51
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Santos JM, Khan ZS, Munir MT, Tarafdar K, Rahman SM, Hussain F. Vitamin D 3 decreases glycolysis and invasiveness, and increases cellular stiffness in breast cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 53:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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52
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Abstract
The transcriptional signature of Kupffer cells & Alveolar macrophages are enriched for lipid metabolism genes. Lipid metabolism may control macrophage phenotype. Dysregulated lipid metabolism in macrophages contributes to disease pathology.
Distinct macrophage populations throughout the body display highly heterogeneous transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Recent research has highlighted that these profiles enable the different macrophage populations to perform distinct functions as required in their tissue of residence, in addition to the prototypical macrophage functions such as in innate immunity. These ‘extra’ tissue-specific functions have been termed accessory functions. One such putative accessory function is lipid metabolism, with macrophages in the lung and liver in particular being associated with this function. As it is now appreciated that cell metabolism not only provides energy but also greatly influences the phenotype and function of the cell, here we review how lipid metabolism affects macrophage phenotype and function and the specific roles played by macrophages in the pathogenesis of lipid-related diseases. In addition, we highlight the current questions limiting our understanding of the role of macrophages in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Remmerie
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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53
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Sahu SK, Kumar M, Chakraborty S, Banerjee SK, Kumar R, Gupta P, Jana K, Gupta UD, Ghosh Z, Kundu M, Basu J. MicroRNA 26a (miR-26a)/KLF4 and CREB-C/EBPβ regulate innate immune signaling, the polarization of macrophages and the trafficking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to lysosomes during infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006410. [PMID: 28558034 PMCID: PMC5466338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For efficient clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), macrophages tilt towards M1 polarization leading to the activation of transcription factors associated with the production of antibacterial effector molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). At the same time, resolution of inflammation is associated with M2 polarization with increased production of arginase and cytokines such as IL-10. The transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that govern the balance between M1 and M2 polarization, and bacteria-containing processes such as autophagy and trafficking of Mtb to lysosomes, are incompletely understood. Here we report for the first time, that the transcription factor KLF4 is targeted by microRNA-26a (miR-26a). During Mtb infection, downregulation of miR-26a (observed both ex vivo and in vivo) facilitates upregulation of KLF4 which in turn favors increased arginase and decreased iNOS activity. We further demonstrate that KLF4 prevents trafficking of Mtb to lysosomes. The CREB-C/EBPβ signaling axis also favors M2 polarization. Downregulation of miR-26a and upregulation of C/ebpbeta were observed both in infected macrophages as well as in infected mice. Knockdown of C/ebpbeta repressed the expression of selected M2 markers such as Il10 and Irf4 in infected macrophages. The importance of these pathways is substantiated by observations that expression of miR-26a mimic or knockdown of Klf4 or Creb or C/ebpbeta, attenuated the survival of Mtb in macrophages. Taken together, our results attribute crucial roles for the miR-26a/KLF4 and CREB-C/EBPβsignaling pathways in regulating the survival of Mtb in macrophages. These studies expand our understanding of how Mtb hijacks host signaling pathways to survive in macrophages, and open up new exploratory avenues for host-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Pushpa Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Umesh D. Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra, India
| | - Zhumur Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Joyoti Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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54
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Chen Y, Yu S, Zhang N, Li Y, Chen S, Chang Y, Sun G, Sun Y. Atorvastatin prevents Angiotensin II induced myocardial hypertrophy in vitro via CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:423-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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55
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Sanada Y, Yamamoto T, Satake R, Yamashita A, Kanai S, Kato N, van de Loo FA, Nishimura F, Scherer PE, Yanaka N. Serum Amyloid A3 Gene Expression in Adipocytes is an Indicator of the Interaction with Macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38697. [PMID: 27929048 PMCID: PMC5144138 DOI: 10.1038/srep38697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue and their interaction with adipocytes are essential for the chronic low-grade inflammation of obese adipose tissue. In this study, we identified the serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) gene as a key adipocyte-derived factor that is affected by interaction with macrophages. We showed that the Saa3 promoter in adipocytes actually responds to activated macrophages in a co-culture system. Decreasing C/EBPβ abundance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or point mutation of C/EBPβ elements suppressed the increased promoter activity in response to activated macrophages, suggesting an essential role of C/EBPβ in Saa3 promoter activation. Bioluminescence based on Saa3 promoter activity in Saa3-luc mice was promoted in obese adipose tissue, showing that Saa3 promoter activity is most likely related to macrophage infiltration. This study suggests that the level of expression of the Saa3 gene could be utilized for the number of infiltrated macrophages in obese adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sanada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Rika Satake
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | | | - Sumire Kanai
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Fons Aj van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
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56
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Ronkainen J, Mondini E, Cinti F, Cinti S, Sebért S, Savolainen MJ, Salonurmi T. Fto-Deficiency Affects the Gene and MicroRNA Expression Involved in Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111851. [PMID: 27827997 PMCID: PMC5133851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene Fto are linked to the onset of obesity in humans. The causal role of the FTO protein in obesity is supported by evidence obtained from transgenic mice; however, the underlying molecular pathways pertaining to the role of FTO in obesity have yet to be established. In this study, we investigate the Fto gene in mouse brown adipose tissue and in the browning process of white adipose tissue. We analyze distinct structural and molecular factors in brown and white fat depots of Fto-deficient mice under normal and obesogenic conditions. We report significant alterations in the morphology of adipose tissue depots and the expression of mRNA and microRNA related to brown adipogenesis and metabolism in Fto-deficient mice. Furthermore, we show that high-fat feeding does not attenuate the browning process of Fto-deficient white adipose tissue as observed in wild-type tissue, suggesting a triggering effect of the FTO pathways by the dietary environment.
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MESH Headings
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/pathology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/deficiency
- Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Justiina Ronkainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Sylvain Sebért
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
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57
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Exposure to p, p'-DDE Induces Morphological Changes and Activation of the PKC α-p38-C/EBP β Pathway in Human Promyelocytic HL-60 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1375606. [PMID: 27833915 PMCID: PMC5090076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1375606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE), the most persistent metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is still present in the human population. Both are present in the bone marrow of patients with bone marrow disorders, but thus far there are no studies that assess the capability of p,p′-DDE to affect myeloid cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of p,p′-DDE on promyelocytic cell differentiation and intracellular pathways related to this event. p,p′-DDE induced morphological changes compatible with promyelocytic differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. The p,p′-DDE effect on [Ca2+]i, C/EBPβ protein levels, PKCα and p38 activation, and the role of oxidative stress or PLA2 was assayed. Exposure to 1.9 μg/mL of p,p′-DDE increased [Ca2+]i, PKCα, p38, and C/EBPβ protein levels; the increase of nuclear C/EBPβ protein was dependent on p38. PKCα phosphorylation was dependent on PLA2 and p,p′-DDE-induced oxidative stress. p38 phosphorylation induced by p,p′-DDE was dependent on PLA2, PKC activation, and oxidative stress. These effects of p,p′-DDE at concentrations found in human bone marrow may induce alterations in immature myeloid cells and could affect their cellular homeostasis. In order to establish the risk from exposure to p,p′-DDE on the development of bone marrow disorders in humans, these effects deserve further study.
