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Pichot CS, Arvanitis C, Hartig SM, Jensen SA, Bechill J, Marzouk S, Yu J, Frost JA, Corey SJ. Cdc42-interacting protein 4 promotes breast cancer cell invasion and formation of invadopodia through activation of N-WASp. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8347-56. [PMID: 20940394 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the earliest stages of metastasis, breast cancer cells must reorganize the cytoskeleton to affect cell shape change and promote cell invasion and motility. These events require the cytoskeletal regulators Cdc42 and Rho, their effectors such as N-WASp/WAVE, and direct inducers of actin polymerization such as Arp2/3. Little consideration has been given to molecules that shape the cell membrane. The F-BAR proteins CIP4, TOCA-1, and FBP17 generate membrane curvature and act as scaffolding proteins for activated Cdc42 and N-WASp. We found that expression of CIP4, but not TOCA-1 or FBP17, was increased in invasive breast cancer cell lines in comparison with weakly or noninvasive breast cancer cell lines. Endogenous CIP4 localized to the leading edge of migrating cells and to invadopodia in cells invading gelatin. Because CIP4 serves as a scaffolding protein for Cdc42, Src, and N-WASp, we tested whether loss of CIP4 could result in decreased N-WASp function. Interaction between CIP4 and N-WASp was epidermal growth factor responsive, and CIP4 silencing by small interfering RNA caused decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of N-WASp at a Src-dependent activation site (Y256). CIP4 silencing also impaired the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and was associated with decreased formation of invadopodia and gelatin degradation. This study presents a new role for CIP4 in the promotion of migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and establishes the contribution of F-BAR proteins to cancer cell motility and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Pichot
- Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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52
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Wu M, Huang B, Graham M, Raimondi A, Heuser JE, Zhuang X, De Camilli P. Coupling between clathrin-dependent endocytic budding and F-BAR-dependent tubulation in a cell-free system. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:902-8. [PMID: 20729836 PMCID: PMC3338250 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free reconstitution of membrane traffic reactions and the morphological characterization of membrane intermediates that accumulate under these conditions have helped to elucidate the physical and molecular mechanisms involved in membrane transport. To gain a better understanding of endocytosis, we have reconstituted vesicle budding and fission from isolated plasma membrane sheets and imaged these events. Electron and fluorescence microscopy, including subdiffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), revealed F-BAR (FBP17) domain coated tubules nucleated by clathrin-coated buds when fission was blocked by GTPgammaS. Triggering fission by replacing GTPgammaS with GTP led not only to separation of clathrin-coated buds, but also to vesicle formation by fragmentation of the tubules. These results suggest a functional link between FBP17-dependent membrane tubulation and clathrin-dependent budding. They also show that clathrin spatially directs plasma membrane invaginations that lead to the generation of endocytic vesicles larger than those enclosed by the coat.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Acyltransferases/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/physiology
- Cell Membrane/ultrastructure
- Cell Membrane Structures/drug effects
- Cell Membrane Structures/physiology
- Cell Membrane Structures/ultrastructure
- Cell-Free System/drug effects
- Cell-Free System/physiology
- Clathrin/immunology
- Clathrin/metabolism
- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/drug effects
- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/physiology
- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/ultrastructure
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Dynamins/metabolism
- Endocytosis/drug effects
- Endocytosis/physiology
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins
- Fibroblasts
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology
- Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Humans
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Models, Biological
- Potoroidae
- Rats
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Thiazolidines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Morven Graham
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - John E. Heuser
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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53
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Bu W, Lim KB, Yu YH, Chou AM, Sudhaharan T, Ahmed S. Cdc42 interaction with N-WASP and Toca-1 regulates membrane tubulation, vesicle formation and vesicle motility: implications for endocytosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12153. [PMID: 20730103 PMCID: PMC2921345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transducer of Cdc42-dependent actin assembly (Toca-1) consists of an F-BAR domain, a Cdc42 binding site and an SH3 domain. Toca-1 interacts with N-WASP, an activator of actin nucleation that binds Cdc42. Cdc42 may play an important role in regulating Toca-1 and N-WASP functions. We report here that the cellular expression of Toca-1 and N-WASP induces membrane tubulation and the formation of motile vesicles. Marker and uptake analysis suggests that the tubules and vesicles are associated with clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) analysis shows that Cdc42, N-WASP and Toca-1 form a trimer complex on the membrane tubules and vesicles and that Cdc42 interaction with N-WASP is critical for complex formation. Modulation of Cdc42 interaction with Toca-1 and/or N-WASP affects membrane tubulation, vesicle formation and vesicle motility. Thus Cdc42 may influence endocytic membrane trafficking by regulating the formation and activity of the Toca-1/N-WASP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Bu
- Neural Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim Buay Lim
- Neural Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Hong Yu
- Neural Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ai Mei Chou
- Neural Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thankiah Sudhaharan
- Neural Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sohail Ahmed
- Neural Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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54
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Galletta BJ, Mooren OL, Cooper JA. Actin dynamics and endocytosis in yeast and mammals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:604-10. [PMID: 20637595 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tight regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is critical for many cell functions, including various forms of cellular uptake. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the main methods of uptake in many cell types. An intact and properly regulated actin cytoskeleton is required for CME in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast CME requires the proper regulation of actin polymerization, filament cross-linking, and filament disassembly. Recent studies also point to a role for F-BAR and BAR-domain containing proteins in linking the processes of generating and sensing plasma membrane curvature with those regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Many of these same proteins are conserved in mammalian CME. However, until recently the requirement for actin in mammalian CME was less clear. Several recent studies in mammalian cells provide new support for an actin requirement in the invagination and late stages of CME. This review focuses on the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton during CME in yeast and the emerging evidence for a role for actin during mammalian CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Galletta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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55
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Masuda M, Mochizuki N. Structural characteristics of BAR domain superfamily to sculpt the membrane. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:391-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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56
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Abstract
The dynamic remolding of the actin cytoskeleton is a critical part of most cellular activities, and malfunction of cytoskeletal proteins results in various human diseases. The transition between two forms of actin, monomeric or G-actin and filamentous or F-actin, is tightly regulated in time and space by a large number of signaling, scaffolding and actin-binding proteins (ABPs). New ABPs are constantly being discovered in the post-genomic era. Most of these proteins are modular, integrating actin binding, protein-protein interaction, membrane-binding, and signaling domains. In response to extracellular signals, often mediated by Rho family GTPases, ABPs control different steps of actin cytoskeleton assembly, including filament nucleation, elongation, severing, capping, and depolymerization. This review summarizes structure-function relationships among ABPs in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Haeng Lee
- Chosun University School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Gwangju 501-759, Korea.
