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Lee J, Hwang H, Kim S, Hwang J, Yoon J, Yin D, Choi SI, Kim YH, Kim YS, An HJ. Comprehensive Profiling of Surface Gangliosides Extracted from Various Cell Lines by LC-MS/MS. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111323. [PMID: 31717732 PMCID: PMC6912501 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides act as a surface marker at the outer cellular membrane and play key roles in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Despite the biological importance of gangliosides, they have been still poorly characterized due to the lack of effective analytical tools. Herein, we performed molecular profiling and structural elucidation of intact gangliosides in various cell lines including CFPAC1, A549, NCI-H358, MCF7, and Caski. We identified and quantified a total of 76 gangliosides on cell membrane using C18 LC-MS/MS. Gangliosides found in each cell line exhibited high complexity and diversity both qualitatively and quantitatively. The most abundant species was GM3(d34:1) in CFPAC1, NCI-H358, and MCF7, while GM2(d34:1) and GM1(d34:1) were major components in A549 and Caski, respectively. Notably, glycan moieties showed more diversity between cancer cell lines than ceramide moieties. In addition, noncancerous pancreatic cell line (hTERT/HPNE) could be distinguished by gangliosides containing different levels of sialic acid compared with cancerous pancreatic cell line (CFPAC1). These results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of our analytical platform to comprehensive profile of cell surface gangliosides for identifying cell types and subgrouping cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jua Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Heeyoun Hwang
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si 28119, Korea;
| | - Sumin Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaeyun Hwang
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaekyung Yoon
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Dongtan Yin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sun Il Choi
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.I.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.I.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yong-Sam Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-8552
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Funcke JB, Scherer PE. Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1648-1684. [PMID: 31209153 PMCID: PMC6795086 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r094060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (adipokines) have been identified since then, and much has been learned about how adipose tissue communicates with other organs of the body to maintain systemic homeostasis. Beyond proteins, additional factors, such as lipids, metabolites, noncoding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by adipose tissue participate in this process. Here, we review the diverse signaling mediators and mechanisms adipose tissue utilizes to relay information to other organs. We discuss recently identified adipokines (proteins, lipids, and metabolites) and briefly outline the contributions of noncoding RNAs and EVs to the ever-increasing complexities of adipose tissue inter-organ communication. We conclude by reflecting on central aspects of adipokine biology, namely, the contribution of distinct adipose tissue depots and cell types to adipokine secretion, the phenomenon of adipokine resistance, and the capacity of adipose tissue to act both as a source and sink of signaling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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53
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Yager EJ, Konan KV. Sphingolipids as Potential Therapeutic Targets against Enveloped Human RNA Viruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100912. [PMID: 31581580 PMCID: PMC6832137 DOI: 10.3390/v11100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several notable human diseases are caused by enveloped RNA viruses: influenza, AIDS, hepatitis C, dengue hemorrhagic fever, microcephaly, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Being enveloped, the life cycle of this group of viruses is critically dependent on host lipid biosynthesis. Viral binding and entry involve interactions between viral envelope glycoproteins and cellular receptors localized to lipid-rich regions of the plasma membrane. Subsequent infection by these viruses leads to reorganization of cellular membranes and lipid metabolism to support the production of new viral particles. Recent work has focused on defining the involvement of specific lipid classes in the entry, genome replication assembly, and viral particle formation of these viruses in hopes of identifying potential therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of disease. In this review, we will highlight the role of host sphingolipids in the lifecycle of several medically important enveloped RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Yager
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Kouacou V Konan
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208-3479, USA.
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54
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Link-Lenczowski P, Jastrzębska M, Chwalenia K, Pierzchalska M, Leja-Szpak A, Bonior J, Pierzchalski P, Jaworek J. A switch of N-glycosylation of proteome and secretome during differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118555. [PMID: 31499077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium depends on the complex process of epithelial cells differentiation, which repeatedly continues throughout the entire life. Many studies suggest, that cellular differentiation is regulated by glycosylation, or at least that changes of the latter are the hallmark of the process. The detailed description and understanding of this relationship are important in the context of gastrointestinal tract disease, including cancer. Here we employ a broadly used in vitro model of intestinal cell differentiation to track the glycosylation changes in details. We analyzed the glycoproteome- and glycosecretome-derived N-glycomes of undifferentiated Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells and Caco-2-derived enterocyte-like cells. We used HILIC-HPLC and MALDI-ToF-MS approach together with exoglycosidases digestions to describe qualitative and quantitative N-glycosylation changes upon differentiation. Derived glycan traits analysis revealed, that differentiation results in substantial upregulation of sialylation of glycoproteome and increment of fucosylation within glycosecretome. This was also clearly visible when we analyzed the abundances of individual glycan species. Moreover, we observed the characteristic shift within oligomannose N-glycans, suggesting the augmentation of mannose trimming, resulting in downregulation of H8N2 and upregulation of H5N2 glycan. This was supported by elevated expression of Golgi alpha-mannosidases (especially MAN1C1). We hypothesize, that intensified mannose trimming at the initial steps of N-glycosylation pathway during differentiation, together with the remodeling of the expression of key glycosyltransferases leads to increased diversity of N-glycans and enhanced fucosylation and sialylation of complex structures. Finally, we propose H4N5F1 glycan as a potential biomarker of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Martyna Jastrzębska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chwalenia
