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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Administration Sex-Specifically Affects Blood Insulin Levels and Liver Steatosis in Obese Ay Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123440. [PMID: 34943946 PMCID: PMC8700098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF21 is a promising candidate for treating obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD; however, some of its pharmacological effects are sex-specific in mice with the Ay mutation that evokes melanocortin receptor 4 blockade, obesity, and hepatosteatosis. This suggests that the ability of FGF21 to correct melanocortin obesity may depend on sex. This study compares FGF21 action on food intake, locomotor activity, gene expression, metabolic characteristics, and liver state in obese Ay males and females. Ay mice were administered FGF21 for seven days, and metabolic parameters and gene expression in different tissues were assessed. Placebo-treated females were more obese than males and had lower levels of blood insulin and liver triglycerides, and higher expression of genes for insulin signaling in the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscles, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. FGF21 administration did not affect body weight, and increased food intake, locomotor activity, expression of Fgf21 and Ucp1 in brown fat and genes related to lipolysis and insulin action in WAT regardless of sex; however, it decreased hyperinsulinemia and hepatic lipid accumulation and increased muscle expression of Cpt1 and Irs1 only in males. Thus, FGF21’s beneficial effects on metabolic disorders associated with melanocortin obesity are more pronounced in males.
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52
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Yan P, Li Z, Xiong J, Geng Z, Wei W, Zhang Y, Wu G, Zhuang T, Tian X, Liu Z, Liu J, Sun K, Chen F, Zhang Y, Zeng C, Huang Y, Zhang B. LARP7 ameliorates cellular senescence and aging by allosterically enhancing SIRT1 deacetylase activity. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110038. [PMID: 34818543 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is associated with pleiotropic physiopathological processes, including aging and age-related diseases. The persistent DNA damage is a major stress leading to senescence, but the underlying molecular link remains elusive. Here, we identify La Ribonucleoprotein 7 (LARP7), a 7SK RNA binding protein, as an aging antagonist. DNA damage-mediated Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) activation triggers the extracellular shuttling and downregulation of LARP7, which dampens SIRT1 deacetylase activity, enhances p53 and NF-κB (p65) transcriptional activity by augmenting their acetylation, and thereby accelerates cellular senescence. Deletion of LARP7 leads to senescent cell accumulation and premature aging in rodent model. Furthermore, we show this ATM-LARP7-SIRT1-p53/p65 senescence axis is active in vascular senescence and atherogenesis, and preventing its activation substantially alleviates senescence and atherogenesis. Together, this study identifies LARP7 as a gatekeeper of senescence, and the altered ATM-LARP7-SIRT1-p53/p65 pathway plays an important role in DNA damage response (DDR)-mediated cellular senescence and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junhao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zilong Geng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Renji-Med Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Yu D, Tang Z, Li B, Yu J, Li W, Liu Z, Tian C. Resveratrol against Cardiac Fibrosis: Research Progress in Experimental Animal Models. Molecules 2021; 26:6860. [PMID: 34833952 PMCID: PMC8621031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a heterogeneous disease, which is characterized by abundant proliferation of interstitial collagen, disordered arrangement, collagen network reconstruction, increased cardiac stiffness, and decreased systolic and diastolic functions, consequently developing into cardiac insufficiency. With several factors participating in and regulating the occurrence and development of cardiac fibrosis, a complex molecular mechanism underlies the disease. Moreover, cardiac fibrosis is closely related to hypertension, myocardial infarction, viral myocarditis, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, which can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death, thus seriously threatening human life and health. Resveratrol, with the chemical name 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, is a polyphenol abundantly present in grapes and red wine. It is known to prevent the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it may resist cardiac fibrosis through a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and several cell signaling pathways, thus exerting a protective effect on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Zhixian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Z.T.); (J.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Ben Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Junjian Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Z.T.); (J.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Wentong Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Z.T.); (J.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Ziyou Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Z.T.); (J.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Chengnan Tian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Z.T.); (J.Y.); (W.L.)
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Shao W, Jin T. Hepatic hormone FGF21 and its analogues in clinical trials. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2021; 8:19-25. [PMID: 35620160 PMCID: PMC9126297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a fasting or stress inducible metabolic hormone produced mainly in the liver. It plays important roles in regulating both glucose and lipid homeostasis via interacting with a heterodimeric receptor complex comprising FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and β‐klotho (KLB). For the past decade, great effort has been made on developing FGF21 derivatives or specific FGF21 receptor agonists into therapeutic agents for various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and more importantly, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we have reviewed FGF21 gene and protein structures, its expression pattern, cellular signaling cascades that mediate FGF21 production and function. We have then summarized the six clinical trials utilizing four FGF21 analogues. Finally, two recent literatures on the development of GLP‐1 and FGF21 dual agonists were presented briefly.
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Liu D, Pang J, Shao W, Gu J, Zeng Y, He HH, Ling W, Qian X, Jin T. Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Involved in Mediating Functions of Liraglutide in Mice With Dietary Challenge. Hepatology 2021; 74:2154-2169. [PMID: 33851458 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have shown that expression of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can be stimulated by glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based diabetes drugs. As GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is unlikely to be expressed in hepatocytes, we aimed to compare such stimulation in mice and in mouse hepatocytes, determine the involvement of GLP-1R, and clarify whether FGF21 mediates certain functions of the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide. APPROACH AND RESULTS Liver FGF21 expression was assessed in mice receiving a daily liraglutide injection for 3 days or in mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs) undergoing direct liraglutide treatment. The effects of liraglutide on metabolic improvement and FGF21 expression were then assessed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and compared with the effects of the dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Animal studies were also performed in Glp1r-/- mice and liver-specific FGF21-knockout (lFgf21-KO) mice. In wild-type mouse liver that underwent RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, we observed liraglutide-stimulated hepatic Fgf21 expression and a lack of Glp1r expression. In MPHs, liraglutide did not stimulate Fgf21. In mice with HFD-induced obesity, liraglutide or sitagliptin treatment reduced plasma triglyceride levels, whereas their effect on reducing body-weight gain was different. Importantly, increased hepatic FGF21 expression was observed in liraglutide-treated mice but was not observed in sitagliptin-treated mice. In HFD-fed Glp1r-/- mice, liraglutide showed no beneficial effects and could not stimulate Fgf21 expression. In lFgf21-KO mice undergoing dietary challenge, the body-weight-gain attenuation and lipid homeostatic effects of liraglutide were lost or significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that liraglutide-stimulated hepatic Fgf21 expression may require GLP-1R to be expressed in extrahepatic organs. Importantly, we revealed that hepatic FGF21 is required for liraglutide to lower body weight and improve hepatic lipid homeostasis. These observations advanced our mechanistic understanding of the function of GLP-1-based drugs in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Pang
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijuan Shao
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jianqiu Gu
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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56
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Guo WR, Liu J, Cheng LD, Liu ZY, Zheng XB, Liang H, Xu F. Metformin Alleviates Steatohepatitis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice in a SIRT1-Dependent Way. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:704112. [PMID: 34483906 PMCID: PMC8416468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.704112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line anti-diabetic drug for type 2 diabetes. It has been found to significantly reduce liver aminotransferase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether metformin improves NAFLD progression remains controversial. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, plays a vital role in hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Here, we investigated the effect of metformin on steatohepatitis and the role of SIRT1 in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The results showed that metformin significantly reduced body weight and fat mass of DIO mice. In addition, metformin also alleviated adiposity and hepatic steatosis, and greatly upregulated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in adipose tissues of DIO mice. Unexpectedly, the effects of metformin on reducing body weight and alleviating hepatic steatosis were not impaired in Sirt1 heterozygous knockout (Sirt1+/−) mice. However, SIRT1-deficiency remarkably impaired the effects of metformin on lowering serum transaminases levels, downregulating the mRNA expression of proinflammatory factors, and increasing the protein level of hepatic Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase (CH25H), a cholesterol hydroxylase in cholesterol catabolism. In summary, we demonstrated that metformin alleviates steatohepatitis in a SIRT1-dependent manner, and modulation of M1 polarization and cholesterol metabolism may be the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Rong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Dan Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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57
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Morris EM, Noland RD, Ponte ME, Montonye ML, Christianson JA, Stanford JA, Miles JM, Hayes MR, Thyfault JP. Reduced Liver-Specific PGC1a Increases Susceptibility for Short-Term Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Male Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2596. [PMID: 34444756 PMCID: PMC8400659 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The central integration of peripheral neural signals is one mechanism by which systemic energy homeostasis is regulated. Previously, increased acute food intake following the chemical reduction of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ATP levels was prevented by common hepatic branch vagotomy (HBV). However, possible offsite actions of the chemical compounds confound the precise role of liver energy metabolism. Herein, we used a hepatocyte PGC1a heterozygous (LPGC1a) mouse model, with associated reductions in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiratory capacity, to assess the role of liver energy metabolism in systemic energy homeostasis. LPGC1a male, but not female, mice had a 70% greater high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced weight gain compared to wildtype (WT) mice (p < 0.05). The greater weight gain was associated with altered feeding behavior and lower activity energy expenditure during the HFHS diet in LPGC1a males. WT and LPGC1a mice underwent sham surgery or HBV to assess whether vagal signaling was involved in the HFHS-induced weight gain of male LPGC1a mice. HBV increased HFHS-induced weight gain (85%, p < 0.05) in male WT mice, but not LPGC1a mice. These data demonstrate a sex-specific role of reduced liver energy metabolism in acute diet-induced weight gain, and the need for a more nuanced assessment of the role of vagal signaling in short-term diet-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Roberto D. Noland
