51
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Tianyi S, Yulong Z, Yanzhen J, Chen CJ, Liu JT. Micro interstitial fluid extraction and detection device integrated with the optimal extraction conditions for noninvasive glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115515. [PMID: 37481866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid glucose sensors have promising prospects in noninvasive glucose monitoring. However, the commonly used method of extracting interstitial fluid, reverse iontophoresis (RI), still remains to be optimized to solve problems such as insufficient extraction flux and skin irritation. To find the optimal RI conditions, in this study we explored the effects of multiple factors such as current frequency, duration, duty cycle and their interactions on extraction with the design of experiments (DOE) method. A multifunctional extraction and detection device was designed to control extraction conditions and measure the surface water content of the extraction electrode in situ and real time. A micro glucose monitoring device (MicroTED) combined with a cheap and flexible paper-based electrode was developed under the determined optimal extraction conditions. In on-body continuous glucose monitoring tests carried out to verify the performance of the device, the optimized conditions can facilitate stable extraction of up to 1.0 mg without any skin discomfort. The mean Pearson correlation coefficient between the measurement results of MicroTED and commercial glucometer is above 0.9. In the Clarke error grid analysis, all data points fell within Clarke error grid areas A and B, demonstrating the feasibility of further clinical application of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Tianyi
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Yulong
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yanzhen
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jen-Tsai Liu
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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52
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Brasier N, Ates HC, Sempionatto JR, Cotta MO, Widmer AF, Eckstein J, Goldhahn J, Roberts JA, Gao W, Dincer C. A three-level model for therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobials at the site of infection. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:e445-e453. [PMID: 37348517 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The silent pandemic of bacterial antimicrobial resistance is a leading cause of death worldwide, prolonging hospital stays and raising health-care costs. Poor incentives to develop novel pharmacological compounds and the misuse of antibiotics contribute to the bacterial antimicrobial resistance crisis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) based on blood analysis can help alleviate the emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance and effectively decreases the risk of toxic drug concentrations in patients' blood. Antibiotic tissue penetration can vary in patients who are critically or chronically ill and can potentially lead to treatment failure. Antibiotics such as β-lactams and glycopeptides are detectable in non-invasively collectable biofluids, such as sweat and exhaled breath. The emergence of wearable sensors enables easy access to these non-invasive biofluids, and thus a laboratory-independent analysis of various disease-associated biomarkers and drugs. In this Personal View, we introduce a three-level model for TDM of antibiotics to describe concentrations at the site of infection (SOI) by use of wearable sensors. Our model links blood-based drug measurement with the analysis of drug concentrations in non-invasively collectable biofluids stemming from the SOI to characterise drug concentrations at the SOI. Finally, we outline the necessary clinical and technical steps for the development of wearable sensing platforms for SOI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Brasier
- Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Digitalization & ICT, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - H Ceren Ates
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Microsystems Engineering, IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juliane R Sempionatto
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Menino O Cotta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas F Widmer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Eckstein
- Department of Digitalization & ICT, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Goldhahn
- Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Herston Infectious Diseases Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Pharmacy and Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Division of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Microsystems Engineering, IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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53
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Tu J, Min J, Song Y, Xu C, Li J, Moore J, Hanson J, Hu E, Parimon T, Wang TY, Davoodi E, Chou TF, Chen P, Hsu JJ, Rossiter HB, Gao W. A wireless patch for the monitoring of C-reactive protein in sweat. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1293-1306. [PMID: 37349389 PMCID: PMC10592261 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of protein biomarkers in blood at picomolar-level sensitivity requires labour-intensive incubation and washing steps. Sensing proteins in sweat, which would allow for point-of-care monitoring, is hindered by the typically large interpersonal and intrapersonal variations in its composition. Here we report the design and performance of a wearable and wireless patch for the real-time electrochemical detection of the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive (CRP) protein in sweat. The device integrates iontophoretic sweat extraction, microfluidic channels for sweat sampling and for reagent routing and replacement, and a graphene-based sensor array for quantifying CRP (via an electrode functionalized with anti-CRP capture antibodies-conjugated gold nanoparticles), ionic strength, pH and temperature for the real-time calibration of the CRP sensor. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with active or past infections or who had heart failure, the elevated concentrations of CRP measured via the patch correlated well with the protein's levels in serum. Wearable biosensors for the real-time sensitive analysis of inflammatory proteins in sweat may facilitate the management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yu Song
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jiahong Li
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Moore
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Justin Hanson
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin Hu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Wang
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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54
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Yang M, Wang H, Cheng J. Continuous monitoring of multiple biomarkers with an ultrasensitive 3D-structured wearable biosensor. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100579. [PMID: 37751686 PMCID: PMC10545935 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases call for routine management of frequent monitoring of specific biomarkers. Traditional in vitro diagnostics technologies suffer from complex sampling processes and long detection intervals, which cannot meet the need of continuous monitoring. Wearable devices taking advantage of compact size, rapid detection process, and small sample consumption are promising to take the place of endpoint detection, providing more comprehensive information about human health. Here, we proposed a fully integrated wearable system with an ultrasensitive 3D-structured biosensor for real-time monitoring of multiple metabolites. The 3D-structured biosensor shows wide linear ranges of 400-1,400 μM and 0.1-8 mM and high sensitivities of 460.5 and 283.09 μA/(mM·cm2) for lactate and glucose detection, respectively. We have conducted in vivo animal experiments, and the proposed wearable biosensor demonstrated high consistency with established methods. We envision that this system could provide a real-time wearable detection platform for multiple biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqun Yang
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China.
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55
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Winer L, Motiei L, Margulies D. Fluorescent Investigation of Proteins Using DNA-Synthetic Ligand Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1509-1522. [PMID: 37556353 PMCID: PMC10515487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The unfathomable role that fluorescence detection plays in the life sciences has prompted the development of countless fluorescent labels, sensors, and analytical techniques that can be used to detect and image proteins or investigate their properties. Motivated by the demand for simple-to-produce, modular, and versatile fluorescent tools to study proteins, many research groups have harnessed the advantages of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) for scaffolding such probes. Tight control over the valency and position of protein binders and fluorescent dyes decorating the polynucleotide chain and the ability to predict molecular architectures through self-assembly, inherent solubility, and stability are, in a nutshell, the important properties of DNA probes. This paper reviews the progress in developing DNA-based, fluorescent sensors or labels that navigate toward their protein targets through small-molecule (SM) or peptide ligands. By describing the design, operating principles, and applications of such systems, we aim to highlight the versatility and modularity of this approach and the ability to use ODN-SM or ODN-peptide conjugates for various applications such as protein modification, labeling, and imaging, as well as for biomarker detection, protein surface characterization, and the investigation of multivalency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Winer
- Department of Chemical and
Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Leila Motiei
- Department of Chemical and
Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Margulies
- Department of Chemical and
Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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56
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Song Y, Tay RY, Li J, Xu C, Min J, Shirzaei Sani E, Kim G, Heng W, Kim I, Gao W. 3D-printed epifluidic electronic skin for machine learning-powered multimodal health surveillance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi6492. [PMID: 37703361 PMCID: PMC10499321 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The amalgamation of wearable technologies with physiochemical sensing capabilities promises to create powerful interpretive and predictive platforms for real-time health surveillance. However, the construction of such multimodal devices is difficult to be implemented wholly by traditional manufacturing techniques for at-home personalized applications. Here, we present a universal semisolid extrusion-based three-dimensional printing technology to fabricate an epifluidic elastic electronic skin (e3-skin) with high-performance multimodal physiochemical sensing capabilities. We demonstrate that the e3-skin can serve as a sustainable surveillance platform to capture the real-time physiological state of individuals during regular daily activities. We also show that by coupling the information collected from the e3-skin with machine learning, we were able to predict an individual's degree of behavior impairments (i.e., reaction time and inhibitory control) after alcohol consumption. The e3-skin paves the path for future autonomous manufacturing of customizable wearable systems that will enable widespread utility for regular health monitoring and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiahong Li
