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Holttinen T, Pirkola S, Kaltiala R. Schizophrenia among young people first admitted to psychiatric inpatient care during early and middle adolescence. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:103-109. [PMID: 36640743 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the incidence and stability of schizophrenia in a large national register data of all adolescents first admitted to psychiatric inpatient care at ages 13-17 in Finland 1980-2010. METHODS The study population (N 17,112) comprised all Finnish citizens aged 13-17 receiving their first ever psychiatric inpatient treatment between 1980 and 2010 in Finland. To explore incidence and stability of schizophrenia, the diagnostic information on inpatient care or disability pension was obtained from the appropriate registers. RESULTS The incidence of schizophrenia disorders (F20 + F25) during adolescence was higher in the study population for those admitted to psychiatric inpatient care 1980-1989 than in other decades examined. Overall, psychiatric inpatient care during adolescence was a risk factor for subsequent schizophrenia, especially if a diagnosis of F20-29 was set although a considerable share of those with psychotic disorders other than schizophrenia diagnosis did not subsequently convert to schizophrenia. The stability of adolescent onset schizophrenia diagnosis was high. CONCLUSION Adolescents requiring psychiatric inpatient care have a higher later rate of schizophrenia diagnosis than prevalence at community level. Whereas adolescent onset schizophrenia diagnosis is a fairly stable diagnosis, there are other adolescent psychotic disorders which are more transient in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Holttinen
- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Adolescent Psychiatry and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riittakerttu Kaltiala
- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Adolescent Psychiatry and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland; Vanha Vaasa Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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Neurotoxic/Neuroprotective Effects of Clozapine and the Positive Allosteric Modulator of mGluR2 JNJ-46356479 in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032054. [PMID: 36768378 PMCID: PMC9916793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Current antipsychotics (APs) effectively control positive psychotic symptoms, mainly by blocking dopamine (DA) D2 receptors, but have little effect on negative and cognitive symptoms. Increased glutamate (GLU) release would trigger neurotoxicity, leading to apoptosis and synaptic pruning, which is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. New pharmacological strategies are being developed such as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the metabotropic GLU receptor 2 (mGluR2) that inhibit the presynaptic release of GLU. We previously reported that treatment of adult mice with JNJ-46356479 (JNJ), a recently developed mGluR2 PAM, partially improved neuropathological deficits and schizophrenia-like behavior in a postnatal ketamine mouse model. In the present study, we evaluated, for the first time, the putative neuroprotective and antiapoptotic activity of JNJ in a human neuroblastoma cell line and compared it with the effect of clozapine (CLZ) as a clinical AP with the highest efficacy and with apparent utility in managing negative symptoms. Specifically, we measured changes in cell viability, caspase 3 activity and apoptosis, as well as in the expression of key genes involved in survival and cell death, produced by CLZ and JNJ alone and in combination with a high DA or GLU concentration as apoptosis inducers. Our results suggest that JNJ is not neurotoxic and attenuates apoptosis, particularly by decreasing the caspase 3 activation induced by DA and GLU, as well as increasing and decreasing the number of viable and apoptotic cells, respectively, only when cultures were exposed to GLU. Its effects seem to be less neurotoxic and more neuroprotective than those observed with CLZ. Moreover, JNJ partially normalized altered expression levels of glycolytic genes, which could act as a protective factor and be related to its putative neuroprotective effect. More studies are needed to define the mechanisms of action of this GLU modulator and its potential to become a novel therapeutic agent for schizophrenia.
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Bogers JPAM, Hambarian G, Walburgh Schmidt N, Vermeulen JM, de Haan L. Risk Factors for Psychotic Relapse After Dose Reduction or Discontinuation of Antipsychotics in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia. A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:11-23. [PMID: 36200866 PMCID: PMC9810020 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Although maintenance treatment with antipsychotics protects against psychotic relapse, high doses may hamper recovery. Therefore, dose reduction or discontinuation may be considered in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Here, we identified risk factors for psychotic relapse when doses are reduced. STUDY DESIGN We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from January 1950 through January 2021 and reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported relapse rates after antipsychotic dose reduction or discontinuation in patients with chronic schizophrenia. We calculated relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per person-year and sought to identify potential risk factors for relapse. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017058296). STUDY RESULTS Forty-seven RCTs (54 patient cohorts, 1746 person-years) were included. The RR for psychotic relapse with dose reduction/discontinuation versus maintenance treatment was 2.3 per person-year (95% CI: 1.9 to 2.8). The RR was higher with antipsychotic discontinuation, dose reduction to less than 3-5 mg haloperidol equivalent (HE), or relatively rapid dose reduction (<10 weeks). The RR was lower with long-acting injectable agents versus oral antipsychotic dose reduction. Other factors that increased the risk of psychotic relapse were younger age and short follow-up time. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should take several risk factors for psychotic relapse into account when considering dose reduction in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Studies of a relatively fast reduction in antipsychotic dose support a minimum dose of 3-5 mg HE. However, if the dose is tapered more gradually, relapses related to medication withdrawal might be avoided, possibly enabling lower-end doses to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P A M Bogers
- High Care Clinics and Rivierduinen Academy, Mental Health Services Rivierduinen, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jentien M Vermeulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Matrisciano F, Pinna G. The Strategy of Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:513-535. [PMID: 36949324 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nonsteroid nuclear receptors and transcription factors that regulate several neuroinflammatory and metabolic processes, recently involved in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. PPARs are ligand-activated receptors that, following stimulation, induce neuroprotective effects by decreasing neuroinflammatory processes through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) expression and consequent suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X-receptor (RXR) and bind to PPAR-responsive regulatory elements (PPRE) in the promoter region of target genes involved in lipid metabolism, synthesis of cholesterol, catabolism of amino acids, and inflammation. Interestingly, PPARs are considered functionally part of the extended endocannabinoid (eCB) system that includes the classic eCB, anandamide, which act at cannabinoid receptor types 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) and are implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In preclinical studies, PPAR stimulation improves anxiety and depression-like behaviors by enhancing neurosteroid biosynthesis. The peculiar functional role of PPARs by exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects and their expression localization in neurons and glial cells of corticolimbic circuits make them particularly interesting as novel therapeutic targets for several neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by underlying neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative mechanisms. Herein, we discuss the pathological hallmarks of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with neuroinflammation, as well as the pivotal role of PPARs with a special emphasis on the subtype alpha (PPAR-α) as a suitable molecular target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Matrisciano
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Golovina AG, Shmakova OP. [Initial mental disorders in patients with psychotic of schizophrenia in adolescent]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:93-98. [PMID: 38147388 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312312193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clarification of the phenomenology and dynamics of initial mental disorders in patients with psychotic pubertal forms of schizophrenia, identification of the features of these disorders depending on sex. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study material was adolescent patients with psychotic forms of schizophrenia. Forty-three people were examined (women 44.2%, median age 14.3 [13.0; 16.8] years). Clinical-anamnestic, clinical-psychopathological, clinical-statistical methods were used. RESULTS The duration of the initial stage of the disease ranged from several hours to 5 years (median 0.8 [0.5; 1.7]. The structure of initial disorders was dominated by nonspecific mental disorders characterized by a combination of symptoms of non-psychotic and subpsychotic levels (20 patients - 43.5%; including 12 males - 26% and 8 females - 24.1% ). If behavioral disorders and episodes of psychoactive substance use were significantly more often detected in boys, then dysmorphic phenomena were detected in girls (p<0.05). In accordance with the dynamics of development, acute (n=14 - 32%), subacute (n=21 - 49%), fluctuating (n=8 - 19%) variants of initial disorders are distinguished. Young men turned to a psychiatrist in a more timely manner (already at the stage of prodrome), while girls sought psychiatric help only at the stage of development of psychotic disorders. CONCLUSION A psychotic episode in adolescents suffering from schizophrenia developed acutely in a third of cases. In the vast majority of cases, the initial mental disorders that appeared on the eve of acute psychosis was subacute, or differed in a fluctuating course, characterized by clinical polymorphism and multidirectionality. Differences were revealed in the preference for the occurrence of a number of initial disorders in boys and girls, as well as in the timeliness of seeking psychiatric help.