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57
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Feng Y, Hartig SM, Bechill JE, Blanchard EG, Caudell E, Corey SJ. The Cdc42-interacting protein-4 (CIP4) gene knock-out mouse reveals delayed and decreased endocytosis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:4348-54. [PMID: 19920150 PMCID: PMC2836039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly described F-BAR (Fer/CIP4 and Bin, amphiphysin, Rvs) family of proteins includes Cdc42-interacting protein-4 (CIP4), formin-binding protein-17 (FBP-17) and transactivator of cytoskeletal assembly-1 (Toca-1), and drives membrane deformation and invagination. Membrane remodeling affects endocytosis, vesicle budding, and cargo selection. The F-BAR family presents a novel family of proteins, which little is known about their in vivo function. We investigated the physiological role of CIP4, by creating Cip4-null mice through homologous recombination. Compared with their wild-type littermates, the Cip4-null mice displayed lower early post-prandial glucose levels. Adipocytes isolated from Cip4-null mice exhibited increased [(14)C]2-deoxyglucose uptake compared with cells from wild-type mice. The enhanced insulin sensitivity was not due to higher levels of insulin or phospho-Akt, a critical player in insulin signaling. However, higher glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels were detected in muscle membrane fractions in Cip4-null mice under insulin stimulation. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Cip4-null mice demonstrated decreased transferrin uptake, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, and horseradish peroxidase uptake, indicating that CIP4 affects multiple modes of endocytosis. These studies demonstrate a physiological role for CIP4 in endocytosis leading to a whole animal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Feng
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Biology and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Sean M. Hartig
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - John E. Bechill
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Biology and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Elisabeth G. Blanchard
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Eva Caudell
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Seth J. Corey
- From the Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Biology and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
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58
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You JJ, Lin-Chao S. Gas7 functions with N-WASP to regulate the neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:11652-66. [PMID: 20150425 PMCID: PMC3283256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritogenesis, or neurite outgrowth, is a critical process for neuronal differentiation and maturation in which growth cones are formed from highly dynamic actin structures. Gas7 (growth arrest-specific gene 7), a new member of the PCH (Pombe Cdc15 homology) protein family, is predominantly expressed in neurons and is required for the maturation of primary cultured Purkinje neurons as well as the neuron-like differentiation of PC12 cells upon nerve growth factor stimulation. We report that Gas7 co-localizes and physically interacts with N-WASP, a key regulator of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin polymerization, in the cortical region of Gas7-transfected Neuro-2a cells and growth cones of hippocampal neurons. The interaction between Gas7 and N-WASP is mediated by WW-Pro domains, which is unique in the PCH protein family, where most interactions are of the SH3-Pro kind. The interaction contributes to the formation of membrane protrusions and processes by recruiting the Arp2/3 complex in a Cdc42-independent manner. Importantly, specific interaction between Gas7 and N-WASP is required for regular neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons. The data demonstrate an essential role of Gas7 through its interaction with N-WASP during neuronal maturation/differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhong-Jhe You
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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59
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Dynamin 2 and human diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 88:339-50. [PMID: 20127478 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin 2 (DNM2) mutations cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy, a rare form of congenital myopathy, and intermediate and axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral neuropathy. DNM2 is a large GTPase mainly involved in membrane trafficking through its function in the formation and release of nascent vesicles from biological membranes. DNM2 participates in clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis and intracellular membrane trafficking (from endosomes and Golgi apparatus). Recent studies have also implicated DNM2 in exocytosis. DNM2 belongs to the machinery responsible for the formation of vesicles and regulates the cytoskeleton providing intracellular vesicle transport. In addition, DNM2 tightly interacts with and is involved in the regulation of actin and microtubule networks, independent from membrane trafficking processes. We summarize here the molecular, biochemical, and functional data on DNM2 and discuss the possible pathophysiological mechanisms via which DNM2 mutations can lead to two distinct neuromuscular disorders.
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60
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Members of the CIP4 family of proteins participate in the regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta-dependent actin reorganization and migration. Biol Cell 2010; 102:215-30. [PMID: 19909236 DOI: 10.1042/bc20090033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The F-BAR {Fes/CIP4 [Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42)-interacting protein 4] homology and BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs)} proteins have emerged as important co-ordinators of signalling pathways that regulate actin assembly and membrane dynamics. The presence of the F-BAR domain is the hallmark of this family of proteins and the CIP4 (Cdc42-interacting protein 4) was one of the first identified vertebrate F-BAR proteins. There are three human CIP4 paralogues, namely CIP4, FBP17 (formin-binding protein 17) and Toca-1 (transducer of Cdc42-dependent actin assembly 1). The CIP4-like proteins have been implicated in Cdc42-dependent actin reorganization and in regulation of membrane deformation events visible as tubulation of lipid bilayers. RESULTS We performed side-by-side analyses of the three CIP4 paralogues. We found that the three CIP4-like proteins vary in their effectiveness to catalyse membrane tubulation and actin reorganization. Moreover, we show that the CIP4-dependent membrane tubulation is enhanced in the presence of activated Cdc42. Some F-BAR members have been shown to have a role in the endocytosis of the EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor and this prompted us to study the involvement of the CIP4-like proteins in signalling of the PDGFRbeta [PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) beta-receptor]. We found that knock-down of CIP4-like proteins resulted in a prolonged formation of PDGF-induced dorsal ruffles, as well as an increased PDGF-dependent cell migration. This was most likely a consequence of a sustained PDGFRbeta activation caused by delayed internalization of the receptor in the cells treated with siRNA (small interfering RNA) specific for the CIP4-like proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that CIP4-like proteins induced membrane tubulation downstream of Cdc42 and that they have important roles in PDGF-dependent actin reorganization and cell migration by regulating internalization and activity of the PDGFRbeta. Moreover, the results suggest an important role for the CIP4-like proteins in the regulation of the activity of the PDGFRbeta.
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61
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Takenawa T. Phosphoinositide-binding interface proteins involved in shaping cell membranes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2010; 86:509-23. [PMID: 20467216 PMCID: PMC3108299 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which cell and cell membrane shapes are created has long been a subject of great interest. Among the phosphoinositide-binding proteins, a group of proteins that can change the shape of membranes, in addition to the phosphoinositide-binding ability, has been found. These proteins, which contain membrane-deforming domains such as the BAR, EFC/F-BAR, and the IMD/I-BAR domains, led to inward-invaginated tubes or outward protrusions of the membrane, resulting in a variety of membrane shapes. Furthermore, these proteins not only bind to phosphoinositide, but also to the N-WASP/WAVE complex and the actin polymerization machinery, which generates a driving force to shape the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaomi Takenawa
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan.
