51
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Wei Y, de Lange SC, Pijnenburg R, Scholtens LH, Ardesch DJ, Watanabe K, Posthuma D, van den Heuvel MP. Statistical testing in transcriptomic-neuroimaging studies: A how-to and evaluation of methods assessing spatial and gene specificity. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:885-901. [PMID: 34862695 PMCID: PMC8764473 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiscale integration of gene transcriptomic and neuroimaging data is becoming a widely used approach for exploring the molecular underpinnings of large‐scale brain organization in health and disease. Proper statistical evaluation of determined associations between imaging‐based phenotypic and transcriptomic data is key in these explorations, in particular to establish whether observed associations exceed “chance level” of random, nonspecific effects. Recent approaches have shown the importance of statistical models that can correct for spatial autocorrelation effects in the data to avoid inflation of reported statistics. Here, we discuss the need for examination of a second category of statistical models in transcriptomic‐neuroimaging analyses, namely those that can provide “gene specificity.” By means of a couple of simple examples of commonly performed transcriptomic‐neuroimaging analyses, we illustrate some of the potentials and challenges of transcriptomic‐imaging analyses, showing that providing gene specificity on observed transcriptomic‐neuroimaging effects is of high importance to avoid reports of nonspecific effects. Through means of simulations we show that the rate of reported nonspecific effects (i.e., effects that cannot be specifically linked to a specific gene or gene‐set) can run as high as 60%, with only less than 5% of transcriptomic‐neuroimaging associations observed through ordinary linear regression analyses showing both spatial and gene specificity. We provide a discussion, a tutorial, and an easy‐to‐use toolbox for the different options of null models in transcriptomic‐neuroimaging analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wei
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siemon C de Lange
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory Pijnenburg
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne H Scholtens
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Ardesch
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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52
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Wei X, Centeno MV, Ren W, Borruto AM, Procissi D, Xu T, Jabakhanji R, Mao Z, Kim H, Li Y, Yang Y, Gutruf P, Rogers JA, Surmeier DJ, Radulovic J, Liu X, Martina M, Apkarian AV. Activation of the dorsal, but not the ventral, hippocampus relieves neuropathic pain in rodents. Pain 2021; 162:2865-2880. [PMID: 34160168 PMCID: PMC8464622 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence suggests hippocampal impairment under the chronic pain phenotype. However, it is unknown whether neuropathic behaviors are related to dysfunction of the hippocampal circuitry. Here, we enhanced hippocampal activity by pharmacological, optogenetic, and chemogenetic techniques to determine hippocampal influence on neuropathic pain behaviors. We found that excitation of the dorsal (DH), but not the ventral (VH) hippocampus induces analgesia in 2 rodent models of neuropathic pain (SNI and SNL) and in rats and mice. Optogenetic and pharmacological manipulations of DH neurons demonstrated that DH-induced analgesia was mediated by N-Methyl-D-aspartate and μ-opioid receptors. In addition to analgesia, optogenetic stimulation of the DH in SNI mice also resulted in enhanced real-time conditioned place preference for the chamber where the DH was activated, a finding consistent with pain relief. Similar manipulations in the VH were ineffective. Using chemo-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), where awake resting-state fMRI was combined with viral vector-mediated chemogenetic activation (PSAM/PSEM89s) of DH neurons, we demonstrated changes of functional connectivity between the DH and thalamus and somatosensory regions that tracked the extent of relief from tactile allodynia. Moreover, we examined hippocampal functional connectivity in humans and observe differential reorganization of its anterior and posterior subdivisions between subacute and chronic back pain. Altogether, these results imply that downregulation of the DH circuitry during chronic neuropathic pain aggravates pain-related behaviors. Conversely, activation of the DH reverses pain-related behaviors through local excitatory and opioidergic mechanisms affecting DH functional connectivity. Thus, this study exhibits a novel causal role for the DH but not the VH in controlling neuropathic pain-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Wei
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Departments of Physiology and
| | | | | | | | - Daniele Procissi
- Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Yajing Li
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and
- Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and
- Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and
- Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John A. Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and
- Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Xianguo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marco Martina
- Departments of Physiology and
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Apkar Vania Apkarian
- Departments of Physiology and
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, at Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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53
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Genon S, Bernhardt BC, La Joie R, Amunts K, Eickhoff SB. The many dimensions of human hippocampal organization and (dys)function. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:977-989. [PMID: 34756460 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The internal organization of hippocampal formation has been studied for more than a century. Although early accounts emphasized its subfields along the medial-lateral axis, findings in recent decades have highlighted also the anterior-to-posterior (i.e., longitudinal) axis as a key contributor to this brain region's functional organization. Hence, understanding of hippocampal function likely demands characterizing both medial-to-lateral and anterior-to-posterior axes, an approach that has been concretized by recent advances in in vivo parcellation and gradient mapping techniques. Following a short historical overview, we review the evidence provided by these approaches in brain-mapping studies, as well as the perspectives they open for addressing the behavioral relevance of the interacting organizational axes in healthy and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Genon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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54
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Sone D, Ahmad M, Thompson PJ, Baxendale S, Vos SB, Xiao F, de Tisi J, McEvoy AW, Miserocchi A, Duncan JS, Koepp MJ, Galovic M. Optimal Surgical Extent for Memory and Seizure Outcome in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2021; 91:131-144. [PMID: 34741484 PMCID: PMC8916104 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative memory decline is an important consequence of anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and the extent of resection may be a modifiable factor. This study aimed to define optimal resection margins for cognitive outcome while maintaining a high rate of postoperative seizure freedom. METHODS This cohort study evaluated the resection extent on postoperative structural MRI using automated voxel-based methods and manual measurements in 142 consecutive patients with unilateral drug refractory TLE (74 left, 68 right TLE) who underwent standard ATLR. RESULTS Voxel-wise analyses revealed that postsurgical verbal memory decline correlated with resections of the posterior hippocampus and inferior temporal gyrus, whereas larger resections of the fusiform gyrus were associated with worsening of visual memory in left TLE. Limiting the posterior extent of left hippocampal resection to 55% reduced the odds of significant postoperative verbal memory decline by a factor of 8.1 (95% CI 1.5-44.4, p = 0.02). Seizure freedom was not related to posterior resection extent, but to the piriform cortex removal after left ATLR. In right TLE, variability of the posterior extent of resection was not associated with verbal and visual memory decline or seizures after surgery. INTERPRETATION The extent of surgical resection is an independent and modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and seizures after left ATLR. Adapting the posterior extent of left ATLR might optimize postoperative outcome, with reduced risk of memory impairment while maintaining comparable seizure-freedom rates. The current, more lenient, approach might be appropriate for right ATLR. ANN NEUROL 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Sone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Ahmad
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sallie Baxendale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sjoerd B Vos
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK.,Neuroradiological Academic Unit, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fenglai Xiao