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Davies C, Bossong MG, Martins D, Wilson R, Appiah-Kusi E, Blest-Hopley G, Allen P, Zelaya F, Lythgoe DJ, Brammer M, Perez J, McGuire P, Bhattacharyya S. Hippocampal Glutamate, Resting Perfusion and the Effects of Cannabidiol in Psychosis Risk. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2023; 4:sgad022. [PMID: 39145348 PMCID: PMC11207663 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Preclinical and human data suggest that psychosis onset involves hippocampal glutamatergic dysfunction, driving hyperactivity and hyperperfusion in a hippocampal-midbrain-striatal circuit. Whether glutamatergic dysfunction is related to cerebral perfusion in patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, and whether cannabidiol (CBD) has ameliorative effects on glutamate or its relationship with perfusion remains unknown. Methods Using a double-blind, parallel-group design, 33 CHR patients were randomized to a single 600 mg dose of CBD or placebo; 19 healthy controls did not receive any drug. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure glutamate concentrations in left hippocampus. We examined differences relating to CHR status (controls vs placebo), effects of CBD (placebo vs CBD), and linear between-group effects, such that placebo>CBD>controls or controls>CBD>placebo. We also examined group × glutamate × cerebral perfusion (measured using Arterial Spin Labeling) interactions. Results Compared to controls, CHR-placebo patients had significantly lower hippocampal glutamate (P =.015) and a significant linear relationship was observed across groups, such that glutamate was highest in controls, lowest in CHR-placebo, and intermediate in CHR-CBD (P =.031). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between group (controls vs CHR-placebo), hippocampal glutamate, and perfusion in the putamen and insula (P FWE =.012), with a strong positive correlation in CHR-placebo vs a negative correlation in controls. Conclusions Our findings suggest that hippocampal glutamate is lower in CHR patients and may be partially normalized by a single dose of CBD. Furthermore, we provide the first in vivo evidence of an abnormal relationship between hippocampal glutamate and perfusion in the striatum and insula in CHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Davies
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthijs G Bossong
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robin Wilson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Appiah-Kusi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Blest-Hopley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David J Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jesus Perez
- CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Iseli GC, Ulrich S, Schmidt A. Elucidating gut microbiota-hippocampus interactions in emerging psychosis: A new perspective for the development of early interventions for memory impairments. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098019. [PMID: 37032923 PMCID: PMC10076719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal dysregulation might be a key pathophysiological factor for memory impairments in psychosis. Contemporary models particularly postulate that an imbalance of hippocampal glutamate and GABA leads to impaired memory and may thus serve as a therapeutic target to improve memory deficits. However, currently available interventions in early stages of psychosis do not explicitly target hippocampal pathology. A novel approach for manipulating hippocampus-dependent memory processes is provided via the gut microbiota. In this perspective article, we first recapitulate compelling evidence for emerging hippocampus pathology during the development of psychosis. The following sections emphasize the critical role of the gut microbiota in hippocampus plasticity and memory, and summarize existing evidence of gut microbiota alterations in different stages of psychosis. Finally, we propose a novel conceptual roadmap for future studies deciphering gut microbiota-hippocampus synergisms in emerging psychosis and argue that specific microbial supplementation might be promising for improving hippocampus-dependent memory deficits in early stages of psychosis.
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Matrisciano F. Functional Nutrition as Integrated Intervention for In- and Outpatient with Schizophrenia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2409-2423. [PMID: 36946488 PMCID: PMC10616917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230322160259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abnormalities associated with neuronal development and synaptic plasticity alterations. Genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in cortical parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and consequent alterations in glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission during early neurodevelopment underlie schizophrenia manifestation and progression. Also, epigenetic alterations during pregnancy or early phases of postnatal life are associated with schizophrenia vulnerability and inflammatory processes, which are at the basis of brain pathology and a higher risk of comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. In addition, schizophrenia patients adopt an unhealthy lifestyle and poor nutrition, leading to premature death. Here, I explored the role of functional nutrition as an integrated intervention for the long-term management of patients with schizophrenia. Several natural bioactive compounds in plant-based whole foods, including flavonoids, phytonutrients, vitamins, fatty acids, and minerals, modulate brain functioning by targeting neuroinflammation and improving cognitive decline. Although further clinical studies are needed, a functional diet rich in natural bioactive compounds might be effective in synergism with standard treatments to improve schizophrenia symptoms and reduce the risk of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Matrisciano
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
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Günther A, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Neuronal oscillations: early biomarkers of psychiatric disease? Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1038981. [PMID: 36600993 PMCID: PMC9806131 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1038981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the environmental and genetic factors contributing to the wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders has significantly increased in recent years. Impairment of neuronal network activity during early development has been suggested as a contributor to the emergence of neuropsychiatric pathologies later in life. Still, the neurobiological substrates underlying these disorders remain yet to be fully understood and the lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis has impeded research into curative treatment options. Here, we briefly review current knowledge on potential biomarkers for emerging neuropsychiatric disease. Moreover, we summarize recent findings on aberrant activity patterns in the context of psychiatric disease, with a particular focus on their potential as early biomarkers of neuropathologies, an essential step towards pre-symptomatic diagnosis and, thus, early intervention.
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Chauvière L. Early cognitive comorbidities before disease onset: A common symptom towards prevention of related brain diseases? Heliyon 2022; 8:e12259. [PMID: 36590531 PMCID: PMC9800323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain diseases are very heterogeneous; however they also display multiple common risk factors and comorbidities. With a paucity of disease-modifying therapies, prevention became a health priority. Towards prevention, one strategy is to focus on similar symptoms of brain diseases occurring before disease onset. Cognitive deficits are a promising candidate as they occur across brain diseases before disease onset. Based on recent research, this review highlights the similarity of brain diseases and discusses how early cognitive deficits can be exploited to tackle disease prevention. After briefly introducing common risk factors, I review common comorbidities across brain diseases, with a focus on cognitive deficits before disease onset, reporting both experimental and clinical findings. Next, I describe network abnormalities associated with early cognitive deficits and discuss how these abnormalities can be targeted to prevent disease onset. A scenario on brain disease etiology with the idea that early cognitive deficits may constitute a common symptom of brain diseases is proposed.
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Bernasconi F, Blondiaux E, Rognini G, Dhanis H, Jenni L, Potheegadoo J, Hara M, Blanke O. Neuroscience robotics for controlled induction and real-time assessment of hallucinations. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2966-2989. [PMID: 36097181 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although hallucinations are important and frequent symptoms in major psychiatric and neurological diseases, little is known about their brain mechanisms. Hallucinations are unpredictable and private experiences, making their investigation, quantification and assessment highly challenging. A major shortcoming in hallucination research is the absence of methods able to induce specific and short-lasting hallucinations, which resemble clinical hallucinations, can be elicited repeatedly and vary across experimental conditions. By integrating clinical observations and recent advances in cognitive neuroscience with robotics, we have designed a novel device and sensorimotor method able to repeatedly induce a specific, clinically relevant hallucination: presence hallucination. Presence hallucinations are induced by applying specific conflicting (spatiotemporal) sensorimotor stimulation including an upper extremity and the torso of the participant. Another, MRI-compatible, robotic device using similar sensorimotor stimulation permitted the identification of the brain mechanisms of these hallucinations. Enabling the identification of behavioral and a frontotemporal neural biomarkers of hallucinations, under fully controlled experimental conditions and in real-time, this method can be applied in healthy participants as well as patients with schizophrenia, neurodegenerative disease or other hallucinations. The execution of these protocols requires intermediate-level skills in cognitive neuroscience and MRI processing, as well as minimal coding experience to control the robotic device. These protocols take ~3 h to be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fosco Bernasconi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva Blondiaux
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Rognini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Herberto Dhanis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Jenni
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jevita Potheegadoo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Masayuki Hara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics & Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Pandi-Perumal SR, Conus P, Krebs MO, Cheour M, Seeman MV, Jahrami HA. Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported psychotic experiences among high school and college students: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 146:492-514. [PMID: 36000793 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are at high risk of incident psychopathology. Fleeting psychotic experiences (PEs) that emerge in young people in response to stress may be warning signs that are missed by research that fails to study stressed populations, such as late high school and college/university students. Our aim in this systematic review was to conduct a meta-analysis that estimates prevalence rates of PEs in students, and to assess whether these rates differ by gender, age, culture, and COVID-19 exposure. METHOD We searched nine electronic databases, from their inception until January 31, 2022 for relevant studies. We pooled the estimates using the DerSimonian-Laird technique and random-effects meta-analysis. Our main outcome was the prevalence of self-reported PEs in high school and college/university students. We subsequently analyzed our data by age, gender, population, country, culture, evaluation tool, and COVID-19 exposure. RESULTS Out of 486 studies retrieved, a total of 59 independent studies met inclusion criteria reporting 210' 024 students from 21 different countries. Nearly one in four students (23.31%; 95% CI 18.41%-29.05%), reported having experienced PEs (heterogeneity [Q = 22,698.23 (62), p = 0.001] τ2 = 1.4418 [1.0415-2.1391], τ = 1.2007 [1.0205-1.4626], I2 = 99.7%, H = 19.13 [18.59-19.69]). The 95% prediction intervals were 04.01%-68.85%. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence differed significantly by population, culture, and COVID-19 exposure. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed high prevalence rates of self-reported PEs among teen and young adult students, which may have significance for mental health screening in school settings. An important realization is that PEs may have very different mental health meaning in different cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention is Psychiatry, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc., Toronto, Canada.,Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Inserm, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS GDR 3557), Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Majda Cheour
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention is Psychiatry, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Haitham A Jahrami