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58
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Wu J, Hu G, Lu Y, Zheng J, Chen J, Wang X, Zeng Y. Palmitic acid aggravates inflammation of pancreatic acinar cells by enhancing unfolded protein response induced CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β–CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α activation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:181-193. [PMID: 27592456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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59
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Matteini AM, Tanaka T, Karasik D, Atzmon G, Chou W, Eicher JD, Johnson AD, Arnold AM, Callisaya ML, Davies G, Evans DS, Holtfreter B, Lohman K, Lunetta KL, Mangino M, Smith AV, Smith JA, Teumer A, Yu L, Arking DE, Buchman AS, Chibinik LB, De Jager PL, Evans DA, Faul JD, Garcia ME, Gillham‐Nasenya I, Gudnason V, Hofman A, Hsu Y, Ittermann T, Lahousse L, Liewald DC, Liu Y, Lopez L, Rivadeneira F, Rotter JI, Siggeirsdottir K, Starr JM, Thomson R, Tranah GJ, Uitterlinden AG, Völker U, Völzke H, Weir DR, Yaffe K, Zhao W, Zhuang WV, Zmuda JM, Bennett DA, Cummings SR, Deary IJ, Ferrucci L, Harris TB, Kardia SLR, Kocher T, Kritchevsky SB, Psaty BM, Seshadri S, Spector TD, Srikanth VK, Windham BG, Zillikens MC, Newman AB, Walston JD, Kiel DP, Murabito JM. GWAS analysis of handgrip and lower body strength in older adults in the CHARGE consortium. Aging Cell 2016; 15:792-800. [PMID: 27325353 PMCID: PMC5013019 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in muscle strength with aging is an important predictor of health trajectory in the elderly. Several factors, including genetics, are proposed contributors to variability in muscle strength. To identify genetic contributors to muscle strength, a meta-analysis of genomewide association studies of handgrip was conducted. Grip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer in 27 581 individuals of European descent over 65 years of age from 14 cohort studies. Genomewide association analysis was conducted on ~2.7 million imputed and genotyped variants (SNPs). Replication of the most significant findings was conducted using data from 6393 individuals from three cohorts. GWAS of lower body strength was also characterized in a subset of cohorts. Two genomewide significant (P-value< 5 × 10(-8) ) and 39 suggestive (P-value< 5 × 10(-5) ) associations were observed from meta-analysis of the discovery cohorts. After meta-analysis with replication cohorts, genomewide significant association was observed for rs752045 on chromosome 8 (β = 0.47, SE = 0.08, P-value = 5.20 × 10(-10) ). This SNP is mapped to an intergenic region and is located within an accessible chromatin region (DNase hypersensitivity site) in skeletal muscle myotubes differentiated from the human skeletal muscle myoblasts cell line. This locus alters a binding motif of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (CEBPB) that is implicated in muscle repair mechanisms. GWAS of lower body strength did not yield significant results. A common genetic variant in a chromosomal region that regulates myotube differentiation and muscle repair may contribute to variability in grip strength in the elderly. Further studies are needed to uncover the mechanisms that link this genetic variant with muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Matteini
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchGerontology Research CenterNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA,Faculty of Medicine in the GalileeBar‐Ilan UniversitySafed13010Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Institute for Aging Research Departments of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine1300 Morris Park AvenueBronxNYUSA,Department of Human BiologyUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Wen‐Chi Chou
- Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - John D. Eicher
- National Heart, Lung and Blood InstitutePopulation Sciences BranchBethesdaMDUSA,National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood InstitutePopulation Sciences BranchBethesdaMDUSA,National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA
| | - Alice M. Arnold
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Michele L. Callisaya
- Stroke and Ageing Research GroupDepartment of MedicineSchool of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia,Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.Australia
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of PeriodontologyDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and EndodontologyCentre of Oral HealthUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Center for Human GeneticsDivision of Public Health SciencesWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA,Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Dan E. Arking
- McKusick‐Nathans Institute of Genetic MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA,Department of Neurological SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Lori B. Chibinik
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric GenomicsDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA,Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric GenomicsDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA,Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Denis A. Evans
- Institute of Healthy Aging and Department of Internal MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Jessica D. Faul
- Survey Research CenterInstitute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Melissa E. Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population ScienceNational Institute on AgingBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart AssociationKopavogurIceland,University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Yi‐Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA,Department of Medicine, Molecular and Integrative Physiological SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Respiratory MedicineGhent University and Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - David C. Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human GeneticsDivision of Public Health SciencesWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Lorna Lopez
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)‐sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)Rotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Division of Genomic Outcome, Departments of Pediatrics and MedicineInstitute for Translational Genomics and Population SciencesLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Russell Thomson
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.Australia
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)‐sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)Rotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional GenomicsUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)GreifswaldGermany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)GreifswaldGermany
| | - David R. Weir
- Survey Research CenterInstitute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Epidemiology & BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Wei Vivian Zhuang
- Public Health ProgramCenter for Health Policy and EthicsCreighton University School of MedicineOmahaNEUSA
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchGerontology Research CenterNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population ScienceNIABethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of PeriodontologyDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and EndodontologyCentre of Oral HealthUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington and Group Health Research InstituteGroup Health CooperativeSeattleWAUSA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Velandai K. Srikanth
- Stroke and Ageing Research GroupDepartment of MedicineSchool of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia,Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.Australia
| | - B. Gwen Windham
- Department of Medicine/Division of GeriatricsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Jeremy D. Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA,Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
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60
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Greco SH, Torres-Hernandez A, Kalabin A, Whiteman C, Rokosh R, Ravirala S, Ochi A, Gutierrez J, Salyana MA, Mani VR, Nagaraj SV, Deutsch M, Seifert L, Daley D, Barilla R, Hundeyin M, Nikifrov Y, Tejada K, Gelb BE, Katz SC, Miller G. Mincle Signaling Promotes Con A Hepatitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2816-27. [PMID: 27559045 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Con A hepatitis is regarded as a T cell-mediated model of acute liver injury. Mincle is a C-type lectin receptor that is critical in the immune response to mycobacteria and fungi but does not have a well-defined role in preclinical models of non-pathogen-mediated inflammation. Because Mincle can ligate the cell death ligand SAP130, we postulated that Mincle signaling drives intrahepatic inflammation and liver injury in Con A hepatitis. Acute liver injury was assessed in the murine Con A hepatitis model using C57BL/6, Mincle(-/-), and Dectin-1(-/-) mice. The role of C/EBPβ and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling was assessed using selective inhibitors. We found that Mincle was highly expressed in hepatic innate inflammatory cells and endothelial cells in both mice and humans. Furthermore, sterile Mincle ligands and Mincle signaling intermediates were increased in the murine liver in Con A hepatitis. Most significantly, Mincle deletion or blockade protected against Con A hepatitis, whereas Mincle ligation exacerbated disease. Bone marrow chimeric and adoptive transfer experiments suggested that Mincle signaling in infiltrating myeloid cells dictates disease phenotype. Conversely, signaling via other C-type lectin receptors did not alter disease course. Mechanistically, we found that Mincle blockade decreased the NF-κβ-related signaling intermediates C/EBPβ and HIF-1α, both of which are necessary in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Accordingly, Mincle deletion lowered production of nitrites in Con A hepatitis and inhibition of both C/EBPβ and HIF-1α reduced the severity of liver disease. Our work implicates a novel innate immune driver of Con A hepatitis and, more broadly, suggests a potential role for Mincle in diseases governed by sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Greco