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Gwangmook Kim
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Wenzheng Heng
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Inho Kim
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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57
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Yuwen T, Shu D, Zou H, Yang X, Wang S, Zhang S, Liu Q, Wang X, Wang G, Zhang Y, Zang G. Carbon nanotubes: a powerful bridge for conductivity and flexibility in electrochemical glucose sensors. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:320. [PMID: 37679841 PMCID: PMC10483845 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of nanomaterials in the biosensor field has garnered substantial attention in recent years. Initially, the emphasis was on enhancing the sensor current rather than material interactions. However, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained prominence in glucose sensors due to their high aspect ratio, remarkable chemical stability, and notable optical and electronic attributes. The diverse nanostructures and metal surface designs of CNTs, coupled with their exceptional physical and chemical properties, have led to diverse applications in electrochemical glucose sensor research. Substantial progress has been achieved, particularly in constructing flexible interfaces based on CNTs. This review focuses on CNT-based sensor design, manufacturing advancements, material synergy effects, and minimally invasive/noninvasive glucose monitoring devices. The review also discusses the trend toward simultaneous detection of multiple markers in glucose sensors and the pivotal role played by CNTs in this trend. Furthermore, the latest applications of CNTs in electrochemical glucose sensors are explored, accompanied by an overview of the current status, challenges, and future prospects of CNT-based sensors and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yuwen
- Institute of Life Science, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Danting Shu
- Institute of Life Science, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hanyan Zou
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Institute of Life Science, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Institute of Life Science, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuheng Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qichen Liu
- Institute of Life Science, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Yuchan Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Institute of Life Science, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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58
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Tian G, Zhou Z, Li M, Li X, Xu T, Zhang X. Oriented Antibody-Assembled Metal-Organic Frameworks for Persistent Wearable Sweat Cortisol Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13250-13257. [PMID: 37615076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The level of cortisol can reflect people's psychological stress, help diagnose adrenal gland diseases, and is also related to several mental diseases. In this study, we developed a cortisol monoclonal antibody-oriented approach to modify an immunosensor for wearable label-free and persistent sweat cortisol detection. On such an antibody-oriented immunosensor, the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region is partially inserted within the metal-organic framework (MOF), and antibody-binding regions of the cortisol monoclonal antibody (Cmab) were exposed on the MOF surface via selective growth and self-assembly. Such ordered and oriented embedding of antibodies in the MOF resulted in excellent antibody activity and improved stability and antigen-binding capacity. We also engineered the full integrated system for on-body sweat cortisol biosensing performance in several volunteers, and the results indicated that this wearable sensor is suitable for practical cortisol detection with a good linear detection range from 1 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL with a lower limit of detection of 0.26 pg/mL. Moreover, the wearable sensor demonstrated good persistence in detecting cortisol, with only 4.1% decay after 9 days of storage. The present work represents a simple oriented antibody assembling approach to improve the stability of antibodies, providing an important step toward long-term continuous sweat biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Zhongzeng Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
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Li H, Yuan J, Fennell G, Abdulla V, Nistala R, Dandachi D, Ho DKC, Zhang Y. Recent advances in wearable sensors and data analytics for continuous monitoring and analysis of biomarkers and symptoms related to COVID-19. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:031302. [PMID: 38510705 PMCID: PMC10903389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of many people around the world. Based on the available data and published reports, most people diagnosed with COVID-19 exhibit no or mild symptoms and could be discharged home for self-isolation. Considering that a substantial portion of them will progress to a severe disease requiring hospitalization and medical management, including respiratory and circulatory support in the form of supplemental oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, etc. The continuous monitoring of patient conditions at home for patients with COVID-19 will allow early determination of disease severity and medical intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality. In addition, this will allow early and safe hospital discharge and free hospital beds for patients who are in need of admission. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in next-generation wearable sensors capable of continuous monitoring of disease symptoms, particularly those associated with COVID-19. These include wearable non/minimally invasive biophysical (temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and heart rate variability) and biochemical (cytokines, cortisol, and electrolytes) sensors, sensor data analytics, and machine learning-enabled early detection and medical intervention techniques. Together, we aim to inspire the future development of wearable sensors integrated with data analytics, which serve as a foundation for disease diagnostics, health monitoring and predictions, and medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Jianhe Yuan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Gavin Fennell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Vagif Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
| | - Dima Dandachi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
| | - Dominic K. C. Ho
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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60
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Mukasa D, Wang M, Min J, Yang Y, Solomon SA, Han H, Ye C, Gao W. A Computationally Assisted Approach for Designing Wearable Biosensors toward Non-Invasive Personalized Molecular Analysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212161. [PMID: 37159949 PMCID: PMC10529901 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors have the potential to revolutionize precision medicine as they can non-invasively collect molecular information closely associated with an individual's health status. However, the majority of clinically relevant biomarkers cannot be continuously detected in situ using existing wearable approaches. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a promising candidate to address this challenge but haven't yet gained widespread use due to their complex design and optimization process yielding variable selectivity. Here, QuantumDock is introduced, an automated computational framework for universal MIP development toward wearable applications. QuantumDock utilizes density functional theory to probe molecular interactions between monomers and the target/interferent molecules to optimize selectivity, a fundamentally limiting factor for MIP development toward wearable sensing. A molecular docking approach is employed to explore a wide range of known and unknown monomers, and to identify the optimal monomer/cross-linker choice for subsequent MIP fabrication. Using an essential amino acid phenylalanine as the exemplar, experimental validation of QuantumDock is performed successfully using solution-synthesized MIP nanoparticles coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Moreover, a QuantumDock-optimized graphene-based wearable device is designed that can perform autonomous sweat induction, sampling, and sensing. For the first time, wearable non-invasive phenylalanine monitoring is demonstrated in human subjects toward personalized healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mukasa
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Minqiang Wang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel A. Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Hong Han
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Cui Ye
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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61
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Zhao Y, Jin KQ, Li JD, Sheng KK, Huang WH, Liu YL. Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Biological Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305917. [PMID: 37639636 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The rise of flexible and stretchable electronics has revolutionized biosensor techniques for probing biological systems. Particularly, flexible and stretchable electrochemical sensors (FSECSs) enable the in situ quantification of numerous biochemical molecules in different biological entities owing to their exceptional sensitivity, fast response, and easy miniaturization. Over the past decade, the fabrication and application of FSECSs have significantly progressed. This review highlights key developments in electrode fabrication and FSECSs functionalization. It delves into the electrochemical sensing of various biomarkers, including metabolites, electrolytes, signaling molecules, and neurotransmitters from biological systems, encompassing the outer epidermis, tissues/organs in vitro and in vivo, and living cells. Finally, considering electrode preparation and biological applications, current challenges and future opportunities for FSECSs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai-Qi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jing-Du Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai-Kai Sheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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62
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Gutiérrez-Capitán M, Sanchís A, Carvalho EO, Baldi A, Vilaplana L, Cardoso VF, Calleja Á, Wei M, de la Rica R, Hoyo J, Bassegoda A, Tzanov T, Marco MP, Lanceros-Méndez S, Fernández-Sánchez C. Engineering a Point-of-Care Paper-Microfluidic Electrochemical Device Applied to the Multiplexed Quantitative Detection of Biomarkers in Sputum. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3032-3042. [PMID: 37467113 PMCID: PMC10463273 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Health initiatives worldwide demand affordable point-of-care devices to aid in the reduction of morbidity and mortality rates of high-incidence infectious and noncommunicable diseases. However, the production of robust and reliable easy-to-use diagnostic platforms showing the ability to quantitatively measure several biomarkers in physiological fluids and that could in turn be decentralized to reach any relevant environment remains a challenge. Here, we show the particular combination of paper-microfluidic technology, electrochemical transduction, and magnetic nanoparticle-based immunoassay approaches to produce a unique, compact, and easily deployable multiplex device to simultaneously measure interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase biomarkers in sputum, developed with the aim of facilitating the timely detection of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The device incorporates an on-chip electrochemical cell array and a multichannel paper component, engineered to be easily aligned into a polymeric cartridge and exchanged if necessary. Calibration curves at clinically relevant biomarker concentration ranges are produced in buffer and artificial sputum. The analysis of sputum samples of healthy individuals and acutely exacerbated patients produces statistically significant biomarker concentration differences between the two studied groups. The device can be mass-produced at a low cost, being an easily adaptable platform for measuring other disease-related target biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Sanchís
