51
|
Grasso G, Santoro AM, Lanza V, Sbardella D, Tundo GR, Ciaccio C, Marini S, Coletta M, Milardi D. The double faced role of copper in Aβ homeostasis: A survey on the interrelationship between metal dyshomeostasis, UPS functioning and autophagy in neurodegeneration. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
52
|
Jain CV, Jessmon P, Barrak CT, Bolnick AD, Kilburn BA, Hertz M, Armant DR. Trophoblast survival signaling during human placentation requires HSP70 activation of MMP2-mediated HBEGF shedding. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1772-1783. [PMID: 28731464 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of trophoblast cells in the low oxygen environment of human placentation requires metalloproteinase-mediated shedding of HBEGF and downstream signaling. A matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) antibody array and quantitative RT-PCR revealed upregulation of MMP2 post-transcriptionally in human first trimester HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells and placental villous explants exposed to 2% O2. Specific MMP inhibitors established the requirement for MMP2 in HBEGF shedding and upregulation. Because α-amanitin inhibited the upregulation of HBEGF, differentially expressed genes were identified by next-generation sequencing of RNA from trophoblast cells cultured at 2% O2 for 0, 1, 2 and 4 h. Nine genes, all containing HIF-response elements, were upregulated at 1 h, but only HSPA6 (HSP70B') remained elevated at 2-4 h. The HSP70 chaperone inhibitor VER 155008 blocked upregulation of both MMP2 and HBEGF at 2% O2, and increased apoptosis. However, both HBEGF upregulation and apoptosis were rescued by exogenous MMP2. Proximity ligation assays demonstrated interactions between HSP70 and MMP2, and between MMP2 and HBEGF, supporting the concept that MMP2-mediated shedding of HBEGF, initiated by HSP70, contributes to trophoblast survival at the low O2 concentrations encountered during the first trimester, and is essential for successful pregnancy outcomes. Trophoblast survival during human placentation, when oxygenation is minimal, required HSP70 activity, which mediated MMP2 accumulation and the transactivation of anti-apoptotic ERBB signaling by HBEGF shedding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandni V Jain
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Philip Jessmon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Charbel T Barrak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alan D Bolnick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Brian A Kilburn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Hertz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - D Randall Armant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Drew SC. The Case for Abandoning Therapeutic Chelation of Copper Ions in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:317. [PMID: 28626387 PMCID: PMC5455140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The "therapeutic chelation" approach to treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) evolved from the metals hypothesis, with the premise that small molecules can be designed to prevent transition metal-induced amyloid deposition and oxidative stress within the AD brain. Over more than 20 years, countless in vitro studies have been devoted to characterizing metal binding, its effect on Aβ aggregation, ROS production, and in vitro toxicity. Despite a lack of evidence for any clinical benefit, the conjecture that therapeutic chelation is an effective approach for treating AD remains widespread. Here, the author plays the devil's advocate, questioning the experimental evidence, the dogma, and the value of therapeutic chelation, with a major focus on copper ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. Drew
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Poprac P, Jomova K, Simunkova M, Kollar V, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. Targeting Free Radicals in Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:592-607. [PMID: 28551354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by (i) opposing biological mechanisms, (ii) an inverse correlation between their incidences, and (iii) oxidative stress being a common denominator of both diseases. Increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells from oncogenic signaling and/or metabolic disturbances leads to upregulation of cellular antioxidant capacity to maintain ROS levels below a toxic threshold. Combining drugs that induce high levels of ROS with compounds that suppress cellular antioxidant capacity by depleting antioxidant systems [glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thioredoxin (TRX)] and/or targeting glucose metabolism represents a potential anticancer strategy. In AD, free metals and/or Aβ:metal complexes may cause damage to biomolecules in the brain (via Fenton reaction), including DNA. Metal chelation, based on the application of selective metal chelators or metal delivery, may induce neuroprotective signaling and represents a promising therapeutic strategy. This review examines therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of oxidative stress in cancer and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Poprac
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miriama Simunkova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Kollar
- School of Economics and Management in Public Administration in Bratislava, Furdekova 16, 851 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Aspartate aminotransferase is potently inhibited by copper complexes: Exploring copper complex-binding proteome. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 170:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
56
|
Zuroff L, Daley D, Black KL, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Clearance of cerebral Aβ in Alzheimer's disease: reassessing the role of microglia and monocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2167-2201. [PMID: 28197669 PMCID: PMC5425508 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency in cerebral amyloid β-protein (Aβ) clearance is implicated in the pathogenesis of the common late-onset forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Accumulation of misfolded Aβ in the brain is believed to be a net result of imbalance between its production and removal. This in turn may trigger neuroinflammation, progressive synaptic loss, and ultimately cognitive decline. Clearance of cerebral Aβ is a complex process mediated by various systems and cell types, including vascular transport across the blood–brain barrier, glymphatic drainage, and engulfment and degradation by resident microglia and infiltrating innate immune cells. Recent studies have highlighted a new, unexpected role for peripheral monocytes and macrophages in restricting cerebral Aβ fibrils, and possibly soluble oligomers. In AD transgenic (ADtg) mice, monocyte ablation or inhibition of their migration into the brain exacerbated Aβ pathology, while blood enrichment with monocytes and their increased recruitment to plaque lesion sites greatly diminished Aβ burden. Profound neuroprotective effects in ADtg mice were further achieved through increased cerebral recruitment of myelomonocytes overexpressing Aβ-degrading enzymes. This review summarizes the literature on cellular and molecular mechanisms of cerebral Aβ clearance with an emphasis on the role of peripheral monocytes and macrophages in Aβ removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Zuroff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente, AHSP A8115, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Daley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente, AHSP A8115, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente, AHSP A8115, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente, AHSP A8115, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Wild K, August A, Pietrzik CU, Kins S. Structure and Synaptic Function of Metal Binding to the Amyloid Precursor Protein and its Proteolytic Fragments. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:21. [PMID: 28197076 PMCID: PMC5281630 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is ultimately linked to the amyloid precursor protein (APP). However, current research reveals an important synaptic function of APP and APP-like proteins (APLP1 and 2). In this context various neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions have been reported for the APP proteolytic fragments sAPPα, sAPPβ and the monomeric amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ). APP is a metalloprotein and binds copper and zinc ions. Synaptic activity correlates with a release of these ions into the synaptic cleft and dysregulation of their homeostasis is linked to different neurodegenerative diseases. Metal binding to APP or its fragments affects its structure and its proteolytic cleavage and therefore its physiological function at the synapse. Here, we summarize the current data supporting this hypothesis and provide a model of how these different mechanisms might be intertwined with each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Wild
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander August
