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Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar NV, Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini L, Panzarini E, Rajkovic J, Tsouh Fokou PV, Azzini E, Peluso I, Prakash Mishra A, Nigam M, El Rayess Y, Beyrouthy ME, Polito L, Iriti M, Martins N, Martorell M, Docea AO, Setzer WN, Calina D, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:694. [PMID: 32714204 PMCID: PMC7347016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Long term exposure to increased levels of pro-oxidant factors can cause structural defects at a mitochondrial DNA level, as well as functional alteration of several enzymes and cellular structures leading to aberrations in gene expression. The modern lifestyle associated with processed food, exposure to a wide range of chemicals and lack of exercise plays an important role in oxidative stress induction. However, the use of medicinal plants with antioxidant properties has been exploited for their ability to treat or prevent several human pathologies in which oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes. In this review we discuss the diseases in which oxidative stress is one of the triggers and the plant-derived antioxidant compounds with their mechanisms of antioxidant defenses that can help in the prevention of these diseases. Finally, both the beneficial and detrimental effects of antioxidant molecules that are used to reduce oxidative stress in several human conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Elena Azzini
- CREA – Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- CREA – Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, India
| | - Youssef El Rayess
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marc El Beyrouthy
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Letizia Polito
- General Pathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine – DIMES, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kohlová M, Rocha S, Gomes Amorim C, de Nova Araújo A, Santos-Silva A, Solich P, Branco da Silva Montenegro MC. Doping Polysulfone Membrane with Alpha-Tocopherol and Alpha-Lipoic Acid for Suppressing Oxidative Stress Induced by Hemodialysis Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000046. [PMID: 32543121 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of free radicals by bioactive membranes used for hemodialysis treatment is an important topic due to the constant rise of oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular mortality by hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective solution that helps to solve this problem. Polysulfone membranes enriched with α-lipoic acid, α-tocopherol, and with both components are fabricated by spin coating. The antioxidant properties of these membranes are evaluated in vitro by determining the lipid-peroxidation level and the total antioxidant status of the blood plasma. The biocompatibility is assessed by quantifying the protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, complement activation, and hemolytic effect. All types of membranes show in vitro antioxidant activity and a trend to reduce oxidative stress in vivo; the best results show membranes prepared with a combination of both compounds and prove to be nonhemolytic and hemocompatible. Moreover, the membrane specific separation ability for the main waste products is not affected by antioxidants incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kohlová
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Rocha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes Amorim
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Alberto de Nova Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Petr Solich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
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Roy H, Nayak BS, Nandi S. Chitosan Anchored Nanoparticles in Current Drug Development Utilizing Computer-Aided Pharmacokinetic Modeling: Case Studies for Target Specific Cancer Treatment and Future Prospective. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1666-1675. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200203121241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Recently, in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, biopolymers are extensively used for
chemical and mechanical modifications of pharmaceutical dosage forms, which add novel properties, functions,
and applications. Structural modification of dosage form by polymers along with redesigning in pharmaceutical
and tissue engineering fields, presently being the center of analysis for the modern research world, which utilizes
the subtle instruments, precise research strategies and most significantly the excipients.
Method:
Recently, in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, biopolymers are extensively used for
chemical and mechanical modifications of pharmaceutical dosage forms, which add novel properties, functions,
and applications. Structural modification of dosage form by polymers along with redesigning in pharmaceutical
and tissue engineering fields, presently being the center of analysis for the modern research world, which utilizes
the subtle instruments, precise research strategies and most significantly the excipients.
Results:
The most remarkable point is that chitosan-drug conjugated nanoparticles (CDNP) can target cancer
affected cells with the least attempt to killing the neighbor host cell. It is already proved that the CDNP facilitate
the more drugs uptaking or cytotoxicity to a cancerous cell. This overcomes the dosage form designing problems
of complexity in the biological mechanism and cell specificity. A computer-aided pharmacokinetic study as well
as in-silico design with model fitting can provide the possible finding related to target selectivity and interaction.
The computer aided study also reduces time and could make the entire process much cheaper till today, very
few research has been reported, such as PyRx with AutoDock, response surface methodology and molecular
dynamic simulation in drug delivery for chitosan-drug conjugated nanoparticles.
Conclusion:
Therefore, cancer cell target-specific drug delivery using a natural biopolymer conjugate with a
computer-aided pharmacokinetic model will be the thirst area of future research. To get successful anticancer
drug formulation, in-silico pharmacokinetic modeling would minimize labor, and expenses, during and prior to
the experiment has been extensively discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harekrishna Roy
- Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769004, India
| | - Bhabani S. Nayak
- Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Salipur, Cuttack - 754202, Odisha, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University, Kashipur-244713, India
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Di Pierro E, Granata F. Nutrients and Porphyria: An Intriguing Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103462. [PMID: 32422947 PMCID: PMC7279006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyria refers to a group of fascinating diseases from a metabolic and nutritional standpoint as it provides an example of how metabolic manipulation can be used for therapeutic purposes. It is characterized by defects in heme synthesis, particularly in the erythrocytes and liver. Specific enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis directly depend on adequate levels of vitamins and minerals in the tissues. Moreover, micronutrients that are required for producing succinyl CoA and other intermediates in the Krebs (TCA) cycle are indirectly necessary for heme metabolism. This review summarizes articles that describe the nutritional status, supplements intake, and dietary practices of patients affected by porphyria, paying special attention to the therapeutic use of nutrients that may help or hinder this group of diseases.
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Travica N, Ried K, Hudson I, Sali A, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Gender Differences in Plasma Vitamin C Concentrations and Cognitive Function: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study in Healthy Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa038. [PMID: 32337476 PMCID: PMC7170048 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of investigations have highlighted the importance of vitamin C in maintaining brain health. Biologically, vitamin C has exhibited roles in neuromodulation, neurodevelopment, vascular support, and neuroprotection. Vitamin C's contribution to cognitive function in both cognitively intact and impaired cohorts has previously been assessed, with little focus on gender variability. OBJECTIVE The present study explored the interaction between gender and plasma vitamin C on cognitive performance, and the effect of different amounts of plasma vitamin C (adequate/inadequate) on various cognitive tasks by gender. METHODS This retrospective analysis was conducted in healthy adults (n = 80, female = 52, male = 28, 24-96 y) with a range of blood plasma vitamin C concentrations. Cognitive assessments included the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB) and 2 pen-and-paper tests, the Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R). Food-frequency questionnaires were used to elucidate dietary consumption. RESULTS After adjusting for a number of potential covariates such as age, number of prescribed medications and dose of vitamin C supplementation, results indicated a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between plasma vitamin C and gender on cognitive function, on both the computerized and pen-and-paper assessments. A novel finding was that the performance of males with inadequate plasma vitamin C was poorer on tasks involving components of memory (short/delayed), inhibition, and visual perception, whereas females presenting with inadequate vitamin C were more compromised on tasks involving psychomotor performance/motor speed. Additionally, females with adequate vitamin C concentrations exhibited higher performance than males on tasks involving recall, recognition, attention, and focus. CONCLUSIONS Further larger-scale investigations are required to establish a cause-and-effect relation and to elucidate whether differences in cognitive function between genders may be attributed to plasma vitamin C status.This trial was registered at https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369440&isReview=true as ACTRN12615001140549.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Travica
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Ried
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Torrens University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Irene Hudson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering, and Health, Mathematical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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56
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Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: an updated overview. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:651-715. [PMID: 32180036 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants had a growing interest owing to their protective roles in food and pharmaceutical products against oxidative deterioration and in the body and against oxidative stress-mediated pathological processes. Screening of antioxidant properties of plants and plant-derived compounds requires appropriate methods, which address the mechanism of antioxidant activity and focus on the kinetics of the reactions including the antioxidants. Many studies evaluating the antioxidant activity of various samples of research interest using different methods in food and human health have been conducted. These methods are classified, described, and discussed in this review. Methods based on inhibited autoxidation are the most suited for termination-enhancing antioxidants and for chain-breaking antioxidants, while different specific studies are needed for preventive antioxidants. For this purpose, the most common methods used in vitro determination of antioxidant capacity of food constituents were examined. Also, a selection of chemical testing methods was critically reviewed and highlighted. In addition, their advantages, disadvantages, limitations and usefulness were discussed and investigated for pure molecules and raw extracts. The effect and influence of the reaction medium on the performance of antioxidants are also addressed. Hence, this overview provides a basis and rationale for developing standardized antioxidant methods for the food, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplement industries. In addition, the most important advantages and shortcomings of each method were detected and highlighted. The chemical principles of these methods are outlined and critically discussed. The chemical principles of methods of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS·+) scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging, Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing power assay (Cuprac), Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCR assay), peroxyl radical (ROO·), superoxide radical anion (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical (OH·) scavenging assay, singlet oxygen (1O2) quenching assay, nitric oxide radical (NO·) scavenging assay and chemiluminescence assay are outlined and critically discussed. Also, the general antioxidant aspects of main food components were discussed by a number of methods, which are currently used for the detection of antioxidant properties of food components. This review consists of two main sections. The first section is devoted to the main components in the food and pharmaceutical applications. The second general section comprises some definitions of the main antioxidant methods commonly used for the determination of the antioxidant activity of components. In addition, some chemical, mechanistic and kinetic basis, and technical details of the used methods are given.
