51
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Sohrabi Y, Dos Santos JC, Dorenkamp M, Findeisen H, Godfrey R, Netea MG, Joosten LAB. Trained immunity as a novel approach against COVID-19 with a focus on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine: mechanisms, challenges and perspectives. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1228. [PMID: 33363733 PMCID: PMC7755499 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a severe health problem in many countries and has altered day-to-day life in the whole world. This infection is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and depending on age, sex and health status of the patient, it can present with variety of clinical symptoms such as mild infection, a very severe form or even asymptomatic course of the disease. Similarly to other viruses, innate immune response plays a vital role in protection against COVID-19. However, dysregulation of innate immunity could have a significant influence on the severity of the disease. Despite various efforts, there is no effective vaccine against the disease so far. Recent data have demonstrated that the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine could reduce disease severity and the burden of several infectious diseases in addition to targeting its primary focus tuberculosis. There is growing evidence for the concept of beneficial non-specific boosting of immune responses by BCG or other microbial compounds termed trained immunity, which may protect against COVID-19. In this manuscript, we review data on how the development of innate immune memory due to microbial compounds specifically BCG can result in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss possible mechanisms, challenges and perspectives of using innate immunity as an approach to reduce COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart FailureUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre of Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Dorenkamp
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart FailureUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Hannes Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart FailureUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart FailureUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre of Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Leo AB Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre of Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Núcleo de Pesquisa da Faculdade da Polícia Militar (FPM) do Estado de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
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52
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Checa J, Aran JM. Airway Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation Gone Awry: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Emerging Therapeutics in Respiratory Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9317. [PMID: 33297418 PMCID: PMC7731288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As aerobic organisms, we are continuously and throughout our lifetime subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere and, most often, to environmental threats. The lung is the internal organ most highly exposed to this milieu. Therefore, it has evolved to confront both oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a variety of pollutants, pathogens, and allergens that promote inflammation and can harm the airways to different degrees. Indeed, an excess of ROS, generated intrinsically or from external sources, can imprint direct damage to key structural cell components (nucleic acids, sugars, lipids, and proteins) and indirectly perturb ROS-mediated signaling in lung epithelia, impairing its homeostasis. These early events complemented with efficient recognition of pathogen- or damage-associated recognition patterns by the airway resident cells alert the immune system, which mounts an inflammatory response to remove the hazards, including collateral dead cells and cellular debris, in an attempt to return to homeostatic conditions. Thus, any major or chronic dysregulation of the redox balance, the air-liquid interface, or defects in epithelial proteins impairing mucociliary clearance or other defense systems may lead to airway damage. Here, we review our understanding of the key role of oxidative stress and inflammation in respiratory pathology, and extensively report current and future trends in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatments focusing on the following major acute and chronic lung diseases: acute lung injury/respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep M. Aran
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
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53
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The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on respiratory viral infections: A hint for COVID-19 treatment? Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104452. [PMID: 32818576 PMCID: PMC7431320 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections are among the most prevalent diseases in humans and contribute to morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Moreover, since they can evolve fast and cross the species barrier, some of these viruses, such as influenza A and coronaviruses, have sometimes caused epidemics or pandemics and were associated with more serious clinical diseases and even mortality. The recently identified Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a Public Health Emergency of International concern and has been associated with rapidly progressive pneumonia. To ensure protection against emerging respiratory tract infections, the development of new strategies based on modulating the immune responses is essential. The use of probiotic components has substantially increased due to their effects on immune responses, in particular on those that occur in the upper/lower respiratory tract. Superinduction of inflammatory reaction, known as a cytokine storm, has been correlated directly with viral pneumonia and serious complications of respiratory infections. In this review, probiotics, as potential immunomodulatory agents, have been proposed to improve the host's response to respiratory viral infections. In addition, the effects of probiotics on different aspects of immune responses and their antiviral properties in both pre-clinical and clinical contexts have been described in detail.
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54
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Coronavirus Historical Perspective, Disease Mechanisms, and Clinical Outcomes: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:1999-2010. [PMID: 33092736 PMCID: PMC7571970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of a new coronavirus disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) has raised global concerns regarding the health and safety of a vulnerable population. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incites a profound inflammatory response leading to tissue injury and organ failure. COVID-19 is characterized by the bidirectional relationship between inflammation and thrombosis. The clinical syndrome is propelled by inflammation producing acute lung injury, large-vessel thrombosis, and in situ microthrombi that may contribute to organ failure. Myocardial injury is common, but true myocarditis is rare. Elderly patients, those with established cardiovascular disease, and mechanically ventilated patients face the highest mortality risk. Therapies for COVID-19 are evolving. The antiviral drug remdesivir, dexamethasone, transfusion of convalescent plasma, and use of antithrombotic therapy are promising. Most require additional prospective studies. Although most patients recover, those who survive severe illness may experience persistent physical and psychological disabilities. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting millions of people worldwide. Clinical sequelae result largely from an intense inflammatory response triggering large-vessel and microvascular thrombosis. No therapy has been universally effective for COVID-19, but systemic anticoagulation, remdesivir, and corticosteroids hold promise. Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are variable and incompletely defined, but physical and psychological disabilities can persist.
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55
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Rezinciuc S, Bezavada L, Bahadoran A, Duan S, Wang R, Lopez-Ferrer D, Finkelstein D, McGargill MA, Green DR, Pasa-Tolic L, Smallwood HS. Dynamic metabolic reprogramming in dendritic cells: An early response to influenza infection that is essential for effector function. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008957. [PMID: 33104753 PMCID: PMC7707590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the influenza virus triggers an innate immune response that initiates the adaptive response to halt viral replication and spread. However, the metabolic response fueling the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in innate immune cell homeostasis remain undefined. Although influenza increases parasitized cell metabolism, it does not productively replicate in dendritic cells. To dissect these mechanisms, we compared the metabolism of dendritic cells to that of those infected with active and inactive influenza A virus and those treated with toll-like receptor agonists. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, pulse chase substrate utilization assays and metabolic flux measurements, we found global metabolic changes in dendritic cells 17 hours post infection, including significant changes in carbon commitment via glycolysis and glutaminolysis, as well as mitochondrial respiration. Influenza infection of dendritic cells led to a metabolic phenotype distinct from that induced by TLR agonists, with significant resilience in terms of metabolic plasticity. We identified c-Myc as one transcription factor modulating this response. Restriction of c-Myc activity or mitochondrial substrates significantly changed the immune functions of dendritic cells, such as reducing motility and T cell activation. Transcriptome analysis of inflammatory dendritic cells isolated following influenza infection showed similar metabolic reprogramming occurs in vivo. Thus, early in the infection process, dendritic cells respond with global metabolic restructuring, that is present in inflammatory lung dendritic cells after infection, and this is important for effector function. These findings suggest metabolic switching in dendritic cells plays a vital role in initiating the immune response to influenza infection. Dendritic cells are critical in mounting an effective immune response to influenza infection by initiating the immune response to influenza and activating the adaptive response to mediate viral clearance and manifest immune memory for protection against subsequent infections. We found dendritic cells undergo a profound metabolic shift after infection. They alter the concentration and location of hundreds of proteins, including c-Myc, facilitating a shift to a highly glycolytic phenotype that is also flexible in terms of fueling respiration. Nonetheless, we found limiting access to specific metabolic pathways or substrates diminished key immune functions. We previously described an immediate, fixed hypermetabolic state in infected respiratory epithelial cells. Here we present data indicating the metabolic response of dendritic cells is increased yet flexible, distinct from what we previously showed for epithelial cells. Additionally, we demonstrate dendritic cells tailor their metabolic response to the pathogen or TLR stimulus. This metabolic reprogramming occurs rapidly in vitro and is sustained in inflammatory dendritic cells in vivo for at least 9 days following influenza infection. These studies introduce the possibility of modulating the immune response to viral infection using customized metabolic therapy to enhance or diminish the function of specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rezinciuc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lavanya Bezavada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Azadeh Bahadoran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Susu Duan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disease, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel Lopez-Ferrer
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, CA, United States of America
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Maureen A. McGargill
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Douglas R. Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Heather S. Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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56
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Karwelat D, Schmeck B, Ringel M, Benedikter BJ, Hübner K, Beinborn I, Maisner A, Schulte LN, Vollmeister E. Influenza virus-mediated suppression of bronchial Chitinase-3-like 1 secretion promotes secondary pneumococcal infection. FASEB J 2020; 34:16432-16448. [PMID: 33095949 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902988rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the lung are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the preactivation of innate defense programs during viral infection, secondary bacterial infection substantially elevates morbidity and mortality rates. Particularly problematic are co-infections with influenza A virus (IAV) and the major bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the molecular processes underlying the severe course of such co-infections are not fully understood. Previously, the absence of secreted glycoprotein Chitinase-3-like 1 (CHI3L1) was shown to increase pneumococcal replication in mice. We therefore hypothesized that an IAV preinfection decreases CHI3L1 levels to promote pneumococcal infection. Indeed, in an air-liquid interface model of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs), IAV preinfection interfered with apical but not basolateral CHI3L1 release. Confocal time-lapse microscopy revealed that the gradual loss of apical CHI3L1 localization during co-infection with influenza and S. pneumoniae coincided with the disappearance of goblet as well as ciliated cells and increased S. pneumoniae replication. Importantly, extracellular restoration of CHI3L1 levels using recombinant protein significantly reduced bacterial load in influenza preinfected bronchial models. Thus, recombinant CHI3L1 may provide a novel therapeutic means to lower morbidity and mortality associated with post-influenza pneumococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karwelat
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Hesse, Germany.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps University Marburg, Hesse, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Hesse, Germany.,Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | - Marc Ringel
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | - Birke J Benedikter
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | - Kathleen Hübner
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | - Isabell Beinborn
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | - Andrea Maisner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | - Leon N Schulte
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Hesse, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | - Evelyn Vollmeister
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Hesse, Germany
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57