- Nanobiotechnology
for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela O. Carvalho
- Centre
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto (CF-UM-UP) and LaPMET, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonio Baldi
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Vilaplana
- Nanobiotechnology
for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- Centre
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto (CF-UM-UP) and LaPMET, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- CMEMS-UMinho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Calleja
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Roberto de la Rica
- Multidisciplinary
Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute
of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas
(CIBER-INFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Hoyo
- Grup
de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Departament d’Enginyeria
Química, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Arnau Bassegoda
- Grup
de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Departament d’Enginyeria
Química, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Grup
de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Departament d’Enginyeria
Química, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - María-Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology
for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Centre
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto (CF-UM-UP) and LaPMET, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Basque
Centre for Materials and Applications (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - César Fernández-Sánchez
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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63
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Leung HMC, Forlenza GP, Prioleau TO, Zhou X. Noninvasive Glucose Sensing In Vivo. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7057. [PMID: 37631595 PMCID: PMC10458980 DOI: 10.3390/s23167057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Blood glucose monitoring is an essential aspect of disease management for individuals with diabetes. Unfortunately, traditional methods require collecting a blood sample and thus are invasive and inconvenient. Recent developments in minimally invasive continuous glucose monitors have provided a more convenient alternative for people with diabetes to track their glucose levels 24/7. Despite this progress, many challenges remain to establish a noninvasive monitoring technique that works accurately and reliably in the wild. This review encompasses the current advancements in noninvasive glucose sensing technology in vivo, delves into the common challenges faced by these systems, and offers an insightful outlook on existing and future solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Man Colman Leung
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Gregory P. Forlenza
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | | | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
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64
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Jia N, Daignault-Bouchard A, Deng T, Mayerhöfer TG, Bégin-Drolet A, Greener J. SpectIR-fluidics: completely customizable microfluidic cartridges for high sensitivity on-chip infrared spectroscopy with point-of-application studies on bacterial biofilms. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3561-3570. [PMID: 37403603 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a generalizable fabrication method for a new class of analytical devices that merges virtually any microfluidic design with high-sensitivity on-chip attenuated total reflection (ATR) sampling using any standard Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Termed "spectIR-fluidics", a major design feature is the integration of a multi-groove silicon ATR crystal into a microfluidic device, compared with previous approaches in which the ATR surface served as a structural support for the entire device. This was accomplished by the design, fabrication, and aligned bonding of a highly engineered ATR sensing layer, which con```tains a seamlessly embedded ATR crystal on the channel side and an optical access port that matched the spectrometer light path characteristics at the device exterior. The refocused role of the ATR crystal as a dedicated analytical element, combined with optimized light coupling to the spectrometer, results in limits of detection as low as 540 nM for a D-glucose solution, arbitrarily complex channel features that are fully enclosed, and up to 18 world-to-chip connections. Three purpose-built spectIR-fluidic cartridges are used in a series of validation experiments followed by several point-of-application studies on biofilms from the gut microbiota of plastic-consuming insects using a small portable spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Arthur Daignault-Bouchard
- Département de génie mécanique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Tianyang Deng
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Thomas G Mayerhöfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - André Bégin-Drolet
- Département de génie mécanique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jesse Greener
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- CHU de Québec, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1L 3L5, Canada
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65
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Min J, Demchyshyn S, Sempionatto JR, Song Y, Hailegnaw B, Xu C, Yang Y, Solomon S, Putz C, Lehner L, Schwarz JF, Schwarzinger C, Scharber M, Sani ES, Kaltenbrunner M, Gao W. An autonomous wearable biosensor powered by a perovskite solar cell. NATURE ELECTRONICS 2023; 6:630-641. [PMID: 38465017 PMCID: PMC10923186 DOI: 10.1038/s41928-023-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors can potentially be used to continuously and non-invasively monitor physicochemical biomarkers that contain information related to disease diagnostics and fitness tracking. However, the development of such autonomous sensors faces a number of challenges including achieving steady sweat extraction for continuous and prolonged monitoring, and addressing the high power demands of multifunctional and complex analysis. Here we report an autonomous wearable biosensor that is powered by a perovskite solar cell and can provide continuous and non-invasive metabolic monitoring. The device uses a flexible quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solar cell module that provides ample power under outdoor and indoor illumination conditions (power conversion efficiency exceeding 31% under indoor light illumination). We show that the wearable device can continuously collect multimodal physicochemical data - glucose, pH, sodium ions, sweat rate, and skin temperature - across indoor and outdoor physical activities for over 12 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Stepan Demchyshyn
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Juliane R. Sempionatto
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Yu Song
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Bekele Hailegnaw
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Christoph Putz
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Lehner
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Julia Felicitas Schwarz
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Scharber
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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66
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Yuan X, Ouaskioud O, Yin X, Li C, Ma P, Yang Y, Yang PF, Xie L, Ren L. Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for the Continuous Monitoring of Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Interstitial Fluid. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1452. [PMID: 37512763 PMCID: PMC10385734 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare technology has allowed individuals to monitor and track various physiological and biological parameters. With the growing trend of the use of the internet of things and big data, wearable biosensors have shown great potential in gaining access to the human body, and providing additional functionality to analyze physiological and biochemical information, which has led to a better personalized and more efficient healthcare. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers in interstitial fluid, introduce and explain the extraction methods for interstitial fluid, and discuss the application of epidermal wearable biosensors for the continuous monitoring of markers in clinical biology. In addition, the current needs, development prospects and challenges are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Oumaima Ouaskioud
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xu Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Pengyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Li Xie
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Li Ren
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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67
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Garg M, Jain N, Kaul S, Rai VK, Nagaich U. Recent advancements in the expedition of microneedles: from lab worktops to diagnostic care centers. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:301. [PMID: 37464230 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) technology plays a significant role in bioengineering as it allows for minimally invasive exposure to the skin via the non-invasive procedure, increased drug permeability, and improved biological molecule detectability in the epidermal layers, all while improving therapeutic safety and effectiveness. However, MNs have several significant drawbacks, including difficulty scaling up, variability in drug delivery pattern regarding the skin's external environment, blockage of dermal tissues, induction of inflammatory response at the administration site, and limitation of dosing based on the molecular weight of drug and size. Despite these drawbacks, MNs have emerged as a special transdermal theranostics instrument in clinical research to assess physiological parameters. Bioimaging technology relies on microneedles that can measure particular analytes in the extracellular fluid effectively by crossing the stratum corneum, making them "a unique tool in diagnostics detection and therapeutic application inside the body." This review article discusses the recent advances in the applications especially related to the diagnostics and toxicity challenges of microneedles. In addition, this review article discusses the clinical state and commercial accessibility of microneedle technology-based devices in order to provide new information to scientists and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Shreya Kaul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'o' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.