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Alejandro Torres-Hernandez
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Aleksandr Kalabin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Clint Whiteman
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Rae Rokosh
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Sushma Ravirala
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Atsuo Ochi
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Johana Gutierrez
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Muhammad Atif Salyana
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Vishnu R Mani
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Savitha V Nagaraj
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Michael Deutsch
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Lena Seifert
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Donnele Daley
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Rocky Barilla
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Mautin Hundeyin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Yuriy Nikifrov
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Karla Tejada
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Bruce E Gelb
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Steven C Katz
- Immunotherapy Program, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908; and
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Snezhkina AV, Krasnov GS, Lipatova AV, Sadritdinova AF, Kardymon OL, Fedorova MS, Melnikova NV, Stepanov OA, Zaretsky AR, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV. The Dysregulation of Polyamine Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Overexpression of c-Myc and C/EBPβ rather than Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis Infection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2353560. [PMID: 27433286 PMCID: PMC4940579 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2353560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is well known that the chronic inflammation can promote the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, a number of studies revealed a potential association between colorectal inflammation, cancer progression, and infection caused by enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF). Bacterial enterotoxin activates spermine oxidase (SMO), which produces spermidine and H2O2 as byproducts of polyamine catabolism, which, in turn, enhances inflammation and tissue injury. Using qPCR analysis, we estimated the expression of SMOX gene and ETBF colonization in CRC patients. We found no statistically significant associations between them. Then we selected genes involved in polyamine metabolism, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammation regulation and estimated their expression in CRC. We observed overexpression of SMOX, ODC1, SRM, SMS, MTAP, c-Myc, C/EBPβ (CREBP), and other genes. We found that two mediators of metabolic reprogramming, inflammation, and cell proliferation c-Myc and C/EBPβ may serve as regulators of polyamine metabolism genes (SMOX, AZIN1, MTAP, SRM, ODC1, AMD1, and AGMAT) as they are overexpressed in tumors, have binding site according to ENCODE ChIP-Seq data, and demonstrate strong coexpression with their targets. Thus, increased polyamine metabolism in CRC could be driven by c-Myc and C/EBPβ rather than ETBF infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V. Snezhkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V. Lipatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Asiya F. Sadritdinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Olga L. Kardymon
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Stepanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrew R. Zaretsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Boris Y. Alekseev
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia
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Thomas SR. Haematopoietic-expressed C/EBPβ: A novel transcriptional regulator of hepatic liver metabolism and macrophage foam cells during atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis 2016; 250:183-5. [PMID: 27207261 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Thomas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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63
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Neves RX, Rosa-Neto JC, Yamashita AS, Matos-Neto EM, Riccardi DMR, Lira FS, Batista ML, Seelaender M. White adipose tissue cells and the progression of cachexia: inflammatory pathways. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:193-203. [PMID: 27493872 PMCID: PMC4864177 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a systemic syndrome leading to body wasting, systemic inflammation, and to metabolic chaos. It is a progressive condition, and little is known about its dynamics. Detection of the early signs of the disease may lead to the attenuation of the associated symptoms. The white adipose tissue is an organ with endocrine functions, capable of synthesising and secreting a plethora of proteins, including cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines. It is well established that different adipose tissue depots demonstrate heterogeneous responses to physiological and pathological stimuli. The present study aimed at providing insight into adipocyte involvement in inflammation along the progression of cachexia. METHODS Eight-weeks-old male rats were subcutaneously inoculated with a Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cell suspension (2 × 10(7) cells in 1.0 mL; tumour-bearing, T) or Phosphate-buffered saline (control, C). The retroperitoneal, epididymal, and mesenteric adipose pads were excised on Days 0, 7, and 14 post-tumour cell injection, and the adipocytes were isolated. RESULTS Mesenteric and epididymal adipocytes showed up-regulation of IL-1β protein expression and activation of the inflammasome pathway, contributing for whole tissue inflammation. The stromal vascular fraction of the retroperitoneal adipose tissue, on the other hand, seems to be the major contributor for the inflammation in this specific pad. CONCLUSION Adipocytes seem to play a relevant role in the establishment of white adipose tissue inflammation, through the activation of the NF-κB and inflammasome pathways. In epididymal adipocytes, induction of the inflammasome may be detected already on Day 7 post-tumour cell inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex S Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio S Lira
- Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente Brazil
| | - Miguel L Batista
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Center for Integrated Biotechnology University of Mogi das Cruzes Mogi das Cruzes Brazil
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The intake of high-fat diets induces an obesogenic-like gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is reverted by dieting. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1887-95. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are increasingly used for nutrigenomic studies. In this study, we aimed to identify whether these cells could reflect the development of an obesogenic profile associated with the intake of high-fat (HF) diets. We analysed, by real-time RT-PCR, the dietary response of key genes related to lipid metabolism, obesity and inflammation in PBMC of control rats, rats fed a cafeteria or a commercial HF diet and rats fed a control diet after the intake of a cafeteria diet (post-cafeteria model). Cafeteria diet intake, which resulted in important overweight and related complications, altered the expressions of most of the studied genes in PBMC, evidencing the development of an obesogenic profile. Commercial HF diet, which produced metabolic alterations but in the absence of noticeably increased body weight, also altered PBMC gene expression, inducing a similar regulatory pattern as that observed for the cafeteria diet. Regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (Cpt1a) mRNA expression was of special interest; its expression reflected metabolic alterations related to the intake of both obesogenic diets (independently of increased body weight) even at an early stage as well as metabolic recovery in post-cafeteria animals. Thus, PBMC constitute an important source of biomarkers that reflect the increased adiposity and metabolic deregulation associated with the intake of HF diets. In particular, we propose an analysis of Cpt1a expression as a good biomarker to detect the early metabolic alterations caused by the consumption of hyperlipidic diets, and also as a marker of metabolic recovery associated to weight loss.
