51
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Muir V, Sagadiev S, Liu S, Holder U, Armendariz AM, Suchland E, Meitlis I, Camp N, Giltiay N, Tam JM, Garner EC, Wivagg CN, Shows D, James RG, Lacy-Hulbert A, Acharya M. Transcriptomic analysis of pathways associated with ITGAV/alpha(v) integrin-dependent autophagy in human B cells. Autophagy 2023; 19:926-942. [PMID: 36016494 PMCID: PMC9980515 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy proteins have been linked with the development of immune-mediated diseases including lupus, but the mechanisms for this are unclear due to the complex roles of these proteins in multiple immune cell types. We have previously shown that a form of noncanonical autophagy induced by ITGAV/alpha(v) integrins regulates B cell activation by viral and self-antigens, in mice. Here, we investigate the involvement of this pathway in B cells from human tissues. Our data reveal that autophagy is specifically induced in the germinal center and memory B cell subpopulations of human tonsils and spleens. Transcriptomic analysis show that the induction of autophagy is related to unique aspects of activated B cells such as mitochondrial metabolism. To understand the function of ITGAV/alpha(v) integrin-dependent autophagy in human B cells, we used CRISPR-mediated knockdown of autophagy genes. Integrating data from primary B cells and knockout cells, we found that ITGAV/alpha(v)-dependent autophagy limits activation of specific pathways related to B cell responses, while promoting others. These data provide new mechanistic links for autophagy and B-cell-mediated immune dysregulation in diseases such as lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Muir
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara Sagadiev
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shuozhi Liu
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ursula Holder
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea M Armendariz
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emmaline Suchland
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Iana Meitlis
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Camp
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Natalia Giltiay
- Departments of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny M Tam
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan C Garner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carl N Wivagg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donna Shows
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard G James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatric, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam Lacy-Hulbert
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatric, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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52
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Jiang S, Feng R, Tian Z, Zhou J, Zhang W. Metabolic dialogs between B cells and the tumor microenvironment: Implications for anticancer immunity. Cancer Lett 2023; 556:216076. [PMID: 36724837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Immunometabolism, a branch of biology describing the link between immunity and metabolism, is an emerging topic in cancer immunology. It is currently well accepted that B cells and tertiary lymph structures formed by them are associated with favorable outcomes when patients undergo cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the determinants of B-cell fate and function in cancer patients is necessary for improving cancer immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence points to the tumor microenvironment being a critical metabolic hurdle to an efficient antitumor B-cell response. At the same time, several B-cell-derived metabolites have recently been reported to inhibit anticancer immunity. In this literature review, key B-cell immunometabolism studies and the metabolic life of B cells were summarized. Then, we discussed the intrinsic metabolic pathways of B cells themselves and how the tumor microenvironment and B cells in tumors metabolically influence each other. Finally, we pointed out key questions to provide some inspiration for further study of the role of B-cell immunometabolism in the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ranran Feng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziying Tian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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53
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Luo X, Wu X, Wang A, Chen Y, Peng Y, Deng C, Zhao L, Yang H, Zhou J, Peng L, Wu Q, Li M, Zhao Y, Zeng X, Zhang W, Fei Y. mTORC1-GLUT1-mediated glucose metabolism drives hyperactivation of B cells in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Immunology 2023; 168:432-443. [PMID: 36155926 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by B cell hyperactivation and hypergrammaglobulinemia. Currently, the role of metabolic pathways in the B cells of pSS patients is poorly defined. Here, we showed that upon cytosine phosphate-guanine (CpG)/sCD40L/IL-4 stimulation, B cells proportionally increased glycolysis and oxygen consumption, and compared with B cells from healthy controls (HCs), B cells from pSS patients exhibited higher glycolysis capacity and maximal oxidative respiration (OXPHOS). We also found that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in B cells from pSS patients was significantly higher than that in B cells from HCs. Treatment with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) inhibited the activation of B cells in pSS patients. Both 2-DG and Metformin inhibited the proliferation, formation of plasma/plasmablasts and decreased the IgG and IgM levels in the supernatants of B cells from pSS patients. Furthermore, inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin had an effect similar to that of 2-DG, suppressing B cell activation, proliferation and antibody production. Taken together, we demonstrated that B cells from pSS patients are more metabolically active than those from HCs and suggested that the mTORC1-GLUT1 glycolysis pathways were the major drivers of B cell hyperactivation and autoantibody production in pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.,Department of Rheumatology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunyao Wu
- Clinical Biobank, Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chuiwen Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Linyi Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Fei
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
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54
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Gehlhaar A, Shouval D, Santiago EG, Ling G, McCourt B, Werner L, Yerushalmi B, Konnikova L. Immune dysregulation in Glycogen Storage Disease 1b - a CyTOF approach. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2598829. [PMID: 36865166 PMCID: PMC9980199 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2598829/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen Storage Disease type 1b (GSD1b) is a rare disease manifesting as hypoglycemia, recurrent infections and neutropenia, resulting from deleterious mutations in the SLC37A4 gene encoding the glucose-6-phosphate transporter. The susceptibility to infections is thought to be attributed not only to the neutrophil defect, though extensive immunophenotyping characterization is currently missing. Here we apply a systems immunology approach utilizing Cytometry by Time Of Flight (CyTOF) to map the peripheral immune landscape of 6 GSD1b patients. When compared to control subjects, those with GSD1b had a significant reduction in anti-inflammatory macrophages, CD16+ macrophages, and Natural Killer cells. Additionally, there was a preference towards a central versus an effector memory phenotype in multiple T cell populations, which may suggest that these changes stem from an inability of activated immune cell populations to undergo the appropriate switch to glycolytic metabolism in the hypoglycemic conditions associated with GSD1b. Furthermore, we identified a global reduction of CD123, CD14, CCR4, CD24 and CD11b across several populations and a multi-cluster upregulation of CXCR3, hinting at a potential role of impaired immune cell trafficking in the context of GSD1b. Taken together, our data indicates that that the immune impairment observed in GSD1b patients extends far beyond neutropenia and encompasses innate and adaptive compartments, which may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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55
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Emrich SM, Yoast RE, Zhang X, Fike AJ, Wang YH, Bricker KN, Tao AY, Xin P, Walter V, Johnson MT, Pathak T, Straub AC, Feske S, Rahman ZSM, Trebak M. Orai3 and Orai1 mediate CRAC channel function and metabolic reprogramming in B cells. eLife 2023; 12:e84708. [PMID: 36803766 PMCID: PMC9998091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential role of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in T cells is well established. In contrast, the contribution of individual Orai isoforms to SOCE and their downstream signaling functions in B cells are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate changes in the expression of Orai isoforms in response to B cell activation. We show that both Orai3 and Orai1 mediate native CRAC channels in B cells. The combined loss of Orai1 and Orai3, but not Orai3 alone, impairs SOCE, proliferation and survival, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation, mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and the metabolic reprogramming of primary B cells in response to antigenic stimulation. Nevertheless, the combined deletion of Orai1 and Orai3 in B cells did not compromise humoral immunity to influenza A virus infection in mice, suggesting that other in vivo co-stimulatory signals can overcome the requirement of BCR-mediated CRAC channel function in B cells. Our results shed important new light on the physiological roles of Orai1 and Orai3 proteins in SOCE and the effector functions of B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kristen N Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Anthony Y Tao
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Martin T Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Trayambak Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Adam C Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ziaur SM Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
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56
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Abboud G, Choi SC, Zhang X, Park YP, Kanda N, Zeumer-Spataro L, Terrell M, Teng X, Nündel K, Shlomchik MJ, Morel L. Glucose Requirement of Antigen-Specific Autoreactive B Cells and CD4+ T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:377-388. [PMID: 36602759 PMCID: PMC9898175 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The activation of lymphocytes in patients with lupus and in mouse models of the disease is coupled with an increased cellular metabolism in which glucose plays a major role. The pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) reversed the expansion of follicular helper CD4+ T cells and germinal center B cells in lupus-prone mice, as well as the production of autoantibodies. The response of foreign Ags was however not affected by 2DG in these mice, suggesting that B and CD4+ T cell activation by autoantigens is uniquely sensitive to glycolysis. In this study, we tested this hypothesis with monoclonal B cells and CD4+ T cells specific for lupus-relevant autoantigens. AM14 Vκ8R (AM14) transgenic B cells are activated by IgG2a/chromatin immune complexes and they can receive cognate help from chromatin-specific 13C2 CD4+ T cells. We showed that activation of AM14 B cells by their cognate Ag PL2-3 induced glycolysis, and that the inhibition of glycolysis reduced their activation and differentiation into Ab-forming cells, in the absence or presence of T cell help. The dependency of autoreactive B cells on glycolysis is in sharp contrast with the previously reported dependency of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-specific B cells on fatty acid oxidation. Contrary to AM14 B cells, the activation and differentiation of 13C2 T cells into follicular helper CD4+ T cells was not altered by 2DG, which differs from polyclonal CD4+ T cells from lupus-prone mice. These results further define the role of glycolysis in the production of lupus autoantibodies and demonstrate the need to evaluate the metabolic requirements of Ag-specific B and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Abboud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuk Pheel Park
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nathalie Kanda
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leilani Zeumer-Spataro
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Morgan Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kirsten Nündel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mark J. Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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57
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Menezes dos Reis L, Berçot MR, Castelucci BG, Martins AJE, Castro G, Moraes-Vieira PM. Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020525. [PMID: 36851739 PMCID: PMC9965666 DOI: 10.3390/v15020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are known to induce a wide variety of respiratory tract illnesses, from simple colds to the latest coronavirus pandemic, causing effects on public health and the economy worldwide. Influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV) are some of the most notable RNA viruses. Despite efforts, due to the high mutation rate, there are still no effective and scalable treatments that accompany the rapid emergence of new diseases associated with respiratory RNA viruses. Host-directed therapies have been applied to combat RNA virus infections by interfering with host cell factors that enhance the ability of immune cells to respond against those pathogens. The reprogramming of immune cell metabolism has recently emerged as a central mechanism in orchestrated immunity against respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the metabolic signature of immune cells during virus infection may be a promising tool for developing host-directed therapies. In this review, we revisit recent findings on the immunometabolic modulation in response to infection and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be used as targets for new therapies to combat illnesses caused by respiratory RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Menezes dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Berçot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia Estumano Martins
