51
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Molina-Jiménez F, Ugalde-Triviño L, Arias-González L, Relaño-Rupérez C, Casabona S, Pérez-Fernández MT, Martín-Domínguez V, Fernández-Pacheco J, Laserna-Mendieta EJ, Muñoz-Hernández P, Arias-Arias Á, Cano A, Muñoz J, Lucendo AJ, Santander C, Majano P. Proteomic analysis of the esophageal epithelium reveals key features of eosinophilic esophagitis pathophysiology. Allergy 2023; 78:2732-2744. [PMID: 37287363 DOI: 10.1111/all.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic non-IgE-mediated allergic disease of the esophagus. An unbiased proteomics approach was performed to investigate pathophysiological changes in esophageal epithelium. Additionally, an RNAseq-based transcriptomic analysis in paired samples was also carried out. METHODS Total proteins were purified from esophageal endoscopic biopsies in a cohort of adult EoE patients (n = 25) and healthy esophagus controls (n = 10). Differentially accumulated (DA) proteins in EoE patients compared to control tissues were characterized to identify altered biological processes and signaling pathways. Results were also compared with a quantitative proteome dataset of the human esophageal mucosa. Next, results were contrasted with those obtained after RNAseq analysis in paired samples. Finally, we matched up protein expression with two EoE-specific mRNA panels (EDP and Eso-EoE panel). RESULTS A total of 1667 proteins were identified, of which 363 were DA in EoE. RNA sequencing in paired samples identified 1993 differentially expressed (DE) genes. Total RNA and protein levels positively correlated, especially in DE mRNA-proteins pairs. Pathway analysis of these proteins in EoE showed alterations in immune and inflammatory responses for the upregulated proteins, and in epithelial differentiation, cornification and keratinization in those downregulated. Interestingly, a set of DA proteins, including eosinophil-related and secreted proteins, were not detected at the mRNA level. Protein expression positively correlated with EDP and Eso-EoE, and corresponded with the most abundant proteins of the human esophageal proteome. CONCLUSIONS We unraveled for the first time key proteomic features involved in EoE pathogenesis. An integrative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic datasets provides a deeper insight than transcriptomic alone into understanding complex disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Molina-Jiménez
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Ugalde-Triviño
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Arias-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Relaño-Rupérez
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Casabona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Pérez-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Martín-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Fernández-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio José Laserna-Mendieta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Arias-Arias
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | - Ainara Cano
- Food Research, AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Cell Signalling and Clinical Proteomics Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Lucendo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilio Santander
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Majano
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Plaza Moral V, Alobid I, Álvarez Rodríguez C, Blanco Aparicio M, Ferreira J, García G, Gómez-Outes A, Garín Escrivá N, Gómez Ruiz F, Hidalgo Requena A, Korta Murua J, Molina París J, Pellegrini Belinchón FJ, Plaza Zamora J, Praena Crespo M, Quirce Gancedo S, Sanz Ortega J, Soto Campos JG. GEMA 5.3. Spanish Guideline on the Management of Asthma. OPEN RESPIRATORY ARCHIVES 2023; 5:100277. [PMID: 37886027 PMCID: PMC10598226 DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2023.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Spanish Guideline on the Management of Asthma, better known by its acronym in Spanish GEMA, has been available for more than 20 years. Twenty-one scientific societies or related groups both from Spain and internationally have participated in the preparation and development of the updated edition of GEMA, which in fact has been currently positioned as the reference guide on asthma in the Spanish language worldwide. Its objective is to prevent and improve the clinical situation of people with asthma by increasing the knowledge of healthcare professionals involved in their care. Its purpose is to convert scientific evidence into simple and easy-to-follow practical recommendations. Therefore, it is not a monograph that brings together all the scientific knowledge about the disease, but rather a brief document with the essentials, designed to be applied quickly in routine clinical practice. The guidelines are necessarily multidisciplinary, developed to be useful and an indispensable tool for physicians of different specialties, as well as nurses and pharmacists. Probably the most outstanding aspects of the guide are the recommendations to: establish the diagnosis of asthma using a sequential algorithm based on objective diagnostic tests; the follow-up of patients, preferably based on the strategy of achieving and maintaining control of the disease; treatment according to the level of severity of asthma, using six steps from least to greatest need of pharmaceutical drugs, and the treatment algorithm for the indication of biologics in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma based on phenotypes. And now, in addition to that, there is a novelty for easy use and follow-up through a computer application based on the chatbot-type conversational artificial intelligence (ia-GEMA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isam Alobid
- Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, España
| | | | | | - Jorge Ferreira
- Hospital de São Sebastião – CHEDV, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | | | - Antonio Gómez-Outes
- Farmacología clínica, Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), Madrid, España
| | - Noé Garín Escrivá
- Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | | | | | - Javier Korta Murua
- Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San, Sebastián, España
| | - Jesús Molina París
- Medicina de familia, semFYC, Centro de Salud Francia, Fuenlabrada, Dirección Asistencial Oeste, Madrid, España
| | | | - Javier Plaza Zamora
- Farmacia comunitaria, Farmacia Dr, Javier Plaza Zamora, Mazarrón, Murcia, España
| | | | | | - José Sanz Ortega
- Alergología Pediátrica, Hospital Católico Universitario Casa de Salud, Valencia, España
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53
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Tasaki Y, Hamamoto S, Sugiyama Y, Tomiyama N, Naiki T, Etani T, Taguchi K, Matsuyama N, Sue Y, Mimura Y, Kubota H, Noda Y, Aoki M, Moritoki Y, Nozaki S, Kurokawa S, Okada A, Kawai N, Yasui T, Kimura K. Elevated eosinophils proportion as predictor of immune-related adverse events after ipilimumab and nivolumab treatment of advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Int J Urol 2023; 30:866-874. [PMID: 37278575 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ipilimumab and nivolumab treatment against advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) causes severe and lethal immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Predicting irAEs might improve clinical outcomes, however no practical biomarkers exist. This study examined whether eosinophils could be effective biomarkers for ≥grade 2 irAEs in RCC. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 75 patients with RCC treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab between August 2018 and March 2021 in a multicenter study. Eosinophils were examined before and 2 weeks after treatment, and immediately after irAEs development. The optimal cut-off value for ≥grade 2 irAEs was determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to identify predictors of ≥grade 2 irAEs. RESULTS Two weeks after treatment, eosinophils were significantly upregulated in patients who had experienced ≥grade 2 irAEs than in those who had not experienced irAEs (mean, 5.7% vs. 3.2%; p < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value for eosinophils against ≥grade 2 irAEs was 3.0% (area under the curve = 0.69). In multivariate analyses, an eosinophil level ≥ 3.0% was a risk factor for ≥grade 2 irAEs (odds ratio 4.18, 95% confidence interval 1.16-15.1). The eosinophil level 2 weeks after treatment was upregulated by the onset of any type of irAEs including endocrine, gastrointestinal, pulmonary and skin disorders. CONCLUSIONS An increased eosinophil level 2 weeks after treatment might be an effective biomarker for ≥grade 2 irAEs in patients with RCC treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Tasaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuzo Hamamoto
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nami Tomiyama
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Naiki
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiki Etani
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazumi Taguchi
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nayuka Matsuyama
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sue
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Mimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kubota
- Department of Urology, Kainan Hospital, Yatomi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Noda
- Department of Urology, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Maria Aoki
- Department of Urology, Nagoya East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Nozaki
- Department of Urology, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurokawa
- Department of Urology, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Kawai
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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54
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Shen K, Zhang M, Zhao R, Li Y, Li C, Hou X, Sun B, Liu B, Xiang M, Lin J. Eosinophil extracellular traps in asthma: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Respir Res 2023; 24:231. [PMID: 37752512 PMCID: PMC10523707 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with significant healthcare costs. Eosinophils, a type of immune cell, play a critical role in the development and progression of asthma. Eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) are reticular structures composed of DNA, histones, and granulins that eosinophils form and release into the extracellular space as part of the innate immune response. EETs have a protective effect by limiting the migration of pathogens and antimicrobial activity to a controlled range. However, chronic inflammation can lead to the overproduction of EETs, which can trigger and exacerbate allergic asthma. In this review, we examine the role of EETs in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlu Shen
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiheng Zhao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China.
