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Yan J, Ouyang J, Isnard S, Zhou X, Harypursat V, Routy JP, Chen Y. Alcohol Use and Abuse Conspires With HIV Infection to Aggravate Intestinal Dysbiosis and Increase Microbial Translocation in People Living With HIV: A Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741658. [PMID: 34975838 PMCID: PMC8718428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is an essential so-called human "organ", vital for the induction of innate immunity, for metabolizing nutrients, and for maintenance of the structural integrity of the intestinal barrier. HIV infection adversely influences the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiome, resulting in structural and functional impairment of the intestinal barrier and an increased intestinal permeability. Pathogens and metabolites may thus cross the "leaky" intestinal barrier and enter the systemic circulation, which is a significant factor accounting for the persistent underlying chronic inflammatory state present in people living with HIV (PLWH). Additionally, alcohol use and abuse has been found to be prevalent in PLWH and has been strongly associated with the incidence and progression of HIV/AIDS. Recently, converging evidence has indicated that the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is related to intestinal microbiome and barrier function through numerous pathways. Alcohol acts as a "partner" with HIV in disrupting microbiome ecology, and thus impairing of the intestinal barrier. Optimizing the microbiome and restoring the integrity of the intestinal barrier is likely to be an effective adjunctive therapeutic strategy for PLWH. We herein critically review the interplay among HIV, alcohol, and the gut barrier, thus setting the scene with regards to development of effective strategies to counteract the dysregulated gut microbiome and the reduction of microbial translocation and inflammation in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xin Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Red Quinoa Bran Extract Prevented Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Increasing Antioxidative System and Repressing Fatty Acid Synthesis Factors in Mice Fed Alcohol Liquid Diet. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226973. [PMID: 34834064 PMCID: PMC8624810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is metabolized in liver. Chronic alcohol abuse results in alcohol-induced fatty liver and liver injury. Red quinoa (Chenopodium formosanum) was a traditional staple food for Taiwanese aborigines. Red quinoa bran (RQB) included strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory polyphenolic compounds, but it was usually regarded as the agricultural waste. Therefore, this study is to investigate the effect of water and ethanol extraction products of RQB on the prevention of liquid alcoholic diet-induced acute liver injury in mice. The mice were given whole grain powder of red quinoa (RQ-P), RQB ethanol extract (RQB-E), RQB water extract (RQB-W), and rutin orally for 6 weeks, respectively. The results indicated that RQB-E, RQB-W, and rutin decreased alcoholic diet-induced activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and hepatic triglyceride. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver tissues showed that RQB-E and RQB-W reduced lipid droplet accumulation and liver injury. However, ethanol extraction process can gain high rutin and antioxidative agents contents from red quinoa, that showed strong effects in preventing alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver injury via increasing superoxide dismutase/catalase antioxidative system and repressing the expressions of fatty acid synthesis enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
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Alleyne J, Dopico AM. Alcohol Use Disorders and Their Harmful Effects on the Contractility of Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscles. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2021; 1:10011. [PMID: 35169771 PMCID: PMC8843239 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2021.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse has deleterious effects on personal health, family, societal units, and global economies. Moreover, alcohol misuse usually leads to several diseases and conditions, including alcoholism, which is a chronic condition and a form of addiction. Alcohol misuse, whether as acute intoxication or alcoholism, adversely affects skeletal, cardiac and/or smooth muscle contraction. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is the main effector of alcohol-induced dysregulation of muscle contractility, regardless of alcoholic beverage type or the ethanol metabolite (with acetaldehyde being a notable exception). Ethanol, however, is a simple and "promiscuous" ligand that affects many targets to mediate a single biological effect. In this review, we firstly summarize the processes of excitation-contraction coupling and calcium homeostasis which are critical for the regulation of contractility in all muscle types. Secondly, we present the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the contractility of skeletal, cardiac, and vascular/ nonvascular smooth muscles. Distinctions are made between in vivo and in vitro experiments, intoxicating vs. sub-intoxicating ethanol levels, and human subjects vs. animal models. The differential effects of alcohol on biological sexes are also examined. Lastly, we show that alcohol-mediated disruption of muscle contractility, involves a wide variety of molecular players, including contractile proteins, their regulatory factors, membrane ion channels and pumps, and several signaling molecules. Clear identification of these molecular players constitutes a first step for a rationale design of pharmacotherapeutics to prevent, ameliorate and/or reverse the negative effects of alcohol on muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex M. Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Pan XY, Wang L, You HM, Cheng M, Yang Y, Huang C, Li J. Alternative activation of macrophages by prostacyclin synthase ameliorates alcohol induced liver injury. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1210-1224. [PMID: 34112940 PMCID: PMC8367821 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Macrophages exhibit different functional states and are classified as classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. However, the mechanisms that govern M1/M2 polarization in chronic ALD remain to be elucidated. Prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase (PTGIS) is an enzyme of the prostaglandin pathway which catalyzes the conversion of Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to PGI2. PTGIS has anti-inflammatory properties. However, the function of PTGIS in ALD has not yet been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that PTGIS was downregulated in ALD and forced PTGIS expression in vivo using recombinant adeno-associated viral vector-packed PTGIS overexpression plasmid, which alleviated the inflammatory response and suppressed the macrophage M1 phenotype in mice. Loss- and gain-of function-experiments demonstrated that forced PTGIS expression inhibited the macrophage switch to the M1 phenotype and promoted M2 polarization. Furthermore, we identified the genes regulated by PTGIS through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that PTGIS regulates many genes involved in the immune response and is enriched in the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signal transduction pathway, which plays an important role in regulating macrophage polarization. The proteins interacting with JAKs were predicted using the STRING database. The overlap between the RNA-seq and the STRING database was interleukin-6; this indicated that it was involved in macrophage polarization regulated by JAK/STAT signaling. We further explored the microRNAs that could regulate the expression of PTGIS through TargetScan. The results of luciferase assay illustrated that the expression of PTGIS was regulated by miR-140-3p.1. These results imply that PTGIS plays a pivotal role in ALD, partly by influencing macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yin Pan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Mei You
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Kim DH, Sim Y, Hwang JH, Kwun IS, Lim JH, Kim J, Kim JI, Baek MC, Akbar M, Seo W, Kim DK, Song BJ, Cho YE. Ellagic Acid Prevents Binge Alcohol-Induced Leaky Gut and Liver Injury through Inhibiting Gut Dysbiosis and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091386. [PMID: 34573017 PMCID: PMC8465052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major liver disease worldwide and can range from simple steatosis or inflammation to fibrosis/cirrhosis, possibly through leaky gut and systemic endotoxemia. Many patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) die within 60 days after clinical diagnosis due to the lack of an approved drug, and thus, synthetic and/or dietary agents to prevent ASH and premature deaths are urgently needed. We recently reported that a pharmacologically high dose of pomegranate extract prevented binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness and hepatic inflammation by suppressing oxidative and nitrative stress. Herein, we investigate whether a dietary antioxidant ellagic acid (EA) contained in many fruits, including pomegranate and vegetables, can protect against binge alcohol-induced leaky gut, endotoxemia, and liver inflammation. Pretreatment with a physiologically-relevant dose of EA for 14 days significantly reduced the binge alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction, endotoxemia, and inflammatory liver injury in mice by inhibiting gut dysbiosis and the elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis marker proteins. Pretreatment with EA significantly prevented the decreased amounts of gut tight junction/adherent junction proteins and the elevated gut leakiness in alcohol-exposed mice. Taken together, our results suggest that EA could be used as a dietary supplement for alcoholic hepatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-ha Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Yejin Sim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Jin-hyeon Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Jee-In Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (Y.-E.C.)
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea; (D.-h.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-h.H.); (I.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.-J.S.); (Y.-E.C.)
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Carrasco D, Carrasco C, Souza-Mello V, Sandoval C. Effectiveness of antioxidant treatments on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity after alcohol exposure in humans and in vitro models: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1961801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danitza Carrasco
- Carrera De Tecnología Médica, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Camila Carrasco
- Carrera De Tecnología Médica, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratorio De Morfometría, Metabolismo Y Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro Biomédico, Instituto De Biología, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Carreras, Osorno, Chile
- Departamento De Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Middleton P, Vergis N. Mitochondrial dysfunction and liver disease: role, relevance, and potential for therapeutic modulation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211031394. [PMID: 34377148 PMCID: PMC8320552 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211031394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles involved in energy production as well as numerous metabolic processes. There is a growing interest in the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of common chronic diseases as well as in cancer development. This review will examine the role mitochondria play in the pathophysiology of common liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mitochondrial dysfunction is described widely in the literature in studies examining patient tissue and in disease models. Despite significant differences in pathophysiology between chronic liver diseases, common mitochondrial defects are described, including increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. We review the current literature on mitochondrial-targeted therapies, which have the potential to open new therapeutic avenues in the management of patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil Vergis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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58
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Programmed suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function by gestational alcohol exposure correlate with widespread increases in H3K9me2 that do not suppress transcription. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:27. [PMID: 34130715 PMCID: PMC8207718 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A critical question emerging in the field of developmental toxicology is whether alterations in chromatin structure induced by toxicant exposure control patterns of gene expression or, instead, are structural changes that are part of a nuclear stress response. Previously, we used a mouse model to conduct a three-way comparison between control offspring, alcohol-exposed but phenotypically normal animals, and alcohol-exposed offspring exhibiting craniofacial and central nervous system structural defects. In the cerebral cortex of animals exhibiting alcohol-induced dysgenesis, we identified a dramatic increase in the enrichment of dimethylated histone H3, lysine 9 (H3K9me2) within the regulatory regions of key developmental factors driving histogenesis in the brain. However, whether this change in chromatin structure is causally involved in the development of structural defects remains unknown. Results Deep-sequencing analysis of the cortex transcriptome reveals that the emergence of alcohol-induced structural defects correlates with disruptions in the genetic pathways controlling oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function. The majority of the affected pathways are downstream targets of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), indicating that this stress-responsive complex plays a role in propagating the epigenetic memory of alcohol exposure through gestation. Importantly, transcriptional disruptions of the pathways regulating oxidative homeostasis correlate with the emergence of increased H3K9me2 across genic, repetitive, and non-transcribed regions of the genome. However, although associated with gene silencing, none of the candidate genes displaying increased H3K9me2 become transcriptionally repressed, nor do they exhibit increased markers of canonical heterochromatin. Similar to studies in C. elegans, disruptions in oxidative homeostasis induce the chromatin looping factor SATB2, but in mammals, this protein does not appear to drive increased H3K9me2 or altered patterns of gene expression. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that changes in H3K9me2 associate with alcohol-induced congenital defects, but that this epigenetic change does not correlate with transcriptional suppression. We speculate that the mobilization of SATB2 and increased enrichment of H3K9me2 may be components of a nuclear stress response that preserve chromatin integrity and interactions under prolonged oxidative stress. Further, we postulate that while this response may stabilize chromatin structure, it compromises the nuclear plasticity required for normal differentiation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-021-00403-w.
