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Cullen JA, Marshall CD, Hala D. Integration of multi-tissue PAH and PCB burdens with biomarker activity in three coastal shark species from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1158-1172. [PMID: 30308804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-based burdens of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were integrated with ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity in bull (Carcharhinus leucas), blacktip (Carcharhinus limbatus), and bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) sharks from Galveston Bay, TX. The potential toxicity of these burdens was evaluated by calculation of toxic equivalents (TEQs). Concentrations of total PAHs (∑PAHs) were significantly greater in blacktip and bonnethead sharks than bull sharks in liver, but did not exhibit differences in muscle among species. Hepatic concentrations of ∑PAHs in these sharks (range of means: 1560-2200 ng/g wet wt.) were greater than concentrations previously reported in oysters from Galveston Bay (range of means: 134-333 ng/g dry wt.), which suggests that trophic dilution of PAHs may not be reflected in sharks. Total PCBs (∑PCBs) were significantly greatest in bull sharks and lowest in bonnetheads, while blacktips were intermediate to these species. EROD activity was greater in bonnetheads than the other species, whereas GST activity was significantly higher in blacktips and bonnetheads than in bull sharks. Integration of hepatic burdens with biomarker activity via constrained multivariate analysis found correlations for only a small number of individual PAH/PCB congeners. Hepatic TEQ measurements suggest potential physiological effects of these burdens compared to established TEQ thresholds for other taxa, although the likelihood of similar effects in sharks requires further study and the inclusion of toxic endpoints. Our findings indicate that sharks may be prone to the accumulation of PAHs and PCBs, which may result in negative health outcomes for these cartilaginous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Cullen
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Christopher D Marshall
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - David Hala
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA.
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Vogt T, Pieters R, Giesy J, Newman BK. Biological toxicity estimates show involvement of a wider range of toxic compounds in sediments from Durban, South Africa than indicated from instrumental analyses. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:49-57. [PMID: 30660298 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxic equivalences (TEQs) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from sediment of aquatic systems in Durban, South Africa were determined in two ways: 1) TEQs of PAHs and PCBs were determined by instrumental analyses and converted to 2,3,7,8‑tetrachlorodibenzo‑para‑dioxin equivalence (TCDDeq). 2) Bioassay equivalences (BEQs) of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands were analysed using the H4IIE-luc bioassay. TEQs of PCBs ranged from below limit of detection (<LOD) to 57 pg TCDDeq·g-1 while PAHs ranged from <LOD to 790 pg TCDDeq·g-1. BEQs were 100- to 1000-fold greater than TEQs. Potency-balance revealed <10% of the BEQs were explained by instrumentally analysed compounds. Sediment quality guidelines indicated di minimis risk relating to TEQs, however had potential risk due to BEQs. The results reveal that far more AhR ligands were present in the sediments than what was instrumentally analysed and capable of causing AhR-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tash Vogt
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa..
| | - Rialet Pieters
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - John Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada,; Department of Zoology, Centre for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biology and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Brent K Newman
- Coastal Systems Research Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Durban, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, NMU, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
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The environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyls, and cardiovascular disease: a potential target for antioxidant nanotherapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:740-759. [PMID: 28975503 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite production having stopped in the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent persistent organic pollutants that continue to pose a serious human health risk. Exposure to PCBs has been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, as well as hepatic disorders, endocrine dysfunction, neurological deficits, and many others. This is further complicated by the PCB's strong hydrophobicity, resulting in their ability to accumulate up the food chain and to be stored in fat deposits. This means that completely avoiding exposure is not possible, thus requiring the need to develop intervention strategies that can mitigate disease risks associated with exposure to PCBs. Currently, there is excitement in the use of nutritional compounds as a way of inhibiting the inflammation associated with PCBs, yet the suboptimal delivery and pharmacology of these compounds may not be sufficient in more acute exposures. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of PCB toxicity and some of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nanocarrier systems that may be useful as an enhanced treatment modality for reducing PCB toxicity.
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Lam MM, Bülow R, Engwall M, Giesy JP, Larsson M. Methylated PACs are more potent than their parent compounds: A study of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity, degradability, and mixture interactions in the H4IIE-luc assay. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1409-1419. [PMID: 29334126 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs; including native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], hydroxylated PAHs, alkylated and oxygenated PAHs, and [alkylated] heterocyclic compounds) were investigated for their aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated potencies in the H4IIE-luc bioassay. Potential degradabilities of PACs were investigated by use of various durations of exposure (24, 48, or 72 h), and various mixtures of PACs including PAHs, alkylated and oxygenated PAHs, and heterocyclic compounds were tested for their joint AhR-mediated potency. Additive behaviors of PACs in mixtures were studied by comparing observed mixture potencies with mixture potencies predicted by use of the concentration addition model. Methylated derivatives were more potent than their parent compounds in the H4IIE-luc assay. A time-dependent decrease in relative potency was observed for all AhR-active compounds, which may be indicative of in vitro biotransformation. Monomethylated compounds seemed to be more rapidly transformed than analogous unsubstituted compounds. In addition, the results showed that the predictive power of the concentration addition model increased with the number of compounds, suggesting additivity in multicomponent mixtures. Due to the greater potency of methylated derivatives and their ubiquitous occurrence, there is a need for further research on the toxicity and mixture behavior of these environmentally and toxicologically relevant compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1409-1419. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Lam
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Bülow
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
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Miguel V, Cui JY, Daimiel L, Espinosa-Díez C, Fernández-Hernando C, Kavanagh TJ, Lamas S. The Role of MicroRNAs in Environmental Risk Factors, Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, and Mental Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:773-796. [PMID: 28562070 PMCID: PMC5911706 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and define part of the epigenetic signature. Their influence on every realm of biomedicine is established and progressively increasing. The impact of environment on human health is enormous. Among environmental risk factors impinging on quality of life are those of chemical nature (toxic chemicals, heavy metals, pollutants, and pesticides) as well as those related to everyday life such as exposure to noise or mental and psychosocial stress. Recent Advances: This review elaborates on the relationship between miRNAs and these environmental risk factors. CRITICAL ISSUES The most relevant facts underlying the role of miRNAs in the response to these environmental stressors, including redox regulatory changes and oxidative stress, are highlighted and discussed. In the cases wherein miRNA mutations are relevant for this response, the pertinent literature is also reviewed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We conclude that, even though in some cases important advances have been made regarding close correlations between specific miRNAs and biological responses to environmental risk factors, a need for prospective large-cohort studies is likely necessary to establish causative roles. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 773-796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- 2 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- 3 Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados-Alimentación (IMDEA-Food) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Espinosa-Díez
- 4 Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- 2 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Santiago Lamas
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
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56
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Kais B, Ottermanns R, Scheller F, Braunbeck T. Modification and quantification of in vivo EROD live-imaging with zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to detect both induction and inhibition of CYP1A. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:330-347. [PMID: 28982082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of specific activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) directly in the zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio) via live-imaging is a reliable tool to investigate the presence of dioxin-like substances in environmental samples. The co-existence of inducers and inhibitors of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (CYP1A) is typical of complex environmental mixtures and requires modifications of the in vivo EROD assay: For this end, zebrafish embryos were used to evaluate the EROD-modifying potentials of common single-compound exposures as well as binary mixtures with the PAH-type Ah-receptor agonist β-naphthoflavone. For chemical testing, chlorpyrifos and Aroclor 1254 were selected; β-naphthoflavone served as maximum EROD induction control. Chlorpyrifos (≤EC10) could be documented to be a strong CYP1A inhibitor causing characteristic edema-related toxicity. Aroclor 1254 resulted in inhibition of CYP1A catalytic activity in a concentration- and specific time-dependent manner. Next to a fast CYP1A induction, CYP1A inhibition could also be detected after 3h short-term exposure of zebrafish embryos to chlorpyrifos. This communication also describes techniques for the quantification of fluorescence signals via densitometry as a basis for subsequent statistical assessment. The co-exposure approach with zebrafish embryos accounts for the nature of potential interaction between CYP1A inducers and inhibitors and thus pays tribute to the complexity of environmental mixtures. The co-exposure EROD live-imaging assay thus facilitates a better understanding of mixture effects and allows a better assessment and interpretation of (embryo) toxic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Kais
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Scheller
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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57