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Jane de Tisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrew W McEvoy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anna Miserocchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St Peter, UK.,Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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55
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Bijsterbosch JD, Valk SL, Wang D, Glasser MF. Recent developments in representations of the connectome. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118533. [PMID: 34469814 PMCID: PMC8842504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into the human connectome (i.e., all connections in the human brain) with the use of resting state functional MRI has rapidly increased in popularity in recent years, especially with the growing availability of large-scale neuroimaging datasets. The goal of this review article is to describe innovations in functional connectome representations that have come about in the past 8 years, since the 2013 NeuroImage special issue on 'Mapping the Connectome'. In the period, research has shifted from group-level brain parcellations towards the characterization of the individualized connectome and of relationships between individual connectomic differences and behavioral/clinical variation. Achieving subject-specific accuracy in parcel boundaries while retaining cross-subject correspondence is challenging, and a variety of different approaches are being developed to meet this challenge, including improved alignment, improved noise reduction, and robust group-to-subject mapping approaches. Beyond the interest in the individualized connectome, new representations of the data are being studied to complement the traditional parcellated connectome representation (i.e., pairwise connections between distinct brain regions), such as methods that capture overlapping and smoothly varying patterns of connectivity ('gradients'). These different connectome representations offer complimentary insights into the inherent functional organization of the brain, but challenges for functional connectome research remain. Interpretability will be improved by future research towards gaining insights into the neural mechanisms underlying connectome observations obtained from functional MRI. Validation studies comparing different connectome representations are also needed to build consensus and confidence to proceed with clinical trials that may produce meaningful clinical translation of connectome insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine D Bijsterbosch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Sofie L Valk
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; INM-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Danhong Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
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56
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Hansen JY, Markello RD, Vogel JW, Seidlitz J, Bzdok D, Misic B. Mapping gene transcription and neurocognition across human neocortex. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:1240-1250. [PMID: 33767429 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression drives protein interactions that govern synaptic wiring and neuronal activity. The resulting coordinated activity among neuronal populations supports complex psychological processes, yet how gene expression shapes cognition and emotion remains unknown. Here, we directly bridge the microscale and macroscale by mapping gene expression patterns to functional activation patterns across the cortical sheet. Applying unsupervised learning to the Allen Human Brain Atlas and Neurosynth databases, we identify a ventromedial-dorsolateral gradient of gene assemblies that separate affective and perceptual domains. This topographic molecular-psychological signature reflects the hierarchical organization of the neocortex, including systematic variations in cell type, myeloarchitecture, laminar differentiation and intrinsic network affiliation. In addition, this molecular-psychological signature strengthens over neurodevelopment and can be replicated in two independent repositories. Collectively, our results reveal spatially covarying transcriptomic and cognitive architectures, highlighting the influence that molecular mechanisms exert on psychological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y Hansen
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ross D Markello
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Mila, Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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57
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Cremona S, Zago L, Mellet E, Petit L, Laurent A, Pepe A, Tsuchida A, Beguedou N, Joliot M, Tzourio C, Mazoyer B, Crivello F. Novel characterization of the relationship between verbal list-learning outcomes and hippocampal subfields in healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5264-5277. [PMID: 34453474 PMCID: PMC8519870 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between hippocampal subfield volumetry and verbal list‐learning test outcomes have mostly been studied in clinical and elderly populations, and remain controversial. For the first time, we characterized a relationship between verbal list‐learning test outcomes and hippocampal subfield volumetry on two large separate datasets of 447 and 1,442 healthy young and middle‐aged adults, and explored the processes that could explain this relationship. We observed a replicable positive linear correlation between verbal list‐learning test free recall scores and CA1 volume, specific to verbal list learning as demonstrated by the hippocampal subfield volumetry independence from verbal intelligence. Learning meaningless items was also positively correlated with CA1 volume, pointing to the role of the test design rather than word meaning. Accordingly, we found that association‐based mnemonics mediated the relationship between verbal list‐learning test outcomes and CA1 volume. This mediation suggests that integrating items into associative representations during verbal list‐learning tests explains CA1 volume variations: this new explanation is consistent with the associative functions of the human CA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Cremona
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laure Zago
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Mellet
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Petit
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Laurent
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ami Tsuchida
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Naka Beguedou
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Joliot
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Université de Bordeaux - Département Santé publique, INSERM, BPH U 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Institut des maladies neurodégénératives clinique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
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Gradari S, Herrera A, Tezanos P, Fontán-Lozano Á, Pons S, Trejo JL. The Role of Smad2 in Adult Neuroplasticity as Seen through Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning/Memory and Neurogenesis. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6836-6849. [PMID: 34210778 PMCID: PMC8360684 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2619-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural plasticity is an important and intriguing phenomenon in the brain, and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is directly involved in modulating neural plasticity by mechanisms that are only partially understood. We have performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments to study Smad2, a transcription factor selected from genes that are demethylated after exercise through the analysis of an array of physical activity-induced factors, and their corresponding gene expression, and an efficient inducer of plasticity. In these studies, changes in cell number and morphology were analyzed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (cell proliferation and survival, including regional distribution, and structural maturation/differentiation, including arborization, dendritic spines, and neurotransmitter-specific vesicles) of sedentary male mice, after evaluation in a battery of behavioral tests. As a result, we reveal a role for Smad2 in the balance of proliferation versus maturation of differentiating immature cells (Smad2 silencing increases both the proliferation and survival of cycling cells in the dentate granule cell layer), and in the plasticity of both newborn and mature neurons in mice (by decreasing dendritic arborization and dendritic spine number). Moreover, Smad2 silencing specifically compromises spatial learning in mice (through impairments of spatial tasks acquisition both in long-term learning and working memory). These data suggest that Smad2 participates in adult neural plasticity by influencing the proliferation and maturation of dentate gyrus neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Smad2 is one of the main components of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. The commitment of cell fate in the nervous system is tightly coordinated by SMAD2 signaling, as are further differentiation steps (e.g., dendrite and axon growth, myelination, and synapse formation). However, there are no studies that have directly evaluated the role of Smad2 gene in hippocampus of adult animals. Modulation of these parameters in the adult hippocampus can affect hippocampal-dependent behaviors, which may shed light on the mechanisms that regulate adult neurogenesis and behavior. We demonstrate here a role for Smad2 in the maturation of differentiating immature cells and in the plasticity of mature neurons. Moreover, Smad2 silencing specifically compromises the spatial learning abilities of adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gradari