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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58
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Muri J, Kopf M. The thioredoxin system: Balancing redox responses in immune cells and tumors. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249948. [PMID: 36285367 PMCID: PMC10100330 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (TRX) system is an important contributor to cellular redox balance and regulates cell growth, apoptosis, gene expression, and antioxidant defense in nearly all living cells. Oxidative stress, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, can lead to cell death and tissue damage, thereby contributing to aging and to the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular and allergic diseases, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Targeting its activity is also considered as a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. Over the past years, immunologists have established an essential function of TRX for activation, proliferation, and responses in T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Upon activation, immune cells rearrange their redox system and activate the TRX pathway to promote proliferation through sustainment of nucleotide biosynthesis, and to support inflammatory responses in myeloid cells by allowing NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome responses. Consequently, targeting the TRX system may therapeutically be exploited to inhibit immune responses in inflammatory conditions. In this review, we summarize recent insights revealing key roles of the TRX pathway in immune cells in health and disease, and lessons learnt for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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59
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Ulbricht C, Cao Y, Niesner RA, Hauser AE. In good times and in bad: How plasma cells resolve stress for a life-long union with the bone marrow. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112922. [PMID: 37033993 PMCID: PMC10080396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Ulbricht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A. Niesner
- Biophysical Analysis, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja E. Hauser,
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60
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Ulbricht C, Leben R, Cao Y, Niesner RA, Hauser AE. Combined FRET-FLIM and NAD(P)H FLIM to Analyze B Cell Receptor Signaling Induced Metabolic Activity of Germinal Center B Cells In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2654:91-111. [PMID: 37106177 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3135-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Affinity maturation of B cell clones within germinal centers constitutes an important mechanism for immune memory. During this process, B cell receptor signaling capacity is tested in multiple rounds of positive selection. Antigen stimulation and co-stimulatory signals mobilize calcium to switch on gene expression leading to proliferation and survival and to differentiation into memory B cells and plasma cells. Additionally, all these processes require adaption of B cell metabolism, and calcium signaling and metabolic pathways are closely interlinked. Mitochondrial adaption, ROS production, and NADPH oxidase activation are involved in cell fate decisions, but it remains elusive to what extent, especially because the analysis of these dynamic processes in germinal centers has to take place in vivo. Here, we introduce a quantitative intravital imaging method for combined measurement of cytoplasmic calcium concentration and enzymatic fingerprinting in germinal center B cells as a possible tool in order to further examine the relationship of calcium signaling and immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Ulbricht
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Leben
- Biophysical Analysis, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and functional in vivo imaging, Freie Universität Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Cao
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A Niesner
- Biophysical Analysis, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and functional in vivo imaging, Freie Universität Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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Imahashi N, Basar R, Huang Y, Wang F, Baran N, Banerjee PP, Lu J, Nunez Cortes AK, Uprety N, Ensley E, Muniz-Feliciano L, Laskowski TJ, Moyes JS, Daher M, Mendt M, Kerbauy LN, Shanley M, Li L, Lim FLWI, Shaim H, Li Y, Konopleva M, Green M, Wargo J, Shpall EJ, Chen K, Rezvani K. Activated B cells suppress T-cell function through metabolic competition. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e005644. [PMID: 36543374 PMCID: PMC9772692 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response. The induction of B cell-mediated immunosuppressive function requires B cell activating signals. However, the mechanisms by which activated B cells mediate T-cell suppression are not fully understood. METHODS We investigated the potential contribution of metabolic activity of activated B cells to T-cell suppression by performing in vitro experiments and by analyzing clinical samples using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS Here we show that following activation, B cells acquire an immunoregulatory phenotype and promote T-cell suppression by metabolic competition. Activated B cells induced hypoxia in T cells in a cell-cell contact dependent manner by consuming more oxygen via an increase in their oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Moreover, activated B cells deprived T cells of glucose and produced lactic acid through their high glycolytic activity. Activated B cells thus inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in T cells, resulting in suppression of T-cell cytokine production and proliferation. Finally, we confirmed the presence of tumor-associated B cells with high glycolytic and OXPHOS activities in patients with melanoma, associated with poor response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. CONCLUSIONS We have revealed for the first time the immunomodulatory effects of the metabolic activity of activated B cells and their possible role in suppressing antitumor T-cell responses. These findings add novel insights into immunometabolism and have important implications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Imahashi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rafet Basar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuefan Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pinaki Prosad Banerjee
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junjun Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ana Karen Nunez Cortes
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nadima Uprety
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily Ensley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Muniz-Feliciano
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tamara J Laskowski
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Judy S Moyes
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mayela Mendt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lucila N Kerbauy
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Hemotherapy/Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra Shanley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Francesca Lorraine Wei Inng Lim
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hila Shaim
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Green
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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62
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Ye C, Xu Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Liu J. Role of Tfh17 cells in patients with multiple myeloma. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 27:820-825. [PMID: 35904276 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) drive proliferation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, leading to antibody production; however, their role in multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. We aimed to determine the alteration of Tfh subsets and their clinical significance in patients with MM.Method Forty-nine patients with MM were recruited in this study, including 12 newly diagnosed patients, 10 relapsed patients, and 8 patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) from Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital. Total CD4 + CXCR5 + CD25lowCD127intermediate-high Tfh cells, CXCR3 + CCR6-Tfh1 cells, CXCR3-CCR6-Tfh2 cells, and CXCR3-CCR6 + Tfh17 cells from the peripheral blood of these patients were analyzed by flow cytometry.Result Although total Tfh cells were not significantly changed in patients with MM compared to that in healthy controls (HCs), the Tfh17/Tfh ratio was significantly elevated in patients with MM compared to that in HCs (P = 0.0001). Importantly, relapsed patients had higher Tfh17/Tfh ratio than the newly diagnosed patients (P = 0.0077). Moreover, the Tfh17/Tfh ratio was significantly decreased in patients with MM who received ASCT (post-ASCT) when compared to that in HCs and non-ASCT patients (P < 0.0001), but no change was observed between post-ASCT patients and HCs (P = 0.7498).Conclusion The Tfh17/Tfh ratio was significantly elevated in patients with MM, especially in relapsed patients, indicating that Tfh17 cells may play a critical role in the clinical progression of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Ye
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuni Xu
- Department of laboratory medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenni Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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63
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Föh B, Buhre JS, Sina C, Ehlers M. Influence of nutrients and metabolites on the differentiation of plasma cells and implications for autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004644. [PMID: 36466846 PMCID: PMC9716886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The modulation of inflammatory (auto)immune reactions by nutrients and gut bacterial metabolites is of great interest for potential preventive and therapeutic strategies. B cell-derived plasma cells are major players in inflammatory (auto)immune responses and can exhibit pro- or anti-inflammatory effects through (auto)antibody-dependent and -independent functions. Emerging evidence indicates a key role of nutrients and microbial metabolites in regulating the differentiation of plasma cells as well as their differentiation to pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. These effects might be mediated indirectly by influencing other immune cells or directly through B cell-intrinsic mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of nutrients and metabolites that influence B cell-intrinsic signaling pathways regulating B cell activation, plasma cell differentiation, and effector functions. Furthermore, we outline important inflammatory plasma cell phenotypes whose differentiation could be targeted by nutrients and microbial metabolites. Finally, we discuss possible implications for inflammatory (auto)immune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandik Föh
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jana Sophia Buhre
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
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64
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Advances in Understanding of Metabolism of B-Cell Lymphoma: Implications for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225552. [PMID: 36428647 PMCID: PMC9688663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been significant recent advances in the understanding of the role of metabolism in normal and malignant B-cell biology. Previous research has focused on the role of MYC and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and how these interact with B-cell receptor signaling and hypoxia to regulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and related metabolic pathways in germinal centers. Many of the commonest forms of lymphoma arise from germinal center B-cells, reflecting the physiological attenuation of normal DNA damage checkpoints to facilitate somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin genes. As a result, these lymphomas can inherit the metabolic state of their cell-of-origin. There is increasing interest in the potential of targeting metabolic pathways for anti-cancer therapy. Some metabolic inhibitors such as methotrexate have been used to treat lymphoma for decades, with several new agents being recently licensed such as inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-kinase. Several other inhibitors are in development including those blocking mTOR, glutaminase, OXPHOS and monocarboxylate transporters. In addition, recent work has highlighted the importance of the interaction between diet and cancer, with particular focus on dietary modifications that restrict carbohydrates and specific amino acids. This article will review the current state of this field and discuss future developments.