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62
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Requirements for F-BAR proteins TOCA-1 and TOCA-2 in actin dynamics and membrane trafficking during Caenorhabditis elegans oocyte growth and embryonic epidermal morphogenesis. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000675. [PMID: 19798448 PMCID: PMC2744924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The TOCA family of F-BAR–containing proteins bind to and remodel lipid bilayers via their conserved F-BAR domains, and regulate actin dynamics via their N-Wasp binding SH3 domains. Thus, these proteins are predicted to play a pivotal role in coordinating membrane traffic with actin dynamics during cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. By combining genetic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans with cellular biochemical experiments in mammalian cells, we showed that: i) loss of CeTOCA proteins reduced the efficiency of Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in oocytes. Genetic interference with CeTOCAs interacting proteins WSP-1 and WVE-1, and other components of the WVE-1 complex, produced a similar effect. Oocyte endocytosis defects correlated well with reduced egg production in these mutants. ii) CeTOCA proteins localize to cell–cell junctions and are required for proper embryonic morphogenesis, to position hypodermal cells and to organize junctional actin and the junction-associated protein AJM-1. iii) Double mutant analysis indicated that the toca genes act in the same pathway as the nematode homologue of N-WASP/WASP, wsp-1. Furthermore, mammalian TOCA-1 and C. elegans CeTOCAs physically associated with N-WASP and WSP-1 directly, or WAVE2 indirectly via ABI-1. Thus, we propose that TOCA proteins control tissues morphogenesis by coordinating Clathrin-dependent membrane trafficking with WAVE and N-WASP–dependent actin-dynamics. Cells continuously remodel their shape especially during cell migration, differentiation, and tissues morphogenesis. This occurs through the dynamic reorganization of their plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton: two processes that must therefore be intimately linked and coordinated. Molecules that sit at the crossroads of membrane remodeling and actin dynamics are predicted to play a pivotal role in coordinating these processes. The TOCA family of proteins represents a case in point. These proteins bind to and deform membranes during processes such as membrane trafficking. They also control actin dynamics through their interactions with actin remodeling factors, such as WASP and WAVEs. Here, we characterize the functional role of TOCA proteins in a model organism, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We established that toca genes regulate Clathrin-mediated membrane trafficking during oocyte growth. We further discovered that these proteins play an important role in epithelial morphogenesis in developing embryos, and in egg production in adult nematodes. Moreover, the TOCA interacting proteins WASP/WSP-1 and WAVE/WVE-1, as well as other components of the WVE-1 complex, appear to be involved in TOCA-dependent processes. Thus, we propose that TOCA proteins control tissue morphogenesis by coordinating Clathrin-dependent membrane trafficking with WAVE and N-WASP–dependent actin-dynamics.
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Aspenström P. Formin-binding proteins: modulators of formin-dependent actin polymerization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1803:174-82. [PMID: 19589360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Formins represent a major branch of actin nucleators along with the Arp2/3 complex, Spire and Cordon-bleu. Formin-mediated actin nucleation requires the formin homology 2 domain and, although the nucleation per se does not require additional factors, formin-binding proteins have been shown to be essential for the regulation of formin-dependent actin assembly in vivo. This regulation could be accomplished by formin-binding proteins being directly involved in formin-driven actin nucleation, by formin-binding proteins influencing the activated state of the formins, by linking formin-driven actin polymerization to Arp2/3 driven actin polymerization, or by influencing the subcellular localization of the formins. This review article will focus on mammalian formin-binding proteins and their roles during vital cellular processes, such as cell migration, cell division and intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Box 280, Nobels väg 16, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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64
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Waite AL, Schaner P, Richards N, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Masters SL, Brydges SD, Fox M, Hong A, Yilmaz E, Kastner DL, Reinherz EL, Gumucio DL. Pyrin Modulates the Intracellular Distribution of PSTPIP1. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6147. [PMID: 19584923 PMCID: PMC2702820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PSTPIP1 is a cytoskeleton-associated adaptor protein that links PEST-type phosphatases to their substrates. Mutations in PSTPIP1 cause PAPA syndrome (Pyogenic sterile Arthritis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, and Acne), an autoinflammatory disease. PSTPIP1 binds to pyrin and mutations in pyrin result in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), a related autoinflammatory disorder. Since disease-associated mutations in PSTPIP1 enhance pyrin binding, PAPA syndrome and FMF are thought to share a common pathoetiology. The studies outlined here describe several new aspects of PSTPIP1 and pyrin biology. We document that PSTPIP1, which has homology to membrane-deforming BAR proteins, forms homodimers and generates membrane-associated filaments in native and transfected cells. An extended FCH (Fes-Cip4 homology) domain in PSTPIP1 is necessary and sufficient for its self-aggregation. We further show that the PSTPIP1 filament network is dependent upon an intact tubulin cytoskeleton and that the distribution of this network can be modulated by pyrin, indicating that this is a dynamic structure. Finally, we demonstrate that pyrin can recruit PSTPIP1 into aggregations (specks) of ASC, another pyrin binding protein. ASC specks are associated with inflammasome activity. PSTPIP1 molecules with PAPA-associated mutations are recruited by pyrin to ASC specks with particularly high efficiency, suggesting a unique mechanism underlying the robust inflammatory phenotype of PAPA syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Waite
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Philip Schaner
- Division of Radiology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Neil Richards
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Seth L. Masters
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susannah D. Brydges
- Genetics and Genomics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michelle Fox
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arthur Hong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Engin Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Daniel L. Kastner
- Genetics and Genomics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ellis L. Reinherz
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory of Immunology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deborah L. Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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65
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Hartig SM, Ishikura S, Hicklen RS, Feng Y, Blanchard EG, Voelker KA, Pichot CS, Grange RW, Raphael RM, Klip A, Corey SJ. The F-BAR protein CIP4 promotes GLUT4 endocytosis through bidirectional interactions with N-WASp and Dynamin-2. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2283-91. [PMID: 19509061 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.041343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
F-BAR proteins are a newly described family of proteins with unknown physiological significance. Because F-BAR proteins, including Cdc42 interacting protein-4 (CIP4), drive membrane deformation and affect endocytosis, we investigated the role of CIP4 in GLUT4 traffic by flow cytometry in GLUT4myc-expressing L6 myoblasts (L6 GLUT4myc). L6 GLUT4myc cells express CIP4a as the predominant F-BAR protein. siRNA knockdown of CIP4 increased insulin-stimulated (14)C-deoxyglucose uptake by elevating cell-surface GLUT4. Enhanced surface GLUT4 was due to decreased endocytosis, which correlated with lower transferrin internalization. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous CIP4 revealed that CIP4 interacted with N-WASp and Dynamin-2 in an insulin-dependent manner. FRET confirmed the insulin-dependent, subcellular properties of these interactions. Insulin exposure stimulated specific interactions in plasma membrane and cytosolic compartments, followed by a steady-state response that underlies the coordination of proteins needed for GLUT4 traffic. Our findings reveal a physiological function for F-BAR proteins, supporting a previously unrecognized role for the F-BAR protein CIP4 in GLUT4 endocytosis, and show that interactions between CIP4 and Dynamin-2 and between CIP4 and NWASp are spatially coordinated to promote function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Hartig
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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66
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Abstract
Among an increasing number of lipid-binding domains, a group that not only binds to membrane lipids but also changes the shape of the membrane has been found. These domains are characterized by their strong ability to transform globular liposomes as well as flat plasma membranes into elongated membrane tubules both in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical studies on the structures of these proteins have revealed the importance of the amphipathic helix, which potentially intercalates into the lipid bilayer to induce and/or sense membrane curvature. Among such membrane-deforming domains, BAR and F-BAR/EFC domains form crescent-shaped dimers, suggesting a preference for a curved membrane, which is important for curvature sensing. Bioinformatics in combination with structural analyses has been identifying an increasing number of novel families of lipid-binding domains. This review attempts to summarize the evidence obtained by recent studies in order to gain general insights into the roles of membrane-deforming domains in a variety of biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Itoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Japan.