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Generalized concentration addition accurately predicts estrogenic potentials of mixtures and environmental samples containing partial agonists. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 46:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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58
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Neira C, Vales M, Mendoza G, Hoh E, Levin LA. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in recreational marina sediments of San Diego Bay, southern California. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:204-214. [PMID: 29421090 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were determined in surface sediments from three recreational marinas in San Diego Bay, California. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 23 to 153, 31-294, and 151-1387ngg-1 for Shelter Island Yacht Basin (SIYB), Harbor Island West (HW) and Harbor Island East (HE), respectively. PCB concentrations were significantly higher in HE and PCB group composition differed relative to HW and SIYB, which were not significantly different from each other in concentration or group composition. In marina sediments there was a predominance (82-85%) of heavier molecular weight PCBs with homologous groups (6CL-7CL) comprising 59% of the total. In HE 75% of the sites exceeded the effect range median (ERM), and toxicity equivalence (TEQ dioxin-like PCBs) values were higher relative to those of HW and SIYB, suggesting a potential ecotoxicological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neira
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Melissa Vales
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Guillermo Mendoza
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
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59
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Jin W, Otake M, Eguchi A, Sakurai K, Nakaoka H, Watanabe M, Todaka E, Mori C. Dietary Habits and Cooking Methods Could Reduce Avoidable Exposure to PCBs in Maternal and Cord Sera. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17357. [PMID: 29229988 PMCID: PMC5725569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), like other persistent organic pollutants, are accumulating throughout the food chain and pose health threats to humans, especially children and foetuses. There is no protocol for reducing the contamination levels of the PCBs in humans. This study identified food items and cooking methods that reduce serum PCB levels by analysing data collected from the Chiba Study of Mother and Child Health. The sample size was 194 subjects. Serum PCB levels were measured using gas chromatography-electron capture negative ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry. Information on dietary habits was obtained from a brief diet history questionnaire that included questions about food items and cooking methods. Food items were categorized into food groups, and nutrient levels were calculated based on food item consumption. Principal component analysis and lasso regression were used as statistical methods. The analyses of food items and nutrients suggested that food items rich in dietary fibre reduce avoidable exposure to PCBs, as could grilling and deep frying of food, which could reduce avoidable exposure to serum PCBs in mothers and foetuses. (174 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jin
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masae Otake
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakaoka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Emiko Todaka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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60
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Cannavo S, Trimarchi F, Ferraù F. Acromegaly, genetic variants of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway and environmental burden. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:81-88. [PMID: 27998805 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that environmental contaminants can exert endocrine disruptors activities and that pollution exposition can have a role in tumorigenic processes. Several environmental pollutants have been shown to affect pituitary cells biology and function. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway is involved in xenobiotics' metabolism and in tumorigenesis. A deregulation of the AHR pathway could have a role in pituitary tumours' pathophysiology, especially in the GH secreting ones. AHR-interacting protein (AIP) is one of the key partners of AHR and is implicated in pituitary tumours' pathogenesis. Moreover, an increased prevalence of acromegaly has been reported in a highly polluted area of the province of Messina (Sicily, Italy). Nevertheless, at present, few data are available about the potential role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis and clinical expression of GH secreting pituitary tumours. This review is aimed at discussing the evidences on the potential links among environmental pollutants, the AHR pathway and the pathophysiology of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cannavo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Endocrinology Unit, University of Messina, Italy
| | - F Trimarchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Endocrinology Unit, University of Messina, Italy
| | - F Ferraù
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Endocrinology Unit, University of Messina, Italy.
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61
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Guida N, Laudati G, Serani A, Mascolo L, Molinaro P, Montuori P, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LM, Formisano L. The neurotoxicant PCB-95 by increasing the neuronal transcriptional repressor REST down-regulates caspase-8 and increases Ripk1, Ripk3 and MLKL expression determining necroptotic neuronal death. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 142:229-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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62
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Shi J, Bi W, Li S, Dong W, Chen J. Reaction Mechanism of 4-Chlorobiphenyl and the NO 3 Radical: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3461-3468. [PMID: 28402663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Experiment and theoretical chemistry calculations were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of the reaction between 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CB) and the NO3 radical. The degradation of PCBs was investigated mechanistically through transient absorption spectroscopy technology and high-accuracy theoretical calculation by using 4-CB as the model. Laser flash photolysis (LFP) experiments were performed at 355 nm. The main intermediate was analyzed through transient absorption spectroscopy and identified to be a charge transfer complex (CTC). The final products were identified through GC-MS analysis. The ground states and excited states of the reactants were calculated through density functional theory (DFT) method. The absorption bands at 400 and 700 nm show good agreement with the experimental results. The ratio of absorbance at 400 and 700 nm is 1.6, and the experimental value is 1.8. Analysis of the charge population indicated that one unit charge transfer from 4-CB to NO3. The entire reaction process was divided into two phases. In the first phase, the CTC intermediate was formed by electrostatic attraction between 4-CB and the NO3 radical. In the second phase, the most important channel of subsequent reactions is the σ-complex as an intermediate formed by N-C coupling. The final product 4-chloro,2-nitrobiphenyl was generated with the breakage of BC-H and BN-O, and benzene derivatives were formed by other channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Bi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shenmin Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University , Dalian 116622, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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63
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Jin R, Zhan J, Liu G, Zhao Y, Zheng M, Yang L, Wang M. Profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cement kilns co-processing solid waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:165-172. [PMID: 28161517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-incineration of sewage sludge in cement kilns can be used for its disposal. In the present study, samples were collected from three cement production runs where sewage sludge and other wastes (e.g. municipal solid waste, waste acid and wet sewage sludge) were co-processed. The samples were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The dioxin-like (dl)-PCB concentrations in the stack gases from run 1, 2, and 3 were 344.6, 548.7, and 104.3 pg m-3, respectively. The toxic equivalency (TEQs) values for runs 1, 2, and 3 were 5.6, 8.9, and 0.7 pg TEQ Nm-3, respectively. Calculation of net emissions for the three runs indicated that the co-incineration of other waste in addition to sewage sludge in cement kilns would not increase emission of the dl-PCBs. PCB concentrations in samples from the suspension boiler and humidifier tower, kiln-end bag filter, and cyclone preheater were much higher than those in samples from the kiln head area, indicating that these stages will be important for controlling PCB formation. Chlorinated biphenyl (CB)-77, CB-105 and CB-118 were the major dl-PCB congeners, CB-52, CB-101 were the major indicator PCB congeners, and tetra-CB to hexa-CB were the major homologues for the total input or output materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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64
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Jeon S, Hong S, Kwon BO, Park J, Song SJ, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Assessment of potential biological activities and distributions of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in sediments of the west coast of South Korea. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:441-449. [PMID: 27810545 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The west coast of Korea has experienced environmental deterioration for more than half a century. In the present study, we specifically aimed to: i) evaluate potential toxicities of contaminants in sediments that cause effects mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER); ii) determine spatio-temporal distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols (APs); and iii) identify causes of greater potencies of samples. From 2010 to 2014, sediments were collected from 12 major estuarine and coastal regions along the west coast of South Korea. In vitro cell bioassays were performed to determine AhR- and ER-mediated potencies using H4IIE-luc and MVLN cells, respectively. Fifteen PAHs and six APs in sediments were identified by GC/MSD. Results of bioassays generally showed a low-to-moderate degree of contamination, however, greater AhR- and ER-mediated potencies were measured at some locations. Concentrations of PAHs and APs varied among locations, which indicated that sources were independently affected by the surrounding environment (e.g., industrial complex and cities). Results of bioassays were generally well correlated with concentrations of putative causative chemicals. Benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene were the major AhR agonists, explaining approximately 30% of the bioassay-derived benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (BaP-EQ). Unknown AhR and ER agonists and potential mixture effects remain in question. Overall, the present study provides baseline information on chemical contaminations and potential toxicity of sediments in a fairly wide geographical region of the west coast of South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Jeon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoon Park
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Song