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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Torkar T, Homar V, Švab V. Triangulation study of needs assessment of people with severe mental illness in “follow‐up” day hospital settings. Nurs Open 2022; 10:2859-2868. [PMID: 36451296 PMCID: PMC10077374 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of research was to assess the needs of patients with severe mental illness (SMI) attending follow-up day hospital (DH) programmes from the patients', relatives' and experts' perspective. DESIGN This triangulation research relies on three sources of information and two techniques of data collection. METHODS Qualitative research was conducted comprising semi-structured interviews (n = 15) and focus groups (n = 4) in three sequential rounds, triangulating patients', relatives' and experts' views. A content analysis was carried out. RESULTS Study reveals a diverse spectrum of needs of SMI patients in follow-up DH programmes. The analysis yielded six themes: optimal daily functioning, work and educational activities, social network inclusion, continuous treatment, support and guidance, long-term care. DH programmes should assess the needs of patients with SMI and be adapted according to the findings. In addition to clinical treatment, requirements for continuous treatment, psychological and social needs, therapeutic relationship in less-restrictive settings should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Torkar
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
- Department of Nursing Angela Boškin Faculty of Health Care Jesenice Slovenia
- Department of Nursing Begunje Psychiatric Hospital Begunje na Gorenjskem Slovenia
| | - Vesna Homar
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
- Vrhnika Healthcare Centre Vrhnika Slovenia
| | - Vesna Švab
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
- National Institute of Public Health Ljubljana Slovenia
- Logatec Healthcare Centre Logatec Slovenia
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64
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Abstract
Recent advances in genomics have revealed a wide spectrum of genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders at an unprecedented scale. An increasing number of studies have consistently identified mutations-both inherited and de novo-impacting the function of specific brain circuits. This suggests that, during brain development, alterations in distinct neural circuits, cell types, or broad regulatory pathways ultimately shaping synapses might be a dysfunctional process underlying these disorders. Here, we review findings from human studies and animal model research to provide a comprehensive description of synaptic and circuit mechanisms implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. We discuss how specific synaptic connections might be commonly disrupted in different disorders and the alterations in cognition and behaviors emerging from imbalances in neuronal circuits. Moreover, we review new approaches that have been shown to restore or mitigate dysfunctional processes during specific critical windows of brain development. Considering the heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders, we also highlight the recent progress in developing improved clinical biomarkers and strategies that will help to identify novel therapeutic compounds and opportunities for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Exposito-Alonso
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom;
- Current affiliation: Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Beatriz Rico
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom;
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65
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Rodrigues-Neves AC, Ambrósio AF, Gomes CA. Microglia sequelae: brain signature of innate immunity in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:493. [PMID: 36443303 PMCID: PMC9705537 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with significant impact on individuals and society. The current pharmacologic treatment, which principally alleviates psychosis, is focused on neurotransmitters modulation, relying on drugs with severe side effects and ineffectiveness in a significant percentage of cases. Therefore, and due to difficulties inherent to diagnosis and treatment, it is vital to reassess alternative cellular and molecular drug targets. Distinct risk factors - genetic, developmental, epigenetic, and environmental - have been associated with disease onset and progression, giving rise to the proposal of different pathophysiological mechanisms and putative pharmacological targets. Immunity is involved and, particularly microglia - innate immune cells of the central nervous system, critically involved in brain development - have captured attention as cellular players. Microglia undergo marked morphologic and functional alterations in the human disease, as well as in animal models of schizophrenia, as reported in several original papers. We cluster the main findings of clinical studies by groups of patients: (1) at ultra-high risk of psychosis, (2) with a first episode of psychosis or recent-onset schizophrenia, and (3) with chronic schizophrenia; in translational studies, we highlight the time window of appearance of particular microglia alterations in the most well studied animal model in the field (maternal immune activation). The organization of clinical and translational findings based on schizophrenia-associated microglia changes in different phases of the disease course may help defining a temporal pattern of microglia changes and may drive the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António. F. Ambrósio
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina A. Gomes
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
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66
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Cao Y, Fajardo D, Guerrero-Given D, Samuel MA, Ohtsuka T, Boye SE, Kamasawa N, Martemyanov KA. Post-developmental plasticity of the primary rod pathway allows restoration of visually guided behaviors. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4783-4796.e3. [PMID: 36179691 PMCID: PMC9691582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The formation of neural circuits occurs in a programmed fashion, but proper activity in the circuit is essential for refining the organization necessary for driving complex behavioral tasks. In the retina, sensory deprivation during the critical period of development is well known to perturb the organization of the visual circuit making the animals unable to use vision for behavior. However, the extent of plasticity, molecular factors involved, and malleability of individual channels in the circuit to manipulations outside of the critical period are not well understood. In this study, we selectively disconnected and reconnected rod photoreceptors in mature animals after completion of the retina circuit development. We found that introducing synaptic rod photoreceptor input post-developmentally allowed their integration into the circuit both anatomically and functionally. Remarkably, adult mice with newly integrated rod photoreceptors gained high-sensitivity vision, even when it was absent from birth. These observations reveal plasticity of the retina circuit organization after closure of the critical period and encourage the development of vision restoration strategies for congenital blinding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Diego Fajardo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Debbie Guerrero-Given
- The Imaging Center, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Melanie A Samuel
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shannon E Boye
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- The Imaging Center, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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67
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Chang X, Zhao W, Kang J, Xiang S, Xie C, Corona-Hernández H, Palaniyappan L, Feng J. Language abnormalities in schizophrenia: binding core symptoms through contemporary empirical evidence. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:95. [PMID: 36371445 PMCID: PMC9653408 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both the ability to speak and to infer complex linguistic messages from sounds have been claimed as uniquely human phenomena. In schizophrenia, formal thought disorder (FTD) and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are manifestations respectively relating to concrete disruptions of those abilities. From an evolutionary perspective, Crow (1997) proposed that "schizophrenia is the price that Homo sapiens pays for the faculty of language". Epidemiological and experimental evidence points to an overlap between FTD and AVHs, yet a thorough investigation examining their shared neural mechanism in schizophrenia is lacking. In this review, we synthesize observations from three key domains. First, neuroanatomical evidence indicates substantial shared abnormalities in language-processing regions between FTD and AVHs, even in the early phases of schizophrenia. Second, neurochemical studies point to a glutamate-related dysfunction in these language-processing brain regions, contributing to verbal production deficits. Third, genetic findings further show how genes that overlap between schizophrenia and language disorders influence neurodevelopment and neurotransmission. We argue that these observations converge into the possibility that a glutamatergic dysfunction in language-processing brain regions might be a shared neural basis of both FTD and AVHs. Investigations of language pathology in schizophrenia could facilitate the development of diagnostic tools and treatments, so we call for multilevel confirmatory analyses focused on modulations of the language network as a therapeutic goal in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- MOE-LCSM, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shitong Xiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hugo Corona-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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68
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Matloka M, Janowska S, Pankiewicz P, Kokhanovska S, Kos T, Hołuj M, Rutkowska-Wlodarczyk I, Abramski K, Janicka M, Jakubowski P, Świątkiewicz M, Welniak-Kaminska M, Hucz-Kalitowska J, Dera P, Bojarski L, Grieb P, Popik P, Wieczorek M, Pieczykolan J. A PDE10A inhibitor CPL500036 is a novel agent modulating striatal function devoid of most neuroleptic side-effects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999685. [PMID: 36438799 PMCID: PMC9681820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is expressed almost exclusively in the striatum and its inhibition is suggested to offer potential treatment in disorders associated with basal ganglia. We evaluated the selectivity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and potential adverse effects of a novel PDE10A inhibitor, CPL500036, in vivo. Methods: The potency of CPL500036 was demonstrated by microfluidic technology, and selectivity was investigated in a radioligand binding assay against 44 targets. Cardiotoxicity in vitro was evaluated in human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG)-potassium channel-overexpressing cells by the patch-clamp method and by assessing key parameters in 3D cardiac spheroids. Cytotoxicity was determined in H1299, HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. The Ames test was used for genotoxicity analyses. During in vivo studies, CPL500036 was administered by oral gavage. CPL500036 exposure were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and plasma protein binding was assessed. The bar test was employed to assess catalepsy. Prolactin and glucose levels in rat blood were measured by ELISAs and glucometers, respectively. Cardiovascular safety in vivo was investigated in dogs using a telemetry method. Results: CPL500036 inhibited PDE10A at an IC50 of 1 nM, and interacted only with the muscarinic M2 receptor as a negative allosteric modulator with an IC50 of 9.2 µM. Despite inhibiting hERG tail current at an IC25 of 3.2 μM, cardiovascular adverse effects were not observed in human cardiac 3D spheroids or in vivo. Cytotoxicity in vitro was observed only at > 60 μM and genotoxicity was not recorded during the Ames test. CPL500036 presented good bioavailability and penetration into the brain. CPL500036 elicited catalepsy at 0.6 mg/kg, but hyperprolactinemia or hyperglycemic effects were not observed in doses up to 3 mg/kg. Conclusion: CPL500036 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable PDE10A inhibitor with a good safety profile distinct from marketed antipsychotics. CPL500036 may be a compelling drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomasz Kos
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Hołuj
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Maciej Świątkiewicz
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Paweł Grieb
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Popik
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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69
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Chaumette B, Sengupta SM, Lepage M, Malla A, Iyer SN, Kebir O, Dion PA, Rouleau GA, Krebs MO, Shah JL, Joober R. A polymorphism in the glutamate metabotropic receptor 7 is associated with cognitive deficits in the early phases of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:56-62. [PMID: 32624350 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is an illness characterized by positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive impairments. Cognitive impairments occur before the onset of psychosis and could reflect glutamatergic dysregulation. Thus, identifying associations between genetic variations in genes coding for glutamatergic receptors and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia may help in understanding the basis of these deficits and in identifying potential drug targets. In a discovery cohort of 144 first-episode of psychosis patients (FEP), we genotyped 58 candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) located in NMDA and metabotropic glutamatergic receptors. These SNPs were selected according to the results from the Psychiatric Genomic Consortium and were tested for association with intellectual quotient (IQ) as assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scales. For replication, we used the ICAAR cohort including 121 ultra-high-risk patients (UHR) with the same cognitive assessment. A polymorphism located in GRM7, rs1396409, was significantly associated with performance IQ in the discovery cohort of FEP. This association was replicated in the UHR cohort. This polymorphism is also associated with total IQ and verbal IQ in the merged dataset, with a predominant effect on the arithmetic subtest. The rs1396409 polymorphism is significantly associated with cognitive impairment during the onset of psychosis. This genetic association highlights the possible impact of glutamatergic genes in cognitive deficits in the early phases of psychosis and enforces the interest for new therapeutic interventions targeting the glutamatergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Chaumette