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The Impact of Health Resort Treatment on the Nonenzymatic Endogenous Antioxidant System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8423105. [PMID: 32089783 PMCID: PMC7016389 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8423105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Oxygen, reacting with organic compounds in living organisms, oxidizes them without being completely reduced due to numerous exogenous as well as endogenous factors. As a consequence, free radicals or reactive oxygen species are formed. Health resort-based balneophysiotherapy is a comprehensive therapeutic intervention that triggers positive therapeutic effects within the entire system. Material and Methods. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of health resort-based balneophysiotherapy on the levels of nonenzymatic endogenous antioxidants in patients with degenerative motor organ diseases, as well as to determine potential correlation of these changes with free radical-mediated processes. Observation was carried out in patients undergoing health resort therapy as part of 21-day stay periods. The study population consisted of n = 110 patients with articular and spinal pains due to degenerative diseases or discopathies.
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Tang P, Tang X, Mei S, Xie Y, Liu L, Ren L. Electrochemical antioxidant screening and evaluation based on guanine and chitosan immobilized MoS2 nanosheet modified glassy carbon electrode (guanine/CS/MoS2/GCE). OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, an electrochemical biosensor based on guanine and chitosan immobilized MoS2 nanosheet modified glassy carbon electrode (guanine/CS/MoS2/GCE) was developed and employed for antioxidant screening and antioxidant capacity evaluation. The oxidation peak current of guanine was improved and nearly tripled after modifications of chitosan and MoS2 nanosheet. The immobilized guanine could be damaged by hydroxyl radicals generated in Fenton solution. However, in the presence of antioxidants, the guanine was protected and the oxidation peak current of guanine increased. This process mimics the mechanism of antioxidant protection in human body. The factors affecting preparation of sensor and detection of antioxidant capacity were optimized. At the optimum conditions, the guanine/CS/MoS2/GCE showed wide linear range, low detection limit, satisfactory reproducibility and stability for detection. Ascorbic acid was used as a model antioxidant to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. A good linearity was observed with a correlation coefficient of 0.9959 in the concentrations between 0.5 and 4.0 mg L-1. The antioxidant capacities of three flavonoids were also tested and the rank of antioxidant capacities was ascorbic acid (51.84%), quercetin (45.82%), fisetin (34.39%) and catechin (16.99%). Due to the rapid measurement and low cost, this sensor could provide an available sensing platform for antioxidant screening and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Xiaosheng Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education & College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Shiyong Mei
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha410205, China
| | - Yixi Xie
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha410205, China
| | - Licheng Ren
- Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha410083, China
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Li OY, Wang L, Liu XY, Yin JY, Nie SP. Interactions between ascorbic acid and water soluble polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L.: Effects on polysaccharide physicochemical properties and stability. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Akyüz E, Başkan KS, Tütem E, Apak R. Novel Iron(III)−Induced Prooxidant Activity Measurement Using a Solid Protein Sensor in Comparison with a Copper(II)−Induced Assay. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1710180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esin Akyüz
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kevser Sözgen Başkan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Tütem
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ankamah E, Sebag J, Ng E, Nolan JM. Vitreous Antioxidants, Degeneration, and Vitreo-Retinopathy: Exploring the Links. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010007. [PMID: 31861871 PMCID: PMC7022282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transparent vitreous body, which occupies about 80% of the eye’s volume, is laden with numerous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that could protect the eye from oxidative stress and disease. Aging is associated with degeneration of vitreous structure as well as a reduction in its antioxidant capacity. A growing body of evidence suggests these age-related changes may be the precursor of numerous oxidative stress-induced vitreo-retinopathies, including vision degrading myodesopsia, the clinically significant entoptic phenomena that can result from advanced vitreous degeneration. Adequate intravitreal antioxidant levels may be protective against vitreous degeneration, possibly preventing and even improving vision degrading myodesopsia as well as mitigating various other vitreo-retinopathies. The present article is, therefore, a review of the different antioxidant molecules within vitreous and the inter-relationships between vitreous antioxidant capacity and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ankamah
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Co., X91 K236 Waterford, Ireland;
- Institute of Eye Surgery, UPMC Whitfield, Buttlerstown, Co., X91 DH9W Waterford, Ireland
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (J.M.N.)
| | - J. Sebag
- VMR Consulting Inc., Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA;
| | - Eugene Ng
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Co., X91 K236 Waterford, Ireland;
- Institute of Eye Surgery, UPMC Whitfield, Buttlerstown, Co., X91 DH9W Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M. Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Co., X91 K236 Waterford, Ireland;
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (J.M.N.)