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Bernard L, Desoubeaux G, Bodier-Montagutelli E, Pardessus J, Brea D, Allimonnier L, Eymieux S, Raynal PI, Vasseur V, Vecellio L, Mathé L, Guillon A, Lanotte P, Pourchez J, Verhoeven PO, Esnouf S, Ferry M, Eterradossi N, Blanchard Y, Brown P, Roingeard P, Alcaraz JP, Cinquin P, Si-Tahar M, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Controlled Heat and Humidity-Based Treatment for the Reuse of Personal Protective Equipment: A Pragmatic Proof-of-Concept to Address the Mass Shortage of Surgical Masks and N95/FFP2 Respirators and to Prevent the SARS-CoV2 Transmission. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:584036. [PMID: 33195335 PMCID: PMC7607499 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.584036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unprecedented shortage of healthcare resources, primarily personal protective equipment like surgical masks, and N95/filtering face piece type 2 (FFP2) respirators. Objective: Reuse of surgical masks and N95/FFP2 respirators may circumvent the supply chain constraints and thus overcome mass shortage. Methods, design, setting, and measurement: Herein, we tested the effects of dry- and moist-air controlled heating treatment on structure and chemical integrity, decontamination yield, and filtration performance of surgical masks and FFP2 respirators. Results: We found that treatment in a climate chamber at 70°C during 1 h with 75% humidity rate was adequate for enabling substantial decontamination of both respiratory viruses, oropharyngeal bacteria, and model animal coronaviuses, while maintaining a satisfying filtering capacity. Limitations: Further studies are now required to confirm the feasibility of the whole process during routine practice. Conclusion: Our findings provide compelling evidence for the recycling of pre-used surgical masks and N95/FFP2 respirators in case of imminent mass shortfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bernard
- Médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Parasitologie-mycologie-médecine tropicale, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Elsa Bodier-Montagutelli
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France.,Pharmacie à usage intérieure, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jeoffrey Pardessus
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Déborah Brea
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Laurine Allimonnier
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Eymieux
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Biologie cellulaire-Microscopie électronique, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,UMR Inserm U1259-Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et des virus des hépatites, Tours, France
| | - Pierre-Ivan Raynal
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Biologie cellulaire-Microscopie électronique, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Virginie Vasseur
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Laurent Vecellio
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Ludovic Mathé
- Blanchisserie centrale GCS NOT, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Guillon
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France.,Médecine intensive-Réanimation, CHU de Tours et Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Lanotte
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,ISP Equipe 5-Bactéries et Risque Materno-fœtale, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- GIMAP, EA 3064, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,Service des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, CHU de St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Esnouf
- Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Muriel Ferry
- Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Paul Brown
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Biologie cellulaire-Microscopie électronique, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,UMR Inserm U1259-Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et des virus des hépatites, Tours, France
| | | | - Philippe Cinquin
- TIMC-IMAG, UMR5525 Univ. Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, La Tronche, France.,CIC-IT1406 INSERM/CHU Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
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58
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Hwang HS, Chang M, Kim YA. Influenza-Host Interplay and Strategies for Universal Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030548. [PMID: 32962304 PMCID: PMC7564814 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an annual epidemic and an occasional pandemic caused by pathogens that are responsible for infectious respiratory disease. Humans are highly susceptible to the infection mediated by influenza A viruses (IAV). The entry of the virus is mediated by the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein that binds to the cellular sialic acid receptors and facilitates the fusion of the viral membrane with the endosomal membrane. During IAV infection, virus-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by host intracellular specific sensors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) either on the cell surface or intracellularly in endosomes. Herein, we comprehensively review the current knowledge available on the entry of the influenza virus into host cells and the molecular details of the influenza virus–host interface. We also highlight certain strategies for the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Hwang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Y.A.K.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.); +82-62-530-1871 (Y.A.K.)
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Y.A.K.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.); +82-62-530-1871 (Y.A.K.)
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59
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Wu SM, Feng PH, Chuang HC, Ho SC, Fan Chung K, Chen KY, Wu GS, Chen TT, Tseng CH, Liu WT, Lee KY. Impaired lnc-IL7R modulatory mechanism of Toll-like receptors is associated with an exacerbator phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:13317-13332. [PMID: 32780913 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000632r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are susceptible to bacterial infections, which worsen lung inflammation and contribute to lung function decline and acute exacerbation. Long noncoding (lnc) RNAs are emerging regulators of inflammation with unknown clinical relevance. Herein, we report that levels of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-related lnc interleukin (IL) 7 receptor (IL7R) were significantly reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with COPD compared with those from normal controls, and the levels were correlated with pulmonary function. Moreover lnc-IL7R levels were reduced in lavaged alveolar macrophages and primary human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEpCs) from patients with COPD. Lnc-IL7R knockdown in primary human macrophages, HSAEpCs, and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) significantly augmented the induction of proinflammatory mediators after TLR2/4 activation. By contrast, lnc-IL7R overexpression attenuated inflammation after TLR2/4 activation. Similar results with lnc-IL7R-mediated inflammation were observed in COPD HSAEpCs. Mechanistically, lnc-IL7R mediated a repressive chromatin state of the proinflammatory gene promoter as a result of decreased acetylation (H3K9ac) and increased methylation (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3). Plasma lnc-IL7R levels were reduced in patients with COPD who experienced more acute exacerbation in the previous year. Notably, patients with lower lnc-IL7R levels in the subsequent year had increased exacerbation risk. Low lnc-IL7R expression in COPD may augment TLR2/4-mediated inflammation and be associated with acute exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ming Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Ho
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kuan-Yuan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Sing Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tao Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hua Tseng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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60
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Blanco J, Cameirao C, López MC, Muñoz-Barroso I. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-Akt pathway in negative-stranded RNA virus infection: a minireview. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2165-2176. [PMID: 32740830 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt signalling pathway is a crucial signalling cascade that regulates transcription, protein translation, cell growth, proliferation, cell survival, and metabolism. During viral infection, viruses exploit a variety of cellular pathways, including the well-known PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Conversely, cells rely on this pathway to stimulate an antiviral response. The PI3K/Akt pathway is manipulated by a number of viruses, including DNA and RNA viruses and retroviruses. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information about the role of the PI3K-Akt pathway in infection with members of five different families of negative-sense ssRNA viruses. This pathway is hijacked for viral entry, regulation of endocytosis, suppression of premature apoptosis, viral protein expression, and replication. Although less common, the PI3K/Akt pathway can be downregulated as an immunomodulatory strategy or as a mechanism for inducing autophagy. Moreover, the cell activates this pathway as an antiviral strategy for interferon and cytokine production, among other strategies. Here, we present new data concerning the role of this pathway in infection with the paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Our data seem to indicate that NDV uses the PI3K/Akt pathway to delay cell death and increase cell survival as a means of improving its replication. The interference of negative-sense ssRNA viruses with this essential pathway might have implications for the development of antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental Lab.106. Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Cameirao
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental Lab.106. Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - María Carmen López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental Lab.106. Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz-Barroso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental Lab.106. Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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61
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Zheng M, Kanneganti TD. The regulation of the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome and its implications in pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis). Immunol Rev 2020; 297:26-38. [PMID: 32729116 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ZBP1 has been characterized as a critical innate immune sensor of not only viral RNA products but also endogenous nucleic acid ligands. ZBP1 sensing of the Z-RNA produced during influenza virus infection induces cell death in the form of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis). PANoptosis is a coordinated cell death pathway that is driven through a multiprotein complex called the PANoptosome and enables crosstalk and co-regulation among these processes. During influenza virus infection, a key step in PANoptosis and PANoptosome assembly is the formation of the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome. When Z-RNA is sensed, ZBP1 recruits RIPK3 and caspase-8 to activate the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome. Several other host factors have been found to be important for ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, including molecules involved in the type I interferon signaling pathway and caspase-6. Additionally, influenza viral proteins, such as M2, NS1, and PB1-F2, have also been shown to regulate the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome. This review explains the functions of ZBP1 and the mechanistic details underlying the activation of the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome and the formation of the PANoptosome. Improved understanding of the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome will direct the development of therapeutic strategies to target infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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62
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Gu X, Zhou F, Wang Y, Fan G, Cao B. Respiratory viral sepsis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200038. [PMID: 32699026 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0038-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Third International Consensus Definition for Sepsis and Septic Shock, sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulated host responses to infection. Epidemiological data about sepsis from the 2017 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factor Study showed that the global burden of sepsis was greater than previously estimated. Bacteria have been shown to be the predominant pathogen of sepsis among patients with pathogens detected, while sepsis caused by viruses is underdiagnosed worldwide. The coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019 in China and now in many other countries has brought viral sepsis back into the vision of physicians and researchers worldwide. Although the current understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis has improved, the differences between viral and bacterial sepsis at the level of pathophysiology are not well understood. Diagnosis methods that can broadly differentiate between bacterial and viral sepsis at the initial stage after the development of sepsis are limited. New treatments that can be applied at clinics for sepsis are scarce and this situation is not consistent with the growing understanding of pathophysiology. This review aims to give a brief summary of current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of viral sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gu
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yeming Wang
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Fan
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China .,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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63
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Chen KK, Minakuchi M, Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Kuo KK, Lin YC, Saito S, Lin CS, Yokoyama KK. Redox control in the pathophysiology of influenza virus infection. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32689931 PMCID: PMC7370268 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggered in response to external and internal ligands in cells and animals, redox homeostasis is transmitted via signal molecules involved in defense redox mechanisms through networks of cell proliferation, differentiation, intracellular detoxification, bacterial infection, and immune reactions. Cellular oxidation is not necessarily harmful per se, but its effects depend on the balance between the peroxidation and antioxidation cascades, which can vary according to the stimulus and serve to maintain oxygen homeostasis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during influenza virus (IV) infection have critical effects on both the virus and host cells. In this review, we outline the link between viral infection and redox control using IV infection as an example. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the molecular relationship between cellular oxidation mediated by ROS accumulation and the diversity of IV infection. We also summarize the potential anti-IV agents available currently that act by targeting redox biology/pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker-Kong Chen