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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55
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Pan Q, Chen C, Gong Z, Chen G, Yang Y. Development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is independent of eosinophils in a preclinical model. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1027. [PMID: 37773694 PMCID: PMC10523958 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has become a global health problem. HFpEF is characterized by systematic inflammation, cardiac metabolic remodeling, and fibrosis. Eosinophils act as an essential but generally overlooked subgroup of white blood cells, which participate in cardiac fibrosis, as reported in several recent studies. Herein, we explored the role of eosinophils in a "two-hit" preclinical HFpEF model. The peripheral eosinophil counts were comparable between the normal chow and HFpEF mice. Deficiency of eosinophils failed to alter the phenotype of HFpEF. Conclusively, the development of HFpEF is independent of eosinophils in terms of the functional, biochemical, and histological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhaoting Gong
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Guihao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuejin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Roth K, Gupta S, Paul V, Patel P. Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting as cardiac tamponade and multiorgan dysfunction. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e256274. [PMID: 37648281 PMCID: PMC10471846 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is characterised by the overproduction of eosinophils with tissue infiltration, leading to multiorgan dysfunction. Its heterogenous presentation makes the diagnosis challenging and easy to miss. A woman in her 70s was admitted with chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnostic testing showed elevated cardiac enzymes, an ejection fraction of 45% and pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis helped her symptoms significantly. Cardiac catheterisation revealed patent coronary arteries. She was diagnosed with myopericarditis and discharged on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. She returned the following week with worsening chest pain, dyspnoea and diarrhoea. Chest imaging showed bilateral infiltrates. Diagnostic testing showed eosinophilic predominance in peripheral blood (59%), pericardial fluid (37%) and bronchoalveolar lavage (31%). After a negative infectious workup, she was started on glucocorticoids and responded favourably. She was discharged on steroids. Mepolizumab was initiated outpatient, and steroids were discontinued. Mepolizumab was discontinued after 2 years while monitoring her symptoms and eosinophil counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Roth
- Internal Medicine, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sushan Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Vishesh Paul
- Pulmonary and critical care medicine, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Priyank Patel
- Hematology & Oncology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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57
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Jacobse J, Aziz Z, Sun L, Chaparro J, Pilat JM, Kwag A, Buendia M, Wimbiscus M, Nasu M, Saito T, Mine S, Orita H, Revetta F, Short SP, Kay Washington M, Hiremath G, Gibson MK, Coburn LA, Koyama T, Goettel JA, Williams CS, Choksi YA. Eosinophils Exert Antitumorigenic Effects in the Development of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:961-983. [PMID: 37574015 PMCID: PMC10630122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Eosinophils are present in several solid tumors and have context-dependent function. Our aim is to define the contribution of eosinophils in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), as their role in ESCC is unknown. METHODS Eosinophils were enumerated in tissues from 2 ESCC cohorts. Mice were treated with 4-NQO for 8 weeks to induce precancer or 16 weeks to induce carcinoma. The eosinophil number was modified by a monoclonal antibody to interleukin-5 (IL5mAb), recombinant IL-5 (rIL-5), or genetically with eosinophil-deficient (ΔdblGATA) mice or mice deficient in eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin-1 (Ccl11-/-). Esophageal tissue and eosinophil-specific RNA sequencing was performed to understand eosinophil function. Three-dimensional coculturing of eosinophils with precancer or cancer cells was done to ascertain direct effects of eosinophils. RESULTS Activated eosinophils are present in higher numbers in early-stage vs late-stage ESCC. Mice treated with 4-NQO exhibit more esophageal eosinophils in precancer vs cancer. Correspondingly, epithelial cell Ccl11 expression is higher in mice with precancer. Eosinophil depletion using 3 mouse models (Ccl11-/- mice, ΔdblGATA mice, IL5mAb treatment) all display exacerbated 4-NQO tumorigenesis. Conversely, treatment with rIL-5 increases esophageal eosinophilia and protects against precancer and carcinoma. Tissue and eosinophil RNA sequencing revealed eosinophils drive oxidative stress in precancer. In vitro coculturing of eosinophils with precancer or cancer cells resulted in increased apoptosis in the presence of a degranulating agent, which is reversed with NAC, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. ΔdblGATA mice exhibited increased CD4 T cell infiltration, IL-17, and enrichment of IL-17 protumorigenic pathways. CONCLUSION Eosinophils likely protect against ESCC through reactive oxygen species release during degranulation and suppression of IL-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jacobse
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zaryab Aziz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jasmine Chaparro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer M Pilat
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aaron Kwag
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew Buendia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mae Wimbiscus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Motomi Nasu
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; International Collaborative Research Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Mine
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Orita
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; International Collaborative Research Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frank Revetta
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sarah P Short
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Kay Washington
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Girish Hiremath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael K Gibson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tatsuki Koyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville Tennessee
| | - Yash A Choksi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Chang LA, Choi A, Rathnasinghe R, Warang P, Noureddine M, Jangra S, Chen Y, De Geest BG, Schotsaert M. Influenza breakthrough infection in vaccinated mice is characterized by non-pathological lung eosinophilia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217181. [PMID: 37600776 PMCID: PMC10437116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are important mediators of mucosal tissue homeostasis, anti-helminth responses, and allergy. Lung eosinophilia has previously been linked to aberrant Type 2-skewed T cell responses to respiratory viral infection and may also be a consequence of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD), particularly in the case of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine. We previously reported a dose-dependent recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs of mice vaccinated with alum-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) following a sublethal, vaccine-matched H1N1 (A/New Caledonia/20/1999; NC99) influenza challenge. Given the differential role of eosinophil subset on immune function, we conducted the investigations herein to phenotype the lung eosinophils observed in our model of influenza breakthrough infection. Here, we demonstrate that eosinophil influx into the lungs of vaccinated mice is adjuvant- and sex-independent, and only present after vaccine-matched sublethal influenza challenge but not in mock-challenged mice. Furthermore, vaccinated and challenged mice had a compositional shift towards more inflammatory eosinophils (iEos) compared to resident eosinophils (rEos), resembling the shift observed in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic control mice, however without any evidence of enhanced morbidity or aberrant inflammation in lung cytokine/chemokine signatures. Furthermore, we saw a lung eosinophil influx in the context of a vaccine-mismatched challenge. Additional layers of heterogeneity in the eosinophil compartment were observed via unsupervised clustering analysis of flow cytometry data. Our collective findings are a starting point for more in-depth phenotypic and functional characterization of lung eosinophil subsets in the context of vaccine- and infection-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Moataz Noureddine
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Macchia I, La Sorsa V, Urbani F, Moretti S, Antonucci C, Afferni C, Schiavoni G. Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170035. [PMID: 37483591 PMCID: PMC10358847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much as 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines and alarmins (such as IL-33), adhesion molecules and chemokines. Eosinophils play a prominent role in allergic asthma and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, they participate in the immune response against respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Notably, respiratory viruses are associated with asthma exacerbation. Eosinophils release several molecules endowed with antiviral activity, including cationic proteins, RNases and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. On the other hand, eosinophils release several cytokines involved in homeostasis maintenance and Th2-related inflammation. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence indicates that eosinophils can represent possible blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and severity prediction of disease. In particular, eosinopenia seems to be an indicator of severity among patients with COVID-19, whereas an increased eosinophil count is associated with a better prognosis, including a lower incidence of complications and mortality. In the present review, we provide an overview of the role and plasticity of eosinophils focusing on various respiratory viral infections and in the context of viral and allergic disease comorbidities. We will discuss the potential utility of eosinophils as prognostic/predictive immune biomarkers in emerging respiratory viral diseases, particularly COVID-19. Finally, we will revisit some of the relevant methods and tools that have contributed to the advances in the dissection of various eosinophil subsets in different pathological settings for future biomarker definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina La Sorsa
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Urbani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Antonucci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Afferni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Shi M, Lu Q, Zhao Y, Ding Z, Yu S, Li J, Ji M, Fan H, Hou S. miR-223: a key regulator of pulmonary inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1187557. [PMID: 37465640 PMCID: PMC10350674 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1187557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), are vital for the regulation of diverse biological processes. miR-223, an evolutionarily conserved anti-inflammatory miRNA expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage, has been implicated in the regulation of monocyte-macrophage differentiation, proinflammatory responses, and the recruitment of neutrophils. The biological functions of this gene are regulated by its expression levels in cells or tissues. In this review, we first outline the regulatory role of miR-223 in granulocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Then, we summarize the possible role of miR-223 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other pulmonary inflammatory diseases to better understand the molecular regulatory networks in pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Shi
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianying Lu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziling Ding
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengjun Ji
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
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Jacobse J, Aziz Z, Sun L, Chaparro J, Pilat JM, Kwag A, Buendia M, Wimbiscus M, Nasu M, Saito T, Mine S, Orita H, Revetta F, Short SP, Washington MK, Hiremath G, Gibson MK, Coburn L, Koyama T, Goettel JA, Williams CS, Choksi YA. Eosinophils exert direct and indirect anti-tumorigenic effects in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543287. [PMID: 37333285 PMCID: PMC10274643 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Background/Aims Eosinophils are present in several solid tumors and have context-dependent function. Our aim is to define the contribution of eosinophils in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), since their role in ESCC is unknown. Methods Eosinophils were enumerated in tissues from two ESCC cohorts. Mice were treated with 4-nitroquinolone-1-oxide (4-NQO) for 8 weeks to induce pre-cancer or 16 weeks to induce carcinoma. Eosinophil number was modified by monoclonal antibody to IL-5 (IL5mAb), recombinant IL-5 (rIL-5), or genetically with eosinophil-deficient (ΔdblGATA) mice or mice deficient in eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin-1 ( Ccl11 -/- ). Esophageal tissue and eosinophil specific RNA-sequencing was performed to understand eosinophil function. 3-D co-culturing of eosinophils with pre-cancer or cancer cells was done to ascertain direct effects of eosinophils. Results Activated eosinophils are present in higher numbers in early stage versus late stage ESCC. Mice treated with 4-NQO exhibit more esophageal eosinophils in pre-cancer versus cancer. Correspondingly, epithelial cell Ccl11 expression is higher in mice with pre-cancer. Eosinophil depletion using three mouse models ( Ccl11 -/- mice, ΔdblGATA mice, IL5mAb treatment) all display exacerbated 4-NQO tumorigenesis. Conversely, treatment with rIL-5 increases esophageal eosinophilia and protects against pre-cancer and carcinoma. Tissue and eosinophil RNA-sequencing revealed eosinophils drive oxidative stress in pre-cancer. In vitro co-culturing of eosinophils with pre-cancer or cancer cells resulted in increased apoptosis in the presence of a degranulating agent, which is reversed with N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. ΔdblGATA mice exhibited increased CD4 T cell infiltration, IL-17, and enrichment of IL-17 pro-tumorigenic pathways. Conclusion Eosinophils likely protect against ESCC through ROS release during degranulation and suppression of IL-17.