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65
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Sun Y, Zou Y, Wang H, Cui G, Yu Z, Ren Z. Immune response induced by novel coronavirus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:988604. [PMID: 36389144 PMCID: PMC9641212 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.988604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has been prominent around the world since it was first discovered, affecting more than 100 million people. Although the symptoms of most infected patients are not serious, there is still a considerable proportion of patients who need hospitalization and even develop fatal symptoms such as cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome and so on. Cytokine storm is usually described as a collection of clinical manifestations caused by overactivation of the immune system, which plays an important role in tissue injury and multiorgan failure. The immune system of healthy individuals is composed of two interrelated parts, the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against viruses; it can quickly perceive viruses through pattern recognition receptors and activate related inflammatory pathways to clear pathogens. The adaptive immune system is activated by specific antigens and is mainly composed of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells, which play different roles in viral infection. Here, we discuss the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In-depth study of the recognition of and response of innate immunity and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 will help to prevent the development of critical cases and aid the exploration of more targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Bystrom J, Taher TE, Henson SM, Gould DJ, Mageed RA. Metabolic requirements of Th17 cells and of B cells: Regulation and defects in health and in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:990794. [PMCID: PMC9614365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.990794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system protects from infections and cancer through complex cellular networks. For this purpose, immune cells require well-developed mechanisms of energy generation. However, the immune system itself can also cause diseases when defective regulation results in the emergence of autoreactive lymphocytes. Recent studies provide insights into how differential patterns of immune cell responses are associated with selective metabolic pathways. This review will examine the changing metabolic requirements of Th17 cells and of B cells at different stages of their development and activation. Both cells provide protection but can also mediate diseases through the production of autoantibodies and the production of proinflammatory mediators. In health, B cells produce antibodies and cytokines and present antigens to T cells to mount specific immunity. Th17 cells, on the other hand, provide protection against extra cellular pathogens at mucosal surfaces but can also drive chronic inflammation. The latter cells can also promote the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells to produce more autoantibodies. Metabolism-regulated checkpoints at different stages of their development ensure the that self-reactive B cells clones and needless production of interleukin (IL-)17 are limited. The metabolic regulation of the two cell types has some similarities, e.g. the utility of hypoxia induced factor (HIF)1α during low oxygen tension, to prevent autoimmunity and regulate inflammation. There are also clear differences, as Th17 cells only are vulnerable to the lack of certain amino acids. B cells, unlike Th17 cells, are also dependent of mechanistic target of rapamycin 2 (mTORC2) to function. Significant knowledge has recently been gained, particularly on Th17 cells, on how metabolism regulates these cells through influencing their epigenome. Metabolic dysregulation of Th17 cells and B cells can lead to chronic inflammation. Disease associated alterations in the genome can, in addition, cause dysregulation to metabolism and, thereby, result in epigenetic alterations in these cells. Recent studies highlight how pathology can result from the cooperation between the two cell types but only few have so far addressed the key metabolic alterations in such settings. Knowledge of the impact of metabolic dysfunction on chronic inflammation and pathology can reveal novel therapeutic targets to treat such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bystrom
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jonas Bystrom, ; Taher E. Taher,
| | - Taher E. Taher
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jonas Bystrom, ; Taher E. Taher,
| | - Sian M. Henson
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Gould
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rizgar A. Mageed
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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D Lempicki M, Paul S, Serbulea V, Upchurch CM, Sahu S, Gray JA, Ailawadi G, Garcia BL, McNamara CA, Leitinger N, Meher AK. BAFF antagonism via the BAFF receptor 3 binding site attenuates BAFF 60-mer-induced classical NF-κB signaling and metabolic reprogramming of B cells. Cell Immunol 2022; 381:104603. [PMID: 36182705 PMCID: PMC10691782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Human recombinant B cell activating factor (BAFF) is secreted as 3-mers, which can associate to form 60-mers in culture supernatants. However, the presence of BAFF multimers in humans is still debated and it is incompletely understood how BAFF multimers activate the B cells. Here, we demonstrate that BAFF can exist as 60-mers or higher order multimers in human plasma. In vitro, BAFF 60-mer strongly induced the transcriptome of B cells which was partly attenuated by antagonism using a soluble fragment of BAFF receptor 3. Furthermore, compared to BAFF 3-mer, BAFF 60-mer strongly induced a transient classical and prolonged alternate NF-κB signaling, glucose oxidation by both aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and succinate utilization by mitochondria. BAFF antagonism selectively attenuated classical NF-κB signaling and glucose oxidation. Altogether, our results suggest critical roles of BAFF 60-mer and its BAFF receptor 3 binding site in hyperactivation of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Lempicki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Saikat Paul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, VA 22908, United States
| | - Clint M Upchurch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, VA 22908, United States
| | - Srabani Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, VA 22908, United States
| | - Jake A Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, VA 22908, United States
| | - Brandon L Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, VA 22908, United States
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, VA 22908, United States
| | - Akshaya K Meher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, VA 22908, United States.