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,Department of Densitory, Kaohisung University Hospital, Kaohisung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Moeko Minakuchi
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Department Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Shigeo Saito
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan ,Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology Institute, Yalta, Tochigi, 329-1471 Japan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412036.20000 0004 0531 9758Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
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64
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Sallenave JM, Guillot L. Innate Immune Signaling and Proteolytic Pathways in the Resolution or Exacerbation of SARS-CoV-2 in Covid-19: Key Therapeutic Targets? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1229. [PMID: 32574272 PMCID: PMC7270404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (Cov)-2, an enveloped virus with a positive-polarity, single-stranded RNA genome. The initial outbreak of the pandemic began in December 2019, and it is affecting the human health of the global community. In common with previous pandemics (Influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV) and the epidemics of Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, CoVs target bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Virus protein ligands (e.g., haemagglutinin or trimeric spike glycoprotein for Influenza and CoV, respectively) interact with cellular receptors, such as (depending on the virus) either sialic acids, Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), or angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Host proteases, e.g., cathepsins, furin, or members of the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSP) family, such as Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), are involved in virus entry by proteolytically activating virus ligands. Also involved are Toll Like Receptor (TLR) family members, which upregulate anti-viral and pro-inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and type I and type III Interferons among others], through the activation of Nuclear Factor (NF)-kB. When these events (virus cellular entry and innate immune responses) are uncontrolled, a deleterious systemic response is sometimes encountered in infected patients, leading to the well-described "cytokine storm" and an ensuing multiple organ failure promoted by a downregulation of dendritic cell, macrophage, and T-cell function. We aim to describe how the lung and systemic host innate immune responses affect survival either positively, through downregulating initial viral load, or negatively, by triggering uncontrolled inflammation. An emphasis will be put on host cellular signaling pathways and proteases involved with a view on tackling these therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Sallenave
- INSERM UMR1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Bichat, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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65
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Campbell LK, Magor KE. Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Innate Responses to Influenza A Viruses in the Mallard Duck, Compared to Humans and Chickens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:209. [PMID: 32477965 PMCID: PMC7236763 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mallard ducks are a natural host and reservoir of avian Influenza A viruses. While most influenza strains can replicate in mallards, the virus typically does not cause substantial disease in this host. Mallards are often resistant to disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, while the same strains can cause severe infection in humans, chickens, and even other species of ducks, resulting in systemic spread of the virus and even death. The differences in influenza detection and antiviral effectors responsible for limiting damage in the mallards are largely unknown. Domestic mallards have an early and robust innate response to infection that seems to limit replication and clear highly pathogenic strains. The regulation and timing of the response to influenza also seems to circumvent damage done by a prolonged or dysregulated immune response. Rapid initiation of innate immune responses depends on viral recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in tissues where the virus replicates. RIG-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are all important influenza sensors in mammals during infection. Ducks utilize many of the same PRRs to detect influenza, namely RIG-I, TLR7, and TLR3 and their downstream adaptors. Ducks also express many of the same signal transduction proteins including TBK1, TRIF, and TRAF3. Some antiviral effectors expressed downstream of these signaling pathways inhibit influenza replication in ducks. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of influenza recognition and response through duck PRRs and their adaptors. We compare basal tissue expression and regulation of these signaling components in birds, to better understand what contributes to influenza resistance in the duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katharine E Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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66
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LeMessurier KS, Rooney R, Ghoneim HE, Liu B, Li K, Smallwood HS, Samarasinghe AE. Influenza A virus directly modulates mouse eosinophil responses. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:151-168. [PMID: 32386457 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0320-343r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma and influenza are common respiratory diseases with a high probability of co-occurrence. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, hospitalized patients with influenza experienced lower morbidity if asthma was an underlying condition. We have previously demonstrated that acute allergic asthma protects mice from severe influenza and have implicated eosinophils in the airways of mice with allergic asthma as participants in the antiviral response. However, very little is known about how eosinophils respond to direct exposure to influenza A virus (IAV) or the microenvironment in which the viral burden is high. We hypothesized that eosinophils would dynamically respond to the presence of IAV through phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiologic changes. Using our mouse model of acute fungal asthma and influenza, we showed that eosinophils in lymphoid tissues were responsive to IAV infection in the lungs and altered surface expression of various markers necessary for cell activation in a niche-specific manner. Siglec-F expression was altered in a subset of eosinophils after virus exposure, and those expressing high Siglec-F were more active (IL-5Rαhi CD62Llo ). While eosinophils exposed to IAV decreased their overall transcriptional activity and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, transcription of genes encoding viral recognition proteins, Ddx58 (RIG-I), Tlr3, and Ifih1 (MDA5), were up-regulated. CD8+ T cells from IAV-infected mice expanded in response to IAV PB1 peptide-pulsed eosinophils, and CpG methylation in the Tbx21 promoter was reduced in these T cells. These data offer insight into how eosinophils respond to IAV and help elucidate alternative mechanisms by which they regulate antiviral immune responses during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S LeMessurier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert Rooney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Genetics, Genomics & Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Baoming Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amali E Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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67
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Shiratori T, Imaizumi T, Hirono K, Kawaguchi S, Matsumiya T, Seya K, Tasaka S. ISG56 is involved in CXCL10 expression induced by TLR3 signaling in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:195-202. [PMID: 32363951 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1760965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose and aim of the study: Bronchial epithelial cells play an important role in immune response against viral infections. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a pathogen recognition receptor that recognizes viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Activation of TLR3 induces the expression of interferon (IFN)-β, and newly synthesized IFN-β exhibits anti-viral activity by upregulating the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). ISG56 encodes a multifunctional protein with tetratricopeptide motifs and is involved in anti-viral reactions through various mechanisms. Expression of chemokines such as CXCL10, which induces leukocyte chemotaxis, is essential for defense against airway microbes. However, regulation of chemokine expression by ISG56 in bronchial epithelial cells has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of ISG56 and its role in CXCL10 production in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells treated with dsRNA.Materials and methods: BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), a synthetic TLR3 ligand. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ISG 56 were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The effect of knocking down TLR3, IFN-β, and ISG56 was examined using RNA interference. The protein expression of CXCL10 in culture medium was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Poly IC induced ISG56 expression in a concentration- and time- dependent manner. RNA interference showed that ISG56 induction was inhibited by knockdown of TLR3 or IFN-β and that ISG 56 knockdown decreased CXCL10 expression.Conclusions: ISG56 was induced by poly IC through TLR3/IFN-β axis, and ISG56 may positively regulated CXCL10 expression in BEAS-2B cells. ISG56 may modulate anti-viral innate immunity, at least in part, by regulating the expression of CXCL10 in bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Shiratori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koji Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Sadatomo Tasaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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68
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Hiranuma H, Gon Y, Maruoka S, Kozu Y, Yamada S, Fukuda A, Kurosawa Y, Tetsuo S, Nakagawa Y, Mizumura K. DsRNA induction of microRNA-155 disrupt tight junction barrier by modulating claudins. Asia Pac Allergy 2020; 10:e20. [PMID: 32411585 PMCID: PMC7203438 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impaired barrier function of the airway epithelium due to RNA virus infection is closely related to the development and exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation. Objective In this study, we investigated the roles of microRNAs on the mechanisms of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. Methods 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cells were grown to confluence on Transwell inserts and exposed to poly-I:C. We studied epithelial barrier function by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular flux of fluorescent markers and structure of tight junctions by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Poly-I:C treated 16HBE14o- cells increased paracellular permeability. Knockdown of Toll-like receptor 3 and TRIF abrogated these effects. The expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) was increased by poly-I:C in dose-dependent manner. Transfection of mir155 mimics into 16HBE14o- cells increased permeability and inhibited tight junction formation. Transfection of miR-155 inhibitor suppressed poly-I:C-induced barrier disruption. Poly-I:C treatment significantly decreased the expression of claudin members—claudin-1, -3, -4, -5, -9, -11, -16, -18 and -19. Transfection of miR-155 mimics showed similar changing expression pattern of claudin members with those of poly-I:C treatment. Conclusion These results suggest that RNA virus infection can impair the epithelial barrier disruption mechanism by down-regulation of claudin members through the induction of miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Hiranuma
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kozu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Yamada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Fukuda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurosawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimizu Tetsuo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakagawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizumura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Teimouri H, Maali A. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Host Pattern-Recognition Receptors Show Association with Antiviral Responses against SARS-CoV-2, in-silico Trial. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.8.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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IRF7 Is Required for the Second Phase Interferon Induction during Influenza Virus Infection in Human Lung Epithelia. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040377. [PMID: 32235406 PMCID: PMC7232147 DOI: 10.3390/v12040377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Retinoic acid-inducible protein I (RIG-I) plays an important role in the recognition of IAV in most cell types, and leads to the activation of interferon (IFN). We investigated mechanisms of RIG-I and IFN induction by IAV in the BCi-NS1.1 immortalized human airway basal cell line and in the A549 human alveolar epithelial cell line. We found that the basal expression levels of RIG-I and regulatory transcription factor (IRF) 7 were very low in BCi-NS1.1 cells. IAV infection induced robust RIG-I and IRF7, not IRF3, expression. siRNA against IRF7 and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), but not IRF3, significantly inhibited RIG-I mRNA expression and IFN induction by IAV infection. Most importantly, even without virus infection, IFN-β alone induced RIG-I, and siRNA against IRF7 did not inhibit RIG-I induction by IFN-β. Similar results were found in the alveolar basal epithelial A549 cell line. RIG-I and IRF7 expression in humans is highly inducible and greatly amplified by IFN produced from virus infected cells. IFN induction can be separated into two phases, that initially induced by the virus with basal RIG-I (the first phase), and that induced by the subsequent virus with amplified RIG-I from the first phase IFN (the second phase). The de novo synthesis of IRF7 is required for the second phase IFN induction during influenza virus infection in human lung bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells.