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Toh WH, Tan JZA, Zulkefli KL, Houghton FJ, Gleeson PA. Amyloid precursor protein traffics from the Golgi directly to early endosomes in an Arl5b- and AP4-dependent pathway. Traffic 2017; 18:159-175. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong Toh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Jing Zhi A. Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Khalisah L. Zulkefli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Fiona J. Houghton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Paul A. Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of adult neurode-generation and is characterised by progressive loss of cognitive function leading to death. The neuropathological hallmarks include extracellular amyloid plaque accumulation in affected regions of the brain, formation of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, chronic neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal biometal homeostasis. Of the latter, major changes in copper (Cu) levels and localisation have been identified in AD brain, with accumulation of Cu in amyloid deposits, together with deficiency of Cu in some brain regions. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide both have Cu binding sites, and interaction with Cu can lead to potentially neurotoxic outcomes through generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, AD patients have systemic changes to Cu metabolism, and altered Cu may also affect neuroinflammatory outcomes in AD. Although we still have much to learn about Cu homeostasis in AD patients and its role in disease aetiopathology, therapeutic approaches for regulating Cu levels and interactions with Cu-binding proteins in the brain are currently being developed. This review will examine how Cu is associated with pathological changes in the AD brain and how these may be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
60
|
Sumter TF, Xian L, Huso T, Koo M, Chang YT, Almasri TN, Chia L, Inglis C, Reid D, Resar LMS. The High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Transcriptome in Cancer and Development. Curr Mol Med 2016; 16:353-93. [PMID: 26980699 DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666160316152147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Chromatin structure is the single most important feature that distinguishes a cancer cell from a normal cell histologically. Chromatin remodeling proteins regulate chromatin structure and high mobility group A (HMGA1) proteins are among the most abundant, nonhistone chromatin remodeling proteins found in cancer cells. These proteins include HMGA1a/HMGA1b isoforms, which result from alternatively spliced mRNA. The HMGA1 gene is overexpressed in cancer and high levels portend a poor prognosis in diverse tumors. HMGA1 is also highly expressed during embryogenesis and postnatally in adult stem cells. Overexpression of HMGA1 drives neoplastic transformation in cultured cells, while inhibiting HMGA1 blocks oncogenic and cancer stem cell properties. Hmga1 transgenic mice succumb to aggressive tumors, demonstrating that dysregulated expression of HMGA1 causes cancer in vivo. HMGA1 is also required for reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. HMGA1 proteins function as ancillary transcription factors that bend chromatin and recruit other transcription factors to DNA. They induce oncogenic transformation by activating or repressing specific genes involved in this process and an HMGA1 "transcriptome" is emerging. Although prior studies reveal potent oncogenic properties of HMGA1, we are only beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms through which HMGA1 functions. In this review, we summarize the list of putative downstream transcriptional targets regulated by HMGA1. We also briefly discuss studies linking HMGA1 to Alzheimer's disease and type-2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Further elucidation of HMGA1 function should lead to novel therapeutic strategies for cancer and possibly for other diseases associated with aberrant HMGA1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L M S Resar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Room 1025, Baltimore, MD 21205-2109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Pandini G, Satriano C, Pietropaolo A, Gianì F, Travaglia A, La Mendola D, Nicoletti VG, Rizzarelli E. The Inorganic Side of NGF: Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Affect the NGF Mimicking Signaling of the N-Terminus Peptides Encompassing the Recognition Domain of TrkA Receptor. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:569. [PMID: 28090201 PMCID: PMC5201159 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nerve growth factor (NGF) N-terminus peptide, NGF(1–14), and its acetylated form, Ac-NGF(1–14), were investigated to scrutinize the ability of this neurotrophin domain to mimic the whole protein. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that non-covalent forces assist the molecular recognition of TrkA receptor by both peptides. Combined parallel tempering/docking simulations discriminated the effect of the N-terminal acetylation on the recognition of NGF(1–14) by the domain 5 of TrkA (TrkA-D5). Experimental findings demonstrated that both NGF(1–14) and Ac-NGF(1–14) activate TrkA signaling pathways essential for neuronal survival. The NGF-induced TrkA internalization was slightly inhibited in the presence of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, whereas the metal ions elicited the NGF(1–14)-induced internalization of TrkA and no significant differences were found in the weak Ac-NGF(1–14)-induced receptor internalization. The crucial role of the metals was confirmed by experiments with the metal-chelator bathocuproine disulfonic acid, which showed different inhibitory effects in the signaling cascade, due to different metal affinity of NGF, NGF(1–14) and Ac-NGF(1–14). The NGF signaling cascade, activated by the two peptides, induced CREB phosphorylation, but the copper addition further stimulated the Akt, ERK and CREB phosphorylation in the presence of NGF and NGF(1–14) only. A dynamic and quick influx of both peptides into PC12 cells was tracked by live cell imaging with confocal microscopy. A significant role of copper ions was found in the modulation of peptide sub-cellular localization, especially at the nuclear level. Furthermore, a strong copper ionophoric ability of NGF(1–14) was measured. The Ac-NGF(1–14) peptide, which binds copper ions with a lower stability constant than NGF(1–14), exhibited a lower nuclear localization with respect to the total cellular uptake. These findings were correlated to the metal-induced increase of CREB and BDNF expression caused by NGF(1–14) stimulation. In summary, we here validated NGF(1–14) and Ac-NGF(1–14) as first examples of monomer and linear peptides able to activate the NGF-TrkA signaling cascade. Metal ions modulated the activity of both NGF protein and the NGF-mimicking peptides. Such findings demonstrated that NGF(1–14) sequence can reproduce the signal transduction of whole protein, therefore representing a very promising drug candidate for further pre-clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pandini
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of CataniaCatania, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages - Catania, National Research CouncilCatania, Italy
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi BiologiciBari, Italy
| | | | - Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of CataniaCatania, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages - Catania, National Research CouncilCatania, Italy
| | | | - Diego La Mendola
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi BiologiciBari, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo G Nicoletti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi BiologiciBari, Italy; Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages - Catania, National Research CouncilCatania, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi BiologiciBari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Oh SH, Kim HN, Park HJ, Shin JY, Kim DY, Lee PH. The Cleavage Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Its Derived Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 on Extracellular α-Synuclein Aggregates in Parkinsonian Models. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:949-961. [PMID: 28297586 PMCID: PMC5442774 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence has suggested that extracellular α‐synuclein aggregates would play key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinsonian disorders (PDs). In the present study, we investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived soluble factors could exert neuroprotective effects via proteolysis of extracellular α‐synuclein. When preformed α‐synuclein aggregates were incubated with MSC‐conditioned medium, α‐synuclein aggregates were disassembled, and insoluble and oligomeric forms of α‐synuclein were markedly decreased, thus leading to a significant increase in neuronal viability. In an animal study, MSC or MSC‐conditioned medium treatment decreased the expression of α‐synuclein oligomers and the induction of pathogenic α‐synuclein with an attenuation of apoptotic cell death signaling. Furthermore, we identified that matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), a soluble factor derived from MSCs, played an important role in the degradation of extracellular α‐synuclein. Our data demonstrated that MSCs and their derived MMP‐2 exert neuroprotective properties through proteolysis of aggregated α‐synuclein in PD‐related microenvironments. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:949–961
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Oh