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Leja-Szpak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Santos-Silva A, Piña-Rodrigues FM, Mermelstein CDS, Allodi S, Barradas PC, Cavalcante LA. A role for gangliosides and β1-integrin in the motility of olfactory ensheathing glia. J Anat 2019; 235:977-983. [PMID: 31373393 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) are found in the olfactory mucosa, nerve and bulb, and provide in vivo ensheathment for the unmyelinated olfactory axons within the central and peripheral nervous system domains. OEG cells are able to migrate long distances within the neuropil of the central nervous system. Because gangliosides such as 9-O-acetyl GD3 have crucial regulatory roles in neuronal migration during development, we analyzed whether OEG in organotypical cultures are revealed by anti-9-O-acetyl GD3 and/or gangliosides are recognized by the A2B5 antibody (G-A2B5), and whether these gangliosides are involved in OEG migration. Our results showed that all OEG migrating out of a section of olfactory bulb onto a laminin substrate bound to the 9-O-acetyl GD3 and A2B5 antibodies, and that 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase) colocalized with 9-O-acetyl GD3 and with G-A2B5. Additionally, we showed that the immune blockade of 9-O-acetyl GD3 or G-A2B5 reduced the migration of OEG on laminin, and that 9-O-acetyl GD3 and G-A2B5 colocalized with the β1-integrin subunit. We also confirmed the phenotype of in-vitro-grown OEG cells derived from adult rats, showing that they express CNPase, and also α-smooth muscle actin, which is not expressed by Schwann cells. Our data showed that the gangliosides 9-O-acetyl GD3 and G-A2B5 participate in the migratory activity of OEG cells, and that the β1-integrin subunit colocalizes with these gangliosides. These results suggest a new role for β1-integrin and gangliosides in the polarized migration of OEG cells, and provide new information on the molecules controlling OEG motility and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Santos-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, , Brazil
| | - Felipe Márquez Piña-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Allodi
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Penha C Barradas
- Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, , Brazil
| | - Leny A Cavalcante
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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56
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Wheeler S, Haberkant P, Bhardwaj M, Tongue P, Ferraz MJ, Halter D, Sprong H, Schmid R, Aerts JM, Sullo N, Sillence DJ. Cytosolic glucosylceramide regulates endolysosomal function in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:242-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Rakhshandehroo M, van Eijkeren RJ, Gabriel TL, de Haar C, Gijzel SMW, Hamers N, Ferraz MJ, Aerts JMFG, Schipper HS, van Eijk M, Boes M, Kalkhoven E. Adipocytes harbor a glucosylceramide biosynthesis pathway involved in iNKT cell activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1157-1167. [PMID: 31051284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer T (NKT) cells in adipose tissue (AT) contribute to whole body energy homeostasis. RESULTS Inhibition of the glucosylceramide synthesis in adipocytes impairs iNKT cell activity. CONCLUSION Glucosylceramide biosynthesis pathway is important for endogenous lipid antigen activation of iNKT cells in adipocytes. SIGNIFICANCE Unraveling adipocyte-iNKT cell communication may help to fight obesity-induced AT dysfunction. Overproduction and/or accumulation of ceramide and ceramide metabolites, including glucosylceramides, can lead to insulin resistance. However, glucosylceramides also fulfill important physiological functions. They are presented by antigen presenting cells (APC) as endogenous lipid antigens via CD1d to activate a unique lymphocyte subspecies, the CD1d-restricted invariant (i) natural killer T (NKT) cells. Recently, adipocytes have emerged as lipid APC that can activate adipose tissue-resident iNKT cells and thereby contribute to whole body energy homeostasis. Here we investigate the role of the glucosylceramide biosynthesis pathway in the activation of iNKT cells by adipocytes. UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (Ugcg), the first rate limiting step in the glucosylceramide biosynthesis pathway, was inhibited via chemical compounds and shRNA knockdown in vivo and in vitro. β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (B4Galt) 5 and 6, enzymes that convert glucosylceramides into potentially inactive lactosylceramides, were subjected to shRNA knock down. Subsequently, (pre)adipocyte cell lines were tested in co-culture experiments with iNKT cells (IFNγ and IL4 secretion). Inhibition of Ugcg activity shows that it regulates presentation of a considerable fraction of lipid self-antigens in adipocytes. Furthermore, reduced expression levels of either B4Galt5 or -6, indicate that B4Galt5 is dominant in the production of cellular lactosylceramides, but that inhibition of either enzyme results in increased iNKT cell activation. Additionally, in vivo inhibition of Ugcg by the aminosugar AMP-DNM results in decreased iNKT cell effector function in adipose tissue. Inhibition of endogenous glucosylceramide production results in decreased iNKT cells activity and cytokine production, underscoring the role of this biosynthetic pathway in lipid self-antigen presentation by adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rakhshandehroo
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J van Eijkeren
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tanit L Gabriel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Colin de Haar
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne M W Gijzel
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Hamers
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria J Ferraz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henk S Schipper
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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van Echten-Deckert G, Alam S. Sphingolipid metabolism - an ambiguous regulator of autophagy in the brain. Biol Chem 2019; 399:837-850. [PMID: 29908127 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the brain exhibits the highest lipid content in the body next to adipose tissue. Complex sphingolipids are characteristic compounds of neuronal membranes. Vital neural functions including information flux and transduction occur along these membranes. It is therefore not surprising that neuronal function and survival is dependent on the metabolism of these lipids. Autophagy is a critical factor for the survival of post-mitotic neurons. On the one hand, it fulfils homeostatic and waste-recycling functions and on the other hand, it constitutes an effective strategy to eliminate harmful proteins that cause neuronal death. A growing number of experimental data indicate that several sphingolipids as well as enzymes catalyzing their metabolic transformations efficiently but very differently affect neuronal autophagy and hence survival. This review attempts to elucidate the roles and mechanisms of sphingolipid metabolism with regard to the regulation of autophagy and its consequences for brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild van Echten-Deckert
- LIMES Institute, Unit Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute of the University Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Shah Alam
- LIMES Institute, Unit Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute of the University Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Elevated peritoneal fluid ceramides in human endometriosis-associated infertility and their effects on mouse oocyte maturation. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:767-777.e5. [PMID: 30196975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the peritoneal fluid (PF) sphingolipid profile in endometriosis-associated infertility (EAI), and to assess the plausible functional role(s) of ceramides in oocyte maturation potential. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study and in vitro mouse oocyte study. SETTING University-affiliated hospital and university laboratory. SUBJECTS Twenty-seven infertile patients diagnosed with endometriosis and 20 infertile patients who did not have endometriosis; BALB/c female mice. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) PF sphingolipid concentrations. Number of metaphase II (MII) mouse oocytes. RESULT(S) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed 11 significantly elevated PF sphingolipids in infertile women with severe endometriosis compared with infertile women without endometriosis (change >50%, false discovery rate ≤10%). Logistic regression analysis identified three very-long-chain ceramides potentially associated with EAI. Functional studies revealed that very-long-chain ceramides may compromise or induce murine MII oocyte maturation. The oocyte maturation effects induced by the very long-chain ceramides were triggered by alterations in mitochondrial superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide reversed the maturation effects of C24:0 ceramide. CONCLUSION(S) EAI is associated with accumulation of PF very-long-chain ceramides. Mouse studies demonstrated how ceramides affect MII oocyte maturation, mediating through mitochondrial superoxide. These results provide an opportunity for direct functional readout of pathophysiology in EAI, and future therapies targeted at this sphingolipid metabolism may be harnessed for improved oocyte maturation.