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Simkin AJ. Genetic Engineering for Global Food Security: Photosynthesis and Biofortification. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E586. [PMID: 31835394 PMCID: PMC6963231 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demands for food and resources are challenging existing markets, driving a need to continually investigate and establish crop varieties with improved yields and health benefits. By the later part of the century, current estimates indicate that a >50% increase in the yield of most of the important food crops including wheat, rice and barley will be needed to maintain food supplies and improve nutritional quality to tackle what has become known as 'hidden hunger'. Improving the nutritional quality of crops has become a target for providing the micronutrients required in remote communities where dietary variation is often limited. A number of methods to achieve this have been investigated over recent years, from improving photosynthesis through genetic engineering, to breeding new higher yielding varieties. Recent research has shown that growing plants under elevated [CO2] can lead to an increase in Vitamin C due to changes in gene expression, demonstrating one potential route for plant biofortification. In this review, we discuss the current research being undertaken to improve photosynthesis and biofortify key crops to secure future food supplies and the potential links between improved photosynthesis and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew John Simkin
- Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, NIAB EMR, East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ, UK
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Sotler R, Poljšak B, Dahmane R, Jukić T, Pavan Jukić D, Rotim C, Trebše P, Starc A. PROOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON HEALTH. Acta Clin Croat 2019; 58:726-736. [PMID: 32595258 PMCID: PMC7314298 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.04.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article is focused on the impact of antioxidants and prooxidants on health with emphasis on the type of antioxidants that should be taken. Medical researchers suggest that diet may be the solution for the control of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular complications, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and different cancers. In this survey, we found scientific evidence that the use of antioxidants should be limited only to the cases where oxidative stress has been identified. This is often the case of specific population groups such as postmenopausal women, the elderly, infants, workers exposed to environmental pollutants, and the obese. Before starting any supplementation, it is necessary to measure oxidative stress and to identify and eliminate the possible sources of free radicals and thus increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borut Poljšak
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Nursing, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Health Ecology and Control, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Biomedicine in Health Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 5Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 6Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raja Dahmane
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Nursing, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Health Ecology and Control, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Biomedicine in Health Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 5Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 6Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Jukić
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Nursing, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Health Ecology and Control, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Biomedicine in Health Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 5Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 6Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Doroteja Pavan Jukić
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Nursing, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Health Ecology and Control, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Biomedicine in Health Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 5Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 6Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cecilija Rotim
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Nursing, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Health Ecology and Control, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Biomedicine in Health Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 5Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 6Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polonca Trebše
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Nursing, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Health Ecology and Control, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Biomedicine in Health Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 5Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 6Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Starc
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Nursing, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Health Ecology and Control, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Biomedicine in Health Care, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 5Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek, Croatia; 6Dr Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Department of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Olaniyan OT, Femi A, Iliya G, Ayobami D, Godam E, Olugbenga E, Bamidele O, Chand Mali P. Vitamin C suppresses ovarian pathophysiology in experimental polycystic ovarian syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:331-341. [PMID: 31564389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as the Stein-Leventhal syndrome is one of the most common causes of anovulation, infertility and hyperandrogenism in women, affecting between 5-10 % of women of reproductive age (12-35 years) worldwide. Despite substantial effort to define the cause of PCOS, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Consequently, determining the mechanisms of PCOS and the possible treatment is the major goal of medical research in endocrine and reproductive physiology. AIM To investigate the mechanism of ovarian metabolic changes in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary in Wistar rats treated with vitamin C. METHODS Twenty-eight immature female Wistar rats weighing (16-21 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7/group): group I served as control and was given water, group II were injected with DHEA (6 mg/100 g in 0.2 ml corn oil subcutaneously to induce PCOS condition), group III received 150 mg/kg BW of Vitamin C orally, group IV were co-administered with 6 mg/kg BW DHEA in 0.2 ml of corn oil subcutaneously and 150 mg/kg BW of Vitamin C orally. All treatments lasted for 15 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood samples and ovaries were collected for reproductive hormonal analysis, biochemical and histopathological analysis. The expressions of mRNA androgen receptor gene in the ovary were determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. All data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activity in the DHEA treated group compared with the control group. DHEA co-administration with Vitamin C showed a significant decrease in Malondialdehyde, cytokines and Estrogen and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in antioxidant and metabolic enzymes compared with DHEA treated group only. The histopathological evaluation demonstrates a reduction in cystic and atretic ovaries, increased expression of Bcl2 and E-Cadherin with a reduction in Bax expression in the group co-administered with DHEA and Vitamin C. The DHEA group showed overexpression of mRNA Androgen Receptor gene in the ovaries compared to the control group. CONCLUSION This study shows that Vitamin C plays a protective role against DHEA-Induced Polycystic Ovary in Wistar rats via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbemi T Olaniyan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Adebayo Femi
- Department of Physiology, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Gambo Iliya
- Department of Physiology, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Dare Ayobami
- Department of Physiology, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Elvis Godam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Eweoya Olugbenga
- School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of the Gambia, Gambia
| | - Okoli Bamidele
- Institute of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park, Sebokeng, South Africa
| | - Pratap Chand Mali
- Reproductive Biomedicine and Natural Product Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, India
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Phytochemicals in Daucus carota and Their Health Benefits-Review Article. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090424. [PMID: 31546950 PMCID: PMC6770766 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrots are a multi-nutritional food source. They are an important root vegetable, rich in natural bioactive compounds, which are recognised for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. This review summarises the occurrence, biosynthesis, factors affecting concentration, and health benefits of phytochemicals found in Daucus carota. Two hundred and fifty-five articles including original research papers, books, and book chapters were analysed, of which one hundred and thirty articles (most relevant to the topic) were selected for writing the review article. The four types of phytochemicals found in carrots, namely phenolics, carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and ascorbic acid, were summarised. These chemicals aid in the risk reduction of cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification, and anti-tumour properties. Numerous factors influence the amount and type of phytochemicals present in carrots. Genotype (colour differences) plays an important role; high contents of α and β-carotene are present in orange carrots, lutein in yellow carrots, lycopene in red carrots, anthocyanins in the root of purple carrots, and phenolic compounds abound in black carrots. Carotenoids range between 3.2 mg/kg and 170 mg/kg, while vitamin C varies from 21 mg/kg to 775 mg/kg between cultivars. Growth temperatures of carrots influence the level of the sugars, carotenoids, and volatile compounds, so that growing in cool conditions results in a higher yield and quality of carrots, while higher temperatures would increase terpene synthesis, resulting in carrots with a bitter taste. It is worthwhile to investigate the cultivation of different genotypes under various environmental conditions to increase levels of phytochemicals and enhance the nutritional value of carrot, along with the valorisation of carrot by-products.
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Edgar JA. L-ascorbic acid and the evolution of multicellular eukaryotes. J Theor Biol 2019; 476:62-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Siegfried CJ, Shui YB. Intraocular Oxygen and Antioxidant Status: New Insights on the Effect of Vitrectomy and Glaucoma Pathogenesis. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 203:12-25. [PMID: 30772349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations of partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the ocular anterior segment of human eyes and aqueous humor antioxidant levels of ascorbate (AsA) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) with glaucoma and vitreous status. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study stratified patients (n = 288 eyes) by lens and vitreous status and the presence of primary open-angle glaucoma for statistical analyses. Intraocular pO2 concentrations were measured using a fiberoptic probe in patients at the beginning of planned glaucoma and/or cataract surgery. Aqueous humor specimens were obtained for antioxidant analysis of AsA and TRAP. RESULTS Following prior pars plana vitrectomy, pO2 levels were significantly higher than in the reference group of cataract surgery in the anterior chamber angle (16.2 ± 5.0 vs. 13.0 ± 3.9 mm Hg; P = .0171) and in the posterior chamber (7.6 ± 3.1 vs. 3.9 ± 2.7 mm Hg; P < .0001). AsA and TRAP levels were significantly lower (1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5 mM, respectively; 403.3 ±116.5 vs. 479.0 ± 146.7 Trolox units, respectively; P = .004 and P = .024, respectively) in patients after vitrectomy. In patients with an intact vitreous, neither pO2 nor antioxidant status correlated with lens status or glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS Increased pO2 and antioxidant depletion following vitrectomy suggests an alteration of the intraocular oxidant-antioxidant balance. Our study links physiologic factors such as increased pO2 in the anterior chamber angle and the posterior chamber to decreased antioxidant levels in aqueous humor following vitrectomy. Oxidative stress/damage to the trabecular meshwork in such post-vitrectomy cases may contribute to intraocular pressure elevation and increased risk of glaucoma. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Siegfried
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Ying-Bo Shui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Ballaz SJ, Rebec GV. Neurobiology of vitamin C: Expanding the focus from antioxidant to endogenous neuromodulator. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104321. [PMID: 31229562 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is a water-soluble vitamin (C) found in all bodily organs. Most mammals synthesize it, humans are required to eat it, but all mammals need it for healthy functioning. AA reaches its highest concentration in the brain where both neurons and glia rely on tightly regulated uptake from blood via the glucose transport system and sodium-coupled active transport to accumulate and maintain AA at millimolar levels. As a prototype antioxidant, AA is not only neuroprotective, but also functions as a cofactor in redox-coupled reactions essential for the synthesis of neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine and norepinephrine) and paracrine lipid mediators (e.g., epoxiecoisatrienoic acids) as well as the epigenetic regulation of DNA. Although redox capacity led to the promotion of AA in high doses as potential treatment for various neuropathological and psychiatric conditions, ample evidence has not supported this therapeutic strategy. Here, we focus on some long-neglected aspects of AA neurobiology, including its modulatory role in synaptic transmission as demonstrated by the long-established link between release of endogenous AA in brain extracellular fluid and the clearance of glutamate, an excitatory amino acid. Evidence that this link can be disrupted in animal models of Huntington´s disease is revealing opportunities for new research pathways and therapeutic applications (e.g., epilepsy and pain management). In fact, we suggest that improved understanding of the regulation of endogenous AA and its interaction with key brain neurotransmitter systems, rather than administration of AA in excess, should be the target of future brain-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago J Ballaz
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador.