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65
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Rahman SM, Baquero KC, Choudhury M, Janssen RC, de la Houssaye BA, Sun M, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Wang S, Moustaid-Moussa N, Miyazaki M, Friedman JE. C/EBPβ in bone marrow is essential for diet induced inflammation, cholesterol balance, and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 250:172-9. [PMID: 27072340 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is both a chronic inflammatory disease and a lipid metabolism disorder. C/EBPβ is well documented for its role in the development of hematopoietic cells and integration of lipid metabolism. However, C/EBPβ's role in atherosclerotic progression has not been examined. We assessed the impact of hematopoietic CEBPβ deletion in ApoE(-/-) mice on hyperlipidemia, inflammatory responses and lesion formation in the aorta. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cells derived from either WT or C/EBPβ(-/-) mice and placed on low fat or high fat/high cholesterol diet for 11 weeks. Hematopoietic C/EBPβ deletion in ApoE(-/-) mice reduced blood and hepatic lipids and gene expression of hepatic stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 and fatty acid synthase while expression of ATP binding cassette transporter G1, cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase, and liver X receptor alpha genes were significantly increased. ApoE(-/-) mice reconstituted with C/EBPβ(-/-) bone marrow cells also significantly reduced blood cytokine levels and reduced lesion area in aortic sinuses compared with ApoE(-/-) mice reconstituted with WT bone marrow cells. Silencing of C/EBPβ in RAW264.7 macrophage cells prevented oxLDL-mediated foam cell formation and inflammatory cytokine secretion in conditioned medium. CONCLUSION C/EBPβ in hematopoietic cells is crucial to regulate diet-induced inflammation, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Rahman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Karalee C Baquero
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Ming Sun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Renal and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Chen K, Zhou JD, Zhang F, Zhang F, Zhang RR, Zhan MS, Tang XY, Deng B, Lei MG, Xiong YZ. Transcription factor C/EBPβ promotes the transcription of the porcine GPR120 gene. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:91-100. [PMID: 26576644 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), an adipogenic receptor critical for the differentiation and maturation of adipocytes, plays an important role in controlling obesity in both humans and rodents and, thus, is an attractive target of obesity treatment studies. However, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of porcine GPR120 remain unclear. In this study, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) techniques were used to analyze and identify the binding of C/EBPβ (transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta) to the GPR120 promoter. C/EBPβ overexpression and RNA interference studies showed that C/EBPβ regulated GPR120 promoter activity and endogenous GPR120 expression. The binding site of C/EBPβ in the GPR120 promoter region from -101 to -87 was identified by promoter deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. Overexpression of C/EBPβ increased endogenous GPR120 expression in pig kidney cells (PK). Furthermore, when endogenous C/EBPβ was knocked down, GPR120 mRNA and protein levels were decreased. The stimulatory effect of C/EBPβ on GPR120 transcription and its ability to bind the transcription factor-binding site were confirmed by luciferase, ChIP, and EMSA. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of C/EBPβ were induced by high fat diet feeding. Taken together, it can be concluded that C/EBPβ plays a vital role in regulating GPR120 transcription and suggests HFD-feeding induces GPR120 transcription by influencing C/EBPβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Si Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Gang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Zhu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministryand Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of ChinaWuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineWuhan Academy of gricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Zheng J, Wu J, Chen J, Liu J, Lu Y, Huang C, Hu G, Wang X, Zeng Y. Therapeutic effects of quercetin on early inflammation in hypertriglyceridemia-related acute pancreatitis and its mechanism. Pancreatology 2016; 16:200-10. [PMID: 26873426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of quercetin on early-stage inflammation in hypertriglyceridemia (HTG)-related acute pancreatitis (AP) both in vivo and in vitro, and its possible mechanism. METHODS In vivo, rats were fed a high-fat diet to induce HTG, and AP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (50 μg/kg × 2). Quercetin (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection after AP induction. In vitro, rat exocrine acinar cells were preincubated with palmitic acid (PA, 0.1 mmol/L, 6 h) with quercetin (5, 10, 20 and 40 μM) prior to a cholecystokinin analog CCK-8 (20pM). Injury of the pancreas was assessed by amylase secretion and pancreatic histological evaluation. Inflammation was estimated by measuring IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and NF-kB expression. Dynamic expression of IRE1α, sXBP1, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ was monitored by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot (WB). RESULTS Quercetin intervention reduced plasma amylase level (P < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner, attenuated pancreatic histopathological damage (P < 0.05), and reduced the mRNA and protein expression of NF-kB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα (P < 0.05) more significantly in HTG-related AP rats than in normal-lipid AP rats. Quercetin also down-regulated gene and protein expression levels of IRE1α, sXBP1, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin attenuates early-stage inflammation in HTG-related AP, probably by reducing IRE1α, sXBP1, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunYuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - JiangHong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YingYing Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ChunLan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - GuoYong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XingPeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Ren YA, Liu Z, Mullany LK, Fan CM, Richards JS. Growth Arrest Specific-1 (GAS1) Is a C/EBP Target Gene That Functions in Ovulation and Corpus Luteum Formation in Mice. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:44. [PMID: 26740594 PMCID: PMC4787628 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation and luteinization are initiated in preovulatory follicles by the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge; however, the signaling events that mediate LH actions in these follicles remain incompletely defined. Two key transcription factors that are targets of LH surge are C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta, and their depletion in granulosa cells results in complete infertility. Microarray analyses of these mutant mice revealed altered expression of a number of genes, including growth arrest specific-1 (Gas1). To investigate functions of Gas1 in ovulation- and luteinization-related processes, we crossed Cyp19a1-Cre and Gas1flox/flox mice to conditionally delete Gas1 in granulosa and cumulus cells. While expression of Gas1 is dramatically increased in granulosa and cumulus cells around 12–16 h post-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation in wild-type mice, this increase is abolished in Cebpa/b double mutant and in Gas1 mutant mice. GAS1 is also dynamically expressed in stromal cells of the ovary independent of C/EBPalpha/beta. Female Gas1 mutant mice are fertile, exhibit enhanced rates of ovulation, increased fertility, and higher levels of Areg and Lhcgr mRNA in granulosa cells. The morphological appearance and vascularization of corpora lutea appeared normal in these mutant females. Interestingly, levels of mRNA for a number of genes (Cyp11a1, Star, Wnt4, Prlr, Cd52, and Sema3a) associated with luteinization are decreased in corpora lutea of Gas1 mutant mice as compared with controls at 24 h post-hCG; these differences were no longer detectable by 48 h post-hCG. The C/EBP target Gas1 is induced in granulosa cells and is associated with ovulation and luteinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi A Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa K Mullany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Redondo-Angulo I, Mas-Stachurska A, Sitges M, Giralt M, Villarroya F, Planavila A. C/EBPβ is required in pregnancy-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:819-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pulido-Salgado M, Vidal-Taboada JM, Saura J. C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors: Basic biology and roles in the CNS. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 132:1-33. [PMID: 26143335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and C/EBPδ are transcription factors of the basic-leucine zipper class which share phylogenetic, structural and functional features. In this review we first describe in depth their basic molecular biology which includes fascinating aspects such as the regulated use of alternative initiation codons in the C/EBPβ mRNA. The physical interactions with multiple transcription factors which greatly opens the number of potentially regulated genes or the presence of at least five different types of post-translational modifications are also remarkable molecular mechanisms that modulate C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ function. In the second part, we review the present knowledge on the localization, expression changes and physiological roles of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We conclude that C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ share two unique features related to their role in the CNS: whereas in neurons they participate in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in glial cells they regulate the pro-inflammatory program. Because of their role in neuroinflammation, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in microglia are potential targets for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Any strategy to reduce C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ activity in neuroinflammation needs to take into account its potential side-effects in neurons. Therefore, cell-specific treatments will be required for the successful application of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pulido-Salgado
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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71