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Pasquel-Dávila DS, Yanez-Vaca SA, Espinosa-Hidalgo ND, Cuadros Buenaventura EG. Gangliosides generalities and role in cancer therapies. BIONATURA 2019. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/cs/2019.02.01.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are located in the plasma membrane; this confers them the ability to interact with other molecules in order to participate in important cellular processes. Some gangliosides presence or absence in the cell surface is associated with either normal condition or pathologies. Particularly in cancer, gangliosides play a critical role in pathological events like cellular malignancy, tumor formation, and metastasis, defining gangliosides as good candidates to be used as cellular markers. When specific gangliosides are exhibited, immunotherapy could be applied in order to inhibit tumorigenesis or induce an immunogenic response. Novel cancer treatments such as NGcGM3/VSSP vaccines, valproic acid, BMS-345541 inhibitor of GD2 and immunotherapies using 1E10 and 14F7 monoclonal antibodies are described. On this review, there will be studied the gangliosides that allowed developing biological techniques that can give immunogenicity to cancer cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina A. Yanez-Vaca
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí – Ecuador
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61
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Kol M, Williams B, Toombs-Ruane H, Franquelim HG, Korneev S, Schroeer C, Schwille P, Trauner D, Holthuis JC, Frank JA. Optical manipulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis using photoswitchable ceramides. eLife 2019; 8:43230. [PMID: 30720434 PMCID: PMC6386522 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are central intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism that also function as potent messengers in stress signaling and apoptosis. Progress in understanding how ceramides execute their biological roles is hampered by a lack of methods to manipulate their cellular levels and metabolic fate with appropriate spatiotemporal precision. Here, we report on clickable, azobenzene-containing ceramides, caCers, as photoswitchable metabolic substrates to exert optical control over sphingolipid production in cells. Combining atomic force microscopy on model bilayers with metabolic tracing studies in cells, we demonstrate that light-induced alterations in the lateral packing of caCers lead to marked differences in their metabolic conversion by sphingomyelin synthase and glucosylceramide synthase. These changes in metabolic rates are instant and reversible over several cycles of photoswitching. Our findings disclose new opportunities to probe the causal roles of ceramides and their metabolic derivatives in a wide array of sphingolipid-dependent cellular processes with the spatiotemporal precision of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Kol
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ben Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Toombs-Ruane
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sergei Korneev
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Schroeer
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Joost Cm Holthuis
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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Momma D, Onodera T, Homan K, Matsubara S, Sasazawa F, Furukawa J, Matsuoka M, Yamashita T, Iwasaki N. Coordinated existence of multiple gangliosides is required for cartilage metabolism. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:314-325. [PMID: 30471358 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gangliosides, ubiquitously existing membrane components that modulate transmembrane signaling and mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions, are key molecules of inflammatory and neurological disorders. However, the functions of gangliosides in the cartilage degradation process remain unclear. We investigated the functional role of gangliosides in cartilage metabolism related to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. DESIGN We generated knockout (KO) mice by targeting the β1, 4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAcT) gene, which encodes an enzyme of major gangliosides synthesis, and the GD3 synthase (GD3S) gene, which encodes an enzyme of partial gangliosides synthesis. In vivo OA and in vitro cartilage degradation models were used to evaluate the effect of gangliosides on the cartilage degradation process. RESULTS The GalNAcT and GD3S KO mice developed and grew normally; nevertheless, OA changes in these mice were enhanced with aging. The GalNAcT KO mice showed significantly enhanced OA progression compared to GD3S mice in vivo. Both GalNAcT and GD3S KO mice showed severe IL-1α-induced cartilage degradation ex vivo. Phosphorylation of MAPKs was enhanced in both GalNAcT and GD3S KOs after IL-1α stimulation. Gangliosides modulated by GalNAcT or GD3S rescued an increase of MMP-13 induced by IL-1α in mice lacking GalNAcT or GD3S after exogenous replenishment in vitro. CONCLUSION These data show that the deletion of gangliosides in mice enhanced OA development. Moreover, the gangliosides modulated by GalNAcT are important for cartilage metabolism, suggesting that GalNAcT is a potential target molecule for the development of novel OA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Momma
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - T Onodera
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - K Homan
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - S Matsubara
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - F Sasazawa
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - J Furukawa
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - M Matsuoka
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - T Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Azabu University, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - N Iwasaki
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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63
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Yamaji T, Sekizuka T, Tachida Y, Sakuma C, Morimoto K, Kuroda M, Hanada K. A CRISPR Screen Identifies LAPTM4A and TM9SF Proteins as Glycolipid-Regulating Factors. iScience 2019; 11:409-424. [PMID: 30660999 PMCID: PMC6348303 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are produced by various GSL-synthesizing enzymes, but post-translational regulation of these enzymes is incompletely understood. To address this knowledge disparity, we focused on biosynthesis of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), the Shiga toxin (STx) receptor, and performed a genome-wide CRISPR/CAS9 knockout screen in HeLa cells using STx1-mediated cytotoxicity. We identified various genes including sphingolipid-related genes and membrane-trafficking genes. In addition, we found two proteins, LAPTM4A and TM9SF2, for which physiological roles remain elusive. Disruption of either LAPTM4A or TM9SF2 genes reduced Gb3 biosynthesis, resulting in accumulation of its precursor, lactosylceramide. Loss of LAPTM4A decreased endogenous Gb3 synthase activity in a post-transcriptional mechanism, whereas loss of TM9SF2 did not affect Gb3 synthase activity but instead disrupted localization of Gb3 synthase. Furthermore, the Gb3-regulating activity of TM9SF2 was conserved in the TM9SF family. These results provide mechanistic insight into the post-translational regulation of the activity and localization of Gb3 synthase. Genome-wide CRISPR knockout screening using Shiga toxin-induced cell death Both LAPTM4A and TM9SF2 are required for Gb3 biosynthesis Loss of LAPTM4A reduces Gb3 synthase activity post-transcriptionally TM9SF2 regulates the subcellular localization of Gb3 synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tachida
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Chisato Sakuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kanta Morimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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64
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Russo D, Capolupo L, Loomba JS, Sticco L, D'Angelo G. Glycosphingolipid metabolism in cell fate specification. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/24/jcs219204. [PMID: 30559216 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic plasma membranes that consist of a ceramide backbone linked to a glycan moiety. Both the ceramide and the glycan parts of GSLs display structural variations that result in a remarkable repertoire of diverse compounds. This diversity of GSLs is exploited during embryogenesis, when different GSLs are produced at specific developmental stages and along several differentiation trajectories. Importantly, plasma membrane receptors interact with GSLs to modify their activities. Consequently, two otherwise identical cells can respond differently to the same stimulus owing to their different GSL composition. The metabolic reprograming of GSLs is in fact a necessary part of developmental programs, as its impairment results in developmental failure or tissue-specific defects. Moreover, single-cell variability is emerging as a fundamental player in development: GSL composition displays cell-to-cell variability in syngeneic cell populations owing to the regulatory gene expression circuits involved in microenvironment adaptation and in differentiation. Here, we discuss how GSLs are synthesized and classified and review the role of GSLs in the establishment and maintenance of cell identity. We further highlight the existence of the regulatory circuits that modify GSL pathways and speculate how GSL heterogeneity might contribute to developmental patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Russo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Capolupo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaipreet Singh Loomba
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Sticco
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy .,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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65
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Xu H, Boucher FR, Nguyen TT, Taylor GP, Tomlinson JJ, Ortega RA, Simons B, Schlossmacher MG, Saunders-Pullman R, Shaw W, Bennett SAL. DMS as an orthogonal separation to LC/ESI/MS/MS for quantifying isomeric cerebrosides in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:200-211. [PMID: 30413651 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d089797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrosides, including glucosylceramides (GlcCers) and galactosylceramides (GalCers), are important membrane components of animal cells with deficiencies resulting in devastating lysosomal storage disorders. Their quantification is essential for disease diagnosis and a better understanding of disease mechanisms. The simultaneous quantification of GlcCer and GalCer isomers is, however, particularly challenging due to their virtually identical structures. To address this challenge, we developed a new LC/MS-based method using differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) capable of rapidly and reproducibly separating and quantifying isomeric cerebrosides in a single run. We show that this LC/ESI/DMS/MS/MS method exhibits robust quantitative performance within an analyte concentration range of 2.8-355 nM. We further report the simultaneous quantification of nine GlcCers (16:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:1, 24:0, 25:0, and 26:0) and five GalCers (16:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:1, and 24:0) molecular species in human plasma, as well as six GalCers (18:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:1, 24:0 and 25:0) and two GlcCers (24:1 and 24:0) in human cerebrospinal fluid. Our method expands the potential of DMS technology in the field of glycosphingolipid analysis for both biomarker discovery and drug screening by enabling the unambiguous assignment and quantification of cerebroside lipid species in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Xu
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Thao T Nguyen
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graeme P Taylor
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julianna J Tomlinson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Walt Shaw
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL
| | - Steffany A L Bennett
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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66
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Abstract
Gangliosides comprise a varied family of glycosphingolipid structures bearing one or more sialic acid residues. They are found in all mammalian tissues but are most abundant in the brain, where they represent the quantitatively major class of sialoglycans. As prominent molecular determinants on cell surfaces, they function as molecular-recognition partners for diverse glycan-binding proteins ranging from bacterial toxins to endogenous cell-cell adhesion molecules. Gangliosides also regulate the activity of plasma membrane proteins, including protein tyrosine kinases, by lateral association in the same membranes in which they reside. Their roles in molecular recognition and membrane protein regulation implicate gangliosides in human physiology and pathology, including infectious diseases, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The varied structures and biosynthetic pathways of gangliosides are presented here, along with representative examples of their biological functions in health and disease.