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Herrera
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Tezanos
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sebastián Pons
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Trejo
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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59
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of new public datasets of brain-wide and single-cell transcriptome data has created new opportunities to link neuroimaging findings with genetic data. The aim of this study is to present the different methodological approaches that have been used to combine this data. RECENT FINDINGS Drawing from various sources of open access data, several studies have been able to correlate neuroimaging maps with spatial distribution of brain expression. These efforts have enabled researchers to identify functional annotations of related genes, identify specific cell types related to brain phenotypes, study the expression of genes across life span and highlight the importance of selected brain genes in disease genetic networks. SUMMARY New transcriptome datasets and methodological approaches complement current neuroimaging work and will be crucial to improve our understanding of the biological mechanism that underlies many neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai Diez
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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60
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Ayhan F, Kulkarni A, Berto S, Sivaprakasam K, Douglas C, Lega BC, Konopka G. Resolving cellular and molecular diversity along the hippocampal anterior-to-posterior axis in humans. Neuron 2021; 109:2091-2105.e6. [PMID: 34051145 PMCID: PMC8273123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus supports many facets of cognition, including learning, memory, and emotional processing. Anatomically, the hippocampus runs along a longitudinal axis, posterior to anterior in primates. The structure, function, and connectivity of the hippocampus vary along this axis. In human hippocampus, longitudinal functional heterogeneity remains an active area of investigation, and structural heterogeneity has not been described. To understand the cellular and molecular diversity along the hippocampal long axis in human brain and define molecular signatures corresponding to functional domains, we performed single-nuclei RNA sequencing on surgically resected human anterior and posterior hippocampus from epilepsy patients, identifying differentially expressed genes at cellular resolution. We further identify axis- and cell-type-specific gene expression signatures that differentially intersect with human genetic signals, identifying cell-type-specific genes in the posterior hippocampus for cognitive function and the anterior hippocampus for mood and affect. These data are accessible as a public resource through an interactive website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ayhan
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Connor Douglas
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bradley C Lega
- Department of Neurosurgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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61
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A short review on emotion processing: a lateralized network of neuronal networks. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:673-684. [PMID: 34216271 PMCID: PMC8844151 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emotions are valenced mental responses and associated physiological reactions that occur spontaneously and automatically in response to internal or external stimuli, and can influence our behavior, and can themselves be modulated to a certain degree voluntarily or by external stimuli. They are subserved by large-scale integrated neuronal networks with epicenters in the amygdala and the hippocampus, and which overlap in the anterior cingulate cortex. Although emotion processing is accepted as being lateralized, the specific role of each hemisphere remains an issue of controversy, and two major hypotheses have been proposed. In the right-hemispheric dominance hypothesis, all emotions are thought to be processed in the right hemisphere, independent of their valence or of the emotional feeling being processed. In the valence lateralization hypothesis, the left is thought to be dominant for the processing of positively valenced stimuli, or of stimuli inducing approach behaviors, whereas negatively valenced stimuli, or stimuli inducing withdrawal behaviors, would be processed in the right hemisphere. More recent research points at the existence of multiple interrelated networks, each associated with the processing of a specific component of emotion generation, i.e., its generation, perception, and regulation. It has thus been proposed to move from hypotheses supporting an overall hemispheric specialization for emotion processing toward dynamic models incorporating multiple interrelated networks which do not necessarily share the same lateralization patterns.
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62
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Levone BR, Codagnone MG, Moloney GM, Nolan YM, Cryan JF, O' Leary OF. Adult-born neurons from the dorsal, intermediate, and ventral regions of the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus exhibit differential sensitivity to glucocorticoids. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3240-3252. [PMID: 32709996 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis has been shown to play roles in learning, memory, and stress responses. These diverse roles may be related to a functional segregation of the hippocampus along its longitudinal axis. Indeed, the dorsal hippocampus (dHi) plays a predominant role in spatial learning and memory, while the ventral hippocampus (vHi) is predominantly involved in the regulation of anxiety, a behaviour impacted by stress. Recent studies suggest that the area between them, the intermediate hippocampus (iHi) may also be functionally independent. In parallel, it has been reported that chronic stress reduces neurogenesis preferentially in the vHi rather the dHi. We thus aimed to determine whether such stress-induced changes in neurogenesis could be related to differential intrinsic sensitivity of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from the dHi, iHi, or vHi to the stress hormone, corticosterone, or the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist, dexamethasone. Long-term exposure of rat NPCs to corticosterone or dexamethasone decreased neuronal differentiation in the vHi but not the dHi, while iHi cultures showed an intermediate response. A similar gradient-like response on neuronal differentiation and maturation was observed with dexamethasone treatment. This gradient-like effect was also observed on GR nuclear translocation in response to corticosterone or dexamethasone. Long-term exposure to corticosterone or dexamethasone treatment also tended to induce a greater downregulation of GR-associated genes in vHi-derived neurons compared to those from the dHi and iHi. These data suggest that increased intrinsic sensitivity of vHi NPC-derived neurons to chronic glucocorticoid exposure may underlie the increased vulnerability of the vHi to chronic stress-induced reductions in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno Rocha Levone
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G Codagnone
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F O' Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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63
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McCutcheon RA, Brown K, Nour MM, Smith SM, Veronese M, Zelaya F, Osugo M, Jauhar S, Hallett W, Mehta MM, Howes OD. Dopaminergic organization of striatum is linked to cortical activity and brain expression of genes associated with psychiatric illness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/24/eabg1512. [PMID: 34108214 PMCID: PMC8189589 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine signaling is constrained to discrete tracts yet has brain-wide effects on neural activity. The nature of this relationship between local dopamine signaling and brain-wide neuronal activity is not clearly defined and has relevance for neuropsychiatric illnesses where abnormalities of cortical activity and dopamine signaling coexist. Using simultaneous PET-MRI in healthy volunteers, we find strong evidence that patterns of striatal dopamine signaling and cortical blood flow (an index of local neural activity) contain shared information. This shared information links amphetamine-induced changes in gradients of striatal dopamine receptor availability to changes in brain-wide blood flow and is informed by spatial patterns of gene expression enriched for genes implicated in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. These results advance our knowledge of the relationship between cortical function and striatal dopamine, with relevance for understanding pathophysiology and treatment of diseases in which simultaneous aberrations of these systems exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Brown
