressed by Tr1 cells but not Foxp3(+) Tregs. Using an adoptive transfer model, we found a direct correlation between Tr1 cell engraftment and protection from weight loss in mice expressing a gain-of-function NLRP3. Collectively, these data provide the first evidence for a differential role of Tr1 cells and Foxp3(+) Tregs in regulating innate immune responses. Through their capacity to produce high amounts of IL-10, Tr1 cells may have unique therapeutic effects in disease-associated inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6X 3Z6; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9; Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Jens Vent-Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9; Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Matthew D McGeough
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - May Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6X 3Z6
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161; Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6X 3Z6
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9; Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4;
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85
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Abstract
Rheumatic diseases can be divided in two groups, autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The clinical presentation of both types of diseases overlap, but the pathological pathways underlying rheumatic autoinflammation and autoimmunity are distinct and are the subject of ongoing research. There are a number of ways in which these groups of diseases differ in terms of disease mechanisms and therapeutic responses. First, autoinflammatory diseases are driven by endogenous danger signals, metabolic mediators and cytokines, whereas autoimmunity involves the activation of T and B cells, the latter requiring V-(D)-J recombination of receptor-chain gene segments for maturation. Second, the efficacy of biologic agents directed against proinflammatory cytokines (for example IL-1β and TNF) also highlights differences between autoinflammatory and autoimmune processes. Finally, whereas autoinflammatory diseases are mostly driven by inflammasome-induced IL-1β and IL-18 production, autoimmune diseases are associated with type I interferon (IFN) signatures in blood. In this Review, we provide an overview of the monocyte intracellular pathways that drive autoinflammation and autoimmunity. We convey recent findings on how the type I IFN pathway can modulate IL-1β signalling (and vice versa), and discuss why IL-1β-mediated autoinflammatory diseases do not perpetuate into autoimmunity. The origins of intracellular autoantigens in autoimmune disorders are also discussed. Finally, we suggest how new mechanistic knowledge of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases might help improve treatment strategies to benefit patient care.
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86
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Extracellular adenosine generation in the regulation of pro-inflammatory responses and pathogen colonization. Biomolecules 2015; 5:775-92. [PMID: 25950510 PMCID: PMC4496696 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, an immunomodulatory biomolecule, is produced by the ecto-enzymes CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) and CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) by dephosphorylation of extracellular ATP. CD73 is expressed by many cell types during injury, infection and during steady-state conditions. Besides host cells, many bacteria also have CD39-CD73-like machinery, which helps the pathogen subvert the host inflammatory response. The major function for adenosine is anti-inflammatory, and most recent research has focused on adenosine's control of inflammatory mechanisms underlying various autoimmune diseases (e.g., colitis, arthritis). Although adenosine generated through CD73 provides a feedback to control tissue damage mediated by a host immune response, it can also contribute to immunosuppression. Thus, inflammation can be a double-edged sword: it may harm the host but eventually helps by killing the invading pathogen. The role of adenosine in dampening inflammation has been an area of active research, but the relevance of the CD39/CD73-axis and adenosine receptor signaling in host defense against infection has received less attention. Here, we review our recent knowledge regarding CD73 expression during murine Salmonellosis and Helicobacter-induced gastric infection and its role in disease pathogenesis and bacterial persistence. We also explored a possible role for the CD73/adenosine pathway in regulating innate host defense function during infection.
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87
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Toldo S, Mezzaroma E, Mauro AG, Salloum F, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A. The inflammasome in myocardial injury and cardiac remodeling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1146-61. [PMID: 25330141 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An inflammatory response follows an injury of any nature, and while such a response is an attempt to promote healing, it may, itself, result in further injury. RECENT ADVANCES The inflammasome is a macromolecular structure recently recognized as a central mediator in the acute inflammatory response. The inflammasome senses the injury and it amplifies the response by leading to the release of powerful pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. CRITICAL ISSUES The activation of the inflammasome in the heart during ischemic and nonischemic injury represents an exaggerated response to sterile injury and promotes adverse cardiac remodeling and failure. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Pilot clinical trials have explored blockade of the inflammasome-derived IL-1β and have shown beneficial effects on cardiac function. Additional clinical studies testing this approach are warranted. Moreover, specific inflammasome inhibitors that are ready for clinical use are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- 1 VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
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88
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Pernet E, Brunet J, Guillemot L, Chignard M, Touqui L, Wu Y. Staphylococcus aureusAdenosine Inhibits sPLA2-IIA–Mediated Host Killing in the Airways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5312-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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89
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Pandolfi J, Ferraro A, Lerner M, Serrano JR, Dueck A, Fainboim L, Arruvito L. Purinergic signaling modulates human visceral adipose inflammatory responses: implications in metabolically unhealthy obesity. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:941-949. [PMID: 25717146 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1214-626r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by chronic inflammation of VAT, which promotes metabolic changes, and purinergic signaling has a key role in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we addressed whether fat inflammation could be differentially modulated by this signaling pathway in the MUO and in individuals who remain MHO. Our results show that the necrotized VAT of both groups released greater levels of ATP compared with lean donors. Interestingly, MUO tissue SVCs showed up-regulation and engagement of the purinergic P2X7R. The extracellular ATP concentration is regulated by an enzymatic process, in which CD39 converts ATP and ADP into AMP, and CD73 converts AMP into adenosine. In VAT, the CD73 ectoenzyme was widely distributed in immune and nonimmune cells, whereas CD39 expression was restricted to immune CD45PAN+ SVCs. Although the MUO group expressed the highest levels of both ectoenzymes, no difference in ATP hydrolysis capacity was found between the groups. As expected, MUO exhibited the highest NLRP3 inflammasome expression and IL-1β production. MUO SVCs also displayed up-regulation of the A2AR, allowing extracellular adenosine to increase IL-1β local secretion. Additionally, we demonstrate that metabolic parameters and BMI are positively correlated with purinergic components in VAT. These findings indicate that purinergic signaling is a novel mechanism involved in the chronic inflammation of VAT underlying the metabolic changes in obesity. Finally, our study reveals a proinflammatory role for adenosine in sustaining IL-1β production in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pandolfi