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Zoology & Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Braune BM, Mallory ML. Declining trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and non-ortho PCBs in Canadian Arctic seabirds. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:557-566. [PMID: 27742441 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polychorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) such as the non-ortho PCBs (nPCBs) persist in the environment despite international measures to ban their emissions. We determined congener patterns and temporal trends for PCDDs, PCDFs, nPCBs as well as their toxic equivalents (TEQs) in eggs of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) sampled from Prince Leopold Island in the Canadian Arctic between 1975 and 2014. The dominant PCDD congeners were 1,2,3,7,8-PnCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD, and the dominant PCDF congener was 2,3,4,7,8-PnCDF. The nPCB profile was dominated by PCB-126. The TEQ profile in the murre eggs was dominated by nPCB-TEQ whereas in the fulmar eggs, the PCDF-TEQ contribution to ΣTEQ was slightly greater than that of nPCB-TEQ. Concentrations of ΣPCDD, ΣPCDF, ΣnPCB and ΣTEQ declined between 1975 and 2014 in both murre and fulmar eggs. Based on TEQ thresholds in the literature for other species, and taking into account the trend towards declining TEQ levels, it is unlikely that current levels of PCDDs, PCDFs or nPCBs are affecting the reproductive success of thick-billed murres or northern fulmars in the Canadian Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit M Braune
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
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Batang ZB, Alikunhi N, Gochfeld M, Burger J, Al-Jahdali R, Al-Jahdali H, Aziz MAM, Al-Jebreen D, Al-Suwailem A. Congener-specific levels and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls in edible fish tissue from the central Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:915-925. [PMID: 27522293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
All 209 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in edible fish tissue from the central Red Sea coast (Jeddah region) of Saudi Arabia were analyzed by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The upper-bound total PCB (ΣPCB) levels in nine commonly consumed fish species from three areas were 0.2-82.5ng/g wet weight (17-8450ng/g lipid weight), which were at the lower end of reported global range and far below international tolerance limits (500-3000ng/g ww). Dioxin-like congeners contributed up to 12.8% (mean 6.5%) to ΣPCB in tissue samples, with the total PCB toxic equivalencies (TEQs) at a tolerable range (0.05-2.6pgTEQ/g ww or 2-238pgTEQ/g lw) for all species. PCB profiles were dominated by moderately chlorinated homologs, mainly hexachlorobiphenyls, but less chlorinated congeners were also consistently elevated, notably in Siganus rivulatus (Area III) and Mugil cephalus (Area I). It remains to be ascertained if the latter were breakdown products or due to fresh inputs. The top congeners based on dominance by both occurrence and abundance were identified as potential markers of ΣPCB in fish tissue, which can be used for future selective biomonitoring in case of reasonable constraints on full congener approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon B Batang
- Coastal and Marine Resources Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nabeel Alikunhi
- Coastal and Marine Resources Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Gochfeld
- Environmental and Community Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joanna Burger
- Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ramzi Al-Jahdali
- Coastal and Marine Resources Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Al-Jahdali
- Coastal and Marine Resources Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A M Aziz
- Directorate of Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Al-Jebreen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Suwailem
- Coastal and Marine Resources Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Li ZR, Luo XJ, Huang LQ, Mai BX. In ovo uptake, metabolism, and tissue-specific distribution of chiral PCBs and PBDEs in developing chicken embryos. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36597. [PMID: 27819361 PMCID: PMC5098194 DOI: 10.1038/srep36597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilized chicken eggs were injected with environmental doses of 4 chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 8 polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to investigate their uptake, metabolism in the embryo, and distribution in the neonate chicken. PCB95 uptake was the most efficient (80%) whereas BDE209 was the least (56%). Embryos metabolized approximately 52% of the PCBs absorbed. Though some degree of metabolism in the first 18 days, most of the PCBs and PBDEs was metabolized in the last three days, when BDE85, 99, 153, and 209 decrease by 11–37%. Enantioselective metabolism of the (+) enantiomers of PCB95, 149, and 132 and the (−) enantiomer of PCB91 was observed. The enantioselective reactivity was higher with the two penta-PCBs than the two tetra-PCBs. Liver, exhibited high affinity for high lipophilic chemicals, enrich all chemicals that was deflected in other tissues except for some special chemicals in a given tissues. Lipid composition, time of organ formation, and metabolism contribute to the distribution of chemicals in the neonate chicken. The result of this study will improve our understanding on the fate and potential adverse effects of PCBs and PBDEs in the neonate chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li-Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Lyu H, He Y, Tang J, Hecker M, Liu Q, Jones PD, Codling G, Giesy JP. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on potential toxicity of biochar if applied to the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1-7. [PMID: 27537986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochars have increasingly been used as adsorbents for organic and inorganic contaminants in soils. However, during the carbonization process of pyrolysis, contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/DF) can be generated. In this study, biochars made from sawdust, were prepared at various temperatures ranging from 250 to 700 °C. The Microtox® and rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE-luc assays were used to characterize the general toxic and effects, mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), or dioxin-like potencies of organic extracts of biochars. The greatest total concentrations of PAHs (8.6 × 102 μg kg-1) and PCDD/DF (6.1 × 102 pg g-1) were found in biochar generated at 400 °C and 300 °C, respectively. Results of the H4IIE-luc assay, which gives total concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (TEQH4IIE-luc), indicated that total potencies of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists were in decreasing order: 300 °C > 250 °C > 400 °C > 500 °C > 700 °C. The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQchem) calculated as the sum of products of 16 PAHs and 17 PCDD/DF congers multiplied by their respective relative potencies (RePs) was less than that of TEQH4IIE-luc determined by use of the bioanalytical method, with the H4IIE-luc assay, which measures the total dioxin-like potency of a mixtures. The ratio of TEQchem/TEQH4IIE-luc was in the range of 0.7%-3.8%. Thus, a rather small proportion of the AhR-mediated potencies extracted from biochars were identified by instrumental analyses. Results of the Microtox test showed similar tendencies as those of the H4IIE-luc test, and a linear correlation between EC50 of Microtox test and EC20 of H4IIE-luc test was found. The results demonstrated that biochars produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures (>400 °C) were less toxic and had lower potencies of AhR-mediated effects, which may be more suitable for soil application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuhe He
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Biological Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Qinglong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Paul D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Garry Codling
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Aly HAA, Mansour AM, Hassan MH, Abd-Ellah MF. Lipoic acid attenuates Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:913-922. [PMID: 25533183 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanistic aspect of Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity and its protection by lipoic acid. The adult male Albino rats were divided into six groups. Group I served as control. Group II received lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day). Aroclor 1260 was given to rats by oral gavage at doses 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg/day (Groups III, IV, and V, respectively). Group VI was pretreated with lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day) 24 h before Aroclor 1260 (40 mg/kg/day). Treatment in all groups was continued for further 15 consecutive days. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly increased while total protein, total albumin, and high-density lipoprotein were significantly decreased. Hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content was significantly decreased in liver. Caspase-3 & -9 activities were significantly increased in liver. Lipoic acid pretreatment significantly reverted all these abnormalities toward their normal levels. In conclusion, Aroclor 1260 induced liver dysfunction, at least in part, by induction of oxidative stress. Apoptotic effect of hepatic cells is involved in Aroclor 1260-induced liver injury. Lipoic acid could protect rats against Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 913-922, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy A A Aly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Memy H Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, El-Madinah El-Munaworah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Abd-Ellah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Xu Z, Chen Y, Qiu Y, Gu W, Li Y. Prediction of stability for polychlorinated biphenyls in transformer insulation oil through three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship pharmacophore model and full factor experimental design. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-5461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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71
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Haase H, Fahlenkamp A, Schettgen T, Esser A, Gube M, Ziegler P, Kraus T, Rink L. Immunotoxicity Monitoring in a Population Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030295. [PMID: 27005643 PMCID: PMC4808958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) burden and several indicators of immune function was investigated as part of the HELPcB (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB) program, offering bio-monitoring to workers, relatives, and neighbors exposed to PCBs by a German transformers and capacitors recycling company. The present retrospective observational study evaluates the correlation of plasma levels of total PCBs, five indicator congeners (28, 101, 138, 153, 180), and seven dioxin-like congeners (105, 114, 118, 156, 157, 167, 189) with several parameters of immune function. The cross-sectional study was performed immediately after the end of exposure (258 subjects), and one (218 subjects), and two (177 subjects) years later. At the first time point, measurements showed significant positive correlation between congeners with low to medium chlorination and the relative proportion of CD19 positive B-cells among lymphocytes, as well as a negative correlation of PCB114 with serum IgM, and of PCB 28 with suppressor T-cell and NK-cell numbers. Congeners with a high degree of chlorination, in particular PCB157 and 189, were positively associated with expression of the activation marker CD25 on T-cells in the cohort of the second time point. No associations between PCB levels and IFN-y production by T-cells and killing by NK-cells were found. In conclusion, there were several effects on the cellular composition of adaptive immunity, affecting both T- and B-cells. However, the values were not generally outside the reference ranges for healthy adult individuals and did not indicate overt functional immunodeficiency, even in subjects with the uppermost PCB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajo Haase
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin D-13355, Germany.