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Cohen Y, Elinav E. Dietary fibers & immunity-more than meets the eye. Cell Res 2023; 33:411-412. [PMID: 36646763 PMCID: PMC10235049 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Cohen
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Division of Microbiome & Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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63
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Ortiz-Fernández L, Carmona EG, Kerick M, Lyons P, Carmona FD, López Mejías R, Khor CC, Grayson PC, Tombetti E, Jiang L, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Callejas-Rubio JL, Vaglio A, Salvarani C, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Cid MC, Morgan AW, Merkel PA, Burgner D, Smith KG, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Sawalha AH, Martin J, Marquez A. Identification of new risk loci shared across systemic vasculitides points towards potential target genes for drug repurposing. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:837-847. [PMID: 36797040 PMCID: PMC10314028 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The number of susceptibility loci currently associated with vasculitis is lower than in other immune-mediated diseases due in part to small cohort sizes, a consequence of the low prevalence of vasculitides. This study aimed to identify new genetic risk loci for the main systemic vasculitides through a comprehensive analysis of their genetic overlap. METHODS Genome-wide data from 8467 patients with any of the main forms of vasculitis and 29 795 healthy controls were meta-analysed using ASSET. Pleiotropic variants were functionally annotated and linked to their target genes. Prioritised genes were queried in DrugBank to identify potentially repositionable drugs for the treatment of vasculitis. RESULTS Sixteen variants were independently associated with two or more vasculitides, 15 of them representing new shared risk loci. Two of these pleiotropic signals, located close to CTLA4 and CPLX1, emerged as novel genetic risk loci in vasculitis. Most of these polymorphisms appeared to affect vasculitis by regulating gene expression. In this regard, for some of these common signals, potential causal genes were prioritised based on functional annotation, including CTLA4, RNF145, IL12B, IL5, IRF1, IFNGR1, PTK2B, TRIM35, EGR2 and ETS2, each of which has key roles in inflammation. In addition, drug repositioning analysis showed that several drugs, including abatacept and ustekinumab, could be potentially repurposed in the management of the analysed vasculitides. CONCLUSIONS We identified new shared risk loci with functional impact in vasculitis and pinpointed potential causal genes, some of which could represent promising targets for the treatment of vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elio G Carmona
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López- Neyra", CSIC, Granada, Spain
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin Kerick
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López- Neyra", CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Paul Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francisco David Carmona
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel López Mejías
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Peter C Grayson
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Enrico Tombetti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Milan University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lindi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haner Direskeneli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - José-Luis Callejas-Rubio
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria di Modena, Università di Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jose Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cinta Cid
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ann W Morgan
- School of Medicine and Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Leeds Medtech and In vitro Diagnostics Co-Operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter A Merkel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth Gc Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay
- Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Javier Martin
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López- Neyra", CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Marquez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López- Neyra", CSIC, Granada, Spain
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Elliott MR, Grogan CE, Marshall GD. An Update on Monoclonal Antibody Therapy to Treat Moderate-to-Severe Asthma: Benefits, Choices, and Limitations. Am J Med 2023:S0002-9343(23)00327-3. [PMID: 37210021 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Moderate or severe asthma is a complex disease process clinically manifesting as at least partially reversible airway obstruction due to airway hyperresponsiveness. Asthma therapy was based primarily on symptom control until recent studies of its mechanisms have led to a host of new targeted, safe, and effective therapies. These biologic therapies directly attack culprit inflammatory mediators at the molecular level. In this article we review currently available biologic agents for the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma. We provide information deemed necessary to optimally consult with an asthma specialist to choose, assist in financial arrangements for, and coordinate the use of these new, promising, FDA approved biologic agents. We will also briefly review the molecular pathways targeted with each class of biologic to provide a more in-depth understanding of why these targeted therapies are effective. These biologics are the first of many to come that modify newly discovered components of the immune system with which many physicians are unfamiliar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Elliott
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, 601-815-5527
| | - Charles E Grogan
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, 601-815-5527
| | - Gailen D Marshall
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, 601-815-5527.
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Thomsen GN, Christoffersen MN, Lindegaard HM, Davidsen JR, Hartmeyer GN, Assing K, Mortz CG, Martin-Iguacel R, Møller MB, Kjeldsen AD, Havelund T, El Fassi D, Broesby-Olsen S, Maiborg M, Johansson SL, Andersen CL, Vestergaard H, Bjerrum OW. The multidisciplinary approach to eosinophilia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1193730. [PMID: 37274287 PMCID: PMC10232806 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1193730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic granulocytes are normally present in low numbers in the bloodstream. Patients with an increased number of eosinophilic granulocytes in the differential count (eosinophilia) are common and can pose a clinical challenge because conditions with eosinophilia occur in all medical specialties. The diagnostic approach must be guided by a thorough medical history, supported by specific tests to guide individualized treatment. Neoplastic (primary) eosinophilia is identified by one of several unique acquired genetic causes. In contrast, reactive (secondary) eosinophilia is associated with a cytokine stimulus in a specific disease, while idiopathic eosinophilia is a diagnosis by exclusion. Rational treatment is disease-directed in secondary cases and has paved the way for targeted treatment against the driver in primary eosinophilia, whereas idiopathic cases are treated as needed by principles in eosinophilia originating from clonal drivers. The vast majority of patients are diagnosed with secondary eosinophilia and are managed by the relevant specialty-e.g., rheumatology, allergy, dermatology, gastroenterology, pulmonary medicine, hematology, or infectious disease. The overlap in symptoms and the risk of irreversible organ involvement in eosinophilia, irrespective of the cause, warrants that patients without a diagnostic clarification or who do not respond to adequate treatment should be referred to a multidisciplinary function anchored in a hematology department for evaluation. This review presents the pathophysiology, manifestations, differential diagnosis, diagnostic workup, and management of (adult) patients with eosinophilia. The purpose is to place eosinophilia in a clinical context, and therefore justify and inspire the establishment of a multidisciplinary team of experts from diagnostic and clinical specialties at the regional level to support the second opinion. The target patient population requires highly specialized laboratory analysis and therapy and occasionally has severe eosinophil-induced organ dysfunction. An added value of a centralized, clinical function is to serve as a platform for education and research to further improve the management of patients with eosinophilia. Primary and idiopathic eosinophilia are key topics in the review, which also address current research and discusses outstanding issues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanne Merete Lindegaard
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Research Unit for Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Rømhild Davidsen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Odense Respiratory Research Unit (ODIN), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Kristian Assing
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte G. Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anette Drøhse Kjeldsen
- Department of ORL- Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Troels Havelund
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel El Fassi
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigurd Broesby-Olsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Maiborg
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Christen Lykkegaard Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Vestergaard
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Weis Bjerrum
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Tota M, Łacwik J, Laska J, Sędek Ł, Gomułka K. The Role of Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Asthma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091326. [PMID: 37174726 PMCID: PMC10177218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic complex pulmonary disease characterized by airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) are two significant mediators involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. In asthma, VEGF and EDN levels are elevated and correlate with disease severity and airway hyperresponsiveness. Diversity in VEGF polymorphisms results in the variability of responses to glucocorticosteroids and leukotriene antagonist treatment. Targeting VEGF and eosinophils is a promising therapeutic approach for asthma. We identified lichochalcone A, bevacizumab, azithromycin (AZT), vitamin D, diosmetin, epigallocatechin gallate, IGFBP-3, Neovastat (AE-941), endostatin, PEDF, and melatonin as putative add-on drugs in asthma with anti-VEGF properties. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of those drugs. AZT reduces the exacerbation rate and may be considered in adults with persistent symptomatic asthma. However, the long-term effects of AZT on community microbial resistance require further investigation. Vitamin D supplementation may enhance corticosteroid responsiveness. Herein, anti-eosinophil drugs are reviewed. Among them are, e.g., anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab), anti-IL-13 (lebrikizumab and tralokinumab), anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-13 (dupilumab), and anti-IgE (omalizumab) drugs. EDN over peripheral blood eosinophil count is recommended to monitor the asthma control status and to assess the efficacy of anti-IL-5 therapy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tota
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Łacwik
- Student Scientific Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Laska
- Student Scientific Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
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Walsh GM. Recent developments in the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the type 2 cytokines for severe asthma treatment. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:31-54. [PMID: 37524491 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe or refractory asthma is seen in approximately 5% of asthmatic subjects who have unsatisfactory symptom control despite adherence to high-dose inhaled glucocorticoid therapies resulting in significant morbidity, reduced quality of life with attendant implications for healthcare costs. Marked heterogeneity in symptoms and at the molecular phenotypic level are hallmarks of asthma resulting in the requirement of specifically targeted treatments to block the key pathways of the disease. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based biologics targeted at inhibition of the type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 have become established as effective treatments for severe asthma, with significant clinical benefit seen in carefully selected patient populations that take asthma phenotypes and endotypes into account. The further development of reproducible and straightforward discriminatory biomarkers may aid identification of those patients most likely to benefit from treatment with these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry M Walsh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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Zhu Z, Ren Z, Lu S, Wang S, Zhang Y. DLBCNet: A Deep Learning Network for Classifying Blood Cells. BIG DATA AND COGNITIVE COMPUTING 2023; 7:75. [PMID: 38560757 PMCID: PMC7615784 DOI: 10.3390/bdcc7020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Blood is responsible for delivering nutrients to various organs, which store important health information about the human body. Therefore, the diagnosis of blood can indirectly help doctors judge a person's physical state. Recently, researchers have applied deep learning (DL) to the automatic analysis of blood cells. However, there are still some deficiencies in these models. Methods To cope with these issues, we propose a novel network for the multi-classification of blood cells, which is called DLBCNet. A new specifical model for blood cells (BCGAN) is designed to generate synthetic images. The pre-trained ResNet50 is implemented as the backbone model, which serves as the feature extractor. The extracted features are fed to the proposed ETRN to improve the multi-classification performance of blood cells. Results The average accuracy, average sensitivity, average precision, average specificity, and average f1-score of the proposed model are 95.05%, 93.25%, 97.75%, 93.72%, and 95.38%, accordingly. Conclusions The performance of the proposed model surpasses other state-of-the-art methods in reported classification results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Zhu
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Zeyu Ren
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Siyuan Lu
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Shuihua Wang
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
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69
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Raftery AL, O’Brien CA, Harris NL, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML. Development of severe colitis is associated with lung inflammation and pathology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125260. [PMID: 37063825 PMCID: PMC10102339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic relapsing diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the colon. A link between the gut and the lung is suggested since patients with IBD have an increased susceptibility for chronic inflammatory lung disease. Furthermore, in the absence of overt lung disease, IBD patients have worsened lung function and more leukocytes in sputum than healthy individuals, highlighting a conduit between the gut and lung in disease. To study the gut-lung axis in the context of IBD, we used TCRδ-/- mice, which are highly susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) due to the importance of γδ T cells in maintenance of barrier integrity. After induction of experimental colitis using DSS, the lungs of TCRδ-/- mice exhibited signs of inflammation and mild emphysema, which was not observed in DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice. Damage to the lung tissue was accompanied by a large expansion of neutrophils in the lung parenchyma and an increase in alveolar macrophages in the lung wash. Gene expression analyses showed a significant increase in Csf3, Cxcl2, Tnfa, and Il17a in lung tissue in keeping with neutrophil infiltration. Expression of genes encoding reactive oxygen species enzymes and elastolytic enzymes were enhanced in the lungs of both C57BL/6 and TCRδ-/- mice with colitis. Similarly, surfactant gene expression was also enhanced, which may represent a protective mechanism. These data demonstrate that severe colitis in a susceptible genetic background is sufficient to induce lung inflammation and tissue damage, providing the research community with an important tool for the development of novel therapeutics aimed at reducing co-morbidities in IBD patients.