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Green KN, Johnston HM, Burnett ME, Brewer SM. Hybrid Antioxidant and Metal Sequestering Small Molecules Targeting the Molecular Features of Alzheimer’s Disease. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2016.1241616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
64
|
Rempe RG, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. Matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and blood-brain barrier: Versatile breakers and makers. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1481-507. [PMID: 27323783 PMCID: PMC5012524 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16655551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are versatile endopeptidases with many different functions in the body in health and disease. In the brain, matrix metalloproteinases are critical for tissue formation, neuronal network remodeling, and blood-brain barrier integrity. Many reviews have been published on matrix metalloproteinases before, most of which focus on the two best studied matrix metalloproteinases, the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their role in one or two diseases. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the role various matrix metalloproteinases play in brain disorders. We summarize and review current knowledge and understanding of matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and at the blood-brain barrier in neuroinflammation, multiple sclerosis, cerebral aneurysms, stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain cancer. We discuss the detrimental effects matrix metalloproteinases can have in these conditions, contributing to blood-brain barrier leakage, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, demyelination, tumor angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. We also discuss the beneficial role matrix metalloproteinases can play in neuroprotection and anti-inflammation. Finally, we address matrix metalloproteinases as potential therapeutic targets. Together, in this comprehensive review, we summarize current understanding and knowledge of matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and at the blood-brain barrier in brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf G Rempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
8-Hydroxyquinolines in medicinal chemistry: A structural perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:252-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
66
|
Copper dyshomoeostasis in Parkinson's disease: implications for pathogenesis and indications for novel therapeutics. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:565-74. [PMID: 26957644 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a biometal essential for normal brain development and function, thus copper deficiency or excess results in central nervous system disease. Well-characterized disorders of disrupted copper homoeostasis with neuronal degeneration include Menkes disease and Wilson's disease but a large body of evidence also implicates disrupted copper pathways in other neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and prion diseases. In this short review we critically evaluate the data regarding changes in systemic and brain copper levels in Parkinson's disease, where alterations in brain copper are associated with regional neuronal cell death and disease pathology. We review copper regulating mechanisms in the human brain and the effects of dysfunction within these systems. We then examine the evidence for a role for copper in pathogenic processes in Parkinson's disease and consider reports of diverse copper-modulating strategies in in vitro and in vivo models of this disorder. Copper-modulating therapies are currently advancing through clinical trials for Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease and may also hold promise as disease modifying agents in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
67
|
Letronne F, Laumet G, Ayral AM, Chapuis J, Demiautte F, Laga M, Vandenberghe ME, Malmanche N, Leroux F, Eysert F, Sottejeau Y, Chami L, Flaig A, Bauer C, Dourlen P, Lesaffre M, Delay C, Huot L, Dumont J, Werkmeister E, Lafont F, Mendes T, Hansmannel F, Dermaut B, Deprez B, Hérard AS, Dhenain M, Souedet N, Pasquier F, Tulasne D, Berr C, Hauw JJ, Lemoine Y, Amouyel P, Mann D, Déprez R, Checler F, Hot D, Delzescaux T, Gevaert K, Lambert JC. ADAM30 Downregulates APP-Linked Defects Through Cathepsin D Activation in Alzheimer's Disease. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:278-292. [PMID: 27333034 PMCID: PMC4972530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several ADAMs (A disintegrin-like and metalloproteases) have been shown to contribute to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, the full spectrum of metalloproteases involved in this metabolism remains to be established. Transcriptomic analyses centred on metalloprotease genes unraveled a 50% decrease in ADAM30 expression that inversely correlates with amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease brains. Accordingly, in vitro down- or up-regulation of ADAM30 expression triggered an increase/decrease in Aβ peptides levels whereas expression of a biologically inactive ADAM30 (ADAM30(mut)) did not affect Aβ secretion. Proteomics/cell-based experiments showed that ADAM30-dependent regulation of APP metabolism required both cathepsin D (CTSD) activation and APP sorting to lysosomes. Accordingly, in Alzheimer-like transgenic mice, neuronal ADAM30 over-expression lowered Aβ42 secretion in neuron primary cultures, soluble Aβ42 and amyloid plaque load levels in the brain and concomitantly enhanced CTSD activity and finally rescued long term potentiation alterations. Our data thus indicate that lowering ADAM30 expression may favor Aβ production, thereby contributing to Alzheimer's disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Letronne
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Ayral
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Florie Demiautte
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathias Laga
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel E Vandenberghe
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F5900 Lille, France
| | - Fanny Eysert
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Yoann Sottejeau
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Linda Chami
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Amandine Flaig
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Bauer
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Pierre Dourlen
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie Lesaffre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Delay
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Huot
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM 1019, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dumont
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F5900 Lille, France
| | | | | | - Tiago Mendes
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- INSERM, U954, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Nancy, Université Henri Poincaré 1, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bart Dermaut
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F5900 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Souedet
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1171, - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F-59000 Lille, France; CHR&U, Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claudine Berr
- INSERM, U1061, Université de Montpellier I, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Hauw
- APHP-Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Laboratory, la salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yves Lemoine
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM 1019, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; CHR&U, Lille, France
| | - David Mann
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Rebecca Déprez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F5900 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - David Hot
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM 1019, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, UMR 9199, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- INSERM, U1167, Laboratoire d'Excellence Distalz, F59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, F59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Guan Y, Li M, Dong K, Gao N, Ren J, Zheng Y, Qu X. Ceria/POMs hybrid nanoparticles as a mimicking metallopeptidase for treatment of neurotoxicity of amyloid-β peptide. Biomaterials 2016; 98:92-102. [PMID: 27179436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding to amyloid aggregates is the hallmark for neurodegenerative disease. While much attention has been paid to screen natural proteases that can degrade amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), it is difficult to apply them in the clinics with the intractable problem of immunogenicity in living organisms. Herein, we rationally designed an artificial nanozyme, Ceria/Polyoxometalates hybrid (CeONP@POMs) with both proteolytic and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Our results indicated that CeONP@POMs could efficiently degrade Aβ aggregates and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). More importantly, CeONP@POMD could not only promote PC12 cell proliferation and can cross blood-brain barrier (BBB), but also inhibit Aβ-induced BV2 microglial cell activation which was demonstrated by immunoluorescence assay and flow cytometry measurements. In vivo studies further indicated that CeONP@POMD as nanozyme possessed good biocompatibility, evidenced by a detailed study of their biodistribution, body weight change, and in vivo toxicology. Therefore, our results pave the way for design of multifunctional artificial nanozyme for treatment of neurotoxicity of amyloid-β peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Guan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1000039, China