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67
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Wegner MS, Schömel N, Gruber L, Örtel SB, Kjellberg MA, Mattjus P, Kurz J, Trautmann S, Peng B, Wegner M, Kaulich M, Ahrends R, Geisslinger G, Grösch S. UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase activates AKT, promoted proliferation, and doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3393-3410. [PMID: 29549423 PMCID: PMC11105721 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of glycosylated sphingolipids, since this enzyme generates the precursor for all complex glycosphingolipids (GSL), the GlcCer. The UGCG has been associated with several cancer-related processes such as maintaining cancer stem cell properties or multidrug resistance induction. The precise mechanisms underlying these processes are unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms occurring after UGCG overexpression in breast cancer cells. We observed alterations of several cellular properties such as morphological changes, which enhanced proliferation and doxorubicin resistance in UGCG overexpressing MCF-7 cells. These cellular effects seem to be mediated by an altered composition of glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (GEMs), especially an accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which leads to an activation of Akt and ERK1/2. The induction of the Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathway results in an increased gene expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and anti-apoptotic genes and a decrease of pro-apoptotic gene expression. Inhibition of the protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) reduced MDR1 gene expression. This study discloses how changes in UGCG expression impact several cellular signaling pathways in breast cancer cells resulting in enhanced proliferation and multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nina Schömel
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Gruber
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Beatrice Örtel
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matti Aleksi Kjellberg
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, III, BioCity, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, III, BioCity, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jennifer Kurz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bing Peng
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS e. V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS e. V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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68
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Yoshihara T, Satake H, Nishie T, Okino N, Hatta T, Otani H, Naruse C, Suzuki H, Sugihara K, Kamimura E, Tokuda N, Furukawa K, Fururkawa K, Ito M, Asano M. Lactosylceramide synthases encoded by B4galt5 and 6 genes are pivotal for neuronal generation and myelin formation in mice. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007545. [PMID: 30114188 PMCID: PMC6095488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is uncertain which β4-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT; gene name, B4galt), β4GalT-5 and/or β4GalT-6, is responsible for the production of lactosylceramide (LacCer) synthase, which functions in the initial step of ganglioside biosynthesis. Here, we generated conditional B4galt5 knockout (B4galt5 cKO) mice, using Nestin-Cre mice, and crossed these with B4galt6 KO mice to generate B4galt5 and 6 double KO (DKO) mice in the central nervous system (CNS). LacCer synthase activity and major brain gangliosides were completely absent in brain homogenates from the DKO mice, although LacCer synthase activity was about half its normal level in B4galt5 cKO mice and B4galt6 KO mice. The DKO mice were born normally but they showed growth retardation and motor deficits at 2 weeks and died by 4 weeks of age. Histological analyses showed that myelin-associated proteins were rarely found localized in axons in the cerebral cortex, and axonal and myelin formation were remarkably impaired in the spinal cords of the DKO mice. Neuronal cells, differentiated from neurospheres that were prepared from the DKO mice, showed impairments in neurite outgrowth and branch formation, which can be explained by the fact that neurospheres from DKO mice could weakly interact with laminin due to lack of gangliosides, such as GM1a. Furthermore, the neurons were immature and perineuronal nets (PNNs) were poorly formed in DKO cerebral cortices. Our results indicate that LacCer synthase is encoded by B4galt5 and 6 genes in the CNS, and that gangliosides are indispensable for neuronal maturation, PNN formation, and axonal and myelin formation. Gangliosides are membrane-bound glycosphingolipids that contain sialic acid residues and are abundant in the mammalian nervous system, suggesting that they play pivotal roles in neural functions. We generated conditional β4-galactosyltransferase-5 (B4galt5) knockout (KO) and double B4galt5/B4galt6 KO (DKO) mice to completely ablate lactosylceramide (LacCer) synthase in the central nervous system (CNS). LacCer functions in the initial step of ganglioside biosynthesis. DKO mice were born normally but showed growth retardation and motor deficits at 2 weeks and died by 4 weeks of age. Myelin-associated proteins were rarely found localized in axons in the cerebral cortex, and axonal and myelin formation were remarkably impaired in the spinal cords of DKO mice. Neurospheres prepared from DKO mice could weakly interact with laminin, probably due to the lack of gangliosides in these mice. This defect might have caused the impaired neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells from DKO mice and poor formation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) with immature neurons in the cerebral cortices of DKO mice. Our results indicate pivotal roles for gangliosides in the CNS, including neuronal maturation, PNN formation, and axonal and myelin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yoshihara
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Satake
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nishie
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Hatta
- Department of Molecular and Cell Structural Science, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Chie Naruse
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazushi Sugihara
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eikichi Kamimura
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyo Tokuda
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koichi Fururkawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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69
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Trinchera M, Parini R, Indellicato R, Domenighini R, dall'Olio F. Diseases of ganglioside biosynthesis: An expanding group of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 124:230-237. [PMID: 29983310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous congenital disorders of glycosylation concerning glycoproteins, only a single mutation in ganglioside biosynthesis had been reported until a few years ago: one in the ST3GAL5 gene, encoding GM3 synthase. More recently, additional mutations in the same gene were reported, together with several distinct mutations in the B4GALNT1 gene, encoding GM2/GD2/GA2 synthase. Patients suffering from ST3GAL5 deficiency present a devastating syndrome characterized by early onset and dramatic neurological and cognitive impairment, sometimes associated with dyspigmentation and an increased blood lactate concentration. On the other hand, B4GALNT1 mutations give rise to a form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), previously referred to as HSP26. It is characterized by the late onset of lower limb weakness and mild to moderate intellectual impairment, which is usually not progressive. In addition to the most typical signs, some patients present ocular and endocrine signs, pes cavus, and psychiatric illness. Since the nineties, mice lacking genes for single glycosyltransferases involved in ganglioside biosynthesis, including ST3GAL5 and B4GALNT1, were created and studied. The resulting phenotypes were frequently mild or very mild, so double knock-out animals were created to effectively study the function of gangliosides. The main clinical and biochemical features of patients suffering from GM3 synthase or GM2/GD2/GA2 synthase deficiency, compared with the phenotypes described in mice that are null for single or multiple glycosyltransferase genes, provide suggestions to improve the recognition of novel mutations and potentially related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Rossella Parini
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Rossella Indellicato
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Ruben Domenighini
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Ishii T, Miyauchi K, Nitta Y, Kaneko K, Maruyama T, Sato T. Mechanism for Decreased Gene Expression of β4-Galactosyltransferase 5 upon Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Mouse Preadipocytes to Adipocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1463-1470. [PMID: 29984736 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Upon differentiation of cells, remarkable changes in the structures of glycans linked to lipids on cell surface have been observed. Lactosylceramide (Lac-Cer) serves as a common precursor for a series of glycosphingolipids with diverse structures. In the present study, we examined the underlying mechanism for the biosynthesis of Lac-Cer upon differentiation of 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes to adipocytes. TLC analysis showed that the amounts of Lac-Cer decrease in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In accordance with this change, the gene expression level of β4-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT) 5, which was identified as Lac-Cer synthase, decreased drastically upon differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The analysis of the transcriptional mechanism of the β4GalT5 gene demonstrated that the core promoter region is identified between nucleotides -299 and -1 relative to the translational start site. During adipocyte differentiation, the expression levels and promoter activities of the β4GalT5 gene decreased dramatically. Since the Specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-binding sites in the promoter region were critical for the promoter activity, it is suggested that Sp1 plays an important role for the expression of the β4GalT5 gene in 3T3-L1 cells. The gene and protein expression of Sp1 decreased significantly upon differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Taken together, the present study suggest that the expression of the β4GalT5 gene decreases through reduced expression of the Sp1 gene and protein upon differentiation of 3T3-L1 peradipocytes to adipocytes, which may lead to the decreased amounts of Lac-Cer in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ishii
