51
|
The 2013 FLEX—US Airborne Campaign at the Parker Tract Loblolly Pine Plantation in North Carolina, USA. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
52
|
Estimating Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters Using the Joint Fraunhofer Line Depth and Laser-Induced Saturation Pulse (FLD-LISP) Method in Different Plant Species. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
53
|
Modeling the Footprint and Equivalent Radiance Transfer Path Length for Tower-Based Hemispherical Observations of Chlorophyll Fluorescence. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17051131. [PMID: 28509843 PMCID: PMC5470807 DOI: 10.3390/s17051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a new tool for estimating gross primary production (GPP). Continuous tower-based spectral observations together with flux measurements are an efficient way of linking the SIF to the GPP. Compared to conical observations, hemispherical observations made with cosine-corrected foreoptic have a much larger field of view and can better match the footprint of the tower-based flux measurements. However, estimating the equivalent radiation transfer path length (ERTPL) for hemispherical observations is more complex than for conical observations and this is a key problem that needs to be addressed before accurate retrieval of SIF can be made. In this paper, we first modeled the footprint of hemispherical spectral measurements and found that, under convective conditions with light winds, 90% of the total radiation came from an FOV of width 72°, which in turn covered 75.68% of the source area of the flux measurements. In contrast, conical spectral observations covered only 1.93% of the flux footprint. Secondly, using theoretical considerations, we modeled the ERTPL of the hemispherical spectral observations made with cosine-corrected foreoptic and found that the ERTPL was approximately equal to twice the sensor height above the canopy. Finally, the modeled ERTPL was evaluated using a simulated dataset. The ERTPL calculated using the simulated data was about 1.89 times the sensor’s height above the target surface, which was quite close to the results for the modeled ERTPL. Furthermore, the SIF retrieved from atmospherically corrected spectra using the modeled ERTPL fitted well with the reference values, giving a relative root mean square error of 18.22%. These results show that the modeled ERTPL was reasonable and that this method is applicable to tower-based hemispherical observations of SIF.
Collapse
|
54
|
Multiangular Observation of Canopy Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence by Combining Imaging Spectroscopy and Stereoscopy. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9050415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
55
|
Du L, Shi S, Yang J, Wang W, Sun J, Cheng B, Zhang Z, Gong W. Potential of spectral ratio indices derived from hyperspectral LiDAR and laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence spectra on estimating rice leaf nitrogen contents. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:6539-6549. [PMID: 28381001 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.006539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimation of leaf nitrogen contents (LNCs) is essential for nutrition management in monitoring crop growth status. The aim of this study was to compare the potential of hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) and laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LIF) data in accurately predicting rice LNC. First of all, the intensity values of HSL at 694 and 742 nm and LIF at ~685 and ~740 nm were selected as the characteristic variables to analyze rice LNC using data collected in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Second, spectral indices derived from HSL (only) and LIF (only) were utilized to estimate LNC of rice, respectively. Third, a combined ratio indices (the ratio indices of reflectance to fluorescence and NDVI-based indices at the above four wavelengths) was developed and evaluated in estimating rice LNC. The statistical method of linking these spectral indices to rice LNC was the artificial neural network, which was to obtain the optimum performance in LNC estimation of rice. The results demonstrated that the combined ratio indices, especially the ratio of reflectance to fluorescence at ~740 nm, showed a moderate relationship with rice LNC (R2 = 0.736, 0.704, and 0.713 for the 2014 first experiment, 2014 second experiment, and 2015 experiment, respectively).
Collapse
|
56
|
Tseng MH, Lin KH, Huang YJ, Chang YL, Huang SC, Kuo LY, Huang YM. Detection of chlorophylls in spores of seven ferns. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:407-416. [PMID: 28050681 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fern spores were traditionally classified into chlorophyllous (green) and nonchlorophyllous (nongreen) types based on the color visible to the naked eye. Recently, a third type, "cryptochlorophyllous spores", is recognized, and these spores are nongreen under white light but contain chlorophylls. Epifluorescence microscopy was previously used to detect chlorophylls in cryptochlorophyllous spores. In addition to epifluorescence microscopy, current study performed some other approaches, including spore-squash epifluorescence, absorption spectra, laser-induced fluorescence emission spectra, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC-UV-MS) in order to detect chlorophylls of spores of seven ferns (Sphaeropteris lepifera, Ceratopteris thalictroides, Leptochilus wrightii, Leptochilus pothifolius, Lepidomicrosorum buergerianum, Osmunda banksiifolia, and Platycerium grande). Destructive methods, such as TLC and UHPLC-UV-MS, successfully detected chlorophylls inside the spores when their signals of red fluorescence under epifluorescence microscope were masked by spore wall. Although UHPLC-UV-MS analysis was the most sensitive and reliable for determining the chlorophylls of spores, spore-squash epifluorescence is not only reliable but also cost- and time-effective one among our study methods. In addition, we first confirmed that Lepidomicrosorium buergerianum, Leptochilus pothifolius, Leptochilus wrightii, and Platycerium grande, produce cryptochlorophyllous spores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hwei Tseng
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Huei Lin
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Huang
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lan Chang
- Dr. Cecilia Koo Botanic Conservation Center, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Cih Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yaung Kuo
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Moan Huang
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Massaiti Kuboyama Kubota T, Bebeachibuli Magalhães A, Nery da Silva M, Ribeiro Villas Boas P, Novelli VM, Bastianel M, Sagawa CHD, Cristofani-Yaly M, Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori D. Laser-induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIFS) for Discrimination of Genetically Close Sweet Orange Accessions ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:203-214. [PMID: 27402688 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816658668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although there is substantial diversity among cultivated sweet oranges genotypes with respect to morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits, very little variation at DNA level has been observed. It is possible that this low DNA molecular variability is due to a narrow genetic basis commonly observed in this citrus group. The most different morphological characters observed were originated through mutations, which are maintained by vegetative propagation. Despite all molecular tools available for discrimination between these different accessions, in general, low polymorphism has been observed in all groups of sweet oranges and they may not be identified by molecular markers. In this context, this paper describes the results obtained by using laser-induced fluorescent spectroscopy (LIFS) as a tool to discriminate sweet orange accessions ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) including common, low acidity, pigmented, and navel orange groups, with very little variation at DNA level. The findings showed that LIFS combined with statistical methods is capable to discriminate different accessions. The basic idea is that citrus leaves have multiple fluorophores and concentration depends on their genetics and metabolism. Thus, we consider that the optical properties of citrus leaves may be different, depending on variety. The results have shown that the developed method, for the best classification rate, reaches an average sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 97.5%, respectively. An interesting application of this study is the development of an economically viable tool for early identification in seedling certification, in citrus breeding programs, in cultivar protection, or in germplasm core collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Massaiti Kuboyama Kubota
- 1 Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- 2 Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valdenice M Novelli
- 3 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira of Instituto Agronômico (CCSM-IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinês Bastianel
- 3 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira of Instituto Agronômico (CCSM-IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia H D Sagawa