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Michael E. Ponte
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Michelle L. Montonye
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Julie A. Christianson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - John A. Stanford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - John M. Miles
- Department of Internal Medicine—Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine—Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Kansas City VA Medical Center-Research Service, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
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58
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Ji YX, Wang Y, Li PL, Cai L, Wang XM, Bai L, Liu Z, Tian H, Tian S, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, Cheng X, Yuan Y, She ZG, Hu Y, Li H. A kinome screen reveals that Nemo-like kinase is a key suppressor of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1171-1186.e9. [PMID: 33951476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antihyperglycemic therapy is an important priority for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Excessive hepatic glucose production (HGP) is a major cause of fasting hyperglycemia. Therefore, a better understanding of its regulation would be important to develop effective antihyperglycemic therapies. Using a gluconeogenesis-targeted kinome screening approach combined with transcriptome analyses, we uncovered Nemo-like kinase (NLK) as a potent suppressor of HGP. Mechanistically, NLK phosphorylates and promotes nuclear export of CRTC2 and FOXO1, two key regulators of hepatic gluconeogenesis, resulting in the proteasome-dependent degradation of the former and the inhibition of the self-transcriptional activity and expression of the latter. Importantly, the expression of NLK is downregulated in the liver of individuals with diabetes and in diabetic rodent models and restoring NLK expression in the mouse model ameliorates hyperglycemia. Therefore, our findings uncover NLK as a critical player in the gluconeogenic regulatory network and as a potential therapeutic target for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xiao Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yutao Wang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Long Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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59
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Lopez-Perez D, Redruello-Romero A, Garcia-Rubio J, Arana C, Garcia-Escudero LA, Tamayo F, Puentes-Pardo JD, Moreno-SanJuan S, Salmeron J, Blanco A, Galvez J, Leon J, Carazo Á. In Patients With Obesity, the Number of Adipose Tissue Mast Cells Is Significantly Lower in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664576. [PMID: 34093556 PMCID: PMC8177010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rising global health problem mainly caused by obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. In healthy individuals, white adipose tissue (WAT) has a relevant homeostatic role in glucose metabolism, energy storage, and endocrine signaling. Mast cells contribute to these functions promoting WAT angiogenesis and adipogenesis. In patients with T2D, inflammation dramatically impacts WAT functioning, which results in the recruitment of several leukocytes, including monocytes, that enhance this inflammation. Accordingly, the macrophages population rises as the WAT inflammation increases during the T2D status worsening. Since mast cell progenitors cannot arrive at WAT, the amount of WAT mast cells depends on how the new microenvironment affects progenitor and differentiated mast cells. Here, we employed a flow cytometry-based approach to analyze the number of mast cells from omental white adipose tissue (o-WAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (s-WAT) in a cohort of 100 patients with obesity. Additionally, we measured the number of mast cell progenitors in a subcohort of 15 patients. The cohort was divided in three groups: non-T2D, pre-T2D, and T2D. Importantly, patients with T2D have a mild condition (HbA1c <7%). The number of mast cells and mast cell progenitors was lower in patients with T2D in both o-WAT and s-WAT in comparison to subjects from the pre-T2D and non-T2D groups. In the case of mast cells in o-WAT, there were statistically significant differences between non-T2D and T2D groups (p = 0.0031), together with pre-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.0097). However, in s-WAT, the differences are only between non-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.047). These differences have been obtained with patients with a mild T2D condition. Therefore, little changes in T2D status have a huge impact on the number of mast cells in WAT, especially in o-WAT. Due to the importance of mast cells in WAT physiology, their decrease can reduce the capacity of WAT, especially o-WAT, to store lipids and cause hypoxic cell deaths that will trigger inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Anaïs Redruello-Romero
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Arana
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Garcia-Escudero
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Jose D Puentes-Pardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-SanJuan
- Cytometry and Microscopy Research Service, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Salmeron
- Gastroenterology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Armando Blanco
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red para Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa Leon
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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Thapa K, Grewal AS, Kanojia N, Rani L, Sharma N, Singh S. Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Diseases: Promising Molecular Drug Targets and their Clinical Development. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:333-353. [PMID: 31965945 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200121143959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases have become a serious concern worldwide. Both these liver diseases have an identical pathology, starting from simple steatosis to cirrhosis and, ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment options for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are still the same as they were 50 years ago which include corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, antioxidants, nutritional support and abstinence; and for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), weight loss, insulin sensitizers, lipid-lowering agents and anti-oxidants are the only treatment options. Despite broad research in understanding the disease pathophysiology, limited treatments are available for clinical use. Some therapeutic strategies based on targeting a specific molecule have been developed to lessen the consequences of disease and are under clinical investigation. Therefore, focus on multiple molecular targets will help develop an efficient therapeutic strategy. This review comprises a brief overview of the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD; recent molecular drug targets explored for ALD and NAFLD that may prove to be effective for multiple therapeutic regimens and also the clinical status of these promising drug targets for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Jia YZ, Mei QJ, Zhang Y. MiR-484 participates in non-alcoholic fatty liver injury by targeting SIRT1 to mediate cell apoptosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:389-397. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i8.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major health threat that is seriously underestimated. Although the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, more and more evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating the occurrence and development of NAFLD. Whether miR-484 is involved in the occurrence and development of NAFLD remains to be clarified.
AIM To explore the mechanism of miR-484 in the damage of liver steatosis.
METHODS A mouse model of NAFLD was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet, and the expression levels of miR-484 and SIRT1 in liver tissues were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. A miR-484 knockout NAFLD mouse model was constructed, the degree of steatosis and apoptosis were detected by oil red O staining, HE staining, and TUNEL staining, and the levels of serum ALT and AST were detected. In addition, a cell model of NAFLD was constructed through free fatty acid exposure. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was first used to verify the direct targeting relationship between miR-484 and SIRT1, then an SIRT1 overexpression model was constructed by transfection with pc-DNA and pc-DNA SIRT1. Oil red O staining was used to detect lipid accumulation and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis.
RESULTS In the mouse model of NAFLD, the expression of miR-484 was significantly up-regulated, while the expression of SIRT1 was decreased. The degree of steatosis was reduced and serum ALT and AST levels were significantly reduced in miR-484 knockout mice. In the cell model of NAFLD, miR-484 can directly target SIRT1. In addition, overexpression of SIRT1 significantly decreased the rate of apoptosis and alleviated lipid accumulation in liver cells
CONCLUSION MiR-484 regulates cell apoptosis by targeting SIRT1 and aggravates lipid accumulation in liver cells, which suggests that miR-484 may be a therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhao Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiao-Juan Mei
- Insititute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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Zhang L, Yang SY, Qi-Li FR, Liu XX, Zhang WT, Peng C, Wu P, Li P, Li P, Xu X. Administration of isoliquiritigenin prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through a novel IQGAP2-CREB-SIRT1 axis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3898-3915. [PMID: 33860590 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ISO) is a flavonoid extracted from the root of licorice, which serves various biological and pharmacological functions including antiinflammatory, antioxidation, liver protection, and heart protection. However, the mechanism of its action remains elusive and the direct target proteins of ISO have not been identified so far. Through cell-based screening, we identified ISO as a potent lipid-lowering compound. ISO treatment successfully ameliorated fatty acid-induced cellular lipid accumulation and improved nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by increasing PPARα-dependent lipid oxidation and decreasing SREBPs-dependent lipid synthesis. Both these signaling required the activation of SIRT1. Knockdown of SIRT1 resulted in the reversal of ISO beneficiary effects suggesting that the lipid-lowering activity of ISO was regulated by SIRT1 expression. To identify the direct target of ISO, limited proteolysis combined with mass spectrometry (LiP-SMap) strategy was applied and IQGAP2 was identified as the direct target for ISO in regulating lipid homeostasis. In the presence of ISO, both mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1 were increased; however, this effect was abolished by blocking IQGAP2 expression using siRNA. To explore how IQGAP2 regulated the expression level of SIRT1, proteome profiler human phospho-kinase array kit was used to reveal possible phosphorylated kinases and signaling nodes that ISO affected. We found that through phosphorylation of CREB, ISO transduced signals from IQGAP2 to upregulate SIRT1 expression. Thus, we not only demonstrated the molecular basis of ISO in regulating lipid metabolism but also exhibited for the first time a novel IQGAP2-CREB-SIRT1 axis in treating NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Rong Qi-Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Ahnak deficiency attenuates high-fat diet-induced fatty liver in mice through FGF21 induction. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:468-482. [PMID: 33785868 PMCID: PMC8080712 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The AHNAK nucleoprotein has been determined to exert an anti-obesity effect in adipose tissue and further inhibit adipogenic differentiation. In this study, we examined the role of AHNAK in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism to prevent diet-induced fatty liver. Ahnak KO mice have reportedly exhibited reduced fat accumulation in the liver and decreased serum triglyceride (TG) levels when provided with either a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). Gene expression profiling was used to identify novel factors that could be modulated by genetic manipulation of the Ahnak gene. The results revealed that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was markedly increased in the livers of Ahnak KO mice compared with WT mice fed a HFD. Ahnak knockdown in hepatocytes reportedly prevented excessive lipid accumulation induced by palmitate treatment and was associated with increased secretion of FGF21 and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, which are primarily downstream of PPARα. These results indicate that pronounced obesity and hepatic steatosis are attenuated in HFD-fed Ahnak KO mice. This may be attributed, in part, to the induction of FGF21 and regulation of lipid metabolism, which are considered to be involved in increased fatty acid oxidation and reduced lipogenesis in the liver. These findings suggest that targeting AHNAK may have beneficial implications in preventing or treating hepatic steatosis.