- *Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, and División Cirugía Gastroenterológica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Ferraro
- *Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, and División Cirugía Gastroenterológica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Lerner
- *Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, and División Cirugía Gastroenterológica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J R Serrano
- *Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, and División Cirugía Gastroenterológica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Dueck
- *Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, and División Cirugía Gastroenterológica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Fainboim
- *Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, and División Cirugía Gastroenterológica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Arruvito
- *Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, and División Cirugía Gastroenterológica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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90
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Baron L, Gombault A, Fanny M, Villeret B, Savigny F, Guillou N, Panek C, Le Bert M, Lagente V, Rassendren F, Riteau N, Couillin I. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by nanoparticles through ATP, ADP and adenosine. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1629. [PMID: 25654762 PMCID: PMC4669808 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a major component of the innate immune system, but its mechanism of activation by a wide range of molecules remains largely unknown. Widely used nano-sized inorganic metal oxides such as silica dioxide (nano-SiO2) and titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages similarly to silica or asbestos micro-sized particles. By investigating towards the molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation in response to nanoparticles, we show here that active adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and subsequent ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine receptor signalling are required for inflammasome activation. Nano-SiO2 or nano-TiO2 caused a significant increase in P2Y1, P2Y2, A2A and/or A2B receptor expression, whereas the P2X7 receptor was downregulated. Interestingly, IL-1β secretion in response to nanoparticles is increased by enhanced ATP and ADP hydrolysis, whereas it is decreased by adenosine degradation or selective A2A or A2B receptor inhibition. Downstream of these receptors, our results show that nanoparticles activate the NLRP3 inflammasome via activation of PLC-InsP3 and/or inhibition of adenylate cyclase (ADCY)-cAMP pathways. Finally, a high dose of adenosine triggers inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion through adenosine cellular uptake by nucleotide transporters and by its subsequent transformation in ATP by adenosine kinase. In summary, we show for the first time that extracellular adenosine activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by two ways: by interacting with adenosine receptors at nanomolar/micromolar concentrations and through cellular uptake by equilibrative nucleoside transporters at millimolar concentrations. These findings provide new molecular insights on the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and new therapeutic strategies to control inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baron
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
| | - A Gombault
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
| | - M Fanny
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
| | - B Villeret
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
| | - F Savigny
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
| | - N Guillou
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
| | - C Panek
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
| | - M Le Bert
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
| | - V Lagente
- INSERM U991, University of Rennes, France
| | - F Rassendren
- IGF, CNRS, UMR 5203 and INSERM U661, University of Montpellier, France
| | - N Riteau
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
| | - I Couillin
- INEM, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, France
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91
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A novel antioxidant multitarget iron chelator M30 protects hepatocytes against ethanol-induced injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:607271. [PMID: 25722794 PMCID: PMC4334871 DOI: 10.1155/2015/607271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The multitarget iron chelator, M30, is a novel antioxidant and protective agent against oxidative stress in a spectrum of diseases. However, there is no report regarding its role in liver diseases. Since oxidative stress is one of the major pathological events during the progression of alcoholic liver diseases, the protective effects and mechanisms of M30 on ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury were investigated in this study. Rat hepatocyte line BRL-3A was pretreated with M30 prior to ethanol treatment. Cell death, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation were examined. Specific antagonists and agonists were applied to determine the involvements of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and its upstream adenylate cyclase (AC)/cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/HIF-1α/NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. We found that M30 significantly attenuated ethanol-induced cellular death, apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and inhibited activation of the AC/cAMP/PKA/HIF-1α/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Inhibition and activation of the AC/cAMP/PKA/HIF-1α pathway mimicked and abolished the effects of M30, respectively. In conclusion, inhibition of the AC/cAMP/PKA/HIF-1α/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by M30 partially contributes to its attenuation of hepatocyte injury caused by ethanol exposure.
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92
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Abstract
The liver possesses a strong inflammatory response, as seen experimentally and clinically with liver inflammation due to toxic and metabolic stress, sepsis and ischemia. Initiation of this inflammatory response requires the interaction of two types of extracellular signals which collectively upregulate and activate a cytosolic molecular complex termed the inflammasome. Signal 1 is via activation of pattern recognition receptors, and signal 2 is delivered by diverse stimuli including particulates and adenosine triphosphate. The common end result of inflammasome activation is the activation of the protease caspase-1 with release of active interleukin-1β. The inflammasome is important in a wide range of conditions including alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Kupffer cells are known to be important, but the consequences of inflammasome activation in other hepatic immune cells have not been well characterized. The inflammasome pathway is also known to be required for a full fibrotic response, as demonstrated by reduced lung, skin and liver fibrosis in inflammasome-deficient mice. Identification of the inflammasome machinery has opened up novel therapeutic avenues by the use of antagonists for Toll-like receptors as well as the adenosine triphosphate receptor P2X7, and the interleukin-1 receptor. There is now great interest in how inflammasome pathways are regulated. The initial challenge is to understand how an acute inflammatory response is sustained. This is a significant issue as the known stimuli result in an acute response that is self-limited to under 24 h. This suggests that there are significant regulators which allow sustained inflammasome activation in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajahat Zafar Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., and Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Conn., USA
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