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68
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Cao T, Liu L, To KK, Lim C, Zhou R, Ming Y, Kwan K, Yu S, Chan C, Zhou B, Huang H, Mo Y, Du Z, Gong R, Yat L, Hung IF, Tam AR, To W, Leung W, Chik TS, Tsang OT, Lin X, Song Y, Yuen K, Chen Z. Mitochondrial regulation of acute extrafollicular B-cell responses to COVID-19 severity. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1025. [PMID: 36103567 PMCID: PMC9473490 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with COVID-19 display a broad spectrum of manifestations from asymptomatic to life-threatening disease with dysregulated immune responses. Mechanisms underlying the detrimental immune responses and disease severity remain elusive. METHODS We investigated a total of 137 APs infected with SARS-CoV-2. Patients were divided into mild and severe patient groups based on their requirement of oxygen supplementation. All blood samples from APs were collected within three weeks after symptom onset. Freshly isolated PBMCs were investigated for B cell subsets, their homing potential, activation state, mitochondrial functionality and proliferative response. Plasma samples were tested for cytokine concentration, and titer of Nabs, RBD-, S1-, SSA/Ro- and dsDNA-specific IgG. RESULTS While critically ill patients displayed predominantly extrafollicular B cell activation with elevated inflammation, mild patients counteracted the disease through the timely induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in B cells within the first week post symptom onset. Rapidly increased mitochondrial dysfunction, which was caused by infection-induced excessive intracellular calcium accumulation, suppressed excessive extrafollicular responses, leading to increased neutralizing potency index and decreased inflammatory cytokine production. Patients who received prior COVID-19 vaccines before infection displayed significantly decreased extrafollicular B cell responses and mild disease. CONCLUSION Our results reveal an immune mechanism that controls SARS-CoV-2-induced detrimental B cell responses and COVID-19 severity, which may have implications for viral pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Cao
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Department of ImmunologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
- Department of DermatologyTangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Centre for VirologyVaccinology and Therapeutics LimitedHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai‐Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Department of ImmunologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Centre for VirologyVaccinology and Therapeutics LimitedHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chun‐Yu Lim
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ming
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ka‐Yi Kwan
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Sulan Yu
- School of Chinese MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chun‐Yin Chan
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zhou
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haode Huang
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Mo
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglong Du
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ruomei Gong
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Luk‐Tsz Yat
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Fan‐Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of MedicineQueen Mary HospitalHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wing‐Kin To
- Department of PathologyPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wai‐Shing Leung
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Shiu‐Hong Chik
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Owen Tak‐Yin Tsang
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsPrincess Margaret HospitalHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - You‐qiang Song
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kwok‐Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Centre for VirologyVaccinology and Therapeutics LimitedHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
- Centre for VirologyVaccinology and Therapeutics LimitedHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
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69
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Li T, Li Y, Li JW, Qin YH, Zhai H, Feng B, Li H, Zhang NN, Yang CS. Expression of TRAF6 in peripheral blood B cells of patients with myasthenia gravis. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:302. [PMID: 35978310 PMCID: PMC9382794 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) can regulate the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways by acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which enhances B cell activation. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of TRAF6 in the peripheral blood B cells of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients and analyze the relationships between TRAF6 expression and clinical characteristics. Method In our study, the expression level of TRAF6 in peripheral blood B cells of 89 patients was measured by flow cytometry compared with that of healthy subjects. The effects of disease severity, MG classification and immunotherapy on TRAF6 expression level were also analyzed. Results In our study, TRAF6 expression was elevated in CD19+ B cells and CD19+CD27+ memory B cells in generalized MG (GMG) patients compared with ocular MG (OMG) patients (p = 0.03 and p = 0.03, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between the TRAF6 expression level and disease severity in both OMG patients and GMG patients (CD19+ B cells: OMG: p < 0.001, r = 0.89; GMG: p = 0.001, r = 0.59; CD29+CD27+ B cells: OMG: p = 0.001, r = 0.80; GMG: p = 0.048, r = 0.38). TRAF6 expression was significantly elevated in CD19+ B cells and CD19+CD27+ memory B cells in GMG with acute aggravation compared with GMG in MMS (p = 0.009 and p = 0.028, respectively). In the eleven MG patients who were followed, TRAF6 expression in B cells and memory B cells was significantly decreased after treatment (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion TRAF6 is potentially a useful biomarker of inflammation in patients with MG, and might be used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-022-02833-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jia-Wen Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ying-Hui Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning-Nannan Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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70
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Zhang J, Wu X, Ma J, Long K, Sun J, Li M, Ge L. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor signals regulate the development, metabolism, and function of B cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967576. [PMID: 36045669 PMCID: PMC9421003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common hallmark of healthy tissues in physiological states or chronically inflamed tissues in pathological states. Mammalian cells sense and adapt to hypoxia mainly through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling. Many studies have shown that hypoxia and HIF signaling play an important regulatory role in development and function of innate immune cells and T cells, but their role in B cell biology is still controversial. B cells experience a complex life cycle (including hematopoietic stem cells, pro-B cells, pre-B cells, immature B cells, mature naïve B cells, activated B cells, plasma cells, and memory B cells), and the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the corresponding developmental niche of stage-specific B cells is highly dynamic, which suggests that hypoxia and HIF signaling may play an indispensable role in B cell biology. Based on the fact that hypoxia niches exist in the B cell life cycle, this review focuses on recent discoveries about how hypoxia and HIF signaling regulate the development, metabolism, and function of B cells, to facilitate a deep understanding of the role of hypoxia in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity and to provide novel strategies for vaccine adjuvant research and the treatment of immunity-related or infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Camab Biotech Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keren Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Camab Biotech Ltd., Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liangpeng Ge,
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71
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Okoreeh MK, Kennedy DE, Emmanuel AO, Veselits M, Moshin A, Ladd RH, Erickson S, McLean KC, Madrigal B, Nemazee D, Maienschein-Cline M, Mandal M, Clark MR. Asymmetrical forward and reverse developmental trajectories determine molecular programs of B cell antigen receptor editing. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm1664. [PMID: 35930652 PMCID: PMC9636592 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During B lymphopoiesis, B cell progenitors progress through alternating and mutually exclusive stages of clonal expansion and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements. Great diversity is generated through the stochastic recombination of Ig gene segments encoding heavy and light chain variable domains. However, this commonly generates autoreactivity. Receptor editing is the predominant tolerance mechanism for self-reactive B cells in the bone marrow (BM). B cell receptor editing rescues autoreactive B cells from negative selection through renewed light chain recombination first at Igκ then Igλ loci. Receptor editing depends on BM microenvironment cues and key transcription factors such as NF-κB, FOXO, and E2A. The specific BM factor required for receptor editing is unknown. Furthermore, how transcription factors coordinate these developmental programs to promote usage of the λ chain remains poorly defined. Therefore, we used two mouse models that recapitulate pathways by which Igλ light chain-positive B cells develop. The first has deleted J kappa (Jκ) genes and hence models Igλ expression resulting from failed Igκ recombination (Igκdel). The second models autoreactivity by ubiquitous expression of a single-chain chimeric anti-Igκ antibody (κ-mac). Here, we demonstrated that autoreactive B cells transit asymmetric forward and reverse developmental trajectories. This imparted a unique epigenetic landscape on small pre-B cells, which opened chromatin to transcription factors essential for Igλ recombination. The consequences of this asymmetric developmental path were both amplified and complemented by CXCR4 signaling. These findings reveal how intrinsic molecular programs integrate with extrinsic signals to drive receptor editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Okoreeh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Growth, Development, Disabilities Training program (GDDTP), Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Domenick E. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Present Address: Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Discovery Platform Technologies, Chemical Biology and Emerging Therapeutics, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Akinola Olumide Emmanuel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Margaret Veselits
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Azam Moshin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Robert H. Ladd
- Cytometry and Antibody Technologies Facility, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Steven Erickson
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kaitlin C. McLean
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Brianna Madrigal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Malay Mandal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Marcus R. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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72
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Goodings C, Zhao X, McKinney-Freeman S, Zhang H, Yang JJ. ARID5B influences B-cell development and function in mouse. Haematologica 2022; 108:502-512. [PMID: 35924577 PMCID: PMC9890020 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for an inherited basis of susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genomewide association studies by us and others have identified non-coding acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk variants at the ARID5B gene locus, but the molecular mechanisms linking ARID5B to normal and malignant hematopoiesis remain largely unknown. Using a Vav1-driven transgenic mouse model, we characterized the role of Arid5b in hematopoiesis in vivo. Arid5b overexpression resulted in a dramatic reduction in the proportion of circulating B cells, immature, and mature Bcell fractions in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow, and also a decrease of follicular B cells in the spleen. There were significant defects in B-cell activation upon Arid5b overexpression in vitro with hyperactivation of B-cell receptor signaling at baseline. In addition, increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate of naïve or stimulated B cells of Arid5b-overexpressing mice was observed, compared to the rate of wild-type counterparts. Taken together, our results indicate that ARID5B may play an important role in B-cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnise Goodings
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA,*CG and XZ contributed equally as co-first authors
| | - Xujie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA,*CG and XZ contributed equally as co-first authors
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA,J. J. Yang
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73
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Dvorscek AR, McKenzie CI, Robinson MJ, Ding Z, Pitt C, O'Donnell K, Zotos D, Brink R, Tarlinton DM, Quast I. IL-21 has a critical role in establishing germinal centers by amplifying early B cell proliferation. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54677. [PMID: 35801309 PMCID: PMC9442303 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of antigen‐specific B cells, including the generation of germinal centers (GC), are prerequisites for long‐lasting, antibody‐mediated immune protection. Affinity for antigen determines B cell recruitment, proliferation, differentiation, and competitiveness in the response, largely through determining access to T cell help. However, how T cell‐derived signals contribute to these outcomes is incompletely understood. Here, we report how the signature cytokine of follicular helper T cells, IL‐21, acts as a key regulator of the initial B cell response by accelerating cell cycle progression and the rate of cycle entry, increasing their contribution to the ensuing GC. This effect occurs over a wide range of initial B cell receptor affinities and correlates with elevated AKT and S6 phosphorylation. Moreover, the resultant increased proliferation can explain the IL‐21‐mediated promotion of plasma cell differentiation. Collectively, our data establish that IL‐21 acts from the outset of a T cell‐dependent immune response to increase cell cycle progression and fuel cyclic re‐entry of B cells, thereby regulating the initial GC size and early plasma cell output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Dvorscek
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Craig I McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Marcus J Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kristy O'Donnell
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Dimitra Zotos
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Isaak Quast
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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74
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Abstract
Energy metabolism maintains the activation of intracellular and intercellular signal transduction, and plays a crucial role in immune response. Under environmental stimulation, immune cells change from resting to activation and trigger metabolic reprogramming. The immune system cells exhibit different metabolic characteristics when performing functions. The study of immune metabolism provides new insights into the function of immune cells, including how they differentiate, migrate and exert immune responses. Studies of immune cell energy metabolism are beginning to shed light on the metabolic mechanism of disease progression and reveal new ways to target inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases, chronic viral infections, and cancer. Here, we discussed the relationship between immune cells and metabolism, and proposed the possibility of targeted metabolic process for disease treatment.