| | - Meng Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Yongchen Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Liddell JR, Lehtonen S, Duncan C, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Levonen AL, Goldsteins G, Malm T, White AR, Koistinaho J, Kanninen KM. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate activates the Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:49. [PMID: 26920699 PMCID: PMC4768425 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous defense against oxidative stress is controlled by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The normal compensatory mechanisms to combat oxidative stress appear to be insufficient to protect against the prolonged exposure to reactive oxygen species during disease. Counterbalancing the effects of oxidative stress by up-regulation of Nrf2 signaling has been shown to be effective in various disease models where oxidative stress is implicated, including Alzheimer’s disease. Stimulation of Nrf2 signaling by small-molecule activators is an appealing strategy to up-regulate the endogenous defense mechanisms of cells. Methods Here, we investigate Nrf2 induction by the metal chelator and known nuclear factor-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in cultured astrocytes and neurons, and mouse brain. Nrf2 induction is further examined in cultures co-treated with PDTC and kinase inhibitors or amyloid-beta, and in Nrf2-deficient cultures. Results We show that PDTC is a potent inducer of Nrf2 signaling specifically in astrocytes and demonstrate the critical role of Nrf2 in PDTC-mediated protection against oxidative stress. This induction appears to be regulated by both Keap1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Furthermore, the presence of amyloid-beta magnifies PDTC-mediated induction of endogenous protective mechanisms, therefore suggesting that PDTC may be an effective Nrf2 inducer in the context of Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, we show that PDTC increases brain copper content and glial expression of heme oxygenase-1, and decreases lipid peroxidation in vivo, promoting a more antioxidative environment. Conclusions PDTC activates Nrf2 and its antioxidative targets in astrocytes but not neurons. These effects may contribute to the neuroprotection observed for PDTC in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0515-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sarka Lehtonen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Velta Keksa-Goldsteine
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Gundars Goldsteins
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tarja Malm
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Torres JB, Andreozzi EM, Dunn JT, Siddique M, Szanda I, Howlett DR, Sunassee K, Blowera PJ. PET Imaging of Copper Trafficking in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:109-14. [PMID: 26449834 PMCID: PMC6207347 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.162370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alzheimer disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. The lack of reliable and objective diagnostic markers for AD hampers early disease detection and treatment. Growing evidence supports the existence of a dysregulation in brain copper trafficking in AD. The aim of this study was to investigate brain copper trafficking in a transgenic mouse model of AD by PET imaging with (64)Cu, to determine its potential as a diagnostic biomarker of the disorder. METHODS Brain copper trafficking was evaluated in 6- to 8-mo-old TASTPM transgenic mice and age-matched wild-type controls using the (64)Cu bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex (64)Cu-GTSM (glyoxalbis(N(4)-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazonato) copper(II)), which crosses the blood-brain barrier and releases (64)Cu bioreductively into cells. Animals were intravenously injected with (64)Cu-GTSM and imaged at 0-30 min and 24-25 h after injection. The images were analyzed by atlas-based quantification and texture analysis. Regional distribution of (64)Cu in the brain 24 h after injection was also evaluated via ex vivo autoradiography and compared with amyloid-β plaque deposition in TASTPM mice. RESULTS Compared with controls, in TASTPM mice PET image analysis demonstrated significantly increased (by a factor of ~1.3) brain concentration of (64)Cu at 30 min (P < 0.01) and 24 h (P < 0.05) after injection of the tracer and faster (by a factor of ~5) (64)Cu clearance from the brain (P < 0.01). Atlas-based quantification and texture analysis revealed significant differences in regional brain uptake of (64)Cu and PET image heterogeneity between the 2 groups of mice. Ex vivo autoradiography showed that regional brain distribution of (64)Cu at 24 h after injection did not correlate with amyloid-β plaque distribution in TASTPM mice. CONCLUSION The trafficking of (64)Cu in the brain after administration of (64)Cu-GTSM is significantly altered by AD-like pathology in the TASTPM mouse model, suggesting that (64)Cu-GTSM PET imaging warrants clinical evaluation as a diagnostic tool for AD and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baguña Torres
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Erica M. Andreozzi
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joel T. Dunn
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Muhammad Siddique
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Istvan Szanda
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - David R. Howlett
- King’s College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Hodgkin Building, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kavitha Sunassee
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip J. Blowera
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Portbury SD, Yévenes LF, Adlard PA. Novel zinc-targeted therapeutic options for cognitive decline. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) is an essential metal in the brain, having critical roles in many proteins and cellular pathways, including synaptic plasticity and the normal functioning of long-term potentiation, the in vitro correlate of learning and memory. Importantly, several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, show alterations in Zn2+ metabolism that may be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Therefore, the modulation of Zn2+ levels and/or distribution may prove an important target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to evaluate the current efforts directed at therapeutic Zn2+ modulation as it relates to disease-associated cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Portbury
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Luz Fernanda Yévenes
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Cho-Clark M, Larco DO, Zahn BR, Mani SK, Wu TJ. GnRH-(1-5) activates matrix metallopeptidase-9 to release epidermal growth factor and promote cellular invasion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 415:114-25. [PMID: 26277400 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the extracellular space, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is metabolized by the zinc metalloendopeptidase EC3.4.24.15 (EP24.15) to form the pentapeptide, GnRH-(1-5). GnRH-(1-5) diverges in function and mechanism of action from GnRH in the brain and periphery. GnRH-(1-5) acts on the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 101 (GPR101) to sequentially stimulate epidermal growth factor (EGF) release, phosphorylate the EGF receptor (EGFR), and facilitate cellular migration. These GnRH-(1-5) actions are dependent on matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) activity. Here, we demonstrated that these GnRH-(1-5) effects are dependent on increased MMP-9 enzymatic activity in the Ishikawa and ECC-1 cell lines. Furthermore, the effects of GnRH-(1-5) mediated by GPR101 and the subsequent increase in MMP-9 enzymatic activity lead to an increase in cellular invasion. These results suggest that GnRH-(1-5) and GPR101 regulation of MMP-9 may have physiological relevance in the metastatic potential of endometrial cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine Cho-Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Darwin O Larco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Brian R Zahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Shaila K Mani
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T John Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Friends or Foes: Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Multifaceted Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:620581. [PMID: 26538832 PMCID: PMC4619970 DOI: 10.1155/2015/620581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a chronic progressive loss of neuronal cells leading to deterioration of central nervous system (CNS) functionality. It has been shown that neuroinflammation precedes neurodegeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a protein family of zinc-containing endopeptidases, are essential in (neuro)inflammation and might be involved in neurodegeneration. Although MMPs are indispensable for physiological development and functioning of the organism, they are often referred to as double-edged swords due to their ability to also inflict substantial damage in various pathological conditions. MMP activity is strictly controlled, and its dysregulation leads to a variety of pathologies. Investigation of their potential use as therapeutic targets requires a better understanding of their contributions to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review MMPs and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). We also discuss MMP inhibition as a possible therapeutic strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