| | - George V Rebec
- Program in Neuroscience, Department Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
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Park SW, Ghim W, Oh S, Kim Y, Park UC, Kang J, Yu HG. Association of vitreous vitamin C depletion with diabetic macular ischemia in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218433. [PMID: 31216331 PMCID: PMC6583975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vitreous vitamin C, as an anti-oxidant, is responsible for regulating oxygen tension and oxidative stress in the eye. Oxidative stress and retinal ischemia are implicated in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In this study, we aimed to determine whether vitreous level of vitamin C is compromised in patients with PDR and to investigate the association of diabetic macular ischemia and vitamin C. Methods This prospective study enrolled forty patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of PDR (PDR group, n = 20) and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (control group, n = 20). Serum, aqueous humor, and the vitreous were collected for the analysis of vitamin C level by HPLC. Diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) in PDR group was evaluated with fluorescein angiography (FA). Results PDR patients (60.4 ± 2.1 y) were younger than non-diabetic control patients (67.4 ± 1.2 y). Serum, aqueous, and vitreous levels of vitamin C in PDR were 38.7%, 22.5%, and 11.1% of non-diabetic control group, respectively. All PDR patients had DMI (grade 1: 25%, grade 2: 30%, grade 3: 30%, grade 4: 15%). DMI grade was inversely correlated with the level of vitreous vitamin C (r = -0.546, P = 0.019), not with HbA1C, serum, or aqueous vitamin C level. In addition, the level of vitreous vitamin C (4.5 ± 2.6 μg/ml) in high DMI group (Gr 3 &4) was lower than that (31.0 ± 9.1 μg/ml) in low DMI group (Gr 1&2) (P = 0.015). Conclusions Vitreous level of vitamin C in PDR patients showed a tenfold decrease, which was associated with the degree of macular ischemia. This suggests that vitreous vitamin C depletion may cause macula ischemia in PDR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Retinal Degeneration Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhyung Ghim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Retinal Degeneration Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Oh
- Retinal Degeneration Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Chul Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Retinal Degeneration Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Retinal Degeneration Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Dulińska-Molak I, Pasikowska-Piwko M, Dębowska R, Święszkowski W, Rogiewicz K, Eris I. Determining the effectiveness of vitamin C in skin care by atomic force microscope. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1430-1437. [PMID: 31099952 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of experiments, which examine cell mechanisms with the goal of confirming the effective action of the active ingredients used in anti-aging cosmetics. Skin stiffness measurements with the use of an atomic force microscope on two forms of vitamin C (ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate and l-ascorbic acid) have been presented. The estimated Young's modulus for three types of cells (a control as well as cells treated with two forms of vitamin C) has shown significant differences in the stiffness of the tested cells which was confirmed in the histological staining experiment. The presented results indicate the dependence between collagen synthesis and the stiffness of cells treated with two forms of vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Dulińska-Molak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Dr Irena Eris Cosmetic Laboratories (DIECL), Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Pasikowska-Piwko
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Dr Irena Eris Cosmetic Laboratories (DIECL), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Dębowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Dr Irena Eris Cosmetic Laboratories (DIECL), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rogiewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Dr Irena Eris Cosmetic Laboratories (DIECL), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Eris
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Dr Irena Eris Cosmetic Laboratories (DIECL), Warsaw, Poland
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Macáková K, Catapano MC, Tvrdý V, Klimková K, Karlíčková J, Mladěnka P. Hematoxylin assay of cupric chelation can give false positive results. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:29-36. [PMID: 30732895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some compounds without apparent chelation sites have been shown to chelate cupric ions using the hematoxylin assay. Since these compounds also have reduction potential (direct antioxidant effect), the aim of this study was to determine the possible interference of reducing agents with the hematoxylin assay. Four different known reducing agents (hydroxylamine, vitamin C, trolox - a water-soluble form of vitamin E and reduced glutathione /GSH/) were selected for the study together with oxidized glutathione (GSSG) for comparison. All tested compounds behaved as cupric chelators in the spectrophotometric mildly competitive hematoxylin assay. In-depth analysis however showed that only GSH and GSSG were able to form complexes with both cupric and cuprous ions and only GSSG partly retained copper in its complexes in the more competitive bathocuproine assay. Further experiments showed that with the exception of GSSG, all other compounds reduce Cu2+ ions. Conclusion: Compounds reducing copper such as antioxidants can give false positive results in the hematoxylin-screening assay. GSSG is a stronger Cu chelator than GSH and does not reduce Cu, in contrast to the latter and thus may be a protective element after oxidation of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Carmen Catapano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Tvrdý
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Klimková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Han B, Kaur VI, Baruah K, Nguyen VD, Bossier P. High doses of sodium ascorbate act as a prooxidant and protect gnotobiotic brine shrimp larvae (Artemia franciscana) against Vibrio harveyi infection coinciding with heat shock protein 70 activation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:69-76. [PMID: 30445050 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate is an essential nutrient commonly regarded as an antioxidant. In this study, using axenic brine shrimp and pathogenic strain Vibrio harveyi as the host-pathogen model, we confirmed that pretreatment of sodium ascorbate (NaAs), at an optimum concentration, was a prooxidant by generation of hydrogen peroxide, inducing protective effects in the brine shrimp against V. harveyi infection. Such a protective effect could be neutralized by the addition of an antioxidant enzyme catalase. We further showed that generation of oxygen radicals is linked to the induction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which is involved in eliciting the antioxidant protection system including superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and possibly many other immune responses. Furthermore, using RNA interference technique, we found that the pretreatment of sodium ascorbate increased the survival significantly in the control knockdown groups (using green fluorescent protein, GFP) but not in Hsp70 knockdown groups and the result directly suggested that the up-regulated Hsp70 induced by sodium ascorbate pretreatment induced the protective effect. These results provide a mechanistic rationale for exploring the further use of ascorbate for antimicrobial therapy in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Vaneet Inder Kaur
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viet Dung Nguyen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Ferrazzo PC, Niccoli S, Khaper N, Rathbone CR, Lees SJ. Ascorbic acid diminishes bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteogenic differentiation of muscle precursor cells. Muscle Nerve 2019; 59:501-508. [PMID: 30623463 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muscle precursor cells (MPC) are integral to the maintenance of skeletal muscle and have recently been implicated in playing a role in bone repair. The primary objective of this study was to understand better the role of oxidative stress during the osteogenic differentiation of MPCs. METHODS Muscle precursor cells were treated with various combinations of ascorbic acid (AA), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, and either a superoxide dismutase analog (4-hydroxy-TEMPO [TEMPOL]) or polyethyleneglycol-conjugated catalase. Muscle precursor cell proliferation and differentiation were determined, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured as an index of osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS After treatment with 200 μM AA, superoxide was increased 1.5-fold, whereas AA in combination with 100 ng/ml BMP-2 did not increase alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. When cells were treated with TEMPOL in combination with 100 ng/ml BMP-2 and 200 μM AA, ALP activity significantly increased. DISCUSSION These data suggest that increasing oxidative stress with AA induces sublethal oxidative stress that prevents BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of MPCs. Muscle Nerve 59:501-508, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige C Ferrazzo
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 955 Oliver Road, Medical School Building, Room 2004, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Niccoli
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 955 Oliver Road, Medical School Building, Room 2004, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 955 Oliver Road, Medical School Building, Room 2004, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher R Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Simon J Lees