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67
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Lee S, Han JW, Leeper L, Gruver JS, Chung CY. Regulation of the formation and trafficking of vesicles from Golgi by PCH family proteins during chemotaxis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1199-209. [PMID: 19409937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous study demonstrated that WASP localizes on vesicles during Dictyostelium chemotaxis and these vesicles appear to be preferentially distributed at the leading and trailing edge of migrating cells. In this study, we have examined the role of PCH family proteins, Nwk/Bzz1p-like protein (NLP) and Syndapin-like protein (SLP), in the regulation of the formation and trafficking of WASP-vesicles during chemotaxis. NLP and SLP appear to be functionally redundant and deletion of both nlp and slp genes causes the loss of polarized F-actin organization and significant defects in chemotaxis. WASP and NLP are colocalized on vesicles and interactions between two molecules via the SH3 domain of NLP/SLP and the proline-rich repeats of WASP are required for vesicle formation from Golgi. Microtubules are required for polarized trafficking of these vesicles as vesicles showing high directed mobility are absent in cells treated with nocodazole. Our results suggest that interaction of WASP with NLP/SLP is required for the formation and trafficking of vesicles from Golgi to the membrane, which might play a central role in the establishment of cell polarity during chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
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68
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Huett A, Ng A, Cao Z, Kuballa P, Komatsu M, Daly MJ, Podolsky DK, Xavier RJ. A novel hybrid yeast-human network analysis reveals an essential role for FNBP1L in antibacterial autophagy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:4917-30. [PMID: 19342671 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process required for the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, and intracellular pathogens. We used a network analysis strategy to identify novel human autophagy components based upon the yeast interactome centered on the core yeast autophagy proteins. This revealed the potential involvement of 14 novel mammalian genes in autophagy, several of which have known or predicted roles in membrane organization or dynamics. We selected one of these membrane interactors, FNBP1L (formin binding protein 1-like), an F-BAR-containing protein (also termed Toca-1), for further study based upon a predicted interaction with ATG3. We confirmed the FNBP1L/ATG3 interaction biochemically and mapped the FNBP1L domains responsible. Using a functional RNA interference approach, we determined that FNBP1L is essential for autophagy of the intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and show that the autophagy process serves to restrict the growth of intracellular bacteria. However, FNBP1L appears dispensable for other forms of autophagy induced by serum starvation or rapamycin. We present a model where FNBP1L is essential for autophagy of intracellular pathogens and identify FNBP1L as a differentially used molecule in specific autophagic contexts. By using network biology to derive functional biological information, we demonstrate the utility of integrated genomics to novel molecule discovery in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Huett
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, MassachusettsGeneral Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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69
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Tsuboi S, Takada H, Hara T, Mochizuki N, Funyu T, Saitoh H, Terayama Y, Yamaya K, Ohyama C, Nonoyama S, Ochs HD. FBP17 Mediates a Common Molecular Step in the Formation of Podosomes and Phagocytic Cups in Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:8548-56. [PMID: 19155218 PMCID: PMC2659213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805638200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages act to protect the body against inflammation and infection by engaging in chemotaxis and phagocytosis. In chemotaxis, macrophages use an actin-based membrane structure, the podosome, to migrate to inflamed tissues. In phagocytosis, macrophages form another type of actin-based membrane structure, the phagocytic cup, to ingest foreign materials such as bacteria. The formation of these membrane structures is severely affected in macrophages from patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), an X chromosome-linked immunodeficiency disorder. WAS patients lack WAS protein (WASP), suggesting that WASP is required for the formation of podosomes and phagocytic cups. Here we have demonstrated that formin-binding protein 17 (FBP17) recruits WASP, WASP-interacting protein (WIP), and dynamin-2 to the plasma membrane and that this recruitment is necessary for the formation of podosomes and phagocytic cups. The N-terminal EFC (extended FER-CIP4 homology)/F-BAR (FER-CIP4 homology and Bin-amphiphysin-Rvs) domain of FBP17 was previously shown to have membrane binding and deformation activities. Our results suggest that FBP17 facilitates membrane deformation and actin polymerization to occur simultaneously at the same membrane sites, which mediates a common molecular step in the formation of podosomes and phagocytic cups. These results provide a potential mechanism underlying the recurrent infections in WAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tsuboi
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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70
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Heath RJW, Insall RH. F-BAR domains: multifunctional regulators of membrane curvature. J Cell Sci 2009; 121:1951-4. [PMID: 18525024 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.023895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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71
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Takano K, Takano K, Toyooka K, Suetsugu S. EFC/F-BAR proteins and the N-WASP-WIP complex induce membrane curvature-dependent actin polymerization. EMBO J 2008; 27:2817-28. [PMID: 18923421 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended Fer-CIP4 homology (EFC)/FCH-BAR (F-BAR) domains generate and bind to tubular membrane structures of defined diameters that are involved in the formation and fission of endocytotic vesicles. Formin-binding protein 17 (FBP17) and Toca-1 contain EFC/F-BAR domains and bind to neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which links phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) and the Rho family GTPase Cdc42 to the Arp2/3 complex. The N-WASP-WASP-interacting protein (WIP) complex, a predominant form of N-WASP in cells, is known to be activated by Toca-1 and Cdc42. Here, we show that N-WASP-WIP complex-mediated actin polymerization is activated by phosphatidylserine-containing membranes depending on membrane curvature in the presence of Toca-1 or FBP17 and in the absence of Cdc42 and PIP(2). Cdc42 further promoted the activation of actin polymerization by N-WASP-WIP. Toca-1 or FBP17 recruited N-WASP-WIP to the membrane. Conserved acidic residues near the SH3 domain of Toca-1 and FBP17 positioned the N-WASP-WIP to be spatially close to the membrane for activation of actin polymerization. Therefore, curvature-dependent actin polymerization is stimulated by spatially appropriate interactions of EFC/F-BAR proteins and the N-WASP-WIP complex with the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Takano
- Laboratory of Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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72
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Frost A, Perera R, Roux A, Spasov K, Destaing O, Egelman EH, De Camilli P, Unger VM. Structural basis of membrane invagination by F-BAR domains. Cell 2008; 132:807-17. [PMID: 18329367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BAR superfamily domains shape membranes through poorly understood mechanisms. We solved structures of F-BAR modules bound to flat and curved bilayers using electron (cryo)microscopy. We show that membrane tubules form when F-BARs polymerize into helical coats that are held together by lateral and tip-to-tip interactions. On gel-state membranes or after mutation of residues along the lateral interaction surface, F-BARs adsorb onto bilayers via surfaces other than their concave face. We conclude that membrane binding is separable from membrane bending, and that imposition of the module's concave surface forces fluid-phase bilayers to bend locally. Furthermore, exposure of the domain's lateral interaction surface through a change in orientation serves as the crucial trigger for assembly of the helical coat and propagation of bilayer bending. The geometric constraints and sequential assembly of the helical lattice explain how F-BAR and classical BAR domains segregate into distinct microdomains, and provide insight into the spatial regulation of membrane invagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Frost
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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73