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Arumugam MK, Paal MC, Donohue TM, Ganesan M, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060456. [PMID: 34067313 PMCID: PMC8224793 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs and many food ingredients possess favorable biological properties that contribute to their therapeutic activities. One such natural product is betaine, a stable, nontoxic natural substance that is present in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Betaine is also endogenously synthesized through the metabolism of choline or exogenously consumed through dietary intake. Betaine mainly functions as (i) an osmolyte and (ii) a methyl-group donor. This review describes the major physiological effects of betaine in whole-body health and its ability to protect against both liver- as well as non-liver-related diseases and conditions. Betaine's role in preventing/attenuating both alcohol-induced and metabolic-associated liver diseases has been well studied and is extensively reviewed here. Several studies show that betaine protects against the development of alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, and accumulation of damaged proteins. Additionally, it can significantly prevent/attenuate progressive liver injury by preserving gut integrity and adipose function. The protective effects are primarily associated with the regulation of methionine metabolism through removing homocysteine and maintaining cellular SAM:SAH ratios. Similarly, betaine prevents metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and its progression. In addition, betaine has a neuroprotective role, preserves myocardial function, and prevents pancreatic steatosis. Betaine also attenuates oxidant stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and cancer development. To conclude, betaine exerts significant therapeutic and biological effects that are potentially beneficial for alleviating a diverse number of human diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew C. Paal
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-995-3752; Fax: +1-402-995-4600
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Kar N, Gupta D, Bellare J. Ethanol affects fibroblast behavior differentially at low and high doses: A comprehensive, dose-response evaluation. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1054-1066. [PMID: 34307054 PMCID: PMC8296147 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol exhibits hormetic response in terms of cellular activity. 1 % (v/v) ethanol concentration demarcates non-toxic and toxic range. Different types of mitochondrial impairment identified at high dose. Cellular toxicity is accompanied by an increase in cellular stiffness. Dose-dependent cellular stress response to toxicity is observed.
This study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of effects of low and high doses of ethanol on cellular biochemistry and morphology. Here, fibroblast cells are exposed to ethanol of varied concentrations [0.005−10 % (v/v)] to investigate cellular activity, cytoskeletal organization, cellular stiffness, mitochondrial structure, and real-time behavior. Our results indicate a sharp difference in cellular behavior above and below 1 % ethanol concentration. A two-fold increase in MTT activity at low doses is observed, whereas at high doses it decreases. This increased activity at low doses does not involve cell proliferation changes or mitochondrial impairment, as seen at higher doses. Moreover, the study identifies different types of mitochondrial structure impairment at high doses. Morphologically, cells demonstrate a gradual change in cytoskeletal organization and an increase in cell stiffness with increase in doses. Cells exhibit adaptation to sub-toxic doses of ethanol, wherein recovery from ethanol-induced stress is a dose-dependent phenomenon. Cell survival at low doses and toxicity at higher doses are attributed to mild and strong oxidative stress, respectively. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of dose-dependent effects of ethanol, manifesting its biphasic or hormetic response, biochemically, at low doses and illustrating its toxicological effects at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Kar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India.,Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
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Imran M, Shah FA, Nadeem H, Zeb A, Faheem M, Naz S, Bukhari A, Ali T, Li S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazole Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Agents in an Ethanol-Induced Rodent Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:489-505. [PMID: 33430586 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most devastating and progressive neurodegenerative disease in middle to elder aged people, which can be exacerbated by lifestyle factors. Recent longitudinal studies demonstrated that alcohol consumption exacerbates memory impairments in adults. However, the underlying mechanism of alcohol-induced memory impairment is still elusive. The increased cellular manifestation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of numerous proinflammatory markers play a critical role in the neurodegeneration and pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, reducing neurodegeneration by decreasing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may provide a potential therapeutic roadmap for the treatment of AD. In this study, eight new benzimidazole acetamide derivatives (FP1, FP2, FP5-FP10) were synthesized and characterized to investigate its neuroprotective effects in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in a rat model. Further, three derivatives (FP1, FP7, and FP8) were selected for in vivo molecular analysis based on preliminary in vitro antioxidant screening assay. Molecular docking analysis was performed to assess the affinity of synthesized benzimidazole acetamide derivatives against selected proinflammatory targets (TNF-α, IL-6). Biochemical analysis revealed elevated expression of neuroinflammatory markers (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6, NLRP3), increased cellular oxidative stress, and reduced antioxidant enzymes in ethanol-exposed rats brain. Notably, pretreatment with new benzimidazole acetamide derivatives (FP1, FP7, and FP8) significantly modulated the ethanol-induced memory deficits, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory markers (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6, NLRP3) in the cortex. The multipurpose nature of acetamide containing benzimidazole nucleus and its versatile affinity toward numerous receptors highlight its multistep targeting potential. These results indicated the neuroprotective potential of benzimidazole acetamide derivatives (FP1, FP7, and FP8) as novel therapeutic candidates in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration which may partially be due to inhibition of the neuroinflammatory-oxidative stress vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Naz
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Bukhari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Gaspers LD, Thomas AP, Hoek JB, Bartlett PJ. Ethanol Disrupts Hormone-Induced Calcium Signaling in Liver. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab002. [PMID: 33604575 PMCID: PMC7875097 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-coupled phospholipase C (PLC) is an important target for the actions of ethanol. In the ex vivo perfused rat liver, concentrations of ethanol >100 mM were required to induce a rise in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) suggesting that these responses may only occur after binge ethanol consumption. Conversely, pharmacologically achievable concentrations of ethanol (≤30 mM) decreased the frequency and magnitude of hormone-stimulated cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ oscillations and the parallel translocation of protein kinase C-β to the membrane. Ethanol also inhibited gap junction communication resulting in the loss of coordinated and spatially organized intercellular Ca2+ waves in hepatic lobules. Increasing the hormone concentration overcame the effects of ethanol on the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations and amplitude of the individual Ca2+ transients; however, the Ca2+ responses in the intact liver remained disorganized at the intercellular level, suggesting that gap junctions were still inhibited. Pretreating hepatocytes with an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor suppressed the effects of ethanol on hormone-induced Ca2+ increases, whereas inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase potentiated the inhibitory actions of ethanol, suggesting that acetaldehyde is the underlying mediator. Acute ethanol intoxication inhibited the rate of rise and the magnitude of hormone-stimulated production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), but had no effect on the size of Ca2+ spikes induced by photolysis of caged IP3. These findings suggest that ethanol inhibits PLC activity, but does not affect IP3 receptor function. We propose that by suppressing hormone-stimulated PLC activity, ethanol interferes with the dynamic modulation of [IP3] that is required to generate large, amplitude Ca2+ oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Gaspers
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA,Address correspondence to L.D.G. (e-mail: )
| | - Andrew P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Paula J Bartlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Avram VF, Chamkha I, Åsander-Frostner E, Ehinger JK, Timar RZ, Hansson MJ, Muntean DM, Elmér E. Cell-Permeable Succinate Rescues Mitochondrial Respiration in Cellular Models of Statin Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010424. [PMID: 33401621 PMCID: PMC7796258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy. Although generally well tolerated, statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) represent the main reason for treatment discontinuation. Mitochondrial dysfunction of complex I has been implicated in the pathophysiology of SAMS. The present study proposed to assess the concentration-dependent ex vivo effects of three statins on mitochondrial respiration in viable human platelets and to investigate whether a cell-permeable prodrug of succinate (complex II substrate) can compensate for statin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by high-resolution respirometry in human platelets, acutely exposed to statins in the presence/absence of the prodrug NV118. Statins concentration-dependently inhibited mitochondrial respiration in both intact and permeabilized cells. Further, statins caused an increase in non-ATP generating oxygen consumption (uncoupling), severely limiting the OXPHOS coupling efficiency, a measure of the ATP generating capacity. Cerivastatin (commercially withdrawn due to muscle toxicity) displayed a similar inhibitory capacity compared with the widely prescribed and tolerable atorvastatin, but did not elicit direct complex I inhibition. NV118 increased succinate-supported mitochondrial oxygen consumption in atorvastatin/cerivastatin-exposed platelets leading to normalization of coupled (ATP generating) respiration. The results acquired in isolated human platelets were validated in a limited set of experiments using atorvastatin in HepG2 cells, reinforcing the generalizability of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad F. Avram
- Department of Internal Medicine-Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (V.F.A.); (R.Z.T.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Spl. Tudor Vladimirescu No. 14, 300173 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Imen Chamkha
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (I.C.); (E.Å.-F.); (J.K.E.); (M.J.H.)
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eleonor Åsander-Frostner
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (I.C.); (E.Å.-F.); (J.K.E.); (M.J.H.)
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes K. Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (I.C.); (E.Å.-F.); (J.K.E.); (M.J.H.)