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Kana Miyauchi
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Yoshiharu Nitta
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Kazuhiro Kaneko
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Takuro Maruyama
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
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71
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Emerging concepts of ganglioside metabolism. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3835-3864. [PMID: 29802621 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and major membrane components enriched on cellular surfaces. Biosynthesis of mammalian GGs starts at the cytosolic leaflet of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes with the formation of their hydrophobic ceramide anchors. After intracellular ceramide transfer to Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN) membranes, anabolism of GGs, as well as of other GSLs, is catalyzed by membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) along the secretory pathway. Combined activity of only a few promiscuous GTs allows for the formation of cell-type-specific glycolipid patterns. Following an exocytotic vesicle flow to the cellular plasma membranes, GGs can be modified by metabolic reactions at or near the cellular surface. For degradation, GGs are endocytosed to reach late endosomes and lysosomes. Whereas membrane-spanning enzymes of the secretory pathway catalyze GSL and GG formation, a cooperation of soluble glycosidases, lipases and lipid-binding cofactors, namely the sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), act as the main players of GG and GSL catabolism at intralysosomal luminal vesicles (ILVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (G131), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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72
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Gangliosides in Inflammation and Neurodegeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:265-287. [PMID: 29747817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides play roles in the regulation of cell signaling that are mediated via membrane microdomains, lipid rafts. In this review, functions of gangliosides in the maintenance of nervous systems with a focus on regulation of inflammation and neurodegeneration are addressed. During analyses of various ganglioside-lacking mutant mice, we demonstrated that nervous tissues exhibited inflammatory reactions and subsequent neurodegeneration. Among inflammation-related genes, factors of the complement system showed up-regulation with aging. Analyses of architectures and compositions of lipid rafts in nervous tissues from these mutant mice revealed that dysfunctions of complement regulatory proteins based on disrupted lipid rafts were main factors to induce the inflammatory reactions resulting in neurodegeneration. Ganglioside changes in development and senescence, and implication of them in the integrity of cell membranes and cellular phenotypes in physiological and pathological conditions including Alzheimer disease have been summarized. Novel directions to further analyze mechanisms for ganglioside functions in membrane microdomains have been also addressed.
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73
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Monies D, Anabrees J, Ibrahim N, Elbardisy H, Abouelhoda M, Meyer BF, Alkuraya FS. Identification of a novel lethal form of autosomal recessive ichthyosis caused by UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase deficiency. Clin Genet 2018; 93:1252-1253. [PMID: 29417556 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Anabrees
- Department of Pediatrics, Arrayan Hospital, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Elbardisy
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Abouelhoda
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - B F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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74
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Wegner MS, Gruber L, Mattjus P, Geisslinger G, Grösch S. The UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG) and the link to multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1). BMC Cancer 2018; 18:153. [PMID: 29409484 PMCID: PMC5801679 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG) is a key enzyme in the sphingolipid metabolism by generating glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the precursor for all glycosphingolipids (GSL), which are essential for proper cell function. Interestingly, the UGCG is also overexpressed in several cancer types and correlates with multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) gene expression. This membrane protein is responsible for efflux of toxic substances and protects cancer cells from cell damage through chemotherapeutic agents. Studies showed a connection between UGCG and MDR1 overexpression and multidrug resistance development, but the precise underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we give an overview about the UGCG and its connection to MDR1 in multidrug resistant cells. Furthermore, we focus on UGCG transcriptional regulation, the impact of UGCG on cellular signaling pathways and the effect of UGCG and MDR1 on the lipid composition of membranes and how this could influence multidrug resistance development. To our knowledge, this is the first review presenting an overview about UGCG with focus on the relationship to MDR1 in the process of multidrug resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Lisa Gruber
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, III, BioCity, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, House 74, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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75
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Tracey TJ, Steyn FJ, Wolvetang EJ, Ngo ST. Neuronal Lipid Metabolism: Multiple Pathways Driving Functional Outcomes in Health and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:10. [PMID: 29410613 PMCID: PMC5787076 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a fundamental class of organic molecules implicated in a wide range of biological processes related to their structural diversity, and based on this can be broadly classified into five categories; fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAGs), phospholipids, sterol lipids and sphingolipids. Different lipid classes play major roles in neuronal cell populations; they can be used as energy substrates, act as building blocks for cellular structural machinery, serve as bioactive molecules, or a combination of each. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dysfunctions in lipid metabolism and function have been identified as potential drivers of pathogenesis. In particular, aberrant lipid metabolism is proposed to underlie denervation of neuromuscular junctions, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, impaired neuronal transport, cytoskeletal defects, inflammation and reduced neurotransmitter release. Here we review current knowledge of the roles of lipid metabolism and function in the CNS and discuss how modulating these pathways may offer novel therapeutic options for treating ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Tracey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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76
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Itokazu Y, Wang J, Yu RK. Gangliosides in Nerve Cell Specification. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:241-263. [PMID: 29747816 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system is generated from progenitor cells that are recognized as neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are defined as undifferentiated neural cells that are characterized by the capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. Throughout neural development, NSCs undergo proliferation, migration, and cellular differentiation, and dynamic changes are observed in the composition of carbohydrate-rich molecules, including gangliosides. Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids with essential and multifaceted functions in brain development and NSC maintenance, which reflects the complexity of brain development. Our group has pioneered research on the importance of gangliosides for growth factor receptor signaling and epigenetic regulation of ganglioside biosynthesis in NSCs. We found that GD3 is the predominant ganglioside species in NSCs (>80%) and modulates NSC proliferation by interacting with epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. In postnatal brain, GD3 is required for long-term maintenance of NSCs. Deficiency in GD3 leads to developmental and behavioral deficits, such as depression. The synthesis of GD3 is switched to the synthesis of complex, brain-type gangliosides, namely, GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b, resulting in terminal differentiation and loss of "stemness" of NSCs. In this process, GM1 is augmented by a novel GM1-modulated epigenetic gene regulation mechanism of glycosyltransferases at a later differentiation stage. Consequently, our research suggests that stage-specific gangliosides play specific roles in maintaining NSC activities and in cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.