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Aspenström P. Roles of F-BAR/PCH proteins in the regulation of membrane dynamics and actin reorganization. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 272:1-31. [PMID: 19121815 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Pombe Cdc15 Homology (PCH) proteins have emerged in many species as important coordinators of signaling pathways that regulate actomyosin assembly and membrane dynamics. The hallmark of the PCH proteins is the presence of a Fes/CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvsp (F-BAR) domain; therefore they are commonly referred to as F-BAR proteins. The prototype F-BAR protein, Cdc15p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has a role in the formation of the contractile actomyosin ring during cytokinesis. Vertebrate F-BAR proteins have an established role in binding phospholipids and they participate in membrane deformations, for instance, during the internalization of transmembrane receptors. This way the F-BAR proteins will function as linkers between the actin polymerization apparatus and the machinery regulating membrane dynamics. Interestingly, some members of the F-BAR proteins are implicated in inflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders and the observations can be expected to have clinical implications for the treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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74
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Uezu A, Horiuchi A, Kanda K, Kikuchi N, Umeda K, Tsujita K, Suetsugu S, Araki N, Yamamoto H, Takenawa T, Nakanishi H. SGIP1α Is an Endocytic Protein That Directly Interacts with Phospholipids and Eps15. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:26481-9. [PMID: 17626015 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703815200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
SGIP1 has been shown to be an endophilin-interacting protein that regulates energy balance, but its function is not fully understood. Here, we identified its splicing variant of SGIP1 and named it SGIP1alpha. SGIP1alpha bound to phosphatidylserine and phosphoinositides and deformed the plasma membrane and liposomes into narrow tubules, suggesting the involvement in vesicle formation during endocytosis. SGIP1alpha furthermore bound to Eps15, an important adaptor protein of clathrin-mediated endocytic machinery. SGIP1alpha was colocalized with Eps15 and the AP-2 complex. Upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, SGIP1alpha was colocalized with EGF at the plasma membrane, indicating the localization of SGIP1alpha at clathrin-coated pits/vesicles. SGIP1alpha overexpression reduced transferrin and EGF endocytosis. SGIP1alpha knockdown reduced transferrin endocytosis but not EGF endocytosis; this difference may be due to the presence of redundant pathways in EGF endocytosis. These results suggest that SGIP1alpha plays an essential role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis by interacting with phospholipids and Eps15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Uezu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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75
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Lettau M, Beyer A, Janssen O. Novel monoclonal antibodies for the investigation of PCH family proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/sita.200600130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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76
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Shimada A, Niwa H, Tsujita K, Suetsugu S, Nitta K, Hanawa-Suetsugu K, Akasaka R, Nishino Y, Toyama M, Chen L, Liu ZJ, Wang BC, Yamamoto M, Terada T, Miyazawa A, Tanaka A, Sugano S, Shirouzu M, Nagayama K, Takenawa T, Yokoyama S. Curved EFC/F-BAR-domain dimers are joined end to end into a filament for membrane invagination in endocytosis. Cell 2007; 129:761-72. [PMID: 17512409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) proteins play an important role in a variety of actin-based processes, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). The defining feature of the PCH proteins is an evolutionarily conserved EFC/F-BAR domain for membrane association and tubulation. In the present study, we solved the crystal structures of the EFC domains of human FBP17 and CIP4. The structures revealed a gently curved helical-bundle dimer of approximately 220 A in length, which forms filaments through end-to-end interactions in the crystals. The curved EFC dimer fits a tubular membrane with an approximately 600 A diameter. We subsequently proposed a model in which the curved EFC filament drives tubulation. In fact, striation of tubular membranes was observed by phase-contrast cryo-transmission electron microscopy, and mutations that impaired filament formation also impaired membrane tubulation and cell membrane invagination. Furthermore, FBP17 is recruited to clathrin-coated pits in the late stage of CME, indicating its physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shimada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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77
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Vaid KS, Guttman JA, Babyak N, Deng W, McNiven MA, Mochizuki N, Finlay BB, Vogl AW. The role of dynamin 3 in the testis. J Cell Physiol 2007; 210:644-54. [PMID: 17133358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report here that dynamin 3 in the testis is associated with structures termed tubulobulbar complexes that internalize intact intercellular junctions during sperm release and turnover of the blood-testis barrier. The protein lies adjacent to an actin-Arp2/3 network that cuffs the double plasma membrane tubular invagination at the core of each complex. To explore the possible relationship between dynamin 3 and nectin-based adhesion junctions, we transiently transfected DsRed-tagged dynamin 3 into MDCK cells stably transfected with eGFP-tagged nectin 2, one of the adhesion molecules known to be expressed in Sertoli cells at adhesion junctions. Cells transfected with the dynamin 3 construct had less uniformly distributed nectin 2 at intercellular contacts when compared to control cells expressing only nectin 2 or transfected with the DsRed plasmid alone. Significantly, tubular extensions positive for nectin 2 were visible projecting into the cells from regions of intercellular contact. Our findings are consistent with the conclusion that dynamin 3 is involved with tubulobulbar morphogenesis. Dynamin 3 also occurs in concentrated deposits around the capitulum and striated columns in the connecting piece of sperm tails suggesting that the protein in these cells may function to stabilize the base of the tail or serve as a reservoir for use during or after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Vaid
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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78
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Takenawa T, Suetsugu S. The WASP-WAVE protein network: connecting the membrane to the cytoskeleton. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8:37-48. [PMID: 17183359 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and WASP-family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) family proteins are scaffolds that link upstream signals to the activation of the ARP2/3 complex, leading to a burst of actin polymerization. ARP2/3-complex-mediated actin polymerization is crucial for the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton at the cell cortex for processes such as cell movement, vesicular trafficking and pathogen infection. Large families of membrane-binding proteins were recently found to interact with WASP and WAVE family proteins, therefore providing a new layer of membrane-dependent regulation of actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaomi Takenawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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79
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Chitu V, Stanley ER. Pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) proteins: coordinators of membrane-cytoskeletal interactions. Trends Cell Biol 2007; 17:145-56. [PMID: 17296299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adhesion, motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis involve the coordinated reorganization of the cytoskeleton and of the plasma membrane. The 'Pombe Cdc15 homology' (PCH) family of adaptor proteins has recently been shown to coordinate the membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics involved in these processes by curving membranes, recruiting dynamin and controlling the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in PCH family members or proteins that interact with them are associated with autoinflammatory, neurological or neoplastic diseases. Here, we review the nature, actions and disease associations of the vertebrate PCH family members, highlighting their fundamental roles in the regulation of processes involving membrane-cytoskeletal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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80
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Cao Y, Kamioka Y, Yokoi N, Kobayashi T, Hino O, Onodera M, Mochizuki N, Nakae J. Interaction of FoxO1 and TSC2 induces insulin resistance through activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 S6K pathway. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:40242-51. [PMID: 17077083 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608116200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both TSC2 (tuberin) and forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 are phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and play important roles in insulin signaling. However, little is known about the relationship between TSC2 and FoxO1. Here we identified TSC2 as a FoxO1-binding protein by using a yeast two-hybrid screening with a murine islet cDNA library. Among FoxOs, only FoxO1 can be associated with TSC2. The physical association between the C terminus of TSC2 (amino acids 1280-1499) and FoxO1 degrades the TSC1-TSC2 complex and inhibits GTPase-activating protein activity of TSC2 toward Rheb. Overexpression of wild type FoxO1 enhances p70 S6K phosphorylation, whereas overexpression of TSC2 can reverse these effects. Knockdown of endogenous FOXO1 in human vascular endothelial cells decreased phosphorylation of p70 S6K. Prolonged overexpression of wild type FoxO1 enhanced phosphorylation of serine 307 of IRS1 and decreased phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 itself even in the presence of serum. These data suggest a novel mechanism by which FoxO1 regulates the insulin signaling pathway through negative regulation of TSC2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Cao