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Nohara K, Shin Y, Park N, Jeong K, He B, Koike N, Yoo SH, Chen Z. Ammonia-lowering activities and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (Cps1) induction mechanism of a natural flavonoid. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:23. [PMID: 26075008 PMCID: PMC4465466 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ammonia detoxification is essential for physiological well-being, and the urea cycle in liver plays a predominant role in ammonia disposal. Nobiletin (NOB), a natural dietary flavonoid, is known to exhibit various physiological efficacies. In the current study, we investigated a potential role of NOB in ammonia control and the underlying cellular mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed with regular chow (RC), high-fat (HFD) or high-protein diet (HPD) and treated with either vehicle or NOB. Serum and/or urine levels of ammonia and urea were measured. Liver expression of genes encoding urea cycle enzymes and C/EBP transcription factors was determined over the circadian cycle. Luciferase reporter assays were carried out to investigate function of CCAAT consensus elements on the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (Cps1) gene promoter. A circadian clock-deficient mouse mutant, Clock (Δ19/Δ19) , was utilized to examine a requisite role of the circadian clock in mediating NOB induction of Cps1. RESULTS NOB was able to lower serum ammonia levels in mice fed with RC, HFD or HPD. Compared with RC, HFD repressed the mRNA and protein expression of Cps1, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme of the urea cycle. Interestingly, NOB rescued CPS1 protein levels under the HFD condition via induction of the transcription factors C/EBPα and C/EBPβ. Expression of other urea cycle genes was also decreased by HFD relative to RC and again restored by NOB to varying degrees, which, in conjunction with Cps1 promoter reporter analysis, suggested a C/EBP-dependent mechanism for the co-induction of urea cycle genes by NOB. In comparison, HPD markedly increased CPS1 levels relative to RC, yet NOB did not further enrich CPS1 to a significant extent. Using the circadian mouse mutant Clock (Δ19/Δ19) , we also showed that a functional circadian clock, known to modulate C/EBP and CPS1 expression, was required for NOB induction of CPS1 under the HFD condition. CONCLUSION NOB, a dietary flavonoid, exhibits a broad activity in ammonia control across varying diets, and regulates urea cycle function via C/EBP-and clock-dependent regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Youngmin Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Noheon Park
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Kwon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Baokun He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Reschen ME, Gaulton KJ, Lin D, Soilleux EJ, Morris AJ, Smyth SS, O'Callaghan CA. Lipid-induced epigenomic changes in human macrophages identify a coronary artery disease-associated variant that regulates PPAP2B Expression through Altered C/EBP-beta binding. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005061. [PMID: 25835000 PMCID: PMC4383549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 40 loci that affect risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the causal mechanisms at the majority of loci are unknown. Recent studies have suggested that many causal GWAS variants influence disease through altered transcriptional regulation in disease-relevant cell types. We explored changes in transcriptional regulation during a key pathophysiological event in CAD, the environmental lipid-induced transformation of macrophages to lipid-laden foam cells. We used a combination of open chromatin mapping with formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE-seq) and enhancer and transcription factor mapping using chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP-seq) in primary human macrophages before and after exposure to atherogenic oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), with resultant foam cell formation. OxLDL-induced foam cell formation was associated with changes in a subset of open chromatin and active enhancer sites that strongly correlated with expression changes of nearby genes. OxLDL-regulated enhancers were enriched for several transcription factors including C/EBP-beta, which has no previously documented role in foam cell formation. OxLDL exposure up-regulated C/EBP-beta expression and increased genomic binding events, most prominently around genes involved in inflammatory response pathways. Variants at CAD-associated loci were significantly and specifically enriched in the subset of chromatin sites altered by oxLDL exposure, including rs72664324 in an oxLDL-induced enhancer at the PPAP2B locus. OxLDL increased C/EBP beta binding to this site and C/EBP beta binding and enhancer activity were stronger with the protective A allele of rs72664324. In addition, expression of the PPAP2B protein product LPP3 was present in foam cells in human atherosclerotic plaques and oxLDL exposure up-regulated LPP3 in macrophages resulting in increased degradation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Our results demonstrate a genetic mechanism contributing to CAD risk at the PPAP2B locus and highlight the value of studying epigenetic changes in disease processes involving pathogenic environmental stimuli. Coronary artery disease is a complex disease where over 40 genomic loci contributing to genetic risk have been identified. However, identifying the precise variants, genomic elements and genes that mediate this risk at each locus has proved challenging. We hypothesized that some genetic risk variants may influence a key step in development of coronary artery disease, which occurs when macrophages encounter environmentally-derived lipid. These cells take up lipid and accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of blood vessels where they contribute to the inflammatory atherosclerotic disease process. Therefore, we studied the effects of this lipid exposure on the genomic activity of these cells. Environmental lipid exposure triggered changes in transcriptional regulation and gene expression. Variants at coronary artery disease risk loci were enriched for genomic regions altered by lipid exposure. We studied one such risk variant rs72664324 in detail and found that it altered binding of the C/EBP-beta transcription factor and altered expression of the PPAP2B gene. PPAP2B encodes an enzyme that degrades pro-inflammatory substances. Our study demonstrates a hitherto unknown genetic mechanism underlying atherosclerotic heart disease and demonstrates the value of studying changes in transcriptional regulation in key disease processes involving environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Reschen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Da Lin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Soilleux
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford and Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Susan S. Smyth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Fat mass- and obesity-associated gene Fto affects the dietary response in mouse white adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9233. [PMID: 25782772 PMCID: PMC4363842 DOI: 10.1038/srep09233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variants of human fat mass- and obesity-associated gene Fto have been linked with higher body mass index, but the biological explanation for the link has remained obscure. Recent findings suggest that these variants affect the homeobox protein IRX3. Here we report that FTO has a role in white adipose tissue which modifies its response to high-fat feeding. Wild type and Fto-deficient mice were exposed to standard or high-fat diet for 16 weeks after which metabolism, behavior and white adipose tissue morphology were analyzed together with adipokine levels and relative expression of genes regulating white adipose tissue adipogenesis and Irx3. Our results indicate that Fto deficiency increases the expression of genes related to adipogenesis preventing adipocytes from becoming hypertrophic after high-fat diet. In addition, we report a novel finding of increased Irx3 expression in Fto-deficient mice after high-fat feeding indicating a complex link between FTO, IRX3 and fat metabolism.
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74
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CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β in relation to ER stress, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:324815. [PMID: 25699273 PMCID: PMC4324884 DOI: 10.1155/2015/324815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and underlying metabolic disturbances increase rapidly in developed countries. Various molecular targets are currently under investigation to unravel the molecular mechanisms that cause these disturbances. This is done in attempt to counter or prevent the negative health consequences of the metabolic disturbances. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on the role of C/EBP-β in these metabolic disturbances. C/EBP-β deletion in mice resulted in downregulation of hepatic lipogenic genes and increased expression of β-oxidation genes in brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, C/EBP-β is important in the differentiation and maturation of adipocytes and is increased during ER stress and proinflammatory conditions. So far, studies were only conducted in animals and in cell systems. The results found that C/EBP-β is an important transcription factor within the metabolic disturbances of the metabolic system. Therefore, it is interesting to examine the potential role of C/EBP-β at molecular and physiological level in humans.
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75
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Perino A, Pols TWH, Nomura M, Stein S, Pellicciari R, Schoonjans K. TGR5 reduces macrophage migration through mTOR-induced C/EBPβ differential translation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5424-36. [PMID: 25365223 DOI: 10.1172/jci76289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bile acid-responsive G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 is involved in several metabolic processes, and recent studies suggest that TGR5 activation may promote pathways that are protective against diet-induced diabetes. Here, we investigated the role of macrophage-specific TGR5 signaling in protecting adipose tissue from inflammation and associated insulin resistance. Examination of adipose tissue from obese mice lacking macrophage Tgr5 revealed enhanced inflammation, increased chemokine expression, and higher macrophage numbers compared with control obese animals. Moreover, macrophage-specific deletion of Tgr5 exacerbated insulin resistance in obese animals. Conversely, pharmacological activation of TGR5 markedly decreased LPS-induced chemokine expression in primary macrophages. This reduction was mediated by AKT-dependent activation of mTOR complex 1, which in turn induced the differential translation of the dominant-negative C/EBPβ isoform, liver inhibitory protein (LIP). Overall, these studies reveal a signaling pathway downstream of TGR5 that modulates chemokine expression in response to high-fat diet and suggest that targeting this pathway has the potential to be therapeutically exploited for prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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76
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Resistin stimulates expression of chemokine genes in chondrocytes via combinatorial regulation of C/EBPβ and NF-κB. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17242-55. [PMID: 25264740 PMCID: PMC4227159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To further investigate the regulation role of two chemokine genes CCL3 and CCL4 in chondrocytes in response to resistin, human primary chondrocytes and T/C-28a2 cells were cultured. The function of resistin on the chemokine genes, and the expression of C/EBPβ, NF-κB isoforms were tested using qPCR. The methods used to investigate timed co-regulation of C/EBPβ and NF-κB were NF-κB inhibitor (IKK-NBD) and C/EBPβ inhibitor (SB303580) treatments, and subcellular localization, with or without resistin stimulation. Results showed that resistin could increase the up-regulation of chemokine genes independently. Resistin increased the expression of C/EBPβ and NF-κB isoforms. C/EBPβ regulated basal activity and steadily increased over time up to 24h with resistin. NF-κB was up-regulated upon induction with resistin, peaking at 4 h. C/EBPβ and NF-κB co-enhanced the chemokines expression; inhibition of their activity was additive. The timing of activation in chondrocytes was confirmed by subcellular localization of C/EBPβ and c-rel. Chondrocytes react to resistin in a non-restricted cell-specific manner, utilizing C/EBPβ and NF-κB in a combinatorial regulation of chemokine gene expression. The activity of C/EBPβ is augmented by a transient increase in activity of NF-κB, and both transcription factors act independently on the chemokine genes, CCL3 and CCL4. Thus, resistin stimulates CCL3 and CCL4 through combinatorial regulation of C/EBPβ and NF-κB in chondrocytes.