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Romulus Z. Timar
- Department of Internal Medicine-Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (V.F.A.); (R.Z.T.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Spl. Tudor Vladimirescu No. 14, 300173 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Magnus J. Hansson
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (I.C.); (E.Å.-F.); (J.K.E.); (M.J.H.)
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Danina M. Muntean
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Spl. Tudor Vladimirescu No. 14, 300173 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, 2Center for Translational Research and Systems Medi-cine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.M.); (E.E.)
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (I.C.); (E.Å.-F.); (J.K.E.); (M.J.H.)
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: (D.M.M.); (E.E.)
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Somkuwar SS, Villalpando EG, Quach LW, Head BP, McKenna BS, Scadeng M, Mandyam CD. Abstinence from ethanol dependence produces concomitant cortical gray matter abnormalities, microstructural deficits and cognitive dysfunction. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 42:22-34. [PMID: 33279357 PMCID: PMC7797163 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate that ethanol dependence induced by repeating cycles of chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure (CIE) followed by protracted abstinence (CIE-PA) produces significant alterations in oligodendrogenesis in the rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Specifically, CIE-PA produced an unprecedented increase in premyelinating oligodendroglial progenitor cells and myelin, which have been associated with persistent elevated drinking behaviors during abstinence. The current study used neuroimaging and electron microscopy to evaluate the integrity of enhanced myelin and microstructural deficits underlying enhanced myelination in the mPFC in male rats experiencing forced abstinence for 1 day (D), 7D, 21D and 42D following seven weeks of CIE. In vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) detected altered microstructural integrity in the mPFC and corpus callosum (CC). Altered integrity was characterized as reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the CC, and enhanced mean diffusivity (MD) in the mPFC in 7D abstinent rats. Increased MD occurred concomitantly with increases in myelin associated proteins, flayed myelin and enhanced mitochondrial stress in the mPFC in 7D abstinent rats, suggesting that the increases in myelination during abstinence was aberrant. Evaluation of cognitive performance via Pavlovian conditioning in 7D abstinent rats revealed reduced retrieval and recall of fear memories dependent on the mPFC. These findings indicate that forced abstinence from moderate to severe alcohol use disorder produces gray matter damage via myelin dysfunction in the mPFC and that these microstructural changes were associated with deficits in PFC dependent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leon W Quach
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Brian P Head
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Benjamin S McKenna
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Miriam Scadeng
- Departments of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Chitra D Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Zhang Y, Park J, Han SJ, Park I, Huu TN, Kim JS, Woo HA, Lee SR. The critical role of redox regulation of PTEN and peroxiredoxin III in alcoholic fatty liver. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:141-148. [PMID: 33249138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis and subsequent fatty liver disease are developed in response to alcohol consumption. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to play an important role in the alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). However, the molecular targets of ROS and the underlying cellular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigate roles of peroxiredoxin III and redox regulation of phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in the alcoholic fatty liver. Alcohol-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress was found to contribute to reversible oxidation of PTEN, which results in Akt and MAPK hyperactivation with elevated levels of the lipogenesis regulators SREBP1c and PPARγ. Moreover, mitochondrial peroxiredoxin III was found to have antagonistic effects on lipogenesis via the redox regulation of PTEN by removing ROS, upon alcohol exposure. This study demonstrated that redox regulation of PTEN and peroxiredoxin III play crucial roles in the development of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jeong Han
- COTDE Inc. 19-3, Ugakgol-gil, Susin-myeon, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-882, South Korea
| | - Iha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-190, South Korea
| | - Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-190, South Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 560-182, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-190, South Korea.
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Salehi E, Mashayekh M, Taheri F, Gholami M, Motaghinejad M, Safari S, Sepehr A. Curcumin Can be Acts as Effective agent for Prevent or Treatment of Alcohol-induced Toxicity in Hepatocytes: An Illustrated Mechanistic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:418-436. [PMID: 34400970 PMCID: PMC8170768 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112852.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that alcohol abuse can cause serious liver damage and cirrhosis. The main pathway for these types of hepatocellular cell neurodegeneration is mitochondrial dysfunction, which causes lipid peroxidation and dysfunction of the glutathione ring and the defect of antioxidant enzymes in alcoholic hepatic cells. Alcohol can also initiate malicious inflammatory pathways and trigger the initiation and activation of intestinal and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in hepatocellular tissues that lead to cirrhosis. Previous studies have shown that curcumin may inhibit lipid peroxidation, glutathione dysfunction and restore antioxidant enzymes. Curcumin also modulates inflammation and the production of alcohol-induced biomarkers. Curcumin has been shown to play a critical role in the survival of alcoholic hepatocellular tissue. It has been shown that curcumin can induce and trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and, by this mechanism, prevent the occurrence of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in liver cells that have been impaired by alcohol. According to this mechanism, curcumin may protect hepatocellular tissue from alcohol-induced cell degeneration and may therefore survive alcoholic hepatocellular tissue. . Based on these mechanisms, the protective functions of curcumin against alcohol-induced cell degeneration due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis events in hepatocellular tissue have been recorded. Hence, in this research, we have attempted to evaluate and analyze the main contribution mechanism of curcumin cell defense properties against alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage, according to previous experimental and clinical studies, and in this way we report findings from major studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Salehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mashayekh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Gholami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afrah Sepehr
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Martín-Estal I, Castilla-Cortázar I, Castorena-Torres F. The Placenta as a Target for Alcohol During Pregnancy: The Close Relation with IGFs Signaling Pathway. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 180:119-153. [PMID: 34159446 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most consumed drugs in the world, even during pregnancy. Its use is a risk factor for developing adverse outcomes, e.g. fetal death, miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and premature birth, also resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Ethanol metabolism induces an oxidative environment that promotes the oxidation of lipids and proteins, triggers DNA damage, and advocates mitochondrial dysfunction, all of them leading to apoptosis and cellular injury. Several organs are altered due to this harmful behavior, the brain being one of the most affected. Throughout pregnancy, the human placenta is one of the most important organs for women's health and fetal development, as it secretes numerous hormones necessary for a suitable intrauterine environment. However, our understanding of the human placenta is very limited and even more restricted is the knowledge of the impact of toxic substances in its development and fetal growth. So, could ethanol consumption during this period have wounding effects in the placenta, compromising proper fetal organ development? Several studies have demonstrated that alcohol impairs various signaling cascades within G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors, mainly through its action on insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. This last cascade is involved in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation and in placentation. This review tries to examine the current knowledge and gaps in our existing understanding of the ethanol effects in insulin/IGFs signaling pathway, which can explain the mechanism to elucidate the adverse actions of ethanol in the maternal-fetal interface of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín-Estal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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Je J, Kim H, Park EJ, Kim SR, Dusabimana T, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Cho KM, Park SW. Fermentation of Sprouted Ginseng ( Panax ginseng) Increases Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents to Attenuate Alcoholic Hangover and Acute Liver Injury in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 49:131-146. [PMID: 33371811 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver damage is caused by ethanol and its oxidized intermediates, and endotoxin-induced acute liver failure is mediated by apoptosis and inflammation. We investigated whether extracts of sprouts of Panax ginseng (SG) attenuate alcohol or endotoxin-induced acute liver injury in mice. Whole SG contains eight times more ginsenosides than the root and, because it grows quickly ([Formula: see text]30 days) without using pesticides, the whole-plant can be harvested. The extracts were enriched in phenolics and flavonoids and showed high radical scavenging activities. Mice received oral administration of SG or fermented SG (FSG) extracts 1 h before an injection of either ethanol or lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/GalN). The latency of righting reflex was monitored to examine the effect of extracts on relieving hangover symptoms. The results indicate that FSG significantly reduced the latency of righting reflex, SG and FSG increased the activity and expression of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, and FSG decreased hepatic necrosis and plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). During the ethanol metabolism, cytochrome P450 2E1 expression was increased, but 4-hydroxynonenal levels were decreased by the extracts due to their anti-oxidant activity. LPS/GalN-induced liver injury was reduced by SG and FSG; plasma ALT and AST levels, hepatic necrosis, and apoptotic and inflammatory markers were all decreased. In conclusion, SG extracts attenuated ethanol-induced hangover and endotoxin-induced acute liver injury, and fermentation enhanced the efficacy with regard to relieving hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Phil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Zhan ZY, Wu M, Shang Y, Jiang M, Liu J, Qiao CY, Ye H, Lin YC, Piao MH, Sun RH, Zhang ZH, Jiao JY, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. Taxifolin ameliorate high-fat-diet feeding plus acute ethanol binge-induced steatohepatitis through inhibiting inflammatory caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. Food Funct 2020; 12:362-372. [PMID: 33325949 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02653k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol drinking and a high-fat diet (HFD) promote steatohepatitis in the comorbidity of NAFLD and AFLD. Taxifolin (TAX) is a rich dihydroxyflavone compound found in onions, milk thistle and Douglas fir. We aimed to explore the intervention mechanism of TAX on chronic steatohepatitis induced by HFD feeding plus acute ethanol binge. We established an in vivo model by HFD feeding plus a single dose of ethanol binge, and established an in vitro model by oleic acid or palmitic acid on HepG2 cells to induce lipid accumulation. TAX regulated lipid synthesis by inhibiting the expression of SREBP1 and upregulating the PPARγ level. In addition, TAX inhibited the expression of P2X7R, IL-1β, and caspase-1. Moreover, TAX reduced the expression of caspase-1 activation; thereby inhibiting the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. TAX also improved the inflammatory response caused by caspase-1 activation in steatotic hepatocytes. TAX exhibited an inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation and caspase-1-related pyroptosis. Collectively, TAX has therapeutic potential as an intervention of steatohepatitis induced by alcohol combined with HFD and for preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver degeneration targeting caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Chun-Ying Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yong-Ce Lin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Mei-Hua Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Rong-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jing-Ya Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China and Clinical Research Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