- 3 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira of Instituto Agronômico (CCSM-IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Gross Primary Production of a Wheat Canopy Relates Stronger to Far Red Than to Red Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
59
|
Distinguishing Bovine Fecal Matter on Spinach Leaves Using Field Spectroscopy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6090246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
60
|
Yang J, Du L, Sun J, Zhang Z, Chen B, Shi S, Gong W, Song S. Estimating the leaf nitrogen content of paddy rice by using the combined reflectance and laser-induced fluorescence spectra. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:19354-19365. [PMID: 27557214 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.019354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Paddy rice is one of the most important crops in China, and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) serves as a significant indictor for monitoring crop status. A reliable method is needed for precise and fast quantification of LNC. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology and reflectance spectra of crops are widely used to monitor leaf biochemical content. However, comparison between the fluorescence and reflectance spectra has been rarely investigated in the monitoring of LNC. In this study, the performance of the fluorescence and reflectance spectra for LNC estimation was discussed based on principal component analysis (PCA) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN). The combination of fluorescence and reflectance spectra was also proposed to monitor paddy rice LNC. The fluorescence and reflectance spectra exhibited a high degree of multi-collinearity. About 95.38%, and 97.76% of the total variance included in the spectra were efficiently extracted by using the first three PCs in PCA. The BPNN was implemented for LNC prediction based on new variables calculated using PCA. The experimental results demonstrated that the fluorescence spectra (R2 = 0.810, 0.804 for 2014 and 2015, respectively) are superior to the reflectance spectra (R2 = 0.721, 0.671 for 2014 and 2015, respectively) for estimating LNC based on the PCA-BPNN model. The proposed combination of fluorescence and reflectance spectra can greatly improve the accuracy of LNC estimation (R2 = 0.912, 0.890 for 2014 and 2015, respectively).
Collapse
|
61
|
Maršálová L, Vítámvás P, Hynek R, Prášil IT, Kosová K. Proteomic Response of Hordeum vulgare cv. Tadmor and Hordeum marinum to Salinity Stress: Similarities and Differences between a Glycophyte and a Halophyte. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1154. [PMID: 27536311 PMCID: PMC4971088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Response to a high salinity treatment of 300 mM NaCl was studied in a cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare Syrian cultivar Tadmor and in a halophytic wild barley H. marinum. Differential salinity tolerance of H. marinum and H. vulgare is underlied by qualitative and quantitative differences in proteins involved in a variety of biological processes. The major aim was to identify proteins underlying differential salinity tolerance between the two barley species. Analyses of plant water content, osmotic potential and accumulation of proline and dehydrin proteins under high salinity revealed a relatively higher water saturation deficit in H. marinum than in H. vulgare while H. vulgare had lower osmotic potential corresponding with high levels of proline and dehydrins. Analysis of proteins soluble upon boiling isolated from control and salt-treated crown tissues revealed similarities as well as differences between H. marinum and H. vulgare. The similar salinity responses of both barley species lie in enhanced levels of stress-protective proteins such as defense-related proteins from late-embryogenesis abundant family, several chaperones from heat shock protein family, and others such as GrpE. However, there have also been found significant differences between H. marinum and H. vulgare salinity response indicating an active stress acclimation in H. marinum while stress damage in H. vulgare. An active acclimation to high salinity in H. marinum is underlined by enhanced levels of several stress-responsive transcription factors from basic leucine zipper and nascent polypeptide-associated complex families. In salt-treated H. marinum, enhanced levels of proteins involved in energy metabolism such as glycolysis, ATP metabolism, and photosynthesis-related proteins indicate an active acclimation to enhanced energy requirements during an establishment of novel plant homeostasis. In contrast, changes at proteome level in salt-treated H. vulgare indicate plant tissue damage as revealed by enhanced levels of proteins involved in proteasome-dependent protein degradation and proteins related to apoptosis. The results of proteomic analysis clearly indicate differential responses to high salinity and provide more profound insight into biological mechanisms underlying salinity response between two barley species with contrasting salinity tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Maršálová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vítámvás
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Hynek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilja T. Prášil
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Kosová
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Pinto F, Damm A, Schickling A, Panigada C, Cogliati S, Müller-Linow M, Balvora A, Rascher U. Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from high-resolution imaging spectroscopy data to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of photosynthetic function in crop canopies. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1500-12. [PMID: 26763162 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Passive detection of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) using spectroscopy has been proposed as a proxy to quantify changes in photochemical efficiency at canopy level under natural light conditions. In this study, we explored the use of imaging spectroscopy to quantify spatio-temporal dynamics of SIF within crop canopies and its sensitivity to track patterns of photosynthetic activity originating from the interaction between vegetation structure and incoming radiation as well as variations in plant function. SIF was retrieved using the Fraunhofer Line Depth (FLD) principle from imaging spectroscopy data acquired at different time scales a few metres above several crop canopies growing under natural illumination. We report the first maps of canopy SIF in high spatial resolution. Changes of SIF were monitored at different time scales ranging from quick variations under induced stress conditions to seasonal dynamics. Natural changes were primarily determined by varying levels and distribution of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). However, this relationship changed throughout the day demonstrating an additional physiological component modulating spatio-temporal patterns of SIF emission. We successfully used detailed SIF maps to track changes in the canopy's photochemical activity under field conditions, providing a new tool to evaluate complex patterns of photosynthesis within the canopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pinto
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Damm
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Schickling
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Cinzia Panigada
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Science (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Cogliati
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Science (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Müller-Linow
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Agim Balvora
- INRES-Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Experimental Station of University of Bonn in Klein-Altendorf, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zhao G, Duan Z, Ming L, Li Y, Chen R, Hu J, Svanberg S, Han Y. Reflectance and fluorescence characterization of maize species using field laboratory measurements and lidar remote sensing. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:5273-5279. [PMID: 27409221 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.005273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence is an important technique to study photosynthesis and plants. Information on chlorophyll and other pigments can be obtained. We have been using a mobile laboratory in a Chinese experimental farm setting to study maize (Zea mays L.) leaves by reflectance and fluorescence measurements and correlated the spectroscopic signals to the amount of fertilizer supplied. Further, we studied five different species of maize using the remote monitoring of the fluorescence signatures obtained with the same mobile laboratory, but now in a laser radar remote-sensing configuration. The system separation from the target area was 50 m, and 355 nm pulsed excitation using the frequency-tripled output from an Nd:YAG laser was employed. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were combined to identify the different maize species using their fluorescence spectra. Likewise, the spectral signatures in reflectance and fluorescence frequently allowed us to separate different fertilizer levels applied to plants of the same species.