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Epigenetics in NAFLD/NASH: Targets and therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105484. [PMID: 33771699 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grabbed considerable scientific attention, owing to its rapid increase in prevalence worldwide and growing burden on end-stage liver diseases. Metabolic syndrome including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension poses a grave risk to NAFLD etiology and progression. With no drugs available, the mainstay of NAFLD management remains lifestyle changes with exercise and dietary modifications. Nonselective drugs such as metformin, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), silymarin, etc., are also being used to target the interrelated pathways for treating NAFLD. Considering the enormous disease burden and the unmet need for drugs, fresh insights into pathogenesis and drug discovery are required. The emergence of the field of epigenetics offers a convincing explanation for the basis of lifestyle, environmental, and other risk factors to influence NAFLD pathogenesis. Therefore, understanding these epigenetic modifications to target the primary cause of the disease might prove a rational strategy to prevent the disease and develop novel therapeutic interventions. Apart from describing the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of NAFLD as in other reviews, this review additionally provides an elaborate discussion on exploiting the high plasticity of epigenetic modifications in response to environmental cues, for developing novel therapeutics for NAFLD. Besides, this extensive review provides evidence for epigenetic mechanisms utilized by several potential drugs for NAFLD.
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Kwon J, Lee C, Heo S, Kim B, Hyun CK. DSS-induced colitis is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and disrupted hepatic lipid metabolism leading to hepatosteatosis and dyslipidemia in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5283. [PMID: 33674694 PMCID: PMC7935975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), this study aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms for how intestinal inflammatory conditions are causally linked to hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia. Both younger and older mice treated with acute or chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) developed colitis, which was evidenced by weight loss, colon length shortening, and elevated disease activity index and inflammation score. They also showed decreased expression of intestinal barrier function-related proteins and elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide level, indicating DSS-induced barrier dysfunction and thereby increased permeability. Interestingly, they displayed phenotypes of hepatic fat accumulation and abnormal blood lipid profiles. This DSS-induced colitis-associated lipid metabolic dysfunction was due to overall disruption of metabolic processes including fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis, lipolysis, reverse cholesterol transport, bile acid synthesis, and white adipose tissue browning and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, most of which are mediated by key regulators of energy homeostasis such as FGF21, adiponectin, and irisin, via SIRT1/PGC-1α- and LXRα-dependent pathways. Our study suggests a potential molecular mechanism underlying the comorbidity of NAFLD and IBD, which could provide a key to understanding how the two diseases are pathogenically linked and discovering critical therapeutic targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Kwon
- grid.411957.f0000 0004 0647 2543School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554 South Korea
| | - Chungho Lee
- grid.411957.f0000 0004 0647 2543School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554 South Korea
| | - Sungbaek Heo
- grid.411957.f0000 0004 0647 2543School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554 South Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- grid.411957.f0000 0004 0647 2543School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554 South Korea
| | - Chang-Kee Hyun
- grid.411957.f0000 0004 0647 2543School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554 South Korea
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Role of NAD + in regulating cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. Mol Metab 2021; 49:101195. [PMID: 33609766 PMCID: PMC7973386 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a critical coenzyme present in every living cell, is involved in a myriad of metabolic processes associated with cellular bioenergetics. For this reason, NAD+ is often studied in the context of aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Scope of review Cellular NAD+ depletion is associated with compromised adaptive cellular stress responses, impaired neuronal plasticity, impaired DNA repair, and cellular senescence. Increasing evidence has shown the efficacy of boosting NAD+ levels using NAD+ precursors in various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive understanding into the role of NAD+ in aging and other pathologies and discusses potential therapeutic targets. Major conclusions An alteration in the NAD+/NADH ratio or the NAD+ pool size can lead to derailment of the biological system and contribute to various neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and tumorigenesis. Due to the varied distribution of NAD+/NADH in different locations within cells, the direct role of impaired NAD+-dependent processes in humans remains unestablished. In this regard, longitudinal studies are needed to quantify NAD+ and its related metabolites. Future research should focus on measuring the fluxes through pathways associated with NAD+ synthesis and degradation. NAD+ regulates energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, and stress response. NAD+ deterioration contributes to the progression of multiple metabolic disorders, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside raise NAD+ levels in different tissues in preclinical models. Imaging studies on genetic models can illustrate the pathways of NAD+metabolism and their downstream functional effects. Human clinical trials to determine benefits of restoration of NAD+ by using NAD precursors are in progress.
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Wang Y, Tai YL, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Yan J, Kakiyama G, Wang X, Gurley EC, Liu J, Liu J, Liu J, Lai G, Hylemon PB, Pandak WM, Chen W, Zhou H. Berberine Prevents Disease Progression of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis through Modulating Multiple Pathways. Cells 2021; 10:210. [PMID: 33494295 PMCID: PMC7912096 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from simple steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is driven by multiple factors. Berberine (BBR) is an ancient Chinese medicine and has various beneficial effects on metabolic diseases, including NAFLD/NASH. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood due to the limitation of the NASH animal models used. Methods: A high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced mouse model of NAFLD, the best available preclinical NASH mouse model, was used. RNAseq, histological, and metabolic pathway analyses were used to identify the potential signaling pathways modulated by BBR. LC-MS was used to measure bile acid levels in the serum and liver. The real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to validate the RNAseq data. Results: BBR not only significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating fatty acid synthesis and metabolism but also restored the bile acid homeostasis by targeting multiple pathways. In addition, BBR markedly inhibited inflammation by reducing immune cell infiltration and inhibition of neutrophil activation and inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, BBR was able to inhibit hepatic fibrosis by modulating the expression of multiple genes involved in hepatic stellate cell activation and cholangiocyte proliferation. Consistent with our previous findings, BBR's beneficial effects are linked with the downregulation of microRNA34a and long noncoding RNA H19, which are two important players in promoting NASH progression and liver fibrosis. Conclusion: BBR is a promising therapeutic agent for NASH by targeting multiple pathways. These results provide a strong foundation for a future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.-L.T.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (E.C.G.); (P.B.H.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qianjiang, Hefei 230012, China;
| | - Yun-Ling Tai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.-L.T.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (E.C.G.); (P.B.H.)
| | - Derrick Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.-L.T.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (E.C.G.); (P.B.H.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.-L.T.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (E.C.G.); (P.B.H.)
| | - Junkai Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.-L.T.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (E.C.G.); (P.B.H.)
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (G.K.); (W.M.P.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.-L.T.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (E.C.G.); (P.B.H.)
| | - Emily C. Gurley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.-L.T.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (E.C.G.); (P.B.H.)
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Jimin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M0L8, Canada;
| | - Guanhua Lai
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia, 23298 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.-L.T.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (E.C.G.); (P.B.H.)
| | - William M. Pandak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (G.K.); (W.M.P.)
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qianjiang, Hefei 230012, China;
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.-L.T.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (E.C.G.); (P.B.H.)