| | - Astrid Fahlenkamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Andre Esser
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Monika Gube
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Lothar Rink
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
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Folland WR, Newsted JL, Fitzgerald SD, Fuchsman PC, Bradley PW, Kern J, Kannan K, Zwiernik MJ. Enzyme induction and histopathology elucidate aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated versus non-aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated effects of Aroclor 1268 in American mink (Neovison vison). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:619-634. [PMID: 26267837 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations reported in preferred prey and blubber of bottlenose dolphins from the Turtle-Brunswick River estuary (Georgia, USA) suggest the potential for adverse effects. However, PCBs in Turtle-Brunswick River estuary dolphins are primarily derived from Aroclor 1268, and predicting toxic effects of Aroclor 1268 is uncertain because of the mixture's unique composition and associated physiochemical characteristics. These differences suggest that toxicity benchmarks for other PCB mixtures may not be relevant to dolphins exposed to Aroclor 1268. American mink (Neovison vison) were used as a surrogate model for cetaceans to characterize mechanisms of action associated with Aroclor 1268 exposure. Mink share similarities in phylogeny and life history with cetaceans and are characteristically sensitive to PCBs, making them an attractive surrogate species for marine mammals in ecotoxicity studies. Adult female mink and a subsequent F1 generation were exposed to Aroclor 1268 through diet, and effects on enzyme induction, histopathology, thyroid hormone regulation, hematology, organ weights, and body condition index were compared to a negative control and a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)-positive control. Aroclor 1268 dietary exposure concentrations ranged from 1.8 µg/g wet weight to 29 µg/g wet weight. Anemia, hypothyroidism, and hepatomegaly were observed in mink exposed to Aroclor 1268 beyond various dietary thresholds. Cytochrome P450 induction and squamous epithelial proliferation jaw lesions were low in Aroclor 1268 treatments relative to the positive control. Differences in enzyme induction and the development of squamous epithelial proliferation jaw lesions between Aroclor 1268 treatments and the positive control, coupled with effects observed in Aroclor 1268 treatments not observed in the positive control, indicate that mechanisms additional to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathway are associated with Aroclor 1268 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Folland
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John L Newsted
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott D Fitzgerald
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Environmental Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Patrick W Bradley
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John Kern
- KERN Statistical Services, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Matthew J Zwiernik
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Folland WR, Newsted JL, Fitzgerald SD, Fuchsman PC, Bradley PW, Kern J, Kannan K, Remington RE, Zwiernik MJ. Growth and reproductive effects from dietary exposure to Aroclor 1268 in mink (Neovison vison), a surrogate model for marine mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:604-618. [PMID: 26313468 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the commercial mixture Aroclor 1268 were historically released into the Turtle-Brunswick River estuary (southeastern Georgia, USA) from industrial operations. Sum PCBs (ΣPCBs) in blubber samples from Turtle-Brunswick River estuary bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been reported at concentrations more than 10-fold higher than those observed in dolphins from adjacent regional estuaries. Given that toxicity data specific to Aroclor 1268 and applicable to marine mammals are limited, predicting the toxic effects of Aroclor 1268 in dolphins is uncertain, particularly because of its unique congener profile and associated physiochemical characteristics compared with other PCB mixtures. American mink (Neovison vison) were chosen as a surrogate model for cetaceans to develop marine mammalian PCB toxicity benchmarks. Mink are a suitable surrogate species for cetaceans in toxicity studies because of similarities in diet and taxonomic class, and a characteristic sensitivity to PCBs provides a potential safety factor when using mink toxicology data for cross-species extrapolations. Effects of dietary exposure to Aroclor 1268 on reproduction, growth, and mortality in mink were compared with both a negative control and a positive control (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB 126). Aroclor 1268 dietary ΣPCB concentrations ranged from 1.8 µg/g feed wet weight to 29 µg/g feed wet weight. Whelp success was unaffected by Aroclor 1268 exposure at any level. Treatment mean litter size, kit growth, and kit survival were adversely affected relative to the negative control at dietary ΣPCB concentrations of 10.6 µg/g feed wet weight and greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Folland
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John L Newsted
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott D Fitzgerald
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Environmental Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Patrick W Bradley
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John Kern
- KERN Statistical Services, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Zwiernik
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Kim JO, Choi J, Lee S, Chung J. Evaluation of hydrocyclone and post-treatment technologies for remediation of contaminated dredged sediments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 166:94-102. [PMID: 26496838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There are many disposal and treatment methods for contaminated dredged sediments, depending on their properties. In this study, treatment methods for the remediation of dredged sediments as well as the reduction of pore water generated from dredged sediments were optimized. The efficiency of separation using hydrocyclone as the pre-treatment increased with greater inflow velocity of hydrocyclone, deeper insertion of the vortex finder, and smaller hydrocyclone diameter. In the post-treatment of hydrocyclone overflow, the chemical coagulation and membrane filtration methods had high efficiency with regard to the removal of solid and organic compounds, but the former was less feasible, due to its excessive operation and sludge disposal costs. The membrane filtration was easily applicable in the field, based on its convenience of installation and lower cost of operation despite low removal efficiency of trace organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Choi
- R&D Center, Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd., 415-10 Woncheon-Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 443-823, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sahmyook University, 26-21 Kongnung 2-Dong, Nowone-Gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Chung
- R&D Center, Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd., 415-10 Woncheon-Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 443-823, Republic of Korea.
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75
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Bellehumeur K, Lapointe D, Cooke SJ, Moon TW. Exposure to sublethal levels of PCB-126 impacts fuel metabolism and swimming performance in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 199:97-104. [PMID: 26803990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are recognized physiological stressors to fish which over time may impair individual performance and perhaps fitness by inducing changes that could have population-level consequences. PCB-126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) accumulates in lipids and can subsequently be released into the bloodstream during periods of high activity that involve the mobilization of stored fuels to meet with increasing energy demands. The goal of this study was to determine if a sublethal exposure to PCB-126 altered the content of tissue energy supplies (carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, triglycerides) and impaired swimming performance as well as oxygen consumption in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were injected intraperitoneally with a single Low (100μgkg(-1)) or High (400μgkg(-1)) dose of PCB-126 then swimming performance and metabolic rates from 1 to 9days post-injection were compared to Control (non-dosed) fish. Liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was assessed as an indication of PCB-126 intoxication while plasma and white muscle tissue metabolites were analyzed as an index of physiological disturbance. Swimming performance, assessed using two successive modified critical swimming speed (Ucrit) tests, was highest for fish in the High PCB-126 treatment; however, their initial condition factor (K) was also higher, largely due to their greater body mass. Trout in the High and Low PCB-126 treatments exhibited impaired recovery following intense exercise as they swam comparatively poorly when provided a second challenge. PCB-exposed fish exhibited reduced spleen somatic indices as well as muscle glucose and glycogen contents; whereas plasma cortisol and glucose levels were elevated, indicating higher metabolic costs during recovery and muscle restoration. Overall, this research provides insights into the sublethal effects of a toxic organic compound on swimming performance in trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Bellehumeur
- Department of Biology, and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, 130 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Dominique Lapointe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Thomas W Moon
- Department of Biology, and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, 130 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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76
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Divergent Effects of Dioxin- or Non-Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls on the Apoptosis of Primary Cell Culture from the Mouse Pituitary Gland. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146729. [PMID: 26752525 PMCID: PMC4709048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can disrupt the endocrine function, promote neoplasms and regulate apoptosis in some tissues; however, it is unknown whether PCBs can affect the apoptosis of pituitary cells. The study evaluated the effect of PCBs on the apoptosis of normal pituitary cells and the underlying mechanisms. Primary cell cultures obtained from mouse pituitary glands were exposed to Aroclor 1254 or selected dioxin-like (PCB 77, PCB 126) or non-dioxin-like (PCB 153, PCB 180) congeners. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V staining, DNA fragmentation, and TUNEL assay. Both the expression and activity of caspases were analyzed. Selective thyroid hormone receptor (TR) or aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) or CYP1A1 antagonist were used to explore the mechanisms underlying PCBs action. Our results showed that Aroclor 1254 induced the apoptosis of pituitary cells as well as the final caspase-3 level and activity through the extrinsic pathway, as shown by the increased caspase-8 level and activity. On the other hand, the intrinsic pathway evaluated by measuring caspase-9 expression was silent. The selected non-dioxin-like congeners either increased (PCB 180) or reduced (PCB 153) pituitary cell apoptosis, affecting the extrinsic pathway (PCB 180), or both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways (PCB 153), respectively. In contrast, the dioxin-like congeners (PCB 77 and PCB 126) did not affect apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic phenotype of PCB 153 was counteracted by a TR or a CYP1A1 antagonist, whereas the pro-apoptotic effect of PCB 180 was counteracted by an AhR antagonist. The induced apoptosis of Aroclor 1254 or PCB 180 was associated with a reduction of cell proliferation, whereas the decreased apoptosis due to PCB 153 increased cell proliferation by 30%. In conclusion, our data suggest that non-dioxin-like PCBs may modulate apoptosis and the proliferation rate of pituitary cells that have either pro- or anti-apoptotic effects depending on the specific congeners. However, the impact of PCBs on the process of pituitary tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated.