Collapse
|
64
|
Cabrita MT, Gameiro C, Utkin AB, Duarte B, Caçador I, Cartaxana P. Photosynthetic pigment laser-induced fluorescence indicators for the detection of changes associated with trace element stress in the diatom model species Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:285. [PMID: 27075310 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work reports changes on cell number, growth rate, trace element content, chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoid concentrations, and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of Phaeodactylum tricornutum exposed to Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, and a mixture of all elements combined (Mix). The total levels of trace elements associated with the cells were significantly higher in the exposed than in control ones. Concomitantly, specific cell growth was significantly lower in exposed P. tricornutum, suggesting that trace elements affected the microalgae physiology. The LIF emission spectra showed two typical emission bands in red (683-698 nm) and far-red (725-730 nm) regions. Deviations in LIF spectra and changes in F685/F735 ratio were investigated as indicators of trace element-induced changes. Fluorescence intensity emitted by exposed microalgae decreased in far-red region when compared to control cells, suggesting Chl a damage and impairment of pigment biosynthesis pathways by trace elements, confirmed by Chl a and carotenoid concentration decrease. Significant increase in F685/F735 ratio was detected for all elements except Zn and more accentuated for Co, Hg, and Mix. Significant deviations in wavelength emission maxima in red region were also more significant (between 8 and 13 nm) for Co, Hg, and Mix. Growth changes agreed with deviations in LIF spectra and F685/F735 ratio, supporting their applicability as indicators. This study clearly shows F685/F735 ratio and the deviations in wavelength emission maxima as adequate trace element stress indicators and P. tricornutum as a promising biomonitor model species. LIF-based techniques can be used as time-saving, highly sensitive, and effective alternative tool for the detection of trace element stress, with potential for remote sensing and trace element contamination screening in marine coastal areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Av. de Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carla Gameiro
- Centro de Ciências do Mar e Ambiente (MARE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrei B Utkin
- INOV-INESC, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029, Lisboa, Portugal
- ICEMS, IST, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- Centro de Ciências do Mar e Ambiente (MARE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- Centro de Ciências do Mar e Ambiente (MARE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Svanberg S, Zhao G, Zhang H, Huang J, Lian M, Li T, Zhu S, Li Y, Duan Z, Lin H, Svanberg K. Laser spectroscopy applied to environmental, ecological, food safety, and biomedical research. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A515-A527. [PMID: 27136872 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser spectroscopy provides many possibilities for multi-disciplinary applications in environmental monitoring, in the ecological field, for food safety investigations, and in biomedicine. The paper gives several examples of the power of multi-disciplinary applications of laser spectroscopy as pursued in our research group. The studies utilize mostly similar and widely applicable spectroscopic approaches. Air pollution and vegetation monitoring by lidar techniques, as well as agricultural pest insect monitoring and classification by elastic scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy are described. Biomedical aspects include food safety applications and medical diagnostics of sinusitis and otitis, with strong connection to the abatement of antibiotics resistance development.
Collapse
|
66
|
Kummerová M, Zezulka Š, Babula P, Tříska J. Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 302:351-361. [PMID: 26476323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lemna minor is often used in environmental risk assessment and it can be supposed that usually evaluated parameters will be reliable even for assessing the risk of pharmaceuticals. Subtle changes in duckweed plant number, biomass production, and leaf area size induced by 10-day-exposure to diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCT) (0.1, 10, and 100 μg/L), excepting 100 μg/L DCF, are in contrast with considerable changes on biochemical and histochemical level. Both drugs caused a decrease in content of photosynthetic pigments (by up to 50%), an increase in non-photochemical quenching (by 65%) and decrease in relative chlorophyll fluorescence decay values (by up to 90% with DCF). Both DCF and especially PCT increased amount of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in roots. DCF-induced effects included mainly increased lipid peroxidation (by 78%), disturbation in membrane integrity and lowering both oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase activities (by 30%). PCT increased the content of soluble proteins and phenolics. Higher concentrations of both DCF and PCT increased the levels of oxidised ascorbate (by 30%) and oxidised thiols (by up to 84% with DCF). Glutathion-reductase activity was elevated by both pharmaceuticals (nearly by 90%), glutathion-S-transferase activity increased mainly with PCT (by 22%). The early and sensitive indicators of DCF and PCT phytotoxicity stress in duckweed are mainly the changes in biochemical processes, connected with activation of defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kummerová
- Institute of Experimental Biology-Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Štěpán Zezulka
- Institute of Experimental Biology-Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Tříska
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotope Analyses, Global Change Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Cendrero-Mateo MP, Moran MS, Papuga SA, Thorp KR, Alonso L, Moreno J, Ponce-Campos G, Rascher U, Wang G. Plant chlorophyll fluorescence: active and passive measurements at canopy and leaf scales with different nitrogen treatments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:275-86. [PMID: 26482242 PMCID: PMC4682433 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Most studies assessing chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) have examined leaf responses to environmental stress conditions using active techniques. Alternatively, passive techniques are able to measure ChlF at both leaf and canopy scales. However, the measurement principles of both techniques are different, and only a few datasets concerning the relationships between them are reported in the literature. In this study, we investigated the potential for interchanging ChlF measurements using active techniques with passive measurements at different temporal and spatial scales. The ultimate objective was to determine the limits within which active and passive techniques are comparable. The results presented in this study showed that active and passive measurements were highly correlated over the growing season across nitrogen treatments at both canopy and leaf-average scale. At the single-leaf scale, the seasonal relation between techniques was weaker, but still significant. The variability within single-leaf measurements was largely related to leaf heterogeneity associated with variations in CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance, and less so to variations in leaf chlorophyll content, leaf size or measurement inputs (e.g. light reflected and emitted by the leaf and illumination conditions and leaf spectrum). This uncertainty was exacerbated when single-leaf analysis was limited to a particular day rather than the entire season. We concluded that daily measurements of active and passive ChlF at the single-leaf scale are not comparable. However, canopy and leaf-average active measurements can be used to better understand the daily and seasonal behaviour of passive ChlF measurements. In turn, this can be used to better estimate plant photosynthetic capacity and therefore to provide improved information for crop management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Cendrero-Mateo
- Soil Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1177 East Fourth Street, Tucson 85721, USA USDA Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - M Susan Moran
- USDA Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Shirley A Papuga
- Soil Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1177 East Fourth Street, Tucson 85721, USA School of Natural Resources, The University of Arizona, 325 Biosciences East, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - K R Thorp
- USDA Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - L Alonso
- Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de Valencia Catedratico A. Escardino - 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de Valencia Catedratico A. Escardino - 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Ponce-Campos
- USDA Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - U Rascher
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - G Wang
- Bridgestone Americas Agricultural Operations, 4140W. Harmon Rd., Eloy, AZ 85131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Lee JE, Berry JA, van der Tol C, Yang X, Guanter L, Damm A, Baker I, Frankenberg C. Simulations of chlorophyll fluorescence incorporated into the Community Land Model version 4. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3469-77. [PMID: 25881891 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that satellite retrievals of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provide useful information on terrestrial photosynthesis or gross primary production (GPP). Here, we have incorporated equations coupling SIF to photosynthesis in a land surface model, the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Land Model version 4 (NCAR CLM4), and have demonstrated its use as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the calculation of photosynthesis, a key process in a land surface model that strongly influences the carbon, water, and energy cycles. By comparing forward simulations of SIF, essentially as a byproduct of photosynthesis, in CLM4 with observations of actual SIF, it is possible to check whether the model is accurately representing photosynthesis and the processes coupled to it. We provide some background on how SIF is coupled to photosynthesis, describe how SIF was incorporated into CLM4, and demonstrate that our simulated relationship between SIF and GPP values are reasonable when compared with satellite (Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite; GOSAT) and in situ flux-tower measurements. CLM4 overestimates SIF in tropical forests, and we show that this error can be corrected by adjusting the maximum carboxylation rate (Vmax ) specified for tropical forests in CLM4. Our study confirms that SIF has the potential to improve photosynthesis simulation and thereby can play a critical role in improving land surface and carbon cycle models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, P.O. Box 1846 324, Brook Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, The University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christiaan van der Tol
- Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, The University of Twente, P.O. Box 6-7500 AA, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, P.O. Box 1846 324, Brook Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Luis Guanter
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg Building A 17, Room 20.22, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Damm
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Irchel Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian Baker
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1371, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Tubuxin B, Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran P, Ginnan Y, Hosoi F, Omasa K. Estimating chlorophyll content and photochemical yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements at different growing stages of attached leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5595-603. [PMID: 26071530 PMCID: PMC4585421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the possibility of measuring chlorophyll (Chl) content and Chl fluorescence parameters by the solar-induced Chl fluorescence (SIF) method using the Fraunhofer line depth (FLD) principle, and compares the results with the standard measurement methods. A high-spectral resolution HR2000+ and an ordinary USB4000 spectrometer were used to measure leaf reflectance under solar and artificial light, respectively, to estimate Chl fluorescence. Using leaves of Capsicum annuum cv. 'Sven' (paprika), the relationships between the Chl content and the steady-state Chl fluorescence near oxygen absorption bands of O2B (686nm) and O2A (760nm), measured under artificial and solar light at different growing stages of leaves, were evaluated. The Chl fluorescence yields of ΦF 686nm/ΦF 760nm ratios obtained from both methods correlated well with the Chl content (steady-state solar light: R(2) = 0.73; artificial light: R(2) = 0.94). The SIF method was less accurate for Chl content estimation when Chl content was high. The steady-state solar-induced Chl fluorescence yield ratio correlated very well with the artificial-light-induced one (R(2) = 0.84). A new methodology is then presented to estimate photochemical yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) from the SIF measurements, which was verified against the standard Chl fluorescence measurement method (pulse-amplitude modulated method). The high coefficient of determination (R(2) = 0.74) between the ΦPSII of the two methods shows that photosynthesis process parameters can be successfully estimated using the presented methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayaer Tubuxin
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Parinaz Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan School of Forest Resources, The University of Maine, 5557 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Yusaku Ginnan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Fumiki Hosoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Kenji Omasa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
New Spectral Fitting Method for Full-Spectrum Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Retrieval Based on Principal Components Analysis. REMOTE SENSING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/rs70810626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
71
|
Lagorio MG, Cordon GB, Iriel A. Reviewing the relevance of fluorescence in biological systems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1538-59. [PMID: 26103563 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence is emitted by diverse living organisms. The analysis and interpretation of these signals may give information about their physiological state, ways of communication among species and the presence of specific chemicals. In this manuscript we review the state of the art in the research on the fluorescence emitted by plant leaves, fruits, flowers, avians, butterflies, beetles, dragonflies, millipedes, cockroaches, bees, spiders, scorpions and sea organisms and discuss its relevance in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gabriela Lagorio
- INQUIMAE/D.Q.I.A y Q.F. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
An irradiation density dependent energy relaxation in plant photosystem II antenna assembly. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:286-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
73
|
Fifty-Five Years of Research on Photosynthesis, Chloroplasts, and Stress Physiology of Plants: 1958–2013. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08807-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
74
|
Study the effect of insecticide dimethoate on photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic activity of pigeon pea: Laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 151:297-305. [PMID: 25228224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pigeon pea is one of the most important legume crops in India and dimethoate is a widely used insecticide in various crop plants. We studied the effect of dimethoate on growth and photosynthetic activity of pigeon pea plants over a short and long term exposure. Plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence response of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) plants treated with various concentrations of the insecticide dimethoate (10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm) have been compared for 30 days at regular intervals of 10 days each. Laser induced chlorophyll fluorescence spectra and fluorescence-induction kinetics (FIK) curve of dimethoate treated pigeon pea plants were recorded after 10, 20 and 30 days of treatment. Fluorescence intensity ratio at the two fluorescence maxima (F685/F730) was calculated by evaluating curve-fitted parameters. The variable chlorophyll fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd) was determined from the FIK curves. Our study revealed that after 10 days of treatment, 10 ppm of dimethoate showed stimulatory response whereas 20, 40 and 80 ppm of dimethoate showed inhibitory response for growth and photosynthetic activity of pigeon pea plants, but after 20 and 30 days of treatment all the tested concentrations of dimethoate became inhibitory. This study clearly shows that dimethoate is highly toxic to the pigeon pea plant, even at very low concentration (10 ppm), if used for a prolonged duration. Our study may thus be helpful in determining the optimal dose of dimethoate in agricultural practices.