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70
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Jackson DJ, Bacharier LB, Phipatanakul W, Sher L, Domingo C, Papadopoulos N, Modena B, Li N, Xia C, Kamal MA, Dillon M, Wolfe K, Gall R, Amin N, Mannent LP, Laws E, Rowe PJ, Jacob-Nara JA, Deniz Y, Lederer DJ, Hardin M, Xu C. Dupilumab pharmacokinetics and effect on type 2 biomarkers in children with moderate-to-severe asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023:S1081-1206(23)00180-1. [PMID: 36958470 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 inflammation is common in children with asthma. Dupilumab, a human antibody, blocks signaling of interleukin-4/-13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation. In the VOYAGE (NCT02948959) study, dupilumab reduced severe asthma exacerbations and improved lung function in children aged 6-11 years with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma. OBJECTIVE To assess pharmacokinetics of dupilumab and type 2 biomarker changes in children with type 2 asthma in VOYAGE. METHODS Patients were randomized to dupilumab 100 mg (≤30 kg) or 200 mg (>30 kg) or placebo every 2 weeks (q2w) for 52 weeks. Dupilumab concentrations and changes in type 2 biomarkers were assessed at each visit. RESULTS Dupilumab concentrations in serum reached steady state by Week 12, with mean concentrations of 51.2 mg/L and 79.4 mg/L in children receiving dupilumab 100 mg q2w and 200 mg q2w, respectively (therapeutic range in adults and adolescents: 29-80 mg/L). Reductions in type 2 biomarkers were comparable between regimens, and greater in patients treated with dupilumab vs placebo. In children treated with dupilumab 100 mg and 200 mg q2w, median percent changes (Q1, Q3) from baseline at Week 52 were, respectively, -78.6% (-86.3, -69.80) and -78.6% (-84.9, -70.1) for serum total IgE, -53.6% (-66.4, -34.6) and -43.7% (-58.6, -28.5) for TARC, -25.7% (-60.0, 27.6) and -33.3% (-60.6, 16.6) for blood eosinophils, and -47.7% (-73.8, 18.9) and -55.6% (-73.6, -20.0) for FeNO. CONCLUSION Weight-tiered dose regimens achieved mean concentrations within the dupilumab therapeutic range. Median decreases in type 2 biomarker levels were similar between dose regimens. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02948959.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Jackson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence Sher
- Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates, California
| | - Christian Domingo
- Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Changming Xia
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | | | - Myles Dillon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | | | - Rebecca Gall
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Nikhil Amin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Yamo Deniz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
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Du J, Lu C, Mao L, Zhu Y, Kong W, Shen S, Tang M, Bao S, Cheng H, Li G, Chen J, Li Q, He J, Li A, Qiu X, Gu Q, Chen D, Qi C, Song Y, Qian X, Wang L, Qiu Y, Liu B. PD-1 blockade plus chemoradiotherapy as preoperative therapy for patients with BRPC/LAPC: A biomolecular exploratory, phase II trial. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100972. [PMID: 36889321 PMCID: PMC10040412 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
This is a phase II study of PD-1 blockade plus chemoradiotherapy as preoperative therapy for patients with locally advanced or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC or BRPC, respectively). Twenty-nine patients are enrolled in the study. The objective response rate (ORR) is 60%, and the R0 resection rate is 90% (9/10). The 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate and 12-month overall survival (OS) rate are 64% and 72%, respectively. Grade 3 or higher adverse events are anemia (8%), thrombocytopenia (8%), and jaundice (8%). Circulating tumor DNA analysis reveals that patients with a >50% decline in maximal somatic variant allelic frequency (maxVAF) between the first clinical evaluation and baseline have a longer survival outcome and a higher response rate and surgical rate than those who are not. PD-1 blockade plus chemoradiotherapy as preoperative therapy displays promising antitumor activity, and multiomics potential predictive biomarkers are identified and warrant further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changchang Lu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liang Mao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yahui Zhu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Kong
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Digestive Department of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Min Tang
- Imaging Department of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shanhua Bao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Pathology Department of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qi Li
- Pathology Department of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian He
- Nuclear Medicine Department of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aimei Li
- Nuclear Medicine Department of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qing Gu
- National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Chuang Qi
- The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yunjie Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Digestive Department of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Subsets of Eosinophils in Asthma, a Challenge for Precise Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065716. [PMID: 36982789 PMCID: PMC10052006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of eosinophils was documented histopathologically in the first half of the 19th century. However, the term “eosinophils” was first used by Paul Ehrlich in 1878. Since their discovery and description, their existence has been associated with asthma, allergies, and antihelminthic immunity. Eosinophils may also be responsible for various possible tissue pathologies in many eosinophil-associated diseases. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the understanding of the nature of this cell population has undergone a fundamental reassessment, and in 2010, J. J. Lee proposed the concept of “LIAR” (Local Immunity And/or Remodeling/Repair), underlining the extensive immunoregulatory functions of eosinophils in the context of health and disease. It soon became apparent that mature eosinophils (in line with previous morphological studies) are not structurally, functionally, or immunologically homogeneous cell populations. On the contrary, these cells form subtypes characterized by their further development, immunophenotype, sensitivity to growth factors, localization, role and fate in tissues, and contribution to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including asthma. The eosinophil subsets were recently characterized as resident (rEos) and inflammatory (iEos) eosinophils. During the last 20 years, the biological therapy of eosinophil diseases, including asthma, has been significantly revolutionized. Treatment management has been improved through the enhancement of treatment effectiveness and a decrease in the adverse events associated with the formerly ultimately used systemic corticosteroids. However, as we observed from real-life data, the global treatment efficacy is still far from optimal. A fundamental condition, “sine qua non”, for correct treatment management is a thorough evaluation of the inflammatory phenotype of the disease. We believe that a better understanding of eosinophils would lead to more precise diagnostics and classification of asthma subtypes, which could further improve treatment outcomes. The currently validated asthma biomarkers (eosinophil count, production of NO in exhaled breath, and IgE synthesis) are insufficient to unveil super-responders among all severe asthma patients and thus give only a blurred picture of the adepts for treatment. We propose an emerging approach consisting of a more precise characterization of pathogenic eosinophils in terms of the definition of their functional status or subset affiliation by flow cytometry. We believe that the effort to find new eosinophil-associated biomarkers and their rational use in treatment algorithms may ameliorate the response rate to biological therapy in patients with severe asthma.