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71
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Shiraki K, Daikoku T. Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug against life-threatening RNA virus infections. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107512. [PMID: 32097670 PMCID: PMC7102570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Favipiravir has been developed as an anti-influenza drug and licensed as an anti-influenza drug in Japan. Additionally, favipiravir is being stockpiled for 2 million people as a countermeasure for novel influenza strains. This drug functions as a chain terminator at the site of incorporation of the viral RNA and reduces the viral load. Favipiravir cures all mice in a lethal influenza infection model, while oseltamivir fails to cure the animals. Thus, favipiravir contributes to curing animals with lethal infection. In addition to influenza, favipiravir has a broad spectrum of anti-RNA virus activities in vitro and efficacies in animal models with lethal RNA viruses and has been used for treatment of human infection with life-threatening Ebola virus, Lassa virus, rabies, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. The best feature of favipiravir as an antiviral agent is the apparent lack of generation of favipiravir-resistant viruses. Favipiravir alone maintains its therapeutic efficacy from the first to the last patient in an influenza pandemic or an epidemic lethal RNA virus infection. Favipiravir is expected to be an important therapeutic agent for severe influenza, the next pandemic influenza strain, and other severe RNA virus infections for which standard treatments are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyasu Shiraki
- Senri Kinran University and Department of Virology, University of Toyama, Japan.
| | - Tohru Daikoku
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Japan
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72
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LeMessurier KS, Tiwary M, Morin NP, Samarasinghe AE. Respiratory Barrier as a Safeguard and Regulator of Defense Against Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Immunol 2020; 11:3. [PMID: 32117216 PMCID: PMC7011736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of the respiratory system of gas exchange renders it vulnerable to environmental pathogens that circulate in the air. Physical and cellular barriers of the respiratory tract mucosal surface utilize a variety of strategies to obstruct microbe entry. Physical barrier defenses including the surface fluid replete with antimicrobials, neutralizing immunoglobulins, mucus, and the epithelial cell layer with rapidly beating cilia form a near impenetrable wall that separates the external environment from the internal soft tissue of the host. Resident leukocytes, primarily of the innate immune branch, also maintain airway integrity by constant surveillance and the maintenance of homeostasis through the release of cytokines and growth factors. Unfortunately, pathogens such as influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae require hosts for their replication and dissemination, and prey on the respiratory tract as an ideal environment causing severe damage to the host during their invasion. In this review, we outline the host-pathogen interactions during influenza and post-influenza bacterial pneumonia with a focus on inter- and intra-cellular crosstalk important in pulmonary immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S LeMessurier
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Meenakshi Tiwary
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Nicholas P Morin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amali E Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
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73
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Benam KH, Denney L, Ho LP. How the Respiratory Epithelium Senses and Reacts to Influenza Virus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:259-268. [PMID: 30372120 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0247tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human lung is constantly exposed to the environment and potential pathogens. As the interface between host and environment, the respiratory epithelium has evolved sophisticated sensing mechanisms as part of its defense against pathogens. In this review, we examine how the respiratory epithelium senses and responds to influenza A virus, the biggest cause of respiratory viral deaths worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambez H Benam
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Laura Denney
- 3 Translational Lung Immunology Programme, MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- 3 Translational Lung Immunology Programme, MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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74
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Differential Modulation of Innate Immune Responses in Human Primary Cells by Influenza A Viruses Carrying Human or Avian Nonstructural Protein 1. J Virol 2019; 94:JVI.00999-19. [PMID: 31597767 PMCID: PMC6912104 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00999-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics which result in an important health and economic burden. Wild aquatic birds are the natural host of IAV. However, IAV can infect diverse hosts, including humans, domestic poultry, pigs, and others. IAVs circulating in animals occasionally cross the species barrier, infecting humans, which results in mild to very severe disease. In some cases, these viruses can acquire the ability to be transmitted among humans and initiate a pandemic. The nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein of IAV is an important antagonist of the innate immune response. In this study, using recombinant viruses and primary human cells, we show that NS1 proteins from human and avian hosts show intrinsic differences in the modulation of the innate immunity in human dendritic cells and epithelial cells, as well as different cellular localization dynamics in infected cells. The influenza A virus (IAV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) contributes to disease pathogenesis through the inhibition of host innate immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) release interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines and promote adaptive immunity upon viral infection. In order to characterize the strain-specific effects of IAV NS1 on human DC activation, we infected human DCs with a panel of recombinant viruses with the same backbone (A/Puerto Rico/08/1934) expressing different NS1 proteins from human and avian origin. We found that these viruses induced a clearly distinct phenotype in DCs. Specifically, viruses expressing NS1 from human IAV (either H1N1 or H3N2) induced higher levels of expression of type I (IFN-α and IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ1 to IFNλ3) IFNs than viruses expressing avian IAV NS1 proteins (H5N1, H7N9, and H7N2), but the differences observed in the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) were not significant. In addition, using imaging flow cytometry, we found that human and avian NS1 proteins segregate based on their subcellular trafficking dynamics, which might be associated with the different innate immune profile induced in DCs by viruses expressing those NS1 proteins. Innate immune responses induced by our panel of IAV recombinant viruses were also characterized in normal human bronchial epithelial cells, and the results were consistent with those in DCs. Altogether, our results reveal an increased ability of NS1 from avian viruses to antagonize innate immune responses in human primary cells compared to the ability of NS1 from human viruses, which could contribute to the severe disease induced by avian IAV in humans. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics which result in an important health and economic burden. Wild aquatic birds are the natural host of IAV. However, IAV can infect diverse hosts, including humans, domestic poultry, pigs, and others. IAVs circulating in animals occasionally cross the species barrier, infecting humans, which results in mild to very severe disease. In some cases, these viruses can acquire the ability to be transmitted among humans and initiate a pandemic. The nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein of IAV is an important antagonist of the innate immune response. In this study, using recombinant viruses and primary human cells, we show that NS1 proteins from human and avian hosts show intrinsic differences in the modulation of the innate immunity in human dendritic cells and epithelial cells, as well as different cellular localization dynamics in infected cells.