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68
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Haque Chowdhury MA, Tasnim N, Hossain M, Habib A. Flexible, stretchable, and single-molecule-sensitive SERS-active sensor for wearable biosensing applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20787-20798. [PMID: 37441043 PMCID: PMC10334262 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of wearable sensors for remote patient monitoring and personalized medicine has led to a revolution in biomedical technology. Plasmonic metasurfaces that enhance Raman scattering signals have recently gained attention as wearable sensors. However, finding a flexible, sensitive, and easy-to-fabricate metasurface has been a challenge for decades. In this paper, a novel wearable device, the flexible, stretchable, and single-molecule-sensetive SERS-active sensor, is proposed. This device offers an unprecedented SERS enhancement factor in the order of 1011, along with other long-desired characteristics for SERS applications such as a high scattering to absorption ratio (∼2.5) and a large hotspot volume (40 nm × 40 nm × 5 nm). To achieve flexibility, we use polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the substrate, which is stable, transparent, and biologically compatible. Our numerical calculations show that the proposed sensor offers reliable SERS performance even under bending (up to 100° angles) or stretching (up to 50% stretch). The easy-to-fabricate and flexible nature of our sensor offers a promising avenue for developing highly sensitive wearable sensors for a range of applications, particularly in the field of personalized medicine and remote patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mainul Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
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69
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Yang J, Luo R, Yang L, Wang X, Huang Y. Microneedle-Integrated Sensors for Extraction of Skin Interstitial Fluid and Metabolic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9882. [PMID: 37373027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin interstitial fluid (ISF) has emerged as a fungible biofluid sample for blood serum and plasma for disease diagnosis and therapy. The sampling of skin ISF is highly desirable considering its easy accessibility, no damage to blood vessels, and reduced risk of infection. Particularly, skin ISF can be sampled using microneedle (MN)-based platforms in the skin tissues, which exhibit multiple advantages including minimal invasion of the skin tissues, less pain, ease of carrying, capacity for continuous monitoring, etc. In this review, we focus on the current development of microneedle-integrated transdermal sensors for collecting ISF and detecting specific disease biomarkers. Firstly, we discussed and classified microneedles according to their structural design, including solid MNs, hollow MNs, porous MNs, and coated MNs. Subsequently, we elaborate on the construction of MN-integrated sensors for metabolic analysis with highlights on the electrochemical, fluorescent, chemical chromogenic, immunodiagnostic, and molecular diagnostic MN-integrated sensors. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future direction for developing MN-based platforms for ISF extraction and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ruiyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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70
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Young T, Clark V, Arroyo-Currás N, Heikenfeld J. Perspective-The Feasibility of Continuous Protein Monitoring in Interstitial Fluid. ECS SENSORS PLUS 2023; 2:027001. [PMID: 37128505 PMCID: PMC10140668 DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/accd7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Real-time continuous monitoring of proteins in-vivo holds great potential for personalized medical applications. Unfortunately, a prominent knowledge gap exists in the fundamental biology regarding protein transfer and correlation between interstitial fluid and blood. Additionally, technological sensing will require affinity-based platforms that cannot be robustly protected in-vivo and will therefore be challenged in sensitivity, longevity, and fouling over multi-day to week timelines. Here we use electrochemical aptamer sensors as a model system to discuss further research necessary to achieve continuous protein sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States of America
| | - Vincent Clark
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Program, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Program, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States of America
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
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VURAL B, ULUDAĞ İ, İNCE B, ÖZYURT C, ÖZTÜRK F, SEZGİNTÜRK MK. Fluid-based wearable sensors: a turning point in personalized healthcare. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:944-967. [PMID: 38173754 PMCID: PMC10760819 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it has become very popular to develop wearable devices that can monitor biomarkers to analyze the health status of the human body more comprehensively and accurately. Wearable sensors, specially designed for home care services, show great promise with their ease of use, especially during pandemic periods. Scientists have conducted many innovative studies on new wearable sensors that can noninvasively and simultaneously monitor biochemical indicators in body fluids for disease prediction, diagnosis, and management. Using noninvasive electrochemical sensors, biomarkers can be detected in tears, saliva, perspiration, and skin interstitial fluid (ISF). In this review, biofluids used for noninvasive wearable sensor detection under four main headings, saliva, sweat, tears, and ISF-based wearable sensors, were examined in detail. This report analyzes nearly 50 recent articles from 2017 to 2023. Based on current research, this review also discusses the evolution of wearable sensors, potential implementation challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berfin VURAL
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - İnci ULUDAĞ
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - Bahar İNCE
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - Canan ÖZYURT
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - Funda ÖZTÜRK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ,
Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Kemal SEZGİNTÜRK
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
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72
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Flynn CD, Chang D, Mahmud A, Yousefi H, Das J, Riordan KT, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Biomolecular sensors for advanced physiological monitoring. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-16. [PMID: 37359771 PMCID: PMC10173248 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Body-based biomolecular sensing systems, including wearable, implantable and consumable sensors allow comprehensive health-related monitoring. Glucose sensors have long dominated wearable bioanalysis applications owing to their robust continuous detection of glucose, which has not yet been achieved for other biomarkers. However, access to diverse biological fluids and the development of reagentless sensing approaches may enable the design of body-based sensing systems for various analytes. Importantly, enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity of biomolecular sensors is essential for biomarker detection in complex physiological conditions. In this Review, we discuss approaches for the signal amplification of biomolecular sensors, including techniques to overcome Debye and mass transport limitations, and selectivity improvement, such as the integration of artificial affinity recognition elements. We highlight reagentless sensing approaches that can enable sequential real-time measurements, for example, the implementation of thin-film transistors in wearable devices. In addition to sensor construction, careful consideration of physical, psychological and security concerns related to body-based sensor integration is required to ensure that the transition from the laboratory to the human body is as seamless as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor D. Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Dingran Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alam Mahmud
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Hanie Yousefi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Kimberly T. Riordan
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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73
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Zeng Q, Xu M, Hu W, Cao W, Zhan Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ma T. Porous Colorimetric Microneedles for Minimally Invasive Rapid Glucose Sampling and Sensing in Skin Interstitial Fluid. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050537. [PMID: 37232898 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Though monitoring blood glucose (BG) is indispensable for regulating diabetes, the frequent pricking of the finger by the commonly used fingertip blood collection causes discomfort and poses an infection risk. Since glucose levels in skin interstitial fluid (ISF) correlate with blood glucose levels, monitoring glucose in the skin ISF can be a viable alternative. With this rationale, the present study developed a biocompatible porous microneedle capable of rapid sampling, sensing, and glucose analysis in ISF in a minimally invasive manner, which can improve patient compliance and detection efficiency. The microneedles contain glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and a colorimetric sensing layer containing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is on the back of the microneedles. After penetrating rat skin, porous microneedles harvest ISF rapidly and smoothly via capillary action, triggering the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from glucose. In the presence of H2O2, HRP reacts with TMB contained in the filter paper on the back of microneedles, causing an easily visible color shift. Further, a smartphone analysis of the images quickly quantifies glucose levels in the 50-400 mg/dL range using the correlation between color intensity and glucose concentration. The developed microneedle-based sensing technique with minimally invasive sampling will have great implications for point-of-care clinical diagnosis and diabetic health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Weilun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Wenyu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yujie Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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74
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Komkova MA, Eliseev AA, Kasimovskaya VS, Poyarkov AA, Eliseev AA, Karyakin AA. Pulse Power Generation Chronoamperometry as an Advanced Readout for (Bio)sensors: Application for Noninvasive Diabetes Monitoring. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7528-7535. [PMID: 37129422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose pulse power generation (PPG) amperometry as an advanced readout realized for Prussian blue (PB)-based (bio)sensors. In contrast to the conventional power generation mode, when the current response is generated upon continuous short-circuiting, the suggested pulse regime is fulfilled by periodic opening and shorting of the circuit. Despite PB being electroactive, the pulse readout is advantageous over conventional steady-state power generation, providing up to a 15-fold increased signal-to-background ratio as well as dramatically improved sensitivity exceeding 10 A·M-1·cm-2 for H2O2 sensors and 3.9 A·M-1·cm-2 for glucose biosensors. Such analytical performance characteristics are, most probably, achieved due to the enrichment of the diffusion layer by analyte mass transfer from the bulk upon opening of the circuit. Due to an improved sensitivity-to-background ratio, reduced flow-rate dependence, and enhanced operational stability, the regime allows reliable monitoring of blood glucose variations through sweat analysis with the on-skin device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Komkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem A Eliseev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valeria S Kasimovskaya
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei A Poyarkov