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73
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Jiang X, Ye J, Wu X, Zhu J, Chen S, Cheng H. A case of complete recovery in a hypereosinophilic dermatitis patient with dupilumab. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:875-878. [PMID: 36912915 PMCID: PMC10010203 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypereosinophilic dermatitis (HED) is a subtype of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Glucocorticoids are preferred for treatment but carry substantial side effect profiles. Symptoms of HED may recur after systemic glucocorticoid tapering. As an interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), dupilumab might be an efficacious adjuvant therapy for HED. METHOD We report a young male diagnosed with HED who suffered from erythematous papules with pruritus for over five years. Once reducing the dosage of glucocorticoid was, his skin lesions relapsed. RESULTS After using dupilumab, the patient's condition significantly improved with the glucocorticoid dosing decreased successfully. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we report a new application of dupilumab in HED patients, especially with difficulties in reducing the glucocorticoid dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siji Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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López Nadal A, Boekhorst J, Lute C, van den Berg F, Schorn MA, Bergen Eriksen T, Peggs D, McGurk C, Sipkema D, Kleerebezem M, Wiegertjes GF, Brugman S. Omics and imaging combinatorial approach reveals butyrate-induced inflammatory effects in the zebrafish gut. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:15. [PMID: 36869372 PMCID: PMC9985269 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotic feed additives aim to improve gut health by influencing the microbiota and the gut barrier. Most studies on feed additives concentrate on one or two (monodisciplinary) outcome parameters, such as immunity, growth, microbiota or intestinal architecture. A combinatorial and comprehensive approach to disclose the complex and multifaceted effects of feed additives is needed to understand their underlying mechanisms before making health benefit claims. Here, we used juvenile zebrafish as a model species to study effects of feed additives by integrating gut microbiota composition data and host gut transcriptomics with high-throughput quantitative histological analysis. Zebrafish received either control, sodium butyrate or saponin-supplemented feed. Butyrate-derived components such as butyric acid or sodium butyrate have been widely used in animal feeds due to their immunostimulant properties, thereby supporting intestinal health. Soy saponin is an antinutritional factor from soybean meal that promotes inflammation due to its amphipathic nature. RESULTS We observed distinct microbial profiles associated with each diet, discovering that butyrate (and saponin to a lesser extent) affected gut microbial composition by reducing the degree of community-structure (co-occurrence network analysis) compared to controls. Analogously, butyrate and saponin supplementation impacted the transcription of numerous canonical pathways compared to control-fed fish. For example, both butyrate and saponin increased the expression of genes associated with immune response and inflammatory response, as well as oxidoreductase activity, compared to controls. Furthermore, butyrate decreased the expression of genes associated with histone modification, mitotic processes and G-coupled receptor activity. High-throughput quantitative histological analysis depicted an increase of eosinophils and rodlet cells in the gut tissue of fish receiving butyrate after one week of feeding and a depletion of mucus-producing cells after 3 weeks of feeding this diet. Combination of all datasets indicated that in juvenile zebrafish, butyrate supplementation increases the immune and the inflammatory response to a greater extent than the established inflammation-inducing anti-nutritional factor saponin. Such comprehensive analysis was supplemented by in vivo imaging of neutrophil and macrophage transgenic reporter zebrafish (mpeg1:mCherry/mpx:eGFPi114) larvae. Upon exposure to butyrate and saponin, these larvae displayed a dose-dependent increase of neutrophils and macrophages in the gut area. CONCLUSION The omics and imaging combinatorial approach provided an integrated evaluation of the effect of butyrate on fish gut health and unraveled inflammatory-like features not previously reported that question the usage of butyrate supplementation to enhance fish gut health under basal conditions. The zebrafish model, due to its unique advantages, provides researchers with an invaluable tool to investigate effects of feed components on fish gut health throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López Nadal
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Lute
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van den Berg
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle A. Schorn
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Peggs
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Detmer Sipkema
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Adaptive Immunosuppression in Lung Transplant Recipients Applying Complementary Biomarkers: The Zurich Protocol. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030488. [PMID: 36984489 PMCID: PMC10054078 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving adequate immunosuppression for lung transplant recipients in the first year after lung transplantation is a key challenge. Prophylaxis of allograft rejection must be balanced with the adverse events associated with immunosuppressive drugs, for example infection, renal failure, and diabetes. A triple immunosuppressive combination is standard, including a steroid, a calcineurin inhibitor, and an antiproliferative compound beginning with the highest levels of immunosuppression and a subsequent tapering of the dose, usually guided by therapeutic drug monitoring and considering clinical results, bronchoscopy sampling results, and additional biomarkers such as serum viral replication or donor-specific antibodies. Balancing the net immunosuppression level required to prevent rejection without overly increasing the risk of infection and other complications during the tapering phase is not well standardized and requires repeated assessments for dose-adjustments. In our adaptive immunosuppression approach, we additionally consider results from the white blood cell counts, in particular lymphocytes and eosinophils, as biomarkers for monitoring the level of immunosuppression and additionally use them as therapeutic targets to fine-tune the immunosuppressive strategy over time. The concept and its rationale are outlined, and areas of future research mentioned.
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Jo S, Jin BJ, Lee SH, Jo HR, Park JM, Hwang KG, Rho M, Kim TH, Cho SH. Eosinophil-derived interferon-γ drives transmembrane protein 119-induced new bone formation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:242-254. [PMID: 35984636 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory sinonasal disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration and new bone formation. These changes indicate the severity and prognosis of CRSwNP and may be closely linked to each other. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing to screen specific osteogenic molecules and validated transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry analyses. TMEM119 knockdown was performed to observe the downregulation of bone mineralization. We validated the bone-forming activity of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and its signaling pathways in cultured primary sinus bone cells. Cellular sources of IFN-γ were identified using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses. Interleukin-4-eosinophil-IFN-γ axis and the effect of dupilumab were investigated in Eol-1 cells. RESULTS We observed elevated IFN-γ levels and eosinophils in the nasal fluid and predominantly eosinophil-derived IFN-γ in the sinus mucosa of patients with CRSwNP. TMEM119 expression and bone-forming activities were increased in the osteitic and primary sinus bone cells of CRSwNP. IFN-γ treatment enhanced bone mineralization and TMEM119 expression via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling. Moreover, TMEM119 knockdown inhibited sinus bone cell mineralization and dupilumab attenuated IFN-γ secretion by IL4-stimulated Eol-1 cells. CONCLUSION Eosinophil-derived IFN-γ promotes the bone-forming activities of sinus bone cells via the STAT1-TMEM119 signaling pathway. Interleukin-4-eosinophil-IFN-γ axis may be crucial for TMEM119-mediated new bone formation in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Joon Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryeong Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Mi Park
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Gyun Hwang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Rho
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Effects of Cannabidiol on Innate Immunity: Experimental Evidence and Clinical Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043125. [PMID: 36834537 PMCID: PMC9964491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main non-psychotropic cannabinoid derived from cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., fam. Cannabaceae). CBD has received approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome. However, CBD also has prominent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; evidence exists that it could be beneficial in chronic inflammation, and even in acute inflammatory conditions, such as those due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this work, we review available evidence concerning CBD's effects on the modulation of innate immunity. Despite the lack so far of clinical studies, extensive preclinical evidence in different models, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, and even ex vivo experiments on cells from human healthy subjects, shows that CBD exerts a wide range of inhibitory effects by decreasing cytokine production and tissue infiltration, and acting on a variety of other inflammation-related functions in several innate immune cells. Clinical studies are now warranted to establish the therapeutic role of CBD in diseases with a strong inflammatory component, such as multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases, cancer, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases.
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78
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Sabatel C, Bureau F. The innate immune brakes of the lung. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111298. [PMID: 36776895 PMCID: PMC9915150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory mucosal surfaces are continuously exposed to not only innocuous non-self antigens but also pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) originating from environmental or symbiotic microbes. According to either "self/non-self" or "danger" models, this should systematically result in homeostasis breakdown and the development of immune responses directed to inhaled harmless antigens, such as T helper type (Th)2-mediated asthmatic reactions, which is fortunately not the case in most people. This discrepancy implies the existence, in the lung, of regulatory mechanisms that tightly control immune homeostasis. Although such mechanisms have been poorly investigated in comparison to the ones that trigger immune responses, a better understanding of them could be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies against lung diseases (e.g., asthma). Here, we review current knowledge on innate immune cells that prevent the development of aberrant immune responses in the lung, thereby contributing to mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sabatel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,*Correspondence: Catherine Sabatel,
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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79
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Lazzari C, Yacoub MR, Campochiaro C, Bulotta A, Palumbo D, Ogliari FR, Dagna L, Marchesi S, Ponzoni M, Gregorc V. Case report: Successful use of mepolizumab for immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced hypereosinophilic syndrome in two patients with solid malignancies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1079034. [PMID: 36776300 PMCID: PMC9911301 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1079034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) represents a group of blood disorders characterized by an absolute eosinophil count (AEC) > 1.5 × 103/μl in the peripheral blood, which eventually extravasate and cause organ damage. It can be primary or secondary to infections or tumors. The infiltration of eosinophils in tissue and organs is associated with different disorders and, in some cases, with life-threatening manifestations. Albeit the pathogenesis of HES in patients with solid tumo\rs is not yet clarified; recently, HES has also been described as an immune-related adverse event in patients with solid tumors receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Treatment of HES is still debated, especially in patients with concomitant solid tumors, and different drugs including imatinib, hydroxyurea, interferon-ɑ, glucocorticoids, and the monoclonal antibody targeting circulating IL-5 mepolizumab have been proposed according to the underlying cause and the severity of HES. Herein, we describe, for the first time, the successful use of mepolizumab for the treatment of immune checkpoint-induced HES in two patients with metastatic solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lazzari
- Department of Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute Fondazione Piemontese per l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS) Candiolo, Torino, Italy,*Correspondence: Chiara Lazzari,
| | - Mona Rita Yacoub
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bulotta
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Palumbo
- Department of Radiology, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Rita Ogliari
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchesi
- Department of Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute Fondazione Piemontese per l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS) Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy,Pathology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Vanesa Gregorc
- Department of Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute Fondazione Piemontese per l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS) Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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Zhang J, Xie Y, Ma J, Liu K, Ding Y, Li Y, Jiao X, Xie X, Wang X, Tang B. Real-time visualization of the fluctuations in HOBr with AIE fluorescent probes during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1018-1021. [PMID: 36598086 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two fluorescent probes (QM-S and QM-Se) featuring AIE properties were developed. The increased intracellular hypobromous acid (HOBr) in cardiomyocytes during MIRI was revealed with these probes. It was also observed that MIRI might be alleviated by combating oxidative stress, as well as inhibiting inflammation and ferroptosis, which could mediate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yingying Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Jushuai Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yunshu Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyun Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xilei Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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Park HJ, Kataru RP, Shin J, Garc A Nores GD, Encarnacion EM, Klang MG, Riedel E, Coriddi M, Dayan JH, Mehrara BJ. Keratinocytes coordinate inflammatory responses and regulate development of secondary lymphedema. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524936. [PMID: 36711669 PMCID: PMC9882288 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal changes are histological hallmarks of secondary lymphedema, but it is unknown if keratinocytes contribute to its pathophysiology. Using clinical lymphedema specimens and mouse models, we show that keratinocytes play a primary role in lymphedema development by producing T-helper 2 (Th2) -inducing cytokines. Specifically, we find that keratinocyte proliferation and expression of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) are early responses following lymphatic injury and regulate the expression of Th2-inducing cytokines, migration of Langerhans cells, and skin infiltration of Th2-differentiated T cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PAR2 activation with a small molecule inhibitor or the proliferation inhibitor teriflunomide (TF) prevents activation of keratinocytes stimulated with lymphedema fluid. Finally, topical TF is highly effective for decreasing swelling, fibrosis, and inflammation in a preclinical mouse model. Our findings suggest that lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and topically targeting keratinocyte activation may be a clinically effective therapy for this condition.