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Lei H, denDekker AD, Li G, Zhang Z, Sha L, Schaller MA, Kunkel SL, Rui L, Tao K, Dou Y. Dysregulation of intercellular signaling by MOF deletion leads to liver injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100235. [PMID: 33376138 PMCID: PMC7948572 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms that alter heritable gene expression and chromatin structure play an essential role in many biological processes, including liver function. Human MOF (males absent on the first) is a histone acetyltransferase that is globally downregulated in human steatohepatitis. However, the function of MOF in the liver remains unclear. Here, we report that MOF plays an essential role in adult liver. Genetic deletion of Mof by Mx1-Cre in the liver leads to acute liver injury, with increase of lipid deposition and fibrosis akin to human steatohepatitis. Surprisingly, hepatocyte-specific Mof deletion had no overt liver abnormality. Using the in vitro coculturing experiment, we show that Mof deletion-induced liver injury requires coordinated changes and reciprocal signaling between hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, which enables feedforward regulation to augment inflammation and apoptotic responses. At the molecular level, Mof deletion induced characteristic changes in metabolic gene programs, which bore noticeable similarity to the molecular signature of human steatohepatitis. Simultaneous deletion of Mof in both hepatocytes and macrophages results in enhanced expression of inflammatory genes and NO signaling in vitro. These changes, in turn, lead to apoptosis of hepatocytes and lipotoxicity. Our work highlights the importance of histone acetyltransferase MOF in maintaining metabolic liver homeostasis and sheds light on the epigenetic dysregulation in liver pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron D denDekker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liang Sha
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew A Schaller
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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69
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Braud L, Pini M, Stec DF, Manin S, Derumeaux G, Stec DE, Foresti R, Motterlini R. Increased Sirt1 secreted from visceral white adipose tissue is associated with improved glucose tolerance in obese Nrf2-deficient mice. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101805. [PMID: 33285413 PMCID: PMC7721645 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic dysregulation characterized by insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) is a critical regulator of the stress response and Nrf2-deficient mice (Nrf2-/-) are protected against high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic derangement. We searched for factors that could underline this favorable phenotype and found that Nrf2-/- mice exhibit higher circulating levels of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a key player in cellular homeostasis and energy metabolism, compared to wild-type mice. Increased Sirt1 levels in Nrf2-/- mice were found not only in animals under standard diet but also following HFD. Interestingly, we report here that the visceral adipose tissue (eWAT) is the sole source of increased Sirt1 protein in plasma. eWAT and other fat depots displayed enhanced adipocytes lipolysis, increased fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis, suggesting autocrine and endocrine actions of Sirt1 in this model. We further demonstrate that removal of eWAT completely abolishes the increase in circulating Sirt1 and that this procedure suppresses the beneficial effect of Nrf2 deficiency on glucose tolerance, but not insulin sensitivity, following a HFD regime. Thus, in contrast to many other stressful conditions where Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates damage, our study indicates that up-regulation of Sirt1 levels specifically in the visceral adipose tissue of Nrf2-/- mice is a key adaptive mechanism that mitigates glucose intolerance induced by nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Braud
- University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France.
| | - Maria Pini
- University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Donald F Stec
- Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology (VICB), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Sylvie Manin
- University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | | | - David E Stec
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Roberta Foresti
- University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France.
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70
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Badakhshi Y, Jin T. Current understanding and controversies on the clinical implications of fibroblast growth factor 21. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:311-328. [PMID: 33382006 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1864278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic functions of the hepatic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have been recognized for more than a decade in studying the responses of human subjects and rodent models to nutritional stresses such as fasting, high-fat diet or ketogenic diet consumption, and ethanol intake. Our interest in the beneficial metabolic effects of FGF21 has risen due to its potential ability to serve as a therapeutic agent for various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver diseases, as well as its potential to act as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for metabolic and other disorders. Here, we briefly review the FGF21 gene and protein structures, its expression pattern, and cellular signaling cascades that mediate FGF21 production and function. We mainly focus on discussing experimental and clinical literature pertaining to FGF21 as a therapeutic agent. Furthermore, we present several lines of investigation, including a few studies conducted by our team, suggesting that FGF21 expression and function can be regulated by dietary polyphenol interventions. Finally, we discuss the literature debating FGF21 as a potential biomarker in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Badakhshi
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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71
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Luo G, Xiao L, Wang D, Wang N, Luo C, Yang X, Hao L. Resveratrol attenuates excessive ethanol exposure-induced β-cell senescence in rats: A critical role for the NAD +/SIRT1-p38MAPK/p16 pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 89:108568. [PMID: 33326842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol has been found to improve ethanol-induced diabetes. Although pancreatic β-cell senescence-induced β-cell mass loss plays a critical role in the progression of diabetes, the exact mechanism by which resveratrol improves ethanol-triggered β-cell senescence and its role in ethanol-induced diabetes remains unknown. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either control or ethanol liquid diets containing 2.4 g/kg·bw ethanol with or without 100 mg/kg·bw resveratrol for 22 weeks. Resveratrol decreased the ethanol-induced augmentation in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive area and attenuated reduction in β-cell mass, which were based on elevated levels of SIRT1 and proliferation marker Ki67 and reduced levels of senescence-associated markers (p-p38MAPK and p16INK4a). Similarly, resveratrol rescued the reduction in NAD+/NADH ratio and SIRT1 and inhibited the upregulation of p-p38MAPK and p16INK4a in ethanol-treated INS-1 cells. Furthermore, supplementation with NAD+ inducer nicotinamide mononucleotide, SIRT1 activator SRT1720 or p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 effectively reversed ethanol-induced β-cell senescence, while supplementation with SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527 or NAD+ inhibitor FK866 abrogated resveratrol-mediated antisenescence effects in INS-1 cells. Together, our results indicate that resveratrol improves ethanol-triggered β-cell senescence and consequently recovers β-cell mass loss by inhibiting p38MAPK/p16 pathway through an NAD+/SIRT1 dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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72
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Chen Y, Yan X, Xu X, Yuan S, Xu F, Liang H. PNPLA3 I148M is involved in the variability in anti-NAFLD response to exenatide. Endocrine 2020; 70:517-525. [PMID: 32862405 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as exenatide, have been proven to attenuate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vivo and in vitro. However, the efficiency of exenatide had interindividual differences. PNPLA3 is a major susceptibility gene for NAFLD and its I148M polymorphism increases the risk of all disorders of the NAFLD spectrum. Whether this variant contributes to variability in exenatide response is still unclear. METHODS PNPLA3 148I knockin HepG2 cells were constructed using the Cas9/sgRNA system. Oil Red O staining combined with TG quantification was used to evaluate lipid accumulation. Western blotting and qRT-qPCR were conducted, respectively, to measure the protein and mRNA expression of lipid metabolic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related inflammatory markers. PNPLA3 I148M was genotyped in type 2 diabetics using Sanger sequencing. The exenatide-induced changes in liver fat content and other clinical parameters were compared between PNPLA3 I148M genotypes. RESULTS Lipid deposition increased in both PNPLA3 148I/I and 148M/M HepG2 cells treated with palmitoleic acid, while cells with 148M/M had a higher TG content than those with 148I/I. Exendin-4 treatment was showed to be more significant in 148I/I cells than in 148M/M cells in terms of reducing the intrahepatic fat content, inhibiting SREBP-1c and ER stress-related inflammation, and activating AMPK-ACC lipid oxidation pathway. In patients with type 2 diabetes, 24-week treatment with exenatide improved liver fat content in patients carrying PNPLA3 148I/I better than in patients with 148M/M. CONCLUSIONS PNPLA3 I148M might modify the anti-NAFLD response to exenatide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China.