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Liu J, He H, Wang J, Guo X, Lin H, Chen H, Jiang C, Chen L, Yao P, Tang Y. Oxidative stress-dependent frataxin inhibition mediated alcoholic hepatocytotoxicity through ferroptosis. Toxicology 2020; 445:152584. [PMID: 33017621 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the severe liver diseases, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. However, frataxin, a mitochondrial protein mainly participating in iron homeostasis and oxidative stress, remains uncertain in the pathogenesis of ALD. In the present study, the role of frataxin in ALD was investigated. Ethanol (100 mM) decreased frataxin expression at 48 and 72 h in HepG2. Dramatically, in HepG2 overexpressing cytochrome P450 2E1 (HepG2CYP2E1+/+), frataxin level was down-regulated with ethanol stimulation at 12 h. Moreover, chronically feeding ethanol to mice via Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet (30 % of total calories) for 15 weeks significantly inhibited frataxin expression. Ferroptosis signature proteins were dysregulated, accompanied by mitochondrial damage of morphology, enhanced malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione in the liver, as well as accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial labile iron pool in primary hepatocytes. Notably, proteomics screening of frataxin deficient-HepG2 further suggested frataxin was associated with ferroptosis. Furthermore, the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 blocked the increase of lactate dehydrogenase release by ethanol in HepG2CYP2E1+/+. Most importantly, frataxin deficiency enhanced ferroptosis driven by ethanol via evaluating the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, cell morphological changes, mitochondrial labile iron pool, and lipid peroxidation. Conversely, restoring frataxin alleviated the sensitivity to ferroptosis. In addition, frataxin overexpression mitigated the sensitivity of ethanol-induced ferroptosis in HepG2CYP2E1+/+. Collectively, our study revealed that frataxin-mediated ferroptosis contributed to ALD, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Preventive Medicine Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongkun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Yuan F, Xu Y, You K, Zhang J, Yang F, Li YX. Calcitriol alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity via AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108694. [PMID: 33232716 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption causes cellular damage, leading to fetal alcohol syndrome and alcohol liver diseases, which are frequently seen with vitamin D (VD) deficiency. A great deal of progress has been achieved in the mechanisms of ethanol-induced hepatocyte damage. However, there are limited intervention means to reduce or rescue hepatocytes damage caused by ethanol. On the basis of our preliminary limited screen process, calcitriol showed a positive effect on protecting hepatocyte viability. Therefore, the molecular basis is worth elucidating. We found that calcitriol pretreatment markedly improved the cell viability, decreased cell apoptosis and oxidative stress and alleviated the abnormal mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential of hepatocytes induced by ethanol. Notably, autophagy was significantly enhanced by calcitriol, as evident by the increasing number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, upregulated LC3B-Ⅱ and ATG5 levels, and promotion of p62 degradation. Furthermore, calcitriol pretreatment increased the colocalization of GFP-LC3-labeled autophagosomes with mitochondria, suggesting that calcitriol effectively promoted ethanol-induced mitophagy in hepatocytes. In addition, the inhibition of autophagy attenuated the protective and preventive effect of calcitriol. Furthermore, the effect of calcitriol on autophagy was regulated by AMPK/mTOR signaling, and signaling transduction was dependent on the Vitamin D receptor (VDR). In conclusion, calcitriol ameliorates ethanol-induced hepatocyte damage by enhancing autophagy. It may offer a convenient preventive and hepatoprotective mean for people on occasional social drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, China; Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai You
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaye Zhang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Xiong Li
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China.
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Sohel MMH, Salman MA, Ayvaz A. Cellular and Transcriptional Adaptation of Bovine Granulosa Cells Under Ethanol-Induced Stress In Vitro. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 56:383-392. [PMID: 33150387 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Granulosa cells (GCs) are the major cellular component in a follicular microenvironment and play an indispensable role in ovarian function. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ethanol exposure on the cellular and transcriptional changes of ovarian GCs. METHODS For this purpose, bovine GCs were exposed to different concentrations of ethanol (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000) to mimic the effects of alcohol in in vitro. Subsequently, 100 and 1000 mM concentrations were discarded from further experiments, as 100 mM was not different from 50 mM, and 1000 mM was supertoxic to the cells. RESULTS The results showed that there was a gradual loss of cell viability with the increase of the ethanol concentration, i.e. lowest viability was observed at the highest concentration (1000 mM), which is further supported by cell proliferation assay. Mitochondrial activity decreased significantly at higher concentrations. The expression of NRF2 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in ethanol-exposed cells compared with the cells in the control group at the 6-h time point, whereas the expression was increased in 500 mM concentration at the 24-h time point. The expression of antioxidant genes, downstream to Nrf2-pathway activation, showed that overall expression pattern similar to NRF2. CONCLUSION The result of this study prompted us to postulate that ethanol exposure decreases the ability of GCs to handle stress by downregulating the expression of genes involved in Nrf2-pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmodul Hasan Sohel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.,Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | | | - Abdurrahman Ayvaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
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Xiao J, Wu C, He Y, Guo M, Peng Z, Liu Y, Liu L, Dong L, Guo Z, Zhang R, Zhang M. Rice Bran Phenolic Extract Confers Protective Effects against Alcoholic Liver Disease in Mice by Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction via the PGC-1α-TFAM Pathway Mediated by microRNA-494-3p. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12284-12294. [PMID: 33094608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The initiation and development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is mediated, at least partly, by mitochondria dysfunction, which is regulated by PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) via mitochondria transcription factor A (TFAM). Then, PGC-1α expression was regulated by several microRNAs. This research investigated the hepatoprotective effects of the rice bran phenolic extract (RBPE) on mice fed with an ethanol-containing diet via the microRNAs-PGC-1α-TFAM signal pathway. RBPE treatment protected against alcoholic liver injury, as indicated by decreased serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic triglyceride accumulation, together with alleviated oxidative stress in serum and the liver. RBPE treatment alleviated ethanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through altering the membrane potential, mtDNA content, and respiratory chain complex enzyme activities in mitochondria, resulting in increased hepatic ATP production. Decreased cytoplasmic cytochrome c contents, caspase-3 activity, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were detected in the liver of RBPE-treated mice, indicating that the RBPE might inhibit ethanol-induced hepatocellular apoptosis. Furthermore, ethanol-induced decreases in the mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α and TFAM were remarkably alleviated in RBPE-treated mice. RBPE treatment to ethanol-fed mice could also downregulate the expression of microRNA-494-3p, which regulates PGC-1α expression directly. Therefore, the RBPE might exert protection against ALD by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting hepatocyte apoptosis via the PGC-1α-TFAM signal pathway mediated by microRNA-494-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical polysaccharide resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengjunhong Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical polysaccharide resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangeng He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical polysaccharide resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mengyun Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical polysaccharide resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ziting Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical polysaccharide resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical polysaccharide resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
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Zhang F, Wang K, Zhang S, Li J, Fan R, Chen X, Pei J. Accelerated FASTK mRNA degradation induced by oxidative stress is responsible for the destroyed myocardial mitochondrial gene expression and respiratory function in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101778. [PMID: 33197770 PMCID: PMC7677712 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism disrupts mitochondrial function and often results in alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (FASTK) is newly recognized as a key post-transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial gene expression. However, the modulatory role of FASTK in cardiovascular pathophysiology remains totally unknown. In experimental ACM models, cardiac FASTK expression markedly declined. Ethanol directly suppressed FASTK expression at post-transcriptional level through NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ethanol destabilized FASTK mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) and accelerated its decay, which was blocked by the clearance of ROS. Regnase-1 (Reg1), a ribonuclease regulating mRNA stability, was induced by ROS in ethanol-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Reg1 directly bound to FASTK mRNA 3'-UTR and promoted its degradation, whereas silencing of Reg1 reversed ethanol-induced FASTK downregulation. Compared to wild type control, alcohol-related myocardial morphological (hypertrophy, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis) and functional (reduced ejection fraction and compromised cardiomyocyte contraction) anomalies were worsened in FASTK deficient mice. Mechanistically, FASTK ablation repressed NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (MTND6, a mitochondrial gene encoding a subunit of complex I) mRNA production and reduced complex I-supported respiration. Importantly, cardiomyocyte-specific upregulation of FASTK through intra-cardiac AAV9-cTNT injection mitigated myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and restrained ACM progression. In vitro study showed that overexpression of FASTK ameliorated ethanol-induced MTND6 mRNA downregulation, complex I inactivation, and cardiomyocyte death, whereas these beneficial effects were counteracted by rotenone, a complex I inhibitor. Collectively, ROS-accelerated FASTK mRNA degradation via Reg1 underlies chronic ethanol ingestion-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy. Restoration of FASTK expression through genetic approaches might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Xiyao Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, China.
| | - Jianming Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China.