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75
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Michaeloudes C, Bhavsar PK, Mumby S, Xu B, Hui CKM, Chung KF, Adcock IM. Role of Metabolic Reprogramming in Pulmonary Innate Immunity and Its Impact on Lung Diseases. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:31-46. [PMID: 31786568 DOI: 10.1159/000504344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung innate immunity is the first line of defence against inhaled allergens, pathogens and environmental pollutants. Cellular metabolism plays a key role in innate immunity. Catabolic pathways, including glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), are interconnected with biosynthetic and redox pathways. Innate immune cell activation and differentiation trigger extensive metabolic changes that are required to support their function. Pro-inflammatory polarisation of macrophages and activation of dendritic cells, mast cells and neutrophils are associated with increased glycolysis and a shift towards the pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acid synthesis. These changes provide the macromolecules required for proliferation and inflammatory mediator production and reactive oxygen species for anti-microbial effects. Conversely, anti-inflammatory macrophages use primarily FAO and oxidative phosphorylation to ensure efficient energy production and redox balance required for prolonged survival. Deregulation of metabolic reprogramming in lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, may contribute to impaired innate immune cell function. Understanding how innate immune cell metabolism is altered in lung disease may lead to identification of new therapeutic targets. This is important as drugs targeting a number of metabolic pathways are already in clinical development for the treatment of other diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Michaeloudes
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bingling Xu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Christopher Kim Ming Hui
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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76
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Polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor, and differential expression of Toll-like receptor-mediated cytokines and defensins, in a Canadian Indigenous group. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14204. [PMID: 31578370 PMCID: PMC6775093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canadian Indigenous peoples (First Nations and Inuit) exhibit a high burden of infectious diseases including tuberculosis influenced by societal factors, and biological determinants. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immune responses are the first line of defence against infections. We examined the production of a panel of 30 cytokines in peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants, following stimulation with five different TLR ligands. The levels of TLR-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12/23p40, IL-16, and IFN-γ, and chemokines (MCP-4, MDC and eotaxin) were different between Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous participants. Antimicrobial cationic host defence peptides (CHDP) induced by TLR activation are critical for resolution of infections and modulate the TLR-to-NFκB pathway to alter downstream cytokine responses. Therefore, we examined the expression of human CHDP defensins and cathelicidin in PBMC. mRNA expression of genes encoding for def-A1 and def-B1 were significantly higher following stimulation with TLR ligands in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous participants. The purinergic receptor P2X7 known to be activated by ATP released following TLR stimulation, is a receptor for CHDP. Therefore, we further examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in P2X7. Indigenous participants had a significantly higher percentage of a P2X7 SNP which is associated with reduced function and lower ability to clear infections. These results suggest that a higher frequency of non-functional P2X7 receptors may influence the activity of downstream immune mediators required for resolution of infections such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and CHDP defensins, thus contributing to higher burden of infections in Indigenous population.
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77
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Lim HK, Huang SXL, Chen J, Kerner G, Gilliaux O, Bastard P, Dobbs K, Hernandez N, Goudin N, Hasek ML, García Reino EJ, Lafaille FG, Lorenzo L, Luthra P, Kochetkov T, Bigio B, Boucherit S, Rozenberg F, Vedrinne C, Keller MD, Itan Y, García-Sastre A, Celard M, Orange JS, Ciancanelli MJ, Meyts I, Zhang Q, Abel L, Notarangelo LD, Snoeck HW, Casanova JL, Zhang SY. Severe influenza pneumonitis in children with inherited TLR3 deficiency. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2038-2056. [PMID: 31217193 PMCID: PMC6719423 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive IRF7 and IRF9 deficiencies impair type I and III IFN immunity and underlie severe influenza pneumonitis. We report three unrelated children with influenza A virus (IAV) infection manifesting as acute respiratory distress syndrome (IAV-ARDS), heterozygous for rare TLR3 variants (P554S in two patients and P680L in the third) causing autosomal dominant (AD) TLR3 deficiency. AD TLR3 deficiency can underlie herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) by impairing cortical neuron-intrinsic type I IFN immunity to HSV-1. TLR3-mutated leukocytes produce normal levels of IFNs in response to IAV. In contrast, TLR3-mutated fibroblasts produce lower levels of IFN-β and -λ, and display enhanced viral susceptibility, upon IAV infection. Moreover, the patients' iPSC-derived pulmonary epithelial cells (PECs) are susceptible to IAV. Treatment with IFN-α2b or IFN-λ1 rescues this phenotype. AD TLR3 deficiency may thus underlie IAV-ARDS by impairing TLR3-dependent, type I and/or III IFN-mediated, PEC-intrinsic immunity. Its clinical penetrance is incomplete for both IAV-ARDS and HSE, consistent with their typically sporadic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lim
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sarah X L Huang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Jie Chen
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaspard Kerner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gilliaux
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Medicine Faculty, Libre de Bruxelles University, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center of Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicholas Hernandez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nicolas Goudin
- Cell Imaging Platform Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US 24, Paris, France
| | - Mary L Hasek
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Eduardo Javier García Reino
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Fabien G Lafaille
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Priya Luthra
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tatiana Kochetkov
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Benedetta Bigio
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Soraya Boucherit
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Virology, Cochin-Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Vedrinne
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine in Cardiovascular Surgery, Louis Pradel Cardiological Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Michael D Keller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marie Celard
- National Center for Staphylococcus, Lyon Civil Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael J Ciancanelli
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Precision Immunology Institute and Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY .,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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78
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Song X, Liu S, Wang W, Ma Z, Cao X, Jiang M. E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF170 inhibits innate immune responses by targeting and degrading TLR3 in murine cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:865-874. [PMID: 31076723 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon recognition of dsRNA, toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recruits the adaptor protein TRIF to activate IRF3 and NF-κB signaling, initiating innate immune responses. The ubiquitination of TLR3 downstream signaling molecules and their roles in the innate response have been discovered; however, whether TLR3 itself is ubiquitinated and then functionally involved remains to be elucidated. By immunoprecipitating TLR3-binding proteins in macrophages, we identified ring finger protein 170 (RNF170) as a TLR3-binding E3 ligase. RNF170 mediated the K48-linked polyubiquitination of K766 in the TIR domain of TLR3 and promoted the degradation of TLR3 through the proteasome pathway. The genetic ablation of RNF170 selectively augmented TLR3-triggered innate immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Our results reveal a novel role for RNF170 in selectively inhibiting TLR3-triggered innate immune responses by promoting TLR3 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Song
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Wendie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghong Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China.
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79
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Veazey JM, Chapman TJ, Smyth TR, Hillman SE, Eliseeva SI, Georas SN. Distinct roles for MDA5 and TLR3 in the acute response to inhaled double-stranded RNA. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216056. [PMID: 31067281 PMCID: PMC6505938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelial barrier is critical for preventing pathogen invasion and translocation of inhaled particles into the lung. Epithelial cells also serve an important sentinel role after infection and release various pro-inflammatory mediators that recruit and activate immune cells. Airway epithelial barrier disruption has been implicated in a growing number of respiratory diseases including viral infections. It is thought that when a pathogen breaks the barrier and gains access to the host tissue, pro-inflammatory mediators increase, which further disrupts the barrier and initiates a vicious cycle of leak. However, it is difficult to study airway barrier integrity in vivo, and little is known about relationship between epithelial barrier function and airway inflammation. Current assays of pulmonary barrier integrity quantify the leak of macromolecules from the vasculature into the airspaces (or “inside/out” leak). However, it is also important to measure the ease with which inhaled particles, allergens, or pathogens can enter the subepithelial tissues (or “outside/in” leak). We challenged mice with inhaled double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and explored the relationship between inside/out and outside/in barrier function and airway inflammation. Using wild-type and gene-targeted mice, we studied the roles of the dsRNA sensors Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5). Here we report that after acute challenge with inhaled dsRNA, airway barrier dysfunction occurs in a TLR3-dependent manner, whereas leukocyte accumulation is largely MDA5-dependent. We conclude that airway barrier dysfunction and inflammation are regulated by different mechanisms at early time points after exposure to inhaled dsRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M. Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Smyth
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sara E. Hillman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sophia I. Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Steve N. Georas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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80
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Dutot M, Grassin-Delyle S, Salvator H, Brollo M, Rat P, Fagon R, Naline E, Devillier P. A marine-sourced fucoidan solution inhibits Toll-like-receptor-3-induced cytokine release by human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:429-436. [PMID: 30797011 PMCID: PMC7112488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae, known to have immunomodulatory activity. Their effects on the response of airway epithelial cells to Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) stimulation have not been characterized. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a marine-sourced fucoidan solution (MFS) on the TLR3-induced expression and/or production of cytokines and prostaglandin by human primary bronchial epithelial cells as a model of the airway epithelium. The cells were incubated with MFS in the presence or absence of Poly(I:C) (a TLR3 agonist that mimics viral RNA). Cytokine expression and production were assessed using RT-qPCR and ELISA. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the production of prostaglandin E2 were also measured. Relative to control, exposure to MFS was associated with lower Poly(I:C)-induced mRNA expression of various cytokines and chemokines, and lower COX-2 production. The MFS inhibited the production of some cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6), chemokines (CCL5, CCL22, CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL8) and prostaglandin E2 but did not alter the production of IL-12/25, CCL2 and CCL20. At clinically relevant concentrations, the MFS inhibited the TLR3-mediated production of inflammatory mediators by human primary bronchial epithelial cells - suggesting that locally applied MFS might help to reduce airway inflammation in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dutot
- Yslab, F-29000 Quimper, France; CNRS UMR 8038, Laboratoire de Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - S Grassin-Delyle
- INSERM UMR 1173 et Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse MasSpecLab, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Département des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, F-92150 Suresnes, France
| | - H Salvator
- Département des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, F-92150 Suresnes, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Respiratoire, UPRES EA 220, UFR Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92150 Suresnes, France
| | - M Brollo
- Département des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, F-92150 Suresnes, France
| | - P Rat
- CNRS UMR 8038, Laboratoire de Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - R Fagon
- Yslab, F-29000 Quimper, France
| | - E Naline
- Département des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, F-92150 Suresnes, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Respiratoire, UPRES EA 220, UFR Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92150 Suresnes, France