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, CNRS, GDR3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Sarojini M Sengupta
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ashok Malla
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Oussama Kebir
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, CNRS, GDR3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, CNRS, GDR3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Jai L Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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70
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Batiuk MY, Tyler T, Dragicevic K, Mei S, Rydbirk R, Petukhov V, Deviatiiarov R, Sedmak D, Frank E, Feher V, Habek N, Hu Q, Igolkina A, Roszik L, Pfisterer U, Garcia-Gonzalez D, Petanjek Z, Adorjan I, Kharchenko PV, Khodosevich K. Upper cortical layer-driven network impairment in schizophrenia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8367. [PMID: 36223459 PMCID: PMC9555788 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most widespread and complex mental disorders. To characterize the impact of schizophrenia, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of >220,000 neurons from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia and matched controls. In addition, >115,000 neurons were analyzed topographically by immunohistochemistry. Compositional analysis of snRNA-seq data revealed a reduction in abundance of GABAergic neurons and a concomitant increase in principal neurons, most pronounced for upper cortical layer subtypes, which was substantiated by histological analysis. Many neuronal subtypes showed extensive transcriptomic changes, the most marked in upper-layer GABAergic neurons, including down-regulation in energy metabolism and up-regulation in neurotransmission. Transcription factor network analysis demonstrated a developmental origin of transcriptomic changes. Last, Visium spatial transcriptomics further corroborated upper-layer neuron vulnerability in schizophrenia. Overall, our results point toward general network impairment within upper cortical layers as a core substrate associated with schizophrenia symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Y. Batiuk
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teadora Tyler
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Katarina Dragicevic
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rasmus Rydbirk
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktor Petukhov
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- The National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, Moscow 115478, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420043, Russia
| | - Dora Sedmak
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research and Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Erzsebet Frank
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Virginia Feher
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Nikola Habek
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research and Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Qiwen Hu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Igolkina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Lilla Roszik
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Ulrich Pfisterer
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diego Garcia-Gonzalez
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zdravko Petanjek
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research and Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Istvan Adorjan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Peter V. Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Evaluating the tendencies of community practitioners who actively practice in child and adolescent psychiatry to diagnose and treat DSM-5 attenuated psychotic syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1635-1644. [PMID: 34669043 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The detection of individuals at clinical ultra-high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) may be a key limiting step for early interventions, and there is some uncertainty regarding the true clinical reliability of the CHR-P states. The aim of this study was to explore how practitioners who were in the direct treatment of children with psychiatric disorders [child psychiatry specialists/trainees (n = 227, n = 131), adult psychiatrists (n = 27), and child neurologists (n = 2)] perceive the DSM-5-Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome (DSM-5-APS), and their clinical routine practice in the treatment of it. Three vignettes describing fictional cases presented with symptoms of either DSM-5-Schizophrenia, DSM-5-APS, and no psychotic symptoms were created. We asked these practitioners to apply a DSM-5 diagnosis and to choose appropriate treatment(s) for these vignettes. Of the responders, 43% correctly diagnosed the APS vignette, whereas 37.4% mentioned that it had a full-blown psychotic episode. Regarding the therapeutic approach for the APS vignette, 72.1% of all practitioners chose a psychopharmacological intervention and 32% individual psychotherapy. This study showed that the diagnostic inter-rater reliability of the DSM-5-APS among child/adolescent mental health practitioners was consistent with the results from the DSM-5 field trials (Kappa = 0.46). Moreover, almost three in four practitioners endorsed psychopharmacological intervention as a treatment option for the DSM-5-APS case. The lack of evidence of psychopharmacological interventions in CHR-P situations emphasizes that the least harmful interventions should be recommended. Thus, our findings indicated a need for raising awareness regarding the CHR-P paradigm and its treatment as well as the development of solid guidelines that can be implemented in clinical practice.
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Oxidative Stress and Emergence of Psychosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101870. [PMID: 36290593 PMCID: PMC9598314 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment and prevention strategies for schizophrenia require knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the psychotic transition. Increasing evidence suggests a redox imbalance in schizophrenia patients. This narrative review presents an overview of the scientific literature regarding blood oxidative stress markers’ evolution in the early stages of psychosis and chronic patients. Studies investigating peripheral levels of oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients, first episode of psychosis or UHR individuals were considered. A total of 76 peer-reviewed articles published from 1991 to 2022 on PubMed and EMBASE were included. Schizophrenia patients present with increased levels of oxidative damage to lipids in the blood, and decreased levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Genetic studies provide evidence for altered antioxidant functions in patients. Antioxidant blood levels are decreased before psychosis onset and blood levels of oxidative stress correlate with symptoms severity in patients. Finally, adjunct treatment of antipsychotics with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine appears to be effective in schizophrenia patients. Further studies are required to assess its efficacy as a prevention strategy. Redox imbalance might contribute to the pathophysiology of emerging psychosis and could serve as a therapeutic target for preventive or adjunctive therapies, as well as biomarkers of disease progression.
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Benoit LJ, Canetta S, Kellendonk C. Thalamocortical Development: A Neurodevelopmental Framework for Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:491-500. [PMID: 35550792 PMCID: PMC9999366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability for the development of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes substantial maturation during this period, and PFC dysfunction is central to cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. As a result, impaired adolescent maturation of the PFC has been proposed as a mechanism in the etiology of the disorder and its cognitive symptoms. In adulthood, PFC function is tightly linked to its reciprocal connections with the thalamus, and acutely inhibiting thalamic inputs to the PFC produces impairments in PFC function and cognitive deficits. Here, we propose that thalamic activity is equally important during adolescence because it is required for proper PFC circuit development. Because thalamic abnormalities have been observed early in the progression of schizophrenia, we further postulate that adolescent thalamic dysfunction can have long-lasting consequences for PFC function and cognition in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Benoit
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Canetta
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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74
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Uliana DL, Zhu X, Gomes FV, Grace AA. Using animal models for the studies of schizophrenia and depression: The value of translational models for treatment and prevention. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:935320. [PMID: 36090659 PMCID: PMC9449416 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.935320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of psychiatric disorders have been highly effective in advancing the field, identifying circuits related to pathophysiology, and identifying novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we show how animal models, particularly those based on development, have provided essential information regarding circuits involved in disorders, disease progression, and novel targets for intervention and potentially prevention. Nonetheless, in recent years there has been a pushback, largely driven by the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), to shift away from animal models and instead focus on circuits in normal subjects. This has been driven primarily from a lack of discovery of new effective therapeutic targets, and the failure of targets based on preclinical research to show efficacy. We discuss why animal models of complex disorders, when strongly cross-validated by clinical research, are essential to understand disease etiology as well as pathophysiology, and direct new drug discovery. Issues related to shortcomings in clinical trial design that confound translation from animal models as well as the failure to take patient pharmacological history into account are proposed to be a source of the failure of what are likely effective compounds from showing promise in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L. Uliana
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Felipe V. Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anthony A. Grace,
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75
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de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Vellucci L, Mazza B, Austin MC, Iasevoli F, Ciccarelli M. Linking Inflammation, Aberrant Glutamate-Dopamine Interaction, and Post-synaptic Changes: Translational Relevance for Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Treatment: a Systematic Review. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6460-6501. [PMID: 35963926 PMCID: PMC9463235 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical, preclinical, and post-mortem studies supports the inflammatory/immune hypothesis of schizophrenia pathogenesis. Less evident is the link between the inflammatory background and two well-recognized functional and structural findings of schizophrenia pathophysiology: the dopamine-glutamate aberrant interaction and the alteration of dendritic spines architecture, both believed to be the “quantal” elements of cortical-subcortical dysfunctional network. In this systematic review, we tried to capture the major findings linking inflammation, aberrant glutamate-dopamine interaction, and post-synaptic changes under a direct and inverse translational perspective, a paramount picture that at present is lacking. The inflammatory effects on dopaminergic function appear to be bidirectional: the inflammation influences dopamine release, and dopamine acts as a regulator of discrete inflammatory processes involved in schizophrenia such as dysregulated interleukin and kynurenine pathways. Furthermore, the link between inflammation and glutamate is strongly supported by clinical studies aimed at exploring overactive microglia in schizophrenia patients and maternal immune activation models, indicating impaired glutamate regulation and reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function. In addition, an inflammatory/immune-induced alteration of post-synaptic density scaffold proteins, crucial for downstream NMDAR signaling and synaptic efficacy, has been demonstrated. According to these findings, a significant increase in plasma inflammatory markers has been found in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, associated with reduced cortical integrity and functional connectivity, relevant to the cognitive deficit of schizophrenia. Finally, the link between altered inflammatory/immune responses raises relevant questions regarding potential new therapeutic strategies specifically for those forms of schizophrenia that are resistant to canonical antipsychotics or unresponsive to clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazza
- Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mark C Austin
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Program, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University (ISU), Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ciccarelli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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76