74
|
Panmanee J, Nopparat C, Chavanich N, Shukla M, Mukda S, Song W, Vincent B, Govitrapong P. Melatonin regulates the transcription of βAPP-cleaving secretases mediated through melatonin receptors in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:308-20. [PMID: 26123100 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in the control of various physiological functions, such as sleep, cell growth and free radical scavenging. The ability of melatonin to behave as an antioxidant, together with the fact that the Alzheimer-related amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) triggers oxidative stress through hydroxyl radical-induced cell death, suggests that melatonin could reduce Alzheimer's pathology. Although the exact etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains to be established, excess Aβ is believed to be the primary contributor to the dysfunction and degeneration of neurons that occurs in AD. Aβ peptides are produced via the sequential cleavage of β-secretase β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase (PS1/PS2), while α-secretase (ADAM10) prevents the production of Aβ peptides. We hypothesized that melatonin could inhibit BACE1 and PS1/PS2 and enhance ADAM10 expression. Using the human neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line, we found that melatonin inhibited BACE1 and PS1 and activated ADAM10 mRNA level and protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner and mediated via melatonin G protein-coupled receptors. Melatonin inhibits BACE1 and PS1 protein expressions through the attenuation of nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation (pNF-κB). Moreover, melatonin reduced BACE1 promoter transactivation and consequently downregulated β-secretase catalytic activity. The present data show that melatonin is not only a potential regulator of β/γ-secretase but also an activator of α-secretase expression through the activation of protein kinase C, thereby favoring the nonamyloidogenic pathway over the amyloidogenic pathway. Altogether, our findings suggest that melatonin may be a potential therapeutic agent for reducing the risk of AD in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Panmanee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Napapit Chavanich
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Mayuri Shukla
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Liddell JR. Targeting mitochondrial metal dyshomeostasis for the treatment of neurodegeneration. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2015; 5:345-64. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.15.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment and metal dyshomeostasis are suggested to be associated with many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Friedreich's ataxia. Treatments aimed at restoring metal homeostasis are highly effective in models of these diseases, and clinical trials hold promise. However, in general, the effect of these treatments on mitochondrial metal homeostasis is unclear, and the contribution of mitochondrial metal dyshomeostasis to disease pathogenesis requires further investigation. This review describes the role of metals in mitochondria in health, how mitochondrial metals are disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases, and potential therapeutics aimed at restoring mitochondrial metal homeostasis and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Terni B, Ferrer I. Abnormal Expression and Distribution of MMP2 at Initial Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 46:461-9. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-142460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Terni
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBERNED, Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Helsel ME, Franz KJ. Pharmacological activity of metal binding agents that alter copper bioavailability. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8760-70. [PMID: 25797044 PMCID: PMC4425619 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Iron, copper and zinc are required nutrients for many organisms but also potent toxins if misappropriated. An overload of any of these metals can be cytotoxic and ultimately lead to organ failure, whereas deficiencies can result in anemia, weakened immune system function, and other medical conditions. Cellular metal imbalances have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and infection. It is therefore critical for living organisms to maintain careful control of both the total levels and subcellular distributions of these metals to maintain healthy function. This perspective explores several strategies envisioned to alter the bioavailability of metal ions by using synthetic metal-binding agents targeted for diseases where misappropriated metal ions are suspected of exacerbating cellular damage. Specifically, we discuss chemical properties that influence the pharmacological outcome of a subset of metal-binding agents known as ionophores, and review several examples that have shown multiple pharmacological activities in metal-related diseases, with a specific focus on copper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian E Helsel
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, 22708, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
|
79
|
MRZ-99030 – A novel modulator of Aβ aggregation: II – Reversal of Aβ oligomer-induced deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) and cognitive performance in rats and mice. Neuropharmacology 2015; 92:170-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
80
|
Bauereiss A, Welzel O, Jung J, Grosse-Holz S, Lelental N, Lewczuk P, Wenzel EM, Kornhuber J, Groemer TW. Surface Trafficking of APP and BACE in Live Cells. Traffic 2015; 16:655-75. [PMID: 25712587 PMCID: PMC6680167 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid‐β (Aβ)‐peptide, the major constituent of the plaques that develop during Alzheimer's disease, is generated via the cleavage of Aβ precursor protein (APP) by β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme (BACE). Using live‐cell imaging of APP and BACE labeled with pH‐sensitive proteins, we could detect the release events of APP and BACE and their distinct kinetics. We provide kinetic evidence for the cleavage of APP by α‐secretase on the cellular surface after exocytosis. Furthermore, simultaneous dual‐color evanescent field illumination revealed that the two proteins are trafficked to the surface in separate compartments. Perturbing the membrane lipid composition resulted in a reduced frequency of exocytosis and affected BACE more strongly than APP. We propose that surface fusion frequency is a key factor regulating the aggregation of APP and BACE in the same membrane compartment and that this process can be modulated via pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bauereiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Welzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Jung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Grosse-Holz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalia Lelental
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva M Wenzel
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teja W Groemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Stabilization of nontoxic Aβ-oligomers: insights into the mechanism of action of hydroxyquinolines in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2015; 35:2871-84. [PMID: 25698727 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2912-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, formation of diffusible, oligomeric forms of Aβ, both on and off pathways to amyloid fibrils, is thought to include neurotoxic species responsible for synaptic loss and neurodegeneration, rather than polymeric amyloid aggregates. The 8-hydroxyquinolines (8-HQ) clioquinol (CQ) and PBT2 were developed for their ability to inhibit metal-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species from Aβ:Cu complexes and have both undergone preclinical and Phase II clinical development for the treatment of AD. Their respective modes of action are not fully understood and may include both inhibition of Aβ fibrillar polymerization and direct depolymerization of existing Aβ fibrils. In the present study, we find that CQ and PBT2 can interact directly with Aβ and affect its propensity to aggregate. Using a combination of biophysical techniques, we demonstrate that, in the presence of these 8-HQs and in the absence of metal ions, Aβ associates with two 8-HQ molecules and forms a dimer. Furthermore, 8-HQ bind Aβ with an affinity of 1-10 μm and suppress the formation of large (>30 kDa) oligomers. The stabilized low molecular weight species are nontoxic. Treatment with 8-HQs also reduces the levels of in vivo soluble oligomers in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Aβ toxicity. We propose that 8-HQs possess an additional mechanism of action that neutralizes neurotoxic Aβ oligomer formation through stabilization of small (dimeric) nontoxic Aβ conformers.