Collapse
|
75
|
Wu R, Wang T, McGie T, Voogd C, Allan AC, Hellens RP, Varkonyi-Gasic E. Overexpression of the kiwifruit SVP3 gene affects reproductive development and suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis in petals, but has no effect on vegetative growth, dormancy, or flowering time. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4985-95. [PMID: 24948678 PMCID: PMC4144777 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
SVP-like MADS domain transcription factors have been shown to regulate flowering time and both inflorescence and flower development in annual plants, while having effects on growth cessation and terminal bud formation in perennial species. Previously, four SVP genes were described in woody perennial vine kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.), with possible distinct roles in bud dormancy and flowering. Kiwifruit SVP3 transcript was confined to vegetative tissues and acted as a repressor of flowering as it was able to rescue the Arabidopsis svp41 mutant. To characterize kiwifruit SVP3 further, ectopic expression in kiwifruit species was performed. Ectopic expression of SVP3 in A. deliciosa did not affect general plant growth or the duration of endodormancy. Ectopic expression of SVP3 in A. eriantha also resulted in plants with normal vegetative growth, bud break, and flowering time. However, significantly prolonged and abnormal flower, fruit, and seed development were observed, arising from SVP3 interactions with kiwifruit floral homeotic MADS-domain proteins. Petal pigmentation was reduced as a result of SVP3-mediated interference with transcription of the kiwifruit flower tissue-specific R2R3 MYB regulator, MYB110a, and the gene encoding the key anthocyanin biosynthetic step, F3GT1. Constitutive expression of SVP3 had a similar impact on reproductive development in transgenic tobacco. The flowering time was not affected in day-neutral and photoperiod-responsive Nicotiana tabacum cultivars, but anthesis and seed germination were significantly delayed. The accumulation of anthocyanin in petals was reduced and the same underlying mechanism of R2R3 MYB NtAN2 transcript reduction was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tony McGie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roger P Hellens
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Porcar-Castell A, Tyystjärvi E, Atherton J, van der Tol C, Flexas J, Pfündel EE, Moreno J, Frankenberg C, Berry JA. Linking chlorophyll a fluorescence to photosynthesis for remote sensing applications: mechanisms and challenges. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4065-95. [PMID: 24868038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) has been used for decades to study the organization, functioning, and physiology of photosynthesis at the leaf and subcellular levels. ChlF is now measurable from remote sensing platforms. This provides a new optical means to track photosynthesis and gross primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Importantly, the spatiotemporal and methodological context of the new applications is dramatically different compared with most of the available ChlF literature, which raises a number of important considerations. Although we have a good mechanistic understanding of the processes that control the ChlF signal over the short term, the seasonal link between ChlF and photosynthesis remains obscure. Additionally, while the current understanding of in vivo ChlF is based on pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) measurements, remote sensing applications are based on the measurement of the passive solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), which entails important differences and new challenges that remain to be solved. In this review we introduce and revisit the physical, physiological, and methodological factors that control the leaf-level ChlF signal in the context of the new remote sensing applications. Specifically, we present the basis of photosynthetic acclimation and its optical signals, we introduce the physical and physiological basis of ChlF from the molecular to the leaf level and beyond, and we introduce and compare PAM and SIF methodology. Finally, we evaluate and identify the challenges that still remain to be answered in order to consolidate our mechanistic understanding of the remotely sensed SIF signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Porcar-Castell
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jon Atherton
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jaume Flexas
- Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | | | - Jose Moreno
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Leufen G, Noga G, Hunsche M. Proximal sensing of plant-pathogen interactions in spring barley with three fluorescence techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:11135-52. [PMID: 24961211 PMCID: PMC4118329 DOI: 10.3390/s140611135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the last years fluorescence spectroscopy has come to be viewed as an essential approach in key research fields of applied plant sciences. However, the quantity and particularly the quality of information produced by different equipment might vary considerably. In this study we investigate the potential of three optical devices for the proximal sensing of plant-pathogen interactions in four genotypes of spring barley. For this purpose, the fluorescence lifetime, the image-resolved multispectral fluorescence and selected indices of a portable multiparametric fluorescence device were recorded at 3, 6, and 9 days after inoculation (dai) from healthy leaves as well as from leaves inoculated with powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) or leaf rust (Puccinia hordei). Genotype-specific responses to pathogen infections were revealed already at 3 dai by higher fluorescence mean lifetimes in the spectral range from 410 to 560 nm in the less susceptible varieties. Noticeable pathogen-induced modifications were also revealed by the 'Blue-to-Far-Red Fluorescence Ratio' and the 'Simple Fluorescence Ratio'. Particularly in the susceptible varieties the differences became more evident in the time-course of the experiment i.e., following the pathogen development. The relevance of the blue and green fluorescence to exploit the plant-pathogen interaction was demonstrated by the multispectral fluorescence imaging system. As shown, mildewed leaves were characterized by exceptionally high blue fluorescence, contrasting the values observed in rust inoculated leaves. Further, we confirm that the intensity of green fluorescence depends on the pathogen infection and the stage of disease development; this information might allow a differentiation of both diseases. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the detection area might influence the quality of the information, although it had a minor impact only in the current study. Finally, we highlight the relevance of different excitation-emission channels to better understand and evaluate plant-physiological alterations due to pathogen infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Leufen
- Department of Horticultural Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, Bonn D-53121, Germany.
| | - Georg Noga
- Department of Horticultural Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, Bonn D-53121, Germany.