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77
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Moskot M, Bocheńska K, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Banecki B, Gabig-Cimińska M. Abnormal Sphingolipid World in Inflammation Specific for Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E247. [PMID: 29342918 PMCID: PMC5796195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in recent years has shown that sphingolipids are essential signalling molecules for the proper biological and structural functioning of cells. Long-term studies on the metabolism of sphingolipids have provided evidence for their role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. As many inflammatory diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders and some dermatologic diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and ichthyoses, are associated with the altered composition and metabolism of sphingolipids, more studies precisely determining the responsibilities of these compounds for disease states are required to develop novel pharmacological treatment opportunities. It is worth emphasizing that knowledge from the study of inflammatory metabolic diseases and especially the possibility of their treatment may lead to insight into related metabolic pathways, including those involved in the formation of the epidermal barrier and providing new approaches towards workable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moskot
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kadki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bocheńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Bogdan Banecki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kadki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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78
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Sandhoff R, Schulze H, Sandhoff K. Ganglioside Metabolism in Health and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:1-62. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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79
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Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, which are abundant in mammalian brain tissue. Several fatal human diseases are caused by defects in glycolipid metabolism. Defects in their degradation lead to an accumulation of metabolites upstream of the defective reactions, whereas defects in their biosynthesis lead to diverse problems in a large number of organs.Gangliosides are primarily positioned with their ceramide anchor in the neuronal plasma membrane and the glycan head group exposed on the cell surface. Their biosynthesis starts in the endoplasmic reticulum with the formation of the ceramide anchor, followed by sequential glycosylation reactions, mainly at the luminal surface of Golgi and TGN membranes, a combinatorial process, which is catalyzed by often promiscuous membrane-bound glycosyltransferases.Thereafter, the gangliosides are transported to the plasma membrane by exocytotic membrane flow. After endocytosis, they are degraded within the endolysosomal compartments by a complex machinery of degrading enzymes, lipid-binding activator proteins, and negatively charged lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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80
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Groux-Degroote S, Rodríguez-Walker M, Dewald JH, Daniotti JL, Delannoy P. Gangliosides in Cancer Cell Signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:197-227. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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81
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Lopez PH, Báez BB. Gangliosides in Axon Stability and Regeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:383-412. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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82
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Liu J, Zhang X, Liu A, Zhang D, Su Y, Liu Y, You D, Yuan L, Kong X, Wang X, Sun P. Altered methylation of glucosylceramide synthase promoter regulates its expression and associates with acquired multidrug resistance in invasive ductal breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36755-36766. [PMID: 27191984 PMCID: PMC5095037 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) increases multidrug resistance (MDR) in many cancer cells. However, its mechanism is unknown. The aim of the present study is to detect the association of methylation at the GCS gene promoter with its expression and MDR in invasive ductal breast cancer. 40 cases GCS-positive and 40 cases GCS-negative primary breast carcinoma samples, three drug-sensitive breast cancer cell lines and one multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line were used. Immunohistochemistry, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), quantitative real-time (qPCR), westernblot and cytotoxicity assay techniques were employed. Thwe results revealed that there was a statistically negative correlation between GCS CpG islands methylation and GCS phenotype in patients with breast cancer. GCS CpG islands methylation was negatively associated with high ER, meanwhile positively with high HER-2 status. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of breast cancer cell lines. Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dc) changed the GCS promoter methylation pattern in three sensitive cells and also caused increased drug resistance of them. These results suggested that the changes of DNA methylation status of the GCS promoter correlates with multidrug resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Aina Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Daoping Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Dong You
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Leilei Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangshuo Kong
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, P. R. China
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83
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Russo D, Della Ragione F, Rizzo R, Sugiyama E, Scalabrì F, Hori K, Capasso S, Sticco L, Fioriniello S, De Gregorio R, Granata I, Guarracino MR, Maglione V, Johannes L, Bellenchi GC, Hoshino M, Setou M, D'Esposito M, Luini A, D'Angelo G. Glycosphingolipid metabolic reprogramming drives neural differentiation. EMBO J 2017; 37:embj.201797674. [PMID: 29282205 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural development is accomplished by differentiation events leading to metabolic reprogramming. Glycosphingolipid metabolism is reprogrammed during neural development with a switch from globo- to ganglio-series glycosphingolipid production. Failure to execute this glycosphingolipid switch leads to neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, indicating that glycosphingolipids are key players in this process. Nevertheless, both the molecular mechanisms that control the glycosphingolipid switch and its function in neurodevelopment are poorly understood. Here, we describe a self-contained circuit that controls glycosphingolipid reprogramming and neural differentiation. We find that globo-series glycosphingolipids repress the epigenetic regulator of neuronal gene expression AUTS2. AUTS2 in turn binds and activates the promoter of the first and rate-limiting ganglioside-producing enzyme GM3 synthase, thus fostering the synthesis of gangliosides. By this mechanism, the globo-AUTS2 axis controls glycosphingolipid reprogramming and neural gene expression during neural differentiation, which involves this circuit in neurodevelopment and its defects in neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Russo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Della Ragione
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS INM, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- International Mass Imaging Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Francesco Scalabrì
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS INM, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Kei Hori
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Serena Capasso
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Sticco
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberto De Gregorio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Granata
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario R Guarracino
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ludger Johannes
- Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery Unit, Institut Curie, INSERM U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, PSL Research University, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- International Mass Imaging Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Maurizio D'Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS INM, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy .,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-SDN, Naples, Italy
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84
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Breimer ME, Säljö K, Barone A, Teneberg S. Glycosphingolipids of human embryonic stem cells. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:713-723. [PMID: 27325407 PMCID: PMC5711972 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of human stem cell technology offers theoretically a great potential to treat various human diseases. However, to achieve this goal a large number of scientific issues remain to be solved. Cell surface carbohydrate antigens are involved in a number of biomedical phenomena that are important in clinical applications of stem cells, such as cell differentiation and immune reactivity. Due to their cell surface localization, carbohydrate epitopes are ideally suited for characterization of human pluripotent stem cells. Amongst the most commonly used markers to identify human pluripotent stem cells are the globo-series glycosphingolipids SSEA-3 and SSEA-4. However, our knowledge regarding human pluripotent stem cell glycosphingolipid expression was until recently mainly based on immunological assays of intact cells due to the very limited amounts of cell material available. In recent years the knowledge regarding glycosphingolipids in human embryonic stem cells has been extended by biochemical studies, which is the focus of this review. In addition, the distribution of the human pluripotent stem cell glycosphingolipids in human tissues, and glycosphingolipid changes during human stem cell differentiation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Breimer
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Säljö
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Angela Barone
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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85
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Popovic ZV, Rabionet M, Jennemann R, Krunic D, Sandhoff R, Gröne HJ, Porubsky S. Glucosylceramide Synthase Is Involved in Development of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:848. [PMID: 28785267 PMCID: PMC5519558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a unique population of CD1d-restricted T lymphocytes expressing an invariant T cell receptor encoded by Vα14-Jα18 and Vα24-Jα18 gene segments in mice and humans, respectively. Recognition of CD1d-loaded endogenous lipid antigen(s) on CD4/CD8-double positive (DP) thymocytes is essential for the development of iNKT cells. The lipid repertoire of DP thymocytes and the identity of the decisive endogenous lipid ligands have not yet been fully elucidated. Glycosphingolipids (GSL) were implicated to serve as endogenous ligands. However, further in vivo investigations were hampered by early embryonal lethality of mice deficient for the key GSL-synthesizing enzyme glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase [GlcCer synthase (GCS), EC 2.4.1.80]. We have now analyzed the GSL composition of DP thymocytes and shown that GlcCer represented the sole neutral GSL and the acidic fraction was composed of gangliosides. Furthermore, we report on a mouse model that by combination of Vav-promoter-driven iCre and floxed GCS alleles (VavCreGCSf/f) enabled an efficient depletion of GCS-derived GSL very early in the T cell development, reaching a reduction by 99.6% in DP thymocytes. Although the general T cell population remained unaffected by this depletion, iNKT cells were reduced by approximately 50% in thymus, spleen, and liver and showed a reduced proliferation and an increased apoptosis rate. The Vβ-chains repertoire and development of iNKT cells remained unaltered. The GSL-depletion neither interfered with expression of CD1d, SLAM, and Ly108 molecules nor impeded the antigen presentation on DP thymocytes. These results indicate that GlcCer-derived GSL, in particular GlcCer, contribute to the homeostatic development of iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran V Popovic
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mariona Rabionet
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Jennemann
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Porubsky
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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86
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Ryu JS, Ko K, Ko K, Kim JS, Kim SU, Chang KT, Choo YK. Roles of gangliosides in the differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells to neural stem cells and neural cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:987-993. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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87
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Incorporation of Fluorescence Ceramide-Based HPLC Assay for Rapidly and Efficiently Assessing Glucosylceramide Synthase In Vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2976. [PMID: 28592871 PMCID: PMC5462733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) is a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing ceramide glycosylation, thereby regulating cellular ceramide levels and the synthesis of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in cellular membranes. Alterations of GCS not only affect membrane integrity, but also closely correlate with stem cell pluripotency, cancer drug resistance, GSL storage disorders and other diseases. Enzyme activities measured conventionally with currently available ex-vivo methods do not enable reliable assessment of the roles played by GCS in vivo. We report herein a substrate-incorporation method enabling rapid and efficient assessment of GCS in-vivo activity. Upon nanoparticle-based delivery, fluorescent NBD C6-ceramide was efficiently converted to NBD C6-glucosylceramide in live cells or in mouse tissues, whereupon an HPLC assay enabled detection and quantification of NBD C6-glucosylceramide in the low-femtomolar range. The enzyme kinetics of GCS in live cells and mouse liver were well-described by the Michaelis-Menten model. GCS activities were significantly higher in drug-resistant cancer cells and in tumors overexpressing GCS, but reduced after silencing GCS expression or inhibiting this enzyme. Our studies indicate that this rapid and efficient method provides a valuable means for accurately assessing the roles played by GCS in normal vs. pathological states, including ones involving cancer drug resistance.