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei A Eliseev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Arkady A Karyakin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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75
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Xu Z, Qiao X, Tao R, Li Y, Zhao S, Cai Y, Luo X. A wearable sensor based on multifunctional conductive hydrogel for simultaneous accurate pH and tyrosine monitoring in sweat. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115360. [PMID: 37126874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable sweat sensors have drawn extensive attention by virtue of their continuous and real-time monitoring of molecular level information. However, current sweat-based sensors still pose several challenges, such as low accuracy for analytes detection, susceptibility to microorganism and poor mechanical performance. Herein, we demonstrated a noninvasive wearable sweat sensing patch composed of an electrochemical sensing system, and a pilocarpine-based iontophoretic system to stimulate sweat secretion. The electrochemical sensor based on tannic acid-Ag-carbon nanotube-polyaniline (TA-Ag-CNT-PANI) composite hydrogel was designed for on-body detection of pH and tyrosine (Tyr), a disease marker associated with multiple disorders, such as tyrosinemia and bulimia nervosa. The wearable sweat sensor can not only monitor the pH and Tyr in sweat simultaneously, but also further calibrate Tyr detection results with the measured pH value, so as to eliminate the effect of Tyr response variance at different pH and enhance the accuracy of the sensor. Furthermore, the presence of tannic acid chelated-Ag nanoparticles (TA-Ag NPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) significantly improved the conductivity and flexibility of the hydrogel and endowed the composite hydrogel with antibacterial capability. Of note, the constructed wearable sensor was capable of monitoring Tyr with enhanced accuracy in various sweats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Runzhang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Shuju Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yuchen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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76
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Min J, Tu J, Xu C, Lukas H, Shin S, Yang Y, Solomon SA, Mukasa D, Gao W. Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors for Precision Medicine. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5049-5138. [PMID: 36971504 PMCID: PMC10406569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors hold great potential in empowering personalized health monitoring, predictive analytics, and timely intervention toward personalized healthcare. Advances in flexible electronics, materials science, and electrochemistry have spurred the development of wearable sweat sensors that enable the continuous and noninvasive screening of analytes indicative of health status. Existing major challenges in wearable sensors include: improving the sweat extraction and sweat sensing capabilities, improving the form factor of the wearable device for minimal discomfort and reliable measurements when worn, and understanding the clinical value of sweat analytes toward biomarker discovery. This review provides a comprehensive review of wearable sweat sensors and outlines state-of-the-art technologies and research that strive to bridge these gaps. The physiology of sweat, materials, biosensing mechanisms and advances, and approaches for sweat induction and sampling are introduced. Additionally, design considerations for the system-level development of wearable sweat sensing devices, spanning from strategies for prolonged sweat extraction to efficient powering of wearables, are discussed. Furthermore, the applications, data analytics, commercialization efforts, challenges, and prospects of wearable sweat sensors for precision medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel A. Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Daniel Mukasa
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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77
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Dahmer M, Jennings A, Parker M, Sanchez-Pinto LN, Thompson A, Traube C, Zimmerman JJ. Pediatric Critical Care in the Twenty-first Century and Beyond. Crit Care Clin 2023; 39:407-425. [PMID: 36898782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric critical care addresses prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of organ dysfunction in the setting of increasingly complex patients, therapies, and environments. Soon burgeoning data science will enable all aspects of intensive care: driving facilitated diagnostics, empowering a learning health-care environment, promoting continuous advancement of care, and informing the continuum of critical care outside the intensive care unit preceding and following critical illness/injury. Although novel technology will progressively objectify personalized critical care, humanism, practiced at the bedside, defines the essence of pediatric critical care now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dahmer
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, F6790/5243, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aimee Jennings
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Advanced Practice, FA.2.112, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sandpoint Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Margaret Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University, 7762 Bloomfield Road, Easton, MD 21601, USA
| | - Lazaro N Sanchez-Pinto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 73, Chicago, IL 60611-2605, USA
| | - Ann Thompson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Chani Traube
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 225, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jerry J Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, FA.2.300B Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sandpoint Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, School of Medicine, FA.2.300B, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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78
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Luo Y, Abidian MR, Ahn JH, Akinwande D, Andrews AM, Antonietti M, Bao Z, Berggren M, Berkey CA, Bettinger CJ, Chen J, Chen P, Cheng W, Cheng X, Choi SJ, Chortos A, Dagdeviren C, Dauskardt RH, Di CA, Dickey MD, Duan X, Facchetti A, Fan Z, Fang Y, Feng J, Feng X, Gao H, Gao W, Gong X, Guo CF, Guo X, Hartel MC, He Z, Ho JS, Hu Y, Huang Q, Huang Y, Huo F, Hussain MM, Javey A, Jeong U, Jiang C, Jiang X, Kang J, Karnaushenko D, Khademhosseini A, Kim DH, Kim ID, Kireev D, Kong L, Lee C, Lee NE, Lee PS, Lee TW, Li F, Li J, Liang C, Lim CT, Lin Y, Lipomi DJ, Liu J, Liu K, Liu N, Liu R, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Loh XJ, Lu N, Lv Z, Magdassi S, Malliaras GG, Matsuhisa N, Nathan A, Niu S, Pan J, Pang C, Pei Q, Peng H, Qi D, Ren H, Rogers JA, Rowe A, Schmidt OG, Sekitani T, Seo DG, Shen G, Sheng X, Shi Q, Someya T, Song Y, Stavrinidou E, Su M, Sun X, Takei K, Tao XM, Tee BCK, Thean AVY, Trung TQ, Wan C, Wang H, Wang J, Wang M, Wang S, Wang T, Wang ZL, Weiss PS, Wen H, Xu S, Xu T, Yan H, Yan X, Yang H, Yang L, Yang S, Yin L, Yu C, Yu G, Yu J, Yu SH, Yu X, Zamburg E, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Zheng YQ, Zheng Z, Zhou T, Zhu B, Zhu M, Zhu R, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Zou G, Chen X. Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5211-5295. [PMID: 36892156 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Luo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77024, United States
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Anne M Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Berkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States
| | - Christopher John Bettinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Nanobionics Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 3800
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia3800
| | - Xu Cheng
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Seon-Jin Choi
- Division of Materials of Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Chortos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Fang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Jianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Xue Feng
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
| | - Xiwen Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Applied Physics Program, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 United States
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zihan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - John S Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Youfan Hu
- School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- mmh Labs, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Engineering (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Korea
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
| | | | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Lingxuan Kong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Soft Foundry, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neuroscience Program, BioMolecular Science Program, and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Cuiyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Nan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Ren Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Neural Engineering Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China 518055
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhisheng Lv
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge CB3 0FA, Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Arokia Nathan
- Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EU, United Kingdom
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Huaying Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Chemistry, and Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aaron Rowe
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, 1268 N. Lakeview Avenue, Anaheim, California 92807, United States
- Ready, Set, Food! 15821 Ventura Blvd #450, Encino, California 91436, United States
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09107, Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 5670047
| | - Dae-Gyo Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Kuniharu Takei
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ming Tao
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Tran Quang Trung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Wan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Ming Wang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- the Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41th Floor, AI Tower, No.701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Sihong Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanqi Wen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China 314000
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Nanoengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Shuaijian Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Evgeny Zamburg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Haixia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- Center for Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Guijin Zou
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Freeman DME, Ming DK, Wilson R, Herzog PL, Schulz C, Felice AKG, Chen YC, O’Hare D, Holmes AH, Cass AEG. Continuous Measurement of Lactate Concentration in Human Subjects through Direct Electron Transfer from Enzymes to Microneedle Electrodes. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1639-1647. [PMID: 36967522 PMCID: PMC10152478 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle lactate sensors may be used to continuously measure lactate concentration in the interstitial fluid in a minimally invasive and pain-free manner. First- and second-generation enzymatic sensors produce a redox-active product that is electrochemically sensed at the electrode surface. Direct electron transfer enzymes produce electrons directly as the product of enzymatic action; in this study, a direct electron transfer enzyme specific to lactate has been immobilized onto a microneedle surface to create lactate-sensing devices that function at low applied voltages (0.2 V). These devices have been validated in a small study of human volunteers; lactate concentrations were raised and lowered through physical exercise and subsequent rest. Lactazyme microneedle devices show good agreement with concurrently obtained and analyzed serum lactate levels.