| | - P Devillier
- Département des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, F-92150 Suresnes, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Respiratoire, UPRES EA 220, UFR Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92150 Suresnes, France
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81
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Saitoh SI, Miyake K. Nucleic Acid Innate Immune Receptors. ADVANCES IN NUCLEIC ACID THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788015714-00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection is a serious threat to humans. Nucleic acid (NA) sensing is an essential strategy to protect humans from viral infection. Currently, many intracellular NA sensors for DNA and RNA have been identified. To control viral infections, the immune system uses a variety of NA sensors, including Toll-like receptors in endolysosomes and cytosolic NA sensors. These sensors activate defence responses by inducing the production of a variety of cytokines, including type I interferons and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). In addition to viral NAs, self-derived NAs are released during tissue damage and activate NA sensors, which leads to a variety of inflammatory diseases. To avoid unnecessary activation of NA sensors, the processing and trafficking of NA sensors and NAs needs to be tightly controlled. The regulatory mechanisms of NA sensors and NAs have been clarified by biochemical, cell biological, and crystal structure analyses. Here, we summarize recent progress on the mechanisms controlling NA sensor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Shirokanedai Minatoku Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Shirokanedai Minatoku Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
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82
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Vierbuchen T, Stein K, Heine H. RNA is taking its Toll: Impact of RNA-specific Toll-like receptors on health and disease. Allergy 2019; 74:223-235. [PMID: 30475385 DOI: 10.1111/all.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are often described as antiviral receptors of the innate immune system. However, the past decade has shown that the function and relevance of these receptors are far more complex. They were found to be essential for the detection of various bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microorganisms and facilitate the discrimination between dead and living microbes. The cytokine and interferon response profile that is triggered has the potential to improve the efficacy of next-generation vaccines and may prevent the development of asthma and allergy. Nevertheless, the ability to recognize foreign RNA comes with a cost as also damaged host cells can release nucleic acids that might induce an inappropriate immune response. Thus, it is not surprising that RNA-sensing TLRs play a key role in various autoimmune diseases. However, promising new inhibitors and antagonists are on the horizon to improve their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vierbuchen
- Division of Innate Immunity Research Center Borstel – Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Karina Stein
- Division of Innate Immunity Research Center Borstel – Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Borstel Germany
| | - Holger Heine
- Division of Innate Immunity Research Center Borstel – Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Borstel Germany
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83
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Walugembe M, Bertolini F, Dematawewa CMB, Reis MP, Elbeltagy AR, Schmidt CJ, Lamont SJ, Rothschild MF. Detection of Selection Signatures Among Brazilian, Sri Lankan, and Egyptian Chicken Populations Under Different Environmental Conditions. Front Genet 2019; 9:737. [PMID: 30693019 PMCID: PMC6339939 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme environmental conditions are a major challenge in livestock production. Changes in climate, particularly those that contribute to weather extremes like drought or excessive humidity, may result in reduced performance and reproduction and could compromise the animal's immune function. Animal survival within extreme environmental conditions could be in response to natural selection and to artificial selection for production traits that over time together may leave selection signatures in the genome. The aim of this study was to identify selection signatures that may be involved in the adaptation of indigenous chickens from two different climatic regions (Sri Lanka = Tropical; Egypt = Arid) and in non-indigenous chickens that derived from human migration events to the generally tropical State of São Paulo, Brazil. To do so, analyses were conducted using fixation index (Fst) and hapFLK analyses. Chickens from Brazil (n = 156), Sri Lanka (n = 92), and Egypt (n = 96) were genotyped using the Affymetrix Axiom®600k Chicken Genotyping Array. Pairwise Fst analyses among countries did not detect major regions of divergence between chickens from Sri Lanka and Brazil, with ecotypes/breeds from Brazil appearing to be genetically related to Asian-Indian (Sri Lanka) ecotypes. However, several differences were detected in comparisons of Egyptian with either Sri Lankan or Brazilian populations, and common regions of difference on chromosomes 2, 3 and 8 were detected. The hapFLK analyses for the three separate countries suggested unique regions that are potentially under selection on chromosome 1 for all three countries, on chromosome 4 for Sri Lankan, and on chromosomes 3, 5, and 11 for the Egyptian populations. Some of identified regions under selection with hapFLK analyses contained genes such as TLR3, SOCS2, EOMES, and NFAT5 whose biological functions could provide insights in understanding adaptation mechanisms in response to arid and tropical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Walugembe
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Matheus P Reis
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ahmed R Elbeltagy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Max F Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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84
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Kumar R, Gong H, Liu L, Ramos-Solis N, Seye CI, Derbigny WA. TLR3 deficiency exacerbates the loss of epithelial barrier function during genital tract Chlamydia muridarum infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207422. [PMID: 30625140 PMCID: PMC6326510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem Chlamydia trachomatis infections are often associated with acute syndromes including cervicitis, urethritis, and endometritis, which can lead to chronic sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal infertility. As epithelial cells are the primary cell type productively infected during genital tract Chlamydia infections, we investigated whether Chlamydia has any impact on the integrity of the host epithelial barrier as a possible mechanism to facilitate the dissemination of infection, and examined whether TLR3 function modulates its impact. Method of study We used wild-type and TLR3-deficient murine oviduct epithelial (OE) cells to ascertain whether C. muridarum infection had any effect on the epithelial barrier integrity of these cells as measured by transepithelial resistance (TER) and cell permeability assays. We next assessed whether infection impacted the transcription and protein function of the cellular tight-junction (TJ) genes for claudins1-4, ZO-1, JAM1 and occludin via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot. Results qPCR, immunoblotting, transwell permeability assays, and TER studies show that Chlamydia compromises cellular TJ function throughout infection in murine OE cells and that TLR3 deficiency significantly exacerbates this effect. Conclusion Our data show that TLR3 plays a role in modulating epithelial barrier function during Chlamydia infection of epithelial cells lining the genital tract. These findings propose a role for TLR3 signaling in maintaining the integrity of epithelial barrier function during genital tract Chlamydia infection, a function that we hypothesize is important in helping limit the chlamydial spread and subsequent genital tract pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Haoli Gong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nicole Ramos-Solis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Cheikh I. Seye
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Wilbert A. Derbigny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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85
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Farahnak S, Chronopoulos J, Martin JG. Nucleic Acid Sensing in Allergic Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 345:1-33. [PMID: 30904191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances indicate that there is crosstalk between allergic disorders and nucleic acid sensing. Triggers that activate inflammatory mechanisms via nucleic acid sensors affect both allergic phenotypes and anti-viral responses, depending on the timing and the order of exposure. Viral respiratory infections, such as those caused by the rhinovirus, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus, are the most frequent cause of significant asthma exacerbations through effects mediated predominantly by TLR3. However, agonists of other nucleic acid sensors, such as TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists, may inhibit allergic inflammation and reduce clinical manifestations of disease. The allergic state can predispose the immune system to both exaggerated responses to viral infections or protection from anti-viral inflammatory responses. TH2 cytokines appear to alter the epithelium, leading to defective viral clearance or exaggerated responses to viral infections. However, a TH2 skewed allergic response may be protective against a TH1-dependent inflammatory anti-viral response. This review briefly introduces the receptors involved in nucleic acid sensing, addresses mechanisms by which nucleic acid sensing and allergic responses can counteract one another, and discusses the strategies in experimental settings, both in animal and human studies, to harness the nucleic acid sensing machinery for the intervention of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Farahnak
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Chronopoulos
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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86
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Sánchez-Ramón S, Conejero L, Netea MG, Sancho D, Palomares Ó, Subiza JL. Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines: A New Paradigm for the Development of Broad-Spectrum Anti-infectious Formulations. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2936. [PMID: 30619296 PMCID: PMC6304371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenge with specific microbial stimuli induces long lasting epigenetic changes in innate immune cells that result in their enhanced response to a second challenge by the same or unrelated microbial insult, a process referred to as trained immunity. This opens a new avenue in vaccinology to develop Trained Immunity-based Vaccines (TIbV), defined as vaccine formulations that induce training in innate immune cells. Unlike conventional vaccines, which are aimed to elicit only specific responses to vaccine-related antigens, TIbV aim to stimulate broader responses. As trained immunity is generally triggered by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), TIbV should be formulated with microbial structures containing suitable PRR-ligands. The TIbV concept we describe here may be used for the development of vaccines focused to promote host resistance against a wide spectrum of pathogens. Under the umbrella of trained immunity, a broad protection can be achieved by: (i) increasing the nonspecific effector response of innate immune cells (e.g., monocyte/macrophages) to pathogens, (ii) harnessing the activation state of dendritic cells to enhance adaptive T cell responses to both specific and nonrelated (bystander) antigens. This capacity of TIbV to promote responses beyond their nominal antigens may be particularly useful when conventional vaccines are not available or when multiple coinfections and/or recurrent infections arise in susceptible individuals. As the set of PRR-ligands chosen is essential not only for stimulating trained immunity but also to drive adaptive immunity, the precise design of TIbV will improve with the knowledge on the functional relationship among the different PRRs. While the TIbV concept is emerging, a number of the current anti-infectious vaccines, immunostimulants, and even vaccine adjuvants may already fall in the TIbV category. This may apply to increase immunogenicity of novel vaccine design approaches based on small molecules, like those achieved by reverse vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, ENT and Ophthalmology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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87
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RIG-I Signaling via MAVS Is Dispensable for Survival in Lethal Influenza Infection In Vivo. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6808934. [PMID: 30532653 PMCID: PMC6250004 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6808934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is an important regulator of virus-induced antiviral interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. It requires interaction with an adaptor molecule, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), to activate downstream signaling pathways. To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which RIG-I-dependent recognition of IAV infection in vivo triggers innate immune responses, we infected mutant mice lacking RIG-I or MAVS with influenza A virus (IAV) and measured their innate immune responses. As has previously been demonstrated with isolated deletion of the virus recognition receptors TLR3, TLR7, and NOD2, RIG-I or MAVS knockout (KO) did not result in higher mortality and did not reduce IAV-induced cytokine responses in mice. Infected RIG-I KO animals displayed similar lung inflammation profiles as did WT mice, in terms of the protein concentration, total cell count, and inflammatory cell composition in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RNA-Seq results demonstrated that all types of mice exhibited equivalent antiviral and inflammatory gene responses following IAV infection. Together, the results indicated that although RIG-I is important in innate cytokine responses in vitro, individual deletion of the genes encoding RIG-I or MAVS did not change survival or innate responses in vivo after IAV infection in mice.