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 955 Oliver Road, Medical School Building, Room 2004, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Meng Z, Stolz RM, Mendecki L, Mirica KA. Electrically-Transduced Chemical Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2019; 119:478-598. [PMID: 30604969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrically-transduced sensors, with their simplicity and compatibility with standard electronic technologies, produce signals that can be efficiently acquired, processed, stored, and analyzed. Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene, phosphorene (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and others, have proven to be attractive for the fabrication of high-performance electrically-transduced chemical sensors due to their remarkable electronic and physical properties originating from their 2D structure. This review highlights the advances in electrically-transduced chemical sensing that rely on 2D materials. The structural components of such sensors are described, and the underlying operating principles for different types of architectures are discussed. The structural features, electronic properties, and surface chemistry of 2D nanostructures that dictate their sensing performance are reviewed. Key advances in the application of 2D materials, from both a historical and analytical perspective, are summarized for four different groups of analytes: gases, volatile compounds, ions, and biomolecules. The sensing performance is discussed in the context of the molecular design, structure-property relationships, and device fabrication technology. The outlook of challenges and opportunities for 2D nanomaterials for the future development of electrically-transduced sensors is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Robert M Stolz
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Lukasz Mendecki
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
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Rasouli H, Hosseini-Ghazvini SMB, Khodarahmi R. Therapeutic Potentials of the Most Studied Flavonoids: Highlighting Antibacterial and Antidiabetic Functionalities. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64181-6.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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76
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Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Parohan M, Zargar MS, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:701-716. [PMID: 30239557 PMCID: PMC6247336 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations of various dietary or circulating antioxidants with the risk of all-cause mortality in the general population have not been established yet. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Scopus, from their inception up to October 2017. Prospective observational studies reporting risk estimates of all-cause mortality in relation to dietary intake and/or circulating concentrations of antioxidants were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Forty-one prospective observational studies (total n = 507,251) involving 73,965 cases of all-cause mortality were included. The RRs of all-cause mortality for the highest compared with the lowest category of circulating antioxidant concentrations were as follows: total carotenes, 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.74); vitamin C, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.69); selenium, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.79); β-carotene, 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.70); α-carotene, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.78); total carotenoids, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.80); lycopene, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.97); and α-tocopherol, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.91). The RRs for dietary intakes were: total carotenoids, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.85); total antioxidant capacity, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.81); selenium, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.85); α-carotene, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.94); β-carotene, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.86); vitamin C, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.94); and total carotenes, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.97). A nonsignificant inverse association was found for dietary zinc, zeaxanthin, lutein, and vitamin E. The nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses demonstrated a linear inverse association in the analyses of dietary β-carotene and total antioxidant capacity, as well as in the analyses of circulating α-carotene, β-carotene, selenium, vitamin C, and total carotenoids. The association appeared to be U-shaped in the analyses of serum lycopene and dietary vitamin C. The present study indicates that adherence to a diet with high antioxidant properties may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality. Our results confirm current recommendations that promote higher intake of antioxidant-rich foods such as fruit and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Food (salt) Safety Research Center, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Parohan
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadat Zargar
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Departments of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Alhadlaq HA. Challenges facing nanotoxicology and nanomedicine due to cellular diversity. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:186-196. [PMID: 30291894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with cells from the perspective of major cellular differentiations. The structure and composition of cells reflect their role and function in a particular organ or environment. The normal differentiated-state and diseased cells may respond to NMs very differently. This review progresses with due care on nanotoxicology while emphasizing the potential of NMs in treating stress-associated disorders, including cancer and degeneration. The striking potential of NMs in inducing ROS, scavenging ROS, depleting cellular antioxidants, replenishing antioxidants, mimicking antioxidant enzyme activity, and modulating the immune system all show their considerable potential in treating cancer and other aging-associated disorders. It is now clear that NMs become more active and versatile when they come into contact with biological machinery, surprisingly in some cases, in a manner dependent on cell type. The mechanisms leading to the contrasting bioresponse of NMs ranging from toxicity to anticancer and from cell survival to carcinogenicity followed by their immuno-modulating potential show NMs to be a highly promising agent in biomedical therapy. This first-of-its-kind article seeks the challenges to be addressed that could provide a solid rationale in translating the promises of nanomedicine. A thorough understanding of normal and cancer biology could help to minimize the gap between basic and translational research in nanotechnology-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Haritoglou C, Maier M, Augustin A. Pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema – a background for current treatment modalities. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2018.1520634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Maier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Albert Augustin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
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79
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Vijayasankaran N, Varma S, Yang Y, Meier S, Kiss R. Effect of cell culture medium additives on color and acidic charge variants of a monoclonal antibody. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1298-1307. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharat Varma
- Late Stage Cell Culture, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Yi Yang
- Protein Analytical ChemistryGenentech, Inc.South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Steven Meier
- Late Stage Cell Culture, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Robert Kiss
- Late Stage Cell Culture, South San Francisco, CA 94080
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80
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Smirnoff N. Ascorbic acid metabolism and functions: A comparison of plants and mammals. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:116-129. [PMID: 29567393 PMCID: PMC6191929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is synthesised by eukaryotes, the known exceptions being primates and some other animal groups which have lost functional gulonolactone oxidase. Prokaryotes do not synthesise ascorbate and do not need an ascorbate supply, so the functions that are essential for mammals and plants are not required or are substituted by other compounds. The ability of ascorbate to donate electrons enables it to act as a free radical scavenger and to reduce higher oxidation states of iron to Fe2+. These reactions are the basis of its biological activity along with the relative stability of the resulting resonance stabilised monodehydroascorbate radical. The importance of these properties is emphasised by the evolution of at least three biosynthetic pathways and production of an ascorbate analogue, erythroascorbate, by fungi. The iron reducing activity of ascorbate maintains the reactive centre Fe2+ of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs) thus preventing inactivation. These enzymes have diverse functions and, recently, the possibility that ascorbate status in mammals could influence 2-ODDs involved in histone and DNA demethylation thereby influencing stem cell differentiation and cancer has been uncovered. Ascorbate is involved in iron uptake and transport in plants and animals. While the above biochemical functions are shared between mammals and plants, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is an enzyme family limited to plants and photosynthetic protists. It provides these organisms with increased capacity to remove H2O2 produced by photosynthetic electron transport and photorespiration. The Fe reducing activity of ascorbate enables hydroxyl radical production (pro-oxidant effect) and the reactivity of dehydroascorbate (DHA) and reaction of its degradation products with proteins (dehydroascorbylation and glycation) is potentially damaging. Ascorbate status influences gene expression in plants and mammals but at present there is little evidence that it acts as a specific signalling molecule. It most likely acts indirectly by influencing the redox state of thiols and 2-ODD activity. However, the possibility that dehydroascorbylation is a regulatory post-translational protein modification could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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81
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Synthesis and characterization of chitosan ascorbate nanoparticles for therapeutic inhibition for cervical cancer and their in silico modeling. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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82