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82
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Blomberg OS, Spagnuolo L, Garner H, Voorwerk L, Isaeva OI, van Dyk E, Bakker N, Chalabi M, Klaver C, Duijst M, Kersten K, Brüggemann M, Pastoors D, Hau CS, Vrijland K, Raeven EAM, Kaldenbach D, Kos K, Afonina IS, Kaptein P, Hoes L, Theelen WSME, Baas P, Voest EE, Beyaert R, Thommen DS, Wessels LFA, de Visser KE, Kok M. IL-5-producing CD4 + T cells and eosinophils cooperate to enhance response to immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:106-123.e10. [PMID: 36525971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has heralded a new era in cancer therapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying response to ICB has predominantly focused on T cells; however, effective immune responses require tightly regulated crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we combine unbiased analysis of blood and tumors from metastatic breast cancer patients treated with ICB with mechanistic studies in mouse models of breast cancer. We observe an increase in systemic and intratumoral eosinophils in patients and mice responding to ICB treatment. Mechanistically, ICB increased IL-5 production by CD4+ T cells, stimulating elevated eosinophil production from the bone marrow, leading to systemic eosinophil expansion. Additional induction of IL-33 by ICB-cisplatin combination or recombinant IL-33 promotes intratumoral eosinophil infiltration and eosinophil-dependent CD8+ T cell activation to enhance ICB response. This work demonstrates the critical role of eosinophils in ICB response and provides proof-of-principle for eosinophil engagement to enhance ICB efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Blomberg
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Spagnuolo
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Garner
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Voorwerk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olga I Isaeva
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ewald van Dyk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noor Bakker
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Myriam Chalabi
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Klaver
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maxime Duijst
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly Kersten
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Brüggemann
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien Pastoors
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cheei-Sing Hau
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Vrijland
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Raeven
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Kaldenbach
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Kos
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inna S Afonina
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paulien Kaptein
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louisa Hoes
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willemijn S M E Theelen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Baas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniela S Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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83
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Cai Z, He B. Adipose tissue aging: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Metabolism 2023; 138:155328. [PMID: 36202221 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases. Adipose tissue plays central roles in the maintenance of whole-body metabolism homeostasis and has recently attracted significant attention as a biological driver of aging and age-related diseases. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying age-related decline in adipose tissue function. In particular, we focus on the complex inter-relationship between metabolism, immune, and sympathetic nervous system within adipose tissue during aging. Moreover, we discuss the rejuvenation strategies to delay aging and extend lifespan, including senescent cell ablation (senolytics), dietary intervention, physical exercise, and heterochronic parabiosis. Understanding the pathological mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue aging will be critical for the development of new intervention strategies to slow or reverse aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Cai
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ben He
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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84
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Muñoz L, Caparrós E, Albillos A, Francés R. The shaping of gut immunity in cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139554. [PMID: 37122743 PMCID: PMC10141304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the common end-stage of chronic liver diseases of different etiology. The altered bile acids metabolism in the cirrhotic liver and the increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability, along with the progressive dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, contribute to gut immunity changes, from compromised antimicrobial host defense to pro-inflammatory adaptive responses. In turn, these changes elicit a disruption in the epithelial and gut vascular barriers, promoting the increased access of potential pathogenic microbial antigens to portal circulation, further aggravating liver disease. After summarizing the key aspects of gut immunity during homeostasis, this review is intended to update the contribution of liver and brain metabolites in shaping the intestinal immune status and, in turn, to understand how the loss of homeostasis in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, as present in cirrhosis, cooperates in the advanced chronic liver disease progression. Finally, several therapeutic approaches targeting the intestinal homeostasis in cirrhosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Caparrós
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Hepática e Intestinal, Departamento Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Agustín Albillos, ; Rubén Frances,
| | - Rubén Francés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Hepática e Intestinal, Departamento Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnologiía Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- *Correspondence: Agustín Albillos, ; Rubén Frances,
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85
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A Review of Anti-IL-5 Therapies for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. Adv Ther 2023; 40:25-40. [PMID: 36152266 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), previously known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a systemic disorder characterized by asthma, eosinophilia, and vasculitis primarily affecting small vessels. Although this disease is classified as an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis along with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), observations suggest that eosinophils play a vital role in the pathophysiology of EGPA. Therefore, biopsy specimens derived from patients with EGPA demonstrated an increase in eosinophils within the vascular lumen and extravascular interstitium, especially in patients negative for ANCA. In addition, active secretion of eosinophil intracellular components by cytolysis and piecemeal degranulation occurs in the extravascular interstitium and bloodstream. Although the treatment for EGPA is described in the context of ANCA-associated vasculitis along with MPA and GPA, a therapeutic approach to suppress eosinophils is also considered. Monoclonal antibodies directed against interleukin-5 (IL-5) or its receptors are good therapeutic agents because IL-5 plays an important role in eosinophil growth, activation, and survival. Currently, mepolizumab (Nucala), reslizumab (Cinqair), and benralizumab (Fasenra) have been studied for use in patients with EGPA. These monoclonal antibodies were initially approved for use in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Mepolizumab is now approved for treating EGPA following the success of phase 3 randomized controlled trial. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify long-term safety and efficacy of anti-IL-5 agents and establish indications of individual therapeutic agents tailored to individual conditions of patients with EGPA.
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CCL4 Regulates Eosinophil Activation in Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416149. [PMID: 36555793 PMCID: PMC9782438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a refractory airway disease accompanied by eosinophilic inflammation, the mechanisms of which are unknown. We recently found that CCL4/MIP-1β-a specific ligand for CCR5 receptors-was implicated in eosinophil recruitment into the inflammatory site and was substantially released from activated eosinophils. Moreover, it was found in nasal polyps from patients with ECRS, primarily in epithelial cells. In the present study, the role of epithelial cell-derived CCL4 in eosinophil activation was investigated. First, CCL4 expression in nasal polyps from patients with ECRS as well as its role of CCL4 in eosinophilic airway inflammation were investigated in an in vivo model. Furthermore, the role of CCL4 in CD69 expression-a marker of activated eosinophils-as well as the signaling pathways involved in CCL4-mediated eosinophil activation were investigated. Notably, CCL4 expression, but not CCL5, CCL11, or CCL26, was found to be significantly increased in nasal polyps from patients with ECRS associated with eosinophil infiltration as well as in BEAS-2B cells co-incubated with eosinophils. In an OVA-induced allergic mouse model, CCL4 increased eosinophil accumulation in the nasal mucosa and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF). Moreover, we found that CD69 expression was upregulated in CCL4-stimulated eosinophils; similarly, phosphorylation of several kinases, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)β, SRC kinase family (Lck, Src, and Yes), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), was upregulated. Further, CCR5, PDGFRβ, and/or Src kinase inhibition partially restored CCL4-induced CD69 upregulation. Thus, CCL4, which is derived from airway epithelial cells, plays a role in the accumulation and activation of eosinophils at inflammatory sites. These findings may provide a novel therapeutic target for eosinophilic airway inflammation, such as ECRS.