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88
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Groux-Degroote S, Guérardel Y, Delannoy P. Gangliosides: Structures, Biosynthesis, Analysis, and Roles in Cancer. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1146-1154. [PMID: 28295942 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are acidic glycosphingolipids containing one or more sialic acid residues. They are essential compounds at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, where they interact with phospholipids, cholesterol, and transmembrane proteins, forming lipid rafts. They are involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, and recognition processes, as well as in the modulation of signal transduction pathways. These functions are mainly governed by the glycan moiety, and changes in the structures of gangliosides occur under pathological conditions, particularly in neuro-ectoderm-derived cancers. With the progress in mass spectrometry analysis of gangliosides, their role in cancer progression can be now investigated in more detail. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of gangliosides and their role in cancers, together with the recent development of cancer immunotherapy targeting gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
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89
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von Gerichten J, Schlosser K, Lamprecht D, Morace I, Eckhardt M, Wachten D, Jennemann R, Gröne HJ, Mack M, Sandhoff R. Diastereomer-specific quantification of bioactive hexosylceramides from bacteria and mammals. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1247-1258. [PMID: 28373486 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d076190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals synthesize, cell-type specifically, the diastereomeric hexosylceramides, β-galactosylceramide (GalCer) and β-glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which are involved in several diseases, such as sphingolipidosis, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, or cancer. In contrast, Bacteroides fragilis, a member of the human gut microbiome, and the marine sponge, Agelas mauritianus, produce α-GalCer, one of the most potent stimulators for invariant natural killer T cells. To dissect the contribution of these individual stereoisomers to pathologies, we established a novel hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based LC-MS2 method and separated (R > 1.5) corresponding diastereomers from each other, independent of their lipid anchors. Testing various bacterial and mammalian samples, we could separate, identify (including the lipid anchor composition), and quantify endogenous β-GlcCer, β-GalCer, and α-GalCer isomers without additional derivatization steps. Thereby, we show a selective decrease of β-GlcCers versus β-GalCers in cell-specific models of GlcCer synthase-deficiency and an increase of specific β-GlcCers due to loss of β-glucoceramidase 2 activity. Vice versa, β-GalCer increased specifically when cerebroside sulfotransferase (Gal3st1) was deleted. We further confirm β-GalCer as substrate of globotriaosylceramide synthase for galabiaosylceramide synthesis and identify additional members of the human gut microbiome to contain immunogenic α-GalCers. Finally, this method is shown to separate corresponding hexosylsphingosine standards, promoting its applicability in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna von Gerichten
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schlosser
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Technical Microbiology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dominic Lamprecht
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ivan Morace
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Rare Diseases University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Minerva Max Planck Research Group, Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Jennemann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Technical Microbiology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany .,Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
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90
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Johannes L, Wunder C, Shafaq-Zadah M. Glycolipids and Lectins in Endocytic Uptake Processes. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:S0022-2836(16)30453-3. [PMID: 27984039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A host of endocytic processes has been described at the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Their categorization has most commonly referenced cytosolic machinery, of which the clathrin coat has occupied a preponderant position. In what concerns intra-membrane constituents, the focus of interest has been on phosphatidylinositol lipids and their capacity to orchestrate endocytic events on the cytosolic leaflet of the membrane. The contribution of extracellular determinants to the construction of endocytic pits has received much less attention, depite the fact that (glyco)sphingolipids are exoplasmic leaflet fabric of membrane domains, termed rafts, whose contributions to predominantly clathrin-independent internalization processes is well recognized. Furthermore, sugar modifications on extracellular domains of proteins, and sugar-binding proteins, termed lectins, have also been linked to the uptake of endocytic cargoes at the plasma membrane. In this review, we first summarize these contributions by extracellular determinants to the endocytic process. We thus propose a molecular hypothesis - termed the GL-Lect hypothesis - on how GlycoLipids and Lectins drive the formation of compositional nanoenvrionments from which the endocytic uptake of glycosylated cargo proteins is operated via clathrin-independent carriers. Finally, we position this hypothesis within the global context of endocytic pathway proposals that have emerged in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit, INSERM, U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Christian Wunder
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit, INSERM, U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery unit, INSERM, U 1143, CNRS, UMR 3666, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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91
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Glycosphingolipid-Protein Interaction in Signal Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101732. [PMID: 27754465 PMCID: PMC5085762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a class of ceramide-based glycolipids essential for embryo development in mammals. The synthesis of specific GSLs depends on the expression of distinctive sets of GSL synthesizing enzymes that is tightly regulated during development. Several reports have described how cell surface receptors can be kept in a resting state or activate alternative signalling events as a consequence of their interaction with GSLs. Specific GSLs, indeed, interface with specific protein domains that are found in signalling molecules and which act as GSL sensors to modify signalling responses. The regulation exerted by GSLs on signal transduction is orthogonal to the ligand–receptor axis, as it usually does not directly interfere with the ligand binding to receptors. Due to their properties of adjustable production and orthogonal action on receptors, GSLs add a new dimension to the control of the signalling in development. GSLs can, indeed, dynamically influence progenitor cell response to morphogenetic stimuli, resulting in alternative differentiation fates. Here, we review the available literature on GSL–protein interactions and their effects on cell signalling and development.