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75
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Fu Y, Wang L, Yu B, Xu D, Chu Y. Immunometabolism shapes B cell fate and functions. Immunology 2022; 166:444-457. [PMID: 35569110 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research Center Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Baichao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Damo Xu
- School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Shenzhen China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research Center Fudan University Shanghai China
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76
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Širvinskas D, Omrani O, Lu J, Rasa M, Krepelova A, Adam L, Kaeppel S, Sommer F, Neri F. Single-cell atlas of the aging mouse colon. iScience 2022; 25:104202. [PMID: 35479413 PMCID: PMC9035718 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed massive single-cell sequencing in the aging mouse colonic epithelium and immune cells. We identified novel compartment-specific markers as well as dramatic aging-associated changes in cell composition and signaling pathways, including a shift from absorptive to secretory epithelial cells, depletion of naive lymphocytes, and induction of eIF2 signaling. Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of death within the western world, incidence of which increases with age. The colonic epithelium is a rapidly renewing tissue, tasked with water and nutrient absorption, as well as hosting intestinal microbes. The colonic submucosa is populated with immune cells interacting with and regulating the epithelial cells. However, it is unknown whether compartment-specific changes occur during aging and what impact this would cause. We show that both epithelial and immune cells differ significantly between colonic compartments and experience significant age-related changes in mice. We found a shift in the absorptive-secretory cell balance, possibly linked to age-associated intestinal disturbances, such as malabsorption. We demonstrate marked changes in aging immune cells: population shifts and interactions with epithelial cells, linking cytokines (Ifn-γ, Il1B) with the aging of colonic epithelium. Our results provide new insights into the normal and age-associated states of the colon. Mouse colon shows compartment-specific transcriptional and population differences Old animal colon switches to a pro-inflammatory state Changes in epithelium linked to changes in tissue-resident immune cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Omrani
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mahdi Rasa
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Krepelova
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Adam
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Kaeppel
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Corresponding author
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77
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Hiwa R, Brooks JF, Mueller JL, Nielsen HV, Zikherman J. NR4A nuclear receptors in T and B lymphocytes: Gatekeepers of immune tolerance . Immunol Rev 2022; 307:116-133. [PMID: 35174510 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Random VDJ recombination early in T and B cell development enables the adaptive immune system to recognize a vast array of evolving pathogens via antigen receptors. However, the potential of such randomly generated TCRs and BCRs to recognize and respond to self-antigens requires layers of tolerance mechanisms to mitigate the risk of life-threatening autoimmunity. Since they were originally cloned more than three decades ago, the NR4A family of nuclear hormone receptors have been implicated in many critical aspects of immune tolerance, including negative selection of thymocytes, peripheral T cell tolerance, regulatory T cells (Treg), and most recently in peripheral B cell tolerance. In this review, we discuss important insights from many laboratories as well as our own group into the function and mechanisms by which this small class of primary response genes promotes self-tolerance and immune homeostasis to balance the need for host defense against the inherent risks posed by the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hiwa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James L Mueller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hailyn V Nielsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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78
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Kramer L, Song HW, Mitchell K, Kartik M, Jain R, Escarra VL, Quiros E, Fu H, Singh A, Roy K. Lipid Membrane‐Based Antigen Presentation to B Cells Using a Fully Synthetic Ex Vivo Germinal Center Model. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Kramer
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Hannah W. Song
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Kaiya Mitchell
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Mythili Kartik
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ritika Jain
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Victoria Lozano Escarra
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Enrique Quiros
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Harrison Fu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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79
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Fearon U, Hanlon MM, Floudas A, Veale DJ. Cellular metabolic adaptations in rheumatoid arthritis and their therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:398-414. [PMID: 35440762 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of endothelium and immune cells is fundamental to the initiation of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it results in trans-endothelial cell migration and synovial fibroblast proliferation, leading to joint destruction. In RA, the synovial microvasculature is highly dysregulated, resulting in inefficient oxygen perfusion to the synovium, which, along with the high metabolic demands of activated immune and stromal cells, leads to a profoundly hypoxic microenvironment. In inflamed joints, infiltrating immune cells and synovial resident cells have great requirements for energy and nutrients, and they adapt their metabolic profiles to generate sufficient energy to support their highly activated inflammatory states. This shift in metabolic capacity of synovial cells enables them to produce the essential building blocks to support their proliferation, activation and invasiveness. Furthermore, it results in the accumulation of metabolic intermediates and alteration of redox-sensitive pathways, affecting signalling pathways that further potentiate the inflammatory response. Importantly, the inflamed synovium is a multicellular tissue, with cells differing in their metabolic requirements depending on complex cell-cell interactions, nutrient supply, metabolic intermediates and transcriptional regulation. Therefore, understanding the complex interplay between metabolic and inflammatory pathways in synovial cells in RA will provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland. .,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Megan M Hanlon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Achilleas Floudas
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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80
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Chen H, Liu H, Liu L, Chen Y. Fabrication of subunit nanovaccines by physical interaction. SCIENCE CHINA. TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 65:989-999. [PMID: 35432491 PMCID: PMC9004205 DOI: 10.1007/s11431-021-2011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines can improve the quality of human life by preventing the burden of infectious diseases. Also, vaccination is becoming a powerful medication for preventing and treating tumors. Various vaccines have been developed based on the origin of the antigens. Herein, we focus on the subunit vaccines whose antigens are proteins or peptides. The advantage of subunit vaccines is safety for recipients; however, the immunogenicity of subunit antigens is relatively low. Nanoparticular delivery systems have been applied to improve the immunocompetence of subunit vaccines by targeting lymph nodes, and effectively present antigens to immune cells. Moreover, adding appropriate molecular adjuvants may strengthen the antigens to elicit immune response. In this perspective article, we first elucidate the characteristics of immunity induced by subunit nanovaccines and then summarize the strategies to fabricate subunit nanovaccines with delivering materials. Herein we highlight non-covalent interaction to fabricate nanoparticular subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoLin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 China
| | - LiXin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - YongMing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
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81
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Graney PL, Zhong Z, Post S, Brito I, Singh A. Engineering early memory B-cell-like phenotype in hydrogel-based immune organoids. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1435-1447. [PMID: 35388946 PMCID: PMC9214626 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Memory B cells originate in response to antigenic stimulation in B-cell follicles of secondary lymphoid organs where naive B cells undergo maturation within a subanatomical microenvironment, the germinal centers. The understanding of memory B-cell immunology and its regulation is based primarily on sophisticated experiments that involve mouse models. To date, limited evidence exists on whether memory B cells can be successfully engineered ex vivo, specifically using biomaterials-based platforms that support the growth and differentiation of B cells. Here, we report the characterization of a recently reported maleimide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels as immune organoids towards the development of early memory B-cell phenotype and germinal center-like B cells. We demonstrate that the use of interleukin 9 (IL9), IL21, and bacterial antigen presentation as outer membrane-bound fragments drives the conversion of naive, primary murine B cells to early memory phenotype in ex vivo immune organoids. These findings describe the induction of early memory B-cell-like phenotype in immune organoids and highlight the potential of synthetic organoids as a platform for the future development of antigen-specific bona fide memory B cells for the study of the immune system and generation of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Graney
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Zhong
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Post
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ilana Brito
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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82
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Glutathione-dependent redox balance characterizes the distinct metabolic properties of follicular and marginal zone B cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1789. [PMID: 35379825 PMCID: PMC8980022 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic principles underlying the differences between follicular and marginal zone B cells (FoB and MZB, respectively) are not well understood. Here we show, by studying mice with B cell-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), that glutathione synthesis affects homeostasis and differentiation of MZB to a larger extent than FoB, while glutathione-dependent redox control contributes to the metabolic dependencies of FoB. Specifically, Gclc ablation in FoB induces metabolic features of wild-type MZB such as increased ATP levels, glucose metabolism, mTOR activation, and protein synthesis. Furthermore, Gclc-deficient FoB have a block in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) due to diminished complex I and II activity and thereby accumulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite succinate. Finally, Gclc deficiency hampers FoB activation and antibody responses in vitro and in vivo, and induces susceptibility to viral infections. Our results thus suggest that Gclc is required to ensure the development of MZB, the mitochondrial ETC integrity in FoB, and the efficacy of antiviral humoral immunity. Follicular and marginal zone B (FoB and MZB, respectively) cells have divergent metabolic characteristics. Here the authors show that deficiency of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), the enzyme for glutathione synthesis, differentially impacts FoB and MZB homeostasis, while specifically impeding FoB activation and downstream antiviral immunity.