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80
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Yang J, Gong X, Chen S, Zheng Y, Peng L, Liu B, Chen Z, Xie X, Yi C, Jiang L. Development of Smartphone-Controlled and Microneedle-Based Wearable Continuous Glucose Monitoring System for Home-Care Diabetes Management. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1241-1251. [PMID: 36821704 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can mini-invasively track blood glucose fluctuation and reduce the risk of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and this is is in great demand for diabetes management. However, cost-effective manufacture of CGM systems with continuously improved convenience and performance is still the persistent goal. Herein, we developed a smartphone-controlled and microneedle (MN)-based wearable CGM system for long-term glucose monitoring. The CGM system modified with a sandwich-type enzyme immobilization strategy can satisfy the clinical requirement of interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose monitoring for 14 days with a mean absolute relative difference of 10.2% and a cost of less than $15, which correlated well with the commercial glucometer and FDA-approved CGM system FreeStyle Libre (Abbott Inc., Illinois, USA). The self-developed CGM system is demonstrated to accurately monitor glucose fluctuations and provide abundant clinical information. It is better to find the cause of individual blood glucose changes and beneficial for the guide of precise glucose control. On the whole, the intelligently wearable CGM system may provide an alternative solution for home-care diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Xia Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Shuijin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Lelun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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81
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Watkins Z, Karajic A, Young T, White R, Heikenfeld J. Week-Long Operation of Electrochemical Aptamer Sensors: New Insights into Self-Assembled Monolayer Degradation Mechanisms and Solutions for Stability in Serum at Body Temperature. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1119-1131. [PMID: 36884003 PMCID: PMC10443649 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wisdom suggests that widely utilized self-assembled alkylthiolate monolayers on gold are too unstable to last more than several days when exposed to complex fluids such as raw serum at body temperature. Demonstrated here is that these monolayers can not only last at least 1 week under such harsh conditions but that significant applied value can be captured for continuous electrochemical aptamer biosensors. Electrochemical aptamer biosensors provide an ideal tool to investigate monolayer degradation, as aptamer sensors require a tightly packed monolayer to preserve sensor signal vs background current and readily reveal fouling by albumin and other solutes when operating in biofluids. Week-long operation in serum at 37 °C is achieved by (1) increasing van der Waals interactions between adjacent monolayer molecules to increase the activation energy required for desorption, (2) optimizing electrochemical measurement to decrease both alkylthiolate oxidation and electric-field-induced desorption, and (3) mitigating fouling using protective zwitterionic membranes and zwitterion-based blocking layers with antifouling properties. This work further proposes origins and mechanisms of monolayer degradation in a logical stepwise manner that was previously unobservable over multiday time scales. Several of the observed results are surprising, revealing that short-term improvements to sensor longevity (i.e., hours) actually increase sensor degradation in the longer term (i.e., days). The results and underlying insights on mechanisms not only push forward fundamental understanding of stability for self-assembled monolayers but also demonstrate an important milestone for continuous electrochemical aptamer biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Watkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Aleksandar Karajic
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Thomas Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Ryan White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
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82
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Huang X, Zheng S, Liang B, He M, Wu F, Yang J, Chen HJ, Xie X. 3D-assembled microneedle ion sensor-based wearable system for the transdermal monitoring of physiological ion fluctuations. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:25. [PMID: 36910258 PMCID: PMC9998623 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring human health is of considerable significance in biomedicine. In particular, the ion concentrations in blood are important reference indicators related to many diseases. Microneedle array-based sensors have enabled promising breakthroughs in continuous health monitoring due to their minimally invasive nature. In this study, we developed a microneedle sensing-array integrated system to continuously detect subcutaneous ions to monitor human health status in real time based on a fabrication strategy for assembling planar microneedle sheets to form 3D microneedle arrays. The limitations of preparing 3D microneedle structures with multiple electrode channels were addressed by assembling planar microneedle sheets fabricated via laser micromachining; the challenges of modifying closely spaced microneedle tips into different functionalized types of electrodes were avoided. The microneedle sensing system was sufficiently sensitive for detecting real-time changes in Ca2+, K+, and Na+ concentrations, and it exhibited good detection performance. The in vivo results showed that the ion-sensing microneedle array successfully monitored the fluctuations in Ca2+, K+, and Na+ in the interstitial fluids of rats in real time. By using an integrated circuit design, we constructed the proposed microneedle sensor into a wearable integrated monitoring system. The integrated system could potentially provide information feedback for diseases related to physiological ion changes.
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Grants
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFF1200700), National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA0911100), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2021A1515012261), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2019A1515012087), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (Grant No. 202102080192), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (Grant No. 202103000076), the open research grant of the State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies of Sun Yat-sen University (OEMT-2022-ZRC-04), and Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou (P2L2021KF0003)
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Pazhou Lab, 510330 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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83
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Zheng H, Pu Z, Wu H, Li C, Zhang X, Li D. Reverse iontophoresis with the development of flexible electronics: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115036. [PMID: 36580817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin-centric diagnosis techniques, such as epidermal physiological parameter monitoring, have developed rapidly in recent years. The analysis of interstitial fluid (ISF), a body liquid with abundant physiological information, is a promising method to obtain health status because ISF is easily assessed by implanted or percutaneous measurements. Reverse iontophoresis extracts ISF by applying an electric field onto the skin, and it is a promising method to noninvasively obtain ISF, which, in turn, enables noninvasive epidermal physiological parameter monitoring. However, the development of reverse iontophoresis was relatively slow around the 2010s due to the rigidity and low biocompatibility of the applied devices. With the rapid development of flexible electronic technology in recent years, new progress has been made in the field of reverse iontophoresis, especially in the field of blood glucose monitoring and drug monitoring. This review summarizes the recent advances and discusses the challenges and opportunities of reverse iontophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhihua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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84
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Wang J, Lu Z, Cai R, Zheng H, Yu J, Zhang Y, Gu Z. Microneedle-based transdermal detection and sensing devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:869-887. [PMID: 36629050 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00790h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles have been expected for the construction of next-generation biosensors towards personalization, digitization, and intellectualization due to their metrics of minimal invasiveness, high integration, and favorable biocompatibility. Herein, an overview of state-of-the-art microneedle-based detection and sensing systems is presented. First, the designs of microneedle devices based on extraction mechanisms are concluded, corresponding to different geometries and materials of microneedles. Second, the targets of equipment-assisted microneedle detections are summarized, as well as the objective significance, revealing the current performance and potential scenarios of these microneedles. Third, the trend towards highly integrated sensors is elaborated by emphasizing the sensing principles (colorimetric, fluorometric and electronic manner). Finally, the key challenges to be tackled and the perspectives on future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ziyi Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ruisi Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Hanqi Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Burns and Wound Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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85
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Parolo C, Idili A, Heikenfeld J, Plaxco KW. Conformational-switch biosensors as novel tools to support continuous, real-time molecular monitoring in lab-on-a-chip devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1339-1348. [PMID: 36655710 PMCID: PMC10799767 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen continued expansion of the functionality of lab on a chip (LOC) devices. Indeed LOCs now provide scientists and developers with useful and versatile platforms across a myriad of chemical and biological applications. The field still fails, however, to integrate an often important element of bench-top analytics: real-time molecular measurements that can be used to "guide" a chemical response. Here we describe the analytical techniques that could provide LOCs with such real-time molecular monitoring capabilities. It appears to us that, among the approaches that are general (i.e., that are independent of the reactive or optical properties of their targets), sensing strategies relying on binding-induced conformational change of bioreceptors are most likely to succeed in such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Parolo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Idili
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Novel Devices Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
- Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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86
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d'Amone L, Matzeu G, Quijano-Rubio A, Callahan GP, Napier B, Baker D, Omenetto FG. Reshaping de Novo Protein Switches into Bioresponsive Materials for Biomarker, Toxin, and Viral Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208556. [PMID: 36493355 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
De novo designed protein switches are powerful tools to specifically and sensitively detect diverse targets with simple chemiluminescent readouts. Finding an appropriate material host for de novo designed protein switches without altering their thermodynamics while preserving their intrinsic stability over time would enable the development of a variety of sensing formats to monitor exposure to pathogens, toxins, and for disease diagnosis. Here, a de novo protein-biopolymer hybrid that maintains the detection capabilities induced by the conformational change of the incorporated proteins in response to analytes of interest is generated in multiple, shelf-stable material formats without the need of refrigerated storage conditions. A set of functional demonstrator devices including personal protective equipment such as masks and laboratory gloves, free-standing films, air quality monitors, and wearable devices is presented to illustrate the versatility of the approach. Such formats are designed to be responsive to human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), anti-hepatitis B (HBV) antibodies, Botulinum neurotoxin B (BoNT/B), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This combination of form and function offers wide opportunities for ubiquitous sensing in multiple environments by enabling a large class of bio-responsive interfaces of broad utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana d'Amone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Giusy Matzeu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Alfredo Quijano-Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gregory P Callahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Bradley Napier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Laboratory for Living Devices, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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87