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92
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Yu AL, Hung JT, Ho MY, Yu J. Alterations of Glycosphingolipids in Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation and Development of Glycan-Targeting Cancer Immunotherapy. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1532-1548. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Ho
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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93
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Van Blerkom J, Zimmermann S. Ganglioside-enriched microdomains define an oolemma that is functionally polarized with respect to fertilizability in the mouse. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:458-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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94
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Varki A. Biological roles of glycans. Glycobiology 2016; 27:3-49. [PMID: 27558841 PMCID: PMC5884436 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1453] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to host glycans has also been studied for decades. But such biological roles can only explain some of the remarkable complexity and organismal diversity of glycans in nature. Reviewing the subject about two decades ago, one could find very few clear-cut instances of glycan-recognition-specific biological roles of glycans that were of intrinsic value to the organism expressing them. In striking contrast there is now a profusion of examples, such that this updated review cannot be comprehensive. Instead, a historical overview is presented, broad principles outlined and a few examples cited, representing diverse types of roles, mediated by various glycan classes, in different evolutionary lineages. What remains unchanged is the fact that while all theories regarding biological roles of glycans are supported by compelling evidence, exceptions to each can be found. In retrospect, this is not surprising. Complex and diverse glycans appear to be ubiquitous to all cells in nature, and essential to all life forms. Thus, >3 billion years of evolution consistently generated organisms that use these molecules for many key biological roles, even while sometimes coopting them for minor functions. In this respect, glycans are no different from other major macromolecular building blocks of life (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids), simply more rapidly evolving and complex. It is time for the diverse functional roles of glycans to be fully incorporated into the mainstream of biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
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95
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Astudillo L, Therville N, Colacios C, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Levade T. Glucosylceramidases and malignancies in mammals. Biochimie 2016; 125:267-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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96
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Stanley P. What Have We Learned from Glycosyltransferase Knockouts in Mice? J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3166-3182. [PMID: 27040397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are five major classes of glycan including N- and O-glycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycosphingolipids, and glycophosphatidylinositol anchors, all expressed at the molecular frontier of each mammalian cell. Numerous biological consequences of altering the expression of mammalian glycans are understood at a mechanistic level, but many more remain to be characterized. Mouse mutants with deleted, defective, or misexpressed genes that encode activities necessary for glycosylation have led the way to identifying key functions of glycans in biology. However, with the advent of exome sequencing, humans with mutations in genes involved in glycosylation are also revealing specific requirements for glycans in mammalian development. The aim of this review is to summarize glycosylation genes that are necessary for mouse embryonic development, pathway-specific glycosylation genes whose deletion leads to postnatal morbidity, and glycosylation genes for which effects are mild, but perturbation of the organism may reveal functional consequences. General strategies for generating and interpreting the phenotype of mice with glycosylation defects are discussed in relation to human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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97
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Sultana S, Truong NY, Vieira DB, Wigger JGD, Forrester AM, Veinotte CJ, Berman JN, van der Spoel AC. Characterization of the Zebrafish Homolog of β-Glucosidase 2: A Target of the Drug Miglustat. Zebrafish 2016; 13:177-87. [PMID: 26909767 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The small-molecular compound miglustat (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, Zavesca(®)) has been approved for clinical use in type 1 Gaucher disease and Niemann-Pick type C disease, which are disorders caused by dysfunction of the endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal system. Miglustat inhibits a number of enzymes involved in glycoconjugate and glycan metabolism, including β-glucosidase 2 (GBA2), which is exceptionally sensitive to inhibition by miglustat. GBA2 is a glucosylceramide-degrading enzyme that is located on the plasma membrane/endoplasmic reticulum, and is distinct from the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA). Various strands of evidence suggest that inhibition of GBA2 contributes to the therapeutic benefits of miglustat. To further explore the pharmacology and biology of GBA2, we investigated whether the zebrafish homolog of GBA2 has similar enzymatic properties and pharmacological sensitivities to its human counterpart. We established that zebrafish has endogenous β-glucosidase activity toward lipid- and water-soluble GBA2 substrates, which can be inhibited by miglustat, N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin, and conduritol B epoxide. β-Glucosidase activities with highly similar characteristics were expressed in cells transfected with the zebrafish gba2 cDNA and in cells transfected with the human GBA2 cDNA. These results provide a foundation for the use of zebrafish in screening GBA2-targeting molecules, and for wider studies investigating GBA2 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Sultana
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
| | - Nhu Y Truong
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
| | - Douglas B Vieira
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
| | - Jasper G D Wigger
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
| | - A Michael Forrester
- 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
| | - Chansey J Veinotte
- 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,4 Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,5 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
| | - Aarnoud C van der Spoel
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada .,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Canada
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98
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Moskot M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Smolińska E, Banecki B, Węgrzyn G, Gabig-Cimińska M. Activities of genes controlling sphingolipid metabolism in human fibroblasts treated with flavonoids. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30. [PMID: 26209177 PMCID: PMC4560762 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural flavonoids such as genistein, kaempferol and daidzein were previously found to be able to reduce efficiency of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cells of patients suffering from mucopolysaccharidoses, inherited metabolic diseases with often brain disease symptoms. This feature was employed to test these compounds as potential drugs for treatment other neuronopathic lysosomal storage disorders, in which errors in sphingolipid metabolism occur. In this report, on the basis of DNA microarray analyses and quantitative real time PCR experiments, we present evidence that these compounds modify expression of genes coding for enzymes required for metabolism of sphingolipids in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa). Expression of several genes involved in sphingolipid synthesis was impaired by tested flavonoids. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that they may be considered as potential drugs in treatment of LSD, in which accumulation of sphingolipids, especially glycosphingolipids, occurs. Nevertheless, further studies on more advances models are required to test this hypothesis and to assess a therapeutic potential for flavonoids in this group of metabolic brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moskot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (affiliated with the University of Gdańsk), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Elwira Smolińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bogdan Banecki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (affiliated with the University of Gdańsk), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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99
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Gallegos-Cárdenas A, Webb R, Jordan E, West R, West FD, Yang JY, Wang K, Stice SL. Pig Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Rosettes Developmentally Mimic Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Neural Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1901-11. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Gallegos-Cárdenas
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Girona, Perú
| | - Robin Webb
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Erin Jordan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Rachel West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Franklin D. West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kai Wang
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
| | - Steven L. Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, Georgia
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Ishibashi Y, Hirabayashi Y. AMP-activated Protein Kinase Suppresses Biosynthesis of Glucosylceramide by Reducing Intracellular Sugar Nucleotides. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18245-18260. [PMID: 26048992 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane glycolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis. Its intracellular levels are thought to be tightly regulated. How cells regulate GlcCer levels remains to be clarified. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a crucial cellular energy sensor, regulates glucose and lipid metabolism to maintain energy homeostasis. Here, we investigated whether AMPK affects GlcCer metabolism. AMPK activators (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-d-ribofuranoside and metformin) decreased intracellular GlcCer levels and synthase activity in mouse fibroblasts. AMPK inhibitors or AMPK siRNA reversed these effects, suggesting that GlcCer synthesis is negatively regulated by an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Although AMPK did not affect the phosphorylation or expression of GlcCer synthase, the amount of UDP-glucose, an activated form of glucose required for GlcCer synthesis, decreased under AMPK-activating conditions. Importantly, the UDP-glucose pyrophosphatase Nudt14, which degrades UDP-glucose, generating UMP and glucose 1-phosphate, was phosphorylated and activated by AMPK. On the other hand, suppression of Nudt14 by siRNA had little effect on UDP-glucose levels, indicating that mammalian cells have an alternative UDP-glucose pyrophosphatase that mainly contributes to the reduction of UDP-glucose under AMPK-activating conditions. Because AMPK activators are capable of reducing GlcCer levels in cells from Gaucher disease patients, our findings suggest that reducing GlcCer through AMPK activation may lead to a new strategy for treating diseases caused by abnormal accumulation of GlcCer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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