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88
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Lin GL, McGinley JP, Drysdale SB, Pollard AJ. Epidemiology and Immune Pathogenesis of Viral Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2147. [PMID: 30319615 PMCID: PMC6170629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can be caused by a broad range of pathogens; however, bacterial infections represent the majority of sepsis cases. Up to 42% of sepsis presentations are culture negative, suggesting a non-bacterial cause. Despite this, diagnosis of viral sepsis remains very rare. Almost any virus can cause sepsis in vulnerable patients (e.g., neonates, infants, and other immunosuppressed groups). The prevalence of viral sepsis is not known, nor is there enough information to make an accurate estimate. The initial standard of care for all cases of sepsis, even those that are subsequently proven to be culture negative, is the immediate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the absence of definite diagnostic criteria for viral sepsis, or at least to exclude bacterial sepsis, this inevitably leads to unnecessary antimicrobial use, with associated consequences for antimicrobial resistance, effects on the host microbiome and excess healthcare costs. It is important to understand non-bacterial causes of sepsis so that inappropriate treatment can be minimised, and appropriate treatments can be developed to improve outcomes. In this review, we summarise what is known about viral sepsis, its most common causes, and how the immune responses to severe viral infections can contribute to sepsis. We also discuss strategies to improve our understanding of viral sepsis, and ways we can integrate this new information into effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu-Lung Lin
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P McGinley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B Drysdale
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatrics, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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89
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Günther J, Seyfert HM. The first line of defence: insights into mechanisms and relevance of phagocytosis in epithelial cells. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:555-565. [PMID: 30182191 PMCID: PMC6223882 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues cover most of the external and internal surfaces of the body and its organs. Inevitably, these tissues serve as first line of defence against inorganic, organic, and microbial intruders. Epithelial cells are the main cell type of these tissues. Besides their function as cellular barrier, there is growing evidence that epithelial cells are of particular relevance as initial sensors of danger and also as executers of adequate defence responses. These cells feature various essential functions to maintain tissue integrity in health and disease. In this review, we survey some of the different innate immune functions of epithelial cells in mucosal tissues being constantly exposed to a plethora of harmless contaminants but also of pathogens. We discuss how epithelial cells avoid inadequate immune responses in such conditions. In particular, we will focus on the diverse types and mechanisms of phagocytosis used by epithelial cells to not only maintain homeostasis but to also harness the host response against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Günther
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Hans-Martin Seyfert
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
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90
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Huo C, Jin Y, Zou S, Qi P, Xiao J, Tian H, Wang M, Hu Y. Lethal influenza A virus preferentially activates TLR3 and triggers a severe inflammatory response. Virus Res 2018; 257:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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91
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Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Modulate Wound Regeneration in Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082456. [PMID: 30127243 PMCID: PMC6121421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Impaired regeneration of airway epithelium may lead to persistence of inflammation and remodelling. Regeneration of injured epithelium is a complex phenomenon and the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the stimulation of respiratory virus products in this process has not been established. Objective: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the wound repair process in airway epithelium is modulated by microbial products via toll-like receptors. Methods: Injured and not-injured bronchial epithelial cells (ECs) (BEAS-2B line) were incubated with the TLR agonists poly(I:C), lipopolisacharide (LPS), allergen Der p1, and supernatants from virus-infected epithelial cells, either alone or in combination with TLR inhibitors. Regeneration and immune response in injured and not-injured cells were studied. Results: Addition of either poly(I:C) or LPS to ECs induced a marked inhibition of wound repair. Supernatants from RV1b-infected cells also decreased regeneration. Preincubation of injured and not-injured ECs with TLR inhibitors decreased LPS and poly(I:C)-induced repair inhibition. TGF-β and RANTES mRNA expression was higher in injured ECs and IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-8, and VEGF mRNA expression was lower in damaged epithelium as compared to not-injured. Stimulation with poly(I:C) increased IFN-α and IFN-β mRNA expression in injured cells, and LPS stimulation decreased interferons mRNA expression both in not-injured and injured ECs. Conclusion: Regeneration of the airway epithelium is modulated by microbial products via toll-like receptors.
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92
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Denney L, Ho LP. The role of respiratory epithelium in host defence against influenza virus infection. Biomed J 2018; 41:218-233. [PMID: 30348265 PMCID: PMC6197993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is the major interface between the environment and the host. Sophisticated barrier, sensing, anti-microbial and immune regulatory mechanisms have evolved to help maintain homeostasis and to defend the lung against foreign substances and pathogens. During influenza virus infection, these specialised structural cells and populations of resident immune cells come together to mount the first response to the virus, one which would play a significant role in the immediate and long term outcome of the infection. In this review, we focus on the immune defence machinery of the respiratory epithelium and briefly explore how it repairs and regenerates after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Denney
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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93
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Bell GD, Yang Y, Leung E, Krissansen GW. mRNA transfection by a Xentry-protamine cell-penetrating peptide is enhanced by TLR antagonist E6446. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201464. [PMID: 30059522 PMCID: PMC6066245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) transfection is a developing field that has applications in research and gene therapy. Potentially, mRNA transfection can be mediated efficiently by cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as they may be modified to target specific tissues. However, whilst CPPs are well-documented to transfect oligonucleotides and plasmids, mRNA transfection by CPPs has barely been explored. Here we report that peptides, including a truncated form of protamine and the same peptide fused to the CPP Xentry (Xentry-protamine; XP), can transfect mRNAs encoding reporter genes into human cells. Further, this transfection is enhanced by the anti-malarial chloroquine (CQ) and the toll-like receptor antagonist E6446 (6-[3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propoxy)-2-(4-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl]benzo[d]oxazole), with E6446 being >5-fold more potent than CQ at enhancing this transfection. Finally, E6446 facilitated the transfection by XP of mRNA encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, the protein mutated in cystic fibrosis. As such, these findings introduce E6446 as a novel transfection enhancer and may be of practical relevance to researchers seeking to improve the mRNA transfection efficiency of their preferred CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D. Bell
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey W. Krissansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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94
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Nguyen TH, Liu X, Su ZZ, Hsu ACY, Foster PS, Yang M. Potential Role of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Antiviral Responses to Influenza Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1541. [PMID: 30022983 PMCID: PMC6039551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major health burden worldwide and is caused by influenza viruses that are enveloped and negative stranded RNA viruses. Little progress has been achieved in targeted intervention, either at a population level or at an individual level (to treat the cause), due to the toxicity of drugs and ineffective vaccines against influenza viruses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in gene expression, cell differentiation, and tissue development and have been shown to silence viral replication in a sequence-specific manner. Investigation of these small endogenous nucleotides may lead to new therapeutics against influenza virus infection. Here, we describe our current understanding of the role of miRNAs in host defense response against influenza virus, as well as their potential and limitation as new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hiep Nguyen
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhen Zhong Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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95
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Lawand M, Evnouchidou I, Baranek T, Montealegre S, Tao S, Drexler I, Saveanu L, Si-Tahar M, van Endert P. Impact of the TAP-like transporter in antigen presentation and phagosome maturation. Mol Immunol 2018; 113:75-86. [PMID: 29941219 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cross-presentation is thought to require transport of proteasome-generated peptides by the TAP transporters into MHC class I loading compartments for most antigens. However, a proteasome-dependent but TAP-independent pathway has also been described. Depletion of the pool of recycling cell surface MHC class I molecules available for loading with cross-presented peptides might partly or largely account for the critical role of TAP in cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens. Here we examined a potential role of the homodimeric lysosomal TAP-like transporter in cross-presentation and in presentation of endogenous peptides by MHC class II molecules. We find that TAP-L is strongly recruited to dendritic cell phagosomes at a late stage, when internalized antigen and MHC class I molecules have been degraded or sorted away from phagosomes. Cross-presentation of a receptor-targeted antigen in vitro and of a phagocytosed antigen in vivo, as well as presentation of a cytosolic antigen by MHC class II molecules, is not affected by TAP-L deficiency. However, accumulation in vitro of a peptide optimally adapted to TAP-L selectivity in purified phagosomes is abolished by TAP-L deficiency. Unexpectedly, we find that TAP-L deficiency accelerates phagosome maturation, as reflected in increased Lamp2b recruitment and enhanced proteolytic degradation of phagocytosed antigen and in vitro transported peptides. Although additional experimentation will be required to definitely conclude on the role of TAP-L in transport of peptides presented by MHC class I and class II molecules, our data suggest that the principal role of TAP-L in dendritic cells may be related to regulation of phagosome maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Lawand