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77
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Terasaki M, Wada T, Nagashima S, Makino M, Yasukawa H. In Vitro Transformation of Chlorinated Parabens by the Liver S9 Fraction: Kinetics, Metabolite Identification, and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonist Activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:650-4. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Terasaki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Iwate University
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Satoshi Nagashima
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Masakazu Makino
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hiro Yasukawa
- Academic Group of Applied Life Sciences, Iwate University
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78
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Ali U, Sánchez-García L, Rehman MYA, Syed JH, Mahmood A, Li J, Zhang G, Jones KC, Malik RN. Tracking the fingerprints and combined TOC-black carbon mediated soil-air partitioning of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the Indus River Basin of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:850-858. [PMID: 26613673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the first investigation of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in air and soil samples from ecologically important sites of the Indus River Basin, Pakistan. The concentrations of ∑39-PCNs in air and soil were found in a range between 1-1588 pg m(-3) and 0.02-23 ng g(-1) while the mean TEQ values were calculated to be 5.4E(-04) pg TEQ m(-3) and 1.6E(+01) pg TEQ g(-1), respectively. Spatially, air and soil PCN concentrations were found to be high at Rahim Yar Khan (agricultural region). Lower-medium chlorinated PCNs (sum of tri-, tetra- and penta-CNs) predominated in both air and soil, altogether constituting 87 and 86% of total PCNs in the two environmental matrices, respectively. According to the data, soil-air partitioning of PCNs was interpreted to be similarly controlled by the combined effect of black carbon and organic matter in the Indus River Basin, with no preferential implication of the recalcitrant organic form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- Institute of Environmental Sciences of Aragon, Zaragoza University, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Centre for Chemicals Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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79
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Moore DRJ, Breton RL, DeLong TR, Ferson S, Lortie JP, MacDonald DB, McGrath R, Pawlisz A, Svirsky SC, Teed RS, Thompson RP, Whitfield Aslund M. Ecological risk assessment for mink and short-tailed shrew exposed to PCBs, dioxins, and furans in the Housatonic River area. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2016; 12:174-184. [PMID: 25976918 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to characterize risks to a representative piscivorous mammal (mink, Mustela vison) and a representative carnivorous mammal (short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda) exposed to PCBs, dioxins, and furans in the Housatonic River area downstream of the General Electric (GE) facility in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Contaminant exposure was estimated using a probabilistic total daily intake model and parameterized using life history information of each species and concentrations of PCBs, dioxins, and furans in prey collected in the Housatonic River study area. The effects assessment preferentially relied on dose-response curves but defaulted to benchmarks or other estimates of effect when there were insufficient toxicity data. The risk characterization used a weight of evidence approach. Up to 3 lines of evidence were used to estimate risks to the selected mammal species: 1) probabilistic exposure and effects modeling, 2) field surveys, and 3) species-specific feeding or field studies. The weight of evidence assessment indicated a high risk for mink and an intermediate risk for short-tailed shrew.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger L Breton
- Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tod R DeLong
- Avatar Environmental, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Drew B MacDonald
- Chemicals Evaluation Branch, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Susan C Svirsky
- US Environmental Protection Agency, New England Office, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Scott Teed
- Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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80
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Zhao L, Hou H, Zhu T, Li F, Terada A, Hosomi M. Successive self-propagating sintering process using carbonaceous materials: A novel low-cost remediation approach for dioxin-contaminated solids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 299:231-240. [PMID: 26125527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of dioxin-contaminated solids was studied using a novel successive self-propagating sintering process (SSPSP) incorporating a carbonaceous material. Among the five types of carbonaceous materials investigated, Charcoal B displayed optimum adsorbent properties and was selected as the best thermal source in the current remediation approach based on economical efficiency aspects. The feasibility of this proposed approach, removal efficiencies, and congener compositions of dioxins were examined using two types of dioxin-contaminated solids (Fugan sediment and Toyo soil) that displayed different characteristics including the initial concentrations of dioxins. The removal efficiencies of DL-PCBs ("dioxin-like" polychlorinated biphenyls) were higher than those of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans), achieving 99.9 and 92% removal in the Fugan sediment and Toyo soil, respectively. In contrast, the degradation efficiencies of DL-PCBs were lower (i.e., 89.3 and 88.8%, respectively). The initial concentrations of dioxins, available precursors, and properties of the solids strongly influenced the congener compositions and removal efficiencies of dioxins. Furthermore, the dechlorination reaction pathways of high-chlorinated PCDDs and potential regeneration pathways of PCDFs from PCBs were deduced using isotope labeling. The proposed novel low-cost remediation approach for the removal of dioxins from solids is a highly efficient and environmentally sound treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Fasheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hosomi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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81
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Miyashita C, Sasaki S, Ikeno T, Araki A, Ito S, Kajiwara J, Todaka T, Hachiya N, Yasutake A, Murata K, Nakajima T, Kishi R. Effects of in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, methylmercury, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on birth size. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 533:256-65. [PMID: 26172592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or methylmercury (MeHg), and the beneficial effects of nutrients from maternal fish intake might have opposing influences on fetal growth. In this study, we assessed the effects of in utero exposure to PCBs and MeHg on birth size in the Japanese population, which is known to have a high frequency of fish consumption. The concentrations of PCBs and polyunsaturated fatty acids in maternal blood, and the total mercury in hair (as a biomarker of MeHg exposure) were measured during pregnancy and at delivery. Maternal intakes of fish (subtypes: fatty and lean) and shellfishes were calculated from a food frequency questionnaire administered at delivery. Newborn anthropometric measurement data were obtained from birth records. The associations between chemical exposures and birth size were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis with adjustment for confounding factors among 367 mother-newborn pairs. The birth weight was 3073±37 g (mean±SD). The incidence of babies small for gestational age (SGA) by weight was 4.9%. The median concentrations of total PCBs and hair mercury were 108 ng/g lipid and 1.41 μg/g, respectively. There was no overall association between mercury concentrations and birth weight, birth length, chest circumference, and head circumference. We observed that the risk of SGA by weight decreased with increasing mercury concentration in regression analyses with adjustment for polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our results suggest that the beneficial effect of essential nutrition may mask the adverse effects of MeHg on birth size. The concentrations of PCBs had no association with birth size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tamiko Ikeno
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jumboku Kajiwara
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Mukaizano 39, Dazaifu 818-0135, Japan
| | - Takashi Todaka
- Kitakyushu Life Science Center, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, 1-4 Nakabarushinmachi Tobata-ku Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 804-0003, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hachiya
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
| | - Akira Yasutake
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Murata
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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82
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Zahara ARD, Michel NL, Flahr LM, Ejack LE, Morrissey CA. Latent cognitive effects from low-level polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in juvenile European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2513-2522. [PMID: 26033510 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicology research on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures has focused principally on short-term effects on reproduction, growth, and other physiological endpoints. Latent cognitive effects from early life exposure to low-level PCBs were examined in an avian model, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Thirty-six birds, divided equally among 4 treatment groups (control = 0 µg, low = 0.35 µg, intermediate = 0.70 µg, and high = 1.05 µg Aroclor 1254/g body weight), were dosed 1 d through 18 d posthatch, then tested 8 mo to 9 mo later in captivity in an analog to an open radial arm maze. Birds were subject to 4 sequential experiments: habituation, learning, cue selection, and memory. One-half of the birds did not habituate to the test cage; however, this was not linked to a treatment group. Although 11 of the remaining 18 birds successfully learned, only 1 was from the high-dosed group. Control and low-dosed birds were among the only treatment groups to improve trial times throughout the learning experiment. High-dosed birds were slower and more error-prone than controls. Cue selection (spatial or color cues) and memory retention were not affected by prior PCB exposure. The results indicate that a reduction in spatial learning ability persists among birds exposed to Aroclor 1254 during development. This may have implications for migration ability, resource acquisition, and other behaviors relevant for fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R D Zahara
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nicole L Michel
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Leanne M Flahr
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Leanne E Ejack
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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83