Collapse
|
82
|
Peng M, Jia J, Qin W. Plasma gelsolin and matrix metalloproteinase 3 as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. Neurosci Lett 2015; 595:116-21. [PMID: 25864780 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin (GSN) levels and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) activity have been found to be altered in the plasma in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of this study was to determine whether a combination of these proteins with clinical data is specific and sensitive enough for AD diagnosis. In 113 non-demented controls and 113 patients with probable AD, the plasma GSN levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the plasma MMP3 activity was determined using casein zymography. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of these proteins combined with clinical data. Compared with the controls, the AD patients had significantly lower GSN levels and significantly higher MMP3 activity. Moreover, both the GSN level and MMP3 activity were significantly correlated with the MMSE scores. In AD patients, the GSN level was negatively correlated with MMP3 activity. ROC curve analysis showed that the specificity and sensitivity were 77% and 75.2%, respectively, for the combination of the following candidate biomarkers: GSN level/the total amount of Aβ42 and Aβ40, plasma MMP3 activity and clinical data. With its relatively high sensitivity and specificity, this combined biomarker panel may have potential for the screening of AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, China; Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, China; Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, China; Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Grasso G, Bonnet S. Metal complexes and metalloproteases: targeting conformational diseases. Metallomics 2015; 6:1346-57. [PMID: 24870829 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years many metalloproteases (MPs) have been shown to play important roles in the development of various pathological conditions. Although most of the literature is focused on matrix MPs (MMPs), many other MPs have been demonstrated to be involved in the degradation of peptides or proteins whose accumulation and dyshomeostasis are considered as being responsible for the development of conformational diseases, i.e., diseases where non-native protein conformations lead to protein aggregation. It seems clear that, at least in principle, it must be possible to control the levels of many aggregation-prone proteins not only by reducing their production, but also by enhancing their catabolism. Metal complexes that can perform this function were designed and tested according to at least two different strategies: (i) intervening on the endogenous MPs by directly or indirectly modulating their activity; (ii) acting as artificial MPs, replacing or synergistically functioning with endogenous MPs. These two different bioinorganic approaches are widely represented in the current literature and the aim of this review is to rationally organize and discuss both of them so as to give a critical insight into these approaches and highlighting their limitations and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Chemistry Department, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Johanssen T, Suphantarida N, Donnelly PS, Liu XM, Petrou S, Hill AF, Barnham KJ. PBT2 inhibits glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in neurons through metal-mediated preconditioning. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 81:176-85. [PMID: 25697105 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is the pathological process by which neuronal death occurs as a result of excessive stimulation of receptors at the excitatory synapse such as the NMDA receptor (NMDAR). Excitotoxicity has been implicated in the acute neurological damage from ischemia and traumatic brain injury and in the chronic neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD). As a result NMDAR antagonists have become an attractive therapeutic strategy for the potential treatment of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However NMDAR signaling is dichotomous in nature, with excessive increases in neuronal intracellular calcium through excessive NMDAR activity being lethal but moderate increases to intracellular calcium levels during normal synaptic function providing neuroprotection. Subsequently indiscriminant inhibition of this receptor is best avoided as was concluded from previous clinical trials of NMDAR antagonists. We show that the metal chaperone, PBT2, currently in clinical trials for HD, is able to protect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity mediated through NMDARs. This was achieved by PBT2 inducing Zn(2+)-dependent increases in intracellular Ca(2+) levels resulting in preconditioning of neurons and inhibition of Ca(2+)-induced neurotoxic signaling cascade involving calpain-activated cleavage of calcineurin. Our study demonstrates that modulating intracellular Ca(2+) levels by a zinc ionophore is a valid therapeutic strategy to protect against the effects of excitotoxicity thought to underlie both acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Johanssen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Nuttawat Suphantarida
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Xiang M Liu
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Scala F, Fusco S, Ripoli C, Piacentini R, Li Puma DD, Spinelli M, Laezza F, Grassi C, D'Ascenzo M. Intraneuronal Aβ accumulation induces hippocampal neuron hyperexcitability through A-type K(+) current inhibition mediated by activation of caspases and GSK-3. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:886-900. [PMID: 25541422 PMCID: PMC4801354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) pathologies have been linked to dysfunction of excitability in neurons of the hippocampal circuit, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly understood. Here, we applied whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology to primary hippocampal neurons and show that intracellular Aβ42 delivery leads to increased spike discharge and action potential broadening through downregulation of A-type K(+) currents. Pharmacologic studies showed that caspases and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activation are required for these Aβ42-induced effects. Extracellular perfusion and subsequent internalization of Aβ42 increase spike discharge and promote GSK-3-dependent phosphorylation of the Kv4.2 α-subunit, a molecular determinant of A-type K(+) currents, at Ser-616. In acute hippocampal slices derived from an adult triple-transgenic Alzheimer's mouse model, characterized by endogenous intracellular accumulation of Aβ42, CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibit hyperexcitability accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Kv4.2 at Ser-616. Collectively, these data suggest that intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation leads to an intracellular cascade culminating into caspases activation and GSK-3-dependent phosphorylation of Kv4.2 channels. These findings provide new insights into the toxic mechanisms triggered by intracellular Aβ42 and offer potentially new therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Scala
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Spinelli
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello D'Ascenzo
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Three-dimensional endothelial cell morphogenesis under controlled ion release from copper-doped phosphate glass. J Control Release 2015; 200:222-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
87
|
Harris CJ, Voss K, Murchison C, Ralle M, Frahler K, Carter R, Rhoads A, Lind B, Robinson E, Quinn JF. Oral zinc reduces amyloid burden in Tg2576 mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 41:179-92. [PMID: 24595193 DOI: 10.3233/jad-131703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease can be affected by free transition metals such as copper and zinc in the brain. Addition of copper and zinc with amyloid acts to increase aggregation and copper additionally promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species. We propose that reduction of brain copper by blocking uptake of copper from the diet is a viable strategy to regulate the formation of insoluble amyloid-β in the brain of Tg2576 mice. Mice were treated with regimens of zinc acetate, which acts with metallothionein to block copper uptake in the gut, at various times along their lifespan to model prevention and treatment paradigms. We found that the mice tolerated zinc acetate well over the six month course of study. While we did not observe significant changes in cognition and behavior, there was a reduction in insoluble amyloid-β in the brain. This observation coincided with a reduction in brain copper and interestingly no change in brain zinc. Our findings show that blocking copper uptake from the diet can redistribute copper from the brain and reduce amyloid-β aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Harris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kellen Voss
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles Murchison
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kate Frahler
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Raina Carter
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Allison Rhoads
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Betty Lind
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emily Robinson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Verwilst P, Sunwoo K, Kim JS. The role of copper ions in pathophysiology and fluorescent sensors for the detection thereof. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5556-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper ions are crucial to life, and some fundamental roles of copper in pathophysiology have been elucidated using fluorescent sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Verwilst
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Univesity
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Kyoung Sunwoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Univesity
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Univesity