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew M Nour
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Oxford University Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Oxford, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Osugo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William Hallett
- Invicro Imaging Services, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Mitul M Mehta
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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64
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Barnett AJ, Reilly W, Dimsdale-Zucker HR, Mizrak E, Reagh Z, Ranganath C. Intrinsic connectivity reveals functionally distinct cortico-hippocampal networks in the human brain. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001275. [PMID: 34077415 PMCID: PMC8202937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory depends on interactions between the hippocampus and interconnected neocortical regions. Here, using data-driven analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we identified the networks that interact with the hippocampus-the default mode network (DMN) and a "medial temporal network" (MTN) that included regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and precuneus. We observed that the MTN plays a critical role in connecting the visual network to the DMN and hippocampus. The DMN could be further divided into 3 subnetworks: a "posterior medial" (PM) subnetwork comprised of posterior cingulate and lateral parietal cortices; an "anterior temporal" (AT) subnetwork comprised of regions in the temporopolar and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; and a "medial prefrontal" (MP) subnetwork comprised of regions primarily in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). These networks vary in their functional connectivity (FC) along the hippocampal long axis and represent different kinds of information during memory-guided decision-making. Finally, a Neurosynth meta-analysis of fMRI studies suggests new hypotheses regarding the functions of the MTN and DMN subnetworks, providing a framework to guide future research on the neural architecture of episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Barnett
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Walter Reilly
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Eda Mizrak
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zachariah Reagh
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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65
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Bidirectional propagation of low frequency oscillations over the human hippocampal surface. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2764. [PMID: 33980852 PMCID: PMC8115072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is diversely interconnected with other brain systems along its axis. Cycles of theta-frequency activity are believed to propagate from the septal to temporal pole, yet it is unclear how this one-way route supports the flexible cognitive capacities of this structure. We leveraged novel thin-film microgrid arrays conformed to the human hippocampal surface to track neural activity two-dimensionally in vivo. All oscillation frequencies identified between 1-15 Hz propagated across the tissue. Moreover, they dynamically shifted between two roughly opposite directions oblique to the long axis. This predominant propagation axis was mirrored across participants, hemispheres, and consciousness states. Directionality was modulated in a participant who performed a behavioral task, and it could be predicted by wave amplitude topography over the hippocampal surface. Our results show that propagation directions may thus represent distinct meso-scale network computations, operating along versatile spatiotemporal processing routes across the hippocampal body.
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66
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Levone BR, Moloney GM, Cryan JF, O'Leary OF. Specific sub-regions along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus mediate antidepressant-like behavioral effects. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100331. [PMID: 33997156 PMCID: PMC8100619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current antidepressants are suboptimal due incomplete understanding of the neurobiology underlying their behavioral effects. However, imaging studies suggest the hippocampus is a key brain region underpinning antidepressant action. There is increasing attention on the functional segregation of the hippocampus into a dorsal region (dHi) predominantly involved in spatial learning and memory, and a ventral region (vHi) which regulates anxiety, a symptom often co-morbid with depression. However, little is known about the roles of these hippocampal sub-regions in the antidepressant response. Moreover, the area between them, the intermediate hippocampus (iHi), has received little attention. Here, we investigated the impact of dHi, iHi or vHi lesions on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors under baseline or antidepressant treatment conditions in male C57BL/6 mice (n = 8-10). We found that in the absence of fluoxetine, vHi lesions reduced anxiety-like behavior, while none of the lesions affected other antidepressant-sensitive behaviors. vHi lesions prevented the acute antidepressant-like behavioral effects of fluoxetine in the tail suspension test and its anxiolytic effects in the novelty-induced hypophagia test. Intriguingly, only iHi lesions prevented the antidepressant effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment in the forced swim test. dHi lesions did not impact any behaviors either in the absence or presence of fluoxetine. In summary, we found that vHi plays a key role in anxiety-like behavior and its modulation by fluoxetine, while both iHi and vHi play distinct roles in fluoxetine-induced antidepressant-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno Rocha Levone
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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67
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Bussy A, Patel R, Plitman E, Tullo S, Salaciak A, Bedford SA, Farzin S, Béland ML, Valiquette V, Kazazian C, Tardif CL, Devenyi GA, Chakravarty MM. Hippocampal shape across the healthy lifespan and its relationship with cognition. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:153-168. [PMID: 34280848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of the hippocampus across the healthy adult lifespan has rendered inconsistent findings. While volumetric measurements have often been a popular technique for analysis, more advanced morphometric techniques have demonstrated compelling results that highlight the importance and improved specificity of shape-based measures. Here, the MAGeT Brain algorithm was applied on 134 healthy individuals aged 18-81 years old to extract hippocampal subfield volumes and hippocampal shape measurements, namely: local surface area (SA) and displacement. We used linear-, second- or third-order natural splines to examine the relationships between hippocampal measures and age. In addition, partial least squares analyses were performed to relate volume and shape measurements with cognitive and demographic information. Volumetric results indicated a relative preservation of the right cornus ammonis 1 with age and a global volume reduction linked with older age, female sex, lower levels of education and cognitive performance. Vertex-wise analysis demonstrated an SA preservation in the anterior hippocampus with a peak during the sixth decade, while the posterior hippocampal SA gradually decreased across lifespan. Overall, SA decrease was linked to older age, female sex and, to a lesser extent lower levels of education and cognitive performance. Outward displacement in the lateral hippocampus and inward displacement in the medial hippocampus were enlarged with older age, lower levels of cognition and education, indicating an accentuation of the hippocampal "C" shape with age. Taken together, our findings suggest that vertex-wise analyses have higher spatial specifity and that sex, education, and cognition are implicated in the differential impact of age on hippocampal subregions throughout its anteroposterior and medial-lateral axes. This article is part of the Virtual Special Issue titled COGNITIVE NEU- ROSCIENCE OF HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL AGING. The full issue can be found on ScienceDirect at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neurobiology-of-aging/special-issue/105379XPWJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bussy
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Raihaan Patel
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Plitman
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tullo
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alyssa Salaciak
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saashi A Bedford
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Farzin
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Lise Béland
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa Valiquette
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christina Kazazian
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine L Tardif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Computional Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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68