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73
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Lu W, Li X, Luo Y. FGF21 in obesity and cancer: New insights. Cancer Lett 2020; 499:5-13. [PMID: 33264641 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine FGF21 was discovered as a novel metabolic regulator in 2005 with new functions bifurcating from the canonic heparin-binding FGFs that directly promote cell proliferation and growth independent of a co-receptor. Early studies have demonstrated that FGF21 is a stress sensor in the liver and possibly, several other endocrine and metabolic tissues. Hepatic FGF21 signals via endocrine routes to quench episodes of metabolic derangements, promoting metabolic homeostasis. The convergence of mouse and human studies shows that FGF21 promotes lipid catabolism, including lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial oxidative activity, and thermogenic energy dissipation, rather than directly regulating insulin and appetite. The white and brown adipose tissues and, to some extent, the hypothalamus, all of which host a transmembrane receptor binary complex of FGFR1 and co-receptor KLB, are considered the essential tissue and molecular targets of hepatic or pharmacological FGF21. On the other hand, a growing body of work has revealed that pancreatic acinar cells form a constitutive high-production site for FGF21, which then acts in an autocrine or paracrine mode. Beyond regulation of macronutrient metabolism and physiological energy expenditure, FGF21 appears to function in forestalling the development of fatty pancreas, steato-pancreatitis, fatty liver, and steato-hepatitis, thereby preventing the development of advanced pathologies such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. This review is intended to provide updates on these new discoveries that illuminate the protective roles of FGF21-FGFR1-KLB signal pathway in metabolic anomalies-associated severe tissue damage and malignancy, and to inform potential new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obesity-inflicted cancer patients via reducing metabolic risks and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Yongde Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Centeer BioTherapeutics Ltd Co, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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74
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Yang Z, Li P, Shang Q, Wang Y, He J, Ge S, Jia R, Fan X. CRISPR-mediated BMP9 ablation promotes liver steatosis via the down-regulation of PPARα expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/48/eabc5022. [PMID: 33246954 PMCID: PMC7695473 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity drives the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatic steatosis. Several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) except BMP9 were reported related to metabolic syndrome. This study demonstrates that liver cytokine BMP9 is decreased in the liver and serum of NAFLD model mice and patients. BMP9 knockdown induces lipid accumulation in Hepa 1-6 cells. BMP9-knockout mice exhibit hepatosteatosis due to down-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression and reduced fatty acid oxidation. In vitro, recombinant BMP9 treatment attenuates triglyceride accumulation by enhancing PPARα promoter activity via the activation of p-smad. PPARα-specific antagonist GW6471 abolishes the effect of BMP9 knockdown. Furthermore, adeno-associated virus-mediated BMP9 overexpression in mouse liver markedly relieves liver steatosis and obesity-related metabolic syndrome. These findings indicate that BMP9 plays a critical role in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism in a PPARα-dependent manner and may provide a previously unknown insight into NAFLD therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - P Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Q Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - J He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - S Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - R Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - X Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
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Ren R, Wang Z, Wu M, Wang H. Emerging Roles of SIRT1 in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:3174-3183. [PMID: 33162823 PMCID: PMC7645991 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease worldwide with a wide spectrum of liver pathologies ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been demonstrated that ALD is mediated in whole or in part by a central signaling molecule sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a conserved class III histone deacetylase.SIRT1 plays beneficial roles in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, inhibiting hepatic inflammation, controlling hepatic fibrosis and mediating hepatocellular carcinoma in ALD. However, underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and remain incompletely understood. The aim of this review was to highlight the latest advances in understanding of SIRT1 regulatory mechanisms in ALD and discuss their unique potential role as novel therapeutic target for ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ren
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
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76
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Packer M. Cardioprotective Effects of Sirtuin-1 and Its Downstream Effectors: Potential Role in Mediating the Heart Failure Benefits of SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2) Inhibitors. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e007197. [PMID: 32894987 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors may be related to their ability to induce a fasting-like paradigm, which triggers the activation of nutrient deprivation pathways to promote cellular homeostasis. The most distinctive metabolic manifestations of this fasting mimicry are enhanced gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis, which are not seen with other antihyperglycemic drugs. The principal molecular stimulus to gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis is activation of SIRT1 (sirtuin-1) and its downstream mediators: PGC-1α (proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) and FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21). These three nutrient deprivation sensors exert striking cardioprotective effects in a broad range of experimental models. This benefit appears to be related to their actions to alleviate oxidative stress and promote autophagy-a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that disposes of dysfunctional organelles that are major sources of cellular injury. Nutrient deprivation sensors are suppressed in states of perceived energy surplus (ie, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure), but SGLT2 inhibitors activate SIRT1/PGC-1α/FGF21 signaling and promote autophagy. This effect may be related to their action to trigger the perception of a system-wide decrease in environmental nutrients, but SGLT2 inhibitors may also upregulate SIRT1, PGC-1α, and FGF21 by a direct effect on the heart. Interestingly, metformin-induced stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (a nutrient deprivation sensor that does not promote ketogenesis) has not been shown to reduce heart failure events in clinical trials. Therefore, promotion of ketogenic nutrient deprivation signaling by SGLT2 inhibitors may explain their cardioprotective effects, even though SGLT2 is not expressed in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX;and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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77
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Packer M. Role of ketogenic starvation sensors in mediating the renal protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107647. [PMID: 32534886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors ameliorate the progression of diabetic chronic kidney disease, but the mechanisms underlying this nephroprotective effect have not been fully elucidated. These drugs induce a fasting-like transcriptional paradigm, which includes activation of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and its downstream effectors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). This triad of enzymes and transcription factors serve as master regulators of nutrient and cellular homeostasis, and each acts to enhance gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, the hallmarks of treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors. At the same time, SIRT1/PGC-1α/FGF21 signaling also promotes autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that cleanses the cytosol of dysfunctional organelles. This action alleviates cellular stress, ameliorates inflammation, and is strikingly nephroprotective. Interestingly, type 2 diabetes is characterized by both a deficiency of SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling and an impairment of autophagic flux, thus explaining the high levels of oxidative stress in the diabetic kidney. SIRT1 gene polymorphisms have been linked with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy in several epidemiological studies. Importantly, there is an inverse relationship between the activity of SGLT2 and signaling through the SIRT1/PGC-1α/FGF21 pathway, and SGLT2 inhibition leads to activation of these ketogenic nutrient deprivation sensors. Therefore, activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α/FGF21 may explain the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors not only to promote ketogenesis, but also to preserve renal function in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Imperial College, London, UK.
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78
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Hirao H, Dery KJ, Kageyama S, Nakamura K, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Heme Oxygenase-1 in liver transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury: From bench-to-bedside. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:75-82. [PMID: 32084514 PMCID: PMC7434658 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a major risk factor for early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and acute or chronic graft rejection, contributes to donor organ shortage for life-saving orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The graft injury caused by local ischemia (warm and/or cold) leads to parenchymal cell death and release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), followed by reperfusion-triggered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of inflammatory cells, hepatocellular damage and ultimate organ failure. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a heat shock protein-32 induced under IR-stress, is an essential component of the cytoprotective mechanism in stressed livers. HO-1 regulates anti-inflammatory responses and may be crucial in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and steatosis. An emerging area of study is macrophage-derived HO-1 and its pivotal intrahepatic homeostatic function played in IRI-OLT. Indeed, ectopic hepatic HO-1 overexpression activates intracellular SIRT1/autophagy axis to serve as a key cellular self-defense mechanism in both mouse and human OLT recipients. Recent translational studies in rodents and human liver transplant patients provide novel insights into HO-1 mediated cytoprotection against sterile hepatic inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current bench-to-bedside knowledge on HO-1 molecular signaling and discuss their future therapeutic potential to mitigate IRI in OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirao
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kenneth J Dery
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Surgery, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, 5-7-1 Koji-dai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2273, Japan
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Genetic ablation of Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase ameliorates obesity-related hepatic glucose and lipid metabolic disorders via sirtuin-1 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1066-1072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tian L, Ning H, Shao W, Song Z, Badakhshi Y, Ling W, Yang BB, Brubaker PL, Jin T. Dietary Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Body-Weight Gain and Impairment of Glucose Tolerance in Mice via Effects on the Hepatic Hormone FGF21. J Nutr 2020; 150:2101-2111. [PMID: 32470979 PMCID: PMC7398791 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary polyphenols including anthocyanins target multiple organs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the involvement of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, insulin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in mediating metabolic beneficial effects of purified anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G). METHODS Intestinal proglucagon gene (Gcg; encoding GLP-1) and liver Fgf21 expression were assessed in 6-wk-old male C57BL-6J mice fed a low-fat-diet (LFD; 10% of energy from fat), alone or with 1.6 mg Cy3G/L in drinking water for 3 wk [experiment (Exp.) 1; n = 5/group]. Similar mice were fed the LFD or a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% energy from fat) with or without Cy3G for 20 wk. Half of the mice administered Cy3G also received 4 broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABs) in drinking water between weeks 11 and 14, for a total of 6 groups (n = 8/group). Metabolic tolerance tests were conducted between weeks 2 and 16. Relevant hormone gene expression and plasma hormone concentrations were assessed mainly at the end of 20 wk (Exp. 2). RESULTS In Exp. 1, Cy3G administration increased ileal but not colonic Gcg level by 2-fold (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, Cy3G attenuated HFD-induced body-weight gain (20.3% at week 16), and improved glucose tolerance (26.5% at week 15) but not insulin tolerance. Although Cy3G had no effect on glucose tolerance in LFD mice, LFD/Cy3G/AB mice showed better glucose tolerance than LFD/Cy3G mice (23%). In contrast, HFD/Cy3G/AB mice showed worse glucose tolerance compared with HFD/Cy3G mice (15%). Beneficial effects of Cy3G in HFD mice were not associated with changes in plasma leptin, insulin or GLP-1 concentrations. However, Cy3G increased hepatic Fgf21 expression in mice in Exp. 1 by 4-fold and attenuated Fgf21 overexpression in HFD mice (Exp. 2, 22%), associated with increased expression of genes that encode FGFR1 and β-klotho (>3-fold, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary Cy3G may reduce body weight and exert metabolic homeostatic effects in mice via changes in hepatic FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hongmei Ning
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Weijuan Shao
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yasaman Badakhshi
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Burton B Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Address correspondence to TJ (e-mail: )
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81
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Suga T, Sato K, Ohyama T, Matsui S, Kobayashi T, Tojima H, Horiguchi N, Yamazaki Y, Kakizaki S, Nishikido A, Okamura T, Yamada M, Kitamura T, Uraoka T. Ipragliflozin-induced improvement of liver steatosis in obese mice may involve sirtuin signaling. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:350-362. [PMID: 32821334 PMCID: PMC7407917 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i7.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are newly developed oral antidiabetic drugs. SGLT2 is primarily expressed in the kidneys and reabsorbs approximately 90% of the glucose filtered by the renal glomeruli. SGLT2 inhibitors lower glucose levels independently of insulin action by facilitating urinary glucose excretion. The SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin has reportedly improved liver steatosis in animal models and clinical studies. However, the mechanisms by which SGLT2 inhibitors improve liver steatosis are not fully understood.