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Magno S, Ceccarini G, Pelosini C, Jaccheri R, Vitti J, Fierabracci P, Salvetti G, Airoldi G, Minale M, Saponati G, Santini F. LDL-cholesterol lowering effect of a new dietary supplement: an open label, controlled, randomized, cross-over clinical trial in patients with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:124. [PMID: 29793488 PMCID: PMC5968477 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disorders and requires specific intervention through an adequate lifestyle (diet and physical exercise) and, if necessary, an appropriate drug treatment. Lipid-lowering drugs, although generally efficacious, may sometimes cause adverse events. A growing attention has been devoted to the correction of dyslipidemias through the use of dietary supplements. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid-lowering activity and safety of a dietary supplement containing monacolin K, L-arginine, coenzyme Q10 and ascorbic acid, named Argicolina (A), compared to a commercially available product containing monacolin K and coenzyme Q10, Normolip 5 (N). Methods This was a single center, controlled, randomized, open-label, cross-over clinical study enrolling 20 Caucasian outpatients aged 18–75 years with serum LDL-C between 130 and 180 mg/dL. Patients assumed two different dietary supplements (A and N) both containing monacolin K 10 mg for 8 weeks each, separated by a 4-week wash-out period. Evaluated parameters were: Total cholesterol (Tot-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinekinase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, brachial arterial pressure and heart rate, measured at the start and at the end of each treatment period. Safety was monitored through the study. Results LDL-C decreased by 23.3% during treatment with N (p < 0.0001) and by 25.6% during treatment with A (p < 0.0001); the LDL-C mean reduction was 36.4 (95% CI: 45,6–27,1) mg/dL during N treatment and 40.1 (95% CI: 49.2–30,9) mg/dL during A treatment. Tot-C decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) within each treatment period. HDL-C increase was negligible during A whereas it was significant during N. TG diminished markedly during A and not significantly during N. The difference between treatments was not statistically significant for all variables. No serious or severe adverse events occurred during the study. Conclusions Our results confirm the clinically meaningful LDL-C lowering properties of monacolin K. At variance with a supplement already in the market (N), the novel association (A) of monacolin K with L-arginine, coenzime Q10 and ascorbic acid also produces a significant reduction of triglycerides without significant effects on HDL. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03425630.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Magno
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Ceccarini
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Pelosini
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Jaccheri
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Vitti
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Fierabracci
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Salvetti
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Airoldi
- Studio Associato Airoldi Cicogna Ghirri, Via Manzoni 40, Milan, Italy
| | - M Minale
- ISPharm srl, Via Oberdan 43, Lucca, Italy
| | - G Saponati
- ISPharm srl, Via Oberdan 43, Lucca, Italy
| | - F Santini
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy.
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83
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Alqudah MAY, Alzoubi KH, Ma’abrih GM, Khabour OF. Vitamin C prevents memory impairment induced by waterpipe smoke: role of oxidative stress. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:141-148. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1474977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghida’a M. Ma’abrih
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Castanheira JRPT, Castanho REP, Rocha H, Pagliari C, Duarte MIS, Therezo ALS, Chagas EFB, Martins LPA. Paradoxical effects of vitamin C in Chagas disease. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:547-555. [PMID: 29733902 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi infection stimulates inflammatory mediators which cause oxidative stress, and the use of antioxidants can minimize the sequelae of Chagas disease. In order to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C in minimizing oxidative damage in Chagas disease, we orally administered ascorbic acid to Swiss mice infected with 5.0 × 104 trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi QM2 strain. These animals were treated for 60 days to investigate the acute phase and 180 days for the chronic phase. During the acute phase, the animals in the infected and treated groups demonstrated lower parasitemia and inflammatory processes were seen in more mice in these groups, probably due to the higher concentration of nitric oxide, which led to the formation of peroxynitrite. The decrease in reduced glutathione concentration in this group showed a circulating oxidant state, and this antioxidant was used to regenerate vitamin C. During the chronic phase, the animals in the infected and treated group showed a decrease in ferric reducing ability of plasma and uric acid concentrations as well as mobilization of bilirubin (which had higher plasma concentration), demonstrating cooperation between endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants to combat increased oxidative stress. However, lower ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange concentrations was found in the infected and treated group, suggesting that vitamin C provided biological protection by clearing the peroxynitrite, attenuating the chronic inflammatory process in the tissues and favoring greater survival in these animals. Complex interactions were observed between the antioxidant systems of the host and parasite, with paradoxical actions of vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R P T Castanheira
- Department of Parasitology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP 17519-100, Brazil
| | - R E P Castanho
- Department of Parasitology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP 17519-100, Brazil
| | - H Rocha
- Department of Parasitology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP 17519-100, Brazil
| | - C Pagliari
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - M I S Duarte
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - A L S Therezo
- Department of Pathology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP 17519-100, Brazil
| | - E F B Chagas
- Study Group on Aging and Obesity [GEEO], Marília University, Marília, SP 17519-100, Brazil
| | - L P A Martins
- Department of Parasitology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP 17519-100, Brazil.
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85
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Jaros A, Zasada M, Budzisz E, Dębowska R, Gębczyńska‐Rzepka M, Rotsztejn H. Evaluation of selected skin parameters following the application of 5% vitamin C concentrate. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 18:236-241. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaros
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Malwina Zasada
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Elżbieta Budzisz
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
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Kuciel-Lewandowska J, Gnus J, Pawlik-Sobecka L, Płaczkowska S, Kokot I, Kasperczak M, Paprocka-Borowicz M. The Assessment of the Integrated Antioxidant System of the Body in the Course of Radon Therapy: A Pilot Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6038106. [PMID: 29487870 PMCID: PMC5816895 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6038106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sources of Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) in the organism are the respiratory processes occurring in cells catalyzed by different enzymes. Operation of ROS is balanced by antioxidants, the compounds; although present in low concentrations, they significantly inhibit the degree of oxidation of particular molecules. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the integrated antioxidant system under the influence of radon therapy in osteoarthritis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observation included 35 patients suffering from degenerative joints and disc disease (mean age 56.5 years) undergoing radon water therapy and control group that consisted of 15 osteoarthritis patients (mean age 54.2) without contact with radon water. Before therapy and after 18 days of treatment, serum total antioxidant status (TAS) was assessed with the use of standard colorimetric assay. RESULTS In the study group, we observed trends to increase TAS concentration, whereas, in the control group, TAS concentration was decreasing. CONCLUSIONS (1) Radon waters treatment influenced the level of TAS of osteoarthritis patients treated with the radon water. (2) The change in TAS concentrations in the study group may be the result of low doses of ionizing radiation, but further studies on larger patient's groups are demanded. This study is registered with number NCT03274128.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Gnus
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lilla Pawlik-Sobecka
- Department of Professional Training in Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Płaczkowska
- Department of Diagnostics Laboratory for Teaching and Research, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Kokot
- Department of Professional Training in Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kasperczak
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Sikora M, Świeca M. Effect of ascorbic acid postharvest treatment on enzymatic browning, phenolics and antioxidant capacity of stored mung bean sprouts. Food Chem 2018; 239:1160-1166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Isocaloric Dietary Changes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Cardiometabolic Risk Individuals. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101065. [PMID: 28954437 PMCID: PMC5691682 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incorporates an extensive spectrum of histologic liver abnormalities, varying from simple triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and it is the most frequent chronic liver disease in the industrialized world. Beyond liver related complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, NAFLD is also an emerging risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Currently, lifestyle intervention including strategies to reduce body weight and to increase regular physical activity represents the mainstay of NAFLD management. Total caloric intake plays a very important role in both the development and the treatment of NAFLD; however, apart from the caloric restriction alone, modifying the quality of the diet and modulating either the macro- or micronutrient composition can also markedly affect the clinical evolution of NAFLD, offering a more realistic and feasible treatment alternative. The aim of the present review is to summarize currently available evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effects of different nutrients including carbohydrates, lipids, protein and other dietary components, in isocaloric conditions, on NAFLD in people at high cardiometabolic risk. We also describe the plausible mechanisms by which different dietary components could modulate liver fat content.