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Gyger L, Regen F, Ramponi C, Marquis R, Mall JF, Swierkosz-Lenart K, von Gunten A, Toni N, Kherif F, Heuser I, Draganski B. Gradient of electro-convulsive therapy's antidepressant effects along the longitudinal hippocampal axis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:191. [PMID: 33782387 PMCID: PMC8007583 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of successful treatment of therapy-resistant depression and major scientific advances in the field, our knowledge about electro-convulsive therapy's (ECT) mechanisms of action is still scarce. Building on strong empirical evidence for ECT-induced hippocampus anatomy changes, we sought to test the hypothesis that ECT has a differential impact along the hippocampus longitudinal axis. We acquired behavioural and brain anatomy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in patients with depressive episode undergoing ECT (n = 9) or pharmacotherapy (n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 30) at two time points 3 months apart. Using whole-brain voxel-based statistical parametric mapping and topographic analysis focused on the hippocampus, we observed ECT-induced gradient of grey matter volume increase along the hippocampal longitudinal axis with predominant impact on its anterior portion. Clinical outcome measures showed strong correlations with both baseline volume and rate of ECT-induced change exclusively for the anterior, but not posterior hippocampus. We interpret our findings confined to the anterior hippocampus and amygdala as additional evidence of the regional specific impact of ECT that unfolds its beneficial effect on depression via the "limbic" system. Main limitations of the study are patients' polypharmacy, heterogeneity of psychiatric diagnosis, and long-time interval between scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Gyger
- LREN, Dept. of clinical neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Regen
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Ramponi
- LREN, Dept. of clinical neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Marquis
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Frederic Mall
- Old Age Psychiatry service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Swierkosz-Lenart
- Old Age Psychiatry service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Old Age Psychiatry service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Toni
- Centre for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- LREN, Dept. of clinical neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Dept. of clinical neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Neurology Department, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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69
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Li Q, Tavakol S, Royer J, Larivière S, Vos De Wael R, Park BY, Paquola C, Zeng D, Caldairou B, Bassett DS, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N, Frauscher B, Smallwood J, Caciagli L, Li S, Bernhardt BC. Atypical neural topographies underpin dysfunctional pattern separation in temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 2021; 144:2486-2498. [PMID: 33730163 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory is the ability to accurately remember events from our past. The process of pattern separation is hypothesized to underpin this ability and is defined as the ability to orthogonalize memory traces, to maximize the features that make them unique. Contemporary cognitive neuroscience suggests that pattern separation entails complex interactions between the hippocampus and the neocortex, where specific hippocampal subregions shape neural reinstatement in the neocortex. To test this hypothesis, the current work studied both healthy controls and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who present with hippocampal structural anomalies. In all participants, we measured neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they retrieved memorized items compared to lure items which share features with the target. Behaviorally, TLE patients were less able to exclude lures than controls, and showed a reduction in pattern separation. To assess the hypothesized relationship between neural patterns in the hippocampus and the neocortex, we identified topographic gradients of intrinsic connectivity along neocortical and hippocampal subfield surfaces and identified the topographic profile of the neural activity accompanying pattern separation. In healthy controls, pattern separation followed a graded pattern of neural activity, both along the hippocampal long axis (and peaked in anterior segments that are more heavily engaged in transmodal processing) and along the neocortical hierarchy running from unimodal to transmodal regions (peaking in transmodal default mode regions). In TLE patients, however, this concordance between task-based functional activations and topographic gradients was markedly reduced. Furthermore, person specific measures of concordance between task-related activity and connectivity gradients in patients and controls related to inter-individual differences in behavioral measures of pattern separation and episodic memory, highlighting the functional relevance of the observed topographic motifs. Our work is consistent with an emerging understanding that successful discrimination between memories with similar features entails a shift in the locus of neural activity away from sensory systems, a pattern that is mirrored along the hippocampal long axis and with respect to neocortical hierarchies. More broadly, our study establishes topographic profiling using intrinsic connectivity gradients captures the functional underpinnings of episodic memory processes in manner that is sensitive to their reorganization in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongling Li
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shahin Tavakol
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jessica Royer
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sara Larivière
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Reinder Vos De Wael
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bo-Yong Park
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Casey Paquola
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Debin Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Benoit Caldairou
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Shuyu Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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70
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Selvaggi P, Rizzo G, Mehta MA, Turkheimer FE, Veronese M. Integration of human whole-brain transcriptome and neuroimaging data: Practical considerations of current available methods. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 355:109128. [PMID: 33722642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) is the first example of human brain transcriptomic mappings and detailed anatomical annotations which, for the first time, has allowed the integration of human brain transcriptomics with neuroimaging. This has been made possible because the AHBA offered an original dataset that contains mRNA expression measures for >20,000 genes covering the whole brain and, critically, in a standard stereotaxic space. In recent years many different methods have been used to integrate this data set with brain imaging data, although this endeavour has lacked harmony in terms of the workflow of data processing and subsequent analyses. In this work we discuss five main issues that experience has highlighted as in need of thorough consideration when integrating the AHBA with neuroimaging. These concerns are corroborated by comparing the performance of three different publicly available methods in correlating the same measures of serotonin receptors density with the correspondent AHBA mRNA maps. In this representative case, we were able to show how these methods can lead to discrepant results, suggesting that processing options are not neutral. We believe that the field should take into serious consideration these issues as they could undermine reproducibility and, in the end, the intrinsic value of the AHBA. We also advise on possible strategies to overcome these discrepancies. Finally, we encourage authors towards practices that will improve reproducibility such as transparency in reporting, algorithm and data sharing, collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Gaia Rizzo
- Invicro, W12 0NN, London, UK; Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW72AZ, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Federico E Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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71