AIM To investigate the ameliorative effects of ipragliflozin on liver steatosis and the mechanisms of these effects in obese mice.
METHODS We analyzed 8-wk-old male obese (ob/ob) mice that were randomly divided into a group receiving a normal chow diet and a group receiving a normal chow diet supplemented with ipragliflozin (3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) for 4 wk. We also analyzed their lean sex-matched littermates receiving a normal chow diet as another control group. Body weight and liver weight were evaluated, and liver histology, immunoblotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed.
RESULTS Hepatic lipid accumulation was significantly ameliorated in ob/ob mice treated with 10 mg/kg ipragliflozin compared to untreated ob/ob mice irrespective of body weight changes. Ipragliflozin had no appreciable effects on hepatic oxidative stress-related gene expression levels or macrophage infiltration, but significantly reduced hepatic interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression levels. Ipragliflozin increased both the mRNA and protein expression levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the liver. The hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) were also significantly higher in ipragliflozin-treated ob/ob mice than in untreated ob/ob mice.
CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the liver steatosis-ameliorating effects of ipragliflozin in ob/ob mice may be mediated partly by hepatic SIRT1 signaling, possibly through the PGC-1α/PPARα-FGF21 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Suga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sho Matsui
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norio Horiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Satoru Kakizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nishikido
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Okamura
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshio Uraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
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Ipragliflozin-induced improvement of liver steatosis in obese mice may involve sirtuin signaling. World J Hepatol 2020. [DOI: 10.4254/wjgh.v12.i7.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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83
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Santos FO, Correia BRO, Marinho TS, Barbosa-da-Silva S, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. Anti-steatotic linagliptin pleiotropic effects encompasses suppression of de novo lipogenesis and ER stress in high-fat-fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 509:110804. [PMID: 32259637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of linagliptin treatment on hepatic energy metabolism and ER stress in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Forty male C57BL/6 mice, three months of age, received a control diet (C, 10% of lipids as energy, n = 20) or high-fat diet (HF, 50% of lipids as energy, n = 20) for 10 weeks. The groups were randomly subdivided into four groups to receive linagliptin, for five weeks, at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day added to the diets: C, C-L, HF, and HF-L groups. RESULTS The HF group showed higher body mass, total and hepatic cholesterol levels and total and hepatic triacylglycerol levels than the C group, all of which were significantly diminished by linagliptin in the HF-L group. The HF group had higher hepatic steatosis than the C group, whereas linagliptin markedly reduced the hepatic steatosis (less 52%, P < 0.001). The expression of Sirt1 and Pgc1a was more significant in the HF-L group than in the HF group. Linagliptin also elicited enhanced GLP-1 concentrations and a reduction in the expression of the lipogenic genes Fas and Srebp1c. Besides, HF-L showed a reduction in the genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress Chop, Atf4, and Gadd45 coupled with reduced apoptotic nuclei immunostaining. CONCLUSION Linagliptin caused a marked reduction in hepatic steatosis as a secondary effect of its glucose-lowering property. NAFLD countering involved reduced lipogenesis, increased beta-oxidation, and relief in endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to reduced apoptosis and better preservation of the hepatic structure. Therefore, linagliptin may be used, preferably in diabetic patients, to avoid the progression of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Santos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B R O Correia
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T S Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Feeding brown fat: dietary phytochemicals targeting non-shivering thermogenesis to control body weight. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:338-356. [PMID: 32290888 PMCID: PMC7663322 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive adipose accumulation, which is the main driver for the development of secondary metabolic complications, has reached epidemic proportions and combined pharmaceutical, educational and nutritional approaches are required to reverse the current rise in global obesity prevalence rates. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a unique organ able to dissipate energy and thus a promising target to enhance BMR to counteract a positive energy balance. In addition, active BAT might support body weight maintenance after weight loss to prevent/reduce relapse. Natural products deliver valuable bioactive compounds that have historically helped to alleviate disease symptoms. Interest in recent years has focused on identifying nutritional constituents that are able to induce BAT activity and thereby enhance energy expenditure. This review provides a summary of selected dietary phytochemicals, including isoflavones, catechins, stilbenes, the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and resveratrol as well as the alkaloids berberine and capsaicin. Most of the discussed phytochemicals act through distinct molecular pathways e.g. sympathetic nerve activation, AMP-kinase signalling, SIRT1 activity or stimulation of oestrogen receptors. Thus, it might be possible to utilise this multitude of pathways to co-activate BAT using a fine-tuned combination of foods or combined nutritional supplements.
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85
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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 Alleviates Obesity Associated with Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function of Adipose Tissue in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071490. [PMID: 32218367 PMCID: PMC7180933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are widely known for their health benefits. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to obesity. The aim of this study was to illuminate whether Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 (BAA6) could improve obesity due to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function of adipose tissues. Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 17 weeks. For the final eight weeks, the HFD group was divided into three groups including HFD, HFD with BAA6 (HFD + BAA6 group), and HFD with Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) (HFD + AKK group as positive control). The composition of the microbiota, serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and mitochondrial biosynthesis and function of epididymal adipose tissues were measured. Compared with the HFD group, body weight, relative fat weight, the relative abundance of Oscillibacter and Bilophila, and serum LPS were significantly decreased in the HFD + BAA6 and HFD + AKK groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of BAA6 and AKK increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) (by 21.53- and 18.51-fold), estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) (by 2.83- and 1.24-fold), and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) (by 1.51- and 0.60-fold) in epididymal adipose tissues. Our results suggest that BAA6 could improve obesity associated with promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and function of adipose tissues in mice.