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Irini Evnouchidou
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Thomas Baranek
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1100, Université F. Rabelais, Faculté de médecine, Centre d'études des pathologies respiratoires, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
| | - Sebastian Montealegre
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sha Tao
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Loredana Saveanu
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1100, Université F. Rabelais, Faculté de médecine, Centre d'études des pathologies respiratoires, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de médecine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253; 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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96
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Casanova V, Sousa FH, Stevens C, Barlow PG. Antiviral therapeutic approaches for human rhinovirus infections. Future Virol 2018; 13:505-518. [PMID: 30245735 PMCID: PMC6136076 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses are the primary etiological agent of the common cold. This infection can be mild and self-limiting in immunocompetent hosts, but can be associated with bronchiolitis in infants, pneumonia in the immunosuppressed and exacerbations of pre-existing pulmonary conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Many of these conditions can place significant economic costs upon healthcare infrastructure. There is currently no licensed vaccine for rhinovirus, as the large variety of rhinovirus serotypes has posed significant challenges for research. In this review, we discuss current knowledge around antiviral drugs and small molecule inhibitors of rhinovirus infection, as well as antiviral host defense peptides as exciting prospects to approach the development of novel therapeutics which target human rhinovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Casanova
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland
| | - Filipa H Sousa
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland
| | - Peter G Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland
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97
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Thomas M, Pierson M, Uprety T, Zhu L, Ran Z, Sreenivasan CC, Wang D, Hause B, Francis DH, Li F, Kaushik RS. Comparison of Porcine Airway and Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines for the Susceptibility and Expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors upon Influenza Virus Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:E312. [PMID: 29880757 PMCID: PMC6024858 DOI: 10.3390/v10060312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses infect the epithelial cells of the swine respiratory tract. Cell lines derived from the respiratory tract of pigs could serve as an excellent in vitro model for studying the pathogenesis of influenza viruses. In this study, we examined the replication of influenza viruses in the MK1-OSU cell line, which was clonally derived from pig airway epithelium. MK1-OSU cells expressed both cytokeratin and vimentin proteins and displayed several sugar moieties on the cell membrane. These cells also expressed both Sial2-3Gal and Sial2-6Gal receptors and were susceptible to swine influenza A, but not to human B and C viruses. Interestingly, these cells were also permissive to infection by influenza D virus that utilized 9-O-acetylated glycans. To study the differences in the expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) upon influenza virus infection in the respiratory and digestive tract, we compared the protein expression of various PRRs in MK1-OSU cells with that in the SD-PJEC cell line, a clonally derived cell line from the porcine jejunal epithelium. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) receptors showed decreased expression in influenza A infected MK1-OSU cells, while only TLR-7 expression decreased in SD-PJEC cells. Further research is warranted to study the mechanism behind the virus-mediated suppression of these proteins. Overall, this study shows that the porcine respiratory epithelial cell line, MK1-OSU, could serve as an in-vitro model for studying the pathogenesis and innate immune responses to porcine influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Thomas
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Max Pierson
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Tirth Uprety
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Laihua Zhu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Zhiguang Ran
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Chithra C Sreenivasan
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Ben Hause
- Cambridge Technologies, Oxford Street Worthington, MN 56187, USA.
| | - David H Francis
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Radhey S Kaushik
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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98
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Goraya MU, Ziaghum F, Chen S, Raza A, Chen Y, Chi X. Role of innate immunity in pathophysiology of classical swine fever virus infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:248-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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99
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Ahmed-Hassan H, Abdul-Cader MS, Ahmed Sabry M, Hamza E, Sharif S, Nagy E, Abdul-Careem MF. Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid-Mediated Antiviral Response Against Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:433-446. [PMID: 29813000 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 signaling pathway is known to induce type 1 interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory mediators leading to antiviral response against many viral infections. Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) has been shown to act as a ligand for TLR3 and, as such, has been a focus as a potential antiviral agent in many host-viral infection models. Yet, its effectiveness and involved mechanisms as a mediator against low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) have not been investigated adequately. In this study, we used avian fibroblasts to verify whether dsRNA induces antiviral response against H4N6 LPAIV and clarify whether type 1 IFNs and proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β are contributing to the dsRNA-mediated antiviral response against H4N6 LPAIV. We found that dsRNA induces antiviral response in avian fibroblasts against H4N6 LPAIV infection. The treatment of avian fibroblasts with dsRNA increases the expressions of TLR3, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-1β. We also confirmed that this antiviral response elicited against H4N6 LPAIV infection correlates, but is not attributable to type 1 IFNs or IL-1β. Our findings imply that the TLR3 ligand, dsRNA, can elicit antiviral response in avian fibroblasts against LPAIV infection, highlighting potential value of dsRNA as an antiviral agent against LPAIV infections. However, further investigations are required to determine the potential role of other innate immune mediators or combination of the tested cytokines in the dsRNA-mediated antiviral response against H4N6 LPAIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan
- 1 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada .,2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- 1 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maha Ahmed Sabry
- 2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- 2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Shayan Sharif
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Nagy
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- 1 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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100
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Garcia CC, Tavares LP, Dias ACF, Kehdy F, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Queiroz-Junior CM, Galvão I, Lima BH, Matos AR, Gonçalves APF, Soriani FM, Moraes MO, Marques JT, Siqueira MM, Machado AMV, Sousa LP, Russo RC, Teixeira MM. Phosphatidyl Inositol 3 Kinase-Gamma Balances Antiviral and Inflammatory Responses During Influenza A H1N1 Infection: From Murine Model to Genetic Association in Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:975. [PMID: 29867955 PMCID: PMC5962662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes severe pulmonary disease characterized by intense leukocyte infiltration. Phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3Ks) are central signaling enzymes, involved in cell growth, survival, and migration. Class IB PI3K or phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase-gamma (PI3Kγ), mainly expressed by leukocytes, is involved in cell migration during inflammation. Here, we investigated the contribution of PI3Kγ for the inflammatory and antiviral responses to IAV. PI3Kγ knockout (KO) mice were highly susceptible to lethality following infection with influenza A/WSN/33 H1N1. In the early time points of infection, infiltration of neutrophils was higher than WT mice whereas type-I and type-III IFN expression and p38 activation were reduced in PI3Kγ KO mice resulting in higher viral loads when compared with WT mice. Blockade of p38 in WT macrophages infected with IAV reduced levels of interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein to those induced in PI3Kγ KO macrophages, suggesting that p38 is downstream of antiviral responses mediated by PI3Kγ. PI3Kγ KO-derived fibroblasts or macrophages showed reduced type-I IFN transcription and altered pro-inflammatory cytokines suggesting a cell autonomous imbalance between inflammatory and antiviral responses. Seven days after IAV infection, there were reduced infiltration of natural killer cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes, increased concentration of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar fluid, reduced numbers of resolving macrophages, and IL-10 levels in PI3Kγ KO. This imbalanced environment in PI3Kγ KO-infected mice culminated in enhanced lung neutrophil infiltration, reactive oxygen species release, and lung damage that together with the increased viral loads, contributed to higher mortality in PI3Kγ KO mice compared with WT mice. In humans, we tested the genetic association of disease severity in influenza A/H1N1pdm09-infected patients with three potentially functional PIK3CG single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1129293, rs17847825, and rs2230460. We observed that SNPs rs17847825 and rs2230460 (A and T alleles, respectively) were significantly associated with protection from severe disease using the recessive model in patients infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Altogether, our results suggest that PI3Kγ is crucial in balancing antiviral and inflammatory responses to IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina F Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Kehdy
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Elena Alvarado-Arnez
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Coordinación Nacional de Investigación, UNIFRANZ, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Braulio H Lima
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Inflamação e Dor, Departamento de Farmacologia, Prédio Central, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline R Matos
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frederico M Soriani
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milton O Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João T Marques
- Laboratório de RNA de Interferência, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marilda M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M V Machado
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo C Russo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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