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Girardi-Schappo M, Fadaie F, Lee HM, Caldairou B, Sziklas V, Crane J, Bernhardt BC, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N. Altered communication dynamics reflect cognitive deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62:1022-1033. [PMID: 33705572 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is recognized as a system-level disorder, little work has investigated pathoconnectomics from a dynamic perspective. By leveraging computational simulations that quantify patterns of information flow across the connectome, we tested the hypothesis that network communication is abnormal in this condition, studied the interplay between hippocampal- and network-level disease effects, and assessed associations with cognition. METHODS We simulated signal spreading via a linear threshold model that temporally evolves on a structural graph derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), comparing a homogeneous group of 31 patients with histologically proven hippocampal sclerosis to 31 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We evaluated the modulatory effects of structural alterations of the neocortex and hippocampus on network dynamics. Furthermore, multivariate statistics addressed the relationship with cognitive parameters. RESULTS We observed a slowing of in- and out-spreading times across multiple areas bilaterally, indexing delayed information flow, with the strongest effects in ipsilateral frontotemporal regions, thalamus, and hippocampus. Effects were markedly reduced when controlling for hippocampal volume but not cortical thickness, underscoring the central role of the hippocampus in whole-brain disease expression. Multivariate analysis associated slower spreading time in frontoparietal, limbic, default mode, and subcortical networks with impairment across tasks tapping into sensorimotor, executive, memory, and verbal abilities. SIGNIFICANCE Moving beyond descriptions of static topology toward the formulation of brain dynamics, our work provides novel insight into structurally mediated network dysfunction and demonstrates that altered whole-brain communication dynamics contribute to common cognitive difficulties in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Girardi-Schappo
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Fadaie
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hyo Min Lee
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Caldairou
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Viviane Sziklas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joelle Crane
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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72
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Meng Y, Yang S, Chen H, Li J, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Lu G, Zhang Z, Liao W. Systematically disrupted functional gradient of the cortical connectome in generalized epilepsy: Initial discovery and independent sample replication. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117831. [PMID: 33549757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic generalized epilepsy is a network disorder typically involving distributed areas identified by classical neuroanatomy. However, the finer topological relationships in terms of continuous spatial arrangement between these systems are still ambiguous. Connectome gradients provide the topological representations of human macroscale hierarchy in an abstract low-dimensional space by embedding the functional connectome into a set of axes. Leveraging connectome gradients, we systematically scrutinized abnormalities of functional connectome gradient in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizure (GGE-GTCS, n = 78) compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 85), and further examined the reproducibility across multiple processing configurations and in an independent validation sample (patients with GGE-GTCS, n = 28; HC, n = 31). Our findings demonstrated an extended principal gradient at different spatial scales, network-level and vertex-level, in patients with GGE-GTCS. We found consistent results across processing parameters and in validation sample. The extended principal gradient revealed the excessive functional segregation between unimodal and transmodal systems associated with duration of epilepsy and age at seizure onset in patients. Furthermore, the connectivity profile of regions with abnormal principal gradients verified the disrupted functional hierarchy revealed by gradients. Together, our findings provided a novel view of functional system hierarchy alterations, which facilitated a continuous spatial arrangement of macroscale networks, to increase our understanding of the functional connectome hierarchy in generalized epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China; MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China
| | - Siqi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China; MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China; MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China.
| | - Jiao Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China; MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P R China
| | - Qirui Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P R China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P R China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P R China.
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China; MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P R China.
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73
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Paquola C, Benkarim O, DeKraker J, Larivière S, Frässle S, Royer J, Tavakol S, Valk S, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N, Khan A, Evans AC, Razi A, Smallwood J, Bernhardt BC. Convergence of cortical types and functional motifs in the human mesiotemporal lobe. eLife 2020; 9:e60673. [PMID: 33146610 PMCID: PMC7671688 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesiotemporal lobe (MTL) is implicated in many cognitive processes, is compromised in numerous brain disorders, and exhibits a gradual cytoarchitectural transition from six-layered parahippocampal isocortex to three-layered hippocampal allocortex. Leveraging an ultra-high-resolution histological reconstruction of a human brain, our study showed that the dominant axis of MTL cytoarchitectural differentiation follows the iso-to-allocortical transition and depth-specific variations in neuronal density. Projecting the histology-derived MTL model to in-vivo functional MRI, we furthermore determined how its cytoarchitecture underpins its intrinsic effective connectivity and association to large-scale networks. Here, the cytoarchitectural gradient was found to underpin intrinsic effective connectivity of the MTL, but patterns differed along the anterior-posterior axis. Moreover, while the iso-to-allocortical gradient parametrically represented the multiple-demand relative to task-negative networks, anterior-posterior gradients represented transmodal versus unimodal networks. Our findings establish that the combination of micro- and macrostructural features allow the MTL to represent dominant motifs of whole-brain functional organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Paquola
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Oualid Benkarim
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Jordan DeKraker
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - Sara Larivière
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Stefan Frässle
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jessica Royer
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Shahin Tavakol
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Sofie Valk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging Of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging Of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Ali Khan
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - Alan C Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | | | | | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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74
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Burt JB, Helmer M, Shinn M, Anticevic A, Murray JD. Generative modeling of brain maps with spatial autocorrelation. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117038. [PMID: 32585343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of large-scale brain organization have revealed interesting relationships between spatial gradients in brain maps across multiple modalities. Evaluating the significance of these findings requires establishing statistical expectations under a null hypothesis of interest. Through generative modeling of synthetic data that instantiate a specific null hypothesis, quantitative benchmarks can be derived for arbitrarily complex statistical measures. Here, we present a generative null model, provided as an open-access software platform, that generates surrogate maps with spatial autocorrelation (SA) matched to SA of a target brain map. SA is a prominent and ubiquitous property of brain maps that violates assumptions of independence in conventional statistical tests. Our method can simulate surrogate brain maps, constrained by empirical data, that preserve the SA of cortical, subcortical, parcellated, and dense brain maps. We characterize how SA impacts p-values in pairwise brain map comparisons. Furthermore, we demonstrate how SA-preserving surrogate maps can be used in gene set enrichment analyses to test hypotheses of interest related to brain map topography. Our findings demonstrate the utility of SA-preserving surrogate maps for hypothesis testing in complex statistical analyses, and underscore the need to disambiguate meaningful relationships from chance associations in studies of large-scale brain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxwell Shinn
- Yale University, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, USA; Yale University, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA
| | - John D Murray
- Yale University, Department of Physics, USA; Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, USA; Yale University, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA.