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Demirtepe H, Kjellerup B, Sowers KR, Imamoglu I. Evaluation of PCB dechlorination pathways in anaerobic sediment microcosms using an anaerobic dechlorination model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 296:120-127. [PMID: 25913678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A detailed quantitative analysis of anaerobic dechlorination (AD) pathways of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment microcosms was performed by applying an anaerobic dechlorination model (ADM). The purpose of ADM is to systematically analyze changes in a contaminant profile that result from microbial reductive dechlorination according to empirically determined dechlorination pathways. In contrast to prior studies that utilized modeling tools to predict dechlorination pathways, ADM also provides quantification of individual pathways. As only microbial reductive dechlorination of PCBs occurred in the modeled laboratory microcosms, extensive analysis of AD pathways was possible without the complicating effect of concurrent physico-chemical or other weathering mechanisms. The results from this study showed: (1) ninety three AD pathways are active; (2) tetra- to hepta-chlorobiphenyl (CB) congeners were common intermediates in several AD pathways, penta-CBs being the most frequently observed; (3) the highest rates of dechlorination were for penta-CB homologs during the initial 185 days; (4) the dominant terminal products of AD were PCB 32(26-4), 49(24-25), 51(24-26), 52(25-25), 72(25-35), 73(26-35) and 100(246-24), (5) potential toxicity of the sediment was reduced. ADM serves as a powerful tool not only for a thorough analysis of AD pathways, but also for providing necessary input for numerical fate models (as a degradation term) that investigate dechlorination products or outcome of natural attenuation, or bioremediation/bioaugmentation of PCB-impacted sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Demirtepe
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birthe Kjellerup
- A. James Clark School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kevin R Sowers
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Ipek Imamoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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84
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Pieterse B, Rijk IJC, Simon E, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Fokke BFH, van der Wijk M, Besselink H, Weber R, van der Burg B. Effect-based assessment of persistent organic pollutant and pesticide dumpsite using mammalian CALUX reporter cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14442-54. [PMID: 26022396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A combined chemical and biological analysis of samples from a major obsolete pesticide and persistent organic pollutant (POP) dumpsite in Northern Tajikistan was carried out. The chemical analytical screening focused on a range of prioritized compounds and compounds known to be present locally. Since chemical analytics does not allow measurements of hazards in complex mixtures, we tested the use of a novel effect-based approach using a panel of quantitative high-throughput CALUX reporter assays measuring distinct biological effects relevant in hazard assessment. Assays were included for assessing effects related to estrogen, androgen, and progestin signaling, aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated signaling, AP1 signaling, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, chemical hypoxia, and ER stress. With this panel of assays, we first quantified the biological activities of the individual chemicals measured in chemical analytics. Next, we calculated the expected sum activity by these chemicals in the samples of the pesticide dump site and compared the results with the measured CALUX bioactivity of the total extracts of these samples. The results showed that particularly endocrine disruption-related effects were common among the samples. This was consistent with the toxicological profiles of the individual chemicals that dominated these samples. However, large discrepancies between chemical and biological analysis were found in a sample from a burn place present in this site, with biological activities that could not be explained by chemical analysis. This is likely to be caused by toxic combustion products or by spills of compounds that were not targeted in the chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pieterse
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - I J C Rijk
- Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers B.V., Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - E Simon
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M van der Wijk
- Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers B.V., Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - H Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
| | - B van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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85
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Stagakis M, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Karavoltsos S, Sakellari A, Kalogeropoulos N, Leondiadis L. Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Aegean Fish and Seafood. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1070161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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86
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Guida N, Laudati G, Anzilotti S, Secondo A, Montuori P, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LMT, Formisano L. Resveratrol via sirtuin-1 downregulates RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) expression preventing PCB-95-induced neuronal cell death. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:387-98. [PMID: 26307266 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) (RSV), a polyphenol widely present in plants, exerts a neuroprotective function in several neurological conditions; it is an activator of class III histone deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a crucial regulator in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. By contrast, the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is involved in the neurotoxic effects following exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture A1254. The present study investigated the effects of RSV-induced activation of SIRT1 on REST expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Further, we investigated the possible relationship between the non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCB-95 and REST through SIRT1 to regulate neuronal death in rat cortical neurons. Our results revealed that RSV significantly decreased REST gene and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, overexpression of SIRT1 reduced REST expression, whereas EX-527, an inhibitor of SIRT1, increased REST expression and blocked RSV-induced REST downregulation. These results suggest that RSV downregulates REST through SIRT1. In addition, RSV enhanced activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor c-Jun expression and its binding to the REST promoter gene. Indeed, c-Jun knockdown reverted RSV-induced REST downregulation. Intriguingly, in SH-SY5Y cells and rat cortical neurons the NDL PCB-95 induced necrotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner by increasing REST mRNA and protein expression. In addition, SIRT1 knockdown blocked RSV-induced neuroprotection in rat cortical neurons treated with PCB-95. Collectively, these results indicate that RSV via SIRT1 activates c-Jun, thereby reducing REST expression in SH-SY5Y cells under physiological conditions and blocks PCB-95-induced neuronal cell death by activating the same SIRT1/c-Jun/REST pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella M T Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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87
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Zhang H, Jiang X, Lu L, Xiao W. Biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the novel identified cyanobacterium Anabaena PD-1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131450. [PMID: 26177203 PMCID: PMC4503305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a class of hazardous pollutants, are difficult to dissipate in the natural environment. In this study, a cyanobacterial strain Anabaena PD-1 showed good resistance against PCB congeners. Compared to a control group, chlorophyll a content decreased 3.7% and 11.7% when Anabaena PD-1 was exposed to 2 and 5 mg/L PCBs for 7 d. This cyanobacterial strain was capable of decomposing PCB congeners which was conclusively proved by determination of chloride ion concentrations in chlorine-free medium. After 7 d, the chloride ion concentrations in PCB-treated groups (1, 2, 5 mg/L) were 3.55, 3.05, and 2.25 mg/L, respectively. The genetic information of strain PD-1 was obtained through 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The GenBank accession number of 16S rRNA of Anabaena PD-1 was KF201693.1. Phylogenetic tree analysis clearly indicated that Anabaena PD-1 belonged to the genus Anabaena. The degradation half-life of Aroclor 1254 by Anabaena PD-1 was 11.36 d; the total degradation rate for Aroclor 1254 was 84.4% after 25 d. Less chlorinated PCB congeners were more likely to be degraded by Anabaena PD-1 in comparison with highly chlorinated congeners. Meta- and para-chlorines in trichlorodiphenyls and tetrachlorobiphenyls were more susceptible to dechlorination than ortho-chlorines during the PCB-degradation process by Anabaena PD-1. Furthermore, Anabaena PD-1 can decompose dioxin-like PCBs. The percent biodegradation of 12 dioxin-like PCBs by strain PD-1 ranged from 37.4% to 68.4% after 25 days. Results above demonstrate that Anabaena PD-1 is a PCB-degrader with great potential for the in situ bioremediation of PCB-contaminated paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Xiasha Gaojiao Dongqu, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Xiasha Gaojiao Dongqu, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liping Lu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Xiasha Gaojiao Dongqu, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Xiasha Gaojiao Dongqu, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang Province, China
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88
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Ligand-independent activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in PCB3-quinone treated HaCaT human keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:258-66. [PMID: 25668756 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays a critical role in metabolism, cell proliferation, development, carcinogenesis, and xenobiotic response. In general, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exhibit a ligand-dependent activation of AhR-signaling. Results from this study show that a quinone-derivative (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-benzo-2,5-quinone; 4-ClBQ) of a non-dioxin like PCB (PCB3) also activates AhR-signaling. Treatments of HaCaT human keratinocytes with 4-ClBQ and dioxin-like PCB126 significantly increased AhR-target gene expression, CYP1A1 mRNA and protein levels. 4-ClBQ-induced increase CYP1A1 expression was associated with an increase in the nuclear translocation of AhR protein as well as an increase in the luciferase-reporter activity of a human CYP1A1 xenobiotic response element (XRE). 6,2',4'-Trimethoxyflavone (TMF), a well-characterized AhR-ligand antagonist significantly suppressed PCB126-induced increase in CYP1A1 expression, while the same treatment did not suppress 4-ClBQ-induced increase in CYP1A1 expression. However, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of AhR significantly inhibited 4-ClBQ-induced increase in CYP1A1 expression, suggesting that AhR mediates 4-ClBQ-induced increase in CYP1A1 expression. Interestingly, treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine significantly suppressed 4-ClBQ-induced increase in CYP1A1 expression. Furthermore, CYP1A1 expression also increased in cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. These results demonstrate that a ligand-independent and oxidative stress dependent pathway activates AhR-signaling in 4-ClBQ treated HaCaT cells. Because AhR signaling is believed to mediate xenobiotics response, our results may provide a mechanistic rationale for the use of antioxidants as effective countermeasure to environmental pollutant-induced adverse health effects.