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77
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El Kasmi KC, Pugliese SC, Riddle SR, Poth JM, Anderson AL, Frid MG, Li M, Pullamsetti SS, Savai R, Nagel MA, Fini MA, Graham BB, Tuder RM, Friedman JE, Eltzschig HK, Sokol RJ, Stenmark KR. Adventitial fibroblasts induce a distinct proinflammatory/profibrotic macrophage phenotype in pulmonary hypertension. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:597-609. [PMID: 24928992 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage accumulation is not only a characteristic hallmark but is also a critical component of pulmonary artery remodeling associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive vascular macrophage activation and their functional phenotype remain poorly defined. Using multiple levels of in vivo (bovine and rat models of hypoxia-induced PH, together with human tissue samples) and in vitro (primary mouse, rat, and bovine macrophages, human monocytes, and primary human and bovine fibroblasts) approaches, we observed that adventitial fibroblasts derived from hypertensive pulmonary arteries (bovine and human) regulate macrophage activation. These fibroblasts activate macrophages through paracrine IL-6 and STAT3, HIF1, and C/EBPβ signaling to drive expression of genes previously implicated in chronic inflammation, tissue remodeling, and PH. This distinct fibroblast-activated macrophage phenotype was independent of IL-4/IL-13-STAT6 and TLR-MyD88 signaling. We found that genetic STAT3 haplodeficiency in macrophages attenuated macrophage activation, complete STAT3 deficiency increased macrophage activation through compensatory upregulation of STAT1 signaling, and deficiency in C/EBPβ or HIF1 attenuated fibroblast-driven macrophage activation. These findings challenge the current paradigm of IL-4/IL-13-STAT6-mediated alternative macrophage activation as the sole driver of vascular remodeling in PH, and uncover a cross-talk between adventitial fibroblasts and macrophages in which paracrine IL-6-activated STAT3, HIF1α, and C/EBPβ signaling are critical for macrophage activation and polarization. Thus, targeting IL-6 signaling in macrophages by completely inhibiting C/EBPβ or HIF1α or by partially inhibiting STAT3 may hold therapeutic value for treatment of PH and other inflammatory conditions characterized by increased IL-6 and absent IL-4/IL-13 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim C El Kasmi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045;
| | - Steven C Pugliese
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Suzette R Riddle
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jens M Poth
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Aimee L Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Maria G Frid
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Min Li
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Soni S Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria A Nagel
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Brian B Graham
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ronald J Sokol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Division of Critical Care Medicine/Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045;
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Zou J, Li H, Chen X, Zeng S, Ye J, Zhou C, Liu M, Zhang L, Yu N, Gan X, Zhou H, Xian Z, Chen S, Liu P. C/EBPβ knockdown protects cardiomyocytes from hypertrophy via inhibition of p65-NFκB. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 390:18-25. [PMID: 24704266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
C/EBPβ, a member of the bHLH gene family of DNA-binding transcription factors, has been indicated as a central signal in physiologic hypertrophy. However, the role of C/EBPβ in pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed that C/EBPβ is involved in cardiac hypertrophy, the expression of C/EBPβ were significantly increased in response to hypertrophic stimulation in vitro and in vivo. C/EBPβ knockdown inhibited PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and diminished the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of p65-NFκB. These results suggested that C/EBPβ knockdown protected cardiomyocytes from hypertrophy, which may be attributed to inhibition of NFκB-dependent transcriptional activity. These findings shed new light on the understanding of C/EBPβ-related cardiomyopathy, and suggest the potential application of C/EBPβ inhibitors in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Siyu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 524000, China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luankun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwei Xian
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Gjidoda A, Tagore M, McAndrew MJ, Woods A, Floer M. Nucleosomes are stably evicted from enhancers but not promoters upon induction of certain pro-inflammatory genes in mouse macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93971. [PMID: 24705533 PMCID: PMC3976374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin is thought to act as a barrier for binding of cis-regulatory transcription factors (TFs) to their sites on DNA and recruitment of the transcriptional machinery. Here we have analyzed changes in nucleosome occupancy at the enhancers as well as at the promoters of three pro-inflammatory genes when they are induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in primary mouse macrophages. We find that nucleosomes are removed from the distal enhancers of IL12B and IL1A, as well as from the distal and proximal enhancers of IFNB1, and that clearance of enhancers correlates with binding of various cis-regulatory TFs. We further show that for IFNB1 the degree of nucleosome removal correlates well with the level of induction of the gene under different conditions. Surprisingly, we find that nucleosome occupancy at the promoters of IL12B and IL1A does not change significantly when the genes are induced, and that a considerably fraction of the cells is occupied by nucleosomes at any given time. We hypothesize that competing nucleosomes at the promoters of IL12B and IL1A may play a role in limiting the size of transcriptional bursts in individual cells, which may be important for controlling cytokine production in a population of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gjidoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mohita Tagore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael J. McAndrew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alexander Woods
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Monique Floer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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80
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Harada A, Okazaki E, Okada S, Tachibana T, Ohkawa Y. Production of a monoclonal antibody for C/EBPβ: the subnuclear localization of C/EBPβ in mouse L929 cells. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2014; 33:34-7. [PMID: 24555934 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2013.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)β belongs to the C/EBP family of proteins that possesses a basic leucine zipper DNA-binding domain. These proteins bind DNA by dimerization and play a role in the transcriptional regulation of various cells. There are six different types of C/EBPs, and some form isoforms through the use of alternative translation initiation sites. The functional analysis of the C/EBP family is therefore difficult to achieve. Here we report on the production of specific monoclonal antibodies against mouse C/EBPβ using a rat medial iliac lymph node method. Immunoblotting using C/EBPβ monoclonal antibodies identified two types of isoforms, while immunostaining revealed a subnuclear localization for C/EBPβ. Use of this antibody should contribute to the further elucidation of the transcriptional regulatory function of C/EBPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Harada
- 1 Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, JST-CREST, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
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Hanzu FA, Musri MM, Sánchez-Herrero A, Claret M, Esteban Y, Kaliman P, Gomis R, Párrizas M. Histone demethylase KDM1A represses inflammatory gene expression in preadipocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:E616-25. [PMID: 23595969 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persistent inflammation and impaired adipogenesis are frequent features of obesity and underlie the development of its complications. However, the factors behind adipose tissue dysfunction are not completely understood. Previously it was shown that histone demethylase KDM1A is required for adipogenesis. DESIGN AND METHODS Kdm1a expression was knocked down in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by siRNA transfection and whole-genome expression profiling was performed by microarray hybridization. The role of NF-κβ and C/EBPβ was analyzed by incubation with the inhibitor parthenolide and by cebpb knockdown, respectively. RESULTS Knockdown of kdm1a or rcor2 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes results in impaired differentiation and induction of inflammatory gene expression. Enhanced expression of il6 in kdm1a knocked down preadipocytes is associated with increased recruitment of C/EBPβ and the NF-κβ subunit RelA to the il6 promoter. Cebpb knockdown attenuates the induction of il6 expression in kdm1a knocked down cells, whereas simultaneous cebpb knockdown and NF-κβ inhibition abrogates it. Dietary-induced and genetic mouse models of obesity display decreased KDM1A in adipose tissue, and this correlates with increased expression of proinflammatory genes and C/EBPβ. CONCLUSION KDM1A represses the expression of inflammatory genes in preadipocytes. Dysregulated kdm1a expression in preadipocytes may thus participate in the development of obesity-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia A Hanzu