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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81
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Aspenström P, Fransson A, Richnau N. Pombe Cdc15 homology proteins: regulators of membrane dynamics and the actin cytoskeleton. Trends Biochem Sci 2006; 31:670-9. [PMID: 17074490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) proteins have emerged in many species as important coordinators of signalling pathways that regulate actomyosin assembly and membrane dynamics. For example, the prototype PCH protein, Cdc15p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has a role in assembly of the contractile ring, which is needed to separate dividing cells. Recently, mammalian PCH proteins have been found to bind phospholipids and to participate in membrane deformation. These findings suggest that PCH proteins are crucial linkers of membrane dynamics and actin polymerization, for example, during the internalization of transmembrane receptors. Intriguingly, some members of the PCH protein family are mutated in neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, which has implications for the identification of cures for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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82
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Dawson JC, Legg JA, Machesky LM. Bar domain proteins: a role in tubulation, scission and actin assembly in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Trends Cell Biol 2006; 16:493-8. [PMID: 16949824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an important way for cells to take up liquids and particles from their environment. It requires membrane bending to be coupled with membrane fission, and the actin cytoskeleton has an active role in membrane remodelling. Here, we review recent research into the function of Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain proteins, which can sense membrane curvature and recruit actin to membranes. BAR proteins interact with the endocytic and cytoskeletal machinery, including the GTPase dynamin (which mediates vesicle fission), N-WASP (an Arp2/3 complex regulator) and synaptojanin (a phosphoinositide phosphatase). We describe three classes of BAR domains, BAR, N-BAR and F-BAR, providing examples of each discussing and how they function in linking membranes to the actin cytoskeleton in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Dawson
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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83
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Kakimoto T, Katoh H, Negishi M. Regulation of neuronal morphology by Toca-1, an F-BAR/EFC protein that induces plasma membrane invagination. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:29042-53. [PMID: 16885158 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604025200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin reorganization is important for regulation of neuronal morphology. Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is an important regulator of actin polymerization and also known to be strongly expressed in brain. Recently, Toca-1 (transducer of Cdc42-dependent actin assembly) has been shown to be required for Cdc42 to activate N-WASP from biochemical experiments. Toca-1 has three functional domains: an F-BAR/EFC domain at the N terminus, an HR1 at the center, and an SH3 domain at the C terminus. The F-BAR/EFC domain induces tubular invagination of plasma membrane, while Toca-1 binds both N-WASP and Cdc42 through the SH3 domain and the HR1, respectively. However, the physiological role of Toca-1 is completely unknown. Here we have investigated the neural function of Toca-1. Toca-1 is strongly expressed in neurons including hippocampal neurons in developing brain at early times. Knockdown of Toca-1 in PC12 cells significantly enhances neurite elongation. Consistently, overexpression of Toca-1 suppresses neurite elongation through the F-BAR/EFC domain with a membrane invaginating property, suggesting an implication of membrane trafficking in the neural function of Toca-1. In addition, knockdown of N-WASP, to our surprise, also enhances neurite elongation in PC12 cells, which is in clear contrast to the previous report that dominant negative mutants of N-WASP suppress neurite extension in PC12 cells. On the other hand, knockdown of Toca-1 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons enhances axon branching a little but not axon elongation, while knockdown of N-WASP enhances both axon elongation and branching. These results suggest that a vesicle trafficking regulator Toca-1 regulates different aspects of neuronal morphology from N-WASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kakimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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84
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Qian J, Chen W, Lettau M, Podda G, Zörnig M, Kabelitz D, Janssen O. Regulation of FasL expression: A SH3 domain containing protein family involved in the lysosomal association of FasL. Cell Signal 2006; 18:1327-37. [PMID: 16318909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As a death factor of T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, Fas Ligand (FasL) is stored in association with secretory lysosomes. Upon stimulation, these cytotoxic granules are transported to the cell membrane where FasL is exposed on the cell surface, shed or secreted. It has been noted before that the proline-rich domain within the cytosolic part of FasL is required for its vesicular association. However, the molecular interactions involved in targeting FasL to secretory lysosomes or to the plasma membrane have not been elucidated. We now identified a family of structurally related proteins that upon co-expression with FasL reallocate the death factor from a membrane to an intracellular localization. Members of this protein family are characterized by a similar domain structure and include FBP17, PACSIN1-3, CD2BP1, CIP4, Rho-GAP C1 and several hypothetical proteins. We show that all tested members of this "FCH/SH3-family" co-precipitate FasL from transfectants. The interactions strictly depend on functional SH3 domains within the FCH/SH3 proteins. Since co-expression of FasL with individual FCH/SH3 proteins dramatically alters the intracellular localization of FasL especially in non-hematopoietic cells, our data suggest that FCH/SH3 proteins might play an important role for the subcellular distribution and lysosomal association of FasL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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85
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Brett TJ, Traub LM. Molecular structures of coat and coat-associated proteins: function follows form. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2006; 18:395-406. [PMID: 16806884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles arise through the deformation of a small region of plasma membrane encapsulated by a cytosol-oriented clathrin lattice. The coat assembles from soluble protomers in a rapid and highly cooperative process, and invagination is tightly linked to the selective enrichment of cargo molecules within the nascent bud. Recent structural and functional studies demonstrate that coat assembly, membrane deformation, local actin dynamics and the final scission event are intricately coupled, and begin to reveal how key multifunctional, modular proteins are responsible for this linkage. An emerging mechanistic theme is how sequential engagement of common interaction surfaces or network hubs can evict prior binding partners from the assembly zone to ensure vectorial progression of the coat assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Brett
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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86
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Masuda M, Takeda S, Sone M, Ohki T, Mori H, Kamioka Y, Mochizuki N. Endophilin BAR domain drives membrane curvature by two newly identified structure-based mechanisms. EMBO J 2006; 25:2889-97. [PMID: 16763557 PMCID: PMC1500852 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The crescent-shaped BAR (Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs-homology) domain dimer is a versatile protein module that senses and generates positive membrane curvature. The BAR domain dimer of human endophilin-A1, solved at 3.1 A, has a unique structure consisting of a pair of helix-loop appendages sprouting out from the crescent. The appendage's short helices form a hydrophobic ridge, which runs across the concave surface at its center. Examining liposome binding and tubulation in vitro using purified BAR domain and its mutants indicated that the ridge penetrates into the membrane bilayer and enhances liposome tubulation. BAR domain-expressing cells exhibited marked plasma membrane tubulation in vivo. Furthermore, a swinging-arm mutant lost liposome tubulation activity yet retaining liposome binding. These data suggested that the rigid crescent dimer shape is crucial for the tubulation. We here propose that the BAR domain drives membrane curvature by coordinate action of the crescent's scaffold mechanism and the ridge's membrane insertion in addition to membrane binding via amino-terminal amphipathic helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Masuda
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichi Takeda
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of structural biochemistry, RIKEN Harima Institute at SPring-8, Mikazuki-cho, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Manami Sone