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83
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Tang H, Li Y, Wang S, Ji J, Zhu X, Bao Y, Huang C, Luo Y, Huang L, Gao Y, Wei C, Liu J, Fang X, Sun L, Ouyang K. IPR-mediated Ca signaling controls B cell proliferation through metabolic reprogramming. iScience 2022; 25:104209. [PMID: 35494252 PMCID: PMC9046235 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huayuan Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yutong Bao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Can Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ye Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen Shekou People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaoliang Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author
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84
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Enterina JR, Sarkar S, Streith L, Jung J, Arlian BM, Meyer SJ, Takematsu H, Xiao C, Baldwin TA, Nitschke L, Shlomchick MJ, Paulson JC, Macauley MS. Coordinated changes in glycosylation regulate the germinal center through CD22. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110512. [PMID: 35294874 PMCID: PMC9018098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are essential for antibody affinity maturation. GC B cells have a unique repertoire of cell surface glycans compared with naive B cells, yet functional roles for changes in glycosylation in the GC have yet to be ascribed. Detection of GCs by the antibody GL7 reflects a downregulation in ligands for CD22, an inhibitory co-receptor of the B cell receptor. To test a functional role for downregulation of CD22 ligands in the GC, we generate a mouse model that maintains CD22 ligands on GC B cells. With this model, we demonstrate that glycan remodeling plays a critical role in the maintenance of B cells in the GC. Sustained expression of CD22 ligands induces higher levels of apoptosis in GC B cells, reduces memory B cell and plasma cell output, and delays affinity maturation of antibodies. These defects are CD22 dependent, demonstrating that downregulation of CD22 ligands on B cells plays a critical function in the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon R Enterina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Susmita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Laura Streith
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Britni M Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sarah J Meyer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Troy A Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark J Shlomchick
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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85
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Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) contributes to Burkitt lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). EBV-transforming programs activate lipid metabolism to convert B cells into immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), a PTLD model. We found that stages of EBV transformation generate lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) byproducts to varying degrees, and that a Burkitt-like phase of B cell outgrowth requires lipid ROS detoxification by glutathione peroxidase 4 and its cofactor glutathione. Perturbation of this redox defense in early stages of transformation or in Burkitt cells triggered ferroptosis, a programmed cell death pathway. LCLs were less dependent on this defense, a distinction tied to EBV latency programs. This highlights ferroptosis induction as a potential therapeutic approach for prevention or treatment of certain EBV+ lymphomas. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) causes 200,000 cancers annually. Upon B cell infection, EBV induces lipid metabolism to support B cell proliferation. Yet, little is known about how latent EBV infection, or human B cell stimulation more generally, alter sensitivity to ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic form of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. To gain insights, we analyzed lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and ferroptosis vulnerability in primary human CD19+ B cells infected by EBV or stimulated by key B cell receptors. Prior to the first mitosis, EBV-infected cells were exquisitely sensitive to blockade of glutathione biosynthesis, a phenomenon not observed with B cell receptor stimulation. Subsequently, EBV-mediated Burkitt-like hyperproliferation generated elevated levels of lipid ROS, which necessitated SLC7A11-mediated cystine import and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity to prevent ferroptosis. By comparison, B cells were sensitized to ferroptosis induction by combinatorial CD40-ligand and interleukin-4 stimulation or anti–B cell receptor and Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation upon GPX4 inhibition but not with SLC7A11 blockade. EBV transforming B cells became progressively resistant to ferroptosis induction upon switching to the latency III program and lymphoblastoid physiology. Similarly, latency I Burkitt cells were particularly vulnerable to blockade of SLC7A11 or GPX4 or cystine withdrawal, while latency III Burkitt and lymphoblastoid cells were comparatively resistant. The selenocysteine biosynthesis kinase PSTK was newly implicated as a cellular target for ferroptosis induction including in Burkitt cells, likely due to roles in GPX4 biosynthesis. These results highlight ferroptosis as an intriguing therapeutic target for the prevention or treatment of particular EBV-driven B cell malignancies.
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86
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Kodali S, Li M, Budai MM, Chen M, Wang J. Protection of Quiescence and Longevity of IgG Memory B Cells by Mitochondrial Autophagy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1085-1098. [PMID: 35101890 PMCID: PMC8887795 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of long-lived immune memory cells against pathogens is critical for the success of vaccines to establish protection against future infections. However, the mechanisms governing the long-term survival of immune memory cells remain to be elucidated. In this article, we show that the maintenance mitochondrial homeostasis by autophagy is critical for restricting metabolic functions to protect IgG memory B cell survival. Knockout of mitochondrial autophagy genes, Nix and Bnip3, leads to mitochondrial accumulation and increases in oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid synthesis, resulting in the loss of IgG+ memory B cells in mice. Inhibiting fatty acid synthesis or silencing necroptosis gene Ripk3 rescued Nix-/-Bnip3-/- IgG memory B cells, indicating that mitochondrial autophagy is important for limiting metabolic functions to prevent cell death. Our results suggest a critical role for mitochondrial autophagy in the maintenance of immunological memory by protecting the metabolic quiescence and longevity of memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Kodali
- * Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Li
- * Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marietta M. Budai
- * Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Chen
- † Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX; .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY
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87
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Boothby MR, Brookens SK, Raybuck AL, Cho SH. Supplying the trip to antibody production-nutrients, signaling, and the programming of cellular metabolism in the mature B lineage. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:352-369. [PMID: 34782762 PMCID: PMC8591438 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID pandemic has refreshed and expanded recognition of the vital role that sustained antibody (Ab) secretion plays in our immune defenses against microbes and of the importance of vaccines that elicit Ab protection against infection. With this backdrop, it is especially timely to review aspects of the molecular programming that govern how the cells that secrete Abs arise, persist, and meet the challenge of secreting vast amounts of these glycoproteins. Whereas plasmablasts and plasma cells (PCs) are the primary sources of secreted Abs, the process leading to the existence of these cell types starts with naive B lymphocytes that proliferate and differentiate toward several potential fates. At each step, cells reside in specific microenvironments in which they not only receive signals from cytokines and other cell surface receptors but also draw on the interstitium for nutrients. Nutrients in turn influence flux through intermediary metabolism and sensor enzymes that regulate gene transcription, translation, and metabolism. This review will focus on nutrient supply and how sensor mechanisms influence distinct cellular stages that lead to PCs and their adaptations as factories dedicated to Ab secretion. Salient findings of this group and others, sometimes exhibiting differences, will be summarized with regard to the journey to a distinctive metabolic program in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Shawna K Brookens
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ariel L Raybuck
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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88
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Park JS, Yang S, Hwang SH, Choi J, Kwok SK, Kong YY, Youn J, Cho ML, Park SH. B cell-specific deletion of Crif1 drives lupus-like autoimmunity by activation of IL-17, IL-6, and pathogenic Tfh cells. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1211-1222. [PMID: 35166061 DOI: 10.1002/art.42091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CR6-interacting factor 1 (Crif1) is a nuclear transcriptional regulator and a mitochondrial inner membrane protein; however, its functions in B lymphocytes have been poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of Crif1 on B-cell metabolic regulation, cell function, and autoimmune diseases. METHODS Using mice with B cell-specific deletion of Crif1 (Crif1ΔCD19 ), we assessed the relevance of Crif1 function for lupus disease parameters including anti-double-stranded DNA, cytokines, and kidney pathology. RNA sequencing was performed on B cells from Crif1ΔCD19 mice. The phenotypic and metabolic changes in immune cells were evaluated in Crif1ΔCD19 mice. Roquinsan/+ mice crossed with Crif1ΔCD19 mice were monitored to assess the functionality of Crif1-deficient B cells in lupus development. RESULTS Crif1ΔCD19 mice showed an autoimmune lupus-like phenotype, including high levels of autoantibodies to double-stranded DNA and severe lupus nephritis with increased mesangial hypercellularity. While loss of Crif1 in B cells showed impaired mitochondrial oxidative function, Crif1-deficient B cells promoted the production of IL-17 and IL-6 and was more potent in helping T cells develop into T follicular helper cells. In an autoimmune lupus mouse model, depletion of Crif1 in B cells exacerbated lupus severity and Crif1 overexpression prevented lupus development in Roquinsan/san mice. CONCLUSION These results showed that Crif1 was negatively correlated with disease severity, and overexpression of Crif1 ameliorated disease development. Our findings suggest that Crif1 is essential for preventing lupus development by maintaining B cell self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sil Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungCheon Yang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yun Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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89
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Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling pathway that is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. SOCE is triggered physiologically when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores are emptied through activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. SOCE is mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, which are highly Ca2+ selective. Upon store depletion, the ER Ca2+-sensing STIM proteins aggregate and gain extended conformations spanning the ER-plasma membrane junctional space to bind and activate Orai, the pore-forming proteins of hexameric CRAC channels. In recent years, studies on STIM and Orai tissue-specific knockout mice and gain- and loss-of-function mutations in humans have shed light on the physiological functions of SOCE in various tissues. Here, we describe recent findings on the composition of native CRAC channels and their physiological functions in immune, muscle, secretory, and neuronal systems to draw lessons from transgenic mice and human diseases caused by altered CRAC channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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90
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Shiraz AK, Panther EJ, Reilly CM. Altered Germinal-Center Metabolism in B Cells in Autoimmunity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010040. [PMID: 35050162 PMCID: PMC8780703 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes play an important role in the pathophysiology of many autoimmune disorders by producing autoantibodies, secreting cytokines, and presenting antigens. B cells undergo extreme physiological changes as they develop and differentiate. Aberrant function in tolerogenic checkpoints and the metabolic state of B cells might be the contributing factors to the dysfunctionality of autoimmune B cells. Understanding B-cell metabolism in autoimmunity is important as it can give rise to new treatments. Recent investigations have revealed that alterations in metabolism occur in the activation of B cells. Several reports have suggested that germinal center (GC) B cells of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have altered metabolic function. GCs are unique microenvironments in which the delicate and complex process of B-cell affinity maturation occurs through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switching recombination (CSR) and where Bcl6 tightly regulates B-cell differentiation into memory B-cells or plasma cells. GC B cells rely heavily on glucose, fatty acids, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for their energy requirements. However, the complicated association between GC B cells and their metabolism is still not clearly understood. Here, we review several studies of B-cell metabolism, highlighting the significant transformations that occur in GC progression, and suggest possible approaches that may be investigated to more precisely target aberrant B-cell metabolism in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton K. Shiraz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.K.S.); (C.M.R.); Tel.: +1-540-231-9365 (C.M.R.)