| | - Mauricio Hunsche
- Department of Horticultural Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, Bonn D-53121, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Gorinova N, Nedkovska M, Atanassov A. Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases as a Tool for Metabolizing of Herbicides in Plants. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2005.10817290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
79
|
Born N, Behringer D, Liepelt S, Beyer S, Schwerdtfeger M, Ziegenhagen B, Koch M. Monitoring plant drought stress response using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1571-7. [PMID: 24501000 PMCID: PMC3982723 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel measurement setup for monitoring changes in leaf water status using nondestructive terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Previous studies on a variety of plants showed the principal applicability of THz-TDS. In such setups, decreasing leaf water content directly correlates with increasing THz transmission. Our new system allows for continuous, nondestructive monitoring of the water status of multiple individual plants each at the same constant leaf position. It overcomes previous drawbacks, which were mainly due to the necessity of relocating the plants. Using needles of silver fir (Abies alba) seedlings as test subjects, we show that the transmission varies along the main axis of a single needle due to a variation in thickness. Therefore, the relocation of plants during the measuring period, which was necessary in the previous THz-TDS setups, should be avoided. Furthermore, we show a highly significant correlation between gravimetric water content and respective THz transmission. By monitoring the relative change in transmission, we were able to narrow down the permanent wilting point of the seedlings. Thus, we established groups of plants with well-defined levels of water stress that could not be detected visually. This opens up the possibility for a broad range of genetic and physiological experiments.
Collapse
|
80
|
Lang M, Siffel P, Braunová Z, Lichtenthaler HK. Investigations of the Blue-green Fluorescence Emission of Plant Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1992.tb00325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
81
|
Stober F, Lichtenthaler HK. Studies on the Localization and Spectral Characteristics of the Fluorescence Emission of Differently Pigmented Wheat Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
82
|
Lichtenthaler HK, Lang M, Sowinska M, Summ P, Heisel F, Miehe JA. Uptake of the Herbicide Diuron as Visualised by the Fluorescence Imaging Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1997.tb00623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
83
|
Xyländer M, Hagen C, Braune W. Mercury Increases Light Susceptibility in the Green AlgaHaematococcus lacustris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
84
|
Lang M, Lichtenthaler HK, Sowinska M, Summ P, Heisel F. Blue, Green and Red Fluorescence Signatures and Images of Tobacco Leaves*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1994.tb00790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
85
|
Van Wittenberghe S, Alonso L, Verrelst J, Hermans I, Valcke R, Veroustraete F, Moreno J, Samson R. A field study on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and pigment parameters along a vertical canopy gradient of four tree species in an urban environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 466-467:185-194. [PMID: 23895782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the potential uses of vegetation indices based on the sun-induced upward and downward chlorophyll fluorescence at leaf and at canopy scales, a field study was carried out in the city of Valencia (Spain). Fluorescence yield (FY) indices were derived for trees at different traffic intensity locations and at three canopy heights. This allowed investigating within-tree and between-tree variations of FY indices for four tree species. Several FY indices showed a significant (p < 0.05) and important effect of tree location for the species Morus alba (white mulberry) and Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm). The upward FY parameters of M. alba, and the upward to downward ratios at 687 and 741 nm for both species, were significantly related to tree location. It was found that not the total chlorophyll (Chl) content, but rather the Chl a/b ratio showed the strongest correlations with several of the indices applied. Chl a/b was lowest at the bottom level of the highest traffic intensity location for both species due to an increased Chl b, indicating a larger light harvesting complex related to Photosystem II (LHCII) as a response to limiting light. The leaf deposits from traffic observed at this sampling location possibly led to a shading effect, resulting further in an adaptive response of the photosynthetic system and subsequent difference of FY indices. This study therefore indicated the importance of the size of LHCII on the fluorescence emission, observed under different traffic generated pollution conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shari Van Wittenberghe
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Investigation of Leaf Diseases and Estimation of Chlorophyll Concentration in Seven Barley Varieties Using Fluorescence and Hyperspectral Indices. REMOTE SENSING 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/rs6010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
87
|
Lichtenthaler HK, Babani F, Navrátil M, Buschmann C. Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, photosynthetic activity, and pigment composition of blue-shade and half-shade leaves as compared to sun and shade leaves of different trees. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 117:355-66. [PMID: 23670216 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence induction kinetics, net photosynthetic CO2 fixation rates P N, and composition of photosynthetic pigments of differently light exposed leaves of several trees were comparatively measured to determine the differences in photosynthetic activity and pigment adaptation of leaves. The functional measurements were carried out with sun, half-shade and shade leaves of seven different trees species. These were: Acer platanoides L., Ginkgo biloba L., Fagus sylvatica L., Platanus x acerifolia Willd., Populus nigra L., Quercus robur L., Tilia cordata Mill. In three cases (beech, ginkgo, and oak), we compared the Chl fluorescence kinetics and photosynthetic rates of blue-shade leaves of the north tree crown receiving only blue sky light but no direct sunlight with that of sun leaves. In these cases, we also determined in detail the pigment composition of all four leaf types. In addition, we determined the quantum irradiance and spectral irradiance of direct sunlight, blue skylight as well as the irradiance in half shade and full shade. The results indicate that sun leaves possess significantly higher mean values for the net CO2 fixation rates P N (7.8-10.7 μmol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) leaf area) and the Chl fluorescence ratio R Fd (3.85-4.46) as compared to shade leaves (mean P N of 2.6-3.8 μmol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) leaf area.; mean R Fd of 1.94-2.56). Sun leaves also exhibit higher mean values for the pigment ratio Chl a/b (3.14-3.31) and considerably lower values for the weight ratio total chlorophylls to total carotenoids, (a + b)/(x + c), (4.07-4.25) as compared to shade leaves (Chl a/b 2.62-2.72) and (a + b)/(x + c) of 5.18-5.54. Blue-shade and half-shade leaves have an intermediate position between sun and shade leaves in all investigated parameters including the ratio F v/F o (maximum quantum yield of PS2 photochemistry) and are significantly different from sun and shade leaves but could not be differentiated from each other. The mean values of the Chl fluorescence decrease ratio R Fd of blue-shade and half-shade leaves fit well into the strong linear correlation with the net photosynthetic rates P N of sun and shade leaves, thus unequivocally indicating that the determination of the Chl fluorescence decrease ratio R Fd is a fast and indirect measurement of the photosynthetic activity of leaves. The investigations clearly demonstrate that the photosynthetic capacity and pigment composition of leaves and chloroplasts strongly depend on the amounts and quality of light received by the leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut K Lichtenthaler