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86
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Luo G, Xiao L, Wang D, Wang N, Luo C, Yang X, Hao L. Resveratrol protects against ethanol-induced impairment of insulin secretion in INS-1 cells through SIRT1-UCP2 axis. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104808. [PMID: 32087266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIRT1 has been proposed to enhance insulin secretion in β-cell through repressing the expression of uncoupling protein2 (UCP2), but whether ethanol-induced β-cell dysfunction is mediated by the disrupted SIRT1-UCP2 axis remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms by which ethanol resulted in β-cell dysfunction and the potential protective effects of resveratrol in this process. INS-1 cells (rat pancreatic β-cell line) were cultured with ethanol in the presence or absence of resveratrol (2.5, 12.5 μmol/L). The results showed that ethanol exposure reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, ATP production and SIRT1 expression but increased UCP2 expression, while supplementation with resveratrol restored the function of INS-1 cell by upregulating SIRT1 and inhibiting UCP2. Moreover, the critical role of SIRT1-UCP2 axis was further supported by the results that SIRT1 activator SRT1720 reversed ethanol-induced impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by decreasing UCP2, while SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527 abolished the beneficial effects of resveratrol. Meanwhile, NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide also counteracted the deleterious effects of ethanol by increasing SIRT1, suggesting the regulation of SIRT1-UCP2 axis may be associated with cellular NAD+/NADH ratio. In conclusion, our observations imply that ethanol induces impaired insulin secretion from INS-1 cell through disrupting SIRT1-UCP2 axis, while resveratrol may reverse this process by augmenting SIRT1 and inhibiting UCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Lai Y, Zhao A, Tan M, Yang M, Lin Y, Li S, Song J, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Liu D, Liu C, Li L, Yang G. DOCK5 regulates energy balance and hepatic insulin sensitivity by targeting mTORC1 signaling. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49473. [PMID: 31885214 PMCID: PMC7001503 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dedicator of cytokinesis 5 (DOCK5) is associated with obesity. However, the mechanism by which DOCK5 contributes to obesity remains completely unknown. Here, we show that hepatic DOCK5 expression significantly decreases at a state of insulin resistance (IR). Deletion of DOCK5 in mice reduces energy expenditure, promotes obesity, augments IR, dysregulates glucose metabolism, and activates the mTOR (Raptor)/S6K1 pathway under a high-fat diet (HFD). The overexpression of DOCK5 in hepatocytes inhibits gluconeogenic gene expression and increases the level of insulin receptor (InsR) and Akt phosphorylation. DOCK5 overexpression also inhibits mTOR/S6K1 phosphorylation and decreases the level of raptor protein expression. The opposite effects were observed in DOCK5-deficient hepatocytes. Importantly, in liver-specific Raptor knockout mice and associated hepatocytes, the effects of an adeno-associated virus (AAV8)- or adenovirus-mediated DOCK5 knockdown on glucose metabolism and insulin signaling are largely eliminated. Additionally, DOCK5-Raptor interaction is indispensable for the DOCK5-mediated regulation of hepatic glucose production (HGP). Therefore, DOCK5 acts as a regulator of Raptor to control hepatic insulin activity and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerui Lai
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Anjiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics in the Ministry of Education and Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Minghong Tan
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mengliu Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Yao Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics in the Ministry of Education and Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shengbing Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for oral Diseases and Biomedical ScienceCollege of StomatologyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of EndocrinologyXinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and EndocrinologyDaping HospitalChongqing Institute of HypertensionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ling Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Wang(a) J, Wang S, Wang(b) J, Xiao M, Guo Y, Tang Y, Zhang J, Gu J. Epigenetic Regulation Associated With Sirtuin 1 in Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:598012. [PMID: 33537003 PMCID: PMC7848207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.598012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the largest health concerns of the 21st century due to the serious complications associated with the disease. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the pathogenesis of DM and develop novel strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to not only deacetylate histones to modulate chromatin function but also deacetylate numerous transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes, both positively and negatively. SIRT1 also plays a crucial role in regulating histone and DNA methylation through the recruitment of other nuclear enzymes to the chromatin. Furthermore, SIRT1 has been verified as a direct target of many microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, numerous studies have explored the key roles of SIRT1 and other related epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic complications. Thus, this review aims to present a summary of the rapidly growing field of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, as well as the epigenetic influence of SIRT1 on the development and progression of diabetic complications, including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang(a)
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Wang(b)
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Department of Cardiology at the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junlian Gu,
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Sex Differences in Liver, Adipose Tissue, and Muscle Transcriptional Response to Fasting and Refeeding in Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121529. [PMID: 31783664 PMCID: PMC6953068 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting is often used for obesity correction but the “refeeding syndrome” limits its efficiency, and molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic response to different food availability are under investigation. Sex was shown to affect hormonal and metabolic reactions to fasting/refeeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate hormonal and transcriptional responses to fasting and refeeding in male and female C57Bl/6J mice. Sex asymmetry was observed both at the hormonal and transcriptional levels. Fasting (24 h) induced increase in hepatic Fgf21 gene expression, which was associated with elevation of plasma FGF21 and adiponectin levels, and the upregulation of expression of hepatic (Pparα, Cpt1α) and muscle (Cpt1β, Ucp3) genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. These changes were more pronounced in females. Refeeding (6 h) evoked hyperinsulinemia and increased hepatic expression of gene related to lipogenesis (Fasn) only in males and hyperleptinemia and increase in Fgf21 gene expression in muscles and adipose tissues only in females. The results suggest that in mice, one of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex asymmetry in hepatic Pparα, Cpt1α, muscle Cpt1β, and Ucp3 expression during fasting is hepatic Fgf21 expression, and the reason for sex asymmetry in hepatic Fasn expression during refeeding is male-specific hyperinsulinemia.
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90
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Dichotomous Sirtuins: Implications for Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:1021-1039. [PMID: 31704173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7), a class of NAD+-dependent deacylases, are central regulators of metabolic homeostasis and stress responses. While numerous salutary effects associated with sirtuin activation, especially SIRT1, are well documented, other reports show health benefits resulting from sirtuin inhibition. Furthermore, conflicting findings have been obtained regarding the pathophysiological role of specific sirtuin isoforms, suggesting that sirtuins act as 'double-edged swords'. Here, we provide an integrated overview of the different findings on the role of mammalian sirtuins in neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disorders and attempt to dissect the reasons behind these different effects. Finally, we discuss how addressing these obstacles may provide a better understanding of the complex sirtuin biology and improve the likelihood of identifying effective and selective drug targets for a variety of human disorders.
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91
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Liu Q, Liu Y, Li F, Gu Z, Liu M, Shao T, Zhang L, Zhou G, Pan C, He L, Cai J, Zhang X, Barve S, McClain CJ, Chen Y, Feng W. Probiotic culture supernatant improves metabolic function through FGF21-adiponectin pathway in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 75:108256. [PMID: 31760308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-fat/high-fructose diet plus intermittent hypoxia exposure (HFDIH) causes metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects and understand the mechanism of action of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG culture supernatant (LGGs) on HFDIH-induced metabolic dysfunction. Mice were fed high-fat:high-fructose diet for 15 weeks. After 3 weeks of feeding, the mice were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia for the next 12 weeks (HFDIH), and LGGs was supplemented over the entire experiment. HFDIH exposure significantly led to metabolic disorders. LGGs treatment showed significant improvements in indices of metabolic disorders including fat mass, energy expenditure, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, increased hepatic steatosis and liver injury. HFDIH mice markedly increased adipose inflammation and adipocyte size, and reduced circulating adiponectin, which was restored by LGGs treatment. LGGs treatment increased hepatic FGF21 mRNA expression and circulating FGF21 protein levels, which were associated with increased hepatic PPARα expression and fecal butyrate concentration. In addition, HFDIH-induced hepatic fat accumulation and apoptosis were significantly reduced by LGGs supplementation. In summary, LGGs treatment increased energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity and prevented metabolic abnormalities in HFDIH mice, and this is associated with the FGF21-adiponectin signaling pathway. LGGs may be a potential prevention/treatment strategy in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zelin Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Tuo Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Guangyao Zhou
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chengwei Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Robley Rex VA medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yiping Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Caixeta LS, Giesy SL, Krumm CS, Perfield JW, Butterfield A, Boisclair YR. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) administration to early-lactating dairy cows. II. Pharmacokinetics, whole-animal performance, and lipid metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11597-11608. [PMID: 31548064 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows cope with severe energy insufficiency in early lactation by engaging in intense and sustained mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. An unwanted side effect of this adaptation is excessive lipid accumulation in the liver, which in turn impairs hepatic functions. Mice experiencing increased hepatic fatty acid flux are protected from this condition through coordinated actions of the newly described hormone fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) on liver and adipose tissue. The possibility of an analogous role for FGF21 in dairy cows is suggested by its rapid increase in plasma levels around parturition followed by chronically elevated levels in the first few weeks of lactation. To test this hypothesis, dairy cows were randomly assigned on d 12.6 ± 2.2 (± standard error) of lactation to receive either an excipient (control; n = 6) or recombinant human FGF21 (n = 7), first as an FGF21 bolus of 3 mg/kg of body weight (BW) followed 2 d later by a constant i.v. infusion of FGF21 at a rate of 6.3 mg/kg of metabolic BW for 9 consecutive days. After bolus administration, human FGF21 circulated with a half-life of 194 min, and its constant infusion increased total plasma concentration 117-fold over levels in excipient-infused cows. The FGF21 treatment had no effect on voluntary feed intake, milk yield, milk energy output, or net energy balance measured over the 9-d infusion or on final BW. Plasma fatty acids circulated at lower concentrations in the FGF21 group than in the control group for the 8-h period following bolus administration, but this reduction was not significant during the period of constant i.v. infusion. Treatment with FGF21 caused a 50% reduction in triglyceride content in liver biopsies taken at the end of the constant i.v. infusion without altering the mRNA abundance of key genes involved in the transport, acyl coenzyme A activation, or oxidation of fatty acids. In contrast, FGF21 treatment ablated the recovery of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 seen in control cows during the 9-d i.v. infusion period despite a tendency for higher plasma growth hormone. This effect was associated with increased hepatic mRNA abundance of the intracellular inhibitor of growth hormone receptor trafficking, LEPROT. Overall, these data confirm the ability of FGF21 to reduce lipid accumulation in bovine liver and suggest the possibility that FGF21 does so by attenuating the hepatic influx of adipose tissue-derived fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Caixeta
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S L Giesy
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - C S Krumm
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J W Perfield
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - A Butterfield
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - Y R Boisclair
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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93
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Li CX, Gao JG, Wan XY, Chen Y, Xu CF, Feng ZM, Zeng H, Lin YM, Ma H, Xu P, Yu CH, Li YM. Allyl isothiocyanate ameliorates lipid accumulation and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via the Sirt1/AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5120-5133. [PMID: 31558861 PMCID: PMC6747284 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i34.5120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a classic anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic agent, was recently identified as a potential treatment for obesity and insulin resistance. However, little is known about its direct impact on the liver.
AIM To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of AITC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (commonly referred to as NAFLD).