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89
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Fritsch EB, Stegeman JJ, Goldstone JV, Nacci DE, Champlin D, Jayaraman S, Connon RE, Pessah IN. Expression and function of ryanodine receptor related pathways in PCB tolerant Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from New Bedford Harbor, MA, USA. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 159:156-66. [PMID: 25546006 PMCID: PMC4300256 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) thrive in New Bedford Harbor (NBH), MA, highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Resident killifish have evolved tolerance to dioxin-like (DL) PCBs, whose toxic effects through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) are well studied. In NBH, non-dioxin like PCBs (NDL PCBs), which lack activity toward the AhR, vastly exceed levels of DL congeners yet how killifish counter NDL toxic effects has not been explored. In mammals and fish, NDL PCBs are potent activators of ryanodine receptors (RyR), Ca(2+) release channels necessary for a vast array of physiological processes. In the current study we compared the expression and function of RyR related pathways in NBH killifish with killifish from the reference site at Scorton Creek (SC, MA). Relative to the SC fish, adults from NBH displayed increased levels of skeletal muscle RyR1 protein, and increased levels of FK506-binding protein 12 kDa (FKBP12) an accessory protein essential for NDL PCB-triggered changes in RyR channel function. In accordance with increased RyR1 levels, NBH killifish displayed increased maximal ligand binding, increased maximal response to Ca(2+) activation and increased maximal response to activation by the NDL PCB congener PCB 95. Compared to SC, NBH embryos and larvae had increased levels of mtor and ryr2 transcripts at multiple stages of development, and generations, while levels of serca2 were decreased at 9 days post-fertilization in the F1 and F2 generations. These findings suggest that there are compensatory and heritable changes in RyR mediated Ca(2+) signaling proteins or potential signaling partners in NBH killifish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika B Fritsch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - John J Stegeman
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Jared V Goldstone
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Denise Champlin
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Saro Jayaraman
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; The Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA
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90
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de Solla SR. Exposure, Bioaccumulation, Metabolism and Monitoring of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Terrestrial Wildlife. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2015_450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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91
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Xu Y, Wei S, Qin Q, Hon-Wah Lam M, Giesy JP. AhR-mediated activities and compounds in sediments of Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China determined by in vitro bioassay and instrumental analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater concentrations of TCDD-EQs and lesser concentrations of TEQs were found and a gradual decrease of AhR potency was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- School of Civil Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
| | - Si Wei
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong, SAR
- China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- School of Civil Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Michael Hon-Wah Lam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong, SAR
- China
| | - John P. Giesy
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong, SAR
- China
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92
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Developmental exposure to purity-controlled polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB74 and PCB95) in rats: effects on brainstem auditory evoked potentials and catalepsy. Toxicology 2014; 327:22-31. [PMID: 25449634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the effects of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) are well described, less is known about non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs), including influences on the nervous system and related behavioral effects after developmental exposure. Following the examination of the highly purified NDL congeners PCB52 and PCB180, we report here the results of experiments with PCB74 and PCB95. Rat dams were orally exposed to equimolar doses of either congener (40μmol/kg bw - 11.68mg PCB74/kg bw or 13.06mg PCB95/kg bw) from gestational day (GD) 10 to postnatal day (PND) 7. Control dams were given the vehicle. Adult offspring were tested for cataleptic behavior after induction with haloperidol, a classical neuroleptic drug, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), using clicks and tone pips of different frequencies for stimulation. Results revealed slight effects on latencies to movement onset in female offspring exposed to PCB74, whereas PCB74 males and offspring exposed to PCB95 were not affected. Pronounced changes were observed in BAEPs at low frequencies in PCB74 offspring, with elevated thresholds in both sexes. PCB95 increased thresholds in males, but not females. Small effects were detected on latency of the late wave IV in both sexes after developmental exposure to PCB74 or PCB95. Compared with the other NDL-PCB congeners tested, PCB74 caused the most pronounced effects on BAEPs.
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93
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Mori C, Nakamura N, Todaka E, Fujisaki T, Matsuno Y, Nakaoka H, Hanazato M. Correlation between human maternal-fetal placental transfer and molecular weight of PCB and dioxin congeners/isomers. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:262-7. [PMID: 25113211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Establishing methods for the assessment of fetal exposure to chemicals is important for the prevention or prediction of the child's future disease risk. In the present study, we aimed to determine the influence of molecular weight on the likelihood of chemical transfer from mother to fetus via the placenta. The correlation between molecular weight and placental transfer rates of congeners/isomers of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins was examined. Twenty-nine sample sets of maternal blood, umbilical cord, and umbilical cord blood were used to measure PCB concentration, and 41 sample sets were used to analyze dioxins. Placental transfer rates were calculated using the concentrations of PCBs, dioxins, and their congeners/isomers within these sample sets. Transfer rate correlated negatively with molecular weight for PCB congeners, normalized using wet and lipid weights. The transfer rates of PCB or dioxin congeners differed from those of total PCBs or dioxins. The transfer rate for dioxin congeners did not always correlate significantly with molecular weight, perhaps because of the small sample size or other factors. Further improvement of the analytical methods for dioxin congeners is required. The findings of the present study suggested that PCBs, dioxins, or their congeners with lower molecular weights are more likely to be transferred from mother to fetus via the placenta. Consideration of chemical molecular weight and transfer rate could therefore contribute to the assessment of fetal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Mori
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, BBSC, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Emiko Todaka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Fujisaki
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuno
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakaoka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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94
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Nie H, Fu S, Dong Y, Yang Z. Polychlorinated biphenyls in respirable particulate matter from different industrial areas in northern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:210-218. [PMID: 25113204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As two typical industrial bases of China's great metropolises, Lingfen and Datong are affected by the steel industry, chemical plants, coal-fired power plants, and several coking plants, and face pollution from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the PCB concentrations in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 samples obtained in Lingfen and Datong. We collected 22 respirable particulate matter samples (11 of PM2.5 and 11 of PM2.5-10) from Lingfen and Datong, and measured a total of 144 PCB congeners. The total PCB concentrations were 5.92-38.7 pg m(-3) (median: 21.58 pg m(-3)) in PM2.5 and 1.83-40.8 pg m(-3) (median: 24.3 pg m(-3)) in PM2.5-10 in Linfen, and 4.33-18.5 pg m(-3) (median: 11.9 pg m(-3)) in PM2.5 and 13.0-47.4 pg m(-3) (median: 17.4 pg m(-3)) in PM2.5-10 in Datong. Of the PCB homologues, the dominant PCBs detected in the various media were all trichlorobiphenyls (tri-CBs). Moreover, the PCB distributions in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 samples were quite different in the two cities. This may be caused by the differences of the industrial structures, and their relatively unintentional release of PCBs in these cities. Source analysis revealed that the major PCB contaminants in Linfen and Datong were tri-CBs and di-CBs, which were possibly associated with unintentional release of PCBs. Toxic equivalency concentrations based on ten dioxin-like PCBs ranged from 4.0×10(-5) to 2.3×10(-3) pgWHO-TEQ m(-3) in Linfen, and 4.5×10(-4) to 2.6×10(-4) pgWHO-TEQ m(-3) in Datong. The presence of PCB pollution is a potential threat to the residents of Datong and Linfen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Nie
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 2871, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 2871, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 2871, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfang Yang
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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95
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Endocrine-disrupting actions of PCBs on brain development and social and reproductive behaviors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 19:134-44. [PMID: 25310366 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls are among the most well-studied endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) for their neurobehavioral effects, especially neurodevelopment and cognitive performance. In addition, past research has demonstrated effects of PCBs on circulating hormones and associated changes in reproductive behaviors. This article will focus on recent advances that have been made in characterizing developmental PCB effects on reproductive function, broader social and affective behaviors, and the neuroendocrine mechanisms behind such changes. In general, PCBs seem to inhibit reproductive function by suppressing multiple aspects of the associated hypothalamic circuitry. Additionally, PCBs may also reduce motivation for social behaviors and induce depressive-like symptoms via overall reductions in dopaminergic and glutamatergic functions in the limbic system. However, more work with human-relevant exposure paradigms is needed to fully support these conclusions.