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohki
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidezo Mori
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamioka
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan. Tel.: +81 6 6833 5012; Fax: +81 6 6835 5461; E-mail:
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87
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Abstract
In skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is dependent upon translocation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular storage compartments to the plasma membrane. This insulin-induced redistribution of GLUT4 protein is achieved through a series of highly organized membrane trafficking events, orchestrated by insulin receptor signals. Recently, several key molecules linking insulin receptor signals and membrane trafficking have been identified, and emerging evidence supports the importance of subcellular compartmentalization of signaling components at the right time and in the right place. In addition, the translocation of GLUT4 in adipocytes requires insulin stimulation of dynamic actin remodeling at the inner surface of the plasma membrane (cortical actin) and in the perinuclear region. This results from at least two independent insulin receptor signals, one leading to the activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and the other to the activation of the Rho family small GTP-binding protein TC10. Thus, both spatial and temporal regulations of actin dynamics, both beneath the plasma membrane and around endomembranes, by insulin receptor signals are also involved in the process of GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kanzaki
- TUBERO/Tohoku University Biomedical Engineering Research Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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88
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Kruchten AE, McNiven MA. Dynamin as a mover and pincher during cell migration and invasion. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:1683-90. [PMID: 16636070 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The large GTPase dynamin, long known for its role in endocytosis, has most recently been implicated as a facilitator of cell migration and invasion. Recent observations link dynamin to the cycle of membrane expansion and retraction essential for cell motility. Its role in actin polymerization, membrane deformation and vesiculation, and focal adhesion dynamics are all important for this process, and the new findings provide exciting directions for studies of this ubiquitous and diverse protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Kruchten
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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89
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Abstract
In mammals, there are seven inositolphospholipids, collectively called phosphoinositides that serve as versatile molecules not only in receptor-mediated signal transduction but also in a variety of cellular events such as cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane trafficking, cell proliferation and cell death. Recent studies have revealed that the latter functions are mediated by direct interactions between phosphoinositides and proteins. Such proteins contain two types of phosphoinositide-binding regions; basic amino acid stretch and globular structural domain. Furthermore, spatially restricted compartment of phosphoinositides and their concentration are finely regulated by a large number of phosphoinositide kinases and -phosphatases, controlling localization-specific metabolism of this simple lipid whose aberrations cause various diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaomi Takenawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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90
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Aspenström P, Richnau N, Johansson AS. The diaphanous-related formin DAAM1 collaborates with the Rho GTPases RhoA and Cdc42, CIP4 and Src in regulating cell morphogenesis and actin dynamics. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:2180-94. [PMID: 16630611 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Binding partners for the Cdc42 effector CIP4 were identified by the yeast two-hybrid system, as well as by testing potential CIP4-binding proteins in coimmunoprecipitation experiments. One of the CIP4-binding proteins, DAAM1, was characterised in more detail. DAAM1 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the mammalian diaphanous-related formins, which include proteins such as mDia1 and mDia2. DAAM1 was shown to bind to the SH3 domain of CIP4 in vivo. Ectopically expressed DAAM1 localised in dotted pattern at the dorsal side of transfected cells and the protein was accumulated in the proximity to the microtubule organising centre. Moreover, ectopic expression of DAAM1 induced a marked alteration of the cell morphology, seen as rounding up of the cells, the formation of branched protrusions as well as a reduction of stress-fibres in the transfected cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that DAAM1 bound to RhoA and Cdc42 in a GTP-dependent manner. Moreover, DAAM1 was found to interact and collaborate with the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src in the formation of branched protrusions. Taken together, our data indicate that DAAM1 communicates with Rho GTPases, CIP4 and Src in the regulation of the signalling pathways that co-ordinate the dynamics of the actin filament system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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91
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Tsujita K, Suetsugu S, Sasaki N, Furutani M, Oikawa T, Takenawa T. Coordination between the actin cytoskeleton and membrane deformation by a novel membrane tubulation domain of PCH proteins is involved in endocytosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 172:269-79. [PMID: 16418535 PMCID: PMC2063556 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200508091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conserved FER-CIP4 homology (FCH) domain is found in the pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) protein family members, including formin-binding protein 17 (FBP17). However, the amino acid sequence homology extends beyond the FCH domain. We have termed this region the extended FC (EFC) domain. We found that FBP17 coordinated membrane deformation with actin cytoskeleton reorganization during endocytosis. The EFC domains of FBP17, CIP4, and other PCH protein family members show weak homology to the Bin-amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain. The EFC domains bound strongly to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and deformed the plasma membrane and liposomes into narrow tubules. Most PCH proteins possess an SH3 domain that is known to bind to dynamin and that recruited and activated neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) at the plasma membrane. FBP17 and/or CIP4 contributed to the formation of the protein complex, including N-WASP and dynamin-2, in the early stage of endocytosis. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous FBP17 and CIP4 impaired endocytosis. Our data indicate that PCH protein family members couple membrane deformation to actin cytoskeleton reorganization in various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
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92
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Kessels MM, Qualmann B. Syndapin oligomers interconnect the machineries for endocytic vesicle formation and actin polymerization. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:13285-13299. [PMID: 16540475 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m510226200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndapins were proposed to interconnect the machineries for vesicle formation and actin polymerization, as they interact with dynamin and the Arp2/3 complex activator N-WASP (neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein). Syndapins, however, have only one Src homology 3 domain mediating both interactions. Here we show that syndapins self-associate via direct syndapin/syndapin interactions, providing a molecular mechanism for the coordinating role of syndapin. Cross-link studies with overexpressed and endogenous syndapins suggest that predominantly dimers form in vivo. Our analyses show that the N-terminal Fes/Cip4 homology domain but not the central coiled-coil domain is sufficient for oligomerization. Additionally, a second interface located further C-terminally mediated interactions with the N terminus. The Src homology 3 domain and the NPF region are not involved and thus available for further interactions interconnecting different syndapin binding partners. Our analyses showed that self-association is crucial for syndapin function. Both syndapin-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements and endocytosis were disrupted by a self-association-deficient mutant. Consistent with a role of syndapins in linking actin polymerization bursts with endocytic vesicle formation, syndapin-containing complexes had a size of 300-500 kDa in gel filtration analysis and contained both dynamin and N-WASP. The existence of an interconnection of the GTPase dynamin with N-WASP via syndapin oligomers was demonstrated both by coimmunoprecipitations and by reconstitution at membranes in intact cells. The interconnection was disrupted by coexpression of syndapin mutants incapable of self-association. Syndapin oligomers may thus act as multivalent organizers spatially and temporally coordinating vesicle fission with local actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kessels
- Research Group Membrane Trafficking and Cytoskeleton, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Research Group Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany.