| | - Eric J. Panther
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Christopher M. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Correspondence: (A.K.S.); (C.M.R.); Tel.: +1-540-231-9365 (C.M.R.)
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91
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Patel M, Manzella-Lapeira J, Akkaya M. Analysis of Mitochondrial Performance in Lymphocytes Using Fluorescent Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:269-280. [PMID: 35771448 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During lymphocyte maturation and differentiation, cells undergo a series of proliferative stages interrupted with stages of low activity. The rapid proliferation stages are marked by changes in metabolic outputs-adapting to energy demands by either hindering or utilizing metabolic pathways. As such, it is necessary to view these changes in real time; however, current strategies for metabolomics are time consuming and very rarely provide a holistic profile of the cellular metabolism while also characterizing mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we devised a fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) strategy to image mitochondrial metabolic profiles in lymphocytes as they go through changes in metabolic activity. Our method provides not only a comprehensive view of cellular metabolism but also narrow in mitochondrial contributions while also efficiently excluding non-viable cells with and without the use of a viability dye. Our novel imaging strategy offers a reliable tool to study changes in mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Patel
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Javier Manzella-Lapeira
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Munir Akkaya
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH Rockville, MD, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal medicine, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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92
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Roth GA, Picece VCTM, Ou BS, Luo W, Pulendran B, Appel EA. Designing spatial and temporal control of vaccine responses. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:174-195. [PMID: 34603749 PMCID: PMC8477997 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the key technology to combat existing and emerging infectious diseases. However, increasing the potency, quality and durability of the vaccine response remains a challenge. As our knowledge of the immune system deepens, it becomes clear that vaccine components must be in the right place at the right time to orchestrate a potent and durable response. Material platforms, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels and microneedles, can be engineered to spatially and temporally control the interactions of vaccine components with immune cells. Materials-based vaccination strategies can augment the immune response by improving innate immune cell activation, creating local inflammatory niches, targeting lymph node delivery and controlling the time frame of vaccine delivery, with the goal of inducing enhanced memory immunity to protect against future infections. In this Review, we highlight the biological mechanisms underlying strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and explore materials design strategies to manipulate and control these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie A. Roth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Vittoria C. T. M. Picece
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ben S. Ou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Paediatrics — Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
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93
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Santamaria K, Desmots F, Leonard S, Caron G, Haas M, Delaloy C, Chatonnet F, Rossille D, Pignarre A, Monvoisin C, Seffals M, Lamaison C, Cogné M, Tarte K, Fest T. Committed Human CD23-Negative Light-Zone Germinal Center B Cells Delineate Transcriptional Program Supporting Plasma Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744573. [PMID: 34925321 PMCID: PMC8674954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell affinity maturation occurs in the germinal center (GC). Light-zone (LZ) GC B cells (BGC-cells) interact with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and compete for the limited, sequential help from T follicular helper cells needed to escape from apoptosis and complete their differentiation. The highest-affinity LZ BGC-cells enter the cell cycle and differentiate into PCs, following a dramatic epigenetic reorganization that induces transcriptome changes in general and the expression of the PRDM1 gene in particular. Human PC precursors are characterized by the loss of IL-4/STAT6 signaling and the absence of CD23 expression. Here, we studied the fate of human LZ BGC-cells as a function of their CD23 expression. We first showed that CD23 expression was restricted to the GC LZ, where it was primarily expressed by FDCs; less than 10% of tonsil LZ BGC-cells were positive. Sorted LZ BGC-cells left in culture and stimulated upregulated CD23 expression but were unable to differentiate into PCs – in contrast to cells that did not upregulate CD23 expression. An in-depth analysis (including single-cell gene expression) showed that stimulated CD23-negative LZ BGC-cells differentiated into plasmablasts and time course of gene expression changes delineates the transcriptional program that sustains PC differentiation. In particular, we identified a B cell proliferation signature supported by a transient MYC gene expression. Overall, the CD23 marker might be of value in answering questions about the differentiation of normal BGC-cells and allowed us to propose an instructive LZ BGC-cells maturation and fate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Santamaria
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Desmots
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Simon Leonard
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Gersende Caron
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Haas
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Delaloy
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Chatonnet
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Rossille
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Amandine Pignarre
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Marine Seffals
- University of Rennes 1, UMS Biosit, H2P2 Platform, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Lamaison
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Cogné
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
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94
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Newman R, Tolar P. Chronic calcium signaling in IgE + B cells limits plasma cell differentiation and survival. Immunity 2021; 54:2756-2771.e10. [PMID: 34879220 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to other antibody isotypes, B cells switched to IgE respond transiently and do not give rise to long-lived plasma cells (PCs) or memory B cells. To better understand IgE-BCR-mediated control of IgE responses, we developed whole-genome CRISPR screening that enabled comparison of IgE+ and IgG1+ B cell requirements for proliferation, survival, and differentiation into PCs. IgE+ PCs exhibited dependency on the PI3K-mTOR axis that increased protein amounts of the transcription factor IRF4. In contrast, loss of components of the calcium-calcineurin-NFAT pathway promoted IgE+ PC differentiation. Mice bearing a B cell-specific deletion of calcineurin B1 exhibited increased production of IgE+ PCs. Mechanistically, sustained elevation of intracellular calcium in IgE+ PCs downstream of the IgE-BCR promoted BCL2L11-dependent apoptosis. Thus, chronic calcium signaling downstream of the IgE-BCR controls the self-limiting character of IgE responses and may be relevant to the accumulation of IgE-producing cells in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Newman
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Pavel Tolar
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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95
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Zheng ZY, Yang PL, Li RY, Liu LX, Xu XE, Liao LD, Li X, Chu MY, Peng L, Huang QF, Heng JH, Wang SH, Wu ZY, Chang ZJ, Li EM, Xu LY. STAT3β disrupted mitochondrial electron transport chain enhances chemosensitivity by inducing pyroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:171-183. [PMID: 34571081 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of cisplatin in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is undesirable. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3β (STAT3β), a splice variant of STAT3, restrains STAT3α activity and enhances chemosensitivity in ESCC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we found that high expression of STAT3β contributes to cisplatin sensitivity and enhances Gasdermin E (GSDME) dependent pyroptosis in ESCC cells after exposure to cisplatin. Mechanistically, STAT3β was located into the mitochondria and its high expression disrupts the activity of the electron transport chain, resulting in an increase of ROS in cisplatin treatment cells. While high levels of ROS caused activation of caspase-3 and GSDME, and induced cell pyroptosis. STAT3β blocked the phosphorylation of STAT3α S727 in mitochondria by interacting with ERK1/2 following cisplatin treatment, disrupting electron transport chain and inducing activation of GSDME. Clinically, high expression of both STAT3β and GSDME was strongly associated with better overall survival and disease-free survival of ESCC patients. Overall, our study reveals that STAT3β sensitizes ESCC cells to cisplatin by disrupting mitochondrial electron transport chain and enhancing pyroptosis, which demonstrates the prognostic significance of STAT3β in ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yuan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-Lian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Yao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Man-Yu Chu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Feng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Hua Heng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Hong Wang
- Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Chang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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96
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Liebmann M, Korn L, Janoschka C, Albrecht S, Lauks S, Herrmann AM, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Schwab N, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Eveslage M, Wildemann B, Luessi F, Schmidt S, Diebold M, Bittner S, Gross CC, Kovac S, Zipp F, Derfuss T, Kuhlmann T, König S, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Klotz L. Dimethyl fumarate treatment restrains the antioxidative capacity of T cells to control autoimmunity. Brain 2021; 144:3126-3141. [PMID: 34849598 PMCID: PMC8634070 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate, an approved treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, exerts pleiotropic effects on immune cells as well as CNS resident cells. Here, we show that dimethyl fumarate exerts a profound alteration of the metabolic profile of human CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells and restricts their antioxidative capacities by decreasing intracellular levels of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione. This causes an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels accompanied by an enhanced mitochondrial stress response, ultimately leading to impaired mitochondrial function. Enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels not only result in enhanced T-cell apoptosis in vitro as well as in dimethyl fumarate-treated patients, but are key for the well-known immunomodulatory effects of dimethyl fumarate both in vitro and in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, i.e. experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Indeed, dimethyl fumarate immune-modulatory effects on T cells were completely abrogated by pharmacological interference of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. These data shed new light on dimethyl fumarate as bona fide immune-metabolic drug that targets the intracellular stress response in activated T cells, thereby restricting mitochondrial function and energetic capacity, providing novel insight into the role of oxidative stress in modulating cellular immune responses and T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Liebmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Lisanne Korn