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Facal F, Arrojo M, Paz E, Páramo M, Costas J. Association between psychiatric hospitalizations of patients with schizophrenia and polygenic risk scores based on genes with altered expression by antipsychotics. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 146:139-150. [PMID: 35582973 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether a schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) based on the subset of polymorphisms that affect brain expression of genes with altered expression by antipsychotics (exprAP PRS) is associated with psychiatric readmission of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS The study involved 427 patients with schizophrenia. Genes with altered expression by antipsychotics were extracted from the Comparative Toxigenomics Database. ExprAP PRS was estimated using the clumping and thresholding (p < 0.05) method. Two additional PRS were tested based on subsets of exprAP polymorphisms whose schizophrenia risk allele has the same (unrestored PRS) or opposite (restored PRS) direction of effect on gene expression than antipsychotics. A general SCZ PRS was tested for comparison. Logistic and ordinal regression were used to test for association of each PRS with ever readmission and admission history, an outcome based on length and number of admissions, respectively. Webgestalt was used for Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. RESULTS ExprAP PRS was associated with ever readmission (OR = 1.48, 95%CI:1.10-1.97) and admission history (OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.07-1.57). SCZ PRS (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48) and unrestored PRS (OR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.04-1.53) were only associated with admission history. Genes at exprAP PRS were enriched in regulation of cytokine production. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PRS based on genes with altered expression by antipsychotics may be better predictors of readmission than SCZ PRS, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts of patients. The action of antipsychotics may be related to brain gene expression, mainly in genes involved in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Facal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Paz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Mario Páramo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Javier Costas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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77
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Garcia-Partida JA, Torres-Sanchez S, MacDowell K, Fernández-Ponce MT, Casas L, Mantell C, Soto-Montenegro ML, Romero-Miguel D, Lamanna-Rama N, Leza JC, Desco M, Berrocoso E. The effects of mango leaf extract during adolescence and adulthood in a rat model of schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:886514. [PMID: 35959428 PMCID: PMC9360613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.886514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that in schizophrenia, imbalances in inflammatory and oxidative processes occur during pregnancy and in the early postnatal period, generating interest in the potential therapeutic efficacy of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. Mangiferin is a polyphenolic compound abundant in the leaves of Mangifera indica L. that has robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential candidate for preventive or co-adjuvant therapy in schizophrenia. Hence, this study set-out to evaluate the effect of mango leaf extract (MLE) in a model of schizophrenia based on maternal immune activation, in which Poly I:C (4 mg/kg) is administered intravenously to pregnant rats. Young adult (postnatal day 60–70) or adolescent (postnatal day 35–49) male offspring received MLE (50 mg/kg of mangiferin) daily, and the effects of MLE in adolescence were compared to those of risperidone, assessing behavior, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and oxidative/inflammatory and antioxidant mediators in the adult offspring. MLE treatment in adulthood reversed the deficit in prepulse inhibition (PPI) but it failed to attenuate the sensitivity to amphetamine and the deficit in novel object recognition (NOR) induced. By contrast, adolescent MLE treatment prevented the sensorimotor gating deficit in the PPI test, producing an effect similar to that of risperidone. This MLE treatment also produced a reduction in grooming behavior, but it had no effect on anxiety or novel object recognition memory. MRI studies revealed that adolescent MLE administration partially counteracted the cortical shrinkage, and cerebellum and ventricle enlargement. In addition, MLE administration in adolescence reduced iNOS mediated inflammatory activation and it promoted the expression of biomarkers of compensatory antioxidant activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as witnessed through the reduction of Keap1 and the accumulation of NRF2 and HO1. Together, these findings suggest that MLE might be an alternative therapeutic or preventive add-on strategy to improve the clinical expression of schizophrenia in adulthood, while also modifying the time course of this disease at earlier stages in populations at high-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Garcia-Partida
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sonia Torres-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina MacDowell
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Institute of Research in Neurochemistry IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Casas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Science Faculty, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Casimiro Mantell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Science Faculty, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Romero-Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Leza
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Institute of Research in Neurochemistry IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther Berrocoso,
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78
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Lago SG, Tomasik J, van Rees GF, Rustogi N, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Papiol S, Suarez-Pinilla P, Crespo-Facorro B, Bahn S. Peripheral lymphocyte signaling pathway deficiencies predict treatment response in first-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:37-49. [PMID: 35381347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a major cause of disability worldwide, the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and molecular basis of treatment response heterogeneity continue to be unresolved. Recent evidence suggests that multiple aspects of pathophysiology, including genetic risk factors, converge on key cell signaling pathways and that exploration of peripheral blood cells might represent a practical window into cell signaling alterations in the disease state. We employed multiplexed phospho-specific flow cytometry to examine cell signaling epitope expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subtypes in drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 49) relative to controls (n = 61) and relate these changes to serum immune response proteins, schizophrenia polygenic risk scores and clinical effects of treatment, including drug response and side effects, over the longitudinal course of antipsychotic treatment. This revealed both previously characterized (Akt1) and novel cell signaling epitopes (IRF-7 (pS477/pS479), CrkL (pY207), Stat3 (pS727), Stat3 (pY705) and Stat5 (pY694)) across PBMC subtypes which were associated with schizophrenia at disease onset, and correlated with type I interferon-related serum molecules CD40 and CXCL11. Alterations in Akt1 and IRF-7 (pS477/pS479) were additionally associated with polygenic risk of schizophrenia. Finally, changes in Akt1, IRF-7 (pS477/pS479) and Stat3 (pS727) predicted development of metabolic and cardiovascular side effects following antipsychotic treatment, while IRF-7 (pS477/pS479) and Stat3 (pS727) predicted early improvements in general psychopathology scores measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). These findings suggest that peripheral blood cells can provide an accessible surrogate model for intracellular signaling alterations in schizophrenia and have the potential to stratify subgroups of patients with different clinical outcomes or a greater risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular side effects following antipsychotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago G Lago
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Tomasik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geertje F van Rees
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nitin Rustogi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Paula Suarez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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79
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Orfeuvre E, Franck N, Plasse J, Haesebaert F. Mental well-being in young people with psychiatric disorders during the early phase of COVID-19 lockdown. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270644. [PMID: 35771900 PMCID: PMC9246141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health and well-being were seriously impacted by the COVID-19 lockdown especially among young people and people with psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to identify factors associated with well-being in young people with psychiatric disorders, during early phase of COVID-19 lockdown in France. Methods A national cross-sectional online study started on the 8th day of COVID-19 lockdown in France (during March 25–30, 2020). We included young people aged from 16 to 29 who responded to the questionnaire, living and being confined in France, with past or current psychiatric treatment. The questionnaire was accessible online and explored demographics and clinical factors, well-being, stress, situation during lockdown. Well-being was measured by the Warwick-Edinburg Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were carried out. Results 439 individuals were included with 262 (59.7%) previously treated and 177 (40.3%) currently treated. WEMWBS total score were 42.48 (9.05). Feeling of useful was the most affected dimension. Well-being was positively correlated with: currently working on site, physical activity, abilities to cope with difficulties, family and social supports (p<0.05). It was negatively correlated with: elevated stress level, anxious ruminations, dissatisfaction with information, difficulties to sleep or reorganize daily life, feeling supported by medicines (p<0.05). No individual factor was correlated with well-being. The stepwise linear multivariate model had simple R2 coefficient of determination of 0.535. Conclusion In the specific population of young people with psychiatric disorders, factors associated with well-being at early stage of lockdown were mainly psychosocial and related to brutal disorganisation of daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Orfeuvre
- Centre Ressource de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Franck
- Centre Ressource de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
- CH Le Vinatier, Pôle Centre Rive Gauche, Bron, France
- UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Plasse
- Centre Ressource de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Haesebaert
- SUR-CL3R-PEPS, CH Vinatier, Bron, Rhône-Alpes, France
- INSERM U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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80
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Cervenka S, Frick A, Bodén R, Lubberink M. Application of positron emission tomography in psychiatry-methodological developments and future directions. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:248. [PMID: 35701411 PMCID: PMC9198063 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders represent an increasing source of disability and high costs for societies globally. Molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) represent powerful tools with the potential to advance knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, allowing the development of new treatment approaches. Thus far, most PET research on pathophysiology in psychiatric disorders has focused on the monoaminergic neurotransmission systems, and although a series of discoveries have been made, the results have not led to any material changes in clinical practice. We outline areas of methodological development that can address some of the important obstacles to fruitful progress. First, we point towards new radioligands and targets that can lead to the identification of processes upstream, or parallel to disturbances in monoaminergic systems. Second, we describe the development of new methods of PET data quantification and PET systems that may facilitate research in psychiatric populations. Third, we review the application of multimodal imaging that can link molecular imaging data to other aspects of brain function, thus deepening our understanding of disease processes. Fourth, we highlight the need to develop imaging study protocols to include longitudinal and interventional paradigms, as well as frameworks to assess dimensional symptoms such that the field can move beyond cross-sectional studies within current diagnostic boundaries. Particular effort should be paid to include also the most severely ill patients. Finally, we discuss the importance of harmonizing data collection and promoting data sharing to reach the desired sample sizes needed to fully capture the phenotype of psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cervenka
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Frick
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Bodén
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Palomar-Ciria N, Cegla-Schvartzman F, Bello HJ, Martínez-Alés G, Migoya-Borja M, Baca-García E. Diagnostic stability of schizophrenia in clinical settings: An observational study of 198,289 patient/years. Schizophr Res 2022; 244:81-83. [PMID: 35643038 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo J Bello
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Alés
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; CAUSALab, Harvard T. H. School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ (Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Migoya-Borja
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital General de Villalba, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Spain; Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile; Department of Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, France.