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89
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Rasouli H, Farzaei MH, Khodarahmi R. Polyphenols and their benefits: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1354017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rasouli
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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90
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Rabelo LM, Estrela FN, E Silva BC, Mendes BDO, Vaz BG, Rodrigues ASDL, Malafaia G. Protective effect of vitamin C in female Swiss mice dermally-exposed to the tannery effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:492-499. [PMID: 28460296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies involving the oral exposure of mice to tannery effluents have found neurotoxic effects. However, studies about the effects the dermal exposure to pollutant have on the cognitive function of females have not been found in the literature. Thus, the aim of the current study is to investigate whether the dermal exposure of female Swiss mice to tannery effluents (2 h/day for 20 days) can cause cognitive impairment, as it was already evidenced in male Swiss mice. Furthermore, based on the administration of vitamin C (before or after the exposure to the xenobiotic), the current study also aims to assess the protective effect of vitamin C in female Swiss mice dermally-exposed to the tannery effluent. Female Swiss mice exposed to the tannery effluent (without vitamin supplementation) have shown lower novel object recognition index during the test session of the novel object recognition task, and they have descended significantly faster from the inhibitory avoidance platform when they were compared to mice belonging to the other groups, therefore evidencing memory deficit. However, the test performance of females receiving vitamin C was similar to that of control animals. Thus, the current study confirms the initial hypothesis that the dermal exposure to the pollutant, even for a short period, causes cognitive deficit in female Swiss mice. The herein presented findings also provide evidence that the mechanisms of action of the tannery effluent in these animals are related to oxidative damages in specific brain regions directed to the formation of short memory to perform aversive and object recognition tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Martins Rabelo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Neves Estrela
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Bianca Costa E Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás - Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás - Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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91
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Vitamin C, Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070670. [PMID: 28654021 PMCID: PMC5537785 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence in mice models of accelerated senescence indicates a rescuing role of ascorbic acid in premature aging. Supplementation of ascorbic acid appeared to halt cell growth, oxidative stress, telomere attrition, disorganization of chromatin, and excessive secretion of inflammatory factors, and extend lifespan. Interestingly, ascorbic acid (AA) was also found to positively modulate inflamm-aging and immunosenescence, two hallmarks of biological aging. Moreover, ascorbic acid has been shown to epigenetically regulate genome integrity and stability, indicating a key role of targeted nutrition in healthy aging. Growing in vivo evidence supports the role of ascorbic acid in ameliorating factors linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, although evidence in humans yielded equivocal results. The neuroprotective role of ascorbic acid not only relies on the general free radical trapping, but also on the suppression of pro-inflammatory genes, mitigating neuroinflammation, on the chelation of iron, copper, and zinc, and on the suppression of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) fibrillogenesis. Epidemiological evidence linking diet, one of the most important modifiable lifestyle factors, and risk of Alzheimer's disease is rapidly increasing. Thus, dietary interventions, as a way to epigenetically modulate the human genome, may play a role in the prevention of AD. The present review is aimed at providing an up to date overview of the main biological mechanisms that are associated with ascorbic acid supplementation/bioavailability in the process of aging and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, we will address new fields of research and future directions.
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92
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Lee KE, Hahm E, Bae S, Kang JS, Lee WJ. The enhanced tumor inhibitory effects of gefitinib and L-ascorbic acid combination therapy in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:276-282. [PMID: 28693165 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite documentation of successful therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with lung cancer, the response rate of patients treated with this therapy remains low. The present study investigated whether L-ascorbic acid serves an adjuvant role in vitro when combined with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa®) in lung cancer cell lines. A total of three human lung cancer cell lines were used. The antiproliferative effects and changes in the cell cycle and expression of intracellular signaling molecules, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and protein kinase B (Akt), were measured in cells treated with gefitinib and/or L-ascorbic acid at various concentrations. When combined with gefitinib, L-ascorbic acid exhibited an additive effect on cell proliferation in all gefitinib-sensitive and gefitinib-resistant cell lines. A decrement of ~40% was observed with a low dose 0.5 mM L-ascorbic acid and gefitinib in the relatively gefitinib-resistant A549 cell line (85.6±5.4% with gefitinib alone vs. 52.7±7.3% with combination therapy; P=0.046). The downregulation of intracellular signaling cascades, including EGFR, Akt, Erk and Stat3, was also observed. L-Ascorbic acid serves an adjuvant role when administered in combination with gefitinib; however, the degree of inhibition of cell proliferation differs between lung cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Eun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Hahm
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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93
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McLeay Y, Stannard S, Houltham S, Starck C. Dietary thiols in exercise: oxidative stress defence, exercise performance, and adaptation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14:12. [PMID: 28465675 PMCID: PMC5408473 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance athletes are susceptible to cellular damage initiated by excessive levels of aerobic exercise-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whilst ROS can contribute to the onset of fatigue, there is increasing evidence that they play a crucial role in exercise adaptations. The use of antioxidant supplements such as vitamin C and E in athletes is common; however, their ability to enhance performance and facilitate recovery is controversial, with many studies suggesting a blunting of training adaptations with supplementation. The up-regulation of endogenous antioxidant systems brought about by exercise training allows for greater tolerance to subsequent ROS, thus, athletes may benefit from increasing these systems through dietary thiol donors. Recent work has shown supplementation with a cysteine donor (N-acetylcysteine; NAC) improves antioxidant capacity by augmenting glutathione levels and reducing markers of oxidative stress, as well as ergogenic potential through association with delayed fatigue in numerous experimental models. However, the use of this, and other thiol donors may have adverse physiological effects. A recent discovery for the use of a thiol donor food source, keratin, to potentially enhance endogenous antioxidants may have important implications for endurance athletes hoping to enhance performance and recovery without blunting training adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanita McLeay
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Stannard
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stuart Houltham
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlene Starck
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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94
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Iuliano L, Fogliato G, Querques G, Bandello F, Codenotti M. Retinal vascular changes after vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane: a pilot study with dynamic vessel analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:1325-1332. [PMID: 28337547 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate, using the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (DVA), the retinal vascular changes that may occur after vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). METHODS Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients affected by unilateral idiopathic ERM were prospectively analyzed. 13 fellow eyes were used as control. The static (central retinal artery and vein equivalents) and dynamic (after flicker light stimulus) DVA analysis was performed at baseline (1 day before surgery) and 6 months after vitrectomy. RESULTS The static DVA analysis did not highlight any significant change between investigational eyes and controls at baseline and 6 months after surgery. The DVA dynamic analysis showed similar arterial flicker response between cases and controls at baseline (p = 0.3396), but disclosed a significant reduction of the arterial flicker response after surgery in the study eyes compared to fellow eyes (p = 0.0024). No significant changes were appreciated in the venous flicker response after surgery between cases and controls, both at baseline (p = 0.3450) and at the follow-up examination (p = 0.4214). CONCLUSIONS The physiological flicker-induced vasoconstriction is reduced after vitrectomy in arteries. The oxygen saturation change occurring after vitrectomy might have a role in the vascular tone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Iuliano
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina, 60 - 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fogliato
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina, 60 - 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina, 60 - 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina, 60 - 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Codenotti
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina, 60 - 20132, Milan, Italy
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95
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New cofactors and inhibitors for a DNA-cleaving DNAzyme: superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide mediated an oxidative cleavage process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:378. [PMID: 28336968 PMCID: PMC5428237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the effects of new cofactors and inhibitors on an oxidative cleavage of DNA catalysis, known as a pistol-like DNAzyme (PLDz), to discuss its catalytic mechanism. PLDz performed its catalytic activity in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), in which Cu2+ promoted, whereas Fe2+ significantly inhibited the catalytic function. Since Fe2+/AA-generated hydroxyl radicals are efficient on DNA damage, implying that oxidative cleavage of PLDz had no relation with hydroxyl radical. Subsequently, we used Fe2+/H2O2 and Cu2+/H2O2 to identify the role of hydroxyl radicals in PLDz catalysis. Data showed that PLDz lost its activity with Fe2+/H2O2, but exhibited significant cleavage with Cu2+/H2O2. Because Fe2+/H2O2 and Cu2+/H2O2 are popular reagents to generate hydroxyl radicals and the latter also produces superoxide anions, we excluded the possibility that hydroxyl radical participated in oxidative cleavage and confirmed that superoxide anion was involved in PLDz catalysis. Moreover, pyrogallol, riboflavin and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase with superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation also induced self-cleavage of PLDz, where catalase inhibited but superoxide dismutase promoted the catalysis, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide played an essential role in PLDz catalysis. Therefore, we proposed a catalytic mechanism of PLDz in which superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide mediated an oxidative cleavage process.