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96
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Halm-Lemeille MP, Abbaszadeh Fard E, Latire T, Ferard JF, Costil K, Lebel JM, Bureau R, Serpentini A. The effect of different polychlorinated biphenyls on two aquatic models, the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the haemocytes from the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 110:120-128. [PMID: 24630249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the toxicity of different polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the haemocytes from the European abalone, Haliotis tuberculata. Using the algal growth inhibition test, the green algae median Effective Concentration (EC50) values ranged from 0.34μM for PCB28 to more than 100μM for PCBs 101 and 153. Considering the MTT viability test, the abalone EC50 values ranged from 1.67μM for PCB153 to 89μM for PCB28. Our results in contrast to previous observation in vertebrates did not show significant differences between the dioxin like- and non dioxin like-PCBs toxicities regardless of the model used. However, our results demonstrated that the toxicities of PCBs were species dependent. For example, PCB28 was the most toxic compound for P. subcapitata whereas PCBs 1, 180 and 153 were less toxic for that species. On the contrary, PCB153 was reported as the most toxic for H. tuberculata haemocytes and PCB28 the least toxic. To investigate the mode of action of these compounds, we used an in silico method. Our results suggested that PCBs have a non-specific mode of action (e.g., narcosis) on green algae, and another mode of action, probably more specific than narcosis, was reported for PCBs on the abalone haemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, UPRES EA-4258, INC3M FR CNRS 3038, SFR ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR des Sciences pharmaceutiques, Boulevard Becquerel, F-14032 Caen cedex, France.
| | - Elham Abbaszadeh Fard
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, UPRES EA-4258, INC3M FR CNRS 3038, SFR ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR des Sciences pharmaceutiques, Boulevard Becquerel, F-14032 Caen cedex, France; CNRS INEE, FRE3484 BioMEA, SFR ICORE, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, IBFA, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Latire
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; CNRS INEE, FRE3484 BioMEA, SFR ICORE, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, IBFA, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-François Ferard
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 CNRS, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57070 Metz, France
| | - Katherine Costil
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; CNRS INEE, FRE3484 BioMEA, SFR ICORE, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, IBFA, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; CNRS INEE, FRE3484 BioMEA, SFR ICORE, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, IBFA, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Ronan Bureau
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, UPRES EA-4258, INC3M FR CNRS 3038, SFR ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR des Sciences pharmaceutiques, Boulevard Becquerel, F-14032 Caen cedex, France
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; CNRS INEE, FRE3484 BioMEA, SFR ICORE, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, IBFA, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
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97
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Matsumoto R, Tu NPC, Haruta S, Kawano M, Takeuchi I. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations and congener composition in masu salmon from Japan: a study of all 209 PCB congeners by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:549-557. [PMID: 24820644 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We collected two subspecies of masu salmon: Oncorhynchus masou masou from four localities (southern Sea of Japan northward to Hokkaido) and O. masou ishikawae from upstream from Ise Bay close to a heavy industrial area. All 209 PCB congeners were analyzed using HRGC/HRMS. PCA ordination of congener concentrations divided data into three groups: (i) ssp. masou from Hokkaido, (ii) ssp. masou from the other regions and (iii) ssp. ishikawae. The highest ∑ PCB concentration (40.39 ng/wet wt) was in ssp. ishikawae followed by ssp. masou from southern waters; however the TEQdioxin-like PCBs was highest in ssp. masou from southern water (1.96 pg-TEQdioxin-like PCBs/g wet wt.) due to the high proportion of congener #126 in its complement (#126 has the highest toxic equivalency factor among congeners). There is likely a contamination source offshore in the southern Sea of Japan and/or along the migratory route of ssp. masou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Matsumoto
- Department of Life Environment Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Nguyen Phuc Cam Tu
- Department of Life Environment Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Department of Fishery Biology and Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Nong Lam University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Shinsuke Haruta
- Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Masahide Kawano
- Department of Life Environment Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Life Environment Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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98
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Sezmis AL, Birch G, Covaci A. Relationships between dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like biphenyls (dl-PCBs) congener concentrations in aquatic organisms from Sydney Estuary, Australia and physiology, spatial, seasonality, trophodynamic and life history traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:50-58. [PMID: 24840280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been considerable interest in hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their accumulative properties in aquatic organisms. Several factors, such as environmental concentrations (i.e. in sediment) and physiological characteristics of organisms determine species-specific accumulation patterns of POPs in marine animal tissue. The present study investigated factors that govern species-specific accumulation patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in a food web from Sydney Estuary (Australia). The results indicated that physiological characteristics, i.e. lipid %, spatial, i.e. distance from Homebush Bay (point source of POPs) and life history characteristics of the organisms, such as diet and home range, influence PCDD/F and dl-PCB tissue concentrations to a varying degree. For example, PCDD/F tissue concentrations increased with the presence of detritivorous diet, species with limited home range and close proximity to Homebush Bay. On the other hand, lipid %, piscivorous diet and close proximity to Homebush Bay were the main predictors causing increases in dl-PCB tissue levels. Distance from Homebush Bay was the only predictor affecting both PCDD/F and dl-PCB tissue levels at a similar rate, i.e. decreasing tissue concentrations as the distance increases from Homebush Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Laila Sezmis
- The Environmental Geology Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Gavin Birch
- The Environmental Geology Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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99
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Vazzana M, Reas G, Cammarata M, Arizza V, Ferrantelli V, Parrinello N. Aroclor 1254 inhibits the chemiluminescence response of peritoneal cavity cells from sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:498-502. [PMID: 24945575 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) affect the immune system of fish and could lead to a decreased disease resistance. The effects of Aroclor 1254, PCB mixtures, on the Diplodus puntazzo innate immunity were examined by assaying the zymosan stimulated chemiluminescence response (CL) of peritoneal cavity cells (PCCs) at various times (1, 24, 48 h and 1-4 weeks) from intraperitoneal injection of the xenobiotic (1 mg kg(-1) body weight). Controls were performed by assaying cells from medium-treated fish. Since the kinetic of the chemiluminescence response showed the highest peak at 25 min after the zymosan stimulation of the cells, the values found at that time were considered. The CL enhancement observed at 1 h after the treatment with xenobiotic was followed by a decreased response at 24 h and appeared to be lower at 1-4 weeks when compared to the CL response of the control, suggesting a protracted effect of PCBs on the peritoneal cavity. Since PCCs incubated in vitro for 1 h with 0.05 and 0.1 μg ml(-1) Aroclor showed an enhanced CL, the effect of the xenobiotic could be exerted on the cell responsiveness to zymosan. It is known that fish CL response of PCCs can be imputed to phagocyte (macrophages and neutrophils) activation, these cells and their responsiveness to zymosan can be used in immunotoxicology assay to monitor the fish health in polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Vazzana
- Dip. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Reas
- Dip. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Dip. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dip. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy; IEMEST - Istituto Euromediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Rocco Dicillo, 4, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicolò Parrinello
- Dip. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy
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100
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Eichbaum K, Brinkmann M, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hecker M, Giesy JP, Engwall M, van Bavel B, Hollert H. In vitro bioassays for detecting dioxin-like activity--application potentials and limits of detection, a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 487:37-48. [PMID: 24762647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Use of in vitro assays as screening tool to characterize contamination of a variety of environmental matrices has become an increasingly popular and powerful toolbox in the field of environmental toxicology. While bioassays cannot entirely substitute analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the increasing improvement of cell lines and standardization of bioassay procedures enhance their utility as bioanalytical pre-screening tests prior to more targeted chemical analytical investigations. Dioxin-receptor-based assays provide a holistic characterization of exposure to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) by integrating their overall toxic potential, including potentials of unknown DLCs not detectable via e.g. GC-MS. Hence, they provide important additional information with respect to environmental risk assessment of DLCs. This review summarizes different in vitro bioassay applications for detection of DLCs and considers the comparability of bioassay and chemical analytically derived toxicity equivalents (TEQs) of different approaches and various matrices. These range from complex samples such as sediments through single reference to compound mixtures. A summary of bioassay derived detection limits (LODs) showed a number of current bioassays to be equally sensitive as chemical methodologies, but moreover revealed that most of the bioanalytical studies conducted to date did not report their LODs, which represents a limitation with regard to low potency samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Eichbaum
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of the Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, SK S7N 5B3 Saskatoon, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- School of the Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, SK S7N 5B3 Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, SK S7N 5B3 Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biology and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Deptartment of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bert van Bavel
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Deptartment of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; School of Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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