METHODS To establish a mouse and cellular model of NAFLD, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 wk, and AML-12 cells were treated with 200 μM palmitate acid for 24 h. For AITC treatment, mice were administered AITC (100 mg/kg/d) orally and AML-12 cells were treated with AITC (20 μmol/L).
RESULTS AITC significantly ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in vivo. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were markedly reduced in AITC-treated mice. Mechanistically, AITC significantly downregulated the protein levels of sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1 (SREBP1) and its lipogenesis target genes and upregulated the levels of proteins involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as the upstream mediators Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), in the livers of HFD-fed mice. AITC also attenuated the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Consistently, AITC relieved palmitate acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in AML-12 cells in vitro through the Sirt1/AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Importantly, further studies showed that the curative effect of AITC on lipid accumulation was abolished by siRNA-mediated knockdown of either Sirt1 or AMPKα in AML-12 cells.
CONCLUSION AITC significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation by activating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, AITC is a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing-Yong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze-Min Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Han Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao-Hui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You-Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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94
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Effect of resveratrol on adipokines and myokines involved in fat browning: Perspectives in healthy weight against obesity. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104411. [PMID: 31449976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a globally widespread metabolic disorder, characterized by immoderate fat accumulation in the body. There are different types of body fats such as white adipose tissue (WAT), which stores surplus energy in the body, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) which utilize energy to produce heat during metabolism. BAT acts many beneficial functions in metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recent studies have investigated methods for promoting the fat browning process of WAT in obesity because of various reasons such as the improvement of insulin resistance, and weight loss. Among natural polyphenolic compounds, resveratrol has been highlighted due to its anti-oxidant and anti-obesity as well as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer properties. Recent studies have paid a lot of attention to that resveratrol may act as a fat browning activator, involved in the secretion of many myokines and adipokines. Here, we reviewed the role of resveratrol in fat browning and also the association between resveratrol and adipokines/myokines in the fat browning process. Our review may provide novel insight into the role of resveratrol in fat browning, leading to the maintenance of a healthy weight against obesity.
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95
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Abstract
Studies have linked obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Their relationship to the incidence and progression of these disease states suggests an interconnected pathogenesis involving chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome represents comorbidities of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, atherosclerotic CVD and neurodegenerative disease. As the socioeconomic burden for these diseases has grown signficantly with an increasing elderly population, new and alternative pharmacologic solutions for these cardiometabolic diseases are required. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver are central endocrine organs that regulate inflammation, energy and metabolic homeostasis, and the neuroendocrine axis through synthesis and secretion of adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines, respectively. These organokines affect each other and communicate through various endocrine, paracrine and autocrine pathways. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of organ crosstalk. This will include the roles of novel organokines in normal physiologic regulation and their pathophysiological effect in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, CVD, NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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96
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Fan L, Xu H, Yang R, Zang Y, Chen J, Qin H. Combination of Capsaicin and Capsiate Induces Browning in 3T3-L1 White Adipocytes via Activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ/β 3-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6232-6240. [PMID: 31075194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and molecular mechanism of a combination of capsaicin and capsiate on promoting lipid metabolism and inducing browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. The combination significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in adipocytes ( p = 0.019) and robustly improved lipid metabolic profiles, including decreased triacylglycerol (0.6703 ± 0.0385 versus 0.2849 ± 0.0188 mmol/g of protein; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (0.1282 ± 0.0241 versus 0.0651 ± 0.0178 mmol/g of protein; p = 0.003), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.0021 ± 0.0017 versus 0.0005 ± 0.0002 mmol/g of protein; p = 0.024) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.0162 ± 0.0141 versus 0.1002 ± 0.0167 mmol/g of protein; p = 0.012). Furthermore, this combination markedly upgraded the protein levels of cluster of differentiation 36 ( p = 0.007) and adipose triglyceride lipase ( p = 0.013) and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase at Ser660, Ser565, and Ser563 ( p < 0.001, p = 0.027, and p = 0.002, respectively), indicating increases of fatty acid transport and lipolysis. The levels of lipid metabolism regulators, phosphorylation of adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinases α and β ( p = 0.011, and p < 0.001, respectively), sirtuin 1 ( p = 0.004), and vanilloid transient receptor subtype I ( p = 0.014) were also increased by the combination. Moreover, the combination greatly activated the browning program in adipocytes, as demonstrated by increases in beige-specific gene and protein. Further research found that the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; p = 0.001) and β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR; p = 0.026) were elevated by the combination, and most of the beige-specific markers were abolished by pretreatment of antagonists of PPARγ or β3-AR. In conclusion, these results indicated that a combination of capsaicin and capsiate could induce browning in white adipocytes via activation of the PPARγ/β3-AR signaling pathway, and this combination might be worth investigating as a potential cure for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rengui Yang
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Changsha , Hunan 410004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Chen
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Changsha , Hunan 410004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
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97
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Hong T, Ge Z, Zhang B, Meng R, Zhu D, Bi Y. Erythropoietin suppresses hepatic steatosis and obesity by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and upregulating fibroblast growth factor 21. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:469-478. [PMID: 31173165 PMCID: PMC6605699 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), known primarily for its role in erythropoiesis, was recently reported to play a beneficial role in regulating lipid metabolism; however, the underlying mechanism through which EPO decreases hepatic lipid accumulation requires further investigation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may contribute to the progression of hepatic steatosis. The present study investigated the effects of EPO on regulating ER stress in fatty liver. It was demonstrated that EPO inhibited hepatic ER stress and steatosis in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, these beneficial effects were abrogated in liver-specific sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-knockout mice compared with wild-type littermates. In addition, in palmitate-treated hepatocytes, small interfering RNA-mediated SIRT1 silencing suppressed the effects of EPO on lipid-induced ER stress. Additionally, EPO stimulated hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression and secretion in a SIRT1-dependent manner in mice. Furthermore, the sensitivity of hepatocytes from obese mice to FGF21 was restored following treatment with EPO. Collectively, the results of the present study revealed a new mechanism underlying the regulation of hepatic ER stress and FGF21 expression induced by EPO; thus, EPO may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of fatty liver and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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98
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Okabe K, Yaku K, Tobe K, Nakagawa T. Implications of altered NAD metabolism in metabolic disorders. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:34. [PMID: 31078136 PMCID: PMC6511662 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important coenzyme that participates in various energy metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, β-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides, it is a required cofactor for post-translational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation and deacetylation by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuins, respectively. Thus, NAD regulates energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, and stress response through these enzymes. Numerous studies have shown that NAD levels decrease with aging and under disturbed nutrient conditions, such as obesity. Additionally, a decline in NAD levels is closely related to the development of various metabolic disorders, including diabetes and fatty liver disease. In addition, many studies have revealed that administration of NAD precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), efficiently increase NAD levels in various tissues and prevent such metabolic diseases. These NAD precursors are contained in natural foods, such as cow milk, vegetables, and meats. Therefore, altered NAD metabolism can be a practical target for nutritional intervention. Recently, several human clinical trials using NAD precursors have been conducted to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy against metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the implications of NAD metabolism in metabolic diseases and discuss the outcomes of recent human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
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Yang F, Li B, Yang Y, Huang M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Pan Y, Tian S, Wu Y, Wang L, Yang L. Leptin enhances glycolysis via OPA1-mediated mitochondrial fusion to promote mesenchymal stem cell survival. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:301-312. [PMID: 31115489 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is emerging as a potential therapy for cardiovascular diseases. However, the poor survival of transplanted MSCs is a major obstacle to improving their clinical efficacy. Accumulating evidence indicates that hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) can improve the survival of MSCs. It has been previously reported that leptin plays a critical role in HPC‑enhanced MSC survival through increasing optic atrophy 1 (OPA1)‑dependent mitochondrial fusion. Survival of MSCs mainly relies on glycolysis as an energy source. The close relationship between leptin and glucose homeostasis has attracted intense scientific interest. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) are associated with alterations in glycolysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether leptin increases MSC survival through metabolic regulation. Leptin‑modulated increased OPA1 expression was found to be associated with increased glycolysis. However, the glycolytic efficacy of leptin was abrogated after silencing OPA1 using a selective siRNA, suggesting that OPA1 directly regulates glycolysis. Furthermore, the activation of sodium‑glucose symporter 1 (SGLT1) was markedly induced by leptin. However, leptin‑induced glycolysis was primarily blocked by SGLT1 inhibitor treatment. Thus, leptin regulates OPA1‑dependent glycolysis to improve MSC survival primarily through SGLT1 activation. We therefore identified a pivotal leptin/OPA1/SGLT1 signaling pathway for mitochondrial dynamic‑mediated glycolysis, which may optimize the therapeutic efficiency of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yongyao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Huang
- Xixiu District People's Hospital, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Shui Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yueting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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The edible native Australian fruit, Davidson’s plum (Davidsonia pruriens), reduces symptoms in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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