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Wu J, Liu H, Chen W, Ma B, Ju H. Device integration of electrochemical biosensors. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:346-360. [PMID: 37168735 PMCID: PMC9951169 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors incorporate a recognition element and an electronic transducer for the highly sensitive detection of analytes in body fluids. Importantly, they can provide rapid readouts and they can be integrated into portable, wearable and implantable devices for point-of-care diagnostics; for example, the personal glucose meter enables at-home assessment of blood glucose levels, greatly improving the management of diabetes. In this Review, we discuss the principles of electrochemical biosensing and the design of electrochemical biosensor devices for health monitoring and disease diagnostics, with a particular focus on device integration into wearable, portable and implantable systems. Finally, we outline the key engineering challenges that need to be addressed to improve sensing accuracy, enable multiplexing and one-step processes, and integrate electrochemical biosensing devices in digital health-care pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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88
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Abstract
Skin-interfaced microfluidic systems help assess health status and chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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89
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Yuan X, Li C, Yin X, Yang Y, Ji B, Niu Y, Ren L. Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Sweat. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:313. [PMID: 36979525 PMCID: PMC10045998 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological information detection technology is mainly used for the detection of physiological and biochemical parameters closely related to human tissues and organ lesions, such as biomarkers. This technology has important value in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases in their early stages. Wearable biosensors can be integrated with the Internet of Things and Big Data to realize the detection, transmission, storage, and comprehensive analysis of human physiological and biochemical information. This technology has extremely wide applications and considerable market prospects in frontier fields including personal health monitoring, chronic disease diagnosis and management, and home medical care. In this review, we systematically summarized the sweat biomarkers, introduced the sweat extraction and collection methods, and discussed the application and development of epidermal wearable biosensors for monitoring biomarkers in sweat in preclinical research in recent years. In addition, the current challenges and development prospects in this field were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Xu Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Bowen Ji
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yinbo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Li Ren
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
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90
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Yang J, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Gu Y, Qin S, Haick H, Wang Y. Toward a new generation of permeable skin electronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3051-3078. [PMID: 36723108 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mountable electronics are considered to be the future of the next generation of portable electronics, due to their softness and seamless integration with human skin. However, impermeable materials limit device comfort and reliability for long-term, continuous usage. The recent emergence of permeable skin-mountable electronics has attracted tremendous attention in the soft electronics field. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and systematic review of permeable skin-mountable electronics. Typical porous materials and structures are first highlighted, followed by discussion of important device properties. Then, we review the latest representative applications of breathable skin-mountable electronics, such as bioelectrical sensors, temperature sensors, humidity and hydration sensors, strain and pressure sensors, and energy harvesting and storage devices. Finally, a conclusion and future directions for permeable skin electronics are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zongman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yumiao Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Yuheng Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Shenglin Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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91
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Dervisevic M, Dervisevic E, Esser L, Easton CD, Cadarso VJ, Voelcker NH. Wearable microneedle array-based sensor for transdermal monitoring of pH levels in interstitial fluid. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114955. [PMID: 36462430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle-based wearable sensors offer an alternative approach to traditional invasive blood-based health monitoring and disease diagnostics techniques. Instead of blood, microneedle-based sensors target the skin interstitial fluid (ISF), in which the biomarker type and concentration profile resemble the one found in the blood. However, unlike blood, interstitial fluid does not have the same pH-buffering capacity causing deviation of pH levels from the physiological range. Information about the skin ISF pH levels can be used as a biomarker for a wide range of pathophysiological conditions and as a marker for the calibration of a wearable sensor. The ISF pH can significantly affect the detection accuracy of other biomarkers as it influences enzyme activity, aptamer affinity, and antibody-antigen interaction. Herein, we report the fabrication of a high-density polymeric microneedle array-based (PMNA) sensing patch and its optimization for the potentiometric transdermal monitoring of pH levels in ISF. The wearable sensor utilizes a polyaniline-coated PMNA having a density of ∼10,000 microneedles per cm2, containing individual microneedles with a height of ∼250 μm, and a tip diameter of ∼2 μm. To prevent interference from other body fluids like sweat, an insulating layer is deposited at the base of the PMNA. The wearable pH sensor operates from pH 4.0 to 8.6 with a sensitivity of 62.9 mV per pH unit and an accuracy of ±0.036 pH units. Furthermore, testing on a mouse demonstrates the ability of the PMNA to provide a real-time reading of the transdermal pH values. This microneedle-based system will significantly contribute to advancing transdermal wearable sensors technology, simplifying the fabrication process, and improving the cost-effectiveness of such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muamer Dervisevic
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building, 20 Research Way, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Lars Esser
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher D Easton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building, 20 Research Way, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
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92
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Ribet F, Bendes A, Fredolini C, Dobielewski M, Böttcher M, Beck O, Schwenk JM, Stemme G, Roxhed N. Microneedle Patch for Painless Intradermal Collection of Interstitial Fluid Enabling Multianalyte Measurement of Small Molecules, SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, and Protein Profiling. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202564. [PMID: 36748807 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood sampling is a common practice to monitor health, but it entails a series of drawbacks for patients including pain and discomfort. Thus, there is a demand for more convenient ways to obtain samples. Modern analytical techniques enable monitoring of multiple bioanalytes in smaller samples, opening possibilities for new matrices, and microsampling technologies to be adopted. Interstitial fluid (ISF) is an attractive alternative matrix that shows good correlation with plasma concentration dynamics for several analytes and can be sampled in a minimally invasive and painless manner from the skin at the point-of-care. However, there is currently a lack of sampling devices compatible with clinical translation. Here, to tackle state-of-the-art limitations, a cost-effective and compact single-microneedle-based device designed to painlessly collect precisely 1.1 µL of dermal ISF within minutes is presented. The fluid is volume-metered, dried, and stably stored into analytical-grade paper within the microfluidic device. The obtained sample can be mailed to a laboratory, quantitatively analyzed, and provide molecular insights comparable to blood testing. In a human study, the possibility to monitor various classes of molecular analytes is demonstrated in ISF microsamples, including caffeine, hundreds of proteins, and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, some being detected in ISF for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ribet
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Annika Bendes
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), SciLifeLab, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | - Claudia Fredolini
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), SciLifeLab, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | - Mikolaj Dobielewski
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Michael Böttcher
- MVZ Medizinische Labor Dessau Kassel GmbH, D-06847, Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Olof Beck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), SciLifeLab, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
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93
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Flatebo C, Conkright WR, Beckner ME, Batchelor RH, Kippin TE, Heikenfeld J, Plaxco KW. Efforts toward the continuous monitoring of molecular markers of performance. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00028-2. [PMID: 36841706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Technologies supporting the continuous, real-time measurement of blood oxygen saturation and plasma glucose levels have improved our ability to monitor performance status. Our ability to monitor other molecular markers of performance, however, including the hormones known to indicate overtraining and general health, has lagged. That is, although a number of other molecular markers of performance status have been identified, we have struggled to develop viable technologies supporting their real-time monitoring in the body. Here we review biosensor approaches that may support such measurements, as well as the molecules potentially of greatest interest to monitor. DESIGN Narrative literature review. METHOD Literature review. RESULTS Significant effort has been made to harness the specificity, affinity, and generalizability of biomolecular recognition in a platform technology supporting continuous in vivo molecular measurements. Most biosensor approaches, however, are either not generalizable to most targets, or fail when challenged in the complex environments found in vivo. Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors, in contrast, are the first technology to simultaneously achieve both of these critical attributes. In an effort to illustrate the potential of this platform technology, we both critically review the literature describing it and briefly survey some of the molecular performance markers we believe will prove advantageous to monitor using it. CONCLUSIONS Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors may be the first truly generalizable technology for monitoring specific molecules in situ in the body and how adaptation of the platform to subcutaneous microneedles will enable the real-time monitoring of performance markers via a wearable, minimally invasive device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Flatebo
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tod E Kippin
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Biomedical, Electrical, and Chemical Engineering, Director Novel Devices Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biological Engineering Graduate Program, University of California Santa Barbara, USA.