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Lu X, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Lu X, Wang Y, Liu C. Copper ion-induced fluorescence band shift of CdTe quantum dots: a highly specific strategy for visual detection of Cu2+ with a portable UV lamp. Analyst 2015; 140:7859-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01963j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visual detection of Cu2+ is realized based on a copper-induced fluorescence band shift rather than an intensity change of CdTe QDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Jinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Yucong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
- Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Kauwe JSK, Bailey MH, Ridge PG, Perry R, Wadsworth ME, Hoyt KL, Staley LA, Karch CM, Harari O, Cruchaga C, Ainscough BJ, Bales K, Pickering EH, Bertelsen S, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Goate AM. Genome-wide association study of CSF levels of 59 alzheimer's disease candidate proteins: significant associations with proteins involved in amyloid processing and inflammation. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004758. [PMID: 25340798 PMCID: PMC4207667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 42 amino acid species of amyloid beta (Aβ42) and tau levels are strongly correlated with the presence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology including amyloid plaques and neurodegeneration and have been successfully used as endophenotypes for genetic studies of AD. Additional CSF analytes may also serve as useful endophenotypes that capture other aspects of AD pathophysiology. Here we have conducted a genome-wide association study of CSF levels of 59 AD-related analytes. All analytes were measured using the Rules Based Medicine Human DiscoveryMAP Panel, which includes analytes relevant to several disease-related processes. Data from two independently collected and measured datasets, the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), were analyzed separately, and combined results were obtained using meta-analysis. We identified genetic associations with CSF levels of 5 proteins (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4), Interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) and Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3)) with study-wide significant p-values (p<1.46×10−10) and significant, consistent evidence for association in both the Knight ADRC and the ADNI samples. These proteins are involved in amyloid processing and pro-inflammatory signaling. SNPs associated with ACE, IL6R and MMP3 protein levels are located within the coding regions of the corresponding structural gene. The SNPs associated with CSF levels of CCL4 and CCL2 are located in known chemokine binding proteins. The genetic associations reported here are novel and suggest mechanisms for genetic control of CSF and plasma levels of these disease-related proteins. Significant SNPs in ACE and MMP3 also showed association with AD risk. Our findings suggest that these proteins/pathways may be valuable therapeutic targets for AD. Robust associations in cognitively normal individuals suggest that these SNPs also influence regulation of these proteins more generally and may therefore be relevant to other diseases. The use of quantitative endophenotypes from cerebrospinal fluid has led to the identification of several genetic variants that alter risk or rate of progression of Alzheimer's disease. Here we have analyzed the levels of 58 disease-related proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid for association with millions of variants across the human genome. We have identified significant, replicable associations with 5 analytes, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, Interleukin 6 receptor and Matrix metalloproteinase-3. Our results suggest that these variants play a regulatory role in the respective protein levels and are relevant to the inflammatory and amyloid processing pathways. Variants in associated with ACE and those associated with MMP3 levels also show association with risk for Alzheimer's disease in the expected directions. These associations are consistent in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma and in samples with only cognitively normal individuals suggesting that they are relevant in the regulation of these protein levels beyond the context of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S. K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Bailey
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Perry G. Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rachel Perry
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn L. Hoyt
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lyndsay A. Staley
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Ainscough
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kelly Bales
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Eve H. Pickering
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Anne M. Fagan
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John C. Morris
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Abstract
Copper is an essential element in many biological processes. The critical functions associated with copper have resulted from evolutionary harnessing of its potent redox activity. This same property also places copper in a unique role as a key modulator of cell signal transduction pathways. These pathways are the complex sequence of molecular interactions that drive all cellular mechanisms and are often associated with the interplay of key enzymes including kinases and phosphatases but also including intracellular changes in pools of smaller molecules. A growing body of evidence is beginning to delineate the how, when and where of copper-mediated control over cell signal transduction. This has been driven by research demonstrating critical changes to copper homeostasis in many disorders including cancer and neurodegeneration and therapeutic potential through control of disease-associated cell signalling changes by modulation of copper-protein interactions. This timely review brings together for the first time the diverse actions of copper as a key regulator of cell signalling pathways and discusses the potential strategies for controlling disease-associated signalling processes using copper modulators. It is hoped that this review will provide a valuable insight into copper as a key signal regulator and stimulate further research to promote our understanding of copper in disease and therapy.
Collapse
|
92
|
Scheiber IF, Mercer JF, Dringen R. Metabolism and functions of copper in brain. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 116:33-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
93
|
Gomes LMF, Vieira RP, Jones MR, Wang MCP, Dyrager C, Souza-Fagundes EM, Da Silva JG, Storr T, Beraldo H. 8-Hydroxyquinoline Schiff-base compounds as antioxidants and modulators of copper-mediated Aβ peptide aggregation. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 139:106-16. [PMID: 25019963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the brain are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and metal ions such as copper(II) and zinc(II) have been shown to play a role in the aggregation and toxicity of the Aβ peptide, the major constituent of these extracellular aggregates. Metal binding agents can promote the disaggregation of Aβ plaques, and have shown promise as AD therapeutics. Herein, we describe the syntheses and characterization of an acetohydrazone (8-H2QH), a thiosemicarbazone (8-H2QT), and a semicarbazone (8-H2QS) derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline. The three compounds are shown to be neutral at pH7.4, and are potent antioxidants as measured by a Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay. The ligands form complexes with Cu(II), 8-H2QT in a 1:1 metal:ligand ratio, and 8-H2QH and 8-H2QS in a 1:2 metal:ligand ratio. A preliminary aggregation inhibition assay using the Aβ1-40 peptide showed that 8-H2QS and 8-H2QH inhibit peptide aggregation in the presence of Cu(II). Native gel electrophoresis/Western blot and TEM images were obtained to give a more detailed picture of the extent and pathways of Aβ aggregation using the more neurotoxic Aβ1-42 in the presence and absence of Cu(II), 8-H2QH, 8-H2QS and the drug candidate PBT2. An increase in the formation of oligomeric species is evident in the presence of Cu(II). However, in the presence of ligands and Cu(II), the results match those for the peptide alone, suggesting that the ligands function by sequestering Cu(II) and limiting oligomer formation in this assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M F Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rafael P Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael C P Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Elaine M Souza-Fagundes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeferson G Da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Heloisa Beraldo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Deng Y, Xiong Z, Chen P, Wei J, Chen S, Yan Z. β-amyloid impairs the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by glycogen synthase kinase 3. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:449-59. [PMID: 24094580 PMCID: PMC7034321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional kinase implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the synaptic actions of GSK-3 in AD conditions are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the impact of GSK-3 on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channels, the major mediator of synaptic plasticity. Application of GSK-3 inhibitors or knockdown of GSK-3 caused a significant reduction of NMDAR-mediated ionic and synaptic current in cortical neurons, whereas this effect of GSK-3 was impaired in cortical neurons treated with β-amyloid (Aβ) or from transgenic mice overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein. GSK-3 activity was elevated by Aβ, and GSK-3 inhibitors failed to decrease the surface expression of NMDA receptor NR1 (NR1) and NR1/postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) interaction in amyloid precursor protein mice, which was associated with the diminished GSK-3 regulation of Rab5 activity that mediates NMDAR internalization. Consequently, GSK-3 inhibitor lost the capability of protecting neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity in Aβ-treated neurons. These results have provided a novel mechanism underlying the involvement of GSK-3 in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Deng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Bica L, Liddell JR, Donnelly PS, Duncan C, Caragounis A, Volitakis I, Paterson BM, Cappai R, Grubman A, Camakaris J, Crouch PJ, White AR. Neuroprotective copper bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes promote