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75
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Lothmann K, Deitersen J, Zilles K, Amunts K, Herold C. New boundaries and dissociation of the mouse hippocampus along the dorsal-ventral axis based on glutamatergic, GABAergic and catecholaminergic receptor densities. Hippocampus 2020; 31:56-78. [PMID: 32986281 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, gene-expression, neuronal tuning, connectivity and neurogenesis studies have postulated that the dorsal, the intermediate and the ventral hippocampal formation (HF) are distinct entities. These findings are underpinned by behavioral studies showing a dissociable role of dorsal and ventral HF in learning, memory, stress and emotional processing. However, up to now, the molecular basis of such differences in relation to discrete boundaries is largely unknown. Therefore, we analyzed binding site densities for glutamatergic AMPA, NMDA, kainate and mGluR2/3 , GABAergic GABAA (including benzodiazepine binding sites), GABAB , dopaminergic D1/5 and noradrenergic α1 and α2 receptors as key modulators for signal transmission in hippocampal functions, using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography along the dorsal-ventral axis of the mouse HF. Beside general different receptor profiles of the dentate gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis fields (CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4/hilus), we detected substantial differences between dorsal, intermediate and ventral subdivisions and individual layers for all investigated receptor types, except GABAB . For example, striking higher densities of α2 receptors were detected in the ventral DG, while the dorsal DG possesses higher numbers of kainate, NMDA, GABAA and D1/5 receptors. CA1 dorsal and intermediate subdivisions showed higher AMPA, NMDA, mGluR2/3 , GABAA , D1/5 receptors, while kainate receptors are higher expressed in ventral CA1, and noradrenergic α1 and α2 receptors in the intermediate region of CA1. CA2 dorsal was distinguished by higher kainate, α1 and α2 receptors in the intermediate region, while CA3 showed a more complex dissociation. Our findings resulted not only in a clear segmentation of the mouse hippocampus along the dorsal-ventral axis, but also provides insights into the neurochemical basis and likely associated physiological processes in hippocampal functions. Therein, the presented data has a high impact for future studies modeling and investigating dorsal, intermediate and ventral hippocampal dysfunction in relation to neurodegenerative diseases or psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Lothmann
- C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Clinic Düsseldof, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Deitersen
- C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Clinic Düsseldof, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Clinic Düsseldof, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Herold
- C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Clinic Düsseldof, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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76
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Convergent molecular, cellular, and cortical neuroimaging signatures of major depressive disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25138-25149. [PMID: 32958675 PMCID: PMC7547155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008004117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a debilitating condition with diverse neuroimaging correlates, including cortical thinning in medial prefrontal cortex and altered functional connectivity of cortical association networks. However, the molecular bases of these imaging markers remain ambiguous, despite a need for treatment targets and mechanisms. Here, we advance cross-modal approaches to identify cell types and gene transcripts associated with depression-implicated cortex. Across multiple population-imaging datasets (combined N ≥ 23,723) and ex vivo patient cortical tissue, somatostatin interneurons and astrocytes emerge as replicable cell-level correlates of depression and negative affect. These data identify transcripts, cell types, and molecular processes associated with neuroimaging markers of depression and offer a roadmap for integrating in vivo clinical imaging with genetic and postmortem patient transcriptional data. Major depressive disorder emerges from the complex interactions of biological systems that span genes and molecules through cells, networks, and behavior. Establishing how neurobiological processes coalesce to contribute to depression requires a multiscale approach, encompassing measures of brain structure and function as well as genetic and cell-specific transcriptional data. Here, we examine anatomical (cortical thickness) and functional (functional variability, global brain connectivity) correlates of depression and negative affect across three population-imaging datasets: UK Biobank, Brain Genomics Superstruct Project, and Enhancing NeuroImaging through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA; combined n ≥ 23,723). Integrative analyses incorporate measures of cortical gene expression, postmortem patient transcriptional data, depression genome-wide association study (GWAS), and single-cell gene transcription. Neuroimaging correlates of depression and negative affect were consistent across three independent datasets. Linking ex vivo gene down-regulation with in vivo neuroimaging, we find that transcriptional correlates of depression imaging phenotypes track gene down-regulation in postmortem cortical samples of patients with depression. Integrated analysis of single-cell and Allen Human Brain Atlas expression data reveal somatostatin interneurons and astrocytes to be consistent cell associates of depression, through both in vivo imaging and ex vivo cortical gene dysregulation. Providing converging evidence for these observations, GWAS-derived polygenic risk for depression was enriched for genes expressed in interneurons, but not glia. Underscoring the translational potential of multiscale approaches, the transcriptional correlates of depression-linked brain function and structure were enriched for disorder-relevant molecular pathways. These findings bridge levels to connect specific genes, cell classes, and biological pathways to in vivo imaging correlates of depression.
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77
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Sahakyan L, Meller T, Evermann U, Schmitt S, Pfarr JK, Sommer J, Kwapil TR, Nenadić I. Anterior vs Posterior Hippocampal Subfields in an Extended Psychosis Phenotype of Multidimensional Schizotypy in a Nonclinical Sample. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:207-218. [PMID: 32691055 PMCID: PMC8208318 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have implicated involvement of the hippocampus in the etiology and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology, and reduced hippocampal volume is one of the most robust brain abnormalities reported in schizophrenia. Recent studies indicate that early stages of schizophrenia are specifically characterized by reductions in anterior hippocampal volume; however, studies have not examined hippocampal volume reductions in subclinical schizotypy. The present study was the first to examine the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy dimensions with hippocampal subfield volumes in a large sample (n = 195) of nonclinically ascertained young adults, phenotyped using the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS). Hippocampal subfields were analyzed from high-resolution 3 Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging scans testing anatomical models, including anterior vs posterior regions and the cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum subfields separately for the left and right hemispheres. We demonstrate differential spatial effects across anterior vs posterior hippocampus segments across different dimensions of the schizotypy risk phenotype. The interaction of negative and disorganized schizotypy robustly predicted left hemisphere volumetric reductions for the anterior and total hippocampus, and anterior CA and DG, and the largest reductions were seen in participants high in negative and disorganized schizotypy. These findings extend previous early psychosis studies and together with behavioral studies of hippocampal-related memory impairments provide the basis for a dimensional neurobiological hippocampal model of schizophrenia risk. Subtle hippocampal subfield volume reductions may be prevalent prior to the onset of detectable prodromal clinical symptoms of psychosis and play a role in the etiology and development of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sahakyan
- Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL
| | - Tina Meller
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrika Evermann
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Sommer
- Core Facility BrainImaging, School of Medicine, Philipps-University
Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas R Kwapil
- Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg,
Germany; tel: +49-6421-58-65002, fax: +49-6421-58-68939, e-mail:
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78