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Eom T, Ko G, Kim KC, Kim JS, Unno T. Dendropanax morbifera Leaf Extracts Improved Alcohol Liver Injury in Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100911. [PMID: 32987739 PMCID: PMC7598590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaf (DML) extracts in the liver due to excessive ethanol consumption. Our results showed that the ethanol extract had better antioxidant activity than the water extract, likely due to the higher levels of total flavonoid and phenolic compounds in the former. We found that the main phenolic acid was chlorogenic acid and the major flavonoid was rutin. Results from the animal model experiment showed concentration-dependent liver protection with the distilled water extract showing better liver protection than the ethanol extract. Gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by alcohol consumption was significantly shifted by DML extracts through increasing mainly Bacteroides and Allobaculum. Moreover, predicted metabolic activities of biosynthesis of beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleate and palmitoleate were enhanced. Our results suggest that these hepatoprotective effects are likely due to the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and partially promoted by intestinal microbiota shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekil Eom
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Gwangpyo Ko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Kyeoung Cheol Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.C.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.C.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3354; Fax: +82-64-756-3351
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Chandramouleeswaran PM, Guha M, Shimonosono M, Whelan KA, Maekawa H, Sachdeva UM, Ruthel G, Mukherjee S, Engel N, Gonzalez MV, Garifallou J, Ohashi S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Mesaros CA, Blair IA, Pellegrino da Silva R, Hakonarson H, Noguchi E, Baur JA, Nakagawa H. Autophagy mitigates ethanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in esophageal keratinocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239625. [PMID: 32966340 PMCID: PMC7510980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During alcohol consumption, the esophageal mucosa is directly exposed to high concentrations of ethanol (EtOH). We therefore investigated the response of normal human esophageal epithelial cell lines EPC1, EPC2 and EPC3 to acute EtOH exposure. While these cells were able to tolerate 2% EtOH for 8 h in both three-dimensional organoids and monolayer culture conditions, RNA sequencing suggested that EtOH induced mitochondrial dysfunction. With EtOH treatment, EPC1 and EPC2 cells also demonstrated decreased mitochondrial ATPB protein expression by immunofluorescence and swollen mitochondria lacking intact cristae by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was decreased in a subset of EPC1 and EPC2 cells stained with ΔΨm–sensitive dye MitoTracker Deep Red. In EPC2, EtOH decreased ATP level while impairing mitochondrial respiration and electron transportation chain functions, as determined by ATP fluorometric assay, respirometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, EPC2 cells demonstrated enhanced oxidative stress by flow cytometry for mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), which was antagonized by the mitochondria-specific antioxidant MitoCP. Concurrently, EPC1 and EPC2 cells underwent autophagy following EtOH exposure, as evidenced by flow cytometry for Cyto-ID, which detects autophagic vesicles, and immunoblots demonstrating induction of the lipidated and cleaved form of LC3B and downregulation of SQSTM1/p62. In EPC1 and EPC2, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy flux by chloroquine increased mitochondrial oxidative stress while decreasing cell viability. In EPC2, autophagy induction was coupled with phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor responding to low ATP levels, and dephosphorylation of downstream substrates of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex (mTORC)-1 signaling. Pharmacological AMPK activation by AICAR decreased EtOH-induced reduction of ΔΨm and ATP in EPC2. Taken together, acute EtOH exposure leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in esophageal keratinocytes, where the AMPK-mTORC1 axis may serve as a regulatory mechanism to activate autophagy to provide cytoprotection against EtOH-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna M. Chandramouleeswaran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Manti Guha
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Uma M. Sachdeva
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Noah Engel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Gonzalez
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Garifallou
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andres J. Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Clementina A. Mesaros
- Translational Biomarkers Core, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Translational Biomarkers Core, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Renata Pellegrino da Silva
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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77
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Lim JR, Lee HJ, Jung YH, Kim JS, Chae CW, Kim SY, Han HJ. Ethanol-activated CaMKII signaling induces neuronal apoptosis through Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and JNK1-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:123. [PMID: 32787872 PMCID: PMC7422600 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegeneration is a representative phenotype of patients with chronic alcoholism. Ethanol-induced calcium overload causes NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation and an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics, closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. However, how calcium regulates this process in neuronal cells is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the detailed mechanism of calcium-regulated mitochondrial dynamics and NLRP3 inflammasome formation in neuronal cells by ethanol. Methods In this study, we used the SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cell line. To confirm the expression level of the mRNA and protein, real time quantitative PCR and western blot were performed. Co-immunoprecipitation and Immunofluorescence staining were conducted to confirm the complex formation or interaction of the proteins. Flow cytometry was used to analyze intracellular calcium, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Results Ethanol increased cleaved caspase-3 levels and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation associated with neuronal apoptosis. In addition, ethanol increased protein kinase A (PKA) activation and cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, which increased N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) expression. Ethanol-increased NMDAR induced intracellular calcium overload and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation leading to phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1). Drp1 phosphorylation promoted Drp1 translocation to the mitochondria, resulting in excessive mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial ROS accumulation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which was recovered by Drp1 inhibitor pretreatment. Ethanol-induced JNK1 phosphorylation activated the NLRP3 inflammasome that induced caspase-1 dependent mitophagy inhibition, thereby exacerbating ROS accumulation and causing cell death. Suppressing caspase-1 induced mitophagy and reversed the ethanol-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that ethanol upregulated NMDAR-dependent CaMKII phosphorylation which is essential for Drp1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and the JNK1-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea.,Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yihl Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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78
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Lee JH, Shim YR, Seo W, Kim MH, Choi WM, Kim HH, Kim YE, Yang K, Ryu T, Jeong JM, Choi HG, Eun HS, Kim SH, Mun H, Yoon JH, Jeong WI. Mitochondrial Double-Stranded RNA in Exosome Promotes Interleukin-17 Production Through Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Alcohol-associated Liver Injury. Hepatology 2020; 72:609-625. [PMID: 31849082 PMCID: PMC7297661 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mitochondrial double-stranded RNA (mtdsRNA) and its innate immune responses have been reported previously; however, mtdsRNA generation and its effects on alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remain unclear. Here, we report that hepatic mtdsRNA stimulates toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in Kupffer cells through the exosome (Exo) to enhance interleukin (IL)-17A (IL-17A) production in ALD. APPROACH AND RESULTS Following binge ethanol (EtOH) drinking, IL-17A production primarily increased in γδ T cells of wild-type (WT) mice, whereas the production of IL-17A was mainly facilitated by CD4+ T cells in acute-on-chronic EtOH consumption. These were not observed in TLR3 knockout (KO) or Kupffer cell-depleted WT mice. The expression of polynucleotide phosphorylase, an mtdsRNA-restricting enzyme, was significantly decreased in EtOH-exposed livers and hepatocytes of WT mice. Immunostaining revealed that mtdsRNA colocalized with the mitochondria in EtOH-treated hepatocytes from WT mice and healthy humans. Bioanalyzer analysis revealed that small-sized RNAs were enriched in EtOH-treated Exos (EtOH-Exos) rather than EtOH-treated microvesicles in hepatocytes of WT mice and humans. Quantitative real-time PCR and RNA sequencing analyses indicated that mRNA expression of mitochondrial genes encoded by heavy and light strands was robustly increased in EtOH-Exos from mice and humans. After direct treatment with EtOH-Exos, IL-1β expression was significantly increased in WT Kupffer cells but not in TLR3 KO Kupffer cells, augmenting IL-17A production of γδ T cells in mice and humans. CONCLUSIONS EtOH-mediated generation of mtdsRNA contributes to TLR3 activation in Kupffer cells through exosomal delivery. Consequently, increased IL-1β expression in Kupffer cells triggers IL-17A production in γδ T cells at the early stage that may accelerate IL-17A expression in CD4+ T cells in the later stage of ALD. Therefore, mtdsRNA and TLR3 may function as therapeutic targets in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ri Shim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Myung-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Mook Choi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keungmo Yang
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tom Ryu
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei-Gwon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Mun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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79
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Oxidative stress in alcohol-related liver disease. World J Hepatol 2020. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i7.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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80
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Tan HK, Yates E, Lilly K, Dhanda AD. Oxidative stress in alcohol-related liver disease. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:332-349. [PMID: 32821333 PMCID: PMC7407918 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i7.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease and results in high healthcare and economic costs. Heavy alcohol misuse leads to alcohol-related liver disease, which is responsible for a significant proportion of alcohol-attributable deaths globally. Other than reducing alcohol consumption, there are currently no effective treatments for alcohol-related liver disease. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance in the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants. It plays important roles in several aspects of alcohol-related liver disease pathogenesis. Here, we review how chronic alcohol use results in oxidative stress through increased metabolism via the cytochrome P450 2E1 system producing reactive oxygen species, acetaldehyde and protein and DNA adducts. These trigger inflammatory signaling pathways within the liver leading to expression of pro-inflammatory mediators causing hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Reactive oxygen species exposure also results in mitochondrial stress within hepatocytes causing structural and functional dysregulation of mitochondria and upregulating apoptotic signaling. There is also evidence that oxidative stress as well as the direct effect of alcohol influences epigenetic regulation. Increased global histone methylation and acetylation and specific histone acetylation inhibits antioxidant responses and promotes expression of key pro-inflammatory genes. This review highlights aspects of the role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis that warrant further study including mitochondrial stress and epigenetic regulation. Improved understanding of these processes may identify novel targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey K Tan
- Hepatology Research Group, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Euan Yates
- Hepatology Research Group, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen Lilly
- Hepatology Research Group, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin D Dhanda
- Hepatology Research Group, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
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81
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Ma J, Cao H, Rodrigues RM, Xu M, Ren T, He Y, Hwang S, Feng D, Ren R, Yang P, Liangpunsakul S, Sun J, Gao B. Chronic-plus-binge alcohol intake induces production of proinflammatory mtDNA-enriched extracellular vesicles and steatohepatitis via ASK1/p38MAPKα-dependent mechanisms. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136496. [PMID: 32544093 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is a spectrum of liver disorders with histopathological changes ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent data suggest that chronic-plus-binge ethanol intake induces steatohepatitis by promoting release by hepatocytes of proinflammatory mitochondrial DNA-enriched (mtDNA-enriched) extracellular vesicles (EVs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the stress kinase apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) in chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced steatohepatitis and mtDNA-enriched EV release. Microarray analysis revealed the greatest hepatic upregulation of metallothionein 1 and 2 (Mt1/2), which encode 2 of the most potent antioxidant proteins. Genetic deletion of the Mt1 and Mt2 genes aggravated ethanol-induced liver injury, as evidenced by elevation of serum ALT, neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, and ASK1/p38 activation in the liver. Inhibition or genetic deletion of Ask1 or p38 ameliorated ethanol-induced liver injury, inflammation, ROS levels, and expression of phagocytic oxidase and ER stress markers in the liver. In addition, inhibition of ASK1 or p38 also attenuated ethanol-induced mtDNA-enriched EV secretion from hepatocytes. Taken together, these findings indicate that induction of hepatic mtDNA-enriched EVs by ethanol is dependent on ASK1 and p38, thereby promoting alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Haixia Cao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Science, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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82
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Diao Y, Nie J, Tan P, Zhao Y, Zhao T, Tu J, Ji H, Cao Y, Wu Z, Liang H, Huang H, Li Y, Gao X, Zhou L. Long-term low-dose ethanol intake improves healthspan and resists high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13128-13146. [PMID: 32639947 PMCID: PMC7377878 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have reported that moderate alcohol drinking has beneficial effects. However, few studies have focused on the beneficial effects of ethanol, the common component in alcoholic beverages. Here we fed the C57BL/6 mice with 3.5% v/v ethanol as drinking water substitute to investigate the effects of long-term low-dose ethanol intake in vivo. We evaluated the metabolic rate and mitochondrial function of the long-term low-dose ethanol-intake (LLE) mice, assessed the exercise ability of LLE mice, and fed the LLE mice with a high-fat diet to investigate the potential impact of ethanol on it. The LLE mice showed improved thermogenic activity, physical performance, and mitochondrial function, as well as resistance against the high-fat diet-induced obesity with elevated insulin sensitivity and subdued inflammation. Our results suggest that long-term low-dose ethanol intake can improve healthspan and resist high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. It may provide new insight into understanding the protective effects of moderate alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Diao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Junhui Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
| | - Peizhu Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaojing Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
| | - Yanze Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, China
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83
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Lunova M, Smolková B, Uzhytchak M, Janoušková KŽ, Jirsa M, Egorova D, Kulikov A, Kubinová Š, Dejneka A, Lunov O. Light-induced modulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity: possibilities and limitations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2815-2838. [PMID: 31583425 PMCID: PMC11104903 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological effects of high fluence low-power (HFLP) lasers have been reported for some time, yet the molecular mechanisms procuring cellular responses remain obscure. A better understanding of the effects of HFLP lasers on living cells will be instrumental for the development of new experimental and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we investigated sub-cellular mechanisms involved in the laser interaction with human hepatic cell lines. We show that mitochondria serve as sub-cellular "sensor" and "effector" of laser light non-specific interactions with cells. We demonstrated that despite blue and red laser irradiation results in similar apoptotic death, cellular signaling and kinetic of biochemical responses are distinct. Based on our data, we concluded that blue laser irradiation inhibited cytochrome c oxidase activity in electron transport chain of mitochondria. Contrary, red laser triggered cytochrome c oxidase excessive activation. Moreover, we showed that Bcl-2 protein inhibited laser-induced toxicity by stabilizing mitochondria membrane potential. Thus, cells that either overexpress or have elevated levels of Bcl-2 are protected from laser-induced cytotoxicity. Our findings reveal the mechanism how HFLP laser irradiation interfere with cell homeostasis and underscore that such laser irradiation permits remote control of mitochondrial function in the absence of chemical or biological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Lunova
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Smolková
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Uzhytchak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Žofie Janoušková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic.