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93
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Itoh T, Erdmann KS, Roux A, Habermann B, Werner H, De Camilli P. Dynamin and the actin cytoskeleton cooperatively regulate plasma membrane invagination by BAR and F-BAR proteins. Dev Cell 2006; 9:791-804. [PMID: 16326391 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 09/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes undergo continuous curvature changes as a result of membrane trafficking and cell motility. Deformations are achieved both by forces extrinsic to the membrane as well as by structural modifications in the bilayer or at the bilayer surface that favor the acquisition of curvature. We report here that a family of proteins previously implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton also have powerful lipid bilayer-deforming properties via an N-terminal module (F-BAR) similar to the BAR domain. Several such proteins, like a subset of BAR domain proteins, bind to dynamin, a GTPase implicated in endocytosis and actin dynamics, via SH3 domains. The ability of BAR and F-BAR domain proteins to induce tubular invaginations of the plasma membrane is enhanced by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and is antagonized by dynamin. These results suggest a close interplay between the mechanisms that control actin dynamics and those that mediate plasma membrane invagination and fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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94
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Stradal TEB, Scita G. Protein complexes regulating Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2005; 18:4-10. [PMID: 16343889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Key steps in regulating actin dynamics are the de novo nucleation and elongation of actin filaments, which can be catalysed by a limited number of proteins and protein complexes. Among these, Arp2/3 complex and formins are the best studied. Arp2/3-complex activity is controlled through signalling-dependent association with nucleation-promoting factors, such as the WASP/WAVE family proteins. A common theme for these molecules, which is well established for WAVEs but is only just beginning to emerge for WASPs, is that they act as coincident detectors of a variety of signalling pathways through the formation of large multi-molecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia E B Stradal
- Signalling and Motility Group, German Research Centre for Biotechnology (GBF), Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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95
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Icking A, Schilling K, Wiesenthal A, Opitz N, Müller-Esterl W. FCH/Cdc15 domain determines distinct subcellular localization of NOSTRIN. FEBS Lett 2005; 580:223-8. [PMID: 16376344 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NOSTRIN, an NO synthase binding protein, belongs to the PCH family of proteins, exposing a typical domain structure. While its SH3 domain and the C-terminal coiled-coil region cc2 have been studied earlier, the function of the N-terminal half comprising a Cdc15 domain with an FCH (Fes/CIP homology) region followed by a coiled-coil stretch cc1 is unknown. Here, we show that the FCH region is necessary and sufficient for membrane association of NOSTRIN, whereas the Cdc15 domain further specifies subcellular distribution of the protein. Thus, the FCH region and the Cdc15 domain fulfill complementary functions in subcellular targeting of NOSTRIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Icking
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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96
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Baum W, Kirkin V, Fernández SBM, Pick R, Lettau M, Janssen O, Zörnig M. Binding of the Intracellular Fas Ligand (FasL) Domain to the Adaptor Protein PSTPIP Results in a Cytoplasmic Localization of FasL. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:40012-24. [PMID: 16204241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m502222200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor family member Fas ligand (FasL) induces apoptosis in Fas receptor-expressing target cells and is an important cytotoxic effector molecule used by CTL- and NK-cells. In these hematopoietic cells, newly synthesized FasL is stored in specialized secretory lysosomes and only delivered to the cell surface upon activation and target cell recognition. FasL contains an 80-amino acid-long cytoplasmic tail, which includes a proline-rich domain as a bona fide Src homology 3 domain-binding site. This proline-rich domain has been implicated in FasL sorting to secretory lysosomes, and it may also be important for reverse signaling via FasL, which has been described to influence T-cell activation. Here we report the identification of the Src homology 3 domain-containing adaptor protein PSTPIP as a FasL-interacting partner, which binds to the proline-rich domain. PSTPIP co-expression leads to an increased intracellular localization of Fas ligand, thereby regulating extracellular availability and cytotoxic activity of the molecule. In addition, we demonstrate recruitment of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST by PSTPIP into FasL.PSTPIP.PTP-PEST complexes which may contribute to FasL reverse signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Baum
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 42-44, Frankfurt D-60596, Germany
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97
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Witzmann FA, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Inman AO, Kimpel MA, Pedrick NM, Ringham HN, Riviere JE. Effect of JP-8 jet fuel exposure on protein expression in human keratinocyte cells in culture. Toxicol Lett 2005; 160:8-21. [PMID: 16019166 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dermal exposure to jet fuel is a significant occupational hazard. Previous studies have investigated its absorption and disposition in skin, and the systemic biochemical and immunotoxicological sequelae to exposure. Despite studies of JP-8 jet fuel components in murine, porcine or human keratinocyte cell cultures, proteomic analysis of JP-8 exposure has not been investigated. This study was conducted to examine the effect of JP-8 administration on the human epidermal keratinocyte (HEK) proteome. Using a two-dimensional electrophoretic approach combined with mass spectrometric-based protein identification, we analyzed protein expression in HEK exposed to 0.1% JP-8 in culture medium for 24 h. JP-8 exposure resulted in significant expression differences (p<0.02) in 35 of the 929 proteins matched and analyzed. Approximately, a third of these alterations were increased in protein expression, two-thirds declined with JP-8 exposure. Peptide mass fingerprint identification of effected proteins revealed a variety of functional implications. In general, altered proteins involved endocytotic/exocytotic mechanisms and their cytoskeletal components, cell stress, and those involved in vesicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 W 16th Street, Rm 308, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2111, USA.
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98
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Bitoun E, Davies KE. The robotic mouse: unravelling the function of AF4 in the cerebellum. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2005; 4:250-60. [PMID: 16321881 DOI: 10.1080/14734220500325897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The devastating nature and lack of effective treatments associated with neurodegenerative diseases have stimulated a world-wide search for the elucidation of their molecular basis to which mouse models have made a major contribution. In combination with transgenic and knockout technologies, large-scale mouse mutagenesis is a powerful approach for the identification of new genes and associated signalling pathways controlling neuronal cell death and survival. Here we review the characterization of the robotic mouse, a novel model of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia isolated from an ENU-mutagenesis programme, which develops adult-onset region-specific Purkinje cell loss and cataracts, and displays defects in early T-cell maturation and general growth retardation. The mutated protein, Af4, is a member of the AF4/LAF4/FMR2 (ALF) family of putative transcription factors previously implicated in childhood leukaemia and FRAXE mental retardation. The mutation, which lies in a highly conserved region among the ALF family members, significantly reduces the binding affinity of Af4 to the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Siah-1a, isolated with Siah-2 as interacting proteins in the brain. This leads to a markedly slower turnover of mutant Af4 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and consequently to its abnormal accumulation in the robotic mouse. Importantly, the conservation of the Siah-binding domain of Af4 in all other family members reveals that Siah-mediated proteasomal degradation is a common regulatory mechanism that controls the levels, and thereby the function, of the ALF family. The robotic mouse represents a unique model in which to study the newly revealed role of Af4 in the maintenance of vital functions of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and further the understanding of its implication in lymphopoeisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bitoun
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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