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Anderson KM, Collins MA, Chin R, Ge T, Rosenberg MD, Holmes AJ. Transcriptional and imaging-genetic association of cortical interneurons, brain function, and schizophrenia risk. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2889. [PMID: 32514083 PMCID: PMC7280213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons orchestrate information flow across the cortex and are implicated in psychiatric illness. Although interneuron classes have unique functional properties and spatial distributions, the influence of interneuron subtypes on brain function, cortical specialization, and illness risk remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate stereotyped negative correlation of somatostatin and parvalbumin transcripts within human and non-human primates. Cortical distributions of somatostatin and parvalbumin cell gene markers are strongly coupled to regional differences in functional MRI variability. In the general population (n = 9,713), parvalbumin-linked genes account for an enriched proportion of heritable variance in in-vivo functional MRI signal amplitude. Single-marker and polygenic cell deconvolution establish that this relationship is spatially dependent, following the topography of parvalbumin expression in post-mortem brain tissue. Finally, schizophrenia genetic risk is enriched among interneuron-linked genes and predicts cortical signal amplitude in parvalbumin-biased regions. These data indicate that the molecular-genetic basis of brain function is shaped by interneuron-related transcripts and may capture individual differences in schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Meghan A Collins
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rowena Chin
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Monica D Rosenberg
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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79
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Goyal A, Miller J, Qasim SE, Watrous AJ, Zhang H, Stein JM, Inman CS, Gross RE, Willie JT, Lega B, Lin JJ, Sharan A, Wu C, Sperling MR, Sheth SA, McKhann GM, Smith EH, Schevon C, Jacobs J. Functionally distinct high and low theta oscillations in the human hippocampus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2469. [PMID: 32424312 PMCID: PMC7235253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on rodent models, researchers have theorized that the hippocampus supports episodic memory and navigation via the theta oscillation, a ~4-10 Hz rhythm that coordinates brain-wide neural activity. However, recordings from humans have indicated that hippocampal theta oscillations are lower in frequency and less prevalent than in rodents, suggesting interspecies differences in theta's function. To characterize human hippocampal theta, we examine the properties of theta oscillations throughout the anterior-posterior length of the hippocampus as neurosurgical subjects performed a virtual spatial navigation task. During virtual movement, we observe hippocampal oscillations at multiple frequencies from 2 to 14 Hz. The posterior hippocampus prominently displays oscillations at ~8-Hz and the precise frequency of these oscillations correlates with the speed of movement, implicating these signals in spatial navigation. We also observe slower ~3 Hz oscillations, but these signals are more prevalent in the anterior hippocampus and their frequency does not vary with movement speed. Our results converge with recent findings to suggest an updated view of human hippocampal electrophysiology. Rather than one hippocampal theta oscillation with a single general role, high- and low-frequency theta oscillations, respectively, may reflect spatial and non-spatial cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Goyal
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Salman E Qasim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Honghui Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Joel M Stein
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cory S Inman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bradley Lega
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jui-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ashwini Sharan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 9107, USA
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 9107, USA
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elliot H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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80
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Navarro-Lobato I, Genzel L. Anterior to Posterior Whole-Brain Gradient for Different Types of Memories? Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:451-453. [PMID: 32409016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Memories are consolidated from hippocampus to cortex, and recent evidence points to an anterior-posterior/ventral-dorsal gradient (in humans/rodents, respectively) across the brain that may be specialized for different types of memories. In a recent article, Cowan et al. provided evidence for this functional difference and gradient, which is also associated with sleep spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Navarro-Lobato
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Genzel
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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81
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Pourpre R, Naudon L, Meziane H, Lakisic G, Jouneau L, Varet H, Legendre R, Wendling O, Selloum M, Proux C, Coppée JY, Herault Y, Bierne H. BAHD1 haploinsufficiency results in anxiety-like phenotypes in male mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232789. [PMID: 32407325 PMCID: PMC7224496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BAHD1 is a heterochomatinization factor recently described as a component of a multiprotein complex associated with histone deacetylases HDAC1/2. The physiological and patho-physiological functions of BAHD1 are not yet well characterized. Here, we examined the consequences of BAHD1 deficiency in the brains of male mice. While Bahd1 knockout mice had no detectable defects in brain anatomy, RNA sequencing profiling revealed about 2500 deregulated genes in Bahd1-/- brains compared to Bahd1+/+ brains. A majority of these genes were involved in nervous system development and function, behavior, metabolism and immunity. Exploration of the Allen Brain Atlas and Dropviz databases, assessing gene expression in the brain, revealed that expression of the Bahd1 gene was limited to a few territories and cell subtypes, particularly in the hippocampal formation, the isocortex and the olfactory regions. The effect of partial BAHD1 deficiency on behavior was then evaluated on Bahd1 heterozygous male mice, which have no lethal or metabolic phenotypes. Bahd1+/- mice showed anxiety-like behavior and reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response. Altogether, these results suggest that BAHD1 plays a role in chromatin-dependent gene regulation in a subset of brain cells and support recent evidence linking genetic alteration of BAHD1 to psychiatric disorders in a human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Pourpre
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Naudon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hamid Meziane
- Institut Clinique de la Souris-ICS, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN, Illkirch, France
| | - Goran Lakisic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform, Biomics Pole, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform, Biomics Pole, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Institut Clinique de la Souris-ICS, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN, Illkirch, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Institut Clinique de la Souris-ICS, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN, Illkirch, France
| | - Caroline Proux
- Institut Pasteur, Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform, Biomics Pole, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Coppée
- Institut Pasteur, Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform, Biomics Pole, Paris, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut Clinique de la Souris-ICS, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, PHENOMIN, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UMR7104, U1268, Illkirch, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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82
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Chase HW, Grace AA, Fox PT, Phillips ML, Eickhoff SB. Functional differentiation in the human ventromedial frontal lobe: A data-driven parcellation. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3266-3283. [PMID: 32314470 PMCID: PMC7375078 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventromedial regions of the frontal lobe (vmFL) are thought to play a key role in decision-making and emotional regulation. However, aspects of this area's functional organization, including the presence of a multiple subregions, their functional and anatomical connectivity, and the cross-species homologies of these subregions with those of other species, remain poorly understood. To address this uncertainty, we employed a two-stage parcellation of the region to identify six distinct structures within the region on the basis of data-driven classification of functional connectivity patterns obtained using the meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) approach. From anterior to posterior, the derived subregions included two lateralized posterior regions, an intermediate posterior region, a dorsal and ventral central region, and a single anterior region. The regions were characterized further by functional connectivity derived using resting-state fMRI and functional decoding using the Brain Map database. In general, the regions could be differentiated on the basis of different patterns of functional connectivity with canonical "default mode network" regions and/or subcortical regions such as the striatum. Together, the findings suggest the presence of functionally distinct neural structures within vmFL, consistent with data from experimental animals as well prior demonstrations of anatomical differences within the region. Detailed correspondence with the anterior cingulate, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and rostroventral prefrontal cortex, as well as specific animal homologs are discussed. The findings may suggest future directions for resolving potential functional and structural correspondence of subregions within the frontal lobe across behavioral contexts, and across mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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