neurite elongation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90070. [PMID: 24587210 PMCID: PMC3938583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal biometal homeostasis is a central feature of many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and motor neuron disease. Recent studies have shown that metal complexing compounds behaving as ionophores such as clioquinol and PBT2 have robust therapeutic activity in animal models of neurodegenerative disease; however, the mechanism of neuroprotective action remains unclear. These neuroprotective or neurogenerative processes may be related to the delivery or redistribution of biometals, such as copper and zinc, by metal ionophores. To investigate this further, we examined the effect of the bis(thiosemicarbazonato)-copper complex, Cu(II)(gtsm) on neuritogenesis and neurite elongation (neurogenerative outcomes) in PC12 neuronal-related cultures. We found that Cu(II)(gtsm) induced robust neurite elongation in PC12 cells when delivered at concentrations of 25 or 50 nM overnight. Analogous effects were observed with an alternative copper bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complex, Cu(II)(atsm), but at a higher concentration. Induction of neurite elongation by Cu(II)(gtsm) was restricted to neurites within the length range of 75-99 µm with a 2.3-fold increase in numbers of neurites in this length range with 50 nM Cu(II)(gtsm) treatment. The mechanism of neurogenerative action was investigated and revealed that Cu(II)(gtsm) inhibited cellular phosphatase activity. Treatment of cultures with 5 nM FK506 (calcineurin phosphatase inhibitor) resulted in analogous elongation of neurites compared to 50 nM Cu(II)(gtsm), suggesting a potential link between Cu(II)(gtsm)-mediated phosphatase inhibition and neurogenerative outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bica
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R. Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aphrodite Caragounis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Volitakis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Camakaris
- Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony R. White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Kenneth NS, Hucks GE, Kocab AJ, McCollom AL, Duckett CS. Copper is a potent inhibitor of both the canonical and non-canonical NFκB pathways. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1006-14. [PMID: 24552822 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element that plays key roles in many metabolic processes. Homeostatic regulation of intracellular copper is normally tightly controlled, but deregulated copper levels are found in numerous metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in a range of neoplasms. There are conflicting reports regarding the exact role of copper in the regulation of NFκB-responsive genes, specifically whether copper leads to increased activation of the NFκB pathways, or downregulation. Here we show that increased intracellular levels of copper, using the ionophore clioquinol, leads to a potent inhibition of NFκB pathways, induced by multiple distinct stimuli. Addition of copper to cells inhibits ubiquitin-mediated degradation of IκBα by preventing its phoshorylation by the upstream IKK complex. Intriguingly, copper-dependent inhibition of NFκB can be reversed by the addition of the reducing agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). These results suggest that the oxidative properties of excess copper prevent NFκB activation by blocking IκBα destruction, and that NFκB activity should be assessed in diseases associated with copper excess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall S Kenneth
- Department of Pathology; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA; Translational Oncology Program; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - George E Hucks
- Translational Oncology Program; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA; Department of Pediatrics; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Andrew J Kocab
- Department of Pathology; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA; Translational Oncology Program; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA; Graduate Program in Immunology; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Annie L McCollom
- Department of Pathology; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA; Translational Oncology Program; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Colin S Duckett
- Department of Pathology; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA; Translational Oncology Program; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA; Department of Internal Medicine; The University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Mot AI, Wedd AG, Sinclair L, Brown DR, Collins SJ, Brazier MW. Metal attenuating therapies in neurodegenerative disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 11:1717-45. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
98
|
Quinn JF, Crane S, Harris C, Wadsworth TL. Copper in Alzheimer’s disease: too much or too little? Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:631-7. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
99
|
Morawski M, Filippov M, Tzinia A, Tsilibary E, Vargova L. ECM in brain aging and dementia. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 214:207-27. [PMID: 25410360 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An essential component of the brain extracellular space is the extracellular matrix contributing to the spatial assembly of cells by binding cell-surface adhesion molecules, supporting cell migration, differentiation, and tissue development. The most interesting and complex functions of the central nervous system are the abilities to encode new information (learning) and to store this information (memory). The creation of perineuronal nets, consisting mostly of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, stabilizes the synapses and memory trails and forms protective shields against neurodegenerative processes but terminates plasticity and the potential for recovery of the tissue. Age-related changes in the extracellular matrix composition and the extracellular space volume and permissivity are major determinants of the onset and development of the most common neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, involved in amyloid clearance from the brain, play an important role in Alzheimer's disease and other types of neurodegeneration. Additional key players in the modification of the extracellular matrix are matrix metalloproteinases. Recent studies show that the extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinases are important regulators of plasticity, learning, and memory and might be involved in different neurological disorders like epilepsy, schizophrenia, addiction, and dementia. The identification of molecules and mechanisms that modulate these processes is crucial for the understanding of brain function and dysfunction and for the design of new therapeutic approaches targeting the molecular mechanism underlying these neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Morawski
- University of Leipzig, EU-ESF Transnational Junior Research Group "MESCAMP", Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mikhail Filippov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Athina Tzinia
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Biosciences and Applications, Athens, Greece
| | - Effie Tsilibary
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Biosciences and Applications, Athens, Greece
| | - Lydia Vargova
- Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, v.v.i., Department of Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Grimm MOW, Mett J, Stahlmann CP, Haupenthal VJ, Zimmer VC, Hartmann T. Neprilysin and Aβ Clearance: Impact of the APP Intracellular Domain in NEP Regulation and Implications in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:98. [PMID: 24391587 PMCID: PMC3870290 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) leading to plaque formation and toxic oligomeric Aβ complexes. Besides the de novo synthesis of Aβ caused by amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), Aβ levels are also highly dependent on Aβ degradation. Several enzymes are described to cleave Aβ. In this review we focus on one of the most prominent Aβ degrading enzymes, the zinc-metalloprotease Neprilysin (NEP). In the first part of the review we discuss beside the general role of NEP in Aβ degradation the alterations of the enzyme observed during normal aging and the progression of AD. In vivo and cell culture experiments reveal that a decreased NEP level results in an increased Aβ level and vice versa. In a pathological situation like AD, it has been reported that NEP levels and activity are decreased and it has been suggested that certain polymorphisms in the NEP gene result in an increased risk for AD. Conversely, increasing NEP activity in AD mouse models revealed an improvement in some behavioral tests. Therefore it has been suggested that increasing NEP might be an interesting potential target to treat or to be protective for AD making it indispensable to understand the regulation of NEP. Interestingly, it is discussed that the APP intracellular domain (AICD), one of the cleavage products of APP processing, which has high similarities to Notch receptor processing, might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of NEP. However, the mechanisms of NEP regulation by AICD, which might be helpful to develop new therapeutic strategies, are up to now controversially discussed and summarized in the second part of this review. In addition, we review the impact of AICD not only in the transcriptional regulation of NEP but also of further genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O W Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University , Homburg, Saar , Germany ; Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University , Homburg, Saar , Germany ; Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University , Homburg, Saar , Germany
| | - Janine Mett
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University , Homburg, Saar , Germany
| | | | | | - Valerie C Zimmer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University , Homburg, Saar , Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University , Homburg, Saar , Germany ; Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University , Homburg, Saar , Germany ; Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University , Homburg, Saar , Germany
| |
Collapse
|