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84
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Eguchi A, Yan R, Pan SQ, Wu R, Kim J, Chen Y, Ansong C, Smith RD, Tempaku M, Ohno-Machado L, Takei Y, Feldstein AE, Tsukamoto H. Comprehensive characterization of hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles identifies direct miRNA-based regulation of hepatic stellate cells and DAMP-based hepatic macrophage IL-1β and IL-17 upregulation in alcoholic hepatitis mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1021-1034. [PMID: 32556367 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been growingly recognized as biomarkers and mediators of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in human and mice. Here we characterized hepatocyte-derived EVs (HC-EVs) and their cargo for their biological functions in a novel murine model that closely resembles liver pathology observed in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH), the most severe spectrum of ALD. The numbers of circulating EVs and HC-EVs were significantly increased by 10-fold in AH mice compared with control mice. The miRNA (miR)-seq analysis detected 20 upregulated and 4 downregulated miRNAs (P < 0.001-0.05) in AH-HC-EVs. Treatment of murine primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) with AH-HC-EVs induced α-SMA (P < 0.05) and Col1a1 (P < 0.001). Smad7 and Nr1d2 genes, which were downregulated in HSCs from the AH mice, were predicted targets of 20 miRs upregulated in AH-HC-EVs. Among them were miR-27a and miR-181 which upon transfection in HSCs, indeed repressed Nr1d2, the quiescent HSC marker. AH-HC-EVs were also enriched with organelle proteins and mitochondrial DNA (10-fold, P < 0.05) and upregulated IL-1β and IL-17 production by hepatic macrophages (HMs) from AH mice in a TLR9-dependent manner. These results demonstrate HC-EV release is intensified in AH and suggest that AH-HC-EVs orchestrate liver fibrogenesis by directly targeting the quiescent HSC transcripts via a unique set of miRNAs and by amplifying HSC activation via DAMP-based induction of profibrogenic IL-1β and IL-17 by HMs. KEY MESSAGES: • Circulating EVs and HC-EVs were increased in AH mice compared with control mice • AH-HC-EVs were enriched in miRNAs, organelle proteins, and mitochondrial DNA • AH-HC-EVs increased cytokine production by AH-HMs in a TLR9-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- JST, PRETO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Rui Yan
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR-402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Stephanie Q Pan
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR-402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Raymond Wu
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR-402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Bioinformatics Services, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Mina Tempaku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Lucila Ohno-Machado
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR-402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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85
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Greco C, Taresco V, Pearce AK, Vasey CE, Smith S, Rahman R, Alexander C, Cavanagh RJ, Musumeci F, Schenone S. Development of Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Clinical Candidates for Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:657-663. [PMID: 32435367 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Residual cells at the tumor margin are responsible for up to 85% of GBM recurrences after standard treatment. Despite this evidence, the identification of compounds active on this cell population is still an underexplored field. Herein, starting from the knowledge that kinases are implicated in GBM, we evaluated three in-house pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines active as Src, Fyn, and SGK1 kinase inhibitors against patient derived cell lines from either the invasive region or contrast-enhanced core of GBM. We identified our Src inhibitor, SI306, as a promising lead compound for eradicating invasive GBM cells. Furthermore, aiming at the development of a feasible oral treatment for GBM, we performed a formulation study using 2D inkjet printing to generate soluble polymer-drug dispersions. Overall, this study led to the identification of a set of polymer-formulated pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine kinase inhibitors as promising candidates for GBM preclinical efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Amanda K. Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Catherine E. Vasey
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stuart Smith
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Robert J. Cavanagh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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86
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Pravda J. Hydrogen peroxide and disease: towards a unified system of pathogenesis and therapeutics. Mol Med 2020; 26:41. [PMID: 32380940 PMCID: PMC7204068 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the immune response has a prominent role in the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis, sepsis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, a primary immune causation has not been established to explain the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, studies have reported significantly elevated levels of colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide (a known colitic agent) in ulcerative colitis prior to the appearance of colitis. And patients with sepsis are reported to have toxic levels of blood hydrogen peroxide, whose pathologic effects mirror the laboratory and clinical abnormalities observed in sepsis. More recently, evidence supports a causal role for cellular hydrogen peroxide (a potent apoptotic agent) in the enhanced apoptosis believed to be the driving force behind auto-antigenic exposure and chronic immune activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. The different biological properties of hydrogen peroxide exert distinct pathologic effects depending on the site of accumulation within the body resulting in a unique disease patho-phenotype. On a cellular level, the build-up of hydrogen peroxide triggers apoptosis resulting in systemic lupus erythematosus, on a tissue level (colonic epithelium) excess hydrogen peroxide leads to inflammation and ulcerative colitis, and on a systemic level the pathologic effects of toxic concentrations of blood hydrogen peroxide result in bioenergetic failure and microangiopathic dysfunction leading to multiple organ failure and circulatory shock, characteristic of advanced sepsis. The aim of this paper is to provide a unified evidence-based common causal role for hydrogen peroxide in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, sepsis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Based on this new theory of pathogenesis, a novel evidence-based treatment of sepsis is also discussed.