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82
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Ortiz BB, Gadelha A, Bressan RA. Should we rethink how we introduce schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 2022; 244:134. [PMID: 35661551 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bertolucci Ortiz
- Group of Resistant Schizophrenia (GER), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), SP, Brazil; Schizophrenia Program (Proesq), Unifesp, SP, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Unifesp, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Group of Resistant Schizophrenia (GER), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), SP, Brazil; Schizophrenia Program (Proesq), Unifesp, SP, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Unifesp, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- Group of Resistant Schizophrenia (GER), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), SP, Brazil; Schizophrenia Program (Proesq), Unifesp, SP, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Unifesp, SP, Brazil
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83
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de Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Calì C, Petrelli F, Bezzi P. Emerging evidence for astrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia. Glia 2022; 70:1585-1604. [PMID: 35634946 PMCID: PMC9544982 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic mental health disorder whose heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background influences early brain development, and whose precise etiology is still poorly understood. Schizophrenia is not characterized by gross brain pathology, but involves subtle pathological changes in neuronal populations and glial cells. Among the latter, astrocytes critically contribute to the regulation of early neurodevelopmental processes, and any dysfunctions in their morphological and functional maturation may lead to aberrant neurodevelopmental processes involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission. Studies of the mechanisms regulating astrocyte maturation may therefore improve our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corrado Calì
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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84
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Zhang J, Yin Y, Gao Y, Zhang M. Bioinformatics-based screening of key genes between maternal preeclampsia and offspring schizophrenia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 615:1-8. [PMID: 35597180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest an association between schizophrenia and prenatal neurodevelopmental disorders. Preeclampsia is a multisystem disease based on the coexistence of pregnancy and elevated blood pressure, which increases the risk for offspring abnormal neurodevelopment. Previous studies have showed maternal preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of offspring schizophrenia, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we sought to identify key protein-coding genes between maternal preeclampsia and offspring schizophrenia. GSE53987 and GSE166846 datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analysed to obtain common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between preeclampsia and schizophrenia. GSE62105 dataset was analysed to identify the DEGs' expressions in neural cells from one control and one schizophrenic patient. GSE92845 dataset was analysed to describe the changes of the DEGs in human neural stem cells. In total, we obtained ten common DEGs. All of them expressed differently in neural cells of the control and schizophrenic patient. We chose the six DEGs that had similar trend in both neural cells and UCB from preeclampsia patients and analysed their expressions in human neural stem cells over time. We found the expressions of CKAP5 and SAT1 in day 30 had significant difference comparing with those in day 0. The KEGG pathway analysis of their interaction proteins showed they were involved with metabolism. Our results may provide a new insight for genetic basis of relationship between maternal preeclampsia and offspring schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yangxue Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijie Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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85
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The role of BDNF and NGF plasma levels in first-episode schizophrenia: A longitudinal study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 57:105-117. [PMID: 35219096 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins have been proposed to be involved in biological mechanisms which might underlie different clinical outcomes in schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to examine the BDNF/NGF plasma levels in a cohort of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients in remission as potential biological predictors of relapse; to study the associations between these neurotrophins and the symptomatology severity through different stages after a FES in two independent cohorts. 2EPs-Cohort: 69 first-episode in clinical remission were included. BDNF/NGF plasma levels and symptom severity were measured at enrollment and at 3-year or at the time of the second episode/relapse. FLAMM-PEPs-Cohort: 65 first-episodes were also included. BDNF/NGF and symptom severity were obtained at enrollment and 2-year follow-up. Symptomatology was assessed with the Marder-PANSS-Factor scores. Plasma neurotrophins did not differ significantly over time and neither BDNF/NGF were predictors of relapse. Besides, in remission stages, baseline BDNF levels showed significant correlations with both positive and negative symptoms (p<0.05); NGF, with negative symptomatology (p<0.01). Similarly, in the FLAMM-PEPs-Cohort, baseline BDNF/NGF levels showed significant correlations with negative symptoms (and not positive symptomatology) at follow-up (p<0.05). In both cohorts, lower levels correlated with higher symptom severity. Findings did not support a role for BDNF/NGF plasma levels as biomarkers of relapse in FES patients. Nevertheless, baseline BDNF/NGF may lead to be considered potentially useful biomarkers of long-term severity in schizophrenia and of the underlying illness traits, specially of negative symptomatology severity. More longitudinal studies in FES samples and adding a control group are warranted to replicate these findings.
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86
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Mathematical Model Insights into EEG Origin under Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in the Context of Psychosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071845. [PMID: 35407453 PMCID: PMC8999473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disease that develops progressively over years with a transition from prodromal to psychotic state associated with a disruption in brain activity. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), known to alleviate pharmaco-resistant symptoms in patients suffering from schizophrenia, promises to prevent such a psychotic transition. To understand better how tDCS affects brain activity, we propose a neural cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuit model involving the Ascending Reticular Arousal System (ARAS) that permits to describe major impact features of tDCS, such as excitability for short-duration stimulation and electroencephalography (EEG) power modulation for long-duration stimulation. To this end, the mathematical model relates stimulus duration and Long-Term Plasticity (LTP) effect, in addition to describing the temporal LTP decay after stimulus offset. This new relation promises to optimize future stimulation protocols. Moreover, we reproduce successfully EEG-power modulation under tDCS in a ketamine-induced psychosis model and confirm the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction hypothesis in the etiopathophysiology of schizophrenia. The model description points to an important role of the ARAS and the δ-rhythm synchronicity in CTC circuit in early-stage psychosis.
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87
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Bioinformatics and Network-based Approaches for Determining Pathways, Signature Molecules, and Drug Substances connected to Genetic Basis of Schizophrenia etiology. Brain Res 2022; 1785:147889. [PMID: 35339428 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of heterogeneous etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZP) is reasonably inadequate and non-deterministic due to its inherent complexity and underlying vast dynamics related to genetic mechanisms. The evolution of large-scale transcriptome-wide datasets and subsequent development of relevant, robust technologies for their analyses show promises toward elucidating the genetic basis of disease pathogenesis, its early risk prediction, and predicting drug molecule targets for therapeutic intervention. In this research, we have scrutinized the genetic basis of SZP through functional annotation and network-based system biology approaches. We have determined 96 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 2 microarray datasets and subsequently identified their interconnecting networks to reveal transcriptome signatures like hub proteins (FYN, RAD51, SOCS3, XIAP, AKAP13, PIK3C2A, CBX5, GATA3, EIF3K, and CDKN2B), transcription factors and miRNAs. In addition, we have employed gene set enrichment to highlight significant gene ontology (e.g., positive regulation of microglial cell activation) and relevant pathways (such as axon guidance and focal adhesion) interconnected to the genes associated with SZP. Finally, we have suggested candidate drug substances like Luteolin HL60 UP as a possible therapeutic target based on these key molecular signatures.
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88
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Guo B, Jiang T, Wu F, Ni H, Ye J, Wu X, Ni C, Jiang M, Ye L, Li Z, Zheng X, Li S, Yang Q, Wang Z, Huang X, Zhao C. LncRNA RP5-998N21.4 promotes immune defense through upregulation of IFIT2 and IFIT3 in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:11. [PMID: 35232977 PMCID: PMC8888552 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex polygenic disease that is affected by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. Accumulating evidence indicates that environmental factors such as maternal infection and excessive prenatal neuroinflammation may contribute to the onset of schizophrenia by affecting epigenetic modification. We recently identified a schizophrenia-associated upregulated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) RP5-998N21.4 by transcriptomic analysis of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Importantly, we found that genes coexpressed with RP5-998N21.4 were enriched in immune defense-related biological processes in twin subjects and in RP5-998N21.4-overexpressing (OE) SK-N-SH cell lines. We then identified two genes encoding an interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeat (IFIT) 2 and 3, which play an important role in immune defense, as potential targets of RP5-998N21.4 by integrative analysis of RP5-998N21.4OE-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SK-N-SH cells and RP5-998N21.4-coexpressed schizophrenia-associated DEGs from twin subjects. We further demonstrated that RP5-998N21.4 positively regulates the transcription of IFIT2 and IFIT3 by binding to their promoter regions and affecting their histone modifications. In addition, as a general nuclear coactivator, RMB14 (encoding RNA binding motif protein 14) was identified to facilitate the regulatory role of RP5-998N21.4 in IFIT2 and IFIT3 transcription. Finally, we observed that RP5-998N21.4OE can enhance IFIT2- and IFIT3-mediated immune defense responses through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway in U251 astrocytoma cells under treatment with the viral mimetic polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Taken together, our findings suggest that lncRNA RP5-998N21.4 is a critical regulator of immune defense, providing etiological and therapeutic implications for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingyun Jiang
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Ni
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junping Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoying Ni
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meijun Jiang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianzhen Zheng
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufen Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongju Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingbing Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cunyou Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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89
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Mealer RG, Williams SE, Noel M, Yang B, D’Souza AK, Nakata T, Graham DB, Creasey EA, Cetinbas M, Sadreyev RI, Scolnick EM, Woo CM, Smoller JW, Xavier RJ, Cummings RD. The schizophrenia-associated variant in SLC39A8 alters protein glycosylation in the mouse brain. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1405-1415. [PMID: 35260802 PMCID: PMC9106890 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A missense mutation (A391T) in SLC39A8 is strongly associated with schizophrenia in genomic studies, though the molecular connection to the brain is unknown. Human carriers of A391T have reduced serum manganese, altered plasma glycosylation, and brain MRI changes consistent with altered metal transport. Here, using a knock-in mouse model homozygous for A391T, we show that the schizophrenia-associated variant changes protein glycosylation in the brain. Glycosylation of Asn residues in glycoproteins (N-glycosylation) was most significantly impaired, with effects differing between regions. RNAseq analysis showed negligible regional variation, consistent with changes in the activity of glycosylation enzymes rather than gene expression. Finally, nearly one-third of detected glycoproteins were differentially N-glycosylated in the cortex, including members of several pathways previously implicated in schizophrenia, such as cell adhesion molecules and neurotransmitter receptors that are expressed across all cell types. These findings provide a mechanistic link between a risk allele and potentially reversible biochemical changes in the brain, furthering our molecular understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and a novel opportunity for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA.,Corresponding Author: Robert Gene Mealer, M.D., Ph.D., Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02114,
| | - Sarah E. Williams
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maxence Noel
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Toru Nakata
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel B. Graham
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Creasey
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward M. Scolnick
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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90