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87
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Strobel MJ, Alves D, Roufosse F, Antoun Z, Kwon N, Baylis L, Wechsler ME. Insights from Social Media on the Patient Experience of Living With Rare Eosinophil-Driven Diseases. J Patient Exp 2022; 9:23743735221143953. [PMID: 36530646 PMCID: PMC9756368 DOI: 10.1177/23743735221143953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) are driven by persistently high eosinophil numbers, causing damage to tissues and organs. As rare diseases, they are often underappreciated by healthcare professionals. Using a social listening analysis, we collected patient and caregiver comments relating to EGPA and HES made on online social platforms between 1 January 2019 and 31 May 2020, in English, French, and German. Results were classified into key areas of interest. In total, 746 comments with consent to publish were collected mentioning EGPA, and 39 were identified mentioning HES. The most common theme was sharing of personal experiences (EGPA: 77%; HES: 100%). Diagnosis, including diagnosis delays and misdiagnosis, was mentioned in 33% of comments for EGPA, and 82% for HES. Other common themes included seeking and giving advice, symptoms, and treatments. These insights highlight the views and unmet needs of people living with EGPA and HES. Further work should improve disease awareness and effective communications among healthcare professionals and patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Strobel
- American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders (APFED), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debbie Alves
- APFED Volunteer, HES patient and advocate, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Florence Roufosse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Michael E Wechsler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA,Michael E Wechsler, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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88
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Qian X, Meng X, Zhang S, Zeng W. Neuroimmune regulation of white adipose tissues. FEBS J 2022; 289:7830-7853. [PMID: 34564950 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The white adipose tissues (WAT) are located in distinct depots throughout the body. They serve as an energy reserve, providing fatty acids for other tissues via lipolysis when needed, and function as an endocrine organ to regulate systemic metabolism. Their activities are coordinated through intercellular communications among adipocytes and other cell types such as residential and infiltrating immune cells, which are collectively under neuronal control. The adipocytes and immune subtypes including macrophages/monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), T and B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells display cellular and functional diversity in response to the energy states and contribute to metabolic homeostasis and pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence reveals that neuronal innervations control lipid deposition and mobilization via regulating lipolysis, adipocyte size, and cellularity. Vice versa, the neuronal innervations and activity are influenced by cellular factors in the WAT. Though the literature describing adipose tissue cells is too extensive to cover in detail, we strive to highlight a selected list of neuronal and immune components in this review. The cell-to-cell communications and the perspective of neuroimmune regulation are emphasized to enlighten the potential therapeutic opportunities for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Qian
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China
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89
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Jiang Y, Pan Q, Zhu X, Liu J, Liu Z, Deng Y, Liu W, Liu Y. Knockdown of CCR3 gene inhibits Proliferation, migration and degranulation of eosinophils in mice by downregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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90
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Syeda MZ, Hong T, Zhang C, Ying S, Shen H. Eosinophils: A Friend or Foe in Human Health and Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:26-38. [PMID: 36756082 PMCID: PMC9900469 DOI: 10.1159/000528156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Since their discovery, around 150 years, eosinophils research has been a field of changing perspective, and new directions are emerging since then. Summary Initially, eosinophils were perceived as terminally differentiated cytotoxic effector cells. Clearly, eosinophils are capable of playing functions other than immune responses, which is not surprising given their intricate interactions with pathogens as well as other circulating leukocytes. Attempts to comprehend the eosinophil biology and functions have yielded remarkable insights into their roles in human health and sickness. The use of FDA-approved eosinophils-targeting biologics has provided exciting opportunities to directly explore the contributions of eosinophils in disease etiology in humans. Key Messages In this review, we will focus on the eosinophils' lifecycle and discuss the current state of knowledge from mouse models and retrospective human studies demonstrating eosinophils' roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases such as asthma, cancer, and kidney disorders. Despite three recently approved anti-eosinophil agents, a number of key questions and challenges remain far from settled, thereby generating opportunity to further explore this enigmatic cell. A comprehensive understanding of eosinophils biology and function will surely aid in developing improved therapeutic strategies against eosinophils-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Zahra Syeda
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China,International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Tu Hong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China,International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China,International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China,*Songmin Ying,
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China,**Huahao Shen,
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91
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Estrada‐Reyes ZM, Ogunade IM, Pech‐Cervantes AA, Terrill TH. Copy number variant-based genome wide association study reveals immune-related genes associated with parasite resistance in a heritage sheep breed from the United States. Parasite Immunol 2022; 44:e12943. [PMID: 36071651 PMCID: PMC9786709 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Florida Native is a heritage sheep breed in the United States and expresses superior ability to regulate gastrointestinal nematodes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the importance of copy number variants (CNVs) on resistance to natural Haemonchus contortus infections. A total of 300 Florida Native sheep were evaluated. Phenotypic records included fecal egg count (FEC, eggs/gram), FAMACHA© score, percentage cell volume (PCV, %), body condition score (BCS) and average daily gain (ADG, kg). Sheep were genotyped using the GGP Ovine 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Log ratios from 45.2 k SNP markers spanning the entire genome were utilized for CNV detection. After quality control, 261 animals with CNVs and phenotypic records were used for the association testing. Association tests were carried out using correlation-trend test and principal component analysis correction to identify CNVs associated with FEC, FAMACHA©, PCV, BCS and ADG. Significant CNVs were detected when their adjusted p-value was <.05 after FDR correction. A total of 8124 CNVs were identified, which gave 246 non-overlapping CNVs. Fourteen CNVs were significantly associated with FEC and PCV. CNVs associated with FEC overlapped 14 Quantitative Trait Locus previously associated with H. contortus resistance. Our study demonstrated for the first time that CNVs could be potentially involved with parasite resistance in Florida Native sheep. Immune-related genes such as CCL1, CCL2, CCL8, CCL11, NOS2, TNF, CSF3 and STAT3 genes could play an important role for controlling H. contortus resistance. These genes could be potentially utilized as candidate markers for selection of parasite resistance in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira M. Estrada‐Reyes
- Department of Animal SciencesNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ibukun M. Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional ScienceWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Andres A. Pech‐Cervantes
- College of Agricultural, Family Sciences, and TechnologyFort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGeorgiaUSA
| | - Thomas H. Terrill
- College of Agricultural, Family Sciences, and TechnologyFort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGeorgiaUSA
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92
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Ding T, Ge S. Metabolic regulation of type 2 immune response during tissue repair and regeneration. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1013-1023. [PMID: 35603496 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0422-665r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses are mediated by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 and associated cell types, including T helper (Th)2 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages. It can suppress type 1-driven autoimmune diseases, promote antihelminth immunity, maintain cellular metabolic homeostasis, and modulate tissue repair pathways following injury. However, when type 2 immune responses become dysregulated, they can be a significant pathogenesis of many allergic and fibrotic diseases. As such, there is an intense interest in studying the pathways that modulate type 2 immune response so as to identify strategies of targeting and controlling these responses for tissue healing. Herein, we review recent literature on the metabolic regulation of immune cells initiating type 2 immunity and immune cells involved in the effector phase, and talk about how metabolic regulation of immune cell subsets contribute to tissue repair. At last, we discuss whether these findings can provide a novel prospect for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ding
- Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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93
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Gevaert P, Han JK, Smith SG, Sousa AR, Howarth PH, Yancey SW, Chan R, Bachert C. The roles of eosinophils and interleukin-5 in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:1413-1423. [PMID: 35243803 PMCID: PMC9790271 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is generally associated with eosinophilic tissue infiltration linked to type 2 inflammation and characterized by elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-5 and other type 2 inflammatory mediators. Although distinct and overlapping contributions of eosinophils and IL-5 to CRSwNP pathology are still being explored, they are both known to play an important role in NP inflammation. Eosinophils secrete numerous type 2 inflammatory mediators including granule proteins, enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, lipids, and oxidative products. IL-5 is critical for the differentiation, migration, activation, and survival of eosinophils but is also implicated in the biological functions of mast cells, basophils, innate lymphoid cells, B cells, and epithelial cells. Results from clinical trials of therapeutics that target type 2 inflammatory mediators (including but not limited to anti-IL-5, anti-immunoglobulin-E, and anti-IL-4/13) may provide further evidence of how eosinophils and IL-5 contribute to CRSwNP. Finally, the association between eosinophilia/elevated IL-5 and greater rates of NP recurrence after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) suggests that these mediators may have utility as biomarkers of NP recurrence in diagnosing and assessing the severity of CRSwNP. This review provides an overview of eosinophil and IL-5 biology and explores the literature regarding the role of these mediators in CRSwNP pathogenesis and NP recurrence following ESS. Based on current published evidence, we suggest that although eosinophils play a key role in CRSwNP pathophysiology, IL-5, a cytokine that activates these cells, also represents a pertinent and effective treatment target in patients with CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gevaert
- Upper Airway Research LaboratoryDepartment of OtorhinolaryngologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | | | - Steven G. Smith
- Respiratory Medical Franchise, GSKResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ana R. Sousa
- Clinical Sciences, Respiratory, GSKBrentfordMiddlesexUK
| | - Peter H. Howarth
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitSouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK,Global Respiratory Franchise, GSKBrentfordMiddlesexUK
| | - Steven W. Yancey
- Respiratory Medical Franchise, GSKResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert Chan
- Clinical Sciences, Respiratory, GSKBrentfordMiddlesexUK
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airway Research LaboratoryDepartment of OtorhinolaryngologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,Division of ENT DiseasesCLINTECKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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94
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Ehrens A, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP. Eosinophils in filarial infections: Inducers of protection or pathology? Front Immunol 2022; 13:983812. [PMID: 36389745 PMCID: PMC9659639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Filariae are parasitic roundworms, which can cause debilitating diseases such as lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, and onchocerciasis, commonly referred to as river blindness, can lead to stigmatizing pathologies and present a socio-economic burden for affected people and their endemic countries. Filariae typically induce a type 2 immune response, which is characterized by cytokines, i.e., IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 as well as type 2 immune cells including alternatively activated macrophages, innate lymphoid cells and Th2 cells. However, the hallmark characteristic of filarial infections is a profound eosinophilia. Eosinophils are innate immune cells and pivotal in controlling helminth infections in general and filarial infections in particular. By modulating the function of other leukocytes, eosinophils support and drive type 2 immune responses. Moreover, as primary effector cells, eosinophils can directly attack filariae through the release of granules containing toxic cationic proteins with or without extracellular DNA traps. At the same time, eosinophils can be a driving force for filarial pathology as observed during tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in lymphatic filariasis, in dermatitis in onchocerciasis patients as well as adverse events after treatment of onchocerciasis patients with diethylcarbamazine. This review summarizes the latest findings of the importance of eosinophil effector functions including the role of eosinophil-derived proteins in controlling filarial infections and their impact on filarial pathology analyzing both human and experimental animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ehrens
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P. Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
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95
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Dolitzky A, Hazut I, Avlas S, Grisaru-Tal S, Itan M, Zaffran I, Levi-Schaffer F, Gerlic M, Munitz A. Differential regulation of Type 1 and Type 2 mouse eosinophil activation by apoptotic cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041660. [PMID: 36389786 PMCID: PMC9662748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional, evolutionary conserved leukocytes that are involved in a plethora of responses ranging from regulation of tissue homeostasis, host defense and cancer. Although eosinophils have been studied mostly in the context of Type 2 inflammatory responses, it is now evident that they participate in Type 1 inflammatory responses and can respond to Type 1 cytokines such as IFN-γ. Notably, both Type 1- and Type 2 inflammatory environments are characterized by tissue damage and cell death. Collectively, this raises the possibility that eosinophils can interact with apoptotic cells, which can alter eosinophil activation in the inflammatory milieu. Herein, we demonstrate that eosinophils can bind and engulf apoptotic cells. We further show that exposure of eosinophils to apoptotic cells induces marked transcriptional changes in eosinophils, which polarize eosinophils towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype that is associated with wound healing and cell migration. Using an unbiased RNA sequencing approach, we demonstrate that apoptotic cells suppress the inflammatory responses of eosinophils that were activated with IFN-γ + E. coli (e.g., Type 1 eosinophils) and augment IL-4-induced eosinophil activation (e.g., Type 2 eosinophils). These data contribute to the growing understanding regarding the heterogeneity of eosinophil activation patterns and highlight apoptotic cells as potential regulators of eosinophil polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Dolitzky
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazut
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmulik Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Grisaru-Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Zaffran
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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96
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Matsuno O, Minamoto S. Benralizumab monotherapy was insufficient to induce remission in patients with active eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Respir Med Case Rep 2022; 40:101763. [PMID: 36353062 PMCID: PMC9637965 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2022.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play an important pathogenetic role in the development of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). EGPA has long been treated with systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. However, in recent years, biologic agents targeting eosinophils (anti-IL-5 antibody; mepolizumab) have also been used. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of using benralizumab, anti-IL-5 receptor α monoclonal antibody that depletes eosinophils via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, has been growing. Benralizumab is used as a steroid-sparing treatment option for EGPA. Clinical studies have evaluated the effects of using mepolizumab or benralizumab in combination with steroids for the treatment of EGPA. However, to date, there have been no reports of using biologics alone. Herein, we describe the case of a patient with active EGPA refractory to benralizumab monotherapy. The patient achieved significant improvement in symptoms after administration of corticosteroids during hospitalization. Benralizumab monotherapy might not be considered a therapeutic option for patients with active EGPA in whom corticosteroids are initially indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Matsuno
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicine for Allergic and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, 3-7-1 Habikino, Habikino city, Osaka, 583-8588, Japan.