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Claudia Janoschka
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stefanie Albrecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Sarah Lauks
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander M Herrmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Maria Eveslage
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Felix Luessi
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | | | - Martin Diebold
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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97
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He C, Wang S, Zhou C, He M, Wang J, Ladds M, Lianoudaki D, Sedimbi SK, Lane DP, Westerberg LS, Li S, Karlsson MC. CD36 and LC3B initiated autophagy in B cells regulates the humoral immune response. Autophagy 2021; 17:3577-3591. [PMID: 33535890 PMCID: PMC8632284 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1885183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors are pattern recognition receptors that recognize both foreign and self-ligands, and initiate different mechanisms of cellular activation, often as co-receptors. The function of scavenger receptor CD36 in the immune system has mostly been studied in macrophages but it is also highly expressed by innate type B cells where its function is less explored. Here we report that CD36 is involved in macro-autophagy/autophagy in B cells, and in its absence, the humoral immune response is impaired. We found that CD36-deficient B cells exhibit a significantly reduced plasma cell formation, proliferation, mitochondrial mobilization and oxidative phosphorylation. These changes were accompanied by impaired initiation of autophagy, and we found that CD36 regulated autophagy and colocalized with autophagosome membrane protein MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3). When we investigated T-cell-dependent immune responses, we found that mice with CD36 deficiency, specifically in B cells, exhibited attenuated germinal center responses, class switching, and antibody production as well as autophagosome formation. These findings establish a critical role for CD36 in B cell responses and may also contribute to our understanding of CD36-mediated autophagy in other cells as well as in B cell lymphomas that have been shown to express the receptor.Abbreviations: AICDA/AID: activation-induced cytidine deaminase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BCR: B-cell receptor; CPG: unmethylated cytosine-guanosine; CQ: chloroquine; DC: dendritic cells; FOB: follicular B cells; GC: germinal center; Ig: immunoglobulin; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MZB: marginal zone B cells; NP-CGG: 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl-chicken gamma globulin; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; oxLDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PC: plasma cells; Rapa: rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SRBC: sheep red blood cells; Tfh: follicular helper T cells; TLR: toll-like receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chikai Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Marcus Ladds
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danai Lianoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saikiran K. Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuijie Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C.I. Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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98
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Chiodin G, Allen JD, Bryant DJ, Rock P, Martino EA, Valle-Argos B, Duriez PJ, Watanabe Y, Henderson I, Blachly JS, McCann KJ, Strefford JC, Packham G, Geijtenbeek TBH, Figdor CG, Wright GW, Staudt LM, Burack R, Bowden TA, Crispin M, Stevenson FK, Forconi F. Insertion of atypical glycans into the tumor antigen-binding site identifies DLBCLs with distinct origin and behavior. Blood 2021; 138:1570-1582. [PMID: 34424958 PMCID: PMC8554650 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region is a remarkable follicular lymphoma-associated feature rarely seen in normal B cells. Here, we define a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) that acquire N-glycosylation sites selectively in the Ig complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the antigen-binding sites. Mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography demonstrate how the inserted glycans are stalled at oligomannose-type structures because they are buried in the CDR loops. Acquisition of sites occurs in ∼50% of germinal-center B-cell-like DLBCL (GCB-DLBCL), mainly of the genetic EZB subtype, irrespective of IGHV-D-J use. This markedly contrasts with the activated B-cell-like DLBCL Ig, which rarely has sites in the CDR and does not seem to acquire oligomannose-type structures. Acquisition of CDR-located acceptor sites associates with mutations of epigenetic regulators and BCL2 translocations, indicating an origin shared with follicular lymphoma. Within the EZB subtype, these sites are associated with more rapid disease progression and with significant gene set enrichment of the B-cell receptor, PI3K/AKT/MTORC1 pathway, glucose metabolism, and MYC signaling pathways, particularly in the fraction devoid of MYC translocations. The oligomannose-type glycans on the lymphoma cells interact with the candidate lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), mediating low-level signals, and lectin-expressing cells form clusters with lymphoma cells. Both clustering and signaling are inhibited by antibodies specifically targeting the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain. Oligomannosylation of the tumor Ig is a posttranslational modification that readily identifies a distinct GCB-DLBCL category with more aggressive clinical behavior, and it could be a potential precise therapeutic target via antibody-mediated inhibition of the tumor Ig interaction with DC-SIGN-expressing M2-polarized macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Chiodin
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Dean J Bryant
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Philip Rock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Hematopathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Enrica A Martino
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Policlinico-Ospedale Vittorio Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Beatriz Valle-Argos
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Patrick J Duriez
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isla Henderson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
| | - James S Blachly
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Katy J McCann
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Graham Packham
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - George W Wright
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Richard Burack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Hematopathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Francesco Forconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research United Kingdom Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine
- Haematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
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99
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Iperi C, Bordron A, Dueymes M, Pers JO, Jamin C. Metabolic Program of Regulatory B Lymphocytes and Influence in the Control of Malignant and Autoimmune Situations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735463. [PMID: 34650560 PMCID: PMC8505885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways have been studied for a while in eukaryotic cells. During glycolysis, glucose enters into the cells through the Glut1 transporter to be phosphorylated and metabolized generating ATP molecules. Immune cells can use additional pathways to adapt their energetic needs. The pentose phosphate pathway, the glutaminolysis, the fatty acid oxidation and the oxidative phosphorylation generate additional metabolites to respond to the physiological requirements. Specifically, in B lymphocytes, these pathways are activated to meet energetic demands in relation to their maturation status and their functional orientation (tolerance, effector or regulatory activities). These metabolic programs are differentially involved depending on the receptors and the co-activation molecules stimulated. Their induction may also vary according to the influence of the microenvironment, i.e. the presence of T cells, cytokines … promoting the expression of particular transcription factors that direct the energetic program and modulate the number of ATP molecule produced. The current review provides recent advances showing the underestimated influence of the metabolic pathways in the control of the B cell physiology, with a particular focus on the regulatory B cells, but also in the oncogenic and autoimmune evolution of the B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Bordron
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
| | - Maryvonne Dueymes
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France.,Service d'Odontologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France.,Service d'Odontologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christophe Jamin
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
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100
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Rosa Neto JC, Calder PC, Curi R, Newsholme P, Sethi JK, Silveira LS. The Immunometabolic Roles of Various Fatty Acids in Macrophages and Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168460. [PMID: 34445165 PMCID: PMC8395092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and lymphocytes demonstrate metabolic plasticity, which is dependent partly on their state of activation and partly on the availability of various energy yielding and biosynthetic substrates (fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids). These substrates are essential to fuel-based metabolic reprogramming that supports optimal immune function, including the inflammatory response. In this review, we will focus on metabolism in macrophages and lymphocytes and discuss the role of fatty acids in governing the phenotype, activation, and functional status of these important cells. We summarize the current understanding of the pathways of fatty acid metabolism and related mechanisms of action and also explore possible new perspectives in this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Cesar Rosa Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- LIM-26, Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (P.C.C.); (J.K.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo 01506-000, Brazil;
| | - Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
| | - Jaswinder K. Sethi
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (P.C.C.); (J.K.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Loreana S. Silveira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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