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87
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Olga K, Yulia B, Vassilios P. The Functions of Mitochondrial 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide-3'-Phosphodiesterase and Prospects for Its Future. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093217. [PMID: 32370072 PMCID: PMC7246452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide-3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) is a myelin-associated enzyme that catalyzes the phosphodiester hydrolysis of 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotides to 2’-nucleotides. However, its presence is also found in unmyelinated cells and other cellular structures. Understanding of its specific physiological functions, particularly in unmyelinated cells, is still incomplete. This review concentrates on the role of mitochondrial CNPase (mtCNPase), independent of myelin. mtCNPase is able to regulate the functioning of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and thus is involved in the mechanisms of cell death, both apoptosis and necrosis. Its participation in the development of various diseases and pathological conditions, such as aging, heart disease and alcohol dependence, is also reviewed. As such, mtCNPase can be considered as a potential target for the development of therapeutic strategies in the treatment of mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krestinina Olga
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow region, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Baburina Yulia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow region, Russia;
| | - Papadopoulos Vassilios
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
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88
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Chang Y, Ryu S, Kim Y, Cho YK, Sung E, Kim HN, Ahn J, Jung HS, Yun KE, Kim S, Sung KC, Sohn CI, Shin H, Wild SH, Byrne CD. Low Levels of Alcohol Consumption, Obesity, and Development of Fatty Liver With and Without Evidence of Advanced Fibrosis. Hepatology 2020; 71:861-873. [PMID: 31325180 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The effects of low-level alcohol consumption on fatty liver disease and the potential for effect modification by obesity is uncertain. We investigated associations among low-level alcohol consumption, obesity status, and the development of incident hepatic steatosis (HS), either with or without an increase in noninvasive liver fibrosis score category (from low to intermediate or high category). APPROACH AND RESULTS A total of 190,048 adults without HS and a low probability of fibrosis with alcohol consumption less than 30 g/day (men) and less than 20 g/day (women) were followed for up to 15.7 years. Alcohol categories of no, light, and moderate consumption were defined as 0, 1-9.9, and 10-29.9 g/day (10-19.9 g/day for women), respectively. HS was diagnosed by ultrasonography, and the probability of fibrosis was estimated using the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). Parametric proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 43,466 participants developed HS, 2,983 of whom developed HS with an increase in FIB-4 index (to intermediate or high scores). Comparing light drinkers and moderate drinkers with nondrinkers, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for incident HS were 0.93 (0.90-0.95) and 0.90 (0.87-0.92), respectively. In contrast, comparing light drinkers and moderate drinkers with nondrinkers, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for developing HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 were 1.15 (1.04-1.27) and 1.49 (1.33-1.66), respectively. The association between alcohol consumption categories and incident HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 was observed in both nonobese and obese individuals, although the association was stronger in nonobese individuals (P for interaction by obesity = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Light/moderate alcohol consumption has differential effects on the development of different stages of fatty liver disease, which is modified by the presence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Sung
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Ahn
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Jung
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Yun
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhye Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Il Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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89
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The Protective Effect of the Polysaccharide Precursor, D-Isofloridoside, from Laurencia undulata on Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051024. [PMID: 32106572 PMCID: PMC7179215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) threatens human health, so it is imperative that we find ways to prevent or treat it. In recent years, the study of polysaccharides has shown that they have different kinds of bioactivities. Among them are many biological effects that have been attributed to polysaccharide precursors. D-Isofloridoside (DIF) is one of the polysaccharide precursors from the marine red alga Laurencia undulata. This study evaluated the effect of DIF on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). As a result, DIF attenuated alcohol-induced cytotoxicity, reduced the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and effectively reduced alcohol-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. In addition, a western blot showed that, after DIF treatment, the expression levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) increased, while the expression levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), BCL2-associated X (bax), cleaved caspase-3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) signal transduction proteins reduced. This showed that DIF may protect cells by reducing the amount of intracellular ROS and inhibiting intracellular oxidative stress and apoptotic processes. Finally, molecular docking demonstrated that DIF can bind to SOD, GGT, B-cell lymphoma-2, and bax proteins. These results indicated that DIF can protect HepG2 cells from alcohol-induced oxidative stress damage, making it an effective potential ingredient in functional foods.
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90
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Jeon S, Carr R. Alcohol effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:470-479. [PMID: 32029510 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r119000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALD begins with simple hepatic steatosis and progresses to alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The severity of hepatic steatosis is highly associated with the development of later stages of ALD. This review explores the disturbances of alcohol-induced hepatic lipid metabolism through altered hepatic lipid uptake, de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, hepatic lipid export, and lipid droplet formation and catabolism. In addition, we review emerging data on the contributions of genetics and bioactive lipid metabolism in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rotonya Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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91
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Telini BDP, Menoncin M, Bonatto D. Does Inter-Organellar Proteostasis Impact Yeast Quality and Performance During Beer Fermentation? Front Genet 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 32076433 PMCID: PMC7006503 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During beer production, yeast generate ethanol that is exported to the extracellular environment where it accumulates. Depending on the initial carbohydrate concentration in the wort, the amount of yeast biomass inoculated, the fermentation temperature, and the yeast attenuation capacity, a high concentration of ethanol can be achieved in beer. The increase in ethanol concentration as a consequence of the fermentation of high gravity (HG) or very high gravity (VHG) worts promotes deleterious pleiotropic effects on the yeast cells. Moderate concentrations of ethanol (5% v/v) change the enzymatic kinetics of proteins and affect biological processes, such as the cell cycle and metabolism, impacting the reuse of yeast for subsequent fermentation. However, high concentrations of ethanol (> 5% v/v) dramatically alter protein structure, leading to unfolded proteins as well as amorphous protein aggregates. It is noteworthy that the effects of elevated ethanol concentrations generated during beer fermentation resemble those of heat shock stress, with similar responses observed in both situations, such as the activation of proteostasis and protein quality control mechanisms in different cell compartments, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and cytosol. Despite the extensive published molecular and biochemical data regarding the roles of proteostasis in different organelles of yeast cells, little is known about how this mechanism impacts beer fermentation and how different proteostasis mechanisms found in ER, mitochondria, and cytosol communicate with each other during ethanol/fermentative stress. Supporting this integrative view, transcriptome data analysis was applied using publicly available information for a lager yeast strain grown under beer production conditions. The transcriptome data indicated upregulation of genes that encode chaperones, co-chaperones, unfolded protein response elements in ER and mitochondria, ubiquitin ligases, proteasome components, N-glycosylation quality control pathway proteins, and components of processing bodies (p-bodies) and stress granules (SGs) during lager beer fermentation. Thus, the main purpose of this hypothesis and theory manuscript is to provide a concise picture of how inter-organellar proteostasis mechanisms are connected with one another and with biological processes that may modulate the viability and/or vitality of yeast populations during HG/VHG beer fermentation and serial repitching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca de Paula Telini
- Brewing Yeast Research Group, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Menoncin
- Brewing Yeast Research Group, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Brewing Yeast Research Group, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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92
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Essential Amino Acid Supplement Lowers Intrahepatic Lipid despite Excess Alcohol Consumption. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010254. [PMID: 31963802 PMCID: PMC7019240 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess alcohol consumption is a top risk factor for death and disability. Fatty liver will likely develop and the risk of liver disease increases. We have previously demonstrated that an essential amino acid supplement (EAAS) improved protein synthesis and reduced intrahepatic lipid in the elderly. The purpose of this exploratory pilot study was to initiate the evaluation of EAAS on intrahepatic lipid (IHL), body composition, and blood lipids in individuals with mild to moderate alcohol use disorder (AUD). Following consent, determination of eligibility, and medical screening, 25 participants (18 males at 38 ± 15 years/age and 7 females at 34 ± 18 years/age) were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two dosages: a low dose (LD: 8 g of EAAS twice/day (BID)) or high dose (HD: 13 g of EAAS BID). Five of the twenty-five enrolled participants dropped out of the intervention. Both groups consumed the supplement BID for 4 weeks. Pre- and post-EAAS administration, IHL was determined using magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy, body composition was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood parameters were measured by LabCorp. T-tests were used for statistical analysis and considered significant at p < 0.05. While there was no significant change in IHL in the LD group, there was a significant 23% reduction in IHL in the HD group (p = 0.02). Fat mass, lean tissue mass, bone mineral content, and blood lipids were not altered. Post-EAAS phosphatidylethanol was elevated and remained unchanged in LD at 407 ± 141 ng/mL and HD at 429 ± 196 ng/mL, indicating chronic and excess alcohol consumption. The HD of the proprietary EAAS formulation consumed BID seemed to lower IHL in individuals with mild to moderate AUD. We suggest that further studies in a larger cohort be conducted to more completely address this important area of investigation.
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93
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Wu J, Chen JX, He JH. T-2 toxin-induced DRP-1-dependent mitophagy leads to the apoptosis of mice Leydig cells (TM3). Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111082. [PMID: 31887398 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin, one member of the type A trichothecene family, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocytes (L02) and murine Leydig cells (TM3), as well as mitochondrial dysfunctions. In the present study, we attempted to investigate whether T-2 toxin toxicity is related to mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy. We found that T-2 toxin might induce autophagy and mitophagy in TM3 cells (TM3) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, T-2 toxin could induce mitochondrial dysfunction, depolarization, and fission concentration-dependently. The inducible effects of T-2 toxin on mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell apoptosis could all be significantly reversed by autophagy inhibitor, 3 MA. Finally, DRP-1 participated in the inducible effects of T-2 toxin on TM3 cell mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell apoptosis. In summary, mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction are essential mechanisms of the toxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Thus, our findings provide a rationale for further studies on selectively targeting mitophagy to improve mitochondrial dysfunction and to protect cells from T-2 toxin-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China.