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96
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Fernandes G, Barone AW, Dziak R. The effect of ascorbic acid on bone cancer cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1288335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fernandes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA
| | - Andrew W. Barone
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA
| | - Rosemary Dziak
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA
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97
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Grażyna C, Hanna C, Adam A, Magdalena BM. Natural antioxidants in milk and dairy products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cichosz Grażyna
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Czeczot Hanna
- Department of Biochemistry; I Faculty of Medicine; Medical University of Warsaw; ul. Banacha 1 02-097 Warszawa Poland
| | - Ambroziak Adam
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Bielecka Marika Magdalena
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
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98
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Karki K, Pande D, Negi R, Khanna RS, Khanna HD. An Assessment of Oxidative Damage and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants Status Alteration in Relation to Disease Progression in Breast Diseases. Med Sci (Basel) 2016; 4:medsci4040017. [PMID: 29083381 PMCID: PMC5635796 DOI: 10.3390/medsci4040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress markers in breast diseases by measuring the 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and total antioxidant status (TAS) alterations in relation to cell proliferation activity and disease progression. Significant increases in the level of the oxidative damage marker 8-OHdG and cell proliferation activity were observed in breast carcinoma patients in comparison to benign and normal controls, which were accompanied by a significant decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidants and TAS concentrations (p < 0.05). 8-OHdG and cell proliferation levels were negatively correlated with non-enzymatic antioxidants, namely, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E levels and total antioxidant activity. Altered levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress and cell proliferation activity among the malignant, the benign, and the controls suggest a correlation of increased oxidative stress and cell proliferation activity in the progression of disease in breast carcinoma patients. In conclusion, our results showed that the characterized biomarkers (i.e., low levels of vitamin A, C and D, and the TAS status; and high levels of 8-OHdG) could be used as a suitable method for detecting subjects with malignant and benign breast diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Karki
- Centre for Excellence for mountain Biology, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology, Haldi 263146, India.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Deepti Pande
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Reena Negi
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Ranjana S Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - H D Khanna
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Mogarekar MR, Dhabe MG, Gujrathi CC. The Paraoxonase 1 Arylesterase Activity, Total Oxidative Stress, Nitric Oxide and Vitamin C Levels in Maternal Serum, and Their Relation to Birth Weight of Newborn. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016; 66:327-32. [PMID: 27486277 PMCID: PMC4958076 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-015-0704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Aim of this study is to find out clinical relevance of estimating PON1 arylesterase activity, total oxidative stress (TOS), nitric oxide (NO), and vitamin C levels in maternal serum for prediction of birth weight of newborn. METHODS We have investigated the PON1 arylesterase activity, TOS, NO, vitamin C, total protein, and albumin levels in 56 postnatal clinic patients having newborn weighing <2500 gm (low birth weight) and compared with 56 postnatal clinic patients having newborn weighing >2500 gm. Samples were collected immediately after delivery. RESULTS PON1 arylesterase activity levels show significant decrease in cases as compared to controls (93.27 ± 13.76 kU/l vs. 112.77 ± 9.42 kU/l). Nitric oxide (nitrate + nitrite) levels are also found to be significantly decreased in cases with respect to controls (22.89 ± 2.65 umol/l vs. 24.73 ± 3.80 umol/l). Total oxidative stress is significantly increased in cases than in control subjects (23.34 ± 2.64 μmol H2O2 equiv./l vs. ± 21.43 ± 2.47 μmol H2O2 equiv/l). Vitamin C levels are also significantly decreased in cases as compared to controls (1.23 ± 0.25 mg/dl vs. 1.34 ± 0.28 mg/dl). Positive correlation between neonatal birth weight and maternal serum PON1 arylesterase activity (r = 0.682, p < 0.05) while negative correlation is obtained between neonatal birth weight and maternal serum oxidative stress (r = -0.478, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis is applied for assessing predictive utility which demonstrated a significant association of birth weight with PON1 arylesterase activity (AUC = 0.960, Naglekerke's R (2) = 0.793, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Decreased arylesterase activity and antioxidant vitamin C levels with increased total oxidative stress in maternal serum may be considered as the additional risk factors for the development of low birth weight newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Ramchandra Mogarekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Swami Ramanand Teerth Government Medical College, Ambajogai, 431517 Beed District, Maharashtra India
| | - Mahendra G. Dhabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Swami Ramanand Teerth Government Medical College, Ambajogai, 431517 Beed District, Maharashtra India
| | - Chanchal C. Gujrathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Swami Ramanand Teerth Government Medical College, Ambajogai, 431517 Beed District, Maharashtra India
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Kokten N, Egilmez OK, Dogan Ekici AI, Kalcioglu MT, Tekin M, Yesilada E. The effect of Nigella sativa oil on prevention of myringosclerosis in a Guinea pig model. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 88:52-7. [PMID: 27497387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, our aim was to identify the possible effects of Nigella sativa L. (NS) [blackcumin] seed oil on the prevention of experimentally induced myringosclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen Guinea pigs were used and they were divided into three groups. Tympanic membranes (TM) of all animals were perforated and then group I was treated with saline soaked gel foams as a control group, group II was treated with 0.5 ml NS oil soaked gel foams at 0, 24 and 48 h and group III was treated with 5 ml NS oil orally at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h. After 15 days, all animals were euthanized. Tympanic membranes were evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically. RESULTS Groups I showed extensive myringosclerosis in contrast to those of Groups II and III which had significantly less changes (p < 0.05). The fibrosis and inflammation in the lamina propria of the tympanic membranes of Groups I was found to be significantly more pronounced (p < 0.05). The tympanic membranes were found to be significantly thinner in Groups II and III when compared with Groups I (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that topical or oral administration of NS oil supressed the inflammation and fibroblastic activity in the lamina propria of the myringotomized TMs of the Guinea pigs. For providing further evidence to use plant extracts as antioxidant and antiinflammatory therapy after myringotomy or ventilation tube insertion, further clinical studies with larger population will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Kokten
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - A Isin Dogan Ekici
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Tayyar Kalcioglu
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Tekin
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Istanbul, Turkey
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