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Schoretsanitis G, Kane JM, Correll CU, Rubio JM. Predictors of Lack of Relapse After Random Discontinuation of Oral and Long-acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Clinically Stabilized Patients with Schizophrenia: A Re-analysis of Individual Participant Data. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:296-306. [PMID: 34355232 PMCID: PMC8886604 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the risk and predictors of relapse among individuals with schizophrenia randomly withdrawn from antipsychotic maintenance treatment. METHODS We re-analyzed time-to-event and baseline predictors from placebo arms in five placebo-controlled randomized trials of antipsychotics (n = 688 individuals; 173 stabilized on oral antipsychotic [OAP] and 515 on long-acting injectables [LAI]) for relapse-prevention available in the Yale Open Data Access repository. Using a survival and Cox-proportional hazards regression analyses, we estimated survival rates of "relapse-free" individuals by the end of follow-up (median = 118 days, IQR = 52.0-208.0), the rate of study-confirmed relapse, and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR, 95% confidence intervals [CI]) associated with baseline predictors. We also estimated these parameters for individuals followed for >5 half-lives of the stabilizing antipsychotic, and studied predictors of "rebound psychosis" in OAP-stabilized participants, defined as occurring within 30 days of antipsychotic withdrawal. RESULTS 29.9% (95%CI = 23.2-38.5) remained relapse-free by the end of follow-up, 11.1% (95%CI = 5.65-21.9) among those OAP-stabilized, 36.4% (95%CI = 28.4-46.7) among those LAI-stabilized. The study-confirmed relapse rate was 45.2%, 62.4% among those OAP-stabilized and 39.4% among those LAI-stabilized. Predictors of relapse included smoking (aHR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.19-2.00), female sex (aHR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.08-1.79), and having been stabilized on OAPs vs LAIs (aHR = 3.56, 95%CI = 2.68-4.72). Greater risk of relapse on OAP persisted even after sufficient time had elapsed to clear antipsychotic plasma level among LAI-stabilized (aHR = 5.0, 95%CI = 3.5-7.1). "Rebound psychosis" did not show predictors. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results corroborate the high relapse risk following antipsychotic withdrawal after symptom stabilization with limited patient-related predictors of safe treatment discontinuation. Stabilization with LAIs reduces the short-/medium-term relapse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Schoretsanitis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jose M Rubio
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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91
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Systematic literature review of schizophrenia clinical practice guidelines on acute and maintenance management with antipsychotics. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:5. [PMID: 35210430 PMCID: PMC8873492 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) translate evidence into recommendations to improve patient care and outcomes. To provide an overview of schizophrenia CPGs, we conducted a systematic literature review of English-language CPGs and synthesized current recommendations for the acute and maintenance management with antipsychotics. Searches for schizophrenia CPGs were conducted in MEDLINE/Embase from 1/1/2004–12/19/2019 and in guideline websites until 06/01/2020. Of 19 CPGs, 17 (89.5%) commented on first-episode schizophrenia (FES), with all recommending antipsychotic monotherapy, but without agreement on preferred antipsychotic. Of 18 CPGs commenting on maintenance therapy, 10 (55.6%) made no recommendations on the appropriate maximum duration of maintenance therapy, noting instead individualization of care. Eighteen (94.7%) CPGs commented on long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs), mainly in cases of nonadherence (77.8%), maintenance care (72.2%), or patient preference (66.7%), with 5 (27.8%) CPGs recommending LAIs for FES. For treatment-resistant schizophrenia, 15/15 CPGs recommended clozapine. Only 7/19 (38.8%) CPGs included a treatment algorithm.
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92
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Bai D, Yao W, Wang S, Wang J. Multiscale Weighted Permutation Entropy Analysis of Schizophrenia Magnetoencephalograms. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24030314. [PMID: 35327825 PMCID: PMC8946927 DOI: 10.3390/e24030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disease that affects the nonlinear dynamics of brain activity. The primary objective of this study was to explore the complexity of magnetoencephalograms (MEG) in patients with schizophrenia. We combined a multiscale method and weighted permutation entropy to characterize MEG signals from 19 schizophrenia patients and 16 healthy controls. When the scale was larger than 42, the MEG signals of schizophrenia patients were significantly more complex than those of healthy controls (p<0.004). The difference in complexity between patients with schizophrenia and the controls was strongest in the frontal and occipital areas (p<0.001), and there was almost no difference in the central area. In addition, the results showed that the dynamic range of MEG complexity is wider in healthy individuals than in people with schizophrenia. Overall, the multiscale weighted permutation entropy method reliably quantified the complexity of MEG from schizophrenia patients, contributing to the development of potential magnetoencephalographic biomarkers for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxuan Bai
- School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China;
| | - Wenpo Yao
- Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Shuwang Wang
- School of Electronic Information, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technolog, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Jun Wang
- Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (J.W.)
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93
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Cheng P, Zhang R, Shan S, Yuan B, Chen J, Qiu Z, Du Y. Novel IL1RAP mutation associated with schizophrenia interferes with neuronal growth and related NF-κB signal pathways. Neurosci Lett 2022; 775:136533. [PMID: 35181481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex, severe psychiatric disorder with a high heritability that affects approximately 1% of the world's population. Numerous schizophrenia-related risk genes have been reported in large-scale studies, but the role of most genetic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the disease is still obscure. In this study, using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel nonsense mutation c.1324C>T in the Interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) gene in four affected individuals with schizophrenia of a Chinese family.IL1RAP was found involved in initiating the immune responses and regulating synaptic formation. Considering that schizophrenia has been hypothesized to be neurodevelopment disorder for decades, we further explored the influence of altered expression of IL1RAP gene on neuronal growth, and assessed whether this mutation affects the function of IL1RAP protein in IL-1 signaling pathway. We used lentivirus-mediated shRNA to knockdown the IL1RAP gene expression, which suppressed the axon and dendrites growth of cultured mouse cortical neurons. These defects can be recovered by human IL1RAP wild type construct, but not the R442* mutant construct. Furthermore, this mutant even inhibited neuronal growth and IL-1β-induced JNK phosphorylation when overexpressed in cortical neurons. Although overexpression of this mutant in HePG2 cells did not change IL1RAP protein expression, it partially prohibited the IL-1β-induced nuclear translocation of transcript factor NF-κB, indicating that IL1RAP c.1324C>T is a loss-of-function mutation. Our findings show that IL1RAP plays an important role in early stages of neurodevelopment, and the mutation c.1324C>T may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shifang Shan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031,China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031,China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Institutes for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031,China.
| | - Yasong Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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94
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Hettwer MD, Lancaster TM, Raspor E, Hahn PK, Mota NR, Singer W, Reif A, Linden DEJ, Bittner RA. Evidence From Imaging Resilience Genetics for a Protective Mechanism Against Schizophrenia in the Ventral Visual Pathway. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:551-562. [PMID: 35137221 PMCID: PMC9077432 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Illuminating neurobiological mechanisms underlying the protective effect of recently discovered common genetic resilience variants for schizophrenia is crucial for more effective prevention efforts. Current models implicate adaptive neuroplastic changes in the visual system and their pro-cognitive effects as a schizophrenia resilience mechanism. We investigated whether common genetic resilience variants might affect brain structure in similar neural circuits. METHOD Using structural magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the impact of an established schizophrenia polygenic resilience score (PRSResilience) on cortical volume, thickness, and surface area in 101 healthy subjects and in a replication sample of 33 224 healthy subjects (UK Biobank). FINDING We observed a significant positive whole-brain correlation between PRSResilience and cortical volume in the right fusiform gyrus (FFG) (r = 0.35; P = .0004). Post-hoc analyses in this cluster revealed an impact of PRSResilience on cortical surface area. The replication sample showed a positive correlation between PRSResilience and global cortical volume and surface area in the left FFG. CONCLUSION Our findings represent the first evidence of a neurobiological correlate of a genetic resilience factor for schizophrenia. They support the view that schizophrenia resilience emerges from strengthening neural circuits in the ventral visual pathway and an increased capacity for the disambiguation of social and nonsocial visual information. This may aid psychosocial functioning, ameliorate the detrimental effects of subtle perceptual and cognitive disturbances in at-risk individuals, and facilitate coping with the cognitive and psychosocial consequences of stressors. Our results thus provide a novel link between visual cognition, the vulnerability-stress concept, and schizophrenia resilience models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike D Hettwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Max Planck School of Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas M Lancaster
- School of Psychology, Bath University, Bath, UK,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eva Raspor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter K Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolf Singer
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research (MPI BR), Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Bittner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; tel: 69-6301-84713, fax: 69-6301-81775, e-mail:
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95
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Oliveras I, Soria-Ruiz O, Sampedro-Viana D, Cañete T, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Social preference in Roman rats: age and sex variations relevance for modeling negative schizophrenia-like features. Physiol Behav 2022; 247:113722. [PMID: 35077728 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Social withdrawal is one of the most relevant negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Animal models that mimic schizophrenia's symptoms, in general, and negative symptoms, in particular, are difficult to develop because of the high complexity of symptoms and neurochemical disturbances that schizophrenia patients display throughout their lives. In recent years we have shown that Roman High- Avoidance (RHA) rats exhibit some phenotypes that are thought to represent positive symptoms, cognitive/attentional symptoms, as well as some negative symptoms of the disease. In the present study, we aimed at elucidating whether the social interaction (SI) deficits exhibited by adult male RHA rats, compared to their Roman Low-Avoidance (RLA) counterparts, are also present during adolescence, as well as whether there are between-strain differences in adolescent and adult female rats. The results of the present study show that adult male RHA rats exhibited a deficit in social preference compared to their RLA counterparts. Such a deficit was not observed in adolescent RHA rats or female rats of any age. The results also show that the adult male rats of both strains had significant decreases in social preference compared to the adolescent male rats. Additionally, we also show that female adult RHA rats have greater social preference than their male counterparts. These results seem to be in line with previous rodent and human studies and add face validity to the RHA rats as a model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - OscarJ Soria-Ruiz
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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96
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Cannabidiol but not cannabidiolic acid reduces behavioural sensitisation to methamphetamine in rats, at pharmacologically effective doses. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1593-1603. [PMID: 35435462 PMCID: PMC9110442 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) are non-psychoactive components of the cannabis plant. CBD has been well characterised to have anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity, whereas the behavioural effects of CBDA are less clear. Preclinical and clinical data suggests that CBD has antipsychotic properties and reduces methamphetamine self-administration in rats. An animal model that is commonly used to mimic the neurochemical changes underlying psychosis and drug dependence is methamphetamine (METH) sensitisation, where repeated administration of the psychostimulant progressively increases the locomotor effects of METH. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether CBD or CBDA attenuate METH-induced sensitisation of locomotor hyperactivity in rats. METHODS Eighty-six male Sprague Dawley rats underwent METH sensitisation protocol where they were subjected to daily METH (1 mg/kg on days 2 and 8, 5 mg/kg on days 3-7; i.p.) injections for 7 days. After 21 days of withdrawal, rats were given a prior injection of CBD (0, 40 and 80 mg/kg; i.p.) or CBDA (0, 0.1, 10 and 1000 µg/kg; i.p.) and challenged with acute METH (1 mg/kg; i.p.). Locomotor activity was then measured for 60 min. RESULTS Rats displayed robust METH sensitisation as evidenced by increased locomotor activity to METH challenge in METH-pretreated versus SAL-pretreated rats. CBD (40 and 80 mg/kg) reduced METH-induced sensitisation. There was no effect of any CBDA doses on METH sensitisation or acute METH-induced hyperactivity. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that CBD, but not CBDA, reduces METH sensitisation of locomotor activity in rats at pharmacologically effective doses, thus reinforcing evidence that CBD has anti-addiction and antipsychotic properties.