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Lichtenthaler HK, Langsdorf G, Buschmann C. Uptake of diuron and concomitant loss of photosynthetic activity in leaves as visualized by imaging the red chlorophyll fluorescence. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:355-61. [PMID: 23722588 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The principles of the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence induction kinetics (known as Kautsky effect) and their change by the photosystem II herbicide diuron are presented together with the Chl fluorescence emission spectra of a normal and diuron-inhibited leaf. By imaging the Chl fluorescence emission of green leaves the successive uptake of diuron and the concomitant loss of photosynthetic quantum conversion from the leaf base to the leaf tip are documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut K Lichtenthaler
- Botanisches Institut (Physiology and Biochemistry of Plants), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University Division, Kaiserstr. 12, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Zezulka S, Kummerová M, Babula P, Váňová L. Lemna minor exposed to fluoranthene: growth, biochemical, physiological and histochemical changes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 140-141:37-47. [PMID: 23751793 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent one of the major groups of organic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is a common aquatic plant widely used in phytotoxicity tests for xenobiotic substances. The goal of this study was to assess the growth and the physiological, biochemical and histochemical changes in duckweed exposed for 4 and 10 days to fluoranthene (FLT, 0.1 and 1 mgL(-1)). Nonsignificant changes in number of plants, biomass production, leaf area size, content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids and parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence recorded after 4 and 10 days of exposure to FLT were in contrast with considerable changes at biochemical and histochemical levels. Higher occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by an exposure to FLT after 10 days as compared to control (hydrogen peroxide elevated by 13% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) and by 41% in the 1 mgL(-1) FLT; superoxide anion radical by 52% and 115% respectively) reflected in an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase by 3% in both treatments, catalase by 9% and 1% respectively, ascorbate peroxidase by 21% and 5% respectively, guaiacol peroxidase by 12% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) FLT). Even the content of antioxidant compounds like ascorbate (by 20% in the 1 mgL(-1) FLT) or total thiols (reduced forms by 15% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) and 8% in the 1 mgL(-1) FLT, oxidized forms by 36% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) FLT) increased. Increased amount of ROS was followed by an increase in malondialdehyde content (by 33% in the 0.1 mgL(-1) and 79% in the 1 mgL(-1) FLT). Whereas in plants treated by the 0.1 mgL(-1) FLT the contents of total proteins and phenols increased by 15% and 25%, respectively, the 1 mgL(-1) FLT caused decrease of their contents by 32% and 7%. Microscopic observations of duckweed roots also confirmed the presence of ROS and related histochemical changes at the cellular and tissue levels. The assessment of phytotoxicity of organic pollutant in duckweed based only on the evaluation of growth parameters could not fully cover the irreversible changes already running at the level of biochemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stěpán Zezulka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Dalton RL, Nussbaumer C, Pick FR, Boutin C. Comparing the sensitivity of geographically distinct Lemna minor populations to atrazine. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:718-730. [PMID: 23535915 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare the sensitivities of field populations and a laboratory culture of a duckweed species (Lemna minor) to the herbicide atrazine using three different endpoints and to determine whether sensitivity to atrazine was affected by past exposure to the herbicide. L. minor cultures were purchased commercially or collected from field sites within an agricultural watershed and exposed to atrazine for 7 days under greenhouse conditions. Populations differed significantly in their sensitivity to atrazine. Biomass was more sensitive than frond number, while chlorophyll fluorescence was not a sensitive endpoint. Overall, the sensitivity of the various populations to atrazine was not strongly related to measures of past exposure to agriculture stressors. Positive correlations between biomass twenty-five percent inhibition concentrations (IC25s), biomass estimated marginal means and in-stream atrazine concentrations were observed, providing evidence that atrazine exposure is linked to a decrease in sensitivity to atrazine. However, IC25s generated for each population were similar, ranging from 19 to 40 and 57 to 92 μg/L atrazine for biomass and frond data respectively, and likely do not represent biologically significant differences in atrazine sensitivity. Given the small range in sensitivity observed between populations, commercial laboratory cultures appear to provide a good estimate of the sensitivity of field populations of L. minor to atrazine and should continue to be used in regulatory phytotoxicity testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Dalton
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Early Detection of Bark Beetle Green Attack Using TerraSAR-X and RapidEye Data. REMOTE SENSING 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/rs5041912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
92
|
Furuuchi H, Jenkins MW, Senock RS, Houpis JLJ, Pushnik JC. Estimating plant crown transpiration and water use efficiency by vegetative reflectance indices associated with chlorophyll fluorescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/oje.2013.32015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
93
|
Kalaji HM, Goltsev V, Bosa K, Allakhverdiev SI, Strasser RJ. Experimental in vivo measurements of light emission in plants: a perspective dedicated to David Walker. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 114:69-96. [PMID: 23065335 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to David Walker (1928-2012), a pioneer in the field of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. We begin this review by presenting the history of light emission studies, from the ancient times. Light emission from plants is of several kinds: prompt fluorescence (PF), delayed fluorescence (DF), thermoluminescence, and phosphorescence. In this article, we focus on PF and DF. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements have been used for more than 80 years to study photosynthesis, particularly photosystem II (PSII) since 1961. This technique has become a regular trusted probe in agricultural and biological research. Many measured and calculated parameters are good biomarkers or indicators of plant tolerance to different abiotic and biotic stressors. This would never have been possible without the rapid development of new fluorometers. To date, most of these instruments are based mainly on two different operational principles for measuring variable chlorophyll a fluorescence: (1) a PF signal produced following a pulse-amplitude-modulated excitation and (2) a PF signal emitted during a strong continuous actinic excitation. In addition to fluorometers, other instruments have been developed to measure additional signals, such as DF, originating from PSII, and light-induced absorbance changes due to the photooxidation of P700, from PSI, measured as the absorption decrease (photobleaching) at about 705 nm, or increase at 820 nm. In this review, the technical and theoretical basis of newly developed instruments, allowing for simultaneous measurement of the PF and the DF as well as other parameters is discussed. Special emphasis has been given to a description of comparative measurements on PF and DF. However, DF has been discussed in greater details, since it is much less used and less known than PF, but has a great potential to provide useful qualitative new information on the back reactions of PSII electron transfer. A review concerning the history of fluorometers is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Asfi M, Ouzounidou G, Moustakas M. Evaluation of olive oil mill wastewater toxicity on spinach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:2363-2371. [PMID: 22261845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW), a by-product of the olive oil extraction process, is annually produced in huge amounts in olive-growing areas and represents a significant environmental problem in Mediterranean areas. We studied the impact of OMW dilutions (1:20 and 1:10) on spinach plants in order to evaluate OMW dilutions as a low-cost alternative method for the disposal of this waste. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of OMW dilutions were evaluated on seed germination, shoot and root elongation, biomass production, nutrient uptake and translocation, ascorbic acid content, polyphenols, photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthetic performance of spinach. RESULTS Plant biomass was more affected than plant height and total chlorophyll; carotenoid and ascorbic acid content progressively decreased with decreasing OMW dilution. Exposure to both OMW dilutions resulted in overaccumulation of total polyphenols, which were negatively correlated to plant biomass and nutrients. Nutrient (Fe, Ca, and Mg) content was insufficient leading to reduced growth. Water use efficiency decreased mainly due to decreased CO(2) assimilation rate rather than to a decline of transpiration rate. Disturbances in photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency could be better envisaged by the ratio between variable fluorescence and initial fluorescence (Fv/Fo), which showed much greater amplitude than the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). CONCLUSIONS From the data obtained, it is suggested that 1:20 OMW dilutions are still phytotoxic and that higher OMW dilutions should be used in order to use this waste for the irrigation of spinach plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asfi
- Institute of Food Technology, National Agricultural Research Foundation, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Cherif J, Derbel N, Nakkach M, von Bergmann H, Jemal F, Lakhdar ZB. Spectroscopic studies of photosynthetic responses of tomato plants to the interaction of zinc and cadmium toxicity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 111:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
96
|
Mei L, Lundin P, Brydegaard M, Gong S, Tang D, Somesfalean G, He S, Svanberg S. Tea classification and quality assessment using laser-induced fluorescence and chemometric evaluation. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:803-811. [PMID: 22410880 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence was used to evaluate the classification and quality of Chinese oolong teas and jasmine teas. The fluorescence of four different types of Chinese oolong teas-Guangdong oolong, North Fujian oolong, South Fujian oolong, and Taiwan oolong was recorded and singular value decomposition was used to describe the autofluoresence of the tea samples. Linear discriminant analysis was used to train a predictive chemometric model and a leave-one-out methodology was used to classify the types and evaluate the quality of the tea samples. The predicted classification of the oolong teas and the grade of the jasmine teas were estimated using this method. The agreement between the grades evaluated by the tea experts and by the chemometric model shows the potential of this technique to be used for practical assessment of tea grades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mei
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Bährs H, Steinberg CEW. Impact of two different humic substances on selected coccal green algae and cyanobacteria--changes in growth and photosynthetic performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:335-346. [PMID: 21751018 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE There is growing evidence to show that dissolved humic substances, HSs, can directly interact with freshwater organisms, such as phototrophic organisms, cladocerans, amphipods and fish. The responses are-at least in part-transcriptionally controlled. These interactions can lead to stress symptoms in the exposed organisms. In phototrophs, stress symptoms include a reduction in photosynthetic oxygen release and antioxidative stress. Besides the direct effects, HSs also cause indirect effects that provoke different physiological adaptations in the phototrophs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HS-influenced photosynthetic performance and stress response of two different green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Koršikov) Hindák and Monoraphidium braunii (Nägeli in Kützing) Komárková-Legnerová, and two cyanobacterial species, Synechocystis sp. (PCC 6803, Institut Pasteur) and Microcystis aeruginosa (PCC 7806, Institut Pasteur), were tested. Two humic preparations were applied, the synthetic HS1500 and HuminFeed, HF, which had previously been proven effective in bioassays with invertebrates and a water mould. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION When the algae were grown near light saturation, most of the tested species were positively affected by HSs in growth rate or chlorophyll content. Cell sizes decreased with increasing HS concentrations for all eukaryotic phototrophs, except for the cyanobacteria. After 4 to 5 days of cultivation at the highest HS exposure, there was a decrease in total dry weight due to reduced cell sizes in contrast to an increase in cell numbers. With the exception of Synechocystis, the dry weight per cell ratio decreased with increasing HS concentration. The efficiency of utilizing absorbed light quanta increased with increasing HS concentrations; the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSIImax) was higher in all of the tested species, with the exception of M. aeruginosa, after exposure to HS. CONCLUSION The applied humic preparations did not interact directly with PSII, but changed the physiological state of the algae, especially the photosynthetic performance. Neither the green algae nor the cyanobacteria were inhibited in growth or negatively affected in their photosynthetic performance. The exposure to lower concentrations of HS stimulated better growth of the phototrophs. The tested humic preparations obviously did not have the potency to act as xenobiotic stressors; furthermore, there was no sign of herbicide potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Bährs
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Freshwater and Stress Ecology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Späthstr. 80-81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Bellasio C, Olejníčková J, Tesař R, Šebela D, Nedbal L. Computer reconstruction of plant growth and chlorophyll fluorescence emission in three spatial dimensions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 12:1052-71. [PMID: 22368511 PMCID: PMC3279255 DOI: 10.3390/s120101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant leaves grow and change their orientation as well their emission of chlorophyll fluorescence in time. All these dynamic plant properties can be semi-automatically monitored by a 3D imaging system that generates plant models by the method of coded light illumination, fluorescence imaging and computer 3D reconstruction. Here, we describe the essentials of the method, as well as the system hardware. We show that the technique can reconstruct, with a high fidelity, the leaf size, the leaf angle and the plant height. The method fails with wilted plants when leaves overlap obscuring their true area. This effect, naturally, also interferes when the method is applied to measure plant growth under water stress. The method is, however, very potent in capturing the plant dynamics under mild stress and without stress. The 3D reconstruction is also highly effective in correcting geometrical factors that distort measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence emission of naturally positioned plant leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science, University of Firenze, Viale delle Idee, 30 50019-Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Julie Olejníčková
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.O.); (R.T.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Radek Tesař
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.O.); (R.T.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - David Šebela
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.O.); (R.T.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.O.); (R.T.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Buonasera K, Lambreva M, Rea G, Touloupakis E, Giardi MT. Technological applications of chlorophyll a fluorescence for the assessment of environmental pollutants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1139-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
100
|
Laser-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A Technique for Detection of Dimethoate Effect on Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Activity of Wheat Plant. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:785-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|