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94
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Faham S, Salimi A, Ghavami R. Electrochemical-based remote biomarker monitoring: Toward Internet of Wearable Things in telemedicine. Talanta 2023; 253:123892. [PMID: 36095939 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Internet of Wearable Things (IoWT) will be a major breakthrough for remote medical monitoring. In this scenario, wearable biomarker sensors have been developing not only to diagnose point-of-care (POC) of diseases, but also to continuously manage them. On-body tracking of biomarkers in biofluids is regarded as a proper substitution of conventional biomarker sensors for dynamic sampling and analyzing due to their high sensitivity, conformability, and affordability, creating ever-rising the market demand for them. In a wireless body area network (WBAN), data is captured from all sensors on the body to a smartphone/laptop, and sent the sensed data to a cloud for storing, processing, and retrieving, and ultimately displayed the data on custom applications (Apps). Wearable IoT biomarker sensors are used for early diseases diagnosis and continuous monitoring in developing countries in which people hardly access to healthcare systems. In this review, we aim to highlight a wide range of wearable electrochemical biomarker sensors, accompanied by microfluidics for continuous sampling, which will pave the way toward developing wearable IoT biomarker sensors to track health status. The current challenges and future perspective in skin-conformal biomarker sensors will be discussing their potential applicability for IoWT in cloud-based telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Faham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran; Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Raouf Ghavami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
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95
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Himawan A, Vora LK, Permana AD, Sudir S, Nurdin AR, Nislawati R, Hasyim R, Scott CJ, Donnelly RF. Where Microneedle Meets Biomarkers: Futuristic Application for Diagnosing and Monitoring Localized External Organ Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202066. [PMID: 36414019 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular tissue fluids are interesting biomatrices that have recently attracted scientists' interest. Many significant biomarkers for localized external organ diseases have been isolated from this biofluid. In the diagnostic and disease monitoring context, measuring biochemical entities from the fluids surrounding the diseased tissues may give more important clinical value than measuring them at a systemic level. Despite all these facts, pushing tissue fluid-based diagnosis and monitoring forward to clinical settings faces one major problem: its accessibility. Most extracellular tissue fluid, such as interstitial fluid (ISF), is abundant but hard to collect, and the currently available technologies are invasive and expensive. This is where novel microneedle technology can help tackle this significant obstacle. The ability of microneedle technology to minimally invasively access tissue fluid-containing biomarkers will enable ISF and other tissue fluid utilization in the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of localized diseases. This review attempts to present the current pursuit of the application of microneedle systems as a diagnostic and monitoring platform, along with the recent progress of biomarker detection in diagnosing and monitoring localized external organ diseases. Then, the potential use of various microneedles in future clinical diagnostics and monitoring of localized diseases is discussed by presenting the currently studied cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Himawan
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT97BL, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Sumarheni Sudir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Airin R Nurdin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.,Hasanuddin University Hospital, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ririn Nislawati
- Hasanuddin University Hospital, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Rafikah Hasyim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT97BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT97BL, UK
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96
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Dong T, Matos Pires NM, Yang Z, Jiang Z. Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials for Protein Biomarker Detection in Saliva. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205429. [PMID: 36585368 PMCID: PMC9951322 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The focus on precise medicine enhances the need for timely diagnosis and frequent monitoring of chronic diseases. Moreover, the recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 poses a great demand for rapid detection and surveillance of viral infections. The detection of protein biomarkers and antigens in the saliva allows rapid identification of diseases or disease changes in scenarios where and when the test response at the point of care is mandated. While traditional methods of protein testing fail to provide the desired fast results, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials hold perfect characteristics for the detection of biomarkers in point-of-care settings. The recent advances in electrochemical sensors for salivary protein detection are critically reviewed in this work, with emphasis on the role of nanomaterials to boost the biosensor analytical performance and increase the reliability of the test in human saliva samples. Furthermore, this work identifies the critical factors for further modernization of the nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors, envisaging the development and implementation of next-generation sample-in-answer-out systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Department of Microsystems‐ IMSFaculty of TechnologyNatural Sciences and Maritime SciencesUniversity of South‐Eastern Norway‐USNP.O. Box 235Kongsberg3603Norway
| | - Nuno Miguel Matos Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Systems and Intelligent TransductionCollaborative Innovation Center on Micro‐Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco‐Internet of ThingsChongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro‐Nano Systems Technology and Smart TransducingNational Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing ServiceChongqing Technology and Business UniversityNan'an DistrictChongqing400067China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Systems and Intelligent TransductionCollaborative Innovation Center on Micro‐Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco‐Internet of ThingsChongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro‐Nano Systems Technology and Smart TransducingNational Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing ServiceChongqing Technology and Business UniversityNan'an DistrictChongqing400067China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Systems and Intelligent TransductionCollaborative Innovation Center on Micro‐Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco‐Internet of ThingsChongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro‐Nano Systems Technology and Smart TransducingNational Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing ServiceChongqing Technology and Business UniversityNan'an DistrictChongqing400067China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringInternational Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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97
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Mei R, Wang Y, Zhao X, Shi S, Wang X, Zhou N, Shen D, Kang Q, Chen L. Skin Interstitial Fluid-Based SERS Tags Labeled Microneedles for Tracking of Peritonitis Progression and Treatment Effect. ACS Sens 2023; 8:372-380. [PMID: 36638363 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Skin interstitial fluid (ISF)-based microneedle (MN) sensing has recently exhibited wide promise for the minimally invasive and painless diagnosis of diseases. However, it is still a great challenge to diagnose more disease types due to the limited in situ sensing techniques and insufficient ISF biomarker sources. Herein, ISF is employed to pioneer the tracking of acute peritonitis progression via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags labeled MNs patch technique. Densely deposited core-satellite gold nanoparticles and 3-mercaptophenylboronic acid as a Raman reporter enable the developed MNs patch with high sensitivity and selectivity in the determination of H2O2, an indicator of peritonitis development. Importantly, the MNs patch not only reliably tracks the different states of peritonitis but also evaluates the efficacy of drugs in the treatment of peritonitis, as evidenced by the altered SERS signal consistent with plasma pro-inflammatory factor (TNF-α) and peritoneum pathological manifestations. Interestingly, the major source of H2O2 in ISF of acute peritonitis investigated may not be through conventional blood capillary filtration pathway. This work provides a new route and technique for the early diagnosis of acute peritonitis and the evaluation of drug therapy effects. The developed MNs patch is promising to serve as a universal sensing tool to greatly enrich the variety and prospect of ISF-based disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao Mei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.,School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xizhen Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Na Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Dazhong Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
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98
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Das R, Nag S, Banerjee P. Electrochemical Nanosensors for Sensitization of Sweat Metabolites: From Concept Mapping to Personalized Health Monitoring. Molecules 2023; 28:1259. [PMID: 36770925 PMCID: PMC9920341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweat contains a broad range of important biomarkers, which may be beneficial for acquiring non-invasive biochemical information on human health status. Therefore, highly selective and sensitive electrochemical nanosensors for the non-invasive detection of sweat metabolites have turned into a flourishing contender in the frontier of disease diagnosis. A large surface area, excellent electrocatalytic behavior and conductive properties make nanomaterials promising sensor materials for target-specific detection. Carbon-based nanomaterials (e.g., CNT, carbon quantum dots, and graphene), noble metals (e.g., Au and Pt), and metal oxide nanomaterials (e.g., ZnO, MnO2, and NiO) are widely used for modifying the working electrodes of electrochemical sensors, which may then be further functionalized with requisite enzymes for targeted detection. In the present review, recent developments (2018-2022) of electrochemical nanosensors by both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic sensors for the effectual detection of sweat metabolites (e.g., glucose, ascorbic acid, lactate, urea/uric acid, ethanol and drug metabolites) have been comprehensively reviewed. Along with this, electrochemical sensing principles, including potentiometry, amperometry, CV, DPV, SWV and EIS have been briefly presented in the present review for a conceptual understanding of the sensing mechanisms. The detection thresholds (in the range of mM-nM), sensitivities, linear dynamic ranges and sensing modalities have also been properly addressed for a systematic understanding of the judicious design of more effective sensors. One step ahead, in the present review, current trends of flexible wearable electrochemical sensors in the form of eyeglasses, tattoos, gloves, patches, headbands, wrist bands, etc., have also been briefly summarized, which are beneficial for on-body in situ measurement of the targeted sweat metabolites. On-body monitoring of sweat metabolites via wireless data transmission has also been addressed. Finally, the gaps in the ongoing research endeavors, unmet challenges, outlooks and future prospects have also been discussed for the development of advanced non-invasive self-health-care-monitoring devices in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyanka Das
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somrita Nag
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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99
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Mofidfar M, Song X, Kelly JT, Rubenstein MH, Zare RN. Silicone Wristband Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Combined Exposome and Metabolome Profiling. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - John T. Kelly
- Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA
| | | | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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100
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Zhang S, Jiang H, Wang S, Yuan J, Yi W, Wang L, Liu X, Liu F, Cheng GJ. Epidermal Patch with Biomimetic Multistructural Microfluidic Channels for Timeliness Monitoring of Sweat. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:469-478. [PMID: 36577013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors have been developed rapidly in recent years due to the great potential in health monitoring. Developing a convenient manufacturing process and a novel structure to realize timeliness and continuous monitoring of sweat is crucial for the practical application of sweat sensors. Herein, inspired by the striped grooves and granular structures of bamboo leaves, we realized an epidermal patch with biomimetic multilevel structural microfluidic channels for timeliness monitoring of sweat via 3D printing and femtosecond laser processing. The striped grooves and ridges are alternately arranged at the bottom of the microfluidic channels, and the surface of the ridges has rough granular structures. The striped grooves improve the capillary effect in the microchannels by dividing the microchannels, and the granular structures enhance the slip effect of sweat by increasing surface hydrophobicity. The experimental results show that compared with the conventional microfluidic channels, the water collecting rate of the biomimetic microchannels increased by about 60%, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. The superior sweat-collecting efficiency in the epidermal patch with the biomimetic multistructure enables sensitive, continuous, and stable monitoring of sweat physiological signals. Besides, this work provides new design and manufacturing approaches for other microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhuo Zhang
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Haoqing Jiang
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wendi Yi
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Gary J Cheng
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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