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory, IDIBAPS, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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82
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Li X, Li R, Jia Y, Sun Z, Yang X, Sun Q, Zhao R. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β is involved in the breed-dependent transcriptional regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ(5)-Δ(4)-isomerase in adrenal gland of preweaning piglets. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:273-80. [PMID: 23831357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ(5)-Δ(4)-isomerase (3β-HSD) catalyzes the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones. The molecular mechanisms regulating porcine adrenal 3β-HSD expression in different breeds are still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to compare the expression of 3β-HSD between preweaning purebred Large White (LW) and Erhualian (EHL) piglets and to explore the potential factors regulating 3β-HSD transcription. EHL had significantly higher serum levels of cortisol (P<0.01) and testosterone (P<0.01), which were associated with significantly higher expression of 3β-HSD mRNA (P<0.01) and protein (P<0.05) in the adrenal gland, compared with LW piglets. The 5' flanking region of the porcine 3β-HSD gene showed significant sequence variations between breeds, and the sequence of EHL demonstrated an elevated promoter activity (P<0.05) in luciferase reporter gene assay. Higher adrenal expression of 3β-HSD in EHL was accompanied with higher CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) expression (P<0.05), enriched histone H3 acetylation (P<0.05) and C/EBPβ binding to 3β-HSD promoter (P<0.05). In addition, higher androgen receptor (AR) (P=0.06) and lower glucocorticoid receptor (GR) (P<0.05) were detected in EHL. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed interactions of C/EBPβ with both AR and GR. These results indicate that the C/EBPβ binding to 3β-HSD promoter is responsible, at least in part, for the breed-dependent 3β-HSD expression in adrenal gland of piglets. The sequence variations of 3β-HSD promoter and the interactions of AR and/or GR with C/EBPβ may also participate in the regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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83
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Carmean CM, Bobe AM, Yu JC, Volden PA, Brady MJ. Refeeding-induced brown adipose tissue glycogen hyper-accumulation in mice is mediated by insulin and catecholamines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67807. [PMID: 23861810 PMCID: PMC3701606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) generates heat during adaptive thermogenesis through a combination of oxidative metabolism and uncoupling protein 1-mediated electron transport chain uncoupling, using both free-fatty acids and glucose as substrate. Previous rat-based work in 1942 showed that prolonged partial fasting followed by refeeding led to a dramatic, transient increase in glycogen stores in multiple fat depots. In the present study, the protocol was replicated in male CD1 mice, resulting in a 2000-fold increase in interscapular BAT (IBAT) glycogen levels within 4-12 hours (hr) of refeeding, with IBAT glycogen stores reaching levels comparable to fed liver glycogen. Lesser effects occurred in white adipose tissues (WAT). Over the next 36 hr, glycogen levels dissipated and histological analysis revealed an over-accumulation of lipid droplets, suggesting a potential metabolic connection between glycogenolysis and lipid synthesis. 24 hr of total starvation followed by refeeding induced a robust and consistent glycogen over-accumulation similar in magnitude and time course to the prolonged partial fast. Experimentation demonstrated that hyperglycemia was not sufficient to drive glycogen accumulation in IBAT, but that elevated circulating insulin was sufficient. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of catecholamine production reduced refeeding-induced IBAT glycogen storage, providing evidence of a contribution from the central nervous system. These findings highlight IBAT as a tissue that integrates both canonically-anabolic and catabolic stimulation for the promotion of glycogen storage during recovery from caloric deficit. The preservation of this robust response through many generations of animals not subjected to food deprivation suggests that the over-accumulation phenomenon plays a critical role in IBAT physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Carmean
- From the Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alexandria M. Bobe
- From the Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Justin C. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Volden
- From the Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- From the Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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84
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Heerwagen MJR, Stewart MS, de la Houssaye BA, Janssen RC, Friedman JE. Transgenic increase in N-3/n-6 Fatty Acid ratio reduces maternal obesity-associated inflammation and limits adverse developmental programming in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67791. [PMID: 23825686 PMCID: PMC3692451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal and pediatric obesity has risen dramatically over recent years, and is a known predictor of adverse long-term metabolic outcomes in offspring. However, which particular aspects of obese pregnancy promote such outcomes is less clear. While maternal obesity increases both maternal and placental inflammation, it is still unknown whether this is a dominant mechanism in fetal metabolic programming. In this study, we utilized the Fat-1 transgenic mouse to test whether increasing the maternal n-3/n-6 tissue fatty acid ratio could reduce the consequences of maternal obesity-associated inflammation and thereby mitigate downstream developmental programming. Eight-week-old WT or hemizygous Fat-1 C57BL/6J female mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) or control diet (CD) for 8 weeks prior to mating with WT chow-fed males. Only WT offspring from Fat-1 mothers were analyzed. WT-HFD mothers demonstrated increased markers of infiltrating adipose tissue macrophages (P<0.02), and a striking increase in 12 serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05), while Fat1-HFD mothers remained similar to WT-CD mothers, despite equal weight gain. E18.5 Fetuses from WT-HFD mothers had larger placentas (P<0.02), as well as increased placenta and fetal liver TG deposition (P<0.01 and P<0.02, respectively) and increased placental LPL TG-hydrolase activity (P<0.02), which correlated with degree of maternal insulin resistance (r = 0.59, P<0.02). The placentas and fetal livers from Fat1-HFD mothers were protected from this excess placental growth and fetal-placental lipid deposition. Importantly, maternal protection from excess inflammation corresponded with improved metabolic outcomes in adult WT offspring. While the offspring from WT-HFD mothers weaned onto CD demonstrated increased weight gain (P<0.05), body and liver fat (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively), and whole body insulin resistance (P<0.05), these were prevented in WT offspring from Fat1-HFD mothers. Our results suggest that reducing excess maternal inflammation may be a promising target for preventing adverse fetal metabolic outcomes in pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J. R. Heerwagen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Stewart
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Becky A. de la Houssaye
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rachel C. Janssen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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85
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Transactivation of Atg4b by C/EBPβ promotes autophagy to facilitate adipogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3180-90. [PMID: 23754749 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00193-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-digestion pathway involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Recent studies have implicated a pivotal role of autophagy in adipocyte differentiation, but the molecular mechanism for its role and how it is regulated during this process are not clear. Here, we show that CCAAT /enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), an important adipogenic factor, is required for the activation of autophagy during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. An autophagy-related gene, Atg4b, is identified as a de novo target gene of C/EBPβ and is shown to play an important role in 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, autophagy is required for the degradation of Klf2 and Klf3, two negative regulators of adipocyte differentiation, which is mediated by the adaptor protein p62/SQSTM1. Importantly, the regulation of autophagy by C/EBPβ and the role of autophagy in Klf2/3 degradation and in adipogenesis are further confirmed in mouse models. Our data describe a novel function of C/EBPβ in regulating autophagy and reveal the mechanism of autophagy during adipocyte differentiation. These new insights into the molecular mechanism of adipose tissue development provide a functional pathway with therapeutic potential against obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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86