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94
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Assiri MA, Ali HR, Marentette JO, Yun Y, Liu J, Hirschey MD, Saba LM, Harris PS, Fritz KS. Investigating RNA expression profiles altered by nicotinamide mononucleotide therapy in a chronic model of alcoholic liver disease. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:65. [PMID: 31823815 PMCID: PMC6902345 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption is a significant cause of liver disease worldwide. Several biochemical mechanisms have been linked to the initiation and progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, including the disruption of NAD+/NADH. Indeed, an ethanol-mediated reduction in hepatic NAD+ levels is thought to be one factor underlying ethanol-induced steatosis, oxidative stress, steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, and inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Therefore, we applied a NAD+ boosting supplement to investigate alterations in the pathogenesis of early-stage ALD. METHODS To examine the impact of NAD+ therapy on the early stages of ALD, we utilized nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) at 500 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection every other day, for the duration of a Lieber-DeCarli 6-week chronic ethanol model in mice. Numerous strategies were employed to characterize the effect of NMN therapy, including the integration of RNA-seq, immunoblotting, and metabolomics analysis. RESULTS Our findings reveal that NMN therapy increased hepatic NAD+ levels, prevented an ethanol-induced increase in plasma ALT and AST, and changed the expression of 25% of the genes that were modulated by ethanol metabolism. These genes were associated with a number of pathways including the MAPK pathway. Interestingly, our analysis revealed that NMN treatment normalized Erk1/2 signaling and prevented an induction of Atf3 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal previously unreported mechanisms by which NMN supplementation alters hepatic gene expression and protein pathways to impact ethanol hepatotoxicity in an early-stage murine model of ALD. Overall, our data suggest further research is needed to fully characterize treatment paradigms and biochemical implications of NAD+-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi R Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John O Marentette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Youngho Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Peter S Harris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristofer S Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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95
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Slovinsky WS, Romero F, Sales D, Shaghaghi H, Summer R. The involvement of GM-CSF deficiencies in parallel pathways of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and the alcoholic lung. Alcohol 2019; 80:73-79. [PMID: 31229291 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption renders the lung more susceptible to infections by disrupting essential alveolar macrophage functions. Emerging evidence suggests that these functional deficits are due, in part, to a suppression of GM-CSF signaling, which is believed to compromise monocyte growth and maturation in the lung. However, in addition to controlling monocyte behaviors, GM-CSF also regulates surfactant homeostasis. For example, mice with targeted deletion of the gene for GM-CSF accumulate large amounts of surfactant phospholipids in their lungs. Moreover, decreased GM-CSF signaling in humans has been linked to the development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a rare disorder in which surfactant lipids and proteins accumulate in alveolar macrophages and the lung exhibits enhanced susceptibility to infection. Consistent with parallel mechanisms in the PAP and alcoholic lung, we have recently reported that levels of intrapulmonary lipids, specifically triglycerides and free fatty acids, are increased in BAL fluid, whole lung digests and alveolar macrophages of chronically alcohol exposed rats. Additionally, we showed that uptake of saturated fatty acids alone could induce phenotypic and functional changes in alveolar macrophages that mimicked those in the alcohol-exposed rat and human lung. Herein, we discuss the role of GM-CSF in surfactant homeostasis and highlight the evidence that links decreased GM-CSF signaling to alveolar macrophage dysfunction in both the PAP and alcohol-exposed lung. Moreover, we discuss how lipid accumulation itself might contribute to altering alveolar macrophage function and propose how targeting these mechanisms could be employed for reducing the susceptibility to pulmonary infections in alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Slovinsky
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Freddy Romero
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Dominic Sales
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hoora Shaghaghi
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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96
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Müller TE, Nunes MEM, Rodrigues NR, Fontana BD, Hartmann DD, Franco JL, Rosemberg DB. Neurochemical mechanisms underlying acute and chronic ethanol-mediated responses in zebrafish: The role of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104584. [PMID: 31654679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) is a socially-accepted drug, whose consumption is a risk factor for non-intentional injuries, development of pathologies, and addiction. In the brain, EtOH affects redox signaling and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after acute and chronic exposures. Here, using a high-resolution respirometry assay, we investigated whether changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics play a role in both acute and chronic EtOH-mediated neurochemical responses in zebrafish. For the first time, we showed that acute and chronic EtOH exposures differently affect brain mitochondrial function. Acutely, EtOH stimulated mitochondrial respiration through increased baseline state, CI-mediated OXPHOS, OXPHOS capacity, OXPHOS coupling efficiency, bioenergetic efficiency, and ROX/ETS ratio. Conversely, EtOH chronically decreased baseline respiration, complex I- and II-mediated ETS, as well as increased ROX state and ROX/ETS ratio, which are associated with ROS formation. Overall, we observed that changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics play a role, at least partially, in both acute and chronic effects of EtOH in the zebrafish brain. Moreover, our findings reinforce the face, predictive, and construct validities of zebrafish models to explore the neurochemical bases involved in alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talise E Müller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauro E M Nunes
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil
| | - Nathane R Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil
| | - Barbara D Fontana
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
| | - Diane D Hartmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jeferson L Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-000, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA.
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97
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Deda O, Virgiliou C, Orfanidis A, Gika HG. Study of Fecal and Urinary Metabolite Perturbations Induced by Chronic Ethanol Treatment in Mice by UHPLC-MS/MS Targeted Profiling. Metabolites 2019; 9:E232. [PMID: 31623107 PMCID: PMC6836053 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) as a consequence of ethanol chronic consumption could lead to hepatic cirrhosis that is linked to high morbidity and mortality. Disease diagnosis is still very challenging and usually clear findings are obtained in the later stage of ALD. The profound effect of ethanol on metabolism can be depicted using metabolomics; thus, the discovery of novel biomarkers could shed light on the initiation and the progression of the ALD, serving diagnostic purposes. In the present study, Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry HILIC-MS/MS based metabolomics analyisis of urine and fecal samples of C57BL/6 mice of both sexes at two sampling time points was performed, monitoring the effect of eight-week ethanol consumption. The altered hepatic metabolism caused by ethanol consumption induces extensive biochemical perturbations and changes in gut microbiota population on a great scale. Fecal samples were proven to be a suitable specimen for studying ALD since it was more vulnerable to the metabolic changes in comparison to urine samples. The metabolome of male mice was affected on a greater scale than the female metabolome due to ethanol exposure. Precursor small molecules of essential pathways of energy production responded to ethanol exposure. A meaningful correlation between the two studied specimens demonstrated the impact of ethanol in endogenous and symbiome metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Deda
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christina Virgiliou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Amvrosios Orfanidis
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Helen G Gika
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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98
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Krishnasamy Y, Gooz M, Li L, Lemasters JJ, Zhong Z. Role of mitochondrial depolarization and disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 11:190-204. [PMID: 31777643 PMCID: PMC6872485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is poorly understood. Here, relationships between mitochondrial depolarization (mtDepo) and mitochondrial homeostasis were studied in a mouse model of NASH. C57BL/6 mice were fed a Western diet (high fat, fructose and cholesterol) for 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months, and livers were harvested for histology and biochemical analysis. Hepatic mtDepo was evaluated by intravital multiphoton microscopy. After Western diet feeding, mixed hepatic micro- and macrovesicular steatosis and leukocyte infiltration occurred at 2 weeks and continued to increase afterwards. ALT release, mild necrosis, apoptosis, and ballooning degeneration were present at 2 and 6 months. Smooth muscle α-actin expression increased at 2 weeks and longer, and increased collagen-I expression and mild fibrosis occurred at 6 months. After feeding Western diet for 2 weeks and longer, mtDepo appeared in 50-70% hepatocytes, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction at an early stage of NASH. mtDepo can initiate mitophagy, and mitophagic markers increased at 2 and 6 months. Concurrently autophagic processing became impaired. Oxidative phosphorylation proteins, mitochondrial biogenesis signals, and proteins associated with mitochondrial fission and fusion decreased after 2 months and longer of Western diet. Proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling (NLRP3 inflammasome activation, expression of IL-1, osteopontin and TGF-β1) also increased in association with mitochondrial stress/dysfunction after Western diet feeding. Taken together, we show that hepatic mtDepo occurs early in mice fed a Western diet, followed by increased mitophagic burden, suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and mitochondrial depletion. These novel mitochondrial alterations in NASH most likely play an important role in promoting steatosis, inflammation, and progression to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasodha Krishnasamy
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
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99
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Nkpaa KW, Awogbindin IO, Amadi BA, Abolaji AO, Adedara IA, Wegwu MO, Farombi EO. Ethanol Exacerbates Manganese-Induced Neurobehavioral Deficits, Striatal Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis Via Regulation of p53, Caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio-Dependent Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:135-148. [PMID: 30488170 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of ethanol (EtOH) on manganese (Mn)-induced striatal toxicity in rat by evaluating the neurobehavioral changes, biochemical and molecular events in rats exposed to Mn alone at 30 mg/kg, or their combination with EtOH at 1.25- and 5-g/kg body weight for 35 consecutive days. Locomotive and exploratory profiles were assessed using a video tracking software (ANY-Maze software) during a 5-min trial in a novel environment. Subsequently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress markers, histological morphology, and expression of apoptotic proteins (p53 and Bax and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) were assessed in the striatum. Results showed that Mn, EtOH, and their combination induced locomotor and motor deficits. Track plot analysis indicated that EtOH exacerbated the Mn-induced reduction in exploratory profiles of exposed rats. Similarly, exposure of rats to Mn, EtOH, or combination of Mn and EtOH resulted in decreased activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, diminished level of reduced glutathione, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, increased AChE activity, enhanced hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels, and upregulated expressions of p53, Bax, and caspase-3. Moreover, potentiation of Mn-induced striatal toxicity by EtOH co-exposure was dose dependent. Taken together, it seems that EtOH exacerbates Mn-induced neurobehavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induction via the regulation of p53, caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio-dependent pathway in rat striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kpobari W Nkpaa
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin A Amadi
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Matthew O Wegwu
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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100
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Bogenpohl JW, Smith ML, Farris SP, Dumur CI, Lopez MF, Becker HC, Grant KA, Miles MF. Cross-Species Co-analysis of Prefrontal Cortex Chronic Ethanol Transcriptome Responses in Mice and Monkeys. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:197. [PMID: 31456662 PMCID: PMC6701453 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent extensive genomic and genetic studies on behavioral responses to ethanol, relatively few new therapeutic targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorder have been validated. Here, we describe a cross-species genomic approach focused on identifying gene networks associated with chronic ethanol consumption. To identify brain mechanisms underlying a chronic ethanol consumption phenotype highly relevant to human alcohol use disorder, and to elucidate potential future therapeutic targets, we conducted a genomic study in a non-human primate model of chronic open-access ethanol consumption. Microarray analysis of RNA expression in anterior cingulate and subgenual cortices from rhesus macaques was performed across multiple cohorts of animals. Gene networks correlating with ethanol consumption or showing enrichment for ethanol-regulated genes were identified, as were major ethanol-related hub genes within these networks. A subsequent consensus module analysis was used to co-analyze monkey data with expression data from a chronic intermittent ethanol vapor-exposure and consumption model in C57BL/6J mice. Ethanol-related gene networks conserved between primates and rodents were enriched for genes involved in discrete biological functions, including; myelination, synaptic transmission, chromatin modification, Golgi apparatus function, translation, cellular respiration, and RNA processing. The myelin-related network, in particular, showed strong correlations with ethanol consumption behavior and displayed marked network reorganization between control and ethanol-drinking animals. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that these networks also showed highly significant overlap with other ethanol-regulated gene sets. Altogether, these studies provide robust primate and rodent cross-species validation of gene networks associated with chronic ethanol consumption. Our results also suggest potential novel focal points for future therapeutic interventions in alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Bogenpohl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, United States
| | - Maren L Smith
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sean P Farris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Catherine I Dumur
- Aurora Diagnostics-Sonic Healthcare, Bernhardt Laboratories, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Marcelo F Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Howard C Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Michael F Miles
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,VCU Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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