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97
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Malta KK, Palazzi C, Neves VH, Aguiar Y, Silva TP, Melo RCN. Schistosomiasis Mansoni-Recruited Eosinophils: An Overview in the Granuloma Context. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102022. [PMID: 36296298 PMCID: PMC9607553 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are remarkably recruited during schistosomiasis mansoni, one of the most common parasitic diseases worldwide. These cells actively migrate and accumulate at sites of granulomatous inflammation termed granulomas, the main pathological feature of this disease. Eosinophils colonize granulomas as a robust cell population and establish complex interactions with other immune cells and with the granuloma microenvironment. Eosinophils are the most abundant cells in granulomas induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection, but their functions during this disease remain unclear and even controversial. Here, we explore the current information on eosinophils as components of Schistosoma mansoni granulomas in both humans and natural and experimental models and their potential significance as central cells triggered by this infection.
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98
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Weir C, Li J, Fulton R, Fernando SL. Development and initial validation of a modified lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) assay in patients with DRESS and AGEP. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 18:90. [PMID: 36210462 PMCID: PMC9548132 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is an in vitro assay used to diagnose drug induced hypersensitivity reactions by detecting the activation and expansion of drug-specific memory T cells to the suspected implicated drug. Traditionally radiolabelled thymidine (3H-thymidine) has been used but requires the handling and disposal of radioactive materials. Objective To examine safe alternatives to 3H-thymidine, test assay modifications for improved assay sensitivity and evaluate the modified LTT in patients with DRESS and AGEP. Methods Four proliferation detection assays (BRDU, CyQUANT™, MTT and XTT) were screened for LTT sensitivity. XTT the most sensitive and practical was selected for further evaluation Modifications like autologous serum (AS) and regulatory T cell depletion (T-REG) were tested for improved assay sensitivity. Finally, an initial evaluation of the XTT–LTT was performed in 8 patients with DRESS and 2 with AGEP including cytokine testing. Results Of the non-radioactive alternatives we tested, XTT a colorimetric assay was the most sensitive and practical to move to evaluation. The addition of AS increased background signal. Depletion of T-REGs improved sensitivity but cell sorting time and risk of contamination limited benefit. Of eight patients diagnosed with DRESS and 2 with AGEP tested with XTT–LTT assay results showed our assay matched clinical findings of implicated drugs in 8/10 patients when using a stimulation index (SI) ≥ 2 and 8/10 with analysis by ANOVA. All ten patients were correctly diagnosed by either analysis. Conclusion XTT appears to be a safe, viable alternative to 3H-thymidine, with high sensitivity and allowing direct cytokine quantification on specific patient cells.
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99
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Rosman Y, Hornik-Lurie T, Meir-Shafrir K, Lachover-Roth I, Cohen-Engler A, Munitz A, Confino-Cohen R. Changes in peripheral blood eosinophils may predict colorectal cancer – A retrospective study. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100696. [PMID: 36254184 PMCID: PMC9531278 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Eosinophils are traditionally associated and studied in context of allergic diseases. However, recent data implicate their involvement in mucosal tumors, especially in CRC where they may have an anti-tumorigenic function. Our objective was to evaluate whether trends in peripheral blood eosinophil numbers are associated with future diagnosis of CRC. Methods This retrospective cohort study included adult patients diagnosed with CRC compared to matched controls. We evaluated the linear change in the absolute number of eosinophils (ANE) in peripheral blood over time, described as a correlation coefficient (r). The timeline started 7 years and ended 3 months before diagnosis of CRC. Results We included 8334 CRC patient/control pairs. Over the study period, no linear correlation was found between levels of eosinophils and time in either group. In a subset of patients (1350, 8.1%), a positive linear correlation was found between levels of eosinophils and time. CRC was significantly more common in these patients (59% vs. 41%, p < 0.01). In a logistic regression, positive r was found to be an independent predictor for CRC (OR 1.31, 95%CI: 1.22–1.41, p < 0.001) with high specificity (0.93) but low sensitivity (0.1). Conclusion We found higher risk for CRC in patients with a positive linear increase in peripheral eosinophils over time. This may be an indirect clue that eosinophils play a role in the pathogenesis of CRC. Linear changes in ANE may be used in the future to improve screening measures for CRC. Trial registration Not relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Rosman
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Corresponding author. Allergy and Clinical Immunology unit, Meir medical Center, Tsharnichovsky 57, Cfar saba, Israel.
| | - Tzipi Hornik-Lurie
- Data Research Department, Meir Medical Center Research Institute, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Keren Meir-Shafrir
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Idit Lachover-Roth
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Cohen-Engler
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Confino-Cohen
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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100
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Ejima A, Abe S, Shimba A, Sato S, Uehata T, Tani-ichi S, Munakata S, Cui G, Takeuchi O, Hirai T, Kato S, Ikuta K. Androgens Alleviate Allergic Airway Inflammation by Suppressing Cytokine Production in Th2 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1083-1094. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Asthma is more common in females than males after adolescence. However, the mechanism of the sex bias in the prevalence of asthma remains unknown. To test whether sex steroid hormones have some roles in T cells during development of asthma, we analyzed airway inflammation in T cell–specific androgen receptor (AR)– and estrogen receptor (ER)–deficient mice. T cell–specific AR-deficient male mice developed severer house dust mite–induced allergic airway inflammation than did control male mice, whereas T cell–specific ERα- and ERβ-deficient female mice exhibited a similar degree of inflammation as for control female mice. Furthermore, administration of dihydrotestosterone reduced cytokine production of Th2 cells from control, but not AR-deficient, naive T cells. Transfer of OT-II transgenic AR-deficient Th2 cells into wild-type mice induced severer allergic airway inflammation by OVA than transfer of control Th2 cells. Gene expression profiling suggested that the expression of genes related with cell cycle and Th2 differentiation was elevated in AR-deficient Th2 cells, whereas expression of dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP)-2, a negative regulator of p38, was downregulated. In addition, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay suggested that AR bound to an AR motif in the 5′ untranslated region of the Dusp2 gene in Th2 cells. Furthermore, the Dusp2 promoter with a wild-type AR motif, but not a mutated motif, was transactivated by dihydrotestosterone in a reporter assay. Finally, forced expression of DUSP-2 by retrovirus vector reduced IL-4 expression in Th2 cells. Thus, these results suggest that androgen signaling suppresses cytokine production of Th2 cells by inducing DUSP-2, explaining, in part, the sex bias of asthma after adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ejima
- *Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- †Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- *Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimba
- *Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- ‡Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Sato
- §Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Uehata
- ¶Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shizue Tani-ichi
- *Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- ‡Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Munakata
- *Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- †Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Guangwei Cui
- *Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- ¶Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- §Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- ‖Graduate School of Life Science and Engineering, Iryo Sosei University, Iwaki, Japan
- #Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Japan; and
- **School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- *Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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