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Padilla J, Jenkins NT, Vieira-Potter VJ, Laughlin MH. Divergent phenotype of rat thoracic and abdominal perivascular adipose tissues. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 304:R543-52. [PMID: 23389108 PMCID: PMC3627942 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00567.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is implicated as a source of proatherogenic cytokines. Phenotypic differences in local PVAT depots may contribute to differences in disease susceptibility among arteries and even regions within an artery. It has been proposed that PVAT around the abdominal and thoracic aorta shares characteristics of white and brown adipose tissue (BAT), respectively; however, a detailed comparison of the phenotype of these PVAT depots has not been performed. Using young and older adult rats, we compared the phenotype of PVATs surrounding the abdominal and thoracic aorta to each other and also to epididymal white and subscapular BAT. Compared with young rats, older rats exhibited greater percent body fat (34.5 ± 3.1 vs. 10.4 ± 0.9%), total cholesterol (112.2 ± 7.5 vs. 58.7 ± 6.3 mg/dl), HOMA-insulin resistance (1.7 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.1 a.u.), as well as reduced ACh-induced relaxation of the aorta (maximal relaxation: 54 ± 10 vs. 77 ± 6%) (all P < 0.05). Expression of inflammatory genes and markers of immune cell infiltration were greater in abdominal PVAT than in thoracic PVAT, and overall, abdominal and thoracic PVATs resembled the phenotype of white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT, respectively. Histology and electron microscopy indicated structural similarity between visceral WAT and abdominal PVAT and between BAT and thoracic PVAT. Our data provide evidence that abdominal PVAT is more inflamed than thoracic PVAT, a difference that was by and large independent of sedentary aging. Phenotypic differences in PVAT between regions of the aorta may be relevant in light of the evidence in large animals and humans that the abdominal aorta is more vulnerable to atherosclerosis than the thoracic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Padilla
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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87
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Okwan-Duodu D, Umpierrez GE, Brawley OW, Diaz R. Obesity-driven inflammation and cancer risk: role of myeloid derived suppressor cells and alternately activated macrophages. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:21-33. [PMID: 23359288 PMCID: PMC3555202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During carcinogenesis, tumors induce dysfunctional development of hematopoietic cells. Myeloid lineage cells, in the form of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and alternatively polarized M2 macrophages, influence almost all types of cancers by regulating diverse facets of immunosuppression, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, growth and metastasis. One-third of Americans are obese, and accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is a risk factor for various cancers. However, the relationship between these immune players and obesity are not well-described. In this review, we evaluate potential mechanisms through which different aspects of obesity, namely insulin resistance, increased estrogen, adiposity and low grade chronic inflammation from adipose tissue macrophages, may coalesce to promote MDSC induction and M2 macrophage polarization, thereby facilitating cancer development. Detailed understanding of the interplay between obesity and myeloid mediated immunosuppression may provide novel avenues for therapeutic targeting, with the goal to reduce the challenge obesity presents towards gains made in cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta GA USA 30322
| | | | - Otis W Brawley
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta GA USA 30322
| | - Roberto Diaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta GA USA 30322
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88
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Rahman SM, Choudhury M, Janssen RC, Baquero KC, Miyazaki M, Friedman JE. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β deletion increases mitochondrial function and protects mice from LXR-induced hepatic steatosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 430:336-9. [PMID: 23159614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drugs designed specifically to activate liver X receptors (LXRs) have beneficial effects on lowering cholesterol metabolism and inflammation but unfortunately lead to severe hepatic steatosis. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator of liver gene expression but little is known about its involvement in LXR-based steatosis and cholesterol metabolism. The present study investigated the role of C/EBPβ expression in LXR agonist (T0901317)-mediated alteration of hepatic triglyceride (TG) and lipogenesis in mice. C/EBPβ deletion in mice prevented LXR agonist-mediated induction of lipogenic gene expression in liver in conjunction with significant reduction of liver TG accumulation. Surprisingly, C/EBPβ(-/-) mice showed a major increase in liver mitochondrial electron chain function compared to WT mice. Furthermore, LXR activation in C/EBPβ(-/-) mice increased the expression of liver ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG1, a gene implicated in cholesterol efflux and reducing blood levels of total and LDL-cholesterol. Together, these findings establish a central role for C/EBPβ in the LXR-mediated steatosis and mitochondrial function, without impairing the influence of LXR activation on lowering LDL and increasing HDL-cholesterol. Inactivation of C/EBPβ might therefore be an important therapeutic strategy to prevent LXR activation-mediated adverse effects on liver TG metabolism without disrupting its beneficial effects on cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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89
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Qadri I, Choudhury M, Rahman SM, Knotts TA, Janssen RC, Schaack J, Iwahashi M, Puljak L, Simon FR, Kilic G, Fitz JG, Friedman JE. Increased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression and steatosis during hepatitis C virus subgenome replication: role of nonstructural component 5A and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37340-51. [PMID: 22955269 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.384743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection greatly increases the risk for type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; however, the pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we report gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) transcription and associated transcription factors are dramatically up-regulated in Huh.8 cells, which stably express an HCV subgenome replicon. HCV increased activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and involved activation of the cAMP response element in the PEPCK promoter. Infection with dominant-negative CREB or C/EBPβ-shRNA significantly reduced or normalized PEPCK expression, with no change in PGC-1α or FOXO1 levels. Notably, expression of HCV nonstructural component NS5A in Huh7 or primary hepatocytes stimulated PEPCK gene expression and glucose output in HepG2 cells, whereas a deletion in NS5A reduced PEPCK expression and lowered cellular lipids but was without effect on insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the inability of insulin to stimulate mobilization of a pool of insulin-responsive vesicles to the plasma membrane. HCV-replicating cells demonstrated increases in cellular lipids with insulin resistance at the level of the insulin receptor, increased insulin receptor substrate 1 (Ser-312), and decreased Akt (Ser-473) activation in response to insulin. C/EBPβ-RNAi normalized lipogenic genes sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and liver X receptor α but was unable to reduce accumulation of triglycerides in Huh.8 cells or reverse the increase in ApoB expression, suggesting a role for increased lipid retention in steatotic hepatocytes. Collectively, these data reveal an important role of NS5A, C/EBPβ, and pCREB in promoting HCV-induced gluconeogenic gene expression and suggest that increased C/EBPβ and NS5A may be essential components leading to increased gluconeogenesis associated with HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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