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97
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Reckziegel R, Czepielewski LS, Hasse-Sousa M, Martins DS, de Britto MJ, Lapa CDO, Schwartzhaupt AW, Gama CS. Heterogeneous trajectories in schizophrenia: insights from neurodevelopment and neuroprogression models. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2022; 44:74-80. [PMID: 33886948 PMCID: PMC8827372 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The notion that schizophrenia is a neuroprogressive disorder is based on clinical perception of cumulative impairments over time and is supported by neuroimaging and biomarker research. Nevertheless, increasing evidence has indicated that schizophrenia first emerges as a neurodevelopmental disorder that could follow various pathways, some of them neuroprogressive. The objective of this review is to revisit basic research on cognitive processes and neuroimaging findings in a search for candidate keys to the intricate connections between neurodevelopment and neuroprogression in schizophrenia. In the complete panorama, schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, possibly associated with an additional burden over the course of the disease through pathologically accelerated aging, and cognitive heterogeneity may explain the different trajectories of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Reckziegel
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia S. Czepielewski
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mathias Hasse-Sousa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dayane S. Martins
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria J. de Britto
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clara de O. Lapa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre W. Schwartzhaupt
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa S. Gama
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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98
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Reis J, Marchini S, Nicolis H, Delvenne V. Case report: From anxiety disorders to psychosis, a continuum in transitional age youth? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990138. [PMID: 36262636 PMCID: PMC9574323 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, among individuals meeting ultra-high risk criteria for psychosis, the relationship between the presence of anxiety disorders and the risk of psychotic transition raises several unanswered questions. CASE DESCRIPTION This case report describes the clinical progression of a 17-year-old male initially presenting anxious symptoms meeting the DSM-V criteria for panic disorder. The patient also reported social withdraw, mild depressive symptoms, insomnia and fatigue. Over a 6 month period, a gradual onset of subthreshold psychotic symptoms suggested a prodromal phase of a psychotic disorder. DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION A detailed assessment of UHR criteria for psychosis was performed. The overall level of social and occupational functioning was assessed by the SOFAS, which showed a 35% drop over a 12 months period. The CAARMS, has also been administered. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for UHR, APS group. The care plan included psychiatric follow-up, pharmacologic treatment, individual psychological follow-up and individual and familial psychoeducation. Over a 6 months period, the patient did not experienced a first psychotic episode and presented a partial improvement of psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSION The DSM-V categorical approach does not seem to adapt well to early clinical presentations in transitional age youth. A transdiagnostic and dimensional approach allows to better identify at-risk patients of psychiatric disorders and implement early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Team, Mental Health Service at Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simone Marchini
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hélène Nicolis
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Team, Mental Health Service at Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Delvenne
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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99
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Grent-'t-Jong T, Gajwani R, Gross J, Gumley AI, Lawrie SM, Schwannauer M, Schultze-Lutter F, Williams SR, Uhlhaas PJ. MR-Spectroscopy of GABA and Glutamate/Glutamine Concentrations in Auditory Cortex in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Individuals. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:859322. [PMID: 35422722 PMCID: PMC9002006 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.859322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis involves changes in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in auditory cortex that could be important for understanding sensory deficits and symptoms of psychosis. However, it is currently unclear whether such deficits are present in participants at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and whether they are associated with clinical outcomes. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MEGAPRESS, 1H-MRS at 3 Tesla) was used to estimate GABA, glutamate, and glutamate-plus-glutamine (Glx) levels in auditory cortex in a large sample of CHR-P (n = 99), CHR-N (clinical high-risk negative, n = 32), and 45 healthy controls. Examined were group differences in metabolite concentrations as well as relationships with clinical symptoms, general cognition, and 1-year follow-up clinical and general functioning in the CHR-P group. Results showed a marginal (p = 0.039) main group effect only for Glx, but not for GABA and glutamate concentrations, and only in left, not right, auditory cortex. This effect did not survive multiple comparison correction, however. Exploratory post-hoc tests revealed that there were significantly lower Glx levels (p = 0.029, uncorrected) in the CHR-P compared to the CHR-N group, but not relative to healthy controls (p = 0.058, uncorrected). Glx levels correlated with the severity of perceptual abnormalities and disorganized speech scores. However, in the CHR-P group, Glx levels did not predict clinical or functional outcomes. Accordingly, the findings from the present study suggest that MRS-measured GABA, glutamate and Glx levels in auditory cortex of CHR-P individuals are largely intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruchika Gajwani
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrew I Gumley
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen R Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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100
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Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, Salazar de Pablo G, Il Shin J, Kirkbride JB, Jones P, Kim JH, Kim JY, Carvalho AF, Seeman MV, Correll CU, Fusar-Poli P. Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:281-295. [PMID: 34079068 PMCID: PMC8960395 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 892] [Impact Index Per Article: 446.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Promotion of good mental health, prevention, and early intervention before/at the onset of mental disorders improve outcomes. However, the range and peak ages at onset for mental disorders are not fully established. To provide robust, global epidemiological estimates of age at onset for mental disorders, we conducted a PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review with meta-analysis of birth cohort/cross-sectional/cohort studies, representative of the general population, reporting age at onset for any ICD/DSM-mental disorders, identified in PubMed/Web of Science (up to 16/05/2020) (PROSPERO:CRD42019143015). Co-primary outcomes were the proportion of individuals with onset of mental disorders before age 14, 18, 25, and peak age at onset, for any mental disorder and across International Classification of Diseases 11 diagnostic blocks. Median age at onset of specific disorders was additionally investigated. Across 192 studies (n = 708,561) included, the proportion of individuals with onset of any mental disorders before the ages of 14, 18, 25 were 34.6%, 48.4%, 62.5%, and peak age was 14.5 years (k = 14, median = 18, interquartile range (IQR) = 11-34). For diagnostic blocks, the proportion of individuals with onset of disorder before the age of 14, 18, 25 and peak age were as follows: neurodevelopmental disorders: 61.5%, 83.2%, 95.8%, 5.5 years (k = 21, median=12, IQR = 7-16), anxiety/fear-related disorders: 38.1%, 51.8%, 73.3%, 5.5 years (k = 73, median = 17, IQR = 9-25), obsessive-compulsive/related disorders: 24.6%, 45.1%, 64.0%, 14.5 years (k = 20, median = 19, IQR = 14-29), feeding/eating disorders/problems: 15.8%, 48.1%, 82.4%, 15.5 years (k = 11, median = 18, IQR = 15-23), conditions specifically associated with stress disorders: 16.9%, 27.6%, 43.1%, 15.5 years (k = 16, median = 30, IQR = 17-48), substance use disorders/addictive behaviours: 2.9%, 15.2%, 48.8%, 19.5 years (k = 58, median = 25, IQR = 20-41), schizophrenia-spectrum disorders/primary psychotic states: 3%, 12.3%, 47.8%, 20.5 years (k = 36, median = 25, IQR = 20-34), personality disorders/related traits: 1.9%, 9.6%, 47.7%, 20.5 years (k = 6, median = 25, IQR = 20-33), and mood disorders: 2.5%, 11.5%, 34.5%, 20.5 years (k = 79, median = 31, IQR = 21-46). No significant difference emerged by sex, or definition of age of onset. Median age at onset for specific mental disorders mapped on a time continuum, from phobias/separation anxiety/autism spectrum disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/social anxiety (8-13 years) to anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa/obsessive-compulsive/binge eating/cannabis use disorders (17-22 years), followed by schizophrenia, personality, panic and alcohol use disorders (25-27 years), and finally post-traumatic/depressive/generalized anxiety/bipolar/acute and transient psychotic disorders (30-35 years), with overlap among groups and no significant clustering. These results inform the timing of good mental health promotion/preventive/early intervention, updating the current mental health system structured around a child/adult service schism at age 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Imaging Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Miriam Olivola
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Enrico Croce
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Livia Soardo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Peter Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
- CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
| | - Jae Han Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Yeob